statement_id,poll_id,poll_title,poll_url,panel_type,publication_date,topic_or_category,question_label,statement_text,poll_context,n_respondents,n_answered_excluding_no_opinion,n_strongly_agree,n_agree,n_uncertain,n_disagree,n_strongly_disagree,n_no_opinion,n_missing_or_did_not_answer,share_agree,share_disagree,share_uncertain,net_agreement,majority_position,consensus_level,polarization_score,source_csv_url,extraction_method,extraction_notes,issue_categories,category_source,category_confidence,weighted_share_strongly_agree,weighted_share_agree_only,weighted_share_uncertain,weighted_share_disagree_only,weighted_share_strongly_disagree,weighted_share_agree,weighted_share_disagree,weighted_net_agreement,weighted_polarization_score
europe-board-quotas-for-women__question-a,europe__board-quotas-for-women,Board Quotas for Women,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/board-quotas-for-women/,Europe,2017-11-28,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Demographics, Aging, & Gender",Question A,"All else equal, if corporations throughout Europe set quotas for a minimum number of women board members, the shareholder value of European companies would increase.",,49,39,0,12,20,6,1,1,9,0.307692,0.179487,0.512821,0.128205,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.179487,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-11-28-Euro-EEP-Board-Quotas-for-Women.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.000000,0.350000,0.480000,0.130000,0.040000,0.350000,0.170000,0.180000,0.170000
europe-board-quotas-for-women__question-b,europe__board-quotas-for-women,Board Quotas for Women,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/board-quotas-for-women/,Europe,2017-11-28,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Demographics, Aging, & Gender",Question B,"Taking into account the likely effects on investments in human capital by men and women, setting quotas throughout Europe for a minimum number of women board members would generate substantial net benefits for Europeans.",,49,40,4,20,12,4,0,0,9,0.600000,0.100000,0.300000,0.500000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-11-28-Euro-EEP-Board-Quotas-for-Women.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.180000,0.500000,0.250000,0.070000,0.000000,0.680000,0.070000,0.610000,0.070000
europe-china-europe-trade__question-a,europe__china-europe-trade,China-Europe Trade,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/china-europe-trade/,Europe,2018-04-12,International Trade & Exchange Rates; Social Policy & Society,Question A,"Trade with China makes most Europeans better off because, among other advantages, they can buy goods that are made or assembled more cheaply in China.",,48,39,19,19,1,0,0,0,9,0.974359,0.000000,0.025641,0.974359,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-04-12-Euro-EEP-China-Europe-Trade.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Political economy,source,0.90,0.540000,0.450000,0.010000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
europe-china-europe-trade__question-b,europe__china-europe-trade,China-Europe Trade,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/china-europe-trade/,Europe,2018-04-12,International Trade & Exchange Rates; Social Policy & Society,Question B,"Some Europeans who work in the production of competing goods, such as clothing and furniture, are made worse off by trade with China.",,48,39,6,27,6,0,0,0,9,0.846154,0.000000,0.153846,0.846154,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-04-12-Euro-EEP-China-Europe-Trade.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Political economy,source,0.90,0.180000,0.700000,0.120000,0.000000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000
europe-china-europe-trade__question-c,europe__china-europe-trade,China-Europe Trade,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/china-europe-trade/,Europe,2018-04-12,International Trade & Exchange Rates; Social Policy & Society,Question C,"If the EU followed the new US steel tariffs by imposing similar EU tariffs on steel from China, it would improve Europeans’ welfare.",,48,39,0,0,3,19,17,0,9,0.000000,0.923077,0.076923,-0.923077,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-04-12-Euro-EEP-China-Europe-Trade.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.000000,0.060000,0.410000,0.520000,0.000000,0.930000,-0.930000,0.000000
europe-corporate-tax-rate-harmonization__question-a,europe__corporate-tax-rate-harmonization,Corporate Tax-Rate Harmonization,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/corporate-tax-rate-harmonization/,Europe,2017-12-20,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"Holding other policies fixed, the average European would be better off if every European country taxed corporate profits at a rate of 20% (based as closely as possible on a common definition of profits).",,49,26,2,17,3,4,0,0,23,0.730769,0.153846,0.115385,0.576923,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.153846,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-12-20-Euro-EEP-Corporate-Tax-Rate-Harmonization.csv,mixed,,Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.110000,0.600000,0.120000,0.180000,0.000000,0.710000,0.180000,0.530000,0.180000
europe-corporate-tax-rate-harmonization__question-b,europe__corporate-tax-rate-harmonization,Corporate Tax-Rate Harmonization,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/corporate-tax-rate-harmonization/,Europe,2017-12-20,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"If other policies were held fixed and every European country taxed corporate profits at a common rate of 20%, then reducing that common rate substantially below 20% would make the average European better off.",,49,26,0,2,8,14,2,0,23,0.076923,0.615385,0.307692,-0.538462,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.076923,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-12-20-Euro-EEP-Corporate-Tax-Rate-Harmonization.csv,mixed,,Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.080000,0.310000,0.560000,0.060000,0.080000,0.620000,-0.540000,0.080000
europe-digital-sales-tax__question-a,europe__digital-sales-tax,Digital Sales Tax,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/digital-sales-tax/,Europe,2018-05-31,"Science, Technology, & Innovation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"The European Commission has proposed new rules to ensure that “digital business activities are taxed in a fair and growth-friendly way in the EU”. Consider two statements regarding this proposal: An EU-wide 3% tax on revenue from digital activities would, on balance, be a good idea.",,48,29,2,12,11,3,1,6,13,0.482759,0.137931,0.379310,0.344828,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.137931,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-05-30-Euro-EEP-Digital-Sales-Tax.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.090000,0.440000,0.300000,0.120000,0.050000,0.530000,0.170000,0.360000,0.170000
europe-digital-sales-tax__question-b,europe__digital-sales-tax,Digital Sales Tax,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/digital-sales-tax/,Europe,2018-05-31,"Science, Technology, & Innovation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"If the EU decides to tax digital service providers, it would be better — given the difficulties of measuring and verifying digital activity — to tax them on the revenue, rather than the profits, that they generate locally.",,48,29,2,14,10,2,1,6,13,0.551724,0.103448,0.344828,0.448276,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.103448,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-05-30-Euro-EEP-Digital-Sales-Tax.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.090000,0.540000,0.230000,0.090000,0.060000,0.630000,0.150000,0.480000,0.150000
europe-ecb-asset-purchases__question-a,europe__ecb-asset-purchases,ECB Asset Purchases,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ecb-asset-purchases/,Europe,2017-04-25,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,The ECB's asset purchases over the past two years have reduced the threat of deflation in the euro area as a whole.,,50,38,13,18,6,0,1,2,10,0.815789,0.026316,0.157895,0.789474,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-04-25-Euro-EEP-ECB-Asset-Purchases.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Monetary policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.430000,0.450000,0.090000,0.000000,0.030000,0.880000,0.030000,0.850000,0.030000
europe-ecb-asset-purchases__question-b,europe__ecb-asset-purchases,ECB Asset Purchases,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ecb-asset-purchases/,Europe,2017-04-25,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,"If the economic outlook in the euro area becomes less favorable, then increasing the ECB's asset purchase program (in size or duration) would substantially increase the euro area's economic growth over the following five years.",,50,38,1,7,21,5,4,2,10,0.210526,0.236842,0.552632,-0.026316,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.210526,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-04-25-Euro-EEP-ECB-Asset-Purchases.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Monetary policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.200000,0.500000,0.130000,0.130000,0.240000,0.260000,-0.020000,0.240000
europe-energy-sources__question-a,europe__energy-sources,Energy Sources,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-sources/,Europe,2017-11-09,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"Subsidizing renewable energy sources is better than taxing fossil fuels, assuming the subsidy or tax would be set at levels that would reduce carbon emissions by an equivalent amount.",,49,32,1,5,7,15,4,3,14,0.187500,0.593750,0.218750,-0.406250,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.187500,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-11-09-Euro-EEP-Energy-Sources.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.050000,0.140000,0.180000,0.470000,0.160000,0.190000,0.630000,-0.440000,0.190000
europe-energy-sources__question-b,europe__energy-sources,Energy Sources,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-sources/,Europe,2017-11-09,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Germany’s solar-energy subsidies to date have produced net social benefits for Germany.,,49,27,1,7,13,6,0,8,14,0.296296,0.222222,0.481481,0.074074,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.222222,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-11-09-Euro-EEP-Energy-Sources.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.070000,0.260000,0.420000,0.240000,0.000000,0.330000,0.240000,0.090000,0.240000
europe-energy-sources__question-c,europe__energy-sources,Energy Sources,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-sources/,Europe,2017-11-09,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,Solar-energy subsidies to date in Germany and other countries have produced net social benefits for the world.,,49,29,2,15,9,3,0,6,14,0.586207,0.103448,0.310345,0.482759,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.103448,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-11-09-Euro-EEP-Energy-Sources.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.090000,0.500000,0.290000,0.120000,0.000000,0.590000,0.120000,0.470000,0.120000
europe-european-champions__question-a,europe__european-champions,European Champions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-champions/,Europe,2019-02-27,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"The average European is better off if Europe’s competition authorities let firms merge into European champions in their sectors, even it weakens competition.",,50,39,0,3,13,12,11,0,11,0.076923,0.589744,0.333333,-0.512821,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.076923,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-02-27-Euro-EEP-European-Champions.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.070000,0.260000,0.330000,0.340000,0.070000,0.670000,-0.600000,0.070000
europe-european-champions__question-b,europe__european-champions,European Champions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-champions/,Europe,2019-02-27,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"If China and other countries use policies that create giant international firms, then the average European is better off if Europe's competition authorities let firms merge into European champions in their sectors, even it weakens competition.",,50,39,2,1,19,13,4,0,11,0.076923,0.435897,0.487179,-0.358974,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.076923,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-02-27-Euro-EEP-European-Champions.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.080000,0.010000,0.410000,0.350000,0.140000,0.090000,0.490000,-0.400000,0.090000
europe-european-deposit-insurance__question-a,europe__european-deposit-insurance,European Deposit Insurance,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-deposit-insurance/,Europe,2019-04-09,Financial Markets & Banking; Public Debt & Deficits,Question A,"A common European deposit insurance scheme , once fully implemented, would increase the stability of European economies in the event of another financial crisis.",,50,36,11,19,2,4,0,2,12,0.833333,0.111111,0.055556,0.722222,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.111111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-04-09-Euro-EEP-European-Deposit-Insurance.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.320000,0.550000,0.030000,0.100000,0.000000,0.870000,0.100000,0.770000,0.100000
europe-european-deposit-insurance__question-b,europe__european-deposit-insurance,European Deposit Insurance,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-deposit-insurance/,Europe,2019-04-09,Financial Markets & Banking; Public Debt & Deficits,Question B,"A common European deposit insurance scheme , once fully implemented, would increase the likelihood of another financial crisis in Europe.",,50,36,0,4,8,12,12,2,12,0.111111,0.666667,0.222222,-0.555556,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.111111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-04-09-Euro-EEP-European-Deposit-Insurance.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.110000,0.180000,0.340000,0.380000,0.110000,0.720000,-0.610000,0.110000
us-fed-strategy__question-a,us__fed-strategy,Fed Strategy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fed-strategy/,US,2020-09-16,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,The Fed’s revised strategy to focus on employment shortfalls and a more flexible interpretation of the inflation target will make little practical difference to monetary policy outcomes over the next decade.,,43,35,0,10,16,9,0,6,2,0.285714,0.257143,0.457143,0.028571,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.257143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-09-16-US-EEP-Fed-Strategy.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.330000,0.370000,0.310000,0.000000,0.330000,0.310000,0.020000,0.310000
europe-frances-labor-market__question-a,europe__frances-labor-market,France’s Labor Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/frances-labor-market/,Europe,2017-05-17,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,"Revising France’s labor market policies — by reducing employment protection, decentralizing labor negotiations to the firm level, and making training programs more accessible and responsive to labor demands — would, all else equal, increase productivity in France’s economy.",,50,40,10,23,5,2,0,2,8,0.825000,0.050000,0.125000,0.775000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.050000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-05-17-Euro-EEP-Frances-Labor-Market.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.320000,0.530000,0.100000,0.050000,0.000000,0.850000,0.050000,0.800000,0.050000
europe-frances-labor-market__question-b,europe__frances-labor-market,France’s Labor Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/frances-labor-market/,Europe,2017-05-17,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,Reducing employment protection would reduce the equilibrium unemployment rate in France.,,50,41,6,23,11,1,0,1,8,0.707317,0.024390,0.268293,0.682927,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-05-17-Euro-EEP-Frances-Labor-Market.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.160000,0.560000,0.260000,0.030000,0.000000,0.720000,0.030000,0.690000,0.030000
europe-gentrification__question-a,europe__gentrification,Gentrification,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/gentrification/,Europe,2019-04-30,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"Residents of big European cities would be better off, on balance, if governments did more to counter gentrification , for example by using rent and other housing subsidies, public housing investments, zoning regulations, or similar policies.","When more affluent people move into an urban neighborhood, the influx can raise house prices and the value of local amenities, leading to the displacement of long-time lower-income residents – a process sometimes known as gentrification . We invited our European panel of economic experts to express their views on whether governments in Europe should be doing more to counter this phenomenon via a range of housing market policies. Read More...",50,33,1,6,12,13,1,4,13,0.212121,0.424242,0.363636,-0.212121,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.212121,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-04-30-Euro-EEP-Gentrification.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.010000,0.150000,0.410000,0.410000,0.010000,0.160000,0.420000,-0.260000,0.160000
europe-german-and-european-economic-policy__question-a,europe__german-and-european-economic-policy,German and European Economic Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/german-and-european-economic-policy/,Europe,2020-02-24,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"Germany's current account surplus is undesirable even from a purely German viewpoint: the country would be better off if, for example, it ran a smaller primary surplus, in turn leading to a smaller current account surplus.",,46,32,12,11,6,3,0,4,10,0.718750,0.093750,0.187500,0.625000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.093750,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-02-24-Euro-EEP-German-and-European-Economic-Policy.csv,mixed,,Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.490000,0.290000,0.120000,0.090000,0.000000,0.780000,0.090000,0.690000,0.090000
europe-german-and-european-economic-policy__question-b,europe__german-and-european-economic-policy,German and European Economic Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/german-and-european-economic-policy/,Europe,2020-02-24,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"The Eurozone would be in better shape if fiscal policy were more expansionary, which would allow monetary policy to be slightly less so.",,46,34,9,17,6,2,0,2,10,0.764706,0.058824,0.176471,0.705882,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.058824,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-02-24-Euro-EEP-German-and-European-Economic-Policy.csv,mixed,,Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.330000,0.460000,0.150000,0.050000,0.000000,0.790000,0.050000,0.740000,0.050000
europe-german-and-european-economic-policy__question-c,europe__german-and-european-economic-policy,German and European Economic Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/german-and-european-economic-policy/,Europe,2020-02-24,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,"If there is a recession in the Eurozone, it will be essential to have a coordinated fiscal expansion.",,46,33,11,16,4,2,0,3,10,0.818182,0.060606,0.121212,0.757576,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.060606,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-02-24-Euro-EEP-German-and-European-Economic-Policy.csv,mixed,,Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.400000,0.470000,0.090000,0.040000,0.000000,0.870000,0.040000,0.830000,0.040000
europe-governments-and-economic-performance__question-a,europe__governments-and-economic-performance,Governments and Economic Performance,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/governments-and-economic-performance/,Europe,2018-10-02,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Social Policy & Society",Question A,Voters overestimate the effect that current governments have on their economies’ concurrent economic performance.,,50,37,13,19,3,2,0,2,11,0.864865,0.054054,0.081081,0.810811,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.054054,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-10-02-Euro-EEP-Governments-and-Economic-Performances.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.430000,0.460000,0.070000,0.040000,0.000000,0.890000,0.040000,0.850000,0.040000
europe-immigration-and-government-budgets__question-a,europe__immigration-and-government-budgets,Immigration and Government Budgets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/immigration-and-government-budgets/,Europe,2018-11-07,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Migration",Question A,People who migrated to Europe between 2015 and 2018 are likely — over the next two decades — to contribute more in taxes paid than they receive in benefits and public services.,,50,36,6,17,9,4,0,1,13,0.638889,0.111111,0.250000,0.527778,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.111111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-11-07-Euro-EEP-Immigration-and-Government-Budgets.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Immigration,source,0.90,0.240000,0.460000,0.190000,0.110000,0.000000,0.700000,0.110000,0.590000,0.110000
europe-italys-banks__question-a,europe__italys-banks,Italy’s Banks,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/italys-banks/,Europe,2016-12-21,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,"Setting the EU rules aside, and assuming it would take 2.5% of Italy’s GDP to recapitalize its banks, the Italian government would improve financial stability in Europe if it injected this amount of public funds into its banks.",,50,44,5,21,14,3,1,3,3,0.590909,0.090909,0.318182,0.500000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.090909,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2016-12-21-Euro-EEP-Italys-Banks.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Political economy,mixed,0.80,0.170000,0.440000,0.290000,0.070000,0.030000,0.610000,0.100000,0.510000,0.100000
europe-italys-banks__question-b,europe__italys-banks,Italy’s Banks,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/italys-banks/,Europe,2016-12-21,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,"If Italy were to inject public funds into its banks without imposing losses on at least some claimants, an important cost would be the effect on future incentives (economic or political) in Europe.",,50,44,11,28,1,4,0,3,3,0.886364,0.090909,0.022727,0.795455,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.090909,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2016-12-21-Euro-EEP-Italys-Banks.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Political economy,mixed,0.80,0.300000,0.590000,0.030000,0.090000,0.000000,0.890000,0.090000,0.800000,0.090000
europe-migration-within-europe__question-a,europe__migration-within-europe,Migration Within Europe,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/migration-within-europe/,Europe,2016-12-07,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Migration",Question A,Freer movement of people to live and work across borders within Europe has made the average western European citizen better off since the 1980s.,,50,46,22,23,1,0,0,1,3,0.978261,0.000000,0.021739,0.978261,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016-12-07-Euro-EEP-Migration-within-Europe.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Immigration,source,0.90,0.540000,0.450000,0.010000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
europe-migration-within-europe__question-b,europe__migration-within-europe,Migration Within Europe,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/migration-within-europe/,Europe,2016-12-07,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Migration",Question B,Freer movement of people to live and work across borders within Europe has made many low-skilled western European citizens worse off since the 1980s.,,50,46,0,12,10,19,5,1,3,0.260870,0.521739,0.217391,-0.260870,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.260870,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016-12-07-Euro-EEP-Migration-within-Europe.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Immigration,source,0.90,0.000000,0.240000,0.210000,0.410000,0.140000,0.240000,0.550000,-0.310000,0.240000
europe-privatization-in-central-and-eastern-europe__question-a,europe__privatization-in-central-and-eastern-europe,Privatization in Central and Eastern Europe,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/privatization-in-central-and-eastern-europe/,Europe,2016-12-07,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question A,"On the whole, the shift from state to private ownership of many industrial assets in central and eastern European countries after communism has increased productivity in those countries.",,50,44,25,18,1,0,0,3,3,0.977273,0.000000,0.022727,0.977273,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016-12-07-Euro-EEP-Privatization-in-Central-and-Eastern-Europe.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.640000,0.350000,0.010000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
europe-public-spending-on-the-arts__question-a,europe__public-spending-on-the-arts,Public Spending on the Arts,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/public-spending-on-the-arts/,Europe,2019-03-20,Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"Overall, public spending on the arts in Europe creates benefits that exceed the deadweight loss caused by taxation to fund it.",,50,34,7,17,9,1,0,2,14,0.705882,0.029412,0.264706,0.676471,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.029412,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-03-20-Euro-EEP-Public-Spending-on-the-Arts.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.310000,0.490000,0.180000,0.020000,0.000000,0.800000,0.020000,0.780000,0.020000
europe-public-spending-on-the-arts__question-b,europe__public-spending-on-the-arts,Public Spending on the Arts,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/public-spending-on-the-arts/,Europe,2019-03-20,Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,Additional public spending on the arts in Europe would create incremental benefits that exceed the deadweight loss caused by taxation to fund it.,,50,32,3,6,19,4,0,4,14,0.281250,0.125000,0.593750,0.156250,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.125000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-03-20-Euro-EEP-Public-Spending-on-the-Arts.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.180000,0.240000,0.450000,0.130000,0.000000,0.420000,0.130000,0.290000,0.130000
europe-research-and-development__question-a,europe__research-and-development,Research and Development,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/research-and-development/,Europe,2019-11-15,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"Europeans would benefit more from an extra €1 billion of public R&D spent through existing (public) channels than from an extra €1 billion of private R&D spent through existing (private) channels, all else equal.",,48,34,2,15,14,3,0,3,11,0.500000,0.088235,0.411765,0.411765,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.088235,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-11-15-Euro-EEP-Research-and-Development.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.090000,0.490000,0.320000,0.100000,0.000000,0.580000,0.100000,0.480000,0.100000
europe-research-and-development__question-b,europe__research-and-development,Research and Development,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/research-and-development/,Europe,2019-11-15,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,"Europeans would benefit more from an extra €1 billion of public medical research spent through existing (public) channels than from an extra €1 billion of private medical research spent through existing (private) channels, all else equal.",,48,34,4,17,13,0,0,3,11,0.617647,0.000000,0.382353,0.617647,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-11-15-Euro-EEP-Research-and-Development.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.180000,0.530000,0.290000,0.000000,0.000000,0.710000,0.000000,0.710000,0.000000
europe-ride-sharing__question-a,europe__ride-sharing,Ride Sharing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ride-sharing/,Europe,2017-06-07,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Transport",Question A,"Consumers will be better off, on balance, if European cities treat firms that provide ride-sharing platforms (such as Uber) as substantively different from taxi firms, and thus not necessarily warranting the same regulation.",,50,40,4,15,13,8,0,1,9,0.475000,0.200000,0.325000,0.275000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.200000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-06-07-Euro-EEP-Ride-Sharing.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.130000,0.430000,0.250000,0.190000,0.000000,0.560000,0.190000,0.370000,0.190000
europe-ride-sharing__question-b,europe__ride-sharing,Ride Sharing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ride-sharing/,Europe,2017-06-07,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Transport",Question B,"Assuming that taxi and ride-sharing companies were treated as substantively similar — including requirements that they operate on an equal footing regarding safety, insurance and taxation — letting ride-sharing services compete without restrictions on prices or routes would raise consumer welfare.",,50,41,15,25,0,1,0,0,9,0.975610,0.024390,0.000000,0.951220,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-06-07-Euro-EEP-Ride-Sharing.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.430000,0.550000,0.000000,0.020000,0.000000,0.980000,0.020000,0.960000,0.020000
europe-ride-sharing__question-c,europe__ride-sharing,Ride Sharing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ride-sharing/,Europe,2017-06-07,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Transport",Question C,"Regardless of how ride-sharing services are treated, existing regulations for traditional taxi firms in many European cities harm consumers by limiting competition.",,50,40,11,23,6,0,0,1,9,0.850000,0.000000,0.150000,0.850000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-06-07-Euro-EEP-Ride-Sharing.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.320000,0.520000,0.150000,0.000000,0.000000,0.840000,0.000000,0.840000,0.000000
europe-social-responsibility__question-a,europe__social-responsibility,Social Responsibility,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/social-responsibility/,Europe,2019-01-17,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question A,"To the extent that public corporations pursue social and environmental initiatives, they tend to achieve higher risk-adjusted (private) returns than otherwise similar corporations that pursue such initiatives less.",,50,39,0,4,19,12,4,4,7,0.102564,0.410256,0.487179,-0.307692,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.102564,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-01-17-Euro-EEP-Social-Responsibility.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.100000,0.440000,0.320000,0.130000,0.100000,0.450000,-0.350000,0.100000
europe-social-responsibility__question-b,europe__social-responsibility,Social Responsibility,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/social-responsibility/,Europe,2019-01-17,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question B,To the extent that Norway’s global government pension fund makes investments for social and environmental objectives — apart from investments that would bring the highest expected risk-adjusted returns — it improves the welfare of Norwegians.,,50,42,5,24,10,3,0,1,7,0.690476,0.071429,0.238095,0.619048,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.071429,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-01-17-Euro-EEP-Social-Responsibility.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.150000,0.570000,0.190000,0.090000,0.000000,0.720000,0.090000,0.630000,0.090000
europe-supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis__question-a,europe__supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis,Supporting European Businesses in the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis/,Europe,2020-04-21,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Business, Management, & Corporate Performance",Question A,"Government support to private firms in the form of debt (either directly or with the help of public guarantees) is desirable, but risks leaving them with too much leverage to invest and grow in the future.",,46,41,9,19,9,3,1,0,5,0.682927,0.097561,0.219512,0.585366,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.097561,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-21-Euro-EEP-Supporting-European-Businesses-in-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.280000,0.450000,0.180000,0.060000,0.030000,0.730000,0.090000,0.640000,0.090000
europe-supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis__question-b,europe__supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis,Supporting European Businesses in the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis/,Europe,2020-04-21,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Business, Management, & Corporate Performance",Question B,Providing funds to viable businesses in the form of equity injections is a vital complement to debt support.,,46,40,6,14,17,3,0,1,5,0.500000,0.075000,0.425000,0.425000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.075000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-21-Euro-EEP-Supporting-European-Businesses-in-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.210000,0.370000,0.340000,0.080000,0.000000,0.580000,0.080000,0.500000,0.080000
europe-supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis__question-c,europe__supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis,Supporting European Businesses in the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis/,Europe,2020-04-21,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Business, Management, & Corporate Performance",Question C,"With the EU ban on state aid suspended, government capital injections should be provided via a newly created pan-European equity fund, rather than be left to national governments acting independently.",,46,40,10,9,11,8,2,1,5,0.475000,0.250000,0.275000,0.225000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.250000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-21-Euro-EEP-Supporting-European-Businesses-in-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.310000,0.200000,0.250000,0.170000,0.070000,0.510000,0.240000,0.270000,0.240000
europe-the-european-green-deal__question-a,europe__the-european-green-deal,The European Green Deal,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-european-green-deal/,Europe,2020-01-30,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question A,The European Union goal of reaching net zero emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050 will be a major drag on economic growth.,,46,45,0,2,19,22,2,0,1,0.044444,0.533333,0.422222,-0.488889,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.044444,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-01-31-Euro-EEP-The-European-Green-Deal.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; Taxation; Trade,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.050000,0.390000,0.500000,0.060000,0.050000,0.560000,-0.510000,0.050000
europe-the-european-green-deal__question-b,europe__the-european-green-deal,The European Green Deal,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-european-green-deal/,Europe,2020-01-30,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question B,Carbon taxes are a better way to implement climate policy than cap-and-trade.,,46,45,3,21,16,4,1,0,1,0.533333,0.111111,0.355556,0.422222,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.111111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-01-31-Euro-EEP-The-European-Green-Deal.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; Taxation; Trade,mixed,0.80,0.090000,0.520000,0.270000,0.100000,0.020000,0.610000,0.120000,0.490000,0.120000
europe-the-european-green-deal__question-c,europe__the-european-green-deal,The European Green Deal,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-european-green-deal/,Europe,2020-01-30,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question C,A carbon border tax targeting imports from non-EU countries with less strict climate policies is likely to harm developing economies.,,46,43,0,18,18,7,0,2,1,0.418605,0.162791,0.418605,0.255814,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.162791,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-01-31-Euro-EEP-The-European-Green-Deal.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; Taxation; Trade,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.440000,0.380000,0.180000,0.000000,0.440000,0.180000,0.260000,0.180000
europe-european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis__question-a,europe__european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis,European Economic Policy for the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis/,Europe,2020-04-02,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,Severe lockdowns – including closing non-essential businesses and strict limitations on people’s movement – are likely to be better for the economy in the medium term than less aggressive measures.,,46,42,16,14,10,2,0,1,3,0.714286,0.047619,0.238095,0.666667,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.047619,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-02-Euro-EEP-European-Economic-Policy-for-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; COVID/pandemic policy; Banking; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.430000,0.320000,0.200000,0.050000,0.000000,0.750000,0.050000,0.700000,0.050000
europe-european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis__question-b,europe__european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis,European Economic Policy for the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis/,Europe,2020-04-02,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"While national governments have responded to the crisis with substantial economic policy measures, a joint euro area fiscal response is still highly desirable.",,46,41,25,12,2,1,1,2,3,0.902439,0.048780,0.048780,0.853659,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.048780,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-02-Euro-EEP-European-Economic-Policy-for-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; COVID/pandemic policy; Banking; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.670000,0.250000,0.030000,0.020000,0.030000,0.920000,0.050000,0.870000,0.050000
europe-european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis__question-c,europe__european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis,European Economic Policy for the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis/,Europe,2020-04-02,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,"Given the willingness of the European Central Bank to buy sovereign bonds, including Italian bonds, without limits, there is no need for ‘coronabonds’.",,46,39,3,6,11,11,8,4,3,0.230769,0.487179,0.282051,-0.256410,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.230769,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-02-Euro-EEP-European-Economic-Policy-for-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; COVID/pandemic policy; Banking; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.170000,0.200000,0.260000,0.270000,0.280000,0.530000,-0.250000,0.280000
europe-getting-brexit-done__question-a,europe__getting-brexit-done,‘Getting Brexit Done’,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/getting-brexit-done/,Europe,2019-12-20,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,"Following the UK election result, the certainty that the country is going to leave the European Union will provide a substantial short-term boost to the UK economy.",,48,39,0,8,15,14,2,1,8,0.205128,0.410256,0.384615,-0.205128,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.205128,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-12-20-Euro-EEP-Getting-Brexit-Done.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.000000,0.220000,0.340000,0.380000,0.060000,0.220000,0.440000,-0.220000,0.220000
europe-getting-brexit-done__question-b,europe__getting-brexit-done,‘Getting Brexit Done’,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/getting-brexit-done/,Europe,2019-12-20,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,"Given that the transition period currently expires at the end of 2020, there is still a considerable risk that the UK will leave the European Union without a trade agreement.",,48,39,9,20,5,5,0,1,8,0.743590,0.128205,0.128205,0.615385,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.128205,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-12-20-Euro-EEP-Getting-Brexit-Done.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.300000,0.480000,0.110000,0.110000,0.000000,0.780000,0.110000,0.670000,0.110000
europe-getting-brexit-done__question-c,europe__getting-brexit-done,‘Getting Brexit Done’,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/getting-brexit-done/,Europe,2019-12-20,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question C,Leaving the European Union without a trade agreement would have a large negative impact on the UK economy.,,48,39,20,15,3,1,0,1,8,0.897436,0.025641,0.076923,0.871795,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-12-20-Euro-EEP-Getting-Brexit-Done.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.570000,0.340000,0.070000,0.020000,0.000000,0.910000,0.020000,0.890000,0.020000
us-tax-proposals__question-a,us__tax-proposals,Tax Proposals,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tax-proposals/,US,2020-10-13,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"Restoring the top individual federal income tax rate to 39.6% for incomes over $400,000 (from the current 37%) and taxing the capital gains and dividends of taxpayers with income over $1 million at that top rate (instead of the current preferential rate of 20%), with no other associated changes in taxes or spending, would be unlikely to hurt economic growth noticeably.",,43,39,8,21,7,3,0,1,3,0.743590,0.076923,0.179487,0.666667,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.076923,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020-10-13-US-EEP-Tax-Proposals.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.250000,0.530000,0.130000,0.090000,0.000000,0.780000,0.090000,0.690000,0.090000
us-tax-proposals__question-b,us__tax-proposals,Tax Proposals,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tax-proposals/,US,2020-10-13,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"Restoring the top tax rate, removing the preferential rate on capital gains and dividends, and raising the corporate tax rate from 21% to 28%, with no other associated changes in taxes or spending, would be likely to lead to a meaningful sustained reduction in fiscal deficits.",,43,39,7,23,6,3,0,1,3,0.769231,0.076923,0.153846,0.692308,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.076923,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020-10-13-US-EEP-Tax-Proposals.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.260000,0.580000,0.120000,0.040000,0.000000,0.840000,0.040000,0.800000,0.040000
europe-foreign-competition-and-domestic-innovation__question-a,europe__foreign-competition-and-domestic-innovation,Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/foreign-competition-and-domestic-innovation/,Europe,2020-10-13,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Strong competition from foreign producers is likely to encourage greater private sector expenditure on research and development in the home market.,,46,39,8,11,20,0,0,1,6,0.487179,0.000000,0.512821,0.487179,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020-10-13-Euro-EEP-Foreign-Competition-and-Domestic-Innovation.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Antitrust/competition,mixed,0.80,0.290000,0.260000,0.460000,0.000000,0.000000,0.550000,0.000000,0.550000,0.000000
us-economic-recovery__question-a,us__economic-recovery,Economic Recovery,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-recovery/,US,2020-10-06,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity",Question A,The US economy would be substantially stronger today if the state and local ‘stay-at-home’ orders had been more uniform and lasted longer in the first half of the year.,,43,40,2,18,17,3,0,0,3,0.500000,0.075000,0.425000,0.425000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.075000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020-10-06-US-EEP-Economic-Recovery.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.060000,0.460000,0.390000,0.090000,0.000000,0.520000,0.090000,0.430000,0.090000
us-economic-recovery__question-b,us__economic-recovery,Economic Recovery,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-recovery/,US,2020-10-06,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity",Question B,The economy will receive a substantial boost as soon as K-12 schools can be safely opened in person nationwide.,,43,40,8,27,5,0,0,0,3,0.875000,0.000000,0.125000,0.875000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020-10-06-US-EEP-Economic-Recovery.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.260000,0.630000,0.110000,0.000000,0.000000,0.890000,0.000000,0.890000,0.000000
europe-objectives-of-the-european-central-bank__question-a,europe__objectives-of-the-european-central-bank,Objectives of the European Central Bank,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/objectives-of-the-european-central-bank/,Europe,2020-09-24,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,The ECB should aim to achieve an inflation rate that averages 2% over time.,,44,36,3,17,8,7,1,1,7,0.555556,0.222222,0.222222,0.333333,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.222222,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-09-24-Euro-EEP-Objectives-of-the-European-Central-Bank.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.460000,0.210000,0.180000,0.040000,0.570000,0.220000,0.350000,0.220000
europe-objectives-of-the-european-central-bank__question-b,europe__objectives-of-the-european-central-bank,Objectives of the European Central Bank,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/objectives-of-the-european-central-bank/,Europe,2020-09-24,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,The ECB should take account of the environmental implications of its policy decisions.,,44,36,4,14,5,11,2,1,7,0.500000,0.361111,0.138889,0.138889,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.361111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-09-24-Euro-EEP-Objectives-of-the-European-Central-Bank.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.150000,0.370000,0.110000,0.310000,0.060000,0.520000,0.370000,0.150000,0.370000
europe-objectives-of-the-european-central-bank__question-c,europe__objectives-of-the-european-central-bank,Objectives of the European Central Bank,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/objectives-of-the-european-central-bank/,Europe,2020-09-24,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question C,The objectives set for the ECB by Treaty should make maximum sustainable employment of equal importance as price stability.,,44,35,5,9,11,9,1,2,7,0.400000,0.285714,0.314286,0.114286,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.285714,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-09-24-Euro-EEP-Objectives-of-the-European-Central-Bank.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.160000,0.270000,0.270000,0.270000,0.020000,0.430000,0.290000,0.140000,0.290000
europe-bitcoins__question-a,europe__bitcoins,Bitcoins,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bitcoins/,Europe,2018-03-09,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,Bitcoins are more similar to gold than they are to currency.,,48,30,6,12,2,9,1,3,15,0.600000,0.333333,0.066667,0.266667,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.333333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-03-09-Euro-EEP-Bitcoins.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.240000,0.410000,0.040000,0.280000,0.030000,0.650000,0.310000,0.340000,0.310000
europe-bitcoins__question-b,europe__bitcoins,Bitcoins,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bitcoins/,Europe,2018-03-09,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,Bitcoins are more similar to gold than they are to Dutch tulips in the 1630s.,,48,31,0,8,3,15,5,2,15,0.258065,0.645161,0.096774,-0.387097,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.258065,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-03-09-Euro-EEP-Bitcoins.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.280000,0.080000,0.410000,0.230000,0.280000,0.640000,-0.360000,0.280000
us-student-debt-forgiveness__question-a,us__student-debt-forgiveness,Student Debt Forgiveness,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/student-debt-forgiveness/,US,2020-11-24,Education & Skills; Social Policy & Society,Question A,Having the government issue additional debt to pay off all current outstanding student loans would be net regressive.,"The total value of outstanding student loans in the United States currently stands at over $1.6 trillion . During the coronavirus crisis, federal student loan payments have been suspended to the end of the calendar year. Following the presidential election, there have been wider discussions of whether the incoming administration may consider some level of forgiveness of the debt. Read More...",43,41,7,19,15,0,0,1,1,0.634146,0.000000,0.365854,0.634146,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-11-24-US-EEP-Student-Debt-Forgiveness.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Political economy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.250000,0.480000,0.270000,0.000000,0.000000,0.730000,0.000000,0.730000,0.000000
us-student-debt-forgiveness__question-b,us__student-debt-forgiveness,Student Debt Forgiveness,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/student-debt-forgiveness/,US,2020-11-24,Education & Skills; Social Policy & Society,Question B,"Having the government issue enough additional debt to pay off student loans up to a threshold, for borrowers whose income is below a certain level, could be progressive.","The total value of outstanding student loans in the United States currently stands at over $1.6 trillion . During the coronavirus crisis, federal student loan payments have been suspended to the end of the calendar year. Following the presidential election, there have been wider discussions of whether the incoming administration may consider some level of forgiveness of the debt. Read More...",43,42,5,32,5,0,0,0,1,0.880952,0.000000,0.119048,0.880952,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-11-24-US-EEP-Student-Debt-Forgiveness.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Political economy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.800000,0.090000,0.000000,0.000000,0.910000,0.000000,0.910000,0.000000
us-student-debt-forgiveness__question-c,us__student-debt-forgiveness,Student Debt Forgiveness,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/student-debt-forgiveness/,US,2020-11-24,Education & Skills; Social Policy & Society,Question C,Extension of the suspension of payments on student loans after the end of the year would support the recovery more effectively than devoting equivalent resources to general income-based transfer payments.,"The total value of outstanding student loans in the United States currently stands at over $1.6 trillion . During the coronavirus crisis, federal student loan payments have been suspended to the end of the calendar year. Following the presidential election, there have been wider discussions of whether the incoming administration may consider some level of forgiveness of the debt. Read More...",43,41,0,2,17,21,1,1,1,0.048780,0.536585,0.414634,-0.487805,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.048780,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-11-24-US-EEP-Student-Debt-Forgiveness.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Political economy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.050000,0.370000,0.550000,0.030000,0.050000,0.580000,-0.530000,0.050000
us-monetary-policy__question-a,us__monetary-policy,Monetary Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/monetary-policy/,US,2011-09-29,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"All else equal, the Fed's new plan to increase the maturity of its Treasury holdings will boost expected real GDP growth for calendar year 2012 by at least one percentage point.",,41,36,0,0,14,15,7,3,2,0.000000,0.611111,0.388889,-0.611111,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-09-29-US-EEP-Monetary-Policy.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.000000,0.200000,0.470000,0.340000,0.000000,0.810000,-0.810000,0.000000
us-taxes__question-a,us__taxes,Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/taxes/,US,2011-10-06,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"All else equal, permanently raising the federal marginal tax rate on ordinary income by 1 percentage point for those in the top (i.e., currently 35%) tax bracket would increase federal tax revenue over the next 10 years.",,41,39,18,20,1,0,0,0,2,0.974359,0.000000,0.025641,0.974359,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-10-06-US-EEP-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation,source,0.90,0.520000,0.470000,0.010000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
us-taxes__question-b,us__taxes,Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/taxes/,US,2011-10-06,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,The cumulative budget shortfalls in the US over the next 10 years can be reduced by half (or more) purely by increasing the federal marginal tax rate on ordinary income for those in the top tax bracket.,,41,37,0,1,8,19,9,2,2,0.027027,0.756757,0.216216,-0.729730,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.027027,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-10-06-US-EEP-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.030000,0.140000,0.540000,0.300000,0.030000,0.840000,-0.810000,0.030000
us-exchange-rates__question-a,us__exchange-rates,Exchange Rates,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/exchange-rates/,US,2011-10-21,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,The Chinese government pursues policies that keep the renminbi's exchange rate vis à vis the dollar lower than it would be if the currency floated without those policies.,,41,38,12,22,4,0,0,3,0,0.894737,0.000000,0.105263,0.894737,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-10-21-US-EEP-Exchange-Rates.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.430000,0.520000,0.050000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
us-education__question-a,us__education,Education,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/education/,US,2011-10-17,Education & Skills; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"Public school students would receive a higher quality education if they all had the option of taking the government money (local, state, federal) currently being spent on their own education and turning that money into vouchers that they could use towards covering the costs of any private school or public school of their choice (e.g. charter schools).",,41,38,3,12,15,7,1,0,3,0.394737,0.210526,0.394737,0.184211,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.210526,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-10-17-US-EEP-Education.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.100000,0.310000,0.350000,0.200000,0.030000,0.410000,0.230000,0.180000,0.230000
us-stock-prices__question-a,us__stock-prices,Stock Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stock-prices/,US,2011-10-31,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,"Unless they have inside information, very few investors, if any, can consistently make accurate predictions about whether the price of an individual stock will rise or fall on a given day.",,40,38,22,16,0,0,0,0,2,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-10-31-US-EEP-Stock-Prices.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.640000,0.360000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-stock-prices__question-b,us__stock-prices,Stock Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stock-prices/,US,2011-10-31,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,"Plausible expectations of future dividends, discounted using a plausible risk-adjusted interest rate, explain well the level of stock prices for recently listed internet businesses in 1999.",,40,36,0,0,6,19,11,2,2,0.000000,0.833333,0.166667,-0.833333,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-10-31-US-EEP-Stock-Prices.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.000000,0.150000,0.490000,0.370000,0.000000,0.860000,-0.860000,0.000000
us-tax-reform__question-a,us__tax-reform,Tax Reform,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tax-reform/,US,2011-11-07,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"Eliminating tax deductions for non-investment personal interest expenses (e.g., on mortgages), with reductions in personal tax rates that are both budget neutral and keep the burden of taxes by income group the same, would lead to more efficient financing decisions by individuals.",,40,38,12,22,2,2,0,0,2,0.894737,0.052632,0.052632,0.842105,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.052632,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-11-07-US-EEP-Tax-Reform.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.390000,0.510000,0.030000,0.070000,0.000000,0.900000,0.070000,0.830000,0.070000
us-tax-reform__question-b,us__tax-reform,Tax Reform,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tax-reform/,US,2011-11-07,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"Reducing the deductibility of interest expenses for non-financial businesses to equalize the overall tax cost of debt and equity financing, while using the extra revenue to reduce personal and corporate tax rates in a budget neutral fashion that also keeps the burden of taxes the same, would lead to more efficient financing decisions by firms.",,40,34,10,16,8,0,0,4,2,0.764706,0.000000,0.235294,0.764706,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-11-07-US-EEP-Tax-Reform.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.400000,0.450000,0.160000,0.000000,0.000000,0.850000,0.000000,0.850000,0.000000
us-buy-american__question-a,us__buy-american,Buy American,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/buy-american/,US,2011-11-15,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,"Federal mandates that government purchases should be “buy American” unless there are exceptional circumstances, such as in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, have a significant positive impact on U.S. manufacturing employment.",,41,33,0,4,9,16,4,2,6,0.121212,0.606061,0.272727,-0.484848,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.121212,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-11-15-US-EEP-Buy-American.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.000000,0.100000,0.240000,0.490000,0.180000,0.100000,0.670000,-0.570000,0.100000
us-healthcare__question-a,us__healthcare,Healthcare,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/healthcare/,US,2011-11-21,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,There are no consequential distortions created by the tax preference that favors obtaining health insurance through employers.,,41,41,0,0,2,16,23,0,0,0.000000,0.951220,0.048780,-0.951220,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-11-21-US-EEP-Healthcare.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.000000,0.030000,0.340000,0.630000,0.000000,0.970000,-0.970000,0.000000
us-italys-debt__question-a,us__italys-debt,Italy’s Debt,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/italys-debt/,US,2011-12-05,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"Credible assumptions for inflation, GDP growth and primary budget deficits in Italy imply that either the Debt-to-GDP ratio in Italy would increase sharply if Italian interest rates on 10-year government debt remained at the November 30 level of around 7 percent or Italy would lose access to the bond market.",,41,23,5,16,2,0,0,12,6,0.913043,0.000000,0.086957,0.913043,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-12-05-US-EEP-Italys-Debt.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation,source,0.90,0.340000,0.620000,0.040000,0.000000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000
us-italys-debt__question-b,us__italys-debt,Italy’s Debt,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/italys-debt/,US,2011-12-05,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,"Absent outside help to deal with runs, such as a pledge of fiscal support from Germany or an unlimited commitment by the ECB to buy bonds, there is no spending-and-tax plan Italy can announce that would be credible enough to hold its interest rates low enough to stabilize its Debt-to-GDP ratio.",,41,26,0,16,6,3,1,9,6,0.615385,0.153846,0.230769,0.461538,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.153846,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-12-05-US-EEP-Italys-Debt.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.700000,0.130000,0.100000,0.070000,0.700000,0.170000,0.530000,0.170000
us-drug-use-policies__question-a,us__drug-use-policies,Drug Use Policies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/drug-use-policies/,US,2011-12-12,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"All else equal, making drugs illegal raises street prices for those drugs because suppliers require extra compensation for the risk of incarceration and other punishments.",,41,38,20,18,0,0,0,0,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-12-12-US-EEP-Drug-Use-Policies.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.610000,0.390000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-drug-use-policies__question-b,us__drug-use-policies,Drug Use Policies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/drug-use-policies/,US,2011-12-12,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Social Policy & Society",Question B,The Netherlands restrictions on “soft drugs” combined with a moderate tax aimed at deterring their consumption would have lower social costs than continuing to prohibit use of those drugs as in the US. (Click here for a summary of the Netherlands restrictions.),,41,36,9,16,10,1,0,2,3,0.694444,0.027778,0.277778,0.666667,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.027778,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-12-12-US-EEP-Drug-Use-Policies.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.350000,0.440000,0.200000,0.020000,0.000000,0.790000,0.020000,0.770000,0.020000
us-carbon-tax__question-a,us__carbon-tax,Carbon Tax,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/carbon-tax/,US,2011-12-20,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,A tax on the carbon content of fuels would be a less expensive way to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions than would a collection of policies such as “corporate average fuel economy” requirements for automobiles.,,41,40,21,16,2,1,0,0,1,0.925000,0.025000,0.050000,0.900000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-12-20-US-EEP-Carbon-Tax.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.590000,0.350000,0.040000,0.020000,0.000000,0.940000,0.020000,0.920000,0.020000
us-gold-standard__question-a,us__gold-standard,Gold Standard,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/gold-standard/,US,2012-01-12,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"If the US replaced its discretionary monetary policy regime with a gold standard, defining a ""dollar"" as a specific number of ounces of gold, the price-stability and employment outcomes would be better for the average American.",,40,37,0,0,0,16,21,0,3,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,-1.000000,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-01-12-US-EEP-Gold-Standard.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.340000,0.660000,0.000000,1.000000,-1.000000,0.000000
us-gold-standard__question-b,us__gold-standard,Gold Standard,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/gold-standard/,US,2012-01-12,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,There are many factors besides US inflation risk that influence the current dollar price of gold.,,40,36,27,9,0,0,0,1,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-01-12-US-EEP-Gold-Standard.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.780000,0.220000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-inequality-and-skills__question-a,us__inequality-and-skills,Inequality and Skills,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-and-skills/,US,2012-01-24,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,One of the leading reasons for rising U.S. income inequality over the past three decades is that technological change has affected workers with some skill sets differently than others.,,41,39,11,22,4,2,0,0,2,0.846154,0.051282,0.102564,0.794872,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.051282,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-01-24-US-EEP-Inequality-and-Skills.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.340000,0.540000,0.080000,0.040000,0.000000,0.880000,0.040000,0.840000,0.040000
us-executive-pay__question-a,us__executive-pay,Executive Pay,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/executive-pay/,US,2012-01-31,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,The typical chief executive officer of a publicly traded corporation in the U.S. is paid more than his or her marginal contribution to the firm's value.,,41,29,0,13,13,3,0,4,8,0.448276,0.103448,0.448276,0.344828,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.103448,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-01-31-US-EEP-Executive-Pay.csv,mixed,,Labor markets,source,0.90,0.000000,0.510000,0.390000,0.100000,0.000000,0.510000,0.100000,0.410000,0.100000
us-executive-pay__question-b,us__executive-pay,Executive Pay,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/executive-pay/,US,2012-01-31,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,Mandating that U.S. publicly listed corporations must allow shareholders to cast a non-binding vote on executive compensation was a good idea.,,41,30,1,18,8,3,0,3,8,0.633333,0.100000,0.266667,0.533333,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-01-31-US-EEP-Executive-Pay.csv,mixed,,Labor markets,source,0.90,0.060000,0.600000,0.200000,0.140000,0.000000,0.660000,0.140000,0.520000,0.140000
us-economic-stimulus__question-a,us__economic-stimulus,Economic Stimulus,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-stimulus/,US,2012-02-15,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"Because of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, the U.S. unemployment rate was lower at the end of 2010 than it would have been without the stimulus bill.",,41,36,12,21,1,1,1,0,5,0.916667,0.055556,0.027778,0.861111,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.055556,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-02-15-US-EEP-Economic-Stimulus.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.400000,0.530000,0.020000,0.020000,0.020000,0.930000,0.040000,0.890000,0.040000
us-economic-stimulus__question-b,us__economic-stimulus,Economic Stimulus,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-stimulus/,US,2012-02-15,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"Taking into account all of the ARRA’s economic consequences — including the economic costs of raising taxes to pay for the spending, its effects on future spending, and any other likely future effects — the benefits of the stimulus will end up exceeding its costs.",,41,35,5,14,11,2,3,1,5,0.542857,0.142857,0.314286,0.400000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.142857,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-02-15-US-EEP-Economic-Stimulus.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.210000,0.390000,0.260000,0.050000,0.090000,0.600000,0.140000,0.460000,0.140000
us-short-selling__question-a,us__short-selling,Short Selling,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/short-selling/,US,2012-02-20,"Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"Bans on the short selling of financial securities, such as stocks and government bonds, lead to prices that are further, on average, from their fundamental values.",,41,34,5,20,9,0,0,2,5,0.735294,0.000000,0.264706,0.735294,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-02-20-US-EEP-Short-Selling.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.260000,0.560000,0.190000,0.000000,0.000000,0.820000,0.000000,0.820000,0.000000
us-health-care-licensing__question-a,us__health-care-licensing,Health-Care Licensing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/health-care-licensing/,US,2012-02-29,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,"Loosening current licensing restrictions on the range of services that nurses, physician assistants, dental hygienists and pharmacists are permitted to perform would help patients on balance, because the additional safety risks would be small compared to the decreased costs in waiting time and fees.",,41,29,6,15,7,1,0,5,7,0.724138,0.034483,0.241379,0.689655,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.034483,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-02-29-US-EEP-Health-care-Licensing.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.320000,0.510000,0.130000,0.040000,0.000000,0.830000,0.040000,0.790000,0.040000
us-rent-control__question-a,us__rent-control,Rent Control,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/rent-control/,US,2012-02-07,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"Local ordinances that limit rent increases for some rental housing units, such as in New York and San Francisco, have had a positive impact over the past three decades on the amount and quality of broadly affordable rental housing in cities that have used them.",,41,37,0,1,3,20,13,1,3,0.027027,0.891892,0.081081,-0.864865,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.027027,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-02-07-US-EEP-Rent-Control.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.010000,0.040000,0.430000,0.520000,0.010000,0.950000,-0.940000,0.010000
us-online-sales-taxes__question-a,us__online-sales-taxes,Online Sales Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/online-sales-taxes/,US,2012-07-31,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,Subjecting online sales from out-of-state vendors to the same retail sales taxes imposed on in-state sales would raise more tax revenue in the states making this change while reducing the pro-online bias of current policy.,,40,28,12,16,0,0,0,1,11,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-07-31-US-EEP-Online-Sales-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.510000,0.490000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-healthcare-and-taxes__question-a,us__healthcare-and-taxes,Healthcare and Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/healthcare-and-taxes/,US,2012-07-18,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"Long run fiscal sustainability in the U.S. will require cuts in currently promised Medicare and Medicaid benefits and/or tax increases that include higher taxes on households with incomes below $250,000.",,40,32,16,12,4,0,0,1,7,0.875000,0.000000,0.125000,0.875000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-07-18-US-EEP-Healthcare-and-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.560000,0.350000,0.090000,0.000000,0.000000,0.910000,0.000000,0.910000,0.000000
us-europe__question-a,us__europe,Europe,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/europe/,US,2012-07-03,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,"Assuming that Germany eventually agrees to backstop the debt of southern European countries, the eurozone as a whole will be better off if that bailout is unconditional, rather than accompanied by the labor market reforms and future budget controls that Germany is demanding of countries in return.",,40,32,0,5,9,15,3,3,5,0.156250,0.562500,0.281250,-0.406250,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.156250,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-07-03-US-EEP-Europe.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.170000,0.220000,0.480000,0.130000,0.170000,0.610000,-0.440000,0.170000
us-europe__question-b,us__europe,Europe,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/europe/,US,2012-07-03,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,"If Germany fails to bail out the southern tier of Europe, its own economy will be hurt more — because of output and asset losses — than it would be by an unconditional bailout.",,40,32,0,12,16,4,0,3,5,0.375000,0.125000,0.500000,0.250000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.125000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-07-03-US-EEP-Europe.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.460000,0.350000,0.190000,0.000000,0.460000,0.190000,0.270000,0.190000
us-europe__question-c,us__europe,Europe,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/europe/,US,2012-07-03,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question C,The main reason other eurozone countries need to worry about Greek banks losing access to ECB support is because the ensuing chaos in Greece could trigger bank runs in peripheral countries.,,40,32,6,23,2,1,0,3,5,0.906250,0.031250,0.062500,0.875000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.031250,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-07-03-US-EEP-Europe.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.240000,0.660000,0.060000,0.040000,0.000000,0.900000,0.040000,0.860000,0.040000
us-college-tuition__question-a,us__college-tuition,College Tuition,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/college-tuition/,US,2012-06-12,"Education & Skills; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,An important reason why private college and university tuition has risen faster than the CPI during the past few decades is because competition for faculty members — whose potential earnings in other sectors have steadily improved — has driven up their pay faster than their productivity.,,40,30,2,13,8,6,1,4,6,0.500000,0.233333,0.266667,0.266667,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.233333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-06-12-US-EEP-College-Tuition.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.370000,0.250000,0.220000,0.050000,0.480000,0.270000,0.210000,0.270000
us-fiscal-cliff__question-a,us__fiscal-cliff,Fiscal Cliff,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fiscal-cliff/,US,2012-06-05,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"If the fiscal changes that are planned under current US law take place next year — including Bush era tax cuts expiring, Medicare payment rates to doctors being cut, the AMT applying to many more taxpayers, and automatic cuts in defense and non-defense discretionary spending kicking in — then US real GDP growth in 2013 will be lower than it would be under the CBO's alternative fiscal scenario , in which the above changes do not occur.",,40,33,12,17,3,1,0,1,6,0.878788,0.030303,0.090909,0.848485,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.030303,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-06-05-US-EEP-Fiscal-Cliff.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.480000,0.480000,0.030000,0.010000,0.000000,0.960000,0.010000,0.950000,0.010000
us-french-labor-policies__question-a,us__french-labor-policies,French Labor Policies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/french-labor-policies/,US,2012-05-08,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,"Reducing the minimum retirement age in France from 62 back to age 60, permanently, would reduce long-term French economic growth and substantially raise French debt relative to GDP over time.",,40,33,4,24,4,1,0,2,5,0.848485,0.030303,0.121212,0.818182,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.030303,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-05-08-US-EEP-French-Labor-Policies.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Fiscal policy; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.160000,0.700000,0.120000,0.020000,0.000000,0.860000,0.020000,0.840000,0.020000
us-french-labor-policies__question-b,us__french-labor-policies,French Labor Policies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/french-labor-policies/,US,2012-05-08,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,France’s overall employment is higher today because of the 35 hour work week than it would be without a limit on weekly hours.,,40,33,0,5,12,13,3,2,5,0.151515,0.484848,0.363636,-0.333333,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.151515,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-05-08-US-EEP-French-Labor-Policies.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Fiscal policy; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.120000,0.300000,0.440000,0.140000,0.120000,0.580000,-0.460000,0.120000
us-price-gouging__question-a,us__price-gouging,Price Gouging,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/price-gouging/,US,2012-05-02,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"Connecticut should pass its Senate Bill 60, which states that during a “severe weather event emergency, no person within the chain of distribution of consumer goods and services shall sell or offer to sell consumer goods or services for a price that is unconscionably excessive.”",,40,29,1,2,6,15,5,3,8,0.103448,0.689655,0.206897,-0.586207,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.103448,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-05-02-US-EEP-Price-Gouging.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Political economy,source,0.90,0.050000,0.020000,0.150000,0.530000,0.240000,0.070000,0.770000,-0.700000,0.070000
us-security-screening__question-a,us__security-screening,Security Screening,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/security-screening/,US,2012-04-23,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Transport",Question A,"The former head of the Transportation Security Administration is correct in arguing that randomizing airport “security procedures encountered by passengers (additional upper-torso pat-downs, a thorough bag search, a swab test of carry-ons, etc.), while not subjecting everyone to the full gamut"" would make it "" much harder for terrorists to learn how to evade security procedures .""",,40,31,4,11,11,3,2,9,0,0.483871,0.161290,0.354839,0.322581,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.161290,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-04-23-US-EEP-Security-Screening.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.200000,0.260000,0.280000,0.150000,0.110000,0.460000,0.260000,0.200000,0.260000
us-ticket-resale__question-a,us__ticket-resale,Ticket Resale,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ticket-resale/,US,2012-04-16,,Question A,Laws that limit the resale of tickets for entertainment and sports events make potential audience members for those events worse off on average.,,40,35,7,20,5,2,1,2,3,0.771429,0.085714,0.142857,0.685714,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.085714,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-04-16-US-EEP-Ticket-Resale.csv,mixed,,Other,model_assigned,0.50,0.270000,0.530000,0.120000,0.050000,0.030000,0.800000,0.080000,0.720000,0.080000
us-fannie-and-freddie__question-a,us__fannie-and-freddie,Fannie and Freddie,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fannie-and-freddie/,US,2012-04-09,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"Prior to the crisis, the benefits from the funding advantage that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had by virtue of perceived government support mostly went to their shareholders, rather than into substantially lower interest rates on residential mortgages.",,40,25,1,10,11,3,0,10,5,0.440000,0.120000,0.440000,0.320000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.120000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-04-09-US-EEP-Fannie-and-Freddie.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Political economy,source,0.90,0.070000,0.430000,0.390000,0.110000,0.000000,0.500000,0.110000,0.390000,0.110000
us-school-vouchers__question-a,us__school-vouchers,School Vouchers,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/school-vouchers/,US,2012-04-03,Education & Skills; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"If public school students had the option of taking the government money (local, state, federal) currently being spent on their own education and turning that money into vouchers that they could use towards covering the costs of any private school or public school of their choice (e.g. charter schools), most would be better off.",,41,34,2,16,14,2,0,1,6,0.529412,0.058824,0.411765,0.470588,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.058824,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-04-03-US-EEP-School-Vouchers.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.080000,0.460000,0.400000,0.060000,0.000000,0.540000,0.060000,0.480000,0.060000
us-school-vouchers__question-b,us__school-vouchers,School Vouchers,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/school-vouchers/,US,2012-04-03,Education & Skills; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,"The main drawback to allowing all public school students to take the government money (local, state, federal) currently being spent on their own education and turning that money into vouchers that they could use towards covering the costs of any private school or public school of their choice (e.g. charter schools) would be that some students would not make an active choice and would be left with much worse peers and a weaker school.",,41,34,3,21,5,5,0,1,6,0.705882,0.147059,0.147059,0.558824,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.147059,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-04-03-US-EEP-School-Vouchers.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.130000,0.650000,0.090000,0.120000,0.000000,0.780000,0.120000,0.660000,0.120000
us-too-big-to-fail__question-a,us__too-big-to-fail,Too Big to Fail,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/too-big-to-fail/,US,2012-03-28,"Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,The average size of the 19 financial firms that just completed the Federal Reserve stress tests (i.e. the CCAR) would be substantially smaller if they did not have implicit government support.,,41,31,3,10,14,4,0,8,2,0.419355,0.129032,0.451613,0.290323,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.129032,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-03-28-US-EEP-Too-Big-to-Fail.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.140000,0.400000,0.360000,0.100000,0.000000,0.540000,0.100000,0.440000,0.100000
us-too-big-to-fail__question-b,us__too-big-to-fail,Too Big to Fail,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/too-big-to-fail/,US,2012-03-28,"Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"The 19 financial firms that just completed the Federal Reserve stress tests (i.e. the CCAR) are big primarily because of economies of scale and scope, rather than because of implicit government support.",,41,31,0,7,22,2,0,8,2,0.225806,0.064516,0.709677,0.161290,Uncertain,Uncertain consensus,0.064516,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-03-28-US-EEP-Too-Big-to-Fail.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.220000,0.680000,0.100000,0.000000,0.220000,0.100000,0.120000,0.100000
us-gasoline-prices__question-a,us__gasoline-prices,Gasoline Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/gasoline-prices/,US,2012-03-19,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Changes in U.S. gasoline prices over the past 10 years have predominantly been due to market factors rather than U.S. federal economic or energy policies.,,41,39,18,18,3,0,0,0,2,0.923077,0.000000,0.076923,0.923077,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-03-19-US-EEP-Gasoline-Prices.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.520000,0.430000,0.050000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
us-free-trade__question-a,us__free-trade,Free Trade,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/free-trade/,US,2012-03-13,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,"Freer trade improves productive efficiency and offers consumers better choices, and in the long run these gains are much larger than any effects on employment.",,41,37,12,23,2,0,0,0,4,0.945946,0.000000,0.054054,0.945946,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-03-13-US-EEP-Free-Trade.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.390000,0.570000,0.040000,0.000000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000
us-free-trade__question-b,us__free-trade,Free Trade,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/free-trade/,US,2012-03-13,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,"On average, citizens of the U.S. have been better off with the North American Free Trade Agreement than they would have been if the trade rules for the U.S., Canada and Mexico prior to NAFTA had remained in place.",,41,37,9,26,2,0,0,0,4,0.945946,0.000000,0.054054,0.945946,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-03-13-US-EEP-Free-Trade.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.310000,0.670000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
us-bank-bailouts__question-a,us__bank-bailouts,Bank Bailouts,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bank-bailouts/,US,2012-03-06,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,"Because the U.S. Treasury bailed out and backstopped banks (by injecting equity into them in late 2008, and later committing to provide public capital to any banks that failed the stress tests and could not raise private capital), the U.S. unemployment rate was lower at the end of 2010 than it would have been without these measures.",,41,35,11,21,3,0,0,0,6,0.914286,0.000000,0.085714,0.914286,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-03-06-US-EEP-Bank-Bailouts.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.430000,0.520000,0.040000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
us-china-us-trade__question-a,us__china-us-trade,China-US Trade,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/china-us-trade/,US,2012-06-19,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,"Trade with China makes most Americans better off because, among other advantages, they can buy goods that are made or assembled more cheaply in China.",,40,34,18,16,0,0,0,0,6,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-06-19-US-EEP-China-US-Trade.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.590000,0.410000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-china-us-trade__question-b,us__china-us-trade,China-US Trade,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/china-us-trade/,US,2012-06-19,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,"Some Americans who work in the production of competing goods, such as clothing and furniture, are made worse off by trade with China.",,40,34,13,20,1,0,0,0,6,0.970588,0.000000,0.029412,0.970588,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-06-19-US-EEP-China-US-Trade.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.450000,0.510000,0.040000,0.000000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000
us-laffer-curve__question-a,us__laffer-curve,Laffer Curve,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/laffer-curve/,US,2012-06-26,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,A cut in federal income tax rates in the US right now would lead to higher GDP within five years than without the tax cut.,,40,31,0,14,14,2,1,2,7,0.451613,0.096774,0.451613,0.354839,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.096774,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-06-26-US-EEP-Laffer-Curve.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.430000,0.480000,0.070000,0.020000,0.430000,0.090000,0.340000,0.090000
us-laffer-curve__question-b,us__laffer-curve,Laffer Curve,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/laffer-curve/,US,2012-06-26,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,A cut in federal income tax rates in the US right now would raise taxable income enough so that the annual total tax revenue would be higher within five years than without the tax cut.,,40,31,0,0,3,13,15,2,7,0.000000,0.903226,0.096774,-0.903226,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-06-26-US-EEP-Laffer-Curve.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.000000,0.040000,0.390000,0.570000,0.000000,0.960000,-0.960000,0.000000
us-student-loans__question-a,us__student-loans,Student Loans,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/student-loans/,US,2012-08-21,Education & Skills; Social Policy & Society,Question A,Loans to students attending for-profit colleges are especially risky because students attending them have had default rates that greatly exceed those for comparable students attending public and non-profit private institutions.,,39,25,4,15,4,2,0,8,6,0.760000,0.080000,0.160000,0.680000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.080000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-08-21-US-EEP-Student-Loans.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Political economy,source,0.90,0.240000,0.580000,0.090000,0.090000,0.000000,0.820000,0.090000,0.730000,0.090000
us-student-loans__question-b,us__student-loans,Student Loans,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/student-loans/,US,2012-08-21,Education & Skills; Social Policy & Society,Question B,Rules that tie each college's eligibility for federal student loans to its students' graduation rates and post-schooling employment outcomes would better protect taxpayers from losses on student loans.,,39,29,4,19,5,1,0,4,6,0.793103,0.034483,0.172414,0.758621,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.034483,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-08-21-US-EEP-Student-Loans.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Political economy,source,0.90,0.190000,0.690000,0.100000,0.020000,0.000000,0.880000,0.020000,0.860000,0.020000
us-european-debt__question-a,us__european-debt,European Debt,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-debt/,US,2012-09-11,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking; Public Debt & Deficits",Question A,"Even if all the official-sector funding that Greece received from 2010 through August 2012 is written off, propping up Greece to buy time for the rest of Europe to prepare for Greek default has been better for citizens of the Eurozone outside of Greece than a policy that would have cut off funding sooner.",,39,25,1,5,14,5,0,8,6,0.240000,0.200000,0.560000,0.040000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.200000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-09-11-US-EEP-European-Debt.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.070000,0.300000,0.410000,0.220000,0.000000,0.370000,0.220000,0.150000,0.220000
us-european-debt__question-b,us__european-debt,European Debt,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-debt/,US,2012-09-11,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking; Public Debt & Deficits",Question B,"A substantial sovereign-debt default by some combination of Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain is a necessary condition for the euro area as a whole to grow at its pre-crisis trend rate over the next three years.",,39,26,1,6,11,7,1,7,6,0.269231,0.307692,0.423077,-0.038462,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.269231,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-09-11-US-EEP-European-Debt.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.060000,0.270000,0.300000,0.290000,0.070000,0.330000,0.360000,-0.030000,0.330000
us-european-debt__question-c,us__european-debt,European Debt,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-debt/,US,2012-09-11,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking; Public Debt & Deficits",Question C,"Unless there is a substantial default by some combination of Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain on their sovereign debt and commercial bank debt, plus credible reforms to prevent excessive borrowing in the future, the euro area is headed for a costly financial meltdown and a prolonged recession.",,39,26,2,7,11,5,1,7,6,0.346154,0.230769,0.423077,0.115385,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.230769,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-09-11-US-EEP-European-Debt.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.150000,0.220000,0.330000,0.220000,0.080000,0.370000,0.300000,0.070000,0.300000
us-ethanol__question-a,us__ethanol,Ethanol,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ethanol/,US,2012-09-19,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,Ethanol content requirements and protectionism against imported ethanol (which includes fuel from sugarcane) raise food prices without significantly reducing carbon-dioxide emissions.,,39,32,11,17,4,0,0,3,4,0.875000,0.000000,0.125000,0.875000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-19-09-US-EEP-Ethanol.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.450000,0.480000,0.070000,0.000000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000
us-ethanol__question-b,us__ethanol,Ethanol,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ethanol/,US,2012-09-19,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,"A direct disincentive to emit carbon-dioxide, for example through a carbon tax or an emissions permit market, is more efficient than requiring the use of corn-based ethanol fuels.",,39,35,24,11,0,0,0,0,4,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-19-09-US-EEP-Ethanol.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.760000,0.240000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-qe3__question-a,us__qe3,QE3,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/qe3/,US,2012-09-25,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"Even if the third round of quantitative easing that the Fed recently announced increases real GDP growth over the next two years, the increase will be inconsequential.",,39,28,2,8,12,6,0,6,5,0.357143,0.214286,0.428571,0.142857,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.214286,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-09-25-US-EEP-QE3.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.070000,0.330000,0.330000,0.270000,0.000000,0.400000,0.270000,0.130000,0.270000
us-qe3__question-b,us__qe3,QE3,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/qe3/,US,2012-09-25,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,"Even if the third round of quantitative easing that the Fed recently announced increases annual consumer price inflation over the next five years, the increase will be inconsequential.",,39,30,3,13,9,5,0,4,5,0.533333,0.166667,0.300000,0.366667,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.166667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-09-25-US-EEP-QE3.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.160000,0.410000,0.270000,0.160000,0.000000,0.570000,0.160000,0.410000,0.160000
us-qe3__question-c,us__qe3,QE3,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/qe3/,US,2012-09-25,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question C,"Even if inflationary pressures rise substantially as a result of quantitative easing and low interest rates, the Federal Reserve has ample tools to rein inflation back in if it chooses to do so.",,39,30,5,17,5,3,0,4,5,0.733333,0.100000,0.166667,0.633333,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-09-25-US-EEP-QE3.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.270000,0.470000,0.150000,0.100000,0.000000,0.740000,0.100000,0.640000,0.100000
us-taxing-capital-and-labor__question-a,us__taxing-capital-and-labor,Taxing Capital and Labor,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/taxing-capital-and-labor/,US,2012-10-09,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"One drawback of taxing capital income at a lower rate than labor income is that it gives people incentives to relabel income that policymakers find hard to categorize as ""capital"" rather than labor"".",,39,31,15,14,1,1,0,1,7,0.935484,0.032258,0.032258,0.903226,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.032258,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-10-09-US-EEP-Taxing-Capital-and-Labor.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.590000,0.370000,0.010000,0.030000,0.000000,0.960000,0.030000,0.930000,0.030000
us-taxing-capital-and-labor__question-b,us__taxing-capital-and-labor,Taxing Capital and Labor,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/taxing-capital-and-labor/,US,2012-10-09,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"Despite relabeling concerns, taxing capital income at a permanently lower rate than labor income would result in higher average long-term prosperity, relative to an alternative that generated the same amount of tax revenue by permanently taxing capital and labor income at equal rates instead.",,39,31,2,12,12,4,1,1,7,0.451613,0.161290,0.387097,0.290323,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.161290,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-10-09-US-EEP-Taxing-Capital-and-Labor.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.120000,0.340000,0.330000,0.160000,0.050000,0.460000,0.210000,0.250000,0.210000
us-taxing-capital-and-labor__question-c,us__taxing-capital-and-labor,Taxing Capital and Labor,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/taxing-capital-and-labor/,US,2012-10-09,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,"Although they do not always agree about the precise likely effects of different tax policies, another reason why economists often give disparate advice on tax policy is because they hold differing views about choices between raising average prosperity and redistributing income.",,39,30,8,21,1,0,0,2,7,0.966667,0.000000,0.033333,0.966667,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-10-09-US-EEP-Taxing-Capital-and-Labor.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.300000,0.680000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
us-economic-stimulus-revisited__question-a,us__economic-stimulus-revisited,Economic Stimulus (revisited),https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-stimulus-revisited/,US,2014-07-29,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"Because of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, the U.S. unemployment rate was lower at the end of 2010 than it would have been without the stimulus bill. (The experts panel previously voted on this question on February 15, 2012. Those earlier results can be found here .)",,44,37,17,19,0,1,0,0,7,0.972973,0.027027,0.000000,0.945946,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.027027,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-07-29-US-EEP-Economic-Stimulus-revisited.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.530000,0.440000,0.000000,0.030000,0.000000,0.970000,0.030000,0.940000,0.030000
us-economic-stimulus-revisited__question-b,us__economic-stimulus-revisited,Economic Stimulus (revisited),https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-stimulus-revisited/,US,2014-07-29,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"Taking into account all of the ARRA’s economic consequences — including the economic costs of raising taxes to pay for the spending, its effects on future spending, and any other likely future effects — the benefits of the stimulus will end up exceeding its costs. (The experts panel previously voted on this question on February 15, 2012. Those earlier results can be found here.)",,44,37,9,16,10,2,0,0,7,0.675676,0.054054,0.270270,0.621622,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.054054,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-07-29-US-EEP-Economic-Stimulus-revisited.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.320000,0.430000,0.190000,0.060000,0.000000,0.750000,0.060000,0.690000,0.060000
us-economic-policy-advice__question-a,us__economic-policy-advice,Economic Policy Advice,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-policy-advice/,US,2016-12-21,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,The Council of Economic Advisors is likely to give the US president better policy advice if the Chair and Members of the CEA have published peer-reviewed economics research.,,42,35,13,17,5,0,0,2,5,0.857143,0.000000,0.142857,0.857143,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-12-21-US-EEP-Economic-Policy-Advice.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.450000,0.500000,0.060000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
us-trump-and-share-prices__question-a,us__trump-and-share-prices,Trump and Share Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trump-and-share-prices/,US,2017-01-17,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,US share prices have risen since Donald Trump’s election victory at least partly because the policies he seems poised to implement are likely to increase US after-tax corporate profits.,,42,33,7,19,7,0,0,2,7,0.787879,0.000000,0.212121,0.787879,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-01-17-US-EEP-Trump-and-Share-Prices.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Banking; Financial regulation; Taxation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.270000,0.580000,0.150000,0.000000,0.000000,0.850000,0.000000,0.850000,0.000000
us-trump-and-share-prices__question-b,us__trump-and-share-prices,Trump and Share Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trump-and-share-prices/,US,2017-01-17,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,US share prices have risen since Donald Trump’s election victory at least partly because the policies he seems poised to implement are likely to increase US real GDP growth.,,42,33,0,4,15,14,0,2,7,0.121212,0.424242,0.454545,-0.303030,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.121212,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-01-17-US-EEP-Trump-and-Share-Prices.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Banking; Financial regulation; Taxation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.160000,0.460000,0.380000,0.000000,0.160000,0.380000,-0.220000,0.160000
us-sports-stadiums__question-a,us__sports-stadiums,Sports Stadiums,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sports-stadiums/,US,2017-01-31,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Social Policy & Society",Question A,Providing state and local subsidies to build stadiums for professional sports teams is likely to cost the relevant taxpayers more than any local economic benefits that are generated.,,42,30,5,19,5,1,0,4,8,0.800000,0.033333,0.166667,0.766667,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.033333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-01-31-US-EEP-Sports-Stadiums.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Political economy,source,0.90,0.260000,0.570000,0.110000,0.040000,0.000000,0.830000,0.040000,0.790000,0.040000
us-high-skilled-immigrant-visas__question-a,us__high-skilled-immigrant-visas,High-Skilled Immigrant Visas,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/high-skilled-immigrant-visas/,US,2017-02-14,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Migration",Question A,"If the US significantly lowers the number of H-1B visas now, expected US tax revenues will rise materially over the next four years.",,42,37,0,0,3,19,15,0,5,0.000000,0.918919,0.081081,-0.918919,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-02-14-US-EEP-High-skilled-Immigrant-Visas.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Immigration; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.000000,0.050000,0.460000,0.490000,0.000000,0.950000,-0.950000,0.000000
us-high-skilled-immigrant-visas__question-b,us__high-skilled-immigrant-visas,High-Skilled Immigrant Visas,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/high-skilled-immigrant-visas/,US,2017-02-14,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Migration",Question B,"If the US significantly lowers the number of H-1B visas now, employment for American workers will rise materially over the next four years.",,42,35,0,0,8,17,10,2,5,0.000000,0.771429,0.228571,-0.771429,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-02-14-US-EEP-High-skilled-Immigrant-Visas.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Immigration; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.000000,0.190000,0.450000,0.360000,0.000000,0.810000,-0.810000,0.000000
us-border-adjustment-tax__question-a,us__border-adjustment-tax,Border Adjustment Tax,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/border-adjustment-tax/,US,2017-04-12,International Trade & Exchange Rates; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"Implementing a ""destination based cash flow tax (including border adjustment )"" of the type advocated by Speaker Ryan would substantially reduce the US trade deficit within the next few years.",,42,28,0,4,12,10,2,3,11,0.142857,0.428571,0.428571,-0.285714,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.142857,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-04-12-US-EEP-Border-Adjustment-Tax.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.110000,0.460000,0.350000,0.080000,0.110000,0.430000,-0.320000,0.110000
us-border-adjustment-tax__question-b,us__border-adjustment-tax,Border Adjustment Tax,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/border-adjustment-tax/,US,2017-04-12,International Trade & Exchange Rates; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,Implementing a “destination based cash flow tax (including border adjustment )” of the type advocated by Speaker Ryan would substantially raise prices for US consumers.,,42,27,1,9,10,7,0,4,11,0.370370,0.259259,0.370370,0.111111,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.259259,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-04-12-US-EEP-Border-Adjustment-Tax.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.070000,0.330000,0.400000,0.190000,0.000000,0.400000,0.190000,0.210000,0.190000
us-tax-reforms__question-a,us__tax-reforms,Tax Reforms,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tax-reforms/,US,2017-05-02,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"Since 1980, whenever substantial growth effects have been required to make a tax reform plan revenue neutral, the actual outcome has invariably been a fall in tax revenue as a share of GDP.",,42,34,12,18,4,0,0,3,5,0.882353,0.000000,0.117647,0.882353,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-05-02-US-EEP-Tax-Reforms.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.440000,0.530000,0.030000,0.000000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000
us-tax-reforms__question-b,us__tax-reforms,Tax Reforms,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tax-reforms/,US,2017-05-02,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,The tax reform plan proposed by President Trump this week would likely pay for itself through higher economic growth.,,42,37,2,0,0,7,28,0,5,0.054054,0.945946,0.000000,-0.891892,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.054054,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-05-02-US-EEP-Tax-Reforms.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.060000,0.000000,0.000000,0.120000,0.820000,0.060000,0.940000,-0.880000,0.060000
us-baumols-cost-disease__question-a,us__baumols-cost-disease,Baumol’s Cost Disease,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/baumols-cost-disease/,US,2017-05-16,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"Because labor markets across different sectors are connected, rising productivity in manufacturing leads the cost of labor-intensive services — such as education and health care — to rise.",,42,30,9,16,4,1,0,2,10,0.833333,0.033333,0.133333,0.800000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.033333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-05-16-US-EEP-Baumols-Cost-Disease.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Political economy; Labor markets; Education; Healthcare,mixed,0.80,0.380000,0.500000,0.090000,0.040000,0.000000,0.880000,0.040000,0.840000,0.040000
us-infrastructure-spending__question-a,us__infrastructure-spending,Infrastructure Spending,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/infrastructure-spending/,US,2017-06-06,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Transport",Question A,"The US should increase spending now on roads, railways, bridges and airports (including new projects, maintenance or both).",,42,38,12,21,4,1,0,0,4,0.868421,0.026316,0.105263,0.842105,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-06-06-US-EEP-Infrastructure-Spending.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Taxation; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.370000,0.520000,0.090000,0.030000,0.000000,0.890000,0.030000,0.860000,0.030000
us-infrastructure-spending__question-b,us__infrastructure-spending,Infrastructure Spending,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/infrastructure-spending/,US,2017-06-06,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Transport",Question B,"The advisability of increasing federal spending on roads, railways, bridges and airports is independent of whether the US also enacts tax cuts that substantially lower revenues.",,42,38,2,6,11,19,0,0,4,0.210526,0.500000,0.289474,-0.289474,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.210526,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-06-06-US-EEP-Infrastructure-Spending.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Taxation; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.060000,0.180000,0.290000,0.470000,0.000000,0.240000,0.470000,-0.230000,0.240000
us-inflation-target__question-a,us__inflation-target,Inflation Target,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation-target/,US,2017-07-11,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"If the Fed changed its inflation target from 2% to 4%, the long-run costs of inflation for households would be essentially unchanged.",,42,33,0,10,7,16,0,4,5,0.303030,0.484848,0.212121,-0.181818,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.303030,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-07-11-US-EEP-Inflation-Target.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.290000,0.200000,0.510000,0.000000,0.290000,0.510000,-0.220000,0.290000
us-inflation-target__question-b,us__inflation-target,Inflation Target,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation-target/,US,2017-07-11,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,Raising the inflation target to 4% would make it possible for the Fed to lower rates by a greater amount in a future recession.,,42,32,5,22,2,3,0,5,5,0.843750,0.093750,0.062500,0.750000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.093750,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-07-11-US-EEP-Inflation-Target.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.190000,0.670000,0.040000,0.100000,0.000000,0.860000,0.100000,0.760000,0.100000
us-deficits__question-a,us__deficits,Deficits,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/deficits/,US,2017-06-21,International Trade & Exchange Rates; Public Debt & Deficits,Question A,"If the US reduced its fiscal deficit, then its trade deficit would also shrink.",,42,27,0,14,12,1,0,4,11,0.518519,0.037037,0.444444,0.481481,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.037037,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-06-21-US-EEP-Deficits.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.570000,0.370000,0.060000,0.000000,0.570000,0.060000,0.510000,0.060000
us-balanced-budget-amendment__question-a,us__balanced-budget-amendment,Balanced Budget Amendment,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/balanced-budget-amendment/,US,2017-11-07,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Public Debt & Deficits",Question A,Amending the Constitution to require that the federal government end each fiscal year without a deficit would substantially reduce output variability in the United States.,,42,38,0,1,1,14,22,0,4,0.026316,0.947368,0.026316,-0.921053,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-11-07-US-EEP-Balanced-Budget-Amendment.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Fiscal policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.010000,0.000000,0.290000,0.700000,0.010000,0.990000,-0.980000,0.010000
us-balanced-budget-amendment__question-b,us__balanced-budget-amendment,Balanced Budget Amendment,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/balanced-budget-amendment/,US,2017-11-07,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Public Debt & Deficits",Question B,Amending the Constitution to require that the federal government end each fiscal year without a deficit would substantially lower the cost of borrowing for the federal government.,,42,36,1,7,12,11,5,2,4,0.222222,0.444444,0.333333,-0.222222,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.222222,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-11-07-US-EEP-Balanced-Budget-Amendment.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Fiscal policy,source,0.90,0.040000,0.180000,0.250000,0.330000,0.200000,0.220000,0.530000,-0.310000,0.220000
us-tax-reform-2__question-a,us__tax-reform-2,Tax Reform,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tax-reform-2/,US,2017-11-21,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,If the US enacts a tax bill similar to those currently moving through the House and Senate — and assuming no other changes in tax or spending policy — US GDP will be substantially higher a decade from now than under the status quo.,,42,38,0,1,15,14,8,0,4,0.026316,0.578947,0.394737,-0.552632,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-11-21-US-EEP-Tax-Reform.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.020000,0.340000,0.380000,0.260000,0.020000,0.640000,-0.620000,0.020000
us-tax-reform-2__question-b,us__tax-reform-2,Tax Reform,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tax-reform-2/,US,2017-11-21,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,If the US enacts a tax bill similar to those currently moving through the House and Senate — and assuming no other changes in tax or spending policy — the US debt-to-GDP ratio will be substantially higher a decade from now than under the status quo.,,42,38,19,18,1,0,0,0,4,0.973684,0.000000,0.026316,0.973684,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-11-21-US-EEP-Tax-Reform.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.560000,0.440000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-employment-and-the-us-economy__question-a,us__employment-and-the-us-economy,Employment and the US Economy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/employment-and-the-us-economy/,US,2017-12-06,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,The concept of “maximum sustainable employment” is well defined enough to be used beneficially in economic policymaking.,,42,34,1,16,10,7,0,3,5,0.500000,0.205882,0.294118,0.294118,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.205882,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-12-06-US-EEP-Employment-and-the-US-Economy.csv,mixed,,Labor markets,source,0.90,0.050000,0.500000,0.230000,0.220000,0.000000,0.550000,0.220000,0.330000,0.220000
us-employment-and-the-us-economy__question-b,us__employment-and-the-us-economy,Employment and the US Economy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/employment-and-the-us-economy/,US,2017-12-06,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,Right now the US economy is operating below maximum sustainable employment.,,42,30,2,7,16,5,0,7,5,0.300000,0.166667,0.533333,0.133333,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.166667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-12-06-US-EEP-Employment-and-the-US-Economy.csv,mixed,,Labor markets,source,0.90,0.100000,0.210000,0.480000,0.200000,0.000000,0.310000,0.200000,0.110000,0.200000
us-bitcoin-ii__question-a,us__bitcoin-ii,Bitcoin II,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bitcoin-ii/,US,2017-12-20,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,"A bitcoin has a fundamental value of at least $1,000.",,43,34,1,1,18,8,6,6,3,0.058824,0.411765,0.529412,-0.352941,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.058824,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-12-20-US-EEP-Bitcoin-II.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.060000,0.020000,0.430000,0.200000,0.290000,0.080000,0.490000,-0.410000,0.080000
us-bitcoin-ii__question-b,us__bitcoin-ii,Bitcoin II,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bitcoin-ii/,US,2017-12-20,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,The best forecast for the value of one bitcoin in 2 years is its current price.,,43,36,0,11,17,6,2,4,3,0.305556,0.222222,0.472222,0.083333,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.222222,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-12-20-US-EEP-Bitcoin-II.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.340000,0.350000,0.250000,0.060000,0.340000,0.310000,0.030000,0.310000
us-top-marginal-tax-rates__question-a,us__top-marginal-tax-rates,Top Marginal Tax Rates,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/top-marginal-tax-rates/,US,2019-01-16,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"Raising the top federal marginal tax on earned personal income to 70% (and holding the rest of the current tax code, including the top bracket definition, fixed) would raise substantially more revenue (federal and state, combined) without lowering economic activity.",,43,37,1,7,8,18,3,2,4,0.216216,0.567568,0.216216,-0.351351,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.216216,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-01-16-US-EEP-Top-Marginal-Tax-Rates.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.040000,0.170000,0.170000,0.520000,0.110000,0.210000,0.630000,-0.420000,0.210000
us-climate-change-policies__question-a,us__climate-change-policies,Climate Change Policies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/climate-change-policies/,US,2018-11-13,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question A,"Considering a broad range of costs and benefits is a better tool for guiding climate policy than setting temperature limits (such as 1.5 °C , eg) based on expected links between temperature increases and the extent of environmental harm.",,43,36,7,15,10,3,1,2,5,0.611111,0.111111,0.277778,0.500000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.111111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-11-13-US-EEP-Climate-Change-Policies.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade,mixed,0.80,0.250000,0.430000,0.230000,0.060000,0.030000,0.680000,0.090000,0.590000,0.090000
us-climate-change-policies__question-b,us__climate-change-policies,Climate Change Policies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/climate-change-policies/,US,2018-11-13,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question B,Carbon taxes are a better way to implement climate policy than cap-and-trade.,,43,36,7,18,11,0,0,2,5,0.694444,0.000000,0.305556,0.694444,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-11-13-US-EEP-Climate-Change-Policies.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade,mixed,0.80,0.260000,0.530000,0.210000,0.000000,0.000000,0.790000,0.000000,0.790000,0.000000
us-market-share-and-market-power__question-a,us__market-share-and-market-power,Market Share and Market Power,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/market-share-and-market-power/,US,2018-09-25,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"If a small number of firms have a large combined market share in a properly defined market, it is strong evidence that those firms have substantial market power.",,43,33,0,18,8,7,0,1,9,0.545455,0.212121,0.242424,0.333333,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.212121,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-09-25-US-EEP-Market-Share-and-Market-Power.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.540000,0.210000,0.250000,0.000000,0.540000,0.250000,0.290000,0.250000
us-trade-disruptions__question-a,us__trade-disruptions,Trade Disruptions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trade-disruptions/,US,2018-07-24,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,"Because global supply chains are more important now, import tariffs are likely substantially more costly than they would have been 25 years ago.",,43,37,9,24,4,0,0,1,5,0.891892,0.000000,0.108108,0.891892,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-07-24-US-EEP-Trade-Disruptions.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.330000,0.610000,0.060000,0.000000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000
us-the-ncaa__question-a,us__the-ncaa,The NCAA,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-ncaa/,US,2018-04-02,"Education & Skills; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"NCAA Division I schools coordinate compensation for men’s basketball and football players (precluding actual pay and limiting non-monetary benefits), providing rents to member schools (which may be shared with others) at the expense of those players.",,43,34,14,20,0,0,0,3,6,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-04-02-US-EEP-The-NCAA.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Antitrust/competition; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.510000,0.490000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-occupational-licensing-for-economists__question-a,us__occupational-licensing-for-economists,Occupational Licensing for Economists,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/occupational-licensing-for-economists/,US,2018-04-17,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Social Policy & Society",Question A,Restricting eligibility for senior government economic-policy posts by requiring a graduate degree in economics would reduce the chances for good public policy outcomes.,,43,34,1,7,10,14,2,1,8,0.235294,0.470588,0.294118,-0.235294,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.235294,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-04-17-US-EEP-Occupational-Licensing-for-Economists.csv,mixed,,Political economy,source,0.90,0.040000,0.190000,0.280000,0.420000,0.070000,0.230000,0.490000,-0.260000,0.230000
us-supplemental-nutritional-assistance-program__question-a,us__supplemental-nutritional-assistance-program,Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/supplemental-nutritional-assistance-program/,US,2018-03-02,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,"By providing electronic benefit cards to choose and buy groceries at stores, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program currently does more for its recipients' well-being than it would if the program directly provided a smaller array of foods to its recipients, while commensurately reducing the amount they could spend on groceries of their own choosing.",,43,35,10,19,5,1,0,1,7,0.828571,0.028571,0.142857,0.800000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.028571,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-03-02-US-EEP-Supplemental-Nutritional-Assistance.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.370000,0.470000,0.140000,0.020000,0.000000,0.840000,0.020000,0.820000,0.020000
us-supplemental-nutritional-assistance-program__question-b,us__supplemental-nutritional-assistance-program,Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/supplemental-nutritional-assistance-program/,US,2018-03-02,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question B,"By providing electronic benefit cards to choose and buy groceries at stores, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program currently does more to raise food security and reduce hunger than it would if the program directly provided a smaller array of foods to its recipients, while commensurately reducing the amount they could spend on groceries of their own choosing.",,43,35,7,17,9,2,0,1,7,0.685714,0.057143,0.257143,0.628571,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.057143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-03-02-US-EEP-Supplemental-Nutritional-Assistance.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.280000,0.480000,0.190000,0.050000,0.000000,0.760000,0.050000,0.710000,0.050000
us-missing-productivity-growth__question-a,us__missing-productivity-growth,Missing Productivity Growth,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/missing-productivity-growth/,US,2018-02-15,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"The biggest reason for the measured slowdown in US productivity growth since the mid-2000s is that productivity increases have gone mismeasured, including new and better products and services that have been insufficiently captured by real output data.",,43,35,0,3,16,13,3,3,5,0.085714,0.457143,0.457143,-0.371429,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.085714,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-02-15-US-EEP-Missing-Productivity-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.080000,0.380000,0.410000,0.130000,0.080000,0.540000,-0.460000,0.080000
us-the-dollar__question-a,us__the-dollar,The Dollar,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-dollar/,US,2018-01-30,Financial Markets & Banking; International Trade & Exchange Rates,Question A,"Because of the many special and unique roles that the dollar plays in global commerce, US citizens are substantially better off than they otherwise would be.",,43,38,8,19,6,5,0,2,3,0.710526,0.131579,0.157895,0.578947,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.131579,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-01-30-US-EEP-The-Dollar.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.280000,0.450000,0.110000,0.140000,0.000000,0.730000,0.140000,0.590000,0.140000
us-subsidies-to-attract-businesses__question-a,us__subsidies-to-attract-businesses,Subsidies to Attract Businesses,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/subsidies-to-attract-businesses/,US,2019-02-26,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"When local governments compete by offering subsidies to a firm that is willing to relocate, and shopping across multiple alternative areas, the firm typically captures most of value that is created via the relocation.",,42,35,1,19,13,2,0,1,6,0.571429,0.057143,0.371429,0.514286,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.057143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-02-26-US-EEP-Subsidies-to-Attract-Businesses.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy,source,0.90,0.020000,0.610000,0.290000,0.080000,0.000000,0.630000,0.080000,0.550000,0.080000
us-subsidies-to-attract-businesses__question-b,us__subsidies-to-attract-businesses,Subsidies to Attract Businesses,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/subsidies-to-attract-businesses/,US,2019-02-26,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,A federal prohibition against states and municipalities offering tax subsidies to attract specific businesses that are shopping across multiple areas to relocate would be welfare improving for the average taxpayer.,,42,35,3,14,11,7,0,1,6,0.485714,0.200000,0.314286,0.285714,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.200000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-02-26-US-EEP-Subsidies-to-Attract-Businesses.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy,source,0.90,0.150000,0.360000,0.260000,0.230000,0.000000,0.510000,0.230000,0.280000,0.230000
us-breaking-up-large-tech-companies__question-a,us__breaking-up-large-tech-companies,Breaking Up Large Tech Companies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/breaking-up-large-tech-companies/,US,2019-03-26,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Forcing Amazon to divest Whole Foods now would be in the public interest.,,41,30,0,3,11,13,3,3,8,0.100000,0.533333,0.366667,-0.433333,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-03-26-US-EEP-Breaking-Up-Large-Tech-Companies.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.120000,0.280000,0.460000,0.140000,0.120000,0.600000,-0.480000,0.120000
us-breaking-up-large-tech-companies__question-b,us__breaking-up-large-tech-companies,Breaking Up Large Tech Companies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/breaking-up-large-tech-companies/,US,2019-03-26,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,Acquisitions by large tech platforms where there are risks of anti-competitive effects like those posed by Amazon’s acquisition of Whole Foods should not be permitted.,,41,30,0,8,13,8,1,3,8,0.266667,0.300000,0.433333,-0.033333,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.266667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-03-26-US-EEP-Breaking-Up-Large-Tech-Companies.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.260000,0.380000,0.300000,0.060000,0.260000,0.360000,-0.100000,0.260000
us-breaking-up-large-tech-companies__question-c,us__breaking-up-large-tech-companies,Breaking Up Large Tech Companies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/breaking-up-large-tech-companies/,US,2019-03-26,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,"Large tech platforms, such as Amazon Marketplace and Google Search, should be designated as ‘platform utilities' and broken apart from any participant on that platform.",,41,29,1,9,10,8,1,4,8,0.344828,0.310345,0.344828,0.034483,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.310345,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-03-26-US-EEP-Breaking-Up-Large-Tech-Companies.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.050000,0.330000,0.250000,0.310000,0.060000,0.380000,0.370000,0.010000,0.370000
us-college-admissions__question-a,us__college-admissions,College Admissions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/college-admissions/,US,2019-04-30,"Education & Skills; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,The admission of children of alumni and donors at elite private colleges and universities crowds out applicants with greater academic potential.,The recent scandal of rich and famous people buying places for their children at elite colleges has led to a renewed public conversation about the system of legacy preference in admissions at many top US universities. We invited our US panel to express their views on the likely effects of legacies on potentially high-achieving applicants from less advantaged backgrounds and on wider society. Read More...,42,38,14,18,5,1,0,0,4,0.842105,0.026316,0.131579,0.815789,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-04-30-US-EEP-College-Admissions.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.430000,0.450000,0.090000,0.030000,0.000000,0.880000,0.030000,0.850000,0.030000
us-college-admissions__question-b,us__college-admissions,College Admissions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/college-admissions/,US,2019-04-30,"Education & Skills; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question B,The net effect of admitting children of alumni and donors (including any impact on donations and any losses of other high potential applicants) is likely to be a reduction in the contribution of colleges and universities to society.,The recent scandal of rich and famous people buying places for their children at elite colleges has led to a renewed public conversation about the system of legacy preference in admissions at many top US universities. We invited our US panel to express their views on the likely effects of legacies on potentially high-achieving applicants from less advantaged backgrounds and on wider society. Read More...,42,38,1,12,17,8,0,0,4,0.342105,0.210526,0.447368,0.131579,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.210526,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-04-30-US-EEP-College-Admissions.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.030000,0.330000,0.400000,0.240000,0.000000,0.360000,0.240000,0.120000,0.240000
us-fed-appointments__question-a,us__fed-appointments,Fed Appointments,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fed-appointments/,US,2019-05-13,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,Selecting candidates for membership of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) based primarily on their political views would lead to worse monetary policy outcomes than has been the case over the last 15 years.,"Recent nominations to join the board of governors of the Federal Reserve have raised concerns about political threats to the independence of monetary policy-making. The Economist has explained the dangers of weakened central banks, not only in the United States but also elsewhere in the world . And economists and economic journalists have questioned the economic ideas of President Trump’s latest Fed picks, both of whom have now withdrawn their names. Read More...",43,40,28,11,1,0,0,0,3,0.975000,0.000000,0.025000,0.975000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-05-13-US-EEP-Fed-Appointments.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.790000,0.200000,0.010000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
us-china-us-trade-war__question-a,us__china-us-trade-war,China-US Trade War,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/china-us-trade-war/,US,2019-05-29,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,The incidence of the latest round of US import tariffs is likely to fall primarily on American households.,"Over the course of 2018, the Trump administration imposed tariffs on approximately $283 billion of US imports, with rates ranging between 10% and 50%. In response, US trading partners, especially China, retaliated with tariffs averaging 16% on approximately $121 billion of US exports. Read More...",43,38,6,26,6,0,0,2,3,0.842105,0.000000,0.157895,0.842105,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-05-29-US-EEP-China-US-Trade-War.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.200000,0.660000,0.140000,0.000000,0.000000,0.860000,0.000000,0.860000,0.000000
us-china-us-trade-war__question-b,us__china-us-trade-war,China-US Trade War,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/china-us-trade-war/,US,2019-05-29,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,The impact of the tariffs – and any Chinese countermeasures – on US prices and employment is likely to be felt most heavily by lower income groups and regions.,"Over the course of 2018, the Trump administration imposed tariffs on approximately $283 billion of US imports, with rates ranging between 10% and 50%. In response, US trading partners, especially China, retaliated with tariffs averaging 16% on approximately $121 billion of US exports. Read More...",43,38,4,21,13,0,0,2,3,0.657895,0.000000,0.342105,0.657895,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-05-29-US-EEP-China-US-Trade-War.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.150000,0.600000,0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.750000,0.000000,0.750000,0.000000
us-teaching-introductory-economics__question-a,us__teaching-introductory-economics,Teaching Introductory Economics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/teaching-introductory-economics/,US,2019-06-12,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Education & Skills",Question A,The first required class for undergraduate economics majors at my university accurately reflects the way that economists think about a range of economics problems.,"How should economics be introduced to undergraduate students? Since the crisis and the Great Recession began more then a decade ago, many young people have complained that what is taught in intro courses seems to bear no relation to the pressing issues that they hoped the subject would help them to understand – poverty, inequality, globalization, environmental sustainability, financial instability, robots and the digital economy. Read More...",43,38,0,0,0,18,20,1,4,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,-1.000000,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-06-12-US-EEP-Teaching-Introductory-Economics.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.210000,0.670000,0.000000,0.110000,0.000000,0.880000,0.110000,0.770000,0.110000
us-teaching-introductory-economics__question-b,us__teaching-introductory-economics,Teaching Introductory Economics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/teaching-introductory-economics/,US,2019-06-12,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Education & Skills",Question B,The first required class for undergraduate economics majors at my university addresses the most pressing economic issues in the US.,"How should economics be introduced to undergraduate students? Since the crisis and the Great Recession began more then a decade ago, many young people have complained that what is taught in intro courses seems to bear no relation to the pressing issues that they hoped the subject would help them to understand – poverty, inequality, globalization, environmental sustainability, financial instability, robots and the digital economy. Read More...",43,38,0,0,1,13,24,1,4,0.000000,0.973684,0.026316,-0.973684,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-06-12-US-EEP-Teaching-Introductory-Economics.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.000000,0.600000,0.160000,0.250000,0.000000,0.600000,0.250000,0.350000,0.250000
us-trade-and-exchange-rates__question-a,us__trade-and-exchange-rates,Trade and Exchange Rates,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trade-and-exchange-rates/,US,2019-06-25,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,Mexico's persistent bilateral trade surplus with the United States implies that Mexico is following policies that keep the peso artificially weak against the US dollar.,"In May, the US Treasury published a report to Congress on the macroeconomic and foreign exchange policies of major trading partners of the United States. As Stanford economist and former Chicago Booth professor John Cochrane noted on his blog, this made clear reference to the possibility of currency manipulation: ‘Under Section 3004 of the 1988 Act, the Secretary must: “consider whether countries manipulate the rate of exchange between their currency and the United States dollar for purposes of preventing effective balance of payments adjustments or gaining unfair competitive advantage in international trade.”’ Read More...",43,38,0,0,0,18,20,1,4,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,-1.000000,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-06-25-US-EEP-Trade-and-Exchange-Rates.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Taxation; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.370000,0.630000,0.000000,1.000000,-1.000000,0.000000
us-trade-and-exchange-rates__question-b,us__trade-and-exchange-rates,Trade and Exchange Rates,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trade-and-exchange-rates/,US,2019-06-25,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,"The existence of a multi-year trade deficit of Country A with Country B implies that B has successfully tilted the playing field in its favor in terms of such policies as tariffs, non-tariff barriers, and the exchange rate between them.","In May, the US Treasury published a report to Congress on the macroeconomic and foreign exchange policies of major trading partners of the United States. As Stanford economist and former Chicago Booth professor John Cochrane noted on his blog, this made clear reference to the possibility of currency manipulation: ‘Under Section 3004 of the 1988 Act, the Secretary must: “consider whether countries manipulate the rate of exchange between their currency and the United States dollar for purposes of preventing effective balance of payments adjustments or gaining unfair competitive advantage in international trade.”’ Read More...",43,38,0,0,1,13,24,1,4,0.000000,0.973684,0.026316,-0.973684,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-06-25-US-EEP-Trade-and-Exchange-Rates.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Taxation; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.000000,0.010000,0.270000,0.720000,0.000000,0.990000,-0.990000,0.000000
us-equal-pay__question-a,us__equal-pay,Equal Pay,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/equal-pay/,US,2019-07-17,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,"In a case like the US women’s national soccer team where the revenues that they generate and their on-field performance both exceed those of the men’s team, there is no justification for lower pay.","The recent World Cup success of the US women’s national soccer team was swiftly followed by calls for equal pay , and a reminder of the gender discrimination lawsuit that has been filed by the players against the sport’s national governing body, US Soccer. We invited our US panel to express their views on the economics behind this controversy. We also widened the focus to the gender pay gap across the whole economy, following the proposal by Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris that companies should be required to show that they are paying men and women equally – and if unable to do so, be liable to a fine based on their profits. Another candidate, Elizabeth Warren, has also made policy proposals on equal pay. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: (a) In a case like the US women’s national soccer team where the revenues that they generate and their on-field performance both exceed those of the men’s team, there is no justification for lower pay. (b) Fining companies above a certain size that fail to provide the same remuneration to men and women employees performing comparable roles would be an effective way of closing the gender pay gap. The US women’s national soccer team Of our 43 experts, 42 participated in this survey, three of whom voted ‘no opinion’ on both statements. Of the 39 who did express an opinion and weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 48% strongly agreed with the first statement, 46% agreed, 2% were uncertain, and 4% disagreed. Among the short comments that the experts are able to include when they participate in the survey, Eric Maskin at Harvard replied: ‘If the women’s team really does generate more revenues, then, yes, paying them less seems unjustified.’ Darrell Duffie at Stanford said: ‘Seems like equal pay for (at least) equal work, in the same job, should require no additional explanation!’ And David Autor at MIT commented: ‘There’s no simple market price for talent. But I don’t see why women’s team shouldn’t get same share of rents as men’s team.’ While Michael Greenstone at Chicago agreed that: ‘Revenue and on-field performance are compelling output measures for national soccer teams’, other respondents pointed to additional potential determinants of relative pay , as well as questioning whether the women’s team are really earning less than the men . Oliver Hart at Harvard noted that: ‘Of course, one can provide a justification: maybe their outside options are different. But it is not smart policy by US Soccer.’ Steven Kaplan at Chicago added: ‘Depends on contract. If both have all variable or all fixed pay, yes. If women’s contract is fixed, risk premium could pay men more.’ And Joseph Altonji at Yale pointed out that: ‘Gender differences in total World Cup revenue and in opportunities in professional soccer also affect pay.’ Larry Samuelson at Yale took the view that: ‘It’s a normative judgment, but commonly accepted standards for evaluating pay do not justify a differential.’ Robert Hall at Stanford was less convinced: ‘Justification is not a relevant concept in the economics of wage determination. Wages depend on a variety of forces, some bad and some OK.’ And while he strongly agreed with the statement, Angus Deaton at Princeton concluded: ‘Those are my values. This is not a question about economics.’ Closing the gender pay gap Opinions on the second statement about policies to close the gender pay gap were far more divided with a substantial degree of uncertainty. Weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 28% agreed, 46% were uncertain, 17% disagreed and 9% strongly disagreed. Among those who agreed that the threat of fines could encourage companies to close the gender pay gap, Bengt Holmström at MIT said: ‘It may take several design rounds. The goal is to change the mindset and attitudes. Some form of collective pressure is needed.’ His MIT colleague Richard Schmalensee was more cautious: ‘Sounds like a sensible plan, but administrative problems may turn out to be serious.’ Other panelists were similarly concerned about implementation. Caroline Hoxby at Stanford remarked: ‘The principle would be very hard to implement in relatively free labor markets. Define comparable outside of bureaucracies: near impossible.’ The challenge of defining comparable roles performed by men and women employees was echoed in other comments. Kenneth Judd at Stanford replied: ‘Define “comparable roles”. If two jobs perform the same task, but one offers much more flexibility in hours, then a wage difference is fine.’ Christopher Udry at Northwestern added: ‘Defining comparable seems difficult. And wouldn’t address most of the gender gap, which is across, not within, task.’ And Anil Kashyap at Chicago noted that: ‘Comparable is so tricky, for instance, how do we adjust for experience, careers interruptions, etc?’, drawing attention to research evidence on the gender gap among young professionals in financial and corporate careers. Maurice Obstfeld at Berkeley also queried ‘comparable roles’, and raised the issue of potential unintended consequences: ‘Devil is in the details – define ‘comparable’? Opens door to costly litigation, might therefore discourage hiring of women (or men).’ Similarly, Daron Acemoglu at MIT commented: ‘Fighting against discrimination is important, but such tax policies may backfire, for example, by discouraging the hiring of lower skill women.’ Richard Thaler at Chicago added: ‘These assessments are complicated econometrics exercises. This may not be the best strategy.’ Among the experts who expressed their disagreement that the proposed policy would be effective in closing the gender pay , Angus Deaton said: ‘Hard to enforce. Messy and burdensome. Good for lawyers and consultants.’ William Nordhaus at Yale thought it was ‘Not the right tool for changing social attitudes.’ And Steven Kaplan concluded that it was ‘Better to let the labor market sort this out rather than government.’ All comments made by the experts are in the full survey results. Romesh Vaitilingam @econromesh July 2019",43,39,16,19,2,2,0,3,1,0.897436,0.051282,0.051282,0.846154,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.051282,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-07-17-US-EEP-Equal-Pay.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.480000,0.460000,0.020000,0.040000,0.000000,0.940000,0.040000,0.900000,0.040000
us-equal-pay__question-b,us__equal-pay,Equal Pay,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/equal-pay/,US,2019-07-17,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,Fining companies above a certain size that fail to provide the same remuneration to men and women employees performing comparable roles would be an effective way of closing the gender pay gap.,"The recent World Cup success of the US women’s national soccer team was swiftly followed by calls for equal pay , and a reminder of the gender discrimination lawsuit that has been filed by the players against the sport’s national governing body, US Soccer. We invited our US panel to express their views on the economics behind this controversy. We also widened the focus to the gender pay gap across the whole economy, following the proposal by Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris that companies should be required to show that they are paying men and women equally – and if unable to do so, be liable to a fine based on their profits. Another candidate, Elizabeth Warren, has also made policy proposals on equal pay. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: (a) In a case like the US women’s national soccer team where the revenues that they generate and their on-field performance both exceed those of the men’s team, there is no justification for lower pay. (b) Fining companies above a certain size that fail to provide the same remuneration to men and women employees performing comparable roles would be an effective way of closing the gender pay gap. The US women’s national soccer team Of our 43 experts, 42 participated in this survey, three of whom voted ‘no opinion’ on both statements. Of the 39 who did express an opinion and weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 48% strongly agreed with the first statement, 46% agreed, 2% were uncertain, and 4% disagreed. Among the short comments that the experts are able to include when they participate in the survey, Eric Maskin at Harvard replied: ‘If the women’s team really does generate more revenues, then, yes, paying them less seems unjustified.’ Darrell Duffie at Stanford said: ‘Seems like equal pay for (at least) equal work, in the same job, should require no additional explanation!’ And David Autor at MIT commented: ‘There’s no simple market price for talent. But I don’t see why women’s team shouldn’t get same share of rents as men’s team.’ While Michael Greenstone at Chicago agreed that: ‘Revenue and on-field performance are compelling output measures for national soccer teams’, other respondents pointed to additional potential determinants of relative pay , as well as questioning whether the women’s team are really earning less than the men . Oliver Hart at Harvard noted that: ‘Of course, one can provide a justification: maybe their outside options are different. But it is not smart policy by US Soccer.’ Steven Kaplan at Chicago added: ‘Depends on contract. If both have all variable or all fixed pay, yes. If women’s contract is fixed, risk premium could pay men more.’ And Joseph Altonji at Yale pointed out that: ‘Gender differences in total World Cup revenue and in opportunities in professional soccer also affect pay.’ Larry Samuelson at Yale took the view that: ‘It’s a normative judgment, but commonly accepted standards for evaluating pay do not justify a differential.’ Robert Hall at Stanford was less convinced: ‘Justification is not a relevant concept in the economics of wage determination. Wages depend on a variety of forces, some bad and some OK.’ And while he strongly agreed with the statement, Angus Deaton at Princeton concluded: ‘Those are my values. This is not a question about economics.’ Closing the gender pay gap Opinions on the second statement about policies to close the gender pay gap were far more divided with a substantial degree of uncertainty. Weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 28% agreed, 46% were uncertain, 17% disagreed and 9% strongly disagreed. Among those who agreed that the threat of fines could encourage companies to close the gender pay gap, Bengt Holmström at MIT said: ‘It may take several design rounds. The goal is to change the mindset and attitudes. Some form of collective pressure is needed.’ His MIT colleague Richard Schmalensee was more cautious: ‘Sounds like a sensible plan, but administrative problems may turn out to be serious.’ Other panelists were similarly concerned about implementation. Caroline Hoxby at Stanford remarked: ‘The principle would be very hard to implement in relatively free labor markets. Define comparable outside of bureaucracies: near impossible.’ The challenge of defining comparable roles performed by men and women employees was echoed in other comments. Kenneth Judd at Stanford replied: ‘Define “comparable roles”. If two jobs perform the same task, but one offers much more flexibility in hours, then a wage difference is fine.’ Christopher Udry at Northwestern added: ‘Defining comparable seems difficult. And wouldn’t address most of the gender gap, which is across, not within, task.’ And Anil Kashyap at Chicago noted that: ‘Comparable is so tricky, for instance, how do we adjust for experience, careers interruptions, etc?’, drawing attention to research evidence on the gender gap among young professionals in financial and corporate careers. Maurice Obstfeld at Berkeley also queried ‘comparable roles’, and raised the issue of potential unintended consequences: ‘Devil is in the details – define ‘comparable’? Opens door to costly litigation, might therefore discourage hiring of women (or men).’ Similarly, Daron Acemoglu at MIT commented: ‘Fighting against discrimination is important, but such tax policies may backfire, for example, by discouraging the hiring of lower skill women.’ Richard Thaler at Chicago added: ‘These assessments are complicated econometrics exercises. This may not be the best strategy.’ Among the experts who expressed their disagreement that the proposed policy would be effective in closing the gender pay , Angus Deaton said: ‘Hard to enforce. Messy and burdensome. Good for lawyers and consultants.’ William Nordhaus at Yale thought it was ‘Not the right tool for changing social attitudes.’ And Steven Kaplan concluded that it was ‘Better to let the labor market sort this out rather than government.’ All comments made by the experts are in the full survey results. Romesh Vaitilingam @econromesh July 2019",43,42,0,12,21,7,2,0,1,0.285714,0.214286,0.500000,0.071429,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.214286,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-07-17-US-EEP-Equal-Pay.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.000000,0.280000,0.460000,0.170000,0.090000,0.280000,0.260000,0.020000,0.260000
us-cryptocurrencies__question-a,us__cryptocurrencies,Cryptocurrencies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/cryptocurrencies/,US,2019-07-31,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,"A substantial source of the value of decentralized private cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, arises from their convenience for use in illegal activities.",,43,35,5,18,12,0,0,2,6,0.657143,0.000000,0.342857,0.657143,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-07-31-US-EEP-Cryptocurrencies.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.200000,0.560000,0.230000,0.000000,0.000000,0.760000,0.000000,0.760000,0.000000
us-state-run-lotteries__question-a,us__state-run-lotteries,State-run Lotteries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/state-run-lotteries/,US,2019-11-06,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,"Taking into account the revenues, consumer surplus, purchasing patterns by income, and possible consumer biases, state-run lotteries (such as Powerball and scratch-off games) increase social welfare.",,43,40,0,10,17,12,1,2,1,0.250000,0.325000,0.425000,-0.075000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.250000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-11-06-US-EEP-State-run-Lotteries.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.180000,0.410000,0.370000,0.040000,0.180000,0.410000,-0.230000,0.180000
us-payday-lending__question-a,us__payday-lending,Payday Lending,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/payday-lending/,US,2019-12-11,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Social Policy & Society",Question A,A ban on very short-term loans at very high annualized interest rates (aka payday lending) would make most people who use or might use them better off.,,43,41,0,14,16,10,1,0,2,0.341463,0.268293,0.390244,0.073171,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.268293,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-12-11-US-EEP-Payday-Lending.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.300000,0.420000,0.250000,0.030000,0.300000,0.280000,0.020000,0.280000
us-brexit-the-uk-economy-and-us-uk-trade__question-a,us__brexit-the-uk-economy-and-us-uk-trade,"Brexit, the UK Economy and US-UK Trade",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/brexit-the-uk-economy-and-us-uk-trade/,US,2019-12-30,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,"Following the UK election result, the certainty that the country is going to leave the European Union will provide a substantial short-term boost to the UK economy.",,43,35,1,6,17,9,2,2,6,0.200000,0.314286,0.485714,-0.114286,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.200000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-12-30-US-EEP-Brexit-the-UK-Economy-and-US-UK-Trade.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.070000,0.120000,0.480000,0.240000,0.090000,0.190000,0.330000,-0.140000,0.190000
us-brexit-the-uk-economy-and-us-uk-trade__question-b,us__brexit-the-uk-economy-and-us-uk-trade,"Brexit, the UK Economy and US-UK Trade",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/brexit-the-uk-economy-and-us-uk-trade/,US,2019-12-30,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,The near certainty that the UK will leave the European Union’s customs union and single market in 2020 offers a sizeable export market opportunity for American business.,,43,35,0,6,17,10,2,2,6,0.171429,0.342857,0.485714,-0.171429,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.171429,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-12-30-US-EEP-Brexit-the-UK-Economy-and-US-UK-Trade.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.000000,0.140000,0.410000,0.350000,0.090000,0.140000,0.440000,-0.300000,0.140000
us-mandatory-medicare-i__question-a,us__mandatory-medicare-i,Mandatory Medicare I,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/mandatory-medicare-i/,US,2020-01-24,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,"Replacing the current US health insurance system (including employer-based health insurance, ACA exchange policies, and Medicaid) with universal ‘Medicare for All’ (mandatory enrollment in a modified version of the existing traditional Medicare program with drug coverage and no cost-sharing of any form, and current Medicare reimbursement rates) funded by federal taxes would lead to improved access to healthcare for a meaningful subset of the population.",,43,41,11,26,4,0,0,0,2,0.902439,0.000000,0.097561,0.902439,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-01-24-US-EEP-Mandatory-Medicare-I.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.340000,0.580000,0.090000,0.000000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000
us-mandatory-medicare-i__question-b,us__mandatory-medicare-i,Mandatory Medicare I,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/mandatory-medicare-i/,US,2020-01-24,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question B,Replacing the current US health insurance system as outlined in a) would lead to longer waiting times for healthcare for a meaningful subset of the population.,,43,41,2,22,15,2,0,0,2,0.585366,0.048780,0.365854,0.536585,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.048780,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-01-24-US-EEP-Mandatory-Medicare-I.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.080000,0.560000,0.310000,0.050000,0.000000,0.640000,0.050000,0.590000,0.050000
us-mandatory-medicare-ii__question-a,us__mandatory-medicare-ii,Mandatory Medicare II,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/mandatory-medicare-ii/,US,2020-01-24,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,"Replacing the current US health insurance system (including employer-based health insurance, ACA exchange policies, and Medicaid) with universal ‘Medicare for All’ (mandatory enrollment in a modified version of the existing traditional Medicare program with drug coverage and no cost-sharing of any form, and current Medicare reimbursement rates) funded by federal taxes would lead to lower aggregate medical debt among patients.",,43,39,14,21,4,0,0,0,4,0.897436,0.000000,0.102564,0.897436,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-01-24-US-EEP-Mandatory-Medicare-II.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy; Fiscal policy; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.450000,0.480000,0.070000,0.000000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000
us-mandatory-medicare-ii__question-b,us__mandatory-medicare-ii,Mandatory Medicare II,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/mandatory-medicare-ii/,US,2020-01-24,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question B,Replacing the current US health insurance system as outlined in a) would lead to lower aggregate innovation in the pharmaceutical industry.,,43,39,1,13,24,0,1,0,4,0.358974,0.025641,0.615385,0.333333,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-01-24-US-EEP-Mandatory-Medicare-II.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy; Fiscal policy; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.050000,0.330000,0.580000,0.000000,0.040000,0.380000,0.040000,0.340000,0.040000
us-mandatory-medicare-ii__question-c,us__mandatory-medicare-ii,Mandatory Medicare II,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/mandatory-medicare-ii/,US,2020-01-24,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question C,Replacing the current US health insurance system as outlined in a) would improve health outcomes for the majority of the population.,,43,39,1,13,19,5,1,0,4,0.358974,0.153846,0.487179,0.205128,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.153846,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-01-24-US-EEP-Mandatory-Medicare-II.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy; Fiscal policy; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.050000,0.320000,0.450000,0.150000,0.040000,0.370000,0.190000,0.180000,0.190000
us-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis__question-a,us__policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis,Policy for the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis/,US,2020-03-27,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Healthcare & Wellbeing",Question A,A comprehensive policy response to the coronavirus will involve tolerating a very large contraction in economic activity until the spread of infections has dropped significantly.,,44,41,23,16,2,0,0,0,3,0.951220,0.000000,0.048780,0.951220,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-03-27-US-EEP-Policy-for-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.660000,0.310000,0.030000,0.000000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000
us-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis__question-b,us__policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis,Policy for the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis/,US,2020-03-27,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Healthcare & Wellbeing",Question B,Abandoning severe lockdowns at a time when the likelihood of a resurgence in infections remains high will lead to greater total economic damage than sustaining the lockdowns to eliminate the resurgence risk.,,44,41,18,17,6,0,0,0,3,0.853659,0.000000,0.146341,0.853659,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-03-27-US-EEP-Policy-for-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.570000,0.320000,0.110000,0.000000,0.000000,0.890000,0.000000,0.890000,0.000000
us-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis__question-c,us__policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis,Policy for the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis/,US,2020-03-27,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Healthcare & Wellbeing",Question C,"Optimally, the government would invest more than it is currently doing in expanding treatment capacity through steps such as building temporary hospitals, accelerating testing, making more masks and ventilators, and providing financial incentives for the production of a successful vaccine.",,44,41,29,12,0,0,0,0,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-03-27-US-EEP-Policy-for-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.780000,0.220000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-testing-for-coronavirus-infections-and-antibodies__question-a,us__testing-for-coronavirus-infections-and-antibodies,Testing for Coronavirus Infections and Antibodies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/testing-for-coronavirus-infections-and-antibodies/,US,2020-04-06,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,"Even if tests for Covid-19 are being rationed, there is an urgent need for some random testing to establish baseline levels of the virus to inform any decisions about ending lockdowns.",,44,42,26,11,3,2,0,0,2,0.880952,0.047619,0.071429,0.833333,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.047619,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-04-06-US-EEP-Testing-for-Coronavirus-Infections-and-Antibodies.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.660000,0.270000,0.030000,0.040000,0.000000,0.930000,0.040000,0.890000,0.040000
us-testing-for-coronavirus-infections-and-antibodies__question-b,us__testing-for-coronavirus-infections-and-antibodies,Testing for Coronavirus Infections and Antibodies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/testing-for-coronavirus-infections-and-antibodies/,US,2020-04-06,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question B,Required elements for an economic ‘restart’ after lockdowns include a massive increase in testing capacity (for infections and antibodies) along with a coherent strategy for preventing new outbreaks and reintroducing low-risk/no-risk individuals into public activities.,,44,42,31,10,1,0,0,0,2,0.976190,0.000000,0.023810,0.976190,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-04-06-US-EEP-Testing-for-Coronavirus-Infections-and-Antibodies.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.780000,0.210000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
us-income-support-in-the-covid-19-crisis__question-a,us__income-support-in-the-covid-19-crisis,Income Support in the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/income-support-in-the-covid-19-crisis/,US,2020-04-20,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,The balance of federal and local government support to address the economic impact of the crisis has thus far been tilted too much towards supporting firms rather than individuals.,,44,43,5,8,22,8,0,0,1,0.302326,0.186047,0.511628,0.116279,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.186047,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-04-20-US-EEP-Income-Support-in-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy; COVID/pandemic policy; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.210000,0.180000,0.410000,0.190000,0.000000,0.390000,0.190000,0.200000,0.190000
us-income-support-in-the-covid-19-crisis__question-b,us__income-support-in-the-covid-19-crisis,Income Support in the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/income-support-in-the-covid-19-crisis/,US,2020-04-20,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,Government provision of financial support to firms to keep workers on payroll for the duration of the lockdown will make the recovery faster than if the only recourse for workers to replace income were unemployment insurance.,,44,43,7,25,11,0,0,0,1,0.744186,0.000000,0.255814,0.744186,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-04-20-US-EEP-Income-Support-in-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy; COVID/pandemic policy; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.200000,0.530000,0.270000,0.000000,0.000000,0.730000,0.000000,0.730000,0.000000
us-small-firms-in-the-crisis__question-a,us__small-firms-in-the-crisis,Small Firms in the Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/small-firms-in-the-crisis/,US,2020-04-27,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Social Policy & Society",Question A,Current institutional arrangements mean that small firms will be able to renegotiate with creditors and landlords to avoid bankruptcy during the lockdown.,,44,41,0,4,20,16,1,1,2,0.097561,0.414634,0.487805,-0.317073,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.097561,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-04-27-US-EEP-Small-Firms-in-the-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Housing/urban policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.080000,0.440000,0.450000,0.030000,0.080000,0.480000,-0.400000,0.080000
us-small-firms-in-the-crisis__question-b,us__small-firms-in-the-crisis,Small Firms in the Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/small-firms-in-the-crisis/,US,2020-04-27,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Social Policy & Society",Question B,"A program that allows small businesses to skip rent and utilities during the lockdown, but repay them slowly over time afterwards, would be a net benefit to the economy.",,44,42,4,22,14,1,1,0,2,0.619048,0.047619,0.333333,0.571429,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.047619,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-04-27-US-EEP-Small-Firms-in-the-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Housing/urban policy,mixed,0.80,0.140000,0.500000,0.290000,0.040000,0.030000,0.640000,0.070000,0.570000,0.070000
us-stimulus-and-stabilizers__question-a,us__stimulus-and-stabilizers,Stimulus and Stabilizers,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stimulus-and-stabilizers/,US,2020-05-19,Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"Assuming that additional federal spending were to be structured as in the CARES Act, a substantial further spending program now will ultimately be less costly than a smaller program because it will better help to avoid long-term economic damage and promote a stronger recovery.",,44,40,2,21,16,1,0,1,3,0.575000,0.025000,0.400000,0.550000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.025000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-05-26-US-EEP-Stimulus-and-Stabilizers.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.060000,0.540000,0.380000,0.020000,0.000000,0.600000,0.020000,0.580000,0.020000
us-stimulus-and-stabilizers__question-b,us__stimulus-and-stabilizers,Stimulus and Stabilizers,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stimulus-and-stabilizers/,US,2020-05-19,Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,Having a fiscal rule that increases social spending on programs like unemployment insurance and SNAP based on the conditions of the economy would be an improvement on the discretionary way in which these programs are currently operated.,,44,41,15,17,8,1,0,0,3,0.780488,0.024390,0.195122,0.756098,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-05-26-US-EEP-Stimulus-and-Stabilizers.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.460000,0.380000,0.160000,0.000000,0.000000,0.840000,0.000000,0.840000,0.000000
us-new-visa-ban__question-a,us__new-visa-ban,New Visa Ban,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/new-visa-ban/,US,2020-06-26,"Migration; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"Even if it is temporary, the ban on visas for skilled workers, including researchers, will weaken US leadership in STEM and R&D.",An executive order by President Trump in late June has suspended a range of visas for skilled workers. We invited our panel to express their views on the potential impact of the visa ban on US leadership in science and innovation; on the attractiveness of US universities for foreign students; and on the location of corporate research facilities. Read More...,43,43,22,20,1,0,0,0,0,0.976744,0.000000,0.023256,0.976744,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2020-06-26-US-EEP-New-Visa-Ban.csv,mixed,,Immigration; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.570000,0.420000,0.010000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
us-new-visa-ban__question-b,us__new-visa-ban,New Visa Ban,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/new-visa-ban/,US,2020-06-26,"Migration; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Significantly fewer top foreign students will be attracted to US universities as a result of increased restrictions on visas for skilled workers.,An executive order by President Trump in late June has suspended a range of visas for skilled workers. We invited our panel to express their views on the potential impact of the visa ban on US leadership in science and innovation; on the attractiveness of US universities for foreign students; and on the location of corporate research facilities. Read More...,43,43,25,14,4,0,0,0,0,0.906977,0.000000,0.093023,0.906977,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2020-06-26-US-EEP-New-Visa-Ban.csv,mixed,,Immigration; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.660000,0.270000,0.070000,0.000000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000
us-new-visa-ban__question-c,us__new-visa-ban,New Visa Ban,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/new-visa-ban/,US,2020-06-26,"Migration; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,"If increased restrictions on visas for skilled workers are made permanent, a noticeable share of research activities by US and foreign companies will move abroad.",An executive order by President Trump in late June has suspended a range of visas for skilled workers. We invited our panel to express their views on the potential impact of the visa ban on US leadership in science and innovation; on the attractiveness of US universities for foreign students; and on the location of corporate research facilities. Read More...,43,43,22,18,3,0,0,0,0,0.930233,0.000000,0.069767,0.930233,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2020-06-26-US-EEP-New-Visa-Ban.csv,mixed,,Immigration; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.570000,0.380000,0.060000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
us-jobs-and-unemployment-insurance__question-a,us__jobs-and-unemployment-insurance,Jobs and Unemployment Insurance,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/jobs-and-unemployment-insurance/,US,2020-07-18,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,Employment growth is currently constrained more by firms' lack of interest in hiring than people’s willingness to work at prevailing wages.,"Despite the latest GDP figures showing that the US economy had contracted nearly 10% in the second quarter and with unemployment insurance claim numbers continuing to rise, there is still no resolution in Washington on whether the enhanced federal benefits for the jobless set to expire today (31 July) will be extended in some form. We recently invited our panel to express their views on the possible trade-off between work incentives and the income support provided by the unemployment insurance supplements, whether the top-ups should be reduced or ended, and how the economic and public health conditions in each state might determine the level of federal UI contributions. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: a) Employment growth is currently constrained more by firms’ lack of interest in hiring than people’s willingness to work at prevailing wages. b) Reducing supplemental levels of unemployment benefits so that no workers receive more than a 100% replacement rate would be a more effective way to balance incentives and income support than simply stopping the supplement at the end of this month. c) A well-designed unemployment insurance system would tie federal contributions to states on the basis of each state’s economic and public health conditions. Of our 43 US experts, 38 participated in this survey and the balance of opinion on the three statements is summarized below. More details on the experts’ views come through in the short comments that they are able to make when they participate in the survey. Labor demand and supply On the first statement about current constraints on employment growth, a majority of the panel agreed that it is more an issue of labor demand than labor supply. Weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 29% of the panel strongly agree, 55% agree, 16% are uncertain, and none disagree. Among the comments by those who agree, Anil Kashyap at Chicago says that: ‘Especially once the unemployment top-up rolls off, with lockdowns resuming, businesses will remain cautious and consumers reluctant too.’ Barry Eichengreen at Berkeley adds: ‘There is also some understandable reluctance to work (at any wages) owing to safety concerns. Still, I agree.’ Panelists who say that they are uncertain see a role for both demand and supply. Caroline Hoxby at Stanford comments: ‘These two phenomena not mutually exclusive: Employers can have little demand for labor and workers can be unwilling to work at prevailing wages.’ Robert Shimer at Chicago notes: ‘Both matter. Job openings have only fallen modestly and are at more than double their 2009 levels.’ And Robert Hall at Stanford warns: ‘The big issue currently is the high volume of workers who are not working now but expect to be recalled to their existing jobs.’ Pete Klenow at Stanford, who strongly agrees with the statement, points to an April study of data on job vacancies and UI claims, which found that nearly all industries and occupations saw contraction in postings and spikes in UI claims, regardless of whether they are deemed essential and whether they have work-from-home capability. Balancing work incentives and income support On the second statement about reducing supplemental levels of unemployment benefits so that no workers receive more than a 100% replacement rate, there is strong majority in agreement. Again weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 40% of the panel strongly agree, 54% agree; 6% are uncertain, and none disagree. Among the comments, Robert Shimer states: ‘There is no reason for replacement rates above 100%. Optimal level is unclear, but probably higher than in normal times due to disease risk. Caroline Hoxby emphasizes that: ‘Since there are costs associated with employment (work clothes, meals outside home, commuting) even 100% replacement rate would discourage work.’ And Bengt Holmstrom at MIT suggests: ‘UI creates allocational distortions, but no reason to stop it entirely. Go down to 60% to strike a compromise.’ Others are more wary about a big reduction. Richard Schmalensee at MIT replies: ‘More efficient, of course, but also harder to get right in a hurry.’ Larry Samuelson at Yale concurs: ‘Bringing replacement rates below 100% would help incentives, but the economy is too fragile for an abrupt end.’ And Barry Eichengreen, who says that is he uncertain, remarks: ‘Would strengthen incentive to work for some but remove adequate income support for some. So there are trade-offs.’ Joseph Altonji at Yale, who notes that ‘Labor demand is weak, so insurance is needed’, provides links to a co-authored study of his, which finds no evidence that more generous benefits disincentivized work either at the onset of the benefits extensions or as firms looked to return to business over time. He also references summaries of two Brookings Papers on the US labor market during the pandemic, while Pete Klenow reminds us of the study of UI replacement rates during the pandemic that finds a median rate of 134% for UI benefits under the CARES Act. Unemployment insurance linked to states’ economic and public health conditions On the third statement about linking federal UI contributions to each state’s economic and public health conditions, there is another majority in agreement. Weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 21% of the panel strongly agree, 60% agree; 20% are uncertain, and none disagree. Among those who agree, Anil Kashyap argues that: ‘The current system that uses the “special” tailoring of saying everywhere is the same – even a poor rule would beat that.’ Richard Schmalensee responds: ‘We also need unrestricted aid to states based on their conditions – despite the waste this would entail.’ And Robert Shimer says: ‘I strongly agree with the connection to public health conditions. The argument for extending benefits in recessions is weaker.’ Others mention the potential impact on the incentives for states. Daron Acemoglu at MIT points out: ‘One might have to worry about state moral hazard, but in the current environment, this is not the first order concern.’ Bengt Holmstrom adds: ‘One concern is moral hazard. In Covid situation, very small. In general, bigger.’ And Caroline Hoxby, who responds that she is uncertain, comments: ‘Would agree if could identify EXOGENOUS part of states’ conditions. Should not give states incentives, though, to be irresponsible.’ Among the other panelists who are uncertain, Michael Greenstone at Chicago says: ‘Implementing public health component would need some careful thought… unclear that it would be an improvement.’ Robert Hall states: ‘There’s no particular reason for both levels of government to be involved.’ And Kenneth Judd at Stanford concludes: ‘Let’s not make the UI system too complicated. The purpose is to help people get through unemployment. Let’s focus on that.’ All comments made by the experts are in the full survey results. Romesh Vaitilingam @econromesh July 2020",43,38,8,23,7,0,0,0,5,0.815789,0.000000,0.184211,0.815789,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-07-18-US-EEP-Jobs-and-Unemployment-Insurance.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Healthcare; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.290000,0.550000,0.160000,0.000000,0.000000,0.840000,0.000000,0.840000,0.000000
us-jobs-and-unemployment-insurance__question-b,us__jobs-and-unemployment-insurance,Jobs and Unemployment Insurance,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/jobs-and-unemployment-insurance/,US,2020-07-18,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,Reducing supplemental levels of unemployment benefits so that no workers receive more than a 100% replacement rate would be a more effective way to balance incentives and income support than simply stopping the supplement at the end of this month.,"Despite the latest GDP figures showing that the US economy had contracted nearly 10% in the second quarter and with unemployment insurance claim numbers continuing to rise, there is still no resolution in Washington on whether the enhanced federal benefits for the jobless set to expire today (31 July) will be extended in some form. We recently invited our panel to express their views on the possible trade-off between work incentives and the income support provided by the unemployment insurance supplements, whether the top-ups should be reduced or ended, and how the economic and public health conditions in each state might determine the level of federal UI contributions. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: a) Employment growth is currently constrained more by firms’ lack of interest in hiring than people’s willingness to work at prevailing wages. b) Reducing supplemental levels of unemployment benefits so that no workers receive more than a 100% replacement rate would be a more effective way to balance incentives and income support than simply stopping the supplement at the end of this month. c) A well-designed unemployment insurance system would tie federal contributions to states on the basis of each state’s economic and public health conditions. Of our 43 US experts, 38 participated in this survey and the balance of opinion on the three statements is summarized below. More details on the experts’ views come through in the short comments that they are able to make when they participate in the survey. Labor demand and supply On the first statement about current constraints on employment growth, a majority of the panel agreed that it is more an issue of labor demand than labor supply. Weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 29% of the panel strongly agree, 55% agree, 16% are uncertain, and none disagree. Among the comments by those who agree, Anil Kashyap at Chicago says that: ‘Especially once the unemployment top-up rolls off, with lockdowns resuming, businesses will remain cautious and consumers reluctant too.’ Barry Eichengreen at Berkeley adds: ‘There is also some understandable reluctance to work (at any wages) owing to safety concerns. Still, I agree.’ Panelists who say that they are uncertain see a role for both demand and supply. Caroline Hoxby at Stanford comments: ‘These two phenomena not mutually exclusive: Employers can have little demand for labor and workers can be unwilling to work at prevailing wages.’ Robert Shimer at Chicago notes: ‘Both matter. Job openings have only fallen modestly and are at more than double their 2009 levels.’ And Robert Hall at Stanford warns: ‘The big issue currently is the high volume of workers who are not working now but expect to be recalled to their existing jobs.’ Pete Klenow at Stanford, who strongly agrees with the statement, points to an April study of data on job vacancies and UI claims, which found that nearly all industries and occupations saw contraction in postings and spikes in UI claims, regardless of whether they are deemed essential and whether they have work-from-home capability. Balancing work incentives and income support On the second statement about reducing supplemental levels of unemployment benefits so that no workers receive more than a 100% replacement rate, there is strong majority in agreement. Again weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 40% of the panel strongly agree, 54% agree; 6% are uncertain, and none disagree. Among the comments, Robert Shimer states: ‘There is no reason for replacement rates above 100%. Optimal level is unclear, but probably higher than in normal times due to disease risk. Caroline Hoxby emphasizes that: ‘Since there are costs associated with employment (work clothes, meals outside home, commuting) even 100% replacement rate would discourage work.’ And Bengt Holmstrom at MIT suggests: ‘UI creates allocational distortions, but no reason to stop it entirely. Go down to 60% to strike a compromise.’ Others are more wary about a big reduction. Richard Schmalensee at MIT replies: ‘More efficient, of course, but also harder to get right in a hurry.’ Larry Samuelson at Yale concurs: ‘Bringing replacement rates below 100% would help incentives, but the economy is too fragile for an abrupt end.’ And Barry Eichengreen, who says that is he uncertain, remarks: ‘Would strengthen incentive to work for some but remove adequate income support for some. So there are trade-offs.’ Joseph Altonji at Yale, who notes that ‘Labor demand is weak, so insurance is needed’, provides links to a co-authored study of his, which finds no evidence that more generous benefits disincentivized work either at the onset of the benefits extensions or as firms looked to return to business over time. He also references summaries of two Brookings Papers on the US labor market during the pandemic, while Pete Klenow reminds us of the study of UI replacement rates during the pandemic that finds a median rate of 134% for UI benefits under the CARES Act. Unemployment insurance linked to states’ economic and public health conditions On the third statement about linking federal UI contributions to each state’s economic and public health conditions, there is another majority in agreement. Weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 21% of the panel strongly agree, 60% agree; 20% are uncertain, and none disagree. Among those who agree, Anil Kashyap argues that: ‘The current system that uses the “special” tailoring of saying everywhere is the same – even a poor rule would beat that.’ Richard Schmalensee responds: ‘We also need unrestricted aid to states based on their conditions – despite the waste this would entail.’ And Robert Shimer says: ‘I strongly agree with the connection to public health conditions. The argument for extending benefits in recessions is weaker.’ Others mention the potential impact on the incentives for states. Daron Acemoglu at MIT points out: ‘One might have to worry about state moral hazard, but in the current environment, this is not the first order concern.’ Bengt Holmstrom adds: ‘One concern is moral hazard. In Covid situation, very small. In general, bigger.’ And Caroline Hoxby, who responds that she is uncertain, comments: ‘Would agree if could identify EXOGENOUS part of states’ conditions. Should not give states incentives, though, to be irresponsible.’ Among the other panelists who are uncertain, Michael Greenstone at Chicago says: ‘Implementing public health component would need some careful thought… unclear that it would be an improvement.’ Robert Hall states: ‘There’s no particular reason for both levels of government to be involved.’ And Kenneth Judd at Stanford concludes: ‘Let’s not make the UI system too complicated. The purpose is to help people get through unemployment. Let’s focus on that.’ All comments made by the experts are in the full survey results. Romesh Vaitilingam @econromesh July 2020",43,38,14,20,4,0,0,0,5,0.894737,0.000000,0.105263,0.894737,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-07-18-US-EEP-Jobs-and-Unemployment-Insurance.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Healthcare; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.400000,0.540000,0.060000,0.000000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000
us-jobs-and-unemployment-insurance__question-c,us__jobs-and-unemployment-insurance,Jobs and Unemployment Insurance,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/jobs-and-unemployment-insurance/,US,2020-07-18,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,A well-designed unemployment insurance system would tie federal contributions to states on the basis of each state’s economic and public health conditions.,"Despite the latest GDP figures showing that the US economy had contracted nearly 10% in the second quarter and with unemployment insurance claim numbers continuing to rise, there is still no resolution in Washington on whether the enhanced federal benefits for the jobless set to expire today (31 July) will be extended in some form. We recently invited our panel to express their views on the possible trade-off between work incentives and the income support provided by the unemployment insurance supplements, whether the top-ups should be reduced or ended, and how the economic and public health conditions in each state might determine the level of federal UI contributions. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: a) Employment growth is currently constrained more by firms’ lack of interest in hiring than people’s willingness to work at prevailing wages. b) Reducing supplemental levels of unemployment benefits so that no workers receive more than a 100% replacement rate would be a more effective way to balance incentives and income support than simply stopping the supplement at the end of this month. c) A well-designed unemployment insurance system would tie federal contributions to states on the basis of each state’s economic and public health conditions. Of our 43 US experts, 38 participated in this survey and the balance of opinion on the three statements is summarized below. More details on the experts’ views come through in the short comments that they are able to make when they participate in the survey. Labor demand and supply On the first statement about current constraints on employment growth, a majority of the panel agreed that it is more an issue of labor demand than labor supply. Weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 29% of the panel strongly agree, 55% agree, 16% are uncertain, and none disagree. Among the comments by those who agree, Anil Kashyap at Chicago says that: ‘Especially once the unemployment top-up rolls off, with lockdowns resuming, businesses will remain cautious and consumers reluctant too.’ Barry Eichengreen at Berkeley adds: ‘There is also some understandable reluctance to work (at any wages) owing to safety concerns. Still, I agree.’ Panelists who say that they are uncertain see a role for both demand and supply. Caroline Hoxby at Stanford comments: ‘These two phenomena not mutually exclusive: Employers can have little demand for labor and workers can be unwilling to work at prevailing wages.’ Robert Shimer at Chicago notes: ‘Both matter. Job openings have only fallen modestly and are at more than double their 2009 levels.’ And Robert Hall at Stanford warns: ‘The big issue currently is the high volume of workers who are not working now but expect to be recalled to their existing jobs.’ Pete Klenow at Stanford, who strongly agrees with the statement, points to an April study of data on job vacancies and UI claims, which found that nearly all industries and occupations saw contraction in postings and spikes in UI claims, regardless of whether they are deemed essential and whether they have work-from-home capability. Balancing work incentives and income support On the second statement about reducing supplemental levels of unemployment benefits so that no workers receive more than a 100% replacement rate, there is strong majority in agreement. Again weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 40% of the panel strongly agree, 54% agree; 6% are uncertain, and none disagree. Among the comments, Robert Shimer states: ‘There is no reason for replacement rates above 100%. Optimal level is unclear, but probably higher than in normal times due to disease risk. Caroline Hoxby emphasizes that: ‘Since there are costs associated with employment (work clothes, meals outside home, commuting) even 100% replacement rate would discourage work.’ And Bengt Holmstrom at MIT suggests: ‘UI creates allocational distortions, but no reason to stop it entirely. Go down to 60% to strike a compromise.’ Others are more wary about a big reduction. Richard Schmalensee at MIT replies: ‘More efficient, of course, but also harder to get right in a hurry.’ Larry Samuelson at Yale concurs: ‘Bringing replacement rates below 100% would help incentives, but the economy is too fragile for an abrupt end.’ And Barry Eichengreen, who says that is he uncertain, remarks: ‘Would strengthen incentive to work for some but remove adequate income support for some. So there are trade-offs.’ Joseph Altonji at Yale, who notes that ‘Labor demand is weak, so insurance is needed’, provides links to a co-authored study of his, which finds no evidence that more generous benefits disincentivized work either at the onset of the benefits extensions or as firms looked to return to business over time. He also references summaries of two Brookings Papers on the US labor market during the pandemic, while Pete Klenow reminds us of the study of UI replacement rates during the pandemic that finds a median rate of 134% for UI benefits under the CARES Act. Unemployment insurance linked to states’ economic and public health conditions On the third statement about linking federal UI contributions to each state’s economic and public health conditions, there is another majority in agreement. Weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 21% of the panel strongly agree, 60% agree; 20% are uncertain, and none disagree. Among those who agree, Anil Kashyap argues that: ‘The current system that uses the “special” tailoring of saying everywhere is the same – even a poor rule would beat that.’ Richard Schmalensee responds: ‘We also need unrestricted aid to states based on their conditions – despite the waste this would entail.’ And Robert Shimer says: ‘I strongly agree with the connection to public health conditions. The argument for extending benefits in recessions is weaker.’ Others mention the potential impact on the incentives for states. Daron Acemoglu at MIT points out: ‘One might have to worry about state moral hazard, but in the current environment, this is not the first order concern.’ Bengt Holmstrom adds: ‘One concern is moral hazard. In Covid situation, very small. In general, bigger.’ And Caroline Hoxby, who responds that she is uncertain, comments: ‘Would agree if could identify EXOGENOUS part of states’ conditions. Should not give states incentives, though, to be irresponsible.’ Among the other panelists who are uncertain, Michael Greenstone at Chicago says: ‘Implementing public health component would need some careful thought… unclear that it would be an improvement.’ Robert Hall states: ‘There’s no particular reason for both levels of government to be involved.’ And Kenneth Judd at Stanford concludes: ‘Let’s not make the UI system too complicated. The purpose is to help people get through unemployment. Let’s focus on that.’ All comments made by the experts are in the full survey results. Romesh Vaitilingam @econromesh July 2020",43,38,6,22,10,0,0,0,5,0.736842,0.000000,0.263158,0.736842,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-07-18-US-EEP-Jobs-and-Unemployment-Insurance.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Healthcare; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.210000,0.600000,0.200000,0.000000,0.000000,0.810000,0.000000,0.810000,0.000000
europe-ecb-appointments__question-a,europe__ecb-appointments,ECB Appointments,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ecb-appointments/,Europe,2019-07-03,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,Selecting candidates for membership of the ECB Executive Board based primarily on nationality ahead of competence is likely to have a negative effect on the quality of monetary policy in the Eurozone.,"Christine Lagarde , currently head of the International Monetary Fund, has been nominated to succeed Mario Draghi as president of the European Central Bank (ECB). The announcement came as part of a package of appointments to other key roles in European institutions: the president of the European Commission; the president of the European Council; and the European Union’s high representative for foreign and security policy. Read More...",50,39,14,23,1,1,0,1,10,0.948718,0.025641,0.025641,0.923077,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-07-03-Euro-EEP-ECB-Appointments.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy; Trade; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.410000,0.540000,0.030000,0.030000,0.000000,0.950000,0.030000,0.920000,0.030000
europe-ecb-appointments__question-b,europe__ecb-appointments,ECB Appointments,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ecb-appointments/,Europe,2019-07-03,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,"Although the central bank can never be an entirely technocratic institution, the selection process for the ECB President and members of the Executive Board is significantly worsened by intergovernmental trade-offs involving appointments to other European institutions.","Christine Lagarde , currently head of the International Monetary Fund, has been nominated to succeed Mario Draghi as president of the European Central Bank (ECB). The announcement came as part of a package of appointments to other key roles in European institutions: the president of the European Commission; the president of the European Council; and the European Union’s high representative for foreign and security policy. Read More...",50,39,12,18,8,1,0,1,10,0.769231,0.025641,0.205128,0.743590,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-07-03-Euro-EEP-ECB-Appointments.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy; Trade; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.370000,0.440000,0.170000,0.020000,0.000000,0.810000,0.020000,0.790000,0.020000
europe-european-infrastructure-and-chinese-firms__question-a,europe__european-infrastructure-and-chinese-firms,European Infrastructure and Chinese Firms,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-infrastructure-and-chinese-firms/,Europe,2019-06-12,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"On bids for infrastructure projects, the average European would be better off if Europe’s governments favored European firms over Chinese firms (or firms from any other country with non-profit-related geopolitical strategies) — even if it means sometimes choosing a higher-cost bidder.","China’s worldwide investments have expanded dramatically over the past decade, particular in infrastructure projects. In the European Union and elsewhere, this has raised some concerns about security and other geopolitical and economic matters. So we invited our European panel of economic experts to express their views on whether Europe’s governments should consider favoring local firms for public infrastructure projects over potentially lower-cost bidders from elsewhere in the world. Read More...",50,33,0,8,11,12,2,3,14,0.242424,0.424242,0.333333,-0.181818,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.242424,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-06-12-Euro-EEP-European-Infrastructure-and-Chinese-Firms.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.270000,0.240000,0.400000,0.090000,0.270000,0.490000,-0.220000,0.270000
europe-european-fiscal-and-monetary-policy__question-a,europe__european-fiscal-and-monetary-policy,European Fiscal and Monetary Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-fiscal-and-monetary-policy/,Europe,2019-07-24,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"At this point, there is little that the European Central Bank can do to increase or maintain output in the Eurozone.","With the Eurozone economy weakening, many commentators are calling on the European Central Bank (ECB) to provide fresh stimulus. But what if the diverse monetary policy tools used by the ECB since the financial crisis have reached the limits of their effectiveness in promoting recovery? Could European governments contribute to stimulating the economy by increasing public spending or reducing taxes? And should fiscal policy now be focused more on raising demand by ‘loosening the public purse strings’ than on reducing public debt? We invited our European panel of economic experts to express their views on the potential roles of fiscal and monetary policy in boosting demand and output in the Eurozone. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: a) At this point, there is little that the European Central Bank can do to increase or maintain output in the Eurozone. b) When the economy is operating below its potential, larger fiscal deficits are likely to increase demand and output. c) When the economy is operating below its potential and monetary policy is at the effective lower bound, fiscal policy should prioritize increasing output over decreasing public debt. Monetary policy effectiveness Of our 50 experts, 42 participated in this survey. On the first statement, 4% said they had no opinion. Of the 40 who did express a view and weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 2% strongly agreed, 57% agreed, 14% were uncertain, 18% disagreed and 9% strongly disagreed. In the short comments that the experts are able to include when they participate in the survey, there is an indication of what lies behind the differences of opinion. For example, Christopher Pissarides at the London School of Economics (LSE) pointed out that: ‘There is no evidence of bottlenecks in the financial sector that monetary policy could relax’; while Peter Neary at Oxford argued that: ‘The ECB can’t do much given low interest rates, but it can stop things getting worse.’ Several experts mentioned the monetary policy tools that the ECB has used or could use. Among those who think that the limits of monetary policy effectiveness are close, Charles Wyplosz at the Graduate Institute, Geneva, said: ‘A few basis points won’t make a difference and liquidity is not an issue now.’ Olivier Blanchard at the Peterson Institute noted that: ‘The ECB can buy large quantities, but with little effect on prices (so long as it keeps the capital key, and it does not buy exotic assets).’ Some who disagreed with the statement referred to what else might be done. For example, Lubos Pastor at Chicago Booth suggested: ‘There’s little room to cut rates, but ECB could also relaunch QE [quantitative easing], expand bank loans, change forward guidance. Weaker euro could help output.’ Former central bank governor Patrick Honohan at Trinity College Dublin added: ‘Still some unused powder: restart QE, remove ceiling on holdings; tilt purchases towards high yield assets, etc.’ Franklin Allen of Imperial College London, who replied that he was uncertain, commented on the ECB’s policy instruments: ‘It is probably close to the limits of what it can achieve using previous tools. But there may be new ones they can come up with.’ Karl Whelan at University College Dublin, who strongly disagreed that there is little the ECB can do, emphasized: ‘With an unemployment rate of 7.5% there is still spare capacity in the euro area. ECB can also boost investment, which increases supply capacity.’ Christian Leuz at Chicago Booth alluded to the important roles of other policy-makers in promoting economic recovery: ‘The ECB has bought countries and EU considerable time for structural reforms, but its measures also eased pressures for necessary reforms.’ And Paul De Grauwe at the LSE drew attention to the need to add fiscal stimulus to the policy mix, leading neatly on to the second and third statements: ‘We are still in a liquidity trap making it difficult for a central bank to boost the economy without fiscal stimulus.’ Fiscal policy for growth For the second statement – on whether larger fiscal deficits are likely to increase demand when the economy is operating below capacity– 6% of the 42 experts who participated in this survey said that they had no opinion. Of the 39 who did express a view and weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 35% strongly agreed, 50% agreed, and 16% were uncertain. John Van Reenen at MIT was one of several experts pointing to: ‘Lots of evidence now of the positive effect of fiscal policy at the zero lower bound.’ Christopher Pissarides exclaimed: ‘Old fashioned Keynesianism works!’ Others echoed a comment by Beatrice Weder di Mauro of the Centre for Economic Policy Research: ‘The question is how much.’ For example, Pol Antras at Harvard said: ‘Debate is largely about how much and on how to do it (increase spending and on what, cut taxes, etc.).’ But there were several caveats expressed. Although all three agreed with the statement, Per Krusell at Stockholm University noted: ‘If the government’s money isn’t wasted’; Olivier Blanchard said: ‘Unless utterly irresponsible, in which case adverse effects may dominate’; and Hélène Rey at London Business School commented: ‘Stimulate aggregate demand unless larger fiscal deficit means higher risk premium, in which case higher interest burden will decrease aggregate demand.’ Two experts who said they were uncertain also mentioned caveats. Christian Leuz pointed out that: ‘Depends also on time horizon over which outcome is considered.’ Franklin Allen added: ‘Maybe in the short run but in the long run, good investment decisions associated with innovation are likely to have more effect.’ Boosting output over reducing public debt For the third statement – on whether fiscal policy should prioritize increasing output over decreasing public debt – 4% of the 42 experts who participated in this survey said that they had no opinion. Of the 40 who did express a view and weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 17% strongly agreed, 45% agreed, 34% were uncertain and 5% disagreed. Among those who agreed with the statement, there were again caveats. Antoinette Schoar at MIT said: ‘Answer depends on the type of government projects, some crowd out private sector activity, others are net beneficial, needed infrastructure.’ Agnès Bénassy-Quéré at the Paris School of Economics commented: ‘To the extent that the government can borrow at fixed long-term rate.’ And Peter Neary observed: ‘Agree, but this is more a political/moral judgment than a scientifically grounded view. And depends on circumstances, especially size of deficit.’ Several experts remarked on the debt position of countries choosing to make growth a priority over debt reduction. Xavier Freixas at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra said: ‘It depends upon the existing level of public debt and its impact on sovereign risk.’ Karl Whelan commented: ‘Generally true though not, for example, in highly indebted members of the euro area which do not have control of their own currency.’ Charles Wyplosz was not so convinced about the importance of current debt levels: ‘Fiscal space is determined by policy institutions, more than the existing gross debt: fiscal councils; central bank lending in last resort.’ Of those who disagreed with the statement, Jan Pieter Krahnen of Goethe University Frankfurt explained: ‘I disagree because of unconditional nature of the statement. What if Ricardian equivalence holds, and investment function bends backwards?’ All comments made by the experts are in the full survey results. Romesh Vaitilingam @econromesh July 2019",50,40,1,22,7,7,3,2,8,0.575000,0.250000,0.175000,0.325000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.250000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-07-24-Euro-EEP-European-Fiscal-and-Monetary-Policy.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.020000,0.570000,0.140000,0.180000,0.090000,0.590000,0.270000,0.320000,0.270000
europe-european-fiscal-and-monetary-policy__question-b,europe__european-fiscal-and-monetary-policy,European Fiscal and Monetary Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-fiscal-and-monetary-policy/,Europe,2019-07-24,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"When the economy is operating below its potential, larger fiscal deficits are likely to increase demand and output.","With the Eurozone economy weakening, many commentators are calling on the European Central Bank (ECB) to provide fresh stimulus. But what if the diverse monetary policy tools used by the ECB since the financial crisis have reached the limits of their effectiveness in promoting recovery? Could European governments contribute to stimulating the economy by increasing public spending or reducing taxes? And should fiscal policy now be focused more on raising demand by ‘loosening the public purse strings’ than on reducing public debt? We invited our European panel of economic experts to express their views on the potential roles of fiscal and monetary policy in boosting demand and output in the Eurozone. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: a) At this point, there is little that the European Central Bank can do to increase or maintain output in the Eurozone. b) When the economy is operating below its potential, larger fiscal deficits are likely to increase demand and output. c) When the economy is operating below its potential and monetary policy is at the effective lower bound, fiscal policy should prioritize increasing output over decreasing public debt. Monetary policy effectiveness Of our 50 experts, 42 participated in this survey. On the first statement, 4% said they had no opinion. Of the 40 who did express a view and weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 2% strongly agreed, 57% agreed, 14% were uncertain, 18% disagreed and 9% strongly disagreed. In the short comments that the experts are able to include when they participate in the survey, there is an indication of what lies behind the differences of opinion. For example, Christopher Pissarides at the London School of Economics (LSE) pointed out that: ‘There is no evidence of bottlenecks in the financial sector that monetary policy could relax’; while Peter Neary at Oxford argued that: ‘The ECB can’t do much given low interest rates, but it can stop things getting worse.’ Several experts mentioned the monetary policy tools that the ECB has used or could use. Among those who think that the limits of monetary policy effectiveness are close, Charles Wyplosz at the Graduate Institute, Geneva, said: ‘A few basis points won’t make a difference and liquidity is not an issue now.’ Olivier Blanchard at the Peterson Institute noted that: ‘The ECB can buy large quantities, but with little effect on prices (so long as it keeps the capital key, and it does not buy exotic assets).’ Some who disagreed with the statement referred to what else might be done. For example, Lubos Pastor at Chicago Booth suggested: ‘There’s little room to cut rates, but ECB could also relaunch QE [quantitative easing], expand bank loans, change forward guidance. Weaker euro could help output.’ Former central bank governor Patrick Honohan at Trinity College Dublin added: ‘Still some unused powder: restart QE, remove ceiling on holdings; tilt purchases towards high yield assets, etc.’ Franklin Allen of Imperial College London, who replied that he was uncertain, commented on the ECB’s policy instruments: ‘It is probably close to the limits of what it can achieve using previous tools. But there may be new ones they can come up with.’ Karl Whelan at University College Dublin, who strongly disagreed that there is little the ECB can do, emphasized: ‘With an unemployment rate of 7.5% there is still spare capacity in the euro area. ECB can also boost investment, which increases supply capacity.’ Christian Leuz at Chicago Booth alluded to the important roles of other policy-makers in promoting economic recovery: ‘The ECB has bought countries and EU considerable time for structural reforms, but its measures also eased pressures for necessary reforms.’ And Paul De Grauwe at the LSE drew attention to the need to add fiscal stimulus to the policy mix, leading neatly on to the second and third statements: ‘We are still in a liquidity trap making it difficult for a central bank to boost the economy without fiscal stimulus.’ Fiscal policy for growth For the second statement – on whether larger fiscal deficits are likely to increase demand when the economy is operating below capacity– 6% of the 42 experts who participated in this survey said that they had no opinion. Of the 39 who did express a view and weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 35% strongly agreed, 50% agreed, and 16% were uncertain. John Van Reenen at MIT was one of several experts pointing to: ‘Lots of evidence now of the positive effect of fiscal policy at the zero lower bound.’ Christopher Pissarides exclaimed: ‘Old fashioned Keynesianism works!’ Others echoed a comment by Beatrice Weder di Mauro of the Centre for Economic Policy Research: ‘The question is how much.’ For example, Pol Antras at Harvard said: ‘Debate is largely about how much and on how to do it (increase spending and on what, cut taxes, etc.).’ But there were several caveats expressed. Although all three agreed with the statement, Per Krusell at Stockholm University noted: ‘If the government’s money isn’t wasted’; Olivier Blanchard said: ‘Unless utterly irresponsible, in which case adverse effects may dominate’; and Hélène Rey at London Business School commented: ‘Stimulate aggregate demand unless larger fiscal deficit means higher risk premium, in which case higher interest burden will decrease aggregate demand.’ Two experts who said they were uncertain also mentioned caveats. Christian Leuz pointed out that: ‘Depends also on time horizon over which outcome is considered.’ Franklin Allen added: ‘Maybe in the short run but in the long run, good investment decisions associated with innovation are likely to have more effect.’ Boosting output over reducing public debt For the third statement – on whether fiscal policy should prioritize increasing output over decreasing public debt – 4% of the 42 experts who participated in this survey said that they had no opinion. Of the 40 who did express a view and weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 17% strongly agreed, 45% agreed, 34% were uncertain and 5% disagreed. Among those who agreed with the statement, there were again caveats. Antoinette Schoar at MIT said: ‘Answer depends on the type of government projects, some crowd out private sector activity, others are net beneficial, needed infrastructure.’ Agnès Bénassy-Quéré at the Paris School of Economics commented: ‘To the extent that the government can borrow at fixed long-term rate.’ And Peter Neary observed: ‘Agree, but this is more a political/moral judgment than a scientifically grounded view. And depends on circumstances, especially size of deficit.’ Several experts remarked on the debt position of countries choosing to make growth a priority over debt reduction. Xavier Freixas at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra said: ‘It depends upon the existing level of public debt and its impact on sovereign risk.’ Karl Whelan commented: ‘Generally true though not, for example, in highly indebted members of the euro area which do not have control of their own currency.’ Charles Wyplosz was not so convinced about the importance of current debt levels: ‘Fiscal space is determined by policy institutions, more than the existing gross debt: fiscal councils; central bank lending in last resort.’ Of those who disagreed with the statement, Jan Pieter Krahnen of Goethe University Frankfurt explained: ‘I disagree because of unconditional nature of the statement. What if Ricardian equivalence holds, and investment function bends backwards?’ All comments made by the experts are in the full survey results. Romesh Vaitilingam @econromesh July 2019",50,39,11,20,8,0,0,3,8,0.794872,0.000000,0.205128,0.794872,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-07-24-Euro-EEP-European-Fiscal-and-Monetary-Policy.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.350000,0.500000,0.160000,0.000000,0.000000,0.850000,0.000000,0.850000,0.000000
europe-european-fiscal-and-monetary-policy__question-c,europe__european-fiscal-and-monetary-policy,European Fiscal and Monetary Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-fiscal-and-monetary-policy/,Europe,2019-07-24,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,"When the economy is operating below its potential and monetary policy is at the effective lower bound, fiscal policy should prioritize increasing output over decreasing public debt.","With the Eurozone economy weakening, many commentators are calling on the European Central Bank (ECB) to provide fresh stimulus. But what if the diverse monetary policy tools used by the ECB since the financial crisis have reached the limits of their effectiveness in promoting recovery? Could European governments contribute to stimulating the economy by increasing public spending or reducing taxes? And should fiscal policy now be focused more on raising demand by ‘loosening the public purse strings’ than on reducing public debt? We invited our European panel of economic experts to express their views on the potential roles of fiscal and monetary policy in boosting demand and output in the Eurozone. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: a) At this point, there is little that the European Central Bank can do to increase or maintain output in the Eurozone. b) When the economy is operating below its potential, larger fiscal deficits are likely to increase demand and output. c) When the economy is operating below its potential and monetary policy is at the effective lower bound, fiscal policy should prioritize increasing output over decreasing public debt. Monetary policy effectiveness Of our 50 experts, 42 participated in this survey. On the first statement, 4% said they had no opinion. Of the 40 who did express a view and weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 2% strongly agreed, 57% agreed, 14% were uncertain, 18% disagreed and 9% strongly disagreed. In the short comments that the experts are able to include when they participate in the survey, there is an indication of what lies behind the differences of opinion. For example, Christopher Pissarides at the London School of Economics (LSE) pointed out that: ‘There is no evidence of bottlenecks in the financial sector that monetary policy could relax’; while Peter Neary at Oxford argued that: ‘The ECB can’t do much given low interest rates, but it can stop things getting worse.’ Several experts mentioned the monetary policy tools that the ECB has used or could use. Among those who think that the limits of monetary policy effectiveness are close, Charles Wyplosz at the Graduate Institute, Geneva, said: ‘A few basis points won’t make a difference and liquidity is not an issue now.’ Olivier Blanchard at the Peterson Institute noted that: ‘The ECB can buy large quantities, but with little effect on prices (so long as it keeps the capital key, and it does not buy exotic assets).’ Some who disagreed with the statement referred to what else might be done. For example, Lubos Pastor at Chicago Booth suggested: ‘There’s little room to cut rates, but ECB could also relaunch QE [quantitative easing], expand bank loans, change forward guidance. Weaker euro could help output.’ Former central bank governor Patrick Honohan at Trinity College Dublin added: ‘Still some unused powder: restart QE, remove ceiling on holdings; tilt purchases towards high yield assets, etc.’ Franklin Allen of Imperial College London, who replied that he was uncertain, commented on the ECB’s policy instruments: ‘It is probably close to the limits of what it can achieve using previous tools. But there may be new ones they can come up with.’ Karl Whelan at University College Dublin, who strongly disagreed that there is little the ECB can do, emphasized: ‘With an unemployment rate of 7.5% there is still spare capacity in the euro area. ECB can also boost investment, which increases supply capacity.’ Christian Leuz at Chicago Booth alluded to the important roles of other policy-makers in promoting economic recovery: ‘The ECB has bought countries and EU considerable time for structural reforms, but its measures also eased pressures for necessary reforms.’ And Paul De Grauwe at the LSE drew attention to the need to add fiscal stimulus to the policy mix, leading neatly on to the second and third statements: ‘We are still in a liquidity trap making it difficult for a central bank to boost the economy without fiscal stimulus.’ Fiscal policy for growth For the second statement – on whether larger fiscal deficits are likely to increase demand when the economy is operating below capacity– 6% of the 42 experts who participated in this survey said that they had no opinion. Of the 39 who did express a view and weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 35% strongly agreed, 50% agreed, and 16% were uncertain. John Van Reenen at MIT was one of several experts pointing to: ‘Lots of evidence now of the positive effect of fiscal policy at the zero lower bound.’ Christopher Pissarides exclaimed: ‘Old fashioned Keynesianism works!’ Others echoed a comment by Beatrice Weder di Mauro of the Centre for Economic Policy Research: ‘The question is how much.’ For example, Pol Antras at Harvard said: ‘Debate is largely about how much and on how to do it (increase spending and on what, cut taxes, etc.).’ But there were several caveats expressed. Although all three agreed with the statement, Per Krusell at Stockholm University noted: ‘If the government’s money isn’t wasted’; Olivier Blanchard said: ‘Unless utterly irresponsible, in which case adverse effects may dominate’; and Hélène Rey at London Business School commented: ‘Stimulate aggregate demand unless larger fiscal deficit means higher risk premium, in which case higher interest burden will decrease aggregate demand.’ Two experts who said they were uncertain also mentioned caveats. Christian Leuz pointed out that: ‘Depends also on time horizon over which outcome is considered.’ Franklin Allen added: ‘Maybe in the short run but in the long run, good investment decisions associated with innovation are likely to have more effect.’ Boosting output over reducing public debt For the third statement – on whether fiscal policy should prioritize increasing output over decreasing public debt – 4% of the 42 experts who participated in this survey said that they had no opinion. Of the 40 who did express a view and weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 17% strongly agreed, 45% agreed, 34% were uncertain and 5% disagreed. Among those who agreed with the statement, there were again caveats. Antoinette Schoar at MIT said: ‘Answer depends on the type of government projects, some crowd out private sector activity, others are net beneficial, needed infrastructure.’ Agnès Bénassy-Quéré at the Paris School of Economics commented: ‘To the extent that the government can borrow at fixed long-term rate.’ And Peter Neary observed: ‘Agree, but this is more a political/moral judgment than a scientifically grounded view. And depends on circumstances, especially size of deficit.’ Several experts remarked on the debt position of countries choosing to make growth a priority over debt reduction. Xavier Freixas at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra said: ‘It depends upon the existing level of public debt and its impact on sovereign risk.’ Karl Whelan commented: ‘Generally true though not, for example, in highly indebted members of the euro area which do not have control of their own currency.’ Charles Wyplosz was not so convinced about the importance of current debt levels: ‘Fiscal space is determined by policy institutions, more than the existing gross debt: fiscal councils; central bank lending in last resort.’ Of those who disagreed with the statement, Jan Pieter Krahnen of Goethe University Frankfurt explained: ‘I disagree because of unconditional nature of the statement. What if Ricardian equivalence holds, and investment function bends backwards?’ All comments made by the experts are in the full survey results. Romesh Vaitilingam @econromesh July 2019",50,40,5,18,15,2,0,2,8,0.575000,0.050000,0.375000,0.525000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.050000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-07-24-Euro-EEP-European-Fiscal-and-Monetary-Policy.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.170000,0.450000,0.340000,0.050000,0.000000,0.620000,0.050000,0.570000,0.050000
us-corporate-social-responsibility__question-a,us__corporate-social-responsibility,Corporate Social Responsibility,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/corporate-social-responsibility/,US,2019-02-13,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"It is best for society if the management of U.S. publicly traded corporations only considers the impact of their decisions on customers, employees, and community members to the extent that these impacts feedback to impact shareholder wealth.",,42,36,1,6,3,15,11,1,5,0.194444,0.722222,0.083333,-0.527778,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.194444,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-02-13-US-EEP-Corporate-Social-Responsibility.csv,mixed,,Political economy,source,0.90,0.040000,0.140000,0.040000,0.380000,0.400000,0.180000,0.780000,-0.600000,0.180000
us-2532__question-a,us__2532,Presidents and Jobs,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/2532/,US,2012-10-15,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,"Claims by incumbent presidents and challengers about how many private-sector jobs can be created in a four-year period by sector-level or other targeted policies should be viewed as rough guesses, because overall macroeconomic conditions drive aggregate employment in ways that dominate any net effects of polices that focus on specific industries or households.",,39,36,18,16,2,0,0,0,3,0.944444,0.000000,0.055556,0.944444,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-10-15-US-EEP-Presidents-and-Jobs.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.570000,0.380000,0.040000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
us-medicare__question-a,us__medicare,Medicare,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/medicare/,US,2012-10-23,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"Consider one of two proposals for restraining future Medicare spending, each by the same amount: The method that President Obama enacted in the Affordable Care Act — reducing Medicare-related payments to private insurers and altering the payment system for doctors and hospitals — imposes risks on future Medicare patients because over time the supply of doctors, hospitals and insurers willing to offer them health services may decline in response to restrained payments.",,39,33,1,19,7,5,1,0,6,0.606061,0.181818,0.212121,0.424242,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.181818,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-10-23-US-EEP-Medicare.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.590000,0.170000,0.150000,0.060000,0.630000,0.210000,0.420000,0.210000
us-medicare__question-b,us__medicare,Medicare,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/medicare/,US,2012-10-23,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,"Consider the other of two proposals for restraining future Medicare spending, each by the same amount: The method that Governor Romney advocates — giving future seniors a fixed payment for premiums and letting private insurers compete with Medicare — imposes risks on future Medicare patients because competition may not be powerful to enough to offer future seniors the same quality of care that is currently promised without supplementing their premium support.",,39,33,11,16,4,2,0,0,6,0.818182,0.060606,0.121212,0.757576,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.060606,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-10-23-US-EEP-Medicare.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition,mixed,0.80,0.450000,0.420000,0.080000,0.050000,0.000000,0.870000,0.050000,0.820000,0.050000
us-manufacturing__question-a,us__manufacturing,Manufacturing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/manufacturing/,US,2012-10-30,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,The federal government would make the average U.S. citizen better off by using policies that directly focus more on increasing manufacturing employment than employment in other sectors.,,39,35,0,2,7,20,6,0,4,0.057143,0.742857,0.200000,-0.685714,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.057143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-10-30-US-EEP-Manufacturing.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.040000,0.210000,0.550000,0.210000,0.040000,0.760000,-0.720000,0.040000
us-manufacturing__question-b,us__manufacturing,Manufacturing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/manufacturing/,US,2012-10-30,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,"Because firms and inventors do not capture the full returns from research and development, the government would increase the average well-being of Americans (and potentially of others too) by favoring R&D using the tax code.",,39,34,6,19,6,3,0,1,4,0.735294,0.088235,0.176471,0.647059,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.088235,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-10-30-US-EEP-Manufacturing.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.240000,0.590000,0.090000,0.080000,0.000000,0.830000,0.080000,0.750000,0.080000
us-ten-year-budgets__question-a,us__ten-year-budgets,Ten-Year Budgets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ten-year-budgets/,US,2012-11-20,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Public Debt & Deficits",Question A,"Because federal spending on Medicare and Medicaid will continue to grow under current policy beyond the 10-year window of most political budget debates, it is easy for a politician to devise a budget plan that would reduce federal deficits over the next decade without really making the U.S. fiscally sustainable.",,39,32,8,16,4,3,1,2,5,0.750000,0.125000,0.125000,0.625000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.125000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-11-20-US-EEP-Ten-year-Budgets.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Fiscal policy; Healthcare; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.310000,0.440000,0.100000,0.100000,0.050000,0.750000,0.150000,0.600000,0.150000
us-ten-year-budgets__question-b,us__ten-year-budgets,Ten-Year Budgets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ten-year-budgets/,US,2012-11-20,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Public Debt & Deficits",Question B,"Comparing two plans that would reduce federal budget deficits by identical amounts in each of the next 10 years, one that did so partly by reducing significantly the long-term growth rate of Medicare and Medicaid spending would do more to make the U.S. budget fiscally sustainable than one that did not lower the growth of these spending programs.",,39,34,12,19,3,0,0,0,5,0.911765,0.000000,0.088235,0.911765,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-11-20-US-EEP-Ten-year-Budgets.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Fiscal policy; Healthcare; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.430000,0.520000,0.050000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
us-carbon-taxes-ii__question-a,us__carbon-taxes-ii,Carbon Taxes II,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/carbon-taxes-ii/,US,2012-12-04,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"The Brookings Institution recently described a US carbon tax of $20 per ton , increasing at 4% per year, which would raise an estimated $150 billion per year in federal revenues over the next decade. Given the negative externalities created by carbon dioxide emissions, a federal carbon tax at this rate would involve fewer harmful net distortions to the US economy than a tax increase that generated the same revenue by raising marginal tax rates on labor income across the board.",,39,35,16,18,1,0,0,0,4,0.971429,0.000000,0.028571,0.971429,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-12-04-US-EEP-Carbon-Taxes-II.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.560000,0.420000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
us-indexing__question-a,us__indexing,Indexing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/indexing/,US,2012-12-18,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Social Policy & Society",Question A,The annual indexing of Social Security benefits to increases in the consumer price index for urban wage earners and clerical workers (the CPI-W) leads to higher benefits than would be required to compensate recipients for genuine cost-of-living increases.,,38,31,2,12,14,2,1,2,5,0.451613,0.096774,0.451613,0.354839,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.096774,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-12-18-US-EEP-Indexing.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Political economy; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.460000,0.300000,0.070000,0.050000,0.570000,0.120000,0.450000,0.120000
us-debt-ceiling__question-a,us__debt-ceiling,Debt Ceiling,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/debt-ceiling/,US,2013-01-15,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Public Debt & Deficits",Question A,"Because all federal spending and taxes must be approved by both houses of Congress and the executive branch, a separate debt ceiling that has to be increased periodically creates unneeded uncertainty and can potentially lead to worse fiscal outcomes.",,38,34,14,18,1,1,0,2,2,0.941176,0.029412,0.029412,0.911765,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.029412,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-01-15-US-EEP-Debt-Ceiling.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Fiscal policy,source,0.90,0.540000,0.430000,0.000000,0.020000,0.000000,0.970000,0.020000,0.950000,0.020000
us-high-skilled-immigrants__question-a,us__high-skilled-immigrants,High-Skilled Immigrants,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/high-skilled-immigrants/,US,2013-02-12,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Migration",Question A,The average US citizen would be better off if a larger number of highly educated foreign workers were legally allowed to immigrate to the US each year.,,38,36,15,19,2,0,0,0,2,0.944444,0.000000,0.055556,0.944444,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-02-12-US-EEP-High-skilled-Immigrants.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Immigration,source,0.90,0.490000,0.460000,0.060000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
us-minimum-wage__question-a,us__minimum-wage,Minimum Wage,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/minimum-wage/,US,2013-02-26,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,Raising the federal minimum wage to $9 per hour would make it noticeably harder for low-skilled workers to find employment.,,38,34,0,13,9,12,0,1,3,0.382353,0.352941,0.264706,0.029412,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.352941,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-02-26-US-EEP-Minimum-Wage.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.000000,0.400000,0.220000,0.380000,0.000000,0.400000,0.380000,0.020000,0.380000
us-minimum-wage__question-b,us__minimum-wage,Minimum Wage,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/minimum-wage/,US,2013-02-26,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question B,The distortionary costs of raising the federal minimum wage to $9 per hour and indexing it to inflation are sufficiently small compared with the benefits to low-skilled workers who can find employment that this would be a desirable policy.,,38,34,2,16,12,3,1,1,3,0.529412,0.117647,0.352941,0.411765,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.117647,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-02-26-US-EEP-Minimum-Wage.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.100000,0.520000,0.230000,0.100000,0.060000,0.620000,0.160000,0.460000,0.160000
us-early-education__question-a,us__early-education,Early Education,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/early-education/,US,2013-03-12,Education & Skills; Social Policy & Society,Question A,Using government funds to guarantee preschool education for four-year olds would yield a much lower social return than the ones achieved by the most highly touted targeted preschool initiatives.,,38,28,2,11,11,2,2,7,3,0.464286,0.142857,0.392857,0.321429,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.142857,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-03-12-US-EEP-Early-Education.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Political economy,source,0.90,0.100000,0.440000,0.320000,0.060000,0.080000,0.540000,0.140000,0.400000,0.140000
us-charitable-deductions__question-a,us__charitable-deductions,Charitable Deductions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/charitable-deductions/,US,2013-05-07,Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,Reducing the income-tax deductibility of charitable gifts is a less distortionary way to raise new revenue than raising the same amount of revenue through a proportional increase in all marginal tax rates.,,38,34,4,19,7,4,0,0,4,0.676471,0.117647,0.205882,0.558824,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.117647,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-05-07-US-EEP-Charitable-Deductions.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.160000,0.540000,0.200000,0.100000,0.000000,0.700000,0.100000,0.600000,0.100000
us-infrastructure__question-a,us__infrastructure,Infrastructure,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/infrastructure/,US,2013-05-23,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Transport",Question A,"Because the US has underspent on new projects, maintenance, or both, the federal government has an opportunity to increase average incomes by spending more on roads, railways, bridges and airports.",,38,32,7,21,3,1,0,1,5,0.875000,0.031250,0.093750,0.843750,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.031250,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-05-23-US-EEP-Infrastructure.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Fiscal policy; Political economy,mixed,0.80,0.310000,0.580000,0.070000,0.050000,0.000000,0.890000,0.050000,0.840000,0.050000
us-infrastructure__question-b,us__infrastructure,Infrastructure,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/infrastructure/,US,2013-05-23,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Transport",Question B,"Past experience of public spending and political economy suggests that if the government spent more on roads, railways, bridges and airports, many of the projects would have low or negative returns.",,38,32,2,13,9,7,1,1,5,0.468750,0.250000,0.281250,0.218750,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.250000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-05-23-US-EEP-Infrastructure.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Fiscal policy; Political economy,mixed,0.80,0.100000,0.420000,0.190000,0.240000,0.050000,0.520000,0.290000,0.230000,0.290000
us-fiscal-policy-and-savings__question-a,us__fiscal-policy-and-savings,Fiscal Policy and Savings,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fiscal-policy-and-savings/,US,2013-07-08,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,Sustained tax and spending policies that boost consumption in ways that reduce the saving rate are likely to lower long-run living standards.,,38,31,4,20,7,0,0,3,4,0.774194,0.000000,0.225806,0.774194,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-07-08-US-EEP-Fiscal-Policy-and-Savings.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.180000,0.610000,0.210000,0.000000,0.000000,0.790000,0.000000,0.790000,0.000000
us-savings-behavior__question-a,us__savings-behavior,Savings Behavior,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/savings-behavior/,US,2013-07-24,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Social Policy & Society",Question A,An effective way to increase savings rates of employees whose firms have defined contribution plans is to combine automatic enrollment in those plans and periodic automatic increases in their contributions (with the ability to opt out of either).,,38,36,14,21,1,0,0,0,2,0.972222,0.000000,0.027778,0.972222,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-07-24-US-EEP-Savings-Behavior.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Political economy,source,0.90,0.470000,0.520000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
us-student-credit-risk__question-a,us__student-credit-risk,Student Credit Risk,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/student-credit-risk/,US,2013-08-08,"Education & Skills; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,Conventional economic reasoning suggests that it would be a good policy to enact the recent Senate bill that would let undergraduate students borrow through the government Stafford program at interest rates equivalent to the primary credit rates offered to banks through the Federal Reserve's discount window.,,38,27,2,10,10,3,2,5,6,0.444444,0.185185,0.370370,0.259259,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.185185,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-08-08-US-EEP-Student-Credit-Risk.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Monetary policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.470000,0.240000,0.090000,0.090000,0.580000,0.180000,0.400000,0.180000
us-capital-outflows__question-a,us__capital-outflows,Capital Outflows,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/capital-outflows/,US,2013-09-26,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,"Experience over the past 30 years shows that for the typical emerging market nation facing rapid capital outflows, spending foreign currency reserves to defend its currency is a better policy for its citizens than not doing so.",,37,25,1,1,11,10,2,8,4,0.080000,0.480000,0.440000,-0.400000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.080000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-09-26-US-EEP-Capital-Outflows.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.050000,0.040000,0.400000,0.350000,0.150000,0.090000,0.500000,-0.410000,0.090000
us-us-fiscal-risks__question-a,us__us-fiscal-risks,US Fiscal Risks,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/us-fiscal-risks/,US,2013-10-08,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Public Debt & Deficits",Question A,"If the United States fails to make scheduled interest or principal payments on government debt securities, even as an unintended consequence of political brinksmanship, US families and businesses are likely to suffer severe economic harm.",,36,30,12,15,2,1,0,1,5,0.900000,0.033333,0.066667,0.866667,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.033333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-10-08-US-EEP-US-Fiscal-Risks.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Financial regulation; Political economy,mixed,0.80,0.520000,0.390000,0.070000,0.030000,0.000000,0.910000,0.030000,0.880000,0.030000
us-us-fiscal-risks__question-b,us__us-fiscal-risks,US Fiscal Risks,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/us-fiscal-risks/,US,2013-10-08,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Public Debt & Deficits",Question B,"With or without a default, current uncertainty over future taxing and spending policies of the US government is likely to depress private investment and hiring by enough to reduce GDP growth by at least a quarter of a percentage point over the next 12 months.",,36,27,0,11,14,2,0,4,5,0.407407,0.074074,0.518519,0.333333,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.074074,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-10-08-US-EEP-US-Fiscal-Risks.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Financial regulation; Political economy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.480000,0.460000,0.060000,0.000000,0.480000,0.060000,0.420000,0.060000
us-fed-policy__question-a,us__fed-policy,Fed Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fed-policy/,US,2013-11-06,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,Enactment of the Senate bill to subject the Federal Reserve's monetary policy and discount window decisions to an audit by the Comptroller General of the U.S. would improve the Fed's legitimacy without hurting its decision making.,,36,30,0,0,6,11,13,2,4,0.000000,0.800000,0.200000,-0.800000,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-11-06-US-EEP-Fed-Policy.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy; Financial regulation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.000000,0.190000,0.330000,0.480000,0.000000,0.810000,-0.810000,0.000000
us-fed-policy__question-b,us__fed-policy,Fed Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fed-policy/,US,2013-11-06,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,The Fed should not reduce its purchases of mortgage-backed securities and treasurys until there is clearer evidence of strong and sustained employment growth.,,36,31,2,18,7,4,0,1,4,0.645161,0.129032,0.225806,0.516129,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.129032,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-11-06-US-EEP-Fed-Policy.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy; Financial regulation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.600000,0.180000,0.110000,0.000000,0.710000,0.110000,0.600000,0.110000
us-diversification__question-a,us__diversification,Diversification,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/diversification/,US,2013-11-20,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,"In general, absent any inside information, an equity investor can expect to do better by choosing a well-diversified, low-cost index fund than by picking a few stocks.",,46,43,27,14,1,1,0,0,3,0.953488,0.023256,0.023256,0.930233,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.023256,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-11-20-US-EEP-Diversification.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.690000,0.260000,0.030000,0.020000,0.000000,0.950000,0.020000,0.930000,0.020000
us-low-skilled-immigrants__question-a,us__low-skilled-immigrants,Low-Skilled Immigrants,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/low-skilled-immigrants/,US,2013-12-10,Migration; Social Policy & Society,Question A,The average US citizen would be better off if a larger number of low-skilled foreign workers were legally allowed to enter the US each year.,,46,41,1,23,13,4,0,0,5,0.585366,0.097561,0.317073,0.487805,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.097561,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-12-10-US-EEP-Low-skilled-Immigrants.csv,mixed,,Immigration; Political economy,source,0.90,0.020000,0.610000,0.280000,0.100000,0.000000,0.630000,0.100000,0.530000,0.100000
us-low-skilled-immigrants__question-b,us__low-skilled-immigrants,Low-Skilled Immigrants,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/low-skilled-immigrants/,US,2013-12-10,Migration; Social Policy & Society,Question B,"Unless they were compensated by others, many low-skilled American workers would be substantially worse off if a larger number of low-skilled foreign workers were legally allowed to enter the US each year.",,46,41,2,21,14,3,1,0,5,0.560976,0.097561,0.341463,0.463415,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.097561,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-12-10-US-EEP-Low-skilled-Immigrants.csv,mixed,,Immigration; Political economy,source,0.90,0.060000,0.540000,0.290000,0.080000,0.030000,0.600000,0.110000,0.490000,0.110000
us-surge-pricing__question-a,us__surge-pricing,Surge Pricing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/surge-pricing/,US,2014-01-13,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Transport",Question A,"Using surge pricing to allocate transportation services — such as Uber does with its cars — raises consumer welfare through various potential channels, such as increasing the supply of those services, allocating them to people who desire them the most, and reducing search and queuing costs.",,46,43,18,19,4,0,2,1,2,0.860465,0.046512,0.093023,0.813953,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.046512,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-01-13-US-EEP-Surge-Pricing.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.470000,0.380000,0.080000,0.000000,0.060000,0.850000,0.060000,0.790000,0.060000
us-chairman-bernanke__question-a,us__chairman-bernanke,Chairman Bernanke,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/chairman-bernanke/,US,2014-01-28,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,Informed postmortems of Ben Bernanke’s Fed chairmanship will judge favorably the Fed's creative and aggressive policy initiatives from autumn 2008 through early 2009.,,46,41,19,17,5,0,0,1,4,0.878049,0.000000,0.121951,0.878049,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-01-28-US-EEP-Chairman-Bernanke.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.560000,0.340000,0.090000,0.000000,0.000000,0.900000,0.000000,0.900000,0.000000
us-robots__question-a,us__robots,Robots,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/robots/,US,2014-02-25,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,Advancing automation has not historically reduced employment in the United States.,,45,38,8,26,3,1,0,4,3,0.894737,0.026316,0.078947,0.868421,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-02-25-US-EEP-Robots.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.250000,0.630000,0.080000,0.040000,0.000000,0.880000,0.040000,0.840000,0.040000
us-robots__question-b,us__robots,Robots,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/robots/,US,2014-02-25,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,"Information technology and automation are a central reason why median wages have been stagnant in the US over the past decade, despite rising productivity.",,45,37,0,15,13,8,1,5,3,0.405405,0.243243,0.351351,0.162162,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.243243,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-02-25-US-EEP-Robots.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.000000,0.430000,0.300000,0.240000,0.040000,0.430000,0.280000,0.150000,0.280000
us-college-athletes__question-a,us__college-athletes,College Athletes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/college-athletes/,US,2014-04-07,"Education & Skills; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,"If the NCAA let colleges pay athletes with more than scholarships (which currently may cover tuition, books, room and board), then top colleges in men’s basketball and football would pay most athletes substantial sums beyond full scholarships.",,45,43,17,21,4,1,0,0,2,0.883721,0.023256,0.093023,0.860465,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.023256,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-04-07-US-EEP-College-Athletes.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.440000,0.460000,0.080000,0.020000,0.000000,0.900000,0.020000,0.880000,0.020000
us-european-debt-2__question-a,us__european-debt-2,European Debt,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-debt-2/,US,2014-04-22,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Public Debt & Deficits",Question A,The recent oversubscribed debt issues of Greece and Portugal suggest that sovereign default by any euro area country is unlikely in the foreseeable future.,,45,39,1,21,8,8,1,4,2,0.564103,0.230769,0.205128,0.333333,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.230769,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-04-22-US-EEP-European-Debt.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.030000,0.540000,0.150000,0.250000,0.030000,0.570000,0.280000,0.290000,0.280000
us-coronavirus-relief__question-a,us__coronavirus-relief,Coronavirus Relief,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/coronavirus-relief/,US,2021-02-08,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"Until mass vaccination is achieved, any additional government spending going directly to households should focus on keeping low-income individuals and families safe and healthy rather than on boosting current economic activity.","With Congress working on a $1.9 trillion Covid-19 relief package, potentially including an additional $1,400 in direct payments to individuals, we invited our US panel to express their views on the proposals. We asked the experts whether they agree or disagree with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,42,6,26,7,3,0,0,1,0.761905,0.071429,0.166667,0.690476,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.071429,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021-02-08-US-EEP-Coronavirus-Relief.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.180000,0.640000,0.120000,0.060000,0.000000,0.820000,0.060000,0.760000,0.060000
us-coronavirus-relief__question-b,us__coronavirus-relief,Coronavirus Relief,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/coronavirus-relief/,US,2021-02-08,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"If the goal is to boost current economic activity, targeting checks at households making less than $75,000 per year would be more cost-effective than providing checks to higher income households as well.","With Congress working on a $1.9 trillion Covid-19 relief package, potentially including an additional $1,400 in direct payments to individuals, we invited our US panel to express their views on the proposals. We asked the experts whether they agree or disagree with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,42,15,25,2,0,0,0,1,0.952381,0.000000,0.047619,0.952381,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021-02-08-US-EEP-Coronavirus-Relief.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.370000,0.570000,0.060000,0.000000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000
us-patents__question-a,us__patents,Patents,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/patents/,US,2014-06-24,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"All else equal, Patent Assertion Entities — which specialize in acquiring and asserting patents and are popularly known as “patent trolls"" — promote innovation in the U.S.",,44,33,0,1,11,16,5,5,6,0.030303,0.636364,0.333333,-0.606061,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.030303,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-06-24-US-EEP-Patents.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.040000,0.280000,0.430000,0.250000,0.040000,0.680000,-0.640000,0.040000
us-patents__question-b,us__patents,Patents,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/patents/,US,2014-06-24,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,"Within the software industry, the US patent system makes consumers better off than they would be in the absence of patents.",,44,35,2,9,13,7,4,2,7,0.314286,0.314286,0.371429,0.000000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.314286,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-06-24-US-EEP-Patents.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.080000,0.260000,0.350000,0.170000,0.140000,0.340000,0.310000,0.030000,0.310000
us-congress-and-monetary-policy__question-a,us__congress-and-monetary-policy,Congress and Monetary Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/congress-and-monetary-policy/,US,2014-07-14,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"Legislation introduced in Congress would require the Federal Reserve to ""submit to the appropriate congressional committees…a Directive Policy Rule"", which shall ""describe the strategy or rule of the Federal Open Market Committee for the systematic quantitative adjustment of the Policy Instrument Target to respond to a change in the Intermediate Policy Inputs."" Should the Fed deviate from the rule, the Fed Chair would have to ""testify before the appropriate congressional committees as to why the [rule]…is not in compliance."" Enacting this provision would improve monetary policy outcomes in the U.S.",,44,38,0,0,5,23,10,1,5,0.000000,0.868421,0.131579,-0.868421,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-07-14-US-EEP-Congress-and-Monetary-Policy.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.000000,0.100000,0.570000,0.330000,0.000000,0.900000,-0.900000,0.000000
us-fracking-revisited__question-a,us__fracking-revisited,Fracking (revisited),https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fracking-revisited/,US,2014-08-12,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,"New technology for fracking natural gas, by lowering energy costs in the United States, will make US industrial firms more cost competitive and thus significantly stimulate the growth of US merchandise exports. (The experts panel previously voted on this question on May 23, 2012. Those earlier results can be found here .)",,44,37,3,17,9,6,2,1,6,0.540541,0.216216,0.243243,0.324324,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.216216,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-08-12-US-EEP-Fracking-revisited.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.130000,0.460000,0.150000,0.190000,0.080000,0.590000,0.270000,0.320000,0.270000
us-cubas-economy__question-a,us__cubas-economy,Cuba’s Economy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/cubas-economy/,US,2012-05-15,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,Cuba’s low per-capita income growth — 1.2 percent per year since 1960 —has more to do with Cuba’s own economic policies than with the U.S. embargo on trade and tourism.,,40,33,12,19,2,0,0,2,5,0.939394,0.000000,0.060606,0.939394,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-05-15-US-EEP-Cubas-Economy.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.490000,0.490000,0.010000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
us-cable-satellite-tv-fees__question-a,us__cable-satellite-tv-fees,Cable-Satellite TV Fees,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/cable-satellite-tv-fees/,US,2012-07-24,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"Consumers would not necessarily be better off if cable and satellite TV firms were required to offer a la carte pricing for individual channels, because the networks' programming charges and the satellite-and-cable fees could adjust in response to this rule.",,40,26,1,19,4,2,0,7,7,0.769231,0.076923,0.153846,0.692308,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.076923,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-07-24-US-EEP-Cable-satellite-TV-Fees.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Political economy,source,0.90,0.080000,0.780000,0.040000,0.100000,0.000000,0.860000,0.100000,0.760000,0.100000
us-obesity-and-soft-drinks__question-a,us__obesity-and-soft-drinks,Obesity and Soft Drinks,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/obesity-and-soft-drinks/,US,2012-08-07,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,Taxes or bans on large bottles of soft drinks containing sugar are not likely to have a significant effect on obesity rates because people will substitute towards consuming excessive calories in other ways.,,39,29,0,12,8,9,0,2,8,0.413793,0.310345,0.275862,0.103448,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.310345,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-08-07-US-EEP-Obesity-and-Soft-Drinks.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.450000,0.210000,0.340000,0.000000,0.450000,0.340000,0.110000,0.340000
us-big-banks__question-a,us__big-banks,Big Banks,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/big-banks/,US,2012-11-06,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,"The U.S government should make further efforts to shrink the size of the country's largest banks — such as by capping the size of their liabilities or penalizing large banks more heavily through taxes or other means — because the existing regulations do not require the biggest banks to internalize enough of the ""too-big-to-fail"" risks that they pose.",,39,31,5,16,6,4,0,4,4,0.677419,0.129032,0.193548,0.548387,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.129032,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-11-06-US-EEP-Big-Banks.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.230000,0.420000,0.190000,0.160000,0.000000,0.650000,0.160000,0.490000,0.160000
us-big-banks__question-b,us__big-banks,Big Banks,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/big-banks/,US,2012-11-06,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,The economic benefits to the U.S. of having a handful of banks with balance sheets greater than $1 trillion are small.,,39,31,4,19,6,2,0,4,4,0.741935,0.064516,0.193548,0.677419,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.064516,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-11-06-US-EEP-Big-Banks.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.190000,0.610000,0.100000,0.100000,0.000000,0.800000,0.100000,0.700000,0.100000
us-bailouts-banks-and-automakers__question-a,us__bailouts-banks-and-automakers,Bailouts: Banks and Automakers,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bailouts-banks-and-automakers/,US,2012-11-13,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,Taking into account all of the economic consequences — including the incentives of banks to ensure their own liquidity and solvency in the future — the benefits of bailing out U.S. banks in 2008 will end up exceeding the costs.,,39,33,4,19,5,5,0,0,6,0.696970,0.151515,0.151515,0.545455,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.151515,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-11-13-US-EEP-Bailouts-Banks-and-Automakers.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Banking; Financial regulation; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.170000,0.510000,0.190000,0.130000,0.000000,0.680000,0.130000,0.550000,0.130000
us-bailouts-banks-and-automakers__question-b,us__bailouts-banks-and-automakers,Bailouts: Banks and Automakers,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bailouts-banks-and-automakers/,US,2012-11-13,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,"Because GM and Chrysler were bailed out in 2008-09, the U.S. unemployment rate was lower at the end of 2010 than it would it have been if Congress and the executive branch had not intervened.",,39,33,6,22,4,1,0,0,6,0.848485,0.030303,0.121212,0.818182,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.030303,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-11-13-US-EEP-Bailouts-Banks-and-Automakers.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Banking; Financial regulation; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.240000,0.640000,0.080000,0.030000,0.000000,0.880000,0.030000,0.850000,0.030000
us-bailouts-banks-and-automakers__question-c,us__bailouts-banks-and-automakers,Bailouts: Banks and Automakers,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bailouts-banks-and-automakers/,US,2012-11-13,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Financial Markets & Banking",Question C,Taking into account all of the economic consequences — including effects on corporate managers' incentives and on creditors' expectations of how their claims will be treated in future bankruptcies — the benefits of bailing out GM and Chrysler will end up exceeding the costs.,,39,33,2,17,10,4,0,0,6,0.575758,0.121212,0.303030,0.454545,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.121212,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-11-13-US-EEP-Bailouts-Banks-and-Automakers.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Banking; Financial regulation; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.080000,0.460000,0.310000,0.150000,0.000000,0.540000,0.150000,0.390000,0.150000
us-japans-deflation__question-a,us__japans-deflation,Japan’s Deflation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/japans-deflation/,US,2013-01-29,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,The persistent deflation in Japan since 1997 could have been avoided had the Bank of Japan followed different monetary policies.,,38,27,8,12,6,1,0,7,4,0.740741,0.037037,0.222222,0.703704,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.037037,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-01-29-US-EEP-Japans-Deflation.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.430000,0.360000,0.160000,0.050000,0.000000,0.790000,0.050000,0.740000,0.050000
us-trade-deals__question-a,us__trade-deals,Trade Deals,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trade-deals/,US,2013-03-27,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,"Refusing to liberalize trade unless partner countries adopt new labor or environmental rules is a bad policy, because even if the new standards would reduce distortions on some dimensions, such a policy involves threatening to maintain large distortions in the form of restricted trade.",,38,33,3,12,11,7,0,4,1,0.454545,0.212121,0.333333,0.242424,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.212121,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-03-27-US-EEP-Trade-Deals.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.120000,0.370000,0.270000,0.250000,0.000000,0.490000,0.250000,0.240000,0.250000
us-high-debt-countries__question-a,us__high-debt-countries,High-Debt Countries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/high-debt-countries/,US,2013-04-09,Financial Markets & Banking; Public Debt & Deficits,Question A,"Countries that let their debt loads get high risk losing control of their own fiscal sustainability, through an adverse feedback loop in which doubts by lenders lead to higher government bond rates, which in turn make debt problems more severe.",,38,35,14,19,2,0,0,1,2,0.942857,0.000000,0.057143,0.942857,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-04-09-US-EEP-High-Debt-Countries.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.480000,0.460000,0.050000,0.000000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000
us-lng-exports__question-a,us__lng-exports,LNG Exports,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/lng-exports/,US,2013-06-05,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,Restricting US exports of liquefied natural gas would have adverse effects on the US economy.,,38,32,6,20,4,1,1,2,4,0.812500,0.062500,0.125000,0.750000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.062500,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-06-05-US-EEP-LNG-Exports.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.270000,0.580000,0.100000,0.010000,0.050000,0.850000,0.060000,0.790000,0.060000
us-fogel-on-slavery-2__question-a,us__fogel-on-slavery-2,Fogel on Slavery,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fogel-on-slavery-2/,US,2013-06-21,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,"Slavery in the United States was eradicated because of social and political events, not because it was an unprofitable institution for slaveholders.",,38,29,9,17,3,0,0,3,6,0.896552,0.000000,0.103448,0.896552,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-06-21-US-EEP-Fogel-on-Slavery.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.450000,0.520000,0.030000,0.000000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000
us-christmas-spending__question-a,us__christmas-spending,Christmas Spending,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/christmas-spending/,US,2015-12-22,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,"An annual December spending surge on parties, gift-giving and personal travel delivers net social benefits.",,42,31,6,15,6,4,0,5,6,0.677419,0.129032,0.193548,0.548387,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.129032,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-12-22-US-EEP-Christmas-Spending.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.320000,0.420000,0.140000,0.120000,0.000000,0.740000,0.120000,0.620000,0.120000
us-bah-humbug__question-a,us__bah-humbug,"Bah, Humbug",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bah-humbug/,US,2013-12-17,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"Giving specific presents as holiday gifts is inefficient, because recipients could satisfy their preferences much better with cash.",,46,43,1,7,10,18,7,0,3,0.186047,0.581395,0.232558,-0.395349,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.186047,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-12-17-US-EEP-Bah-Humbug.csv,mixed,,Political economy,source,0.90,0.030000,0.170000,0.190000,0.430000,0.190000,0.200000,0.620000,-0.420000,0.200000
us-supplying-kidneys__question-a,us__supplying-kidneys,Supplying Kidneys,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/supplying-kidneys/,US,2014-03-11,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,A market that allows payment for human kidneys should be established on a trial basis to help extend the lives of patients with kidney disease.,,42,36,5,14,12,3,2,1,5,0.527778,0.138889,0.333333,0.388889,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.138889,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-03-11-US-EEP-Supplying-Kidneys.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.160000,0.410000,0.270000,0.090000,0.070000,0.570000,0.160000,0.410000,0.160000
us-russia-sanctions__question-a,us__russia-sanctions,Russia Sanctions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/russia-sanctions/,US,2014-03-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,Past experience suggests that economic sanctions do little to deter the target countries from their course of action.,,45,36,0,10,13,13,0,5,4,0.277778,0.361111,0.361111,-0.083333,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.277778,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-03-25-US-EEP-Russia-Sanctions.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.000000,0.270000,0.330000,0.400000,0.000000,0.270000,0.400000,-0.130000,0.270000
us-gary-becker__question-a,us__gary-becker,Gary Becker,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/gary-becker/,US,2014-05-20,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"Employers that discriminate in hiring will be at a competitive disadvantage, if their customers do not care about their mix of employees, compared with firms that do not discriminate.",,45,40,8,24,6,2,0,1,4,0.800000,0.050000,0.150000,0.750000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.050000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-05-20-US-EEP-Gary-Becker.csv,mixed,,Political economy,source,0.90,0.280000,0.550000,0.110000,0.060000,0.000000,0.830000,0.060000,0.770000,0.060000
us-gary-becker__question-b,us__gary-becker,Gary Becker,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/gary-becker/,US,2014-05-20,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Social Policy & Society",Question B,"Rising market wages are an important reason — over and above any changes in medical technology, social norms or preferences — why family sizes have fallen over the past century in rich countries.",,45,38,5,21,12,0,0,3,4,0.684211,0.000000,0.315789,0.684211,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-05-20-US-EEP-Gary-Becker.csv,mixed,,Political economy,source,0.90,0.190000,0.560000,0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.750000,0.000000,0.750000,0.000000
us-scottish-independence__question-a,us__scottish-independence,Scottish Independence,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/scottish-independence/,US,2014-09-15,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question A,"Although there are many issues for Scotland’s voters to consider, one consequence of separating from the rest of the UK would be greater macroeconomic instability for Scotland for many years.",,44,38,2,25,10,1,0,5,1,0.710526,0.026316,0.263158,0.684211,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-09-15-US-EEP-Scottish-Independence.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.090000,0.620000,0.250000,0.040000,0.000000,0.710000,0.040000,0.670000,0.040000
us-piketty-on-inequality__question-a,us__piketty-on-inequality,Piketty on Inequality,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/piketty-on-inequality/,US,2014-10-14,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,The most powerful force pushing towards greater wealth inequality in the US since the 1970s is the gap between the after-tax return on capital and the economic growth rate.,,43,34,0,1,6,20,7,2,7,0.029412,0.794118,0.176471,-0.764706,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.029412,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-10-14-US-EEP-Piketty-on-Inequality.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Inequality/redistribution; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.030000,0.150000,0.540000,0.270000,0.030000,0.810000,-0.780000,0.030000
us-greeces-referendum__question-a,us__greeces-referendum,Greece’s Referendum,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/greeces-referendum/,US,2015-07-04,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question A,The median Greek citizen will be better off if there is a “yes” vote in the July 5 referendum on whether to accept the terms of the bailout package offered by Greece's creditors.,,42,36,1,15,14,6,0,2,4,0.444444,0.166667,0.388889,0.277778,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.166667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-07-04-US-EEP-Greeces-Referendum.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.040000,0.360000,0.420000,0.170000,0.000000,0.400000,0.170000,0.230000,0.170000
us-standardized-tests__question-a,us__standardized-tests,Standardized Tests,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/standardized-tests/,US,2015-11-03,"Education & Skills; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,Comparing their students’ average gains on standardized tests over the school year makes it easier to predict which teachers — all else equal — are more likely to improve their student’s long-term life outcomes.,,42,37,5,28,4,0,0,3,2,0.891892,0.000000,0.108108,0.891892,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-11-03-US-EEP-Standardized-Tests.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.220000,0.700000,0.080000,0.000000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000
us-nash-equilibrium__question-a,us__nash-equilibrium,Nash Equilibrium,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/nash-equilibrium/,US,2015-06-02,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"Behavior in many complex and seemingly intractable strategic settings can be understood more clearly by working out what each party in the game will choose to do if they realize that the other parties will be solving the same problem. This insight has helped us understand behavior as diverse as military conflicts, price setting by competing firms and penalty kicking in soccer.",,42,39,28,11,0,0,0,0,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-06-02-US-EEP-Nash-Equilibrium.csv,mixed,,Political economy,source,0.90,0.790000,0.210000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
europe-vaccines-in-europe__question-a,europe__vaccines-in-europe,Vaccines in Europe,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccines-in-europe/,Europe,2021-03-09,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"EU Covid-19 vaccination efforts are significantly behind those of Israel, Serbia, the UK and the US. Offering substantially higher prices per dose would have resulted in larger capacity investments by vaccine makers and accelerated distribution in Europe significantly.",,48,42,7,22,9,3,1,1,5,0.690476,0.095238,0.214286,0.595238,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.095238,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-03-09-Euro-EEP-Vaccines-in-Europe.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.240000,0.530000,0.120000,0.070000,0.030000,0.770000,0.100000,0.670000,0.100000
europe-vaccines-in-europe__question-b,europe__vaccines-in-europe,Vaccines in Europe,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccines-in-europe/,Europe,2021-03-09,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,"In the current situation, paying for more production capacity would be better than offering higher prices for vaccines.",,48,43,5,20,16,2,0,0,5,0.581395,0.046512,0.372093,0.534884,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.046512,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-03-09-Euro-EEP-Vaccines-in-Europe.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.140000,0.430000,0.380000,0.050000,0.000000,0.570000,0.050000,0.520000,0.050000
europe-vaccines-in-europe__question-c,europe__vaccines-in-europe,Vaccines in Europe,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccines-in-europe/,Europe,2021-03-09,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,"If the EU started paying prices above 100 euros per dose, it would on net reduce the cost of the pandemic to the EU via more lives saved and shorter lockdowns.",,48,43,6,15,17,3,2,0,5,0.488372,0.116279,0.395349,0.372093,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.116279,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-03-09-Euro-EEP-Vaccines-in-Europe.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.210000,0.390000,0.260000,0.070000,0.070000,0.600000,0.140000,0.460000,0.140000
us-pricing-emissions__question-a,us__pricing-emissions,Pricing Emissions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/pricing-emissions/,US,2021-03-09,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,Sound policy would involve increasing significantly the currently near-zero price of emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.,,43,40,34,5,1,0,0,2,1,0.975000,0.000000,0.025000,0.975000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-03-09-US-EEP-Pricing-Emissions.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.890000,0.100000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
us-oil-price-speculation__question-a,us__oil-price-speculation,Oil Price Speculation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/oil-price-speculation/,US,2016-02-16,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,"Large movements in monthly oil prices, either up or down, are driven primarily by speculators, as opposed to changes in the current (and planned) supply or demand for oil.",,42,35,1,6,4,15,9,2,5,0.200000,0.685714,0.114286,-0.485714,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.200000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-02-16-US-EEP-Oil-Price-Speculation.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.040000,0.190000,0.080000,0.380000,0.320000,0.230000,0.700000,-0.470000,0.230000
us-primary-voting__question-a,us__primary-voting,Primary Voting,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/primary-voting/,US,2016-03-07,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,"There is no perfect voting system. That is, no voting system can ensure that the winner will be the person who best represents voters’ wishes, including how intensely they favor or disfavor each candidate.",,42,39,24,15,0,0,0,0,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-03-07-US-EEP-Primary-Voting.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.710000,0.290000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-primary-voting__question-b,us__primary-voting,Primary Voting,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/primary-voting/,US,2016-03-07,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question B,"One clear defect of a winner-take-all election with 3 or more candidates, and with each voter choosing only one candidate, is that a candidate who is strongly disliked by a majority, but strongly liked by a minority, can beat a candidate who is liked by a majority and disliked by relatively few.",,42,37,16,20,1,0,0,2,3,0.972973,0.000000,0.027027,0.972973,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-03-07-US-EEP-Primary-Voting.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.510000,0.470000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
us-att-and-time-warner__question-a,us__att-and-time-warner,AT&T and Time Warner,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/att-and-time-warner/,US,2016-11-08,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,A merger of AT&T and Time Warner would likely increase consumer surplus over the ensuing decade.,,42,29,0,2,17,9,1,5,8,0.068966,0.344828,0.586207,-0.275862,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.068966,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-11-08-US-EEP-ATT-and-TIme-Warner.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.090000,0.550000,0.320000,0.040000,0.090000,0.360000,-0.270000,0.090000
us-u-s-state-budgets-revisited__question-a,us__u-s-state-budgets-revisited,U.S. State Budgets (revisited),https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/u-s-state-budgets-revisited/,US,2014-08-26,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"By discounting pension liabilities at high interest rates under government accounting standards, many U.S. state and local governments understate their pension liabilities and the costs of providing pensions to public-sector workers. (The experts panel previously voted on this question on October 1, 2012. Those earlier results can be found here .)",,44,35,16,17,1,1,0,2,7,0.942857,0.028571,0.028571,0.914286,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.028571,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-08-26-US-EEP-US-State-Budgets-revisited.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation,source,0.90,0.580000,0.380000,0.020000,0.020000,0.000000,0.960000,0.020000,0.940000,0.020000
us-u-s-state-budgets-revisited__question-b,us__u-s-state-budgets-revisited,U.S. State Budgets (revisited),https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/u-s-state-budgets-revisited/,US,2014-08-26,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,"During the next two decades some U.S. states, unless they substantially increase taxes, cut spending, and/or change public-sector pensions, will require a combination of severe austerity budgets, a federal bailout, and/or default. (The experts panel previously voted on this question on October 1, 2012. Those earlier results can be found here .)",,44,36,6,24,6,0,0,1,7,0.833333,0.000000,0.166667,0.833333,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-08-26-US-EEP-US-State-Budgets-revisited.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation,source,0.90,0.240000,0.640000,0.120000,0.000000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000
us-u-s-state-budgets__question-a,us__u-s-state-budgets,U.S. State Budgets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/u-s-state-budgets/,US,2012-10-01,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"By discounting pension liabilities at high interest rates under government accounting standards, many U.S. state and local governments understate their pension liabilities and the costs of providing pensions to public-sector workers.",,39,39,19,19,1,0,0,0,0,0.974359,0.000000,0.025641,0.974359,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-10-01-US-EEP-US-State-Budgets.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy,source,0.90,0.590000,0.390000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
us-u-s-state-budgets__question-b,us__u-s-state-budgets,U.S. State Budgets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/u-s-state-budgets/,US,2012-10-01,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"During the next two decades some U.S. states, unless they substantially increase taxes, cut spending, and/or change public-sector pensions, will require a combination of severe austerity budgets, a federal bailout, and/or default.",,39,38,11,25,2,0,0,1,0,0.947368,0.000000,0.052632,0.947368,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-10-01-US-EEP-US-State-Budgets.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy,source,0.90,0.390000,0.600000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
us-infrastructure-revisited__question-a,us__infrastructure-revisited,Infrastructure (revisited),https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/infrastructure-revisited/,US,2014-09-09,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Transport",Question A,"Because the US has underspent on new projects, maintenance, or both, the federal government has an opportunity to increase average incomes by spending more on roads, railways, bridges and airports. (The experts panel previously voted on this question on May 23, 2013. Those earlier results can be found here .)",,44,38,10,26,2,0,0,1,5,0.947368,0.000000,0.052632,0.947368,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-09-08-US-EEP-Infrastructure-revisited.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Fiscal policy; Political economy,mixed,0.80,0.330000,0.650000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
us-infrastructure-revisited__question-b,us__infrastructure-revisited,Infrastructure (revisited),https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/infrastructure-revisited/,US,2014-09-09,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Transport",Question B,"Past experience of public spending and political economy suggests that if the government spent more on roads, railways, bridges and airports, many of the projects would have low or negative returns. (The experts panel previously voted on this question on May 23, 2013. Those earlier results can be found here .)",,44,38,2,16,13,7,0,1,5,0.473684,0.184211,0.342105,0.289474,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.184211,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-09-08-US-EEP-Infrastructure-revisited.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Fiscal policy; Political economy,mixed,0.80,0.090000,0.430000,0.290000,0.190000,0.000000,0.520000,0.190000,0.330000,0.190000
us-taxi-competition__question-a,us__taxi-competition,Taxi Competition,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/taxi-competition/,US,2014-09-29,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Transport",Question A,"Letting car services such as Uber or Lyft compete with taxi firms on equal footing regarding genuine safety and insurance requirements, but without restrictions on prices or routes, raises consumer welfare.",,43,40,24,16,0,0,0,0,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-09-29-US-EEP-Taxi-Competition.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.650000,0.350000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-amazon-and-market-power__question-a,us__amazon-and-market-power,Amazon and Market Power,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/amazon-and-market-power/,US,2014-10-28,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Amazon has monopsony power in the market for books that is significantly reducing the supply of books.,,43,36,1,4,14,13,4,1,6,0.138889,0.472222,0.388889,-0.333333,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.138889,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-10-28-US-EEP-Amazon-and-Market-Power.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.040000,0.140000,0.350000,0.310000,0.150000,0.180000,0.460000,-0.280000,0.180000
us-amazon-and-market-power__question-b,us__amazon-and-market-power,Amazon and Market Power,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/amazon-and-market-power/,US,2014-10-28,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"Amazon has sufficient monopsony power that regulatory intervention is likely to make consumers of books better off, taking into account implementation costs and the effect of intervention on incentives.",,43,34,0,3,15,11,5,3,6,0.088235,0.470588,0.441176,-0.382353,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.088235,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-10-28-US-EEP-Amazon-and-Market-Power.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.100000,0.420000,0.310000,0.170000,0.100000,0.480000,-0.380000,0.100000
us-fast-track-authority__question-a,us__fast-track-authority,Fast-Track Authority,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fast-track-authority/,US,2014-11-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,"By lowering bargaining costs, fast-track negotiating authority for the president makes it more likely that the U.S. can conclude major trade deals.",,43,40,15,23,2,0,0,1,2,0.950000,0.000000,0.050000,0.950000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-11-10-US-EEP-Fast-track-Authority.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.450000,0.540000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
us-fast-track-authority__question-b,us__fast-track-authority,Fast-Track Authority,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fast-track-authority/,US,2014-11-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,Past major trade deals have benefited most Americans.,,43,40,7,29,4,0,0,1,2,0.900000,0.000000,0.100000,0.900000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-11-10-US-EEP-Fast-track-Authority.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.230000,0.700000,0.070000,0.000000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000
us-repatriated-profits__question-a,us__repatriated-profits,Repatriated Profits,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/repatriated-profits/,US,2014-11-25,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,Lowering the effective marginal tax rate on US corporations’ repatriated profits for a year would boost US capital investment significantly.,,43,32,0,4,11,11,6,2,9,0.125000,0.531250,0.343750,-0.406250,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.125000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-11-25-US-EEP-Repatriated-Profits.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.100000,0.280000,0.350000,0.280000,0.100000,0.630000,-0.530000,0.100000
us-repatriated-profits__question-b,us__repatriated-profits,Repatriated Profits,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/repatriated-profits/,US,2014-11-25,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"Permanently lowering the effective marginal tax rate on US corporations’ repatriated profits, such as by moving to a territorial-based tax system, would boost US capital investment significantly.",,43,31,0,6,19,6,0,3,9,0.193548,0.193548,0.612903,0.000000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.193548,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-11-25-US-EEP-Repatriated-Profits.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.170000,0.610000,0.220000,0.000000,0.170000,0.220000,-0.050000,0.170000
us-trade-balances__question-a,us__trade-balances,Trade Balances,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trade-balances/,US,2014-12-09,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,A typical country can increase its citizens’ welfare by enacting policies that would increase its trade surplus (or decrease its trade deficit).,,43,30,0,2,10,11,7,4,9,0.066667,0.600000,0.333333,-0.533333,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.066667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-12-10-US-EEP-Trade-Balances.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.060000,0.280000,0.310000,0.350000,0.060000,0.660000,-0.600000,0.060000
us-economists-and-conventions__question-a,us__economists-and-conventions,Economists and Conventions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economists-and-conventions/,US,2014-12-23,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,A US city hosting a big convention will enjoy a higher boost to incremental spending — holding the number of visitors and their average incomes fixed — if those visitors are auto dealers rather than economists.,,43,34,5,21,7,0,1,3,6,0.764706,0.029412,0.205882,0.735294,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.029412,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-12-23-US-EEP-Economists-and-Conventions.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.220000,0.600000,0.130000,0.000000,0.050000,0.820000,0.050000,0.770000,0.050000
us-oil-prices__question-a,us__oil-prices,Oil Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/oil-prices/,US,2015-01-13,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question A,The recent decline in oil prices will promote higher real GDP in the US over the next couple of years.,,43,40,8,27,5,0,0,0,3,0.875000,0.000000,0.125000,0.875000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-01-13-US-EEP-Oil-Prices.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.260000,0.640000,0.110000,0.000000,0.000000,0.900000,0.000000,0.900000,0.000000
us-textbook-prices__question-a,us__textbook-prices,Textbook Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/textbook-prices/,US,2015-01-27,"Education & Skills; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"Most college professors who assign textbooks would not be able to guess, within 10% of the actual figure, the retail price that their students pay for new copies of those books.",,43,34,3,24,7,0,0,5,4,0.794118,0.000000,0.205882,0.794118,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-01-27-US-EEP-Textbook-Prices.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Antitrust/competition; Housing/urban policy,mixed,0.80,0.150000,0.740000,0.110000,0.000000,0.000000,0.890000,0.000000,0.890000,0.000000
us-textbook-prices__question-b,us__textbook-prices,Textbook Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/textbook-prices/,US,2015-01-27,"Education & Skills; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"Since students can resell college textbooks or rent electronic versions, the net burden on students is substantially lower than retail prices for new textbook purchases would suggest.",,43,38,4,25,6,3,0,1,4,0.763158,0.078947,0.157895,0.684211,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.078947,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-01-27-US-EEP-Textbook-Prices.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Antitrust/competition; Housing/urban policy,mixed,0.80,0.150000,0.680000,0.120000,0.060000,0.000000,0.830000,0.060000,0.770000,0.060000
us-textbook-prices__question-c,us__textbook-prices,Textbook Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/textbook-prices/,US,2015-01-27,"Education & Skills; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,"Even though the professors who select textbooks are different form the people who pay for them, the price of new edition college textbooks reflect classic forces of supply and demand.",,43,36,0,12,7,14,3,3,4,0.333333,0.472222,0.194444,-0.138889,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.333333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-01-27-US-EEP-Textbook-Prices.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Antitrust/competition; Housing/urban policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.320000,0.160000,0.440000,0.080000,0.320000,0.520000,-0.200000,0.320000
us-dynamic-scoring__question-a,us__dynamic-scoring,Dynamic Scoring,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/dynamic-scoring/,US,2015-02-10,Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"Changing federal income tax rates, or the income bases to which those rates apply, can affect federal tax revenues partly by altering people’s behavior, and thus their actual or reported incomes.",,42,38,28,10,0,0,0,0,4,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-02-10-US-EEP-Dynamic-Scoring.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.790000,0.210000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-dynamic-scoring__question-b,us__dynamic-scoring,Dynamic Scoring,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/dynamic-scoring/,US,2015-02-10,Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,"To the extent that a given tax change might affect revenues partly by affecting national-income growth, existing research provides enough guidance to generate informative bounds on the size of any growth-driven revenue effect.",,42,37,0,12,11,12,2,1,4,0.324324,0.378378,0.297297,-0.054054,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.324324,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-02-10-US-EEP-Dynamic-Scoring.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.350000,0.270000,0.310000,0.070000,0.350000,0.380000,-0.030000,0.350000
us-dynamic-scoring__question-c,us__dynamic-scoring,Dynamic Scoring,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/dynamic-scoring/,US,2015-02-10,Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending,Question C,"For large proposed changes in tax rates or the tax base, official revenue forecasts provided to Congress would probably be more accurate if the CBO and JCT tried to estimate fully how the proposed tax changes would affect growth-driven revenue.",,42,38,1,19,9,7,2,0,4,0.526316,0.236842,0.236842,0.289474,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.236842,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-02-10-US-EEP-Dynamic-Scoring.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.050000,0.500000,0.200000,0.170000,0.080000,0.550000,0.250000,0.300000,0.250000
us-vaccines__question-a,us__vaccines,Vaccines,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccines/,US,2015-03-10,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,"Declining to be vaccinated against contagious diseases such as measles imposes costs on other people, which is a negative externality.",,42,39,36,3,0,0,0,0,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-03-10-US-EEP-Vaccines.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.950000,0.050000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-vaccines__question-b,us__vaccines,Vaccines,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccines/,US,2015-03-10,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question B,"Considering the costs of restricting free choice, and the share of people in the US who choose not to vaccinate their children for measles, the social benefit of mandating measles vaccines for all Americans (except those with compelling medical reasons) would exceed the social cost.",,42,38,13,19,4,2,0,1,3,0.842105,0.052632,0.105263,0.789474,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.052632,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-03-10-US-EEP-Vaccines.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.440000,0.450000,0.050000,0.060000,0.000000,0.890000,0.060000,0.830000,0.060000
us-raising-interest-rates__question-a,us__raising-interest-rates,Raising Interest Rates,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/raising-interest-rates/,US,2015-04-07,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,The Fed should wait until its preferred measure of inflation (Core PCE) is clearly rising — and not just forecast to rise — before it begins hiking interest rates.,,42,31,1,16,5,8,1,4,7,0.548387,0.290323,0.161290,0.258065,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.290323,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-04-07-US-EEP-Raising-Interest-Rates.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.060000,0.500000,0.100000,0.290000,0.050000,0.560000,0.340000,0.220000,0.340000
us-californias-drought__question-a,us__californias-drought,California’s Drought,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/californias-drought/,US,2015-04-21,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question A,"Californians would be better off on average if all final users in the state paid the same price for water — adjusted for quality, place and time — even if, as a result, some food prices rose sharply and some farms failed.",,42,37,13,16,7,1,0,0,5,0.783784,0.027027,0.189189,0.756757,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.027027,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-04-21-US-EEP-Californias-Drought.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.480000,0.390000,0.120000,0.010000,0.000000,0.870000,0.010000,0.860000,0.010000
us-us-median-income__question-a,us__us-median-income,US Median Income,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/us-median-income/,US,2015-05-12,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,"The 9% cumulative increase in real US median household income since 1980 substantially understates how much better off people in the median American household are now economically, compared with 35 years ago.",,42,38,4,21,9,4,0,0,4,0.657895,0.105263,0.236842,0.552632,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.105263,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-05-21-US-EEP-US-Median-Income.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.150000,0.550000,0.210000,0.090000,0.000000,0.700000,0.090000,0.610000,0.090000
us-currency-manipulation__question-a,us__currency-manipulation,Currency Manipulation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/currency-manipulation/,US,2015-06-16,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,Economic analysis can identify whether countries are using their exchange rates to benefit their own people at the expense of their trading partners’ welfare.,,42,30,0,8,14,8,0,5,7,0.266667,0.266667,0.466667,0.000000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.266667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-06-16-US-EEP-Currency-Manipulation.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics; Monetary policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.300000,0.370000,0.340000,0.000000,0.300000,0.340000,-0.040000,0.300000
us-currency-manipulation__question-b,us__currency-manipulation,Currency Manipulation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/currency-manipulation/,US,2015-06-16,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,Bank of Japan monetary policies that result in a weaker yen make Americans generally worse off.,,42,28,0,3,13,12,0,7,7,0.107143,0.428571,0.464286,-0.321429,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.107143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-06-16-US-EEP-Currency-Manipulation.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics; Monetary policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.090000,0.360000,0.540000,0.000000,0.090000,0.540000,-0.450000,0.090000
us-15-minimum-wage__question-a,us__15-minimum-wage,$15 Minimum Wage,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/15-minimum-wage/,US,2015-09-22,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,"If the federal minimum wage is raised gradually to $15-per-hour by 2020, the employment rate for low-wage US workers will be substantially lower than it would be under the status quo.",,42,37,2,9,16,10,0,0,5,0.297297,0.270270,0.432432,0.027027,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.270270,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-09-22-US-EEP-15-Minimum-Wage.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.090000,0.250000,0.370000,0.290000,0.000000,0.340000,0.290000,0.050000,0.290000
us-15-minimum-wage__question-b,us__15-minimum-wage,$15 Minimum Wage,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/15-minimum-wage/,US,2015-09-22,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question B,Increasing the federal minimum wage gradually to $15-per-hour by 2020 would substantially increase aggregate output in the US economy.,,42,37,0,1,13,15,8,0,5,0.027027,0.621622,0.351351,-0.594595,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.027027,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-09-22-US-EEP-15-Minimum-Wage.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.000000,0.040000,0.270000,0.380000,0.310000,0.040000,0.690000,-0.650000,0.040000
us-health-insurance-subsidies__question-a,us__health-insurance-subsidies,Health Insurance Subsidies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/health-insurance-subsidies/,US,2015-10-05,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,Expanding health insurance to more people through the ACA’s public subsidies and Medicaid expansion will reduce total healthcare spending in the economy.,,42,39,0,3,14,16,6,1,2,0.076923,0.564103,0.358974,-0.487179,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.076923,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-10-05-US-EEP-Health-Insurance-Subsidies.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.070000,0.300000,0.410000,0.220000,0.070000,0.630000,-0.560000,0.070000
us-health-insurance-subsidies__question-b,us__health-insurance-subsidies,Health Insurance Subsidies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/health-insurance-subsidies/,US,2015-10-05,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question B,Expanding health insurance to more people through the ACA’s public subsidies and Medicaid expansion will generate gains in the health and well-being of the newly insured that exceed the costs.,,42,40,6,23,9,2,0,0,2,0.725000,0.050000,0.225000,0.675000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.050000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-10-05-US-EEP-Health-Insurance-Subsidies.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.200000,0.580000,0.190000,0.030000,0.000000,0.780000,0.030000,0.750000,0.030000
us-poverty-and-measurement__question-a,us__poverty-and-measurement,Poverty and Measurement,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/poverty-and-measurement/,US,2015-10-20,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,"The association between health and economic growth in poor countries primarily involves faster growth generating better health, rather than the other way around.",,42,32,5,13,8,5,1,2,8,0.562500,0.187500,0.250000,0.375000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.187500,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-10-20-US-EEP-Poverty-and-Measurement.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Inequality/redistribution; Healthcare,mixed,0.80,0.270000,0.410000,0.120000,0.140000,0.060000,0.680000,0.200000,0.480000,0.200000
us-poverty-and-measurement__question-b,us__poverty-and-measurement,Poverty and Measurement,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/poverty-and-measurement/,US,2015-10-20,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question B,"The decline in the fraction of people with incomes under, say, $1 per day is a good measure of whether well-being is improving among low-income populations.",,42,33,3,13,6,10,1,1,8,0.484848,0.333333,0.181818,0.151515,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.333333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-10-20-US-EEP-Poverty-and-Measurement.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Inequality/redistribution; Healthcare,mixed,0.80,0.140000,0.360000,0.150000,0.310000,0.030000,0.500000,0.340000,0.160000,0.340000
us-chinas-growth__question-a,us__chinas-growth,China’s Growth,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/chinas-growth/,US,2016-01-19,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity",Question A,"China’s growth model, specifically the unusually high investment rate and low consumption rate, is unsustainable.",,42,36,6,24,6,0,0,4,2,0.833333,0.000000,0.166667,0.833333,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-01-19-US-EEP-Chinas-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.230000,0.630000,0.140000,0.000000,0.000000,0.860000,0.000000,0.860000,0.000000
us-100-day-plan__question-a,us__100-day-plan,100-Day Plan,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/100-day-plan/,US,2016-11-16,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,"If all of the “Seven actions to protect American workers” in President-elect Trump’s 100-day plan (see link) are enacted, it will more likely than not improve the economic prospects of middle-class Americans over the next decade.",,42,30,0,0,2,16,12,1,11,0.000000,0.933333,0.066667,-0.933333,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-11-16-US-EEP-100-Day-Plan.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.000000,0.000000,0.070000,0.460000,0.470000,0.000000,0.930000,-0.930000,0.000000
us-100-day-plan__question-b,us__100-day-plan,100-Day Plan,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/100-day-plan/,US,2016-11-16,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,"If all of the “Seven actions to protect American workers” in President-elect Trump’s 100-day plan are enacted, it will more likely than not improve the economic prospects of low-skilled Americans over the next decade.",,42,30,0,1,4,13,12,1,11,0.033333,0.833333,0.133333,-0.800000,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.033333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-11-16-US-EEP-100-Day-Plan.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.000000,0.040000,0.100000,0.380000,0.480000,0.040000,0.860000,-0.820000,0.040000
us-trade-and-toughness__question-a,us__trade-and-toughness,Trade and Toughness,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trade-and-toughness/,US,2016-03-22,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,An important reason why many workers in Michigan and Ohio have lost jobs in recent years is because US presidential administrations over the past 30 years have not been tough enough in trade negotiations.,,42,35,0,2,6,19,8,3,4,0.057143,0.771429,0.171429,-0.714286,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.057143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-03-22-US-EEP-Trade-and-Toughness.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.000000,0.030000,0.100000,0.540000,0.320000,0.030000,0.860000,-0.830000,0.030000
us-bureau-of-labor-statistics__question-a,us__bureau-of-labor-statistics,Bureau of Labor Statistics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bureau-of-labor-statistics/,US,2016-04-12,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"By providing important measures of US economic performance — including employment, consumer prices, wages, job openings, time allocation in households, and productivity — the Bureau of Labor Statistics creates social benefits that exceed its annual cost of roughly $610 million.",,42,38,21,12,4,1,0,1,3,0.868421,0.026316,0.105263,0.842105,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-04-12-US-EEP-Bureau-of-Labor-Statistics.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.740000,0.220000,0.030000,0.010000,0.000000,0.960000,0.010000,0.950000,0.010000
us-bureau-of-labor-statistics__question-b,us__bureau-of-labor-statistics,Bureau of Labor Statistics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bureau-of-labor-statistics/,US,2016-04-12,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"Cuts in BLS spending would likely involve net social costs because potential declines in the quality of data, and thus their usefulness to researchers and decision makers, would exceed any budget savings.",,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-04-12-US-EEP-Bureau-of-Labor-Statistics.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.650000,0.300000,0.040000,0.010000,0.000000,0.950000,0.010000,0.940000,0.010000
us-breaking-up-banks__question-a,us__breaking-up-banks,Breaking Up Banks,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/breaking-up-banks/,US,2016-05-03,"Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"The four largest domestic US banks currently have around 40% of the industry’s domestic assets (an average of 10% each). In early 1998, before Glass-Steagall ended and before Citicorp merged with Travelers, they held 13.2% (an average of 3.3% each). Thirty years ago, before interstate branching was fully permitted, that combined share was around 8% (an average of 2% each). Capping US banks’ size so that no single bank could be larger than 4% of the sector's domestic assets would lower systemic risk in the US.",,42,32,0,14,13,5,0,0,10,0.437500,0.156250,0.406250,0.281250,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.156250,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-05-03-US-EEP-Breaking-Up-Banks.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.500000,0.390000,0.120000,0.000000,0.500000,0.120000,0.380000,0.120000
us-breaking-up-banks__question-b,us__breaking-up-banks,Breaking Up Banks,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/breaking-up-banks/,US,2016-05-03,"Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,The US financial system would contribute more to the average American's welfare if the size of US banks were capped so that none could be larger than 4% of the sector's domestic assets.,,42,31,0,8,16,7,0,1,10,0.258065,0.225806,0.516129,0.032258,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.225806,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-05-03-US-EEP-Breaking-Up-Banks.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.250000,0.480000,0.270000,0.000000,0.250000,0.270000,-0.020000,0.250000
us-cadillac-tax__question-a,us__cadillac-tax,Cadillac Tax,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/cadillac-tax/,US,2016-05-17,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,The “Cadillac tax” on expensive employer-provided health insurance plans will reduce costly distortions in US health care if it is allowed to take effect as scheduled in 2018.,,42,34,2,25,7,0,0,0,8,0.794118,0.000000,0.205882,0.794118,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-05-17-US-EEP-Cadillac-Tax.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.080000,0.760000,0.160000,0.000000,0.000000,0.840000,0.000000,0.840000,0.000000
us-inequality-and-monetary-policy__question-a,us__inequality-and-monetary-policy,Inequality and Monetary Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-and-monetary-policy/,US,2016-06-07,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,The ratio of the 90th to the 10th percentile of the US income distribution has been unaffected by the Federal Reserve's unconventional monetary policies since the financial crisis.,,42,33,1,6,17,9,0,2,7,0.212121,0.272727,0.515152,-0.060606,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.212121,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-06-07-US-EEP-Inequality-and-Monetary-Policy.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Inequality/redistribution; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.010000,0.240000,0.420000,0.330000,0.000000,0.250000,0.330000,-0.080000,0.250000
us-universal-basic-income__question-a,us__universal-basic-income,Universal Basic Income,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/universal-basic-income/,US,2016-06-28,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"Granting every American citizen over 21-years old a universal basic income of $13,000 a year — financed by eliminating all transfer programs (including Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, housing subsidies, household welfare payments, and farm and corporate subsidies) — would be a better policy than the status quo.",,42,34,0,1,8,18,7,4,4,0.029412,0.735294,0.235294,-0.705882,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.029412,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-06-28-US-EEP-Universal-Basic-Income.csv,mixed,,Inequality/redistribution; Political economy; Healthcare; Housing/urban policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.010000,0.150000,0.500000,0.340000,0.010000,0.840000,-0.830000,0.010000
us-brexit-ii__question-a,us__brexit-ii,Brexit II,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/brexit-ii/,US,2016-07-12,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity",Question A,"Because of the Brexit vote's outcome, the UK's real per-capita income level is likely to be lower a decade from now.",,42,40,3,27,6,2,2,0,2,0.750000,0.100000,0.150000,0.650000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-07-12-US-EEP-Brexit-II.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.100000,0.640000,0.140000,0.040000,0.080000,0.740000,0.120000,0.620000,0.120000
us-brexit-ii__question-b,us__brexit-ii,Brexit II,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/brexit-ii/,US,2016-07-12,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity",Question B,"Because of the Brexit vote's outcome, the rest of the EU's real per-capita income level is likely to be lower a decade from now.",,42,40,2,24,9,4,1,0,2,0.650000,0.125000,0.225000,0.525000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.125000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-07-12-US-EEP-Brexit-II.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.060000,0.610000,0.200000,0.080000,0.050000,0.670000,0.130000,0.540000,0.130000
us-science-technology-and-immigration__question-a,us__science-technology-and-immigration,"Science, Technology and Immigration",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/science-technology-and-immigration/,US,2016-09-20,"Migration; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Allowing US-based employers to hire many more immigrants with advanced degrees in science or engineering would lower (at least temporarily) the premium earned by current American workers with similar degrees.,,42,38,3,27,7,1,0,0,4,0.789474,0.026316,0.184211,0.763158,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-09-20-US-EEP-Science-Technology-and-Immigration.csv,mixed,,Immigration; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.100000,0.700000,0.160000,0.040000,0.000000,0.800000,0.040000,0.760000,0.040000
us-science-technology-and-immigration__question-b,us__science-technology-and-immigration,"Science, Technology and Immigration",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/science-technology-and-immigration/,US,2016-09-20,"Migration; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Allowing US-based employers to hire many more immigrants with advanced degrees in science or engineering would raise per capita income in the US over time.,,42,38,15,21,2,0,0,0,4,0.947368,0.000000,0.052632,0.947368,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-09-20-US-EEP-Science-Technology-and-Immigration.csv,mixed,,Immigration; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.440000,0.500000,0.060000,0.000000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000
us-import-duties__question-a,us__import-duties,Import Duties,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/import-duties/,US,2016-10-04,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"Adding new or higher import duties on products such as air conditioners, cars, and cookies — to encourage producers to make them in the US — would be a good idea.",,42,39,0,0,0,13,26,0,3,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,-1.000000,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-10-04-US-EEP-Import-Duties.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.300000,0.700000,0.000000,1.000000,-1.000000,0.000000
us-taxes-and-mandatory-spending__question-a,us__taxes-and-mandatory-spending,Taxes and Mandatory Spending,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/taxes-and-mandatory-spending/,US,2016-10-25,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"Long run fiscal sustainability in the US will require some combination of cuts in currently promised Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security benefits and/or tax increases that include higher taxes on households with incomes below $250,000.",,42,31,5,18,7,1,0,2,9,0.741935,0.032258,0.225806,0.709677,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.032258,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-10-25-US-EEP-Taxes-and-Mandatory-Spending.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Healthcare,mixed,0.80,0.250000,0.570000,0.150000,0.030000,0.000000,0.820000,0.030000,0.790000,0.030000
us-unemployment-benefits__question-a,us__unemployment-benefits,Unemployment Benefits,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/unemployment-benefits/,US,2021-05-25,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,The $300 supplement to weekly unemployment benefits available from now through September 6 constitutes a major disincentive to work for lower-wage workers.,,43,40,2,10,21,7,0,0,3,0.300000,0.175000,0.525000,0.125000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.175000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/2021-05-25-US-EEP-Unemployment-Benefits.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.090000,0.200000,0.550000,0.180000,0.000000,0.290000,0.180000,0.110000,0.180000
us-unemployment-benefits__question-b,us__unemployment-benefits,Unemployment Benefits,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/unemployment-benefits/,US,2021-05-25,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,The $300 supplement to weekly unemployment benefits available from now through September 6 is likely to lead to re-employment wages for currently unemployed workers that are higher by an economically meaningful amount.,,43,40,0,15,19,6,0,0,3,0.375000,0.150000,0.475000,0.225000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.150000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/2021-05-25-US-EEP-Unemployment-Benefits.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.380000,0.460000,0.160000,0.000000,0.380000,0.160000,0.220000,0.160000
us-unemployment-benefits__question-c,us__unemployment-benefits,Unemployment Benefits,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/unemployment-benefits/,US,2021-05-25,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,Click to write the question text,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/2021-05-25-US-EEP-Unemployment-Benefits.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000
europe-vaccines-for-developing-countries-2__question-a,europe__vaccines-for-developing-countries-2,Vaccines for Developing Countries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccines-for-developing-countries-2/,Europe,2021-05-11,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"Reliable Covid-19 vaccines will reach developing countries more quickly if the rich countries pay the pharmaceutical companies at prevailing prices to manufacture and distribute the vaccines (or to license production and support licensees), rather than waiving patent protection.","There is much debate about whether the patents on Covid-19 vaccines should be waived to allow low-income countries to produce doses for themselves. We invited both our European and US panels to express their views on this issue and the broader challenges of vaccinating the world. We asked the experts whether they agree or disagree with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",47,41,10,24,5,2,0,0,6,0.829268,0.048780,0.121951,0.780488,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.048780,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/2021-05-11-Euro-EEP-Vaccines-for-Developing-Countries.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.300000,0.580000,0.080000,0.040000,0.000000,0.880000,0.040000,0.840000,0.040000
europe-vaccines-for-developing-countries-2__question-b,europe__vaccines-for-developing-countries-2,Vaccines for Developing Countries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccines-for-developing-countries-2/,Europe,2021-05-11,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,"The benefits to the US, Canada, Europe, Japan and other rich countries of paying for 12 billion doses of Covid vaccines at prevailing prices and providing them for free to the rest of the world exceed the costs that the rich countries would incur.","There is much debate about whether the patents on Covid-19 vaccines should be waived to allow low-income countries to produce doses for themselves. We invited both our European and US panels to express their views on this issue and the broader challenges of vaccinating the world. We asked the experts whether they agree or disagree with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",47,41,11,24,4,2,0,0,6,0.853659,0.048780,0.097561,0.804878,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.048780,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/2021-05-11-Euro-EEP-Vaccines-for-Developing-Countries.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.360000,0.530000,0.070000,0.050000,0.000000,0.890000,0.050000,0.840000,0.050000
europe-international-macroeconomics-2__question-a,europe__international-macroeconomics-2,International Macroeconomics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/international-macroeconomics-2/,Europe,2021-06-02,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,"Under a fixed exchange rate and fully liberalized capital flows, a country loses domestic control of monetary policy.",,48,30,12,14,2,2,0,4,14,0.866667,0.066667,0.066667,0.800000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.066667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-06-02-Euro-EEP-International-Macroeconomics.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Monetary policy; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.460000,0.410000,0.060000,0.070000,0.000000,0.870000,0.070000,0.800000,0.070000
europe-international-macroeconomics-2__question-b,europe__international-macroeconomics-2,International Macroeconomics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/international-macroeconomics-2/,Europe,2021-06-02,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,"For emerging and developing economies open to the world capital market, a flexible exchange rate confers little advantage over a pegged exchange rate in terms of economic stability.",,48,29,1,9,9,9,1,5,14,0.344828,0.344828,0.310345,0.000000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.344828,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-06-02-Euro-EEP-International-Macroeconomics.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Monetary policy; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.050000,0.320000,0.250000,0.330000,0.040000,0.370000,0.370000,0.000000,0.370000
europe-international-macroeconomics-2__question-c,europe__international-macroeconomics-2,International Macroeconomics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/international-macroeconomics-2/,Europe,2021-06-02,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question C,The key feature making the US a more natural optimum currency area than the euro area is higher labor mobility.,,48,30,4,10,8,4,4,4,14,0.466667,0.266667,0.266667,0.200000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.266667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-06-02-Euro-EEP-International-Macroeconomics.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Monetary policy; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.170000,0.330000,0.170000,0.150000,0.180000,0.500000,0.330000,0.170000,0.330000
europe-local-tax-incentives-2__question-a,europe__local-tax-incentives-2,Local Tax Incentives,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/local-tax-incentives-2/,Europe,2016-12-07,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,Giving tax incentives to specific firms to locate operations in a country typically generates domestic benefits that outweigh the costs to the country providing the incentives.,,50,46,0,15,18,11,2,0,4,0.326087,0.282609,0.391304,0.043478,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.282609,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016-12-07-Euro-EEP-Local-Tax-Incentives.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.330000,0.360000,0.270000,0.040000,0.330000,0.310000,0.020000,0.310000
europe-local-tax-incentives-2__question-b,europe__local-tax-incentives-2,Local Tax Incentives,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/local-tax-incentives-2/,Europe,2016-12-07,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,Europe as a whole benefits when European cities or countries compete with each other by giving tax incentives to firms to locate operations in their jurisdictions.,,50,46,0,3,10,19,14,0,4,0.065217,0.717391,0.217391,-0.652174,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.065217,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016-12-07-Euro-EEP-Local-Tax-Incentives.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.060000,0.170000,0.430000,0.340000,0.060000,0.770000,-0.710000,0.060000
us-international-macroeconomics__question-a,us__international-macroeconomics,International Macroeconomics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/international-macroeconomics/,US,2021-04-13,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,"In an economy open to capital flows, monetary policy can only be effective with a floating exchange rate.",,43,26,4,15,6,1,0,4,13,0.730769,0.038462,0.230769,0.692308,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.038462,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-04-13-US-EEP-International-Macroeconomics.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Monetary policy; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.230000,0.520000,0.210000,0.040000,0.000000,0.750000,0.040000,0.710000,0.040000
us-international-macroeconomics__question-b,us__international-macroeconomics,International Macroeconomics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/international-macroeconomics/,US,2021-04-13,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,"For emerging and developing economies open to the world capital market, a flexible exchange rate confers little advantage over a pegged exchange rate in terms of economic stability.",,43,24,0,4,14,5,1,6,13,0.166667,0.250000,0.583333,-0.083333,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.166667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-04-13-US-EEP-International-Macroeconomics.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Monetary policy; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.120000,0.550000,0.230000,0.100000,0.120000,0.330000,-0.210000,0.120000
us-international-macroeconomics__question-c,us__international-macroeconomics,International Macroeconomics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/international-macroeconomics/,US,2021-04-13,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question C,The key feature making the US a more natural optimum currency area than the euro area is higher labor mobility.,,43,27,2,10,10,5,0,3,13,0.444444,0.185185,0.370370,0.259259,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.185185,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-04-13-US-EEP-International-Macroeconomics.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Monetary policy; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.080000,0.390000,0.300000,0.230000,0.000000,0.470000,0.230000,0.240000,0.230000
us-local-tax-incentives__question-a,us__local-tax-incentives,Local Tax Incentives,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/local-tax-incentives/,US,2015-03-24,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,Giving tax incentives to specific firms to locate operations in a city or state typically generates local benefits that outweigh the costs to the city and/or state providing the incentives.,,42,34,0,10,19,4,1,0,8,0.294118,0.147059,0.558824,0.147059,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.147059,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-03-24-US-EEP-Local-Tax-Incentives.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Taxation; Fiscal policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.290000,0.520000,0.140000,0.050000,0.290000,0.190000,0.100000,0.190000
us-local-tax-incentives__question-b,us__local-tax-incentives,Local Tax Incentives,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/local-tax-incentives/,US,2015-03-24,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,The US as a whole benefits when cities or states compete with each other by giving tax incentives to firms to locate operations in their jurisdictions.,,42,34,0,2,10,18,4,0,8,0.058824,0.647059,0.294118,-0.588235,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.058824,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-03-24-US-EEP-Local-Tax-Incentives.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Taxation; Fiscal policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.030000,0.260000,0.560000,0.160000,0.030000,0.720000,-0.690000,0.030000
us-vaccines-for-developing-countries__question-a,us__vaccines-for-developing-countries,Vaccines for Developing Countries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccines-for-developing-countries/,US,2021-05-11,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"Reliable Covid-19 vaccines will reach developing countries more quickly if the rich countries pay the pharmaceutical companies at prevailing prices to manufacture and distribute the vaccines (or to license production and support licensees), rather than waiving patent protection.","There is much debate about whether the patents on Covid-19 vaccines should be waived to allow low-income countries to produce doses for themselves. We invited both our European and US panels to express their views on this issue and the broader challenges of vaccinating the world. We asked the experts whether they agree or disagree with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,41,11,23,5,2,0,0,2,0.829268,0.048780,0.121951,0.780488,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.048780,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/2021-05-11-US-EEP-Vaccines-for-Developing-Countries.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.330000,0.520000,0.100000,0.040000,0.000000,0.850000,0.040000,0.810000,0.040000
us-vaccines-for-developing-countries__question-b,us__vaccines-for-developing-countries,Vaccines for Developing Countries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccines-for-developing-countries/,US,2021-05-11,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,"The benefits to the US, Canada, Europe, Japan and other rich countries of paying for 12 billion doses of Covid vaccines at prevailing prices and providing them for free to the rest of the world exceed the costs that the rich countries would incur.","There is much debate about whether the patents on Covid-19 vaccines should be waived to allow low-income countries to produce doses for themselves. We invited both our European and US panels to express their views on this issue and the broader challenges of vaccinating the world. We asked the experts whether they agree or disagree with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,41,16,18,7,0,0,0,2,0.829268,0.000000,0.170732,0.829268,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/2021-05-11-US-EEP-Vaccines-for-Developing-Countries.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.460000,0.420000,0.110000,0.000000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000
europe-brexit-2__question-a,europe__brexit-2,Brexit,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/brexit-2/,Europe,2016-12-07,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity",Question A,"Because of the Brexit vote's outcome, the UK's real per-capita income level is likely to be lower a decade from now than it would have been otherwise.",,50,47,18,22,6,1,0,0,3,0.851064,0.021277,0.127660,0.829787,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.021277,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016-12-07-Euro-EEP-Brexit.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.440000,0.420000,0.120000,0.010000,0.000000,0.860000,0.010000,0.850000,0.010000
europe-brexit-2__question-b,europe__brexit-2,Brexit,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/brexit-2/,Europe,2016-12-07,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity",Question B,"Because of the Brexit vote's outcome, the rest of the EU's real per-capita income level is likely to be lower a decade from now than it would have been otherwise.",,50,47,9,19,14,5,0,0,3,0.595745,0.106383,0.297872,0.489362,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.106383,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016-12-07-Euro-EEP-Brexit.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.240000,0.380000,0.270000,0.110000,0.000000,0.620000,0.110000,0.510000,0.110000
us-aging-2__question-a,us__aging-2,Aging,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/aging-2/,US,2018-01-03,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity",Question A,"Without changes in policy, a rising share of people who are over age 65 will exert a substantial downward influence on per capita real GDP in western European countries.",,43,39,10,25,2,2,0,0,4,0.897436,0.051282,0.051282,0.846154,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.051282,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-01-03-US-EEP-Aging.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.330000,0.570000,0.030000,0.060000,0.000000,0.900000,0.060000,0.840000,0.060000
us-aging-2__question-b,us__aging-2,Aging,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/aging-2/,US,2018-01-03,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity",Question B,"In European countries where the share of those over 65 is rising, there are net social benefits to adjusting retirement ages for state-financed (including pay-as-you-go) pension systems upwards, so that revised retirement ages better reflect longer life expectancies.",,43,39,6,27,5,1,0,0,4,0.846154,0.025641,0.128205,0.820513,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-01-03-US-EEP-Aging.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.180000,0.700000,0.090000,0.030000,0.000000,0.880000,0.030000,0.850000,0.030000
europe-aging__question-a,europe__aging,Aging,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/aging/,Europe,2017-02-28,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity",Question A,"Without changes in policy, a rising share of people who are over age 65 will exert a substantial downward influence on per capita real GDP in western European countries.",,50,45,10,30,4,1,0,0,5,0.888889,0.022222,0.088889,0.866667,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.022222,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-02-28-Euro-EEP-Aging.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.260000,0.660000,0.050000,0.020000,0.000000,0.920000,0.020000,0.900000,0.020000
europe-aging__question-b,europe__aging,Aging,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/aging/,Europe,2017-02-28,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity",Question B,"In European countries where the share of those over 65 is rising, there are net social benefits to adjusting retirement ages for state-financed (including pay-as-you-go) pension systems upwards, so that revised retirement ages better reflect longer life expectancies.",,50,43,22,20,1,0,0,2,5,0.976744,0.000000,0.023256,0.976744,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-02-28-Euro-EEP-Aging.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.550000,0.430000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
europe-central-bank-digital-currency-2__question-a,europe__central-bank-digital-currency-2,Central Bank Digital Currency,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/central-bank-digital-currency-2/,Europe,2021-04-27,"Financial Markets & Banking; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"The Bank for International Settlements defines a central bank digital currency as follows: ‘In simple terms, a central bank digital currency (CBDC) would be a digital banknote. It could be used by individuals to pay businesses, shops or each other (a 'retail CBDC'), or between financial institutions to settle trades in financial markets (a ‘wholesale CBDC'). For developed countries, a central bank digital currency that is available to the public at large would offer social benefits that exceed the associated costs or risks.",,48,30,3,15,10,2,0,5,13,0.600000,0.066667,0.333333,0.533333,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.066667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-04-27-Euro-EEP-Central-Bank-Digital-Currency.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.130000,0.500000,0.300000,0.070000,0.000000,0.630000,0.070000,0.560000,0.070000
europe-central-bank-digital-currency-2__question-b,europe__central-bank-digital-currency-2,Central Bank Digital Currency,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/central-bank-digital-currency-2/,Europe,2021-04-27,"Financial Markets & Banking; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,Central banks that do not introduce their own digital money risk losing the ability to conduct effective monetary policy.,,48,30,1,6,8,14,1,5,13,0.233333,0.500000,0.266667,-0.266667,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.233333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-04-27-Euro-EEP-Central-Bank-Digital-Currency.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.210000,0.260000,0.460000,0.030000,0.250000,0.490000,-0.240000,0.250000
europe-central-bank-digital-currency-2__question-c,europe__central-bank-digital-currency-2,Central Bank Digital Currency,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/central-bank-digital-currency-2/,Europe,2021-04-27,"Financial Markets & Banking; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question C,The introduction of a central bank digital currency is unlikely to have major effects on the economy.,,48,31,0,21,7,3,0,4,13,0.677419,0.096774,0.225806,0.580645,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.096774,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-04-27-Euro-EEP-Central-Bank-Digital-Currency.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.710000,0.200000,0.090000,0.000000,0.710000,0.090000,0.620000,0.090000
europe-diversified-investing__question-a,europe__diversified-investing,Diversified Investing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/diversified-investing/,Europe,2017-03-22,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,"In general, absent any inside information, an equity investor can expect to do better by holding a well-diversified, low-fee, passive index fund than by holding a few stocks.",,50,41,27,14,0,0,0,0,9,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-03-22-Euro-EEP-Diversified-Investing.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.700000,0.300000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-diversified-investing-2__question-a,us__diversified-investing-2,Diversified Investing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/diversified-investing-2/,US,2019-01-28,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,"In general, absent any inside information, an equity investor can expect to do better by holding a well-diversified, low-fee, passive index fund than by holding a few stocks.",,42,39,24,15,0,0,0,0,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-01-28-US-EEP-Diversified-Investing.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.660000,0.340000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-central-bank-digital-currency__question-a,us__central-bank-digital-currency,Central Bank Digital Currency,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/central-bank-digital-currency/,US,2021-04-27,"Financial Markets & Banking; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"The Bank for International Settlements defines a central bank digital currency as follows: ‘In simple terms, a central bank digital currency (CBDC) would be a digital banknote. It could be used by individuals to pay businesses, shops or each other (a 'retail CBDC'), or between financial institutions to settle trades in financial markets (a ‘wholesale CBDC').’ For developed countries, a central bank digital currency that is available to the public at large would offer social benefits that exceed the associated costs or risks. Responses Source: Clark Center Economic Experts Panel Methodology Responses weighted by each expert's confidence Source: Clark Center Economic Experts Panel Methodology Question B: Central banks that do not introduce their own digital money risk losing the ability to conduct effective monetary policy. Responses Source: Clark Center Economic Experts Panel Methodology Responses weighted by each expert's confidence Source: Clark Center Economic Experts Panel Methodology Question C: The introduction of a central bank digital currency is unlikely to have major effects on the economy. Responses Source: Clark Center Economic Experts Panel Methodology Responses weighted by each expert's confidence Source: Clark Center Economic Experts Panel Methodology Download Poll Data Question A Participant Responses",,43,32,4,14,14,0,0,5,6,0.562500,0.000000,0.437500,0.562500,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-04-27-US-EEP-Central-Bank-Digital-Currency.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.170000,0.400000,0.430000,0.000000,0.000000,0.570000,0.000000,0.570000,0.000000
us-central-bank-digital-currency__question-b,us__central-bank-digital-currency,Central Bank Digital Currency,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/central-bank-digital-currency/,US,2021-04-27,"Financial Markets & Banking; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,Central banks that do not introduce their own digital money risk losing the ability to conduct effective monetary policy.,,43,32,0,10,12,9,1,5,6,0.312500,0.312500,0.375000,0.000000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.312500,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-04-27-US-EEP-Central-Bank-Digital-Currency.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.280000,0.280000,0.360000,0.070000,0.280000,0.430000,-0.150000,0.280000
us-central-bank-digital-currency__question-c,us__central-bank-digital-currency,Central Bank Digital Currency,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/central-bank-digital-currency/,US,2021-04-27,"Financial Markets & Banking; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question C,The introduction of a central bank digital currency is unlikely to have major effects on the economy.,,43,32,1,15,11,4,1,5,6,0.500000,0.156250,0.343750,0.343750,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.156250,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-04-27-US-EEP-Central-Bank-Digital-Currency.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.010000,0.460000,0.320000,0.140000,0.070000,0.470000,0.210000,0.260000,0.210000
europe-vaccine-development-and-distribution-2__question-a,europe__vaccine-development-and-distribution-2,Vaccine Development and Distribution,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccine-development-and-distribution-2/,Europe,2021-04-13,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Removing intellectual property protections on Covid-19 vaccines would substantially improve availability of the vaccines in developing countries.,,48,38,6,10,20,2,0,2,8,0.421053,0.052632,0.526316,0.368421,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.052632,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-04-13-Euro-EEP-Vaccine-Development-and-Distribution.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy; Trade; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.220000,0.310000,0.420000,0.050000,0.000000,0.530000,0.050000,0.480000,0.050000
europe-vaccine-development-and-distribution-2__question-b,europe__vaccine-development-and-distribution-2,Vaccine Development and Distribution,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccine-development-and-distribution-2/,Europe,2021-04-13,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Removing intellectual property protections on Covid-19 vaccines would have a negative impact on vaccine development efforts for future variants of SARS-CoV-2 or for the next pandemic.,,48,40,7,24,5,4,0,0,8,0.775000,0.100000,0.125000,0.675000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-04-13-Euro-EEP-Vaccine-Development-and-Distribution.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy; Trade; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.210000,0.600000,0.090000,0.090000,0.000000,0.810000,0.090000,0.720000,0.090000
europe-vaccine-development-and-distribution-2__question-c,europe__vaccine-development-and-distribution-2,Vaccine Development and Distribution,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccine-development-and-distribution-2/,Europe,2021-04-13,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,"Without an international agreement that facilitates vaccine trade, countries’ incentives to limit exports of vaccines and/or key production inputs are likely to prolong the adverse effects of the pandemic in advanced countries.",,48,39,7,28,2,2,0,1,8,0.897436,0.051282,0.051282,0.846154,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.051282,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-04-13-Euro-EEP-Vaccine-Development-and-Distribution.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy; Trade; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.230000,0.680000,0.050000,0.040000,0.000000,0.910000,0.040000,0.870000,0.040000
us-vaccine-development-and-distribution__question-a,us__vaccine-development-and-distribution,Vaccine Development and Distribution,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccine-development-and-distribution/,US,2021-04-06,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Removing intellectual property protections on Covid-19 vaccines would substantially improve availability of the vaccines in developing countries.,,43,40,6,14,14,6,0,1,2,0.500000,0.150000,0.350000,0.350000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.150000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-04-06-US-EEP-Vaccine-Development-and-Distribution.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy; Trade; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.190000,0.350000,0.280000,0.180000,0.000000,0.540000,0.180000,0.360000,0.180000
us-vaccine-development-and-distribution__question-b,us__vaccine-development-and-distribution,Vaccine Development and Distribution,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccine-development-and-distribution/,US,2021-04-06,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Removing intellectual property protections on Covid-19 vaccines would have a negative impact on vaccine development efforts for future variants of SARS-CoV-2 or for the next pandemic.,,43,41,8,20,10,2,1,0,2,0.682927,0.073171,0.243902,0.609756,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.073171,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-04-06-US-EEP-Vaccine-Development-and-Distribution.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy; Trade; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.240000,0.500000,0.200000,0.030000,0.030000,0.740000,0.060000,0.680000,0.060000
us-vaccine-development-and-distribution__question-c,us__vaccine-development-and-distribution,Vaccine Development and Distribution,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccine-development-and-distribution/,US,2021-04-06,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,"Without an international agreement that facilitates vaccine trade, countries’ incentives to limit exports of vaccines and/or key production inputs are likely to prolong the adverse effects of the pandemic in advanced countries.",,43,40,6,24,8,2,0,1,2,0.750000,0.050000,0.200000,0.700000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.050000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021-04-06-US-EEP-Vaccine-Development-and-Distribution.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy; Trade; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.190000,0.610000,0.130000,0.070000,0.000000,0.800000,0.070000,0.730000,0.070000
europe-short-selling-2__question-a,europe__short-selling-2,Short Selling,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/short-selling-2/,Europe,2021-03-23,"Financial Markets & Banking; Miscellaneous; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"Allowing short selling of financial securities, such as stocks and government bonds, leads to prices that, on average, are closer to their fundamental values.",,48,32,9,20,3,0,0,1,15,0.906250,0.000000,0.093750,0.906250,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-03-23-Euro-EEP-Short-Selling.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.380000,0.580000,0.050000,0.000000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000
europe-short-selling-2__question-b,europe__short-selling-2,Short Selling,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/short-selling-2/,Europe,2021-03-23,"Financial Markets & Banking; Miscellaneous; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,Requiring investors to disclose short positions in a stock at the equivalent threshold as they are required to do for long positions would result in significantly less short selling.,,48,30,1,13,14,2,0,3,15,0.466667,0.066667,0.466667,0.400000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.066667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-03-23-Euro-EEP-Short-Selling.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.050000,0.450000,0.400000,0.100000,0.000000,0.500000,0.100000,0.400000,0.100000
europe-short-selling-2__question-c,europe__short-selling-2,Short Selling,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/short-selling-2/,Europe,2021-03-23,"Financial Markets & Banking; Miscellaneous; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,"Regulatory restrictions on short selling - such as no naked shorts, temporary bans in times of crisis - make it difficult for optimists and pessimists to have equal influence on asset prices.",,48,32,10,12,9,1,0,1,15,0.687500,0.031250,0.281250,0.656250,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.031250,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-03-23-Euro-EEP-Short-Selling.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.440000,0.330000,0.200000,0.030000,0.000000,0.770000,0.030000,0.740000,0.030000
us-short-positions__question-a,us__short-positions,Short Positions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/short-positions/,US,2021-02-23,"Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"Bans on the short selling of financial securities, such as stocks and government bonds, would lead to prices that are further, on average, from their fundamental values.",,43,38,6,26,5,1,0,1,4,0.842105,0.026316,0.131579,0.815789,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021-02-23-US-EEP-Short-Positions.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.220000,0.660000,0.110000,0.010000,0.000000,0.880000,0.010000,0.870000,0.010000
us-short-positions__question-b,us__short-positions,Short Positions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/short-positions/,US,2021-02-23,"Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,Requiring investors to disclose short positions in a stock at the equivalent threshold as they are required to do for long positions would improve the accuracy of stock prices.,,43,37,0,18,18,1,0,2,4,0.486486,0.027027,0.486486,0.459459,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.027027,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021-02-23-US-EEP-Short-Positions.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.520000,0.480000,0.010000,0.000000,0.520000,0.010000,0.510000,0.010000
us-tackling-obesity-2__question-a,us__tackling-obesity-2,Tackling Obesity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tackling-obesity-2/,US,2021-03-23,Education & Skills; Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,Policies that aim to reduce obesity by increasing incentives for physical activity would improve social welfare more than policies that increase the financial costs of consuming calories.,,43,38,1,8,21,8,0,2,3,0.236842,0.210526,0.552632,0.026316,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.210526,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-03-23-US-EEP-Tackling-Obesity.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.010000,0.180000,0.570000,0.240000,0.000000,0.190000,0.240000,-0.050000,0.190000
us-tackling-obesity-2__question-b,us__tackling-obesity-2,Tackling Obesity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tackling-obesity-2/,US,2021-03-23,Education & Skills; Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question B,"A ban on advertising junk foods (those that are high in sugar, salt, and fat) would be an effective policy to reduce child obesity.",,43,37,1,18,14,4,0,3,3,0.513514,0.108108,0.378378,0.405405,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.108108,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-03-23-US-EEP-Tackling-Obesity.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.020000,0.580000,0.320000,0.080000,0.000000,0.600000,0.080000,0.520000,0.080000
us-robots-and-artificial-intelligence-2__question-a,us__robots-and-artificial-intelligence-2,Robots and Artificial Intelligence,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/robots-and-artificial-intelligence-2/,US,2017-09-12,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"Holding labor market institutions and job training fixed, rising use of robots and artificial intelligence is likely to increase substantially the number of workers in advanced countries who are unemployed for long periods.",,42,37,1,15,12,8,1,1,4,0.432432,0.243243,0.324324,0.189189,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.243243,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-09-12-US-EEP-Robots-and-Artificial-Intelligence.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.040000,0.400000,0.310000,0.210000,0.050000,0.440000,0.260000,0.180000,0.260000
us-robots-and-artificial-intelligence-2__question-b,us__robots-and-artificial-intelligence-2,Robots and Artificial Intelligence,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/robots-and-artificial-intelligence-2/,US,2017-09-12,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Rising use of robots and artificial intelligence in advanced countries is likely to create benefits large enough that they could be used to compensate those workers who are substantially negatively affected for their lost wages.,,42,37,11,22,4,0,0,1,4,0.891892,0.000000,0.108108,0.891892,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-09-12-US-EEP-Robots-and-Artificial-Intelligence.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.350000,0.530000,0.110000,0.000000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000
europe-robots-and-artificial-intelligence__question-a,europe__robots-and-artificial-intelligence,Robots and Artificial Intelligence,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/robots-and-artificial-intelligence/,Europe,2017-06-30,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"Holding labor market institutions and job training fixed, rising use of robots and artificial intelligence is likely to increase substantially the number of workers in advanced countries who are unemployed for long periods.",,50,36,1,13,12,9,1,1,13,0.388889,0.277778,0.333333,0.111111,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.277778,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-06-30-Euro-EEP-Robots-and-Artificial-Intelligence.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.030000,0.350000,0.300000,0.280000,0.050000,0.380000,0.330000,0.050000,0.330000
europe-robots-and-artificial-intelligence__question-b,europe__robots-and-artificial-intelligence,Robots and Artificial Intelligence,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/robots-and-artificial-intelligence/,Europe,2017-06-30,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Rising use of robots and artificial intelligence in advanced countries is likely to create benefits large enough that they could be used to compensate those workers who are substantially negatively affected for their lost wages.,,50,36,7,19,8,2,0,1,13,0.722222,0.055556,0.222222,0.666667,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.055556,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-06-30-Euro-EEP-Robots-and-Artificial-Intelligence.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.270000,0.470000,0.220000,0.040000,0.000000,0.740000,0.040000,0.700000,0.040000
europe-tackling-obesity__question-a,europe__tackling-obesity,Tackling Obesity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tackling-obesity/,Europe,2021-02-23,Education & Skills; Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,Policies that aim to reduce obesity by increasing incentives for physical activity would be more welfare-improving than policies that increase the financial costs of consuming calories.,,48,39,1,10,21,5,2,3,6,0.282051,0.179487,0.538462,0.102564,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.179487,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021-23-02-Euro-EEP-Tackling-Obesity.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.040000,0.300000,0.500000,0.100000,0.060000,0.340000,0.160000,0.180000,0.160000
europe-tackling-obesity__question-b,europe__tackling-obesity,Tackling Obesity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tackling-obesity/,Europe,2021-02-23,Education & Skills; Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question B,"A ban on advertising junk foods (those that are high in sugar, salt and fat) would be an effective policy to reduce child obesity.",,48,40,2,23,13,2,0,2,6,0.625000,0.050000,0.325000,0.575000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.050000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021-23-02-Euro-EEP-Tackling-Obesity.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.070000,0.580000,0.300000,0.050000,0.000000,0.650000,0.050000,0.600000,0.050000
europe-tackling-obesity__question-c,europe__tackling-obesity,Tackling Obesity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tackling-obesity/,Europe,2021-02-23,Education & Skills; Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question C,"Setting targets for schools to reduce obesity (e.g. by diverting financial resources to improve school meals or add cookery to the curriculum) would reduce social welfare because schools in deprived areas, where obesity is higher, are already struggling to deliver the core curriculum.",,48,39,0,6,17,12,4,3,6,0.153846,0.410256,0.435897,-0.256410,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.153846,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021-23-02-Euro-EEP-Tackling-Obesity.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.180000,0.370000,0.290000,0.160000,0.180000,0.450000,-0.270000,0.180000
us-experimental-research-development-economics-and-poverty-reduction-2__question-a,us__experimental-research-development-economics-and-poverty-reduction-2,"Experimental Research, Development Economics and Poverty Reduction",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/experimental-research-development-economics-and-poverty-reduction-2/,US,2019-10-25,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,Randomized control trials are a valuable tool for answering some long unsettled questions in development economics research.,,43,40,27,13,0,0,0,0,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-10-25-US-EEP-Experimental-Research-Development-Economics-and-Poverty-Reduction.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.690000,0.310000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-experimental-research-development-economics-and-poverty-reduction-2__question-b,us__experimental-research-development-economics-and-poverty-reduction-2,"Experimental Research, Development Economics and Poverty Reduction",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/experimental-research-development-economics-and-poverty-reduction-2/,US,2019-10-25,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question B,Randomized control trials are a valuable tool for making significant progress in poverty reduction.,,43,40,13,21,5,0,1,0,3,0.850000,0.025000,0.125000,0.825000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-10-25-US-EEP-Experimental-Research-Development-Economics-and-Poverty-Reduction.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.410000,0.500000,0.060000,0.000000,0.040000,0.910000,0.040000,0.870000,0.040000
europe-experimental-research-development-economics-and-poverty-reduction__question-a,europe__experimental-research-development-economics-and-poverty-reduction,"Experimental Research, Development Economics and Poverty Reduction",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/experimental-research-development-economics-and-poverty-reduction/,Europe,2019-10-25,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,Randomized control trials are a valuable tool for answering some long unsettled questions in development economics research.,,48,35,14,17,3,1,0,0,13,0.885714,0.028571,0.085714,0.857143,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.028571,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-10-25-Euro-EEP-Experimental-Research-Development-Economics-and-Poverty-Reduction.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.470000,0.440000,0.060000,0.030000,0.000000,0.910000,0.030000,0.880000,0.030000
europe-experimental-research-development-economics-and-poverty-reduction__question-b,europe__experimental-research-development-economics-and-poverty-reduction,"Experimental Research, Development Economics and Poverty Reduction",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/experimental-research-development-economics-and-poverty-reduction/,Europe,2019-10-25,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question B,Randomized control trials are a valuable tool for making significant progress in poverty reduction.,,48,35,12,16,6,1,0,0,13,0.800000,0.028571,0.171429,0.771429,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.028571,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-10-25-Euro-EEP-Experimental-Research-Development-Economics-and-Poverty-Reduction.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.440000,0.400000,0.140000,0.030000,0.000000,0.840000,0.030000,0.810000,0.030000
europe-stakeholder-capitalism-2__question-a,europe__stakeholder-capitalism-2,Stakeholder Capitalism,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stakeholder-capitalism-2/,Europe,2019-10-11,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Social Policy & Society",Question A,Having companies run to maximize shareholder value creates significant negative externalities for workers and communities.,,48,38,6,10,16,3,3,0,10,0.421053,0.157895,0.421053,0.263158,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.157895,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-10-11-Euro-EEP-Stakeholder-Capitalism.csv,mixed,,Political economy,source,0.90,0.220000,0.290000,0.340000,0.060000,0.090000,0.510000,0.150000,0.360000,0.150000
europe-stakeholder-capitalism-2__question-b,europe__stakeholder-capitalism-2,Stakeholder Capitalism,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stakeholder-capitalism-2/,Europe,2019-10-11,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Social Policy & Society",Question B,"Appropriately managed corporations could create significantly greater value than they currently do for a range of stakeholders – including workers, suppliers, customers and community members – with small impacts on shareholder value.",,48,36,1,21,11,2,1,2,10,0.611111,0.083333,0.305556,0.527778,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.083333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-10-11-Euro-EEP-Stakeholder-Capitalism.csv,mixed,,Political economy,source,0.90,0.040000,0.580000,0.300000,0.030000,0.050000,0.620000,0.080000,0.540000,0.080000
europe-stakeholder-capitalism-2__question-c,europe__stakeholder-capitalism-2,Stakeholder Capitalism,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stakeholder-capitalism-2/,Europe,2019-10-11,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Social Policy & Society",Question C,Effective mechanisms for boards of directors to ensure that CEOs act in ways that balance the interests of all stakeholders would be straightforward to introduce.,,48,37,0,7,10,14,6,1,10,0.189189,0.540541,0.270270,-0.351351,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.189189,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-10-11-Euro-EEP-Stakeholder-Capitalism.csv,mixed,,Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.170000,0.250000,0.390000,0.180000,0.170000,0.570000,-0.400000,0.170000
us-stakeholder-capitalism__question-a,us__stakeholder-capitalism,Stakeholder Capitalism,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stakeholder-capitalism/,US,2019-09-20,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Social Policy & Society",Question A,Having companies run to maximize shareholder value creates significant negative externalities for workers and communities.,,43,37,7,11,12,7,0,2,4,0.486486,0.189189,0.324324,0.297297,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.189189,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-09-20-US-EEP-Stakeholder-Capitalism.csv,mixed,,Political economy,source,0.90,0.280000,0.280000,0.270000,0.160000,0.000000,0.560000,0.160000,0.400000,0.160000
us-stakeholder-capitalism__question-b,us__stakeholder-capitalism,Stakeholder Capitalism,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stakeholder-capitalism/,US,2019-09-20,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Social Policy & Society",Question B,"Appropriately managed corporations could create significantly greater value than they currently do for a range of stakeholders – including workers, suppliers, customers and community members – with negligible impacts on shareholder value.",,43,37,1,14,10,9,3,2,4,0.405405,0.324324,0.270270,0.081081,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.324324,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-09-20-US-EEP-Stakeholder-Capitalism.csv,mixed,,Political economy,source,0.90,0.050000,0.390000,0.220000,0.220000,0.130000,0.440000,0.350000,0.090000,0.350000
us-stakeholder-capitalism__question-c,us__stakeholder-capitalism,Stakeholder Capitalism,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stakeholder-capitalism/,US,2019-09-20,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Social Policy & Society",Question C,Effective mechanisms for boards of directors to ensure that CEOs act in ways that balance the interests of all stakeholders would be straightforward to introduce.,,43,38,0,5,9,18,6,1,4,0.131579,0.631579,0.236842,-0.500000,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.131579,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-09-20-US-EEP-Stakeholder-Capitalism.csv,mixed,,Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.090000,0.210000,0.490000,0.200000,0.090000,0.690000,-0.600000,0.090000
europe-the-us-minimum-wage-2__question-a,europe__the-us-minimum-wage-2,The US Minimum Wage,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-us-minimum-wage-2/,Europe,2021-02-02,,Question A,The current US federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour. States can choose whether to have a higher minimum - and many do.,,48,37,0,11,19,7,0,1,10,0.297297,0.189189,0.513514,0.108108,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.189189,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021-02-02-Euro-EEP-The-US-Minimum-Wage.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,model_assigned,0.65,0.000000,0.310000,0.480000,0.210000,0.000000,0.310000,0.210000,0.100000,0.210000
europe-the-us-minimum-wage-2__question-b,europe__the-us-minimum-wage-2,The US Minimum Wage,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-us-minimum-wage-2/,Europe,2021-02-02,,Question B,A federal minimum wage that is pegged to state and/or local conditions such as the cost of living would be preferable to the current arrangements that give states a role in setting the policy.,,48,36,6,17,7,6,0,2,10,0.638889,0.166667,0.194444,0.472222,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.166667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021-02-02-Euro-EEP-The-US-Minimum-Wage.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,model_assigned,0.65,0.220000,0.480000,0.160000,0.140000,0.000000,0.700000,0.140000,0.560000,0.140000
europe-inequality-populism-and-redistribution__question-a,europe__inequality-populism-and-redistribution,"Inequality, Populism, and Redistribution",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-populism-and-redistribution/,Europe,2019-09-20,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,Rising inequality is straining the health of liberal democracy.,,49,41,13,27,1,0,0,0,8,0.975610,0.000000,0.024390,0.975610,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-09-20-Euro-EEP-Inequality-Populism-and-Redistribution.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Inequality/redistribution; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.380000,0.610000,0.010000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
europe-inequality-populism-and-redistribution__question-b,europe__inequality-populism-and-redistribution,"Inequality, Populism, and Redistribution",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-populism-and-redistribution/,Europe,2019-09-20,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question B,Enacting more redistributive expenditures and policies would be likely to limit the rise of populism in Europe.,,49,41,4,19,16,2,0,0,8,0.560976,0.048780,0.390244,0.512195,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.048780,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-09-20-Euro-EEP-Inequality-Populism-and-Redistribution.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Inequality/redistribution; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.140000,0.480000,0.330000,0.050000,0.000000,0.620000,0.050000,0.570000,0.050000
europe-inequality-populism-and-redistribution__question-c,europe__inequality-populism-and-redistribution,"Inequality, Populism, and Redistribution",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-populism-and-redistribution/,Europe,2019-09-20,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question C,"European governments should allocate more resources to policies that would be likely to limit the rise of populism in Europe, even if it means higher public debt or lower public spending in other areas.",,49,41,6,19,10,6,0,0,8,0.609756,0.146341,0.243902,0.463415,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.146341,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-09-20-Euro-EEP-Inequality-Populism-and-Redistribution.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Inequality/redistribution; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.190000,0.460000,0.200000,0.150000,0.000000,0.650000,0.150000,0.500000,0.150000
us-inequality-populism-and-redistribution-2__question-a,us__inequality-populism-and-redistribution-2,"Inequality, Populism, and Redistribution",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-populism-and-redistribution-2/,US,2019-10-09,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,Rising inequality is straining the health of liberal democracy.,,43,38,14,20,3,1,0,1,4,0.894737,0.026316,0.078947,0.868421,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-10-09-US-EEP-Inequality-Populism-and-Redistribution.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Inequality/redistribution; Fiscal policy; Healthcare,mixed,0.80,0.440000,0.500000,0.040000,0.020000,0.000000,0.940000,0.020000,0.920000,0.020000
us-inequality-populism-and-redistribution-2__question-b,us__inequality-populism-and-redistribution-2,"Inequality, Populism, and Redistribution",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-populism-and-redistribution-2/,US,2019-10-09,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question B,Enacting more redistributive expenditures and policies would be likely to limit the rise of populism.,,43,37,5,15,14,2,1,2,4,0.540541,0.081081,0.378378,0.459459,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.081081,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-10-09-US-EEP-Inequality-Populism-and-Redistribution.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Inequality/redistribution; Fiscal policy; Healthcare,mixed,0.80,0.180000,0.380000,0.330000,0.050000,0.060000,0.560000,0.110000,0.450000,0.110000
us-inequality-populism-and-redistribution-2__question-c,us__inequality-populism-and-redistribution-2,"Inequality, Populism, and Redistribution",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-populism-and-redistribution-2/,US,2019-10-09,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question C,"Governments should allocate more resources to policies that would be likely to limit the rise of populism, even if it means higher public debt or lower public spending in other areas.",,43,35,1,12,17,4,1,4,4,0.371429,0.142857,0.485714,0.228571,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.142857,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-10-09-US-EEP-Inequality-Populism-and-Redistribution.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Inequality/redistribution; Fiscal policy; Healthcare,mixed,0.80,0.070000,0.380000,0.390000,0.150000,0.020000,0.450000,0.170000,0.280000,0.170000
us-ride-sharing-caps__question-a,us__ride-sharing-caps,Ride-Sharing Caps,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ride-sharing-caps/,US,2018-08-21,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Transport",Question A,"Capping the number of ride-sharing drivers as is being discussed in New York City, Chicago and London will make the average resident in that city worse off.",,43,36,4,19,12,1,0,0,7,0.638889,0.027778,0.333333,0.611111,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.027778,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-08-21-US-EEP-Ride-sharing-Caps.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.160000,0.480000,0.330000,0.030000,0.000000,0.640000,0.030000,0.610000,0.030000
us-ride-sharing-caps__question-b,us__ride-sharing-caps,Ride-Sharing Caps,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ride-sharing-caps/,US,2018-08-21,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Transport",Question B,"To achieve a given level of congestion, it would be better to use taxes for driving that vary based on the level of congestion, rather than limiting the number of ride-sharing vehicles.",,43,36,25,10,1,0,0,0,7,0.972222,0.000000,0.027778,0.972222,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-08-21-US-EEP-Ride-sharing-Caps.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.730000,0.250000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
europe-ride-sharing-caps-2__question-a,europe__ride-sharing-caps-2,Ride-Sharing Caps,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ride-sharing-caps-2/,Europe,2018-12-06,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Transport",Question A,"Capping the number of ride-sharing drivers as is being discussed in New York City, Chicago and London will make the average resident in that city worse off.",,50,33,4,17,8,3,1,4,13,0.636364,0.121212,0.242424,0.515152,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.121212,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-12-06-Euro-EEP-Ride-sharing-Caps.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.160000,0.530000,0.190000,0.090000,0.020000,0.690000,0.110000,0.580000,0.110000
europe-ride-sharing-caps-2__question-b,europe__ride-sharing-caps-2,Ride-Sharing Caps,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ride-sharing-caps-2/,Europe,2018-12-06,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Transport",Question B,"To achieve a given level of congestion, it would be better to use taxes for driving that vary based on the level of congestion, rather than limiting the number of ride-sharing vehicles. Responses Source: European Clark Center Economic Experts Panel Methodology Responses weighted by each expert's confidence Source: European Clark Center Economic Experts Panel Methodology Download Poll Data Question A Participant Responses",,50,35,16,16,1,1,1,2,13,0.914286,0.057143,0.028571,0.857143,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.057143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-12-06-Euro-EEP-Ride-sharing-Caps.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.490000,0.450000,0.010000,0.020000,0.030000,0.940000,0.050000,0.890000,0.050000
us-increasing-returns__question-a,us__increasing-returns,Increasing Returns,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/increasing-returns/,US,2018-10-17,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"Ideas are nonrival, so increasing returns to scale is an essential feature of technological change in a market economy.",,43,32,9,17,4,2,0,2,9,0.812500,0.062500,0.125000,0.750000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.062500,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-10-17-US-EEP-Increasing-Returns.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.340000,0.510000,0.090000,0.060000,0.000000,0.850000,0.060000,0.790000,0.060000
europe-increasing-returns-2__question-a,europe__increasing-returns-2,Increasing Returns,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/increasing-returns-2/,Europe,2018-10-17,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"Ideas are nonrival, so increasing returns to scale is an essential feature of technological change in a market economy.",,50,33,9,17,6,1,0,2,15,0.787879,0.030303,0.181818,0.757576,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.030303,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-10-17-Euro-EEP-Increasing-Returns.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.320000,0.540000,0.130000,0.010000,0.000000,0.860000,0.010000,0.850000,0.010000
us-the-us-minimum-wage__question-a,us__the-us-minimum-wage,The US Minimum Wage,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-us-minimum-wage/,US,2021-02-02,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,The current US federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour. States can choose whether to have a higher minimum - and many do. A federal minimum wage of $15 per hour would lower employment for low-wage workers in many states.,,43,39,2,17,14,6,0,1,3,0.487179,0.153846,0.358974,0.333333,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.153846,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021-02-02-US-EEP-The-US-Minimum-Wage.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.080000,0.420000,0.340000,0.160000,0.000000,0.500000,0.160000,0.340000,0.160000
us-the-us-minimum-wage__question-b,us__the-us-minimum-wage,The US Minimum Wage,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-us-minimum-wage/,US,2021-02-02,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question B,A federal minimum wage that is pegged to state and/or local conditions such as the cost of living would be preferable to the current arrangements that give states a role in setting the policy.,,43,40,1,17,18,4,0,0,3,0.450000,0.100000,0.450000,0.350000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021-02-02-US-EEP-The-US-Minimum-Wage.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.030000,0.470000,0.370000,0.130000,0.000000,0.500000,0.130000,0.370000,0.130000
us-autonomous-cars__question-a,us__autonomous-cars,Autonomous Cars,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/autonomous-cars/,US,2018-05-01,"Science, Technology, & Innovation; Transport",Question A,"Over the next decade, autonomous cars will raise average welfare in the US by at least as much as smartphones have over the past decade.",,43,37,0,6,17,12,2,0,6,0.162162,0.378378,0.459459,-0.216216,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.162162,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-05-01-US-EEP-Autonomous-Cars.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.120000,0.530000,0.250000,0.110000,0.120000,0.360000,-0.240000,0.120000
europe-autonomous-cars-2__question-a,europe__autonomous-cars-2,Autonomous Cars,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/autonomous-cars-2/,Europe,2018-07-25,"Science, Technology, & Innovation; Transport",Question A,"Over the next decade, autonomous cars will raise average welfare in the EU by at least as much as smartphones have over the past decade.",,48,33,1,3,10,16,3,3,12,0.121212,0.575758,0.303030,-0.454545,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.121212,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-07-25-Euro-EEP-Autonomous-Cars.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.050000,0.100000,0.330000,0.420000,0.090000,0.150000,0.510000,-0.360000,0.150000
europe-after-brexit-2__question-a,europe__after-brexit-2,After Brexit,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/after-brexit-2/,Europe,2021-01-13,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,The UK economy is likely to be at least several percentage points smaller in 2030 than it would have been if the country had remained in the European Union.,"The UK’s exit from the European Union (EU) was finally completed on 1 January 2021, nearly five years after the Brexit referendum of 2016. We invited both our European and US panels to express their views on the likely long-term effects on both the UK economy and the aggregate economy of the remaining 27 EU members. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,43,17,20,5,1,0,1,4,0.860465,0.023256,0.116279,0.837209,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.023256,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2021-01-13-Euro-EEP-After-Brexit.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.490000,0.410000,0.080000,0.030000,0.000000,0.900000,0.030000,0.870000,0.030000
europe-after-brexit-2__question-b,europe__after-brexit-2,After Brexit,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/after-brexit-2/,Europe,2021-01-13,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,The aggregate economy of the 27 countries still in the EU is likely to be at least several percentage points smaller in 2030 than if the UK had not left.,"The UK’s exit from the European Union (EU) was finally completed on 1 January 2021, nearly five years after the Brexit referendum of 2016. We invited both our European and US panels to express their views on the likely long-term effects on both the UK economy and the aggregate economy of the remaining 27 EU members. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,43,4,6,14,16,3,1,4,0.232558,0.441860,0.325581,-0.209302,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.232558,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2021-01-13-Euro-EEP-After-Brexit.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.120000,0.140000,0.280000,0.380000,0.090000,0.260000,0.470000,-0.210000,0.260000
europe-central-banks-and-productivity-2__question-a,europe__central-banks-and-productivity-2,Central Banks and Productivity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/central-banks-and-productivity-2/,Europe,2018-07-05,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"Britain’s Labour party recently proposed giving the Bank of England a target of 3% annual labor productivity growth. Consider the following statement: Central banks cannot significantly increase productivity growth over a ten year horizon, except perhaps by promoting macroeconomic stability.",,48,37,22,13,2,0,0,1,10,0.945946,0.000000,0.054054,0.945946,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-07-25-Euro-EEP-Central-Banks-and-Productivity.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Monetary policy; Labor markets; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.640000,0.320000,0.040000,0.000000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000
us-central-banks-and-productivity__question-a,us__central-banks-and-productivity,Central Banks and Productivity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/central-banks-and-productivity/,US,2018-06-29,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"Britain's Labour party recently proposed giving the Bank of England a target of 3% annual labor productivity growth. Consider the following statement: Central banks cannot significantly increase productivity growth over a ten year horizon, except perhaps by promoting macroeconomic stability.",,43,33,12,19,2,0,0,3,7,0.939394,0.000000,0.060606,0.939394,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-07-05-US-EEP-Central-Banks-and-Productivity.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Monetary policy; Labor markets; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.460000,0.530000,0.010000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
europe-antitrust-and-international-competition__question-a,europe__antitrust-and-international-competition,Antitrust and International Competition,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/antitrust-and-international-competition/,Europe,2018-05-11,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"The European Union often uses its antitrust powers to protect EU-based firms from international competition, rather than to promote greater competition in European markets.",,48,29,0,2,8,12,7,5,14,0.068966,0.655172,0.275862,-0.586207,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.068966,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-05-11-Euro-EEP-Antitrust-and-International-Competition.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.090000,0.160000,0.430000,0.320000,0.090000,0.750000,-0.660000,0.090000
europe-greece-2__question-a,europe__greece-2,Greece,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/greece-2/,Europe,2018-03-23,International Trade & Exchange Rates; Public Debt & Deficits,Question A,"Assuming it exits its third bailout program this summer without an immediate restructuring or other debt relief, Greece is unlikely to default on its sovereign debt in the coming decade.",,48,34,2,10,15,5,2,3,11,0.352941,0.205882,0.441176,0.147059,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.205882,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-03-23-Euro-EEP-Greece.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.090000,0.320000,0.360000,0.150000,0.080000,0.410000,0.230000,0.180000,0.230000
europe-greece-2__question-b,europe__greece-2,Greece,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/greece-2/,Europe,2018-03-23,International Trade & Exchange Rates; Public Debt & Deficits,Question B,Greece would be better off if it had decided to exit the euro between 2011 and 2015.,,48,35,0,5,6,16,8,2,11,0.142857,0.685714,0.171429,-0.542857,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.142857,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-03-23-Euro-EEP-Greece.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.140000,0.150000,0.450000,0.260000,0.140000,0.710000,-0.570000,0.140000
europe-greece-2__question-c,europe__greece-2,Greece,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/greece-2/,Europe,2018-03-23,International Trade & Exchange Rates; Public Debt & Deficits,Question C,"If Greece had defaulted on (or restructured) its private debt in 2010, while also staying within the euro, that combination would have been better for Greece than either exiting the euro or proceeding as it has actually done.",,48,35,10,16,6,3,0,2,11,0.742857,0.085714,0.171429,0.657143,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.085714,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-03-23-Euro-EEP-Greece.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.380000,0.440000,0.120000,0.060000,0.000000,0.820000,0.060000,0.760000,0.060000
us-greece__question-a,us__greece,Greece,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/greece/,US,2015-02-24,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Public Debt & Deficits",Question A,"In 10 years, per capita purchasing power in Greece will be higher if — rather than continuing to service its debts over the next decade and complying with the budget rules currently in place — it refuses to accept a continuation of its current troika program and explicitly defaults on its debt held by the official sector.",,42,34,0,9,20,5,0,5,3,0.264706,0.147059,0.588235,0.117647,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.147059,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-02-24-US-EEP-Greece.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.230000,0.610000,0.160000,0.000000,0.230000,0.160000,0.070000,0.160000
us-us-healthcare-prices-vs-quantity-and-quality-2__question-a,us__us-healthcare-prices-vs-quantity-and-quality-2,US Healthcare: Prices vs Quantity and Quality,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/us-healthcare-prices-vs-quantity-and-quality-2/,US,2018-12-04,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,"The US spends roughly 17% of GDP on healthcare , according to the OECD; most European countries spend less than 12% of GDP. Higher quality-adjusted US healthcare prices contribute relatively more to the extra US spending than does the combination of higher quantity and quality of US care (interpreting quantity and quality to reflect both greater American healthcare needs due to underlying population health and the delivery of more or better healthcare services to Americans).",,43,37,6,17,11,3,0,1,5,0.621622,0.081081,0.297297,0.540541,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.081081,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-12-04-US-EEP-US-Healthcare-Prices-vs-Quantity-and-Quality.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.200000,0.440000,0.280000,0.070000,0.000000,0.640000,0.070000,0.570000,0.070000
europe-us-healthcare-prices-vs-quantity-and-quality__question-a,europe__us-healthcare-prices-vs-quantity-and-quality,US Healthcare: Prices vs Quantity and Quality,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/us-healthcare-prices-vs-quantity-and-quality/,Europe,2018-02-15,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,"The US spends roughly 17% of GDP on healthcare , according to the OECD; most European countries spend less than 12% of GDP. Higher quality-adjusted US healthcare prices contribute relatively more to the extra US spending than does the combination of higher quantity and quality of US care (interpreting quantity and quality to reflect both greater American healthcare needs due to underlying population health and the delivery of more or better healthcare services to Americans).",,48,28,8,15,2,2,1,9,11,0.821429,0.107143,0.071429,0.714286,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.107143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-02-15-Euro-EEP-US-Healthcare-Price-vs-Quantity-and-Quality.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.350000,0.530000,0.010000,0.050000,0.050000,0.880000,0.100000,0.780000,0.100000
us-immigration__question-a,us__immigration,Immigration and Innovation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/immigration/,US,2018-01-17,"Migration; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"Over the past two years, all else equal, the appeal of the US as a destination for immigrants has changed in ways that will likely decrease innovation in the US economy.",,43,38,10,21,6,1,0,1,4,0.815789,0.026316,0.157895,0.789474,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-01-17-US-EEP-Immigration-and-Innovatioin.csv,mixed,,Immigration; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.320000,0.490000,0.160000,0.030000,0.000000,0.810000,0.030000,0.780000,0.030000
europe-immigration-and-innovation__question-a,europe__immigration-and-innovation,Immigration and Innovation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/immigration-and-innovation/,Europe,2018-01-25,"Migration; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"Over the past two years, all else equal, the appeal of the US as a destination for immigrants has changed in ways that will likely decrease innovation in the US economy.",,48,31,8,21,0,1,1,3,14,0.935484,0.064516,0.000000,0.870968,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.064516,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-01-25-Euro-EEP-US-Immigration-and-Innovation.csv,mixed,,Immigration; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.300000,0.630000,0.000000,0.020000,0.040000,0.930000,0.060000,0.870000,0.060000
us-after-brexit__question-a,us__after-brexit,After Brexit,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/after-brexit/,US,2021-01-13,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,The UK economy is likely to be at least several percentage points smaller in 2030 than it would have been if the country had remained in the European Union.,"The UK’s exit from the European Union (EU) was finally completed on 1 January 2021, nearly five years after the Brexit referendum of 2016. We invited both our European and US panels to express their views on the likely long-term effects on both the UK economy and the aggregate economy of the remaining 27 EU members. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,39,3,28,8,0,0,1,3,0.794872,0.000000,0.205128,0.794872,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2021-01-13-US-EEP-After-Brexit.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.120000,0.670000,0.210000,0.000000,0.000000,0.790000,0.000000,0.790000,0.000000
us-after-brexit__question-b,us__after-brexit,After Brexit,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/after-brexit/,US,2021-01-13,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,The aggregate economy of the 27 countries still in the EU is likely to be at least several percentage points smaller in 2030 than if the UK had not left.,"The UK’s exit from the European Union (EU) was finally completed on 1 January 2021, nearly five years after the Brexit referendum of 2016. We invited both our European and US panels to express their views on the likely long-term effects on both the UK economy and the aggregate economy of the remaining 27 EU members. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,39,0,7,21,11,0,1,3,0.179487,0.282051,0.538462,-0.102564,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.179487,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2021-01-13-US-EEP-After-Brexit.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.000000,0.200000,0.480000,0.310000,0.000000,0.200000,0.310000,-0.110000,0.200000
us-behavioral-economics__question-a,us__behavioral-economics,Behavioral Economics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/behavioral-economics/,US,2017-10-19,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"Insights from psychology about individual behavior – examples of which include limited rationality, low self-control, or a taste for fairness – predict several important types of observed market outcomes that fully-rational economic models do not.",,42,39,25,14,0,0,0,0,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-10-19-US-EEP-Behavioral-Economics.csv,mixed,,Political economy,source,0.90,0.740000,0.260000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
europe-behavioral-economics-2__question-a,europe__behavioral-economics-2,Behavioral Economics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/behavioral-economics-2/,Europe,2017-10-19,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"Insights from psychology about individual behavior – examples of which include limited rationality, low self-control, or a taste for fairness – predict several important types of observed market outcomes that fully-rational economic models do not.",,49,30,9,17,4,0,0,3,16,0.866667,0.000000,0.133333,0.866667,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-10-18-Euro-EEP-Behavioral-Economics.csv,mixed,,Political economy,source,0.90,0.380000,0.500000,0.120000,0.000000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000
europe-antitrust-action-2__question-a,europe__antitrust-action-2,Antitrust Action,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/antitrust-action-2/,Europe,2020-12-22,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Requiring Facebook to divest WhatsApp and Instagram is likely to make society better off.,"The US Federal Trade Commission and 46 states have brought antitrust cases against Facebook, which could potentially require the company to unwind its acquisitions of Instagram and WhatsApp. We invited both our US and European panels to express their views on this issue by asking the experts whether they agree or disagree with the following statement, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,43,8,24,9,2,0,0,5,0.744186,0.046512,0.209302,0.697674,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.046512,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-12-22-Euro-EEP-Antitrust-Action.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.220000,0.560000,0.170000,0.050000,0.000000,0.780000,0.050000,0.730000,0.050000
us-refugees-in-germany-2__question-a,us__refugees-in-germany-2,Refugees in Germany,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/refugees-in-germany-2/,US,2017-10-12,Migration; Social Policy & Society,Question A,The influx of refugees into Germany beginning in the summer of 2015 will generate net economic benefits for German citizens over the succeeding decade.,,42,33,0,17,15,1,0,2,7,0.515152,0.030303,0.454545,0.484848,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.030303,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-10-12-US-EEP-Refugees-in-Germany.csv,mixed,,Immigration; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.520000,0.460000,0.020000,0.000000,0.520000,0.020000,0.500000,0.020000
europe-refugees-in-germany__question-a,europe__refugees-in-germany,Refugees in Germany,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/refugees-in-germany/,Europe,2017-07-12,Migration; Social Policy & Society,Question A,The influx of refugees into Germany beginning in the summer of 2015 will generate net economic benefits for German citizens over the succeeding decade.,,50,39,3,14,19,2,1,1,10,0.435897,0.076923,0.487179,0.358974,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.076923,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-07-12-Euro-EEP-Refugees-in-Germany.csv,mixed,,Immigration; Political economy,source,0.90,0.100000,0.370000,0.450000,0.040000,0.030000,0.470000,0.070000,0.400000,0.070000
us-antitrust-action__question-a,us__antitrust-action,Antitrust Action,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/antitrust-action/,US,2020-12-22,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Requiring Facebook to divest WhatsApp and Instagram is likely to make society better off.,"The US Federal Trade Commission and 46 states have brought antitrust cases against Facebook, which could potentially require the company to unwind its acquisitions of Instagram and WhatsApp. We invited both our US and European panels to express their views on this issue by asking the experts whether they agree or disagree with the following statement, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,37,1,21,11,2,2,1,5,0.594595,0.108108,0.297297,0.486486,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.108108,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-12-22-US-EEP-Antitrust-Action.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.030000,0.560000,0.240000,0.080000,0.080000,0.590000,0.160000,0.430000,0.160000
europe-personnel-economics-2__question-a,europe__personnel-economics-2,Personnel Economics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/personnel-economics-2/,Europe,2020-12-08,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,Our understanding of labor productivity has been much enhanced by accounting for monetary and promotion-based incentives within firms and related selection effects.,"Edward Lazear passed away in November 2020 at the age of 72, mourned by many in the worlds of economic research and policy-making. Described by two close colleagues and co-authors at Stanford as ‘ the first personnel economist ’, he was also a founding member of IGM’s US panel and an important contributor to launching our project of polling economics experts on vital policy issues. To mark the sad occasion, we invited both our US and European panels to express their views on aspects of Eddie’s work. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,34,8,22,4,0,0,5,9,0.882353,0.000000,0.117647,0.882353,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-12-08-Euro-EEP-Personnel-Economics.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Monetary policy; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.350000,0.580000,0.070000,0.000000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000
europe-personnel-economics-2__question-b,europe__personnel-economics-2,Personnel Economics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/personnel-economics-2/,Europe,2020-12-08,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,Large salaries for senior business executives are less a reflection of an individual’s current contribution to a firm’s overall performance than a ‘prize’ for those who put in the effort to achieve one of the top positions.,"Edward Lazear passed away in November 2020 at the age of 72, mourned by many in the worlds of economic research and policy-making. Described by two close colleagues and co-authors at Stanford as ‘ the first personnel economist ’, he was also a founding member of IGM’s US panel and an important contributor to launching our project of polling economics experts on vital policy issues. To mark the sad occasion, we invited both our US and European panels to express their views on aspects of Eddie’s work. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,35,1,20,11,3,0,4,9,0.600000,0.085714,0.314286,0.514286,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.085714,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-12-08-Euro-EEP-Personnel-Economics.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Monetary policy; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.590000,0.280000,0.100000,0.000000,0.630000,0.100000,0.530000,0.100000
us-personnel-economics__question-a,us__personnel-economics,Personnel Economics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/personnel-economics/,US,2020-12-08,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,Our understanding of labor productivity has been much enhanced by accounting for monetary and promotion-based incentives within firms and related selection effects.,"Edward Lazear passed away in November 2020 at the age of 72, mourned by many in the worlds of economic research and policy-making. Described by two close colleagues and co-authors at Stanford as ‘ the first personnel economist ’, he was also a founding member of IGM’s US panel and an important contributor to launching our project of polling economics experts on vital policy issues. To mark the sad occasion, we invited both our US and European panels to express their views on aspects of Eddie’s work. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,40,16,23,0,1,0,0,3,0.975000,0.025000,0.000000,0.950000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-12-08-US-EEP-Personnel-Economics.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Monetary policy; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.480000,0.500000,0.000000,0.020000,0.000000,0.980000,0.020000,0.960000,0.020000
us-personnel-economics__question-b,us__personnel-economics,Personnel Economics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/personnel-economics/,US,2020-12-08,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,Large salaries for senior business executives are less a reflection of an individual’s current contribution to a firm’s overall performance than a ‘prize’ for those who put in the effort to achieve one of the top positions.,"Edward Lazear passed away in November 2020 at the age of 72, mourned by many in the worlds of economic research and policy-making. Described by two close colleagues and co-authors at Stanford as ‘ the first personnel economist ’, he was also a founding member of IGM’s US panel and an important contributor to launching our project of polling economics experts on vital policy issues. To mark the sad occasion, we invited both our US and European panels to express their views on aspects of Eddie’s work. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,39,2,16,17,3,1,1,3,0.461538,0.102564,0.435897,0.358974,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.102564,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-12-08-US-EEP-Personnel-Economics.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Monetary policy; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.080000,0.410000,0.390000,0.080000,0.050000,0.490000,0.130000,0.360000,0.130000
europe-wealth-taxes-2__question-a,europe__wealth-taxes-2,Wealth Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/wealth-taxes-2/,Europe,2020-11-25,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,A wealth tax would be an effective way to reduce inequality.,,48,41,9,16,11,5,0,0,7,0.609756,0.121951,0.268293,0.487805,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.121951,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-11-24-Euro-EEP-Wealth-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Inequality/redistribution; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.260000,0.390000,0.220000,0.130000,0.000000,0.650000,0.130000,0.520000,0.130000
europe-wealth-taxes-2__question-b,europe__wealth-taxes-2,Wealth Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/wealth-taxes-2/,Europe,2020-11-25,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"A wealth tax in a form discussed in the UK (where individuals could be taxed a percentage of their net worth over £750,000, excluding any personal pension savings and their main home) would be an effective way to improve public finances after the Covid-19 crisis.",,48,40,0,18,11,8,3,1,7,0.450000,0.275000,0.275000,0.175000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.275000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-11-24-Euro-EEP-Wealth-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Inequality/redistribution; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.480000,0.260000,0.160000,0.100000,0.480000,0.260000,0.220000,0.260000
europe-wealth-taxes-2__question-c,europe__wealth-taxes-2,Wealth Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/wealth-taxes-2/,Europe,2020-11-25,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,"A public policy goal that could be accomplished with a well-enforced wealth tax could be accomplished at lower cost with modifications to existing taxes, such as income tax, capital gains tax, inheritance tax and property tax.",,48,40,3,17,16,4,0,1,7,0.500000,0.100000,0.400000,0.400000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-11-24-Euro-EEP-Wealth-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Inequality/redistribution; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.500000,0.290000,0.100000,0.000000,0.610000,0.100000,0.510000,0.100000
us-antitrust-in-the-digital-economy-2__question-a,us__antitrust-in-the-digital-economy-2,Antitrust in the Digital Economy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/antitrust-in-the-digital-economy-2/,US,2020-11-03,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Google's dominance of the market for internet search arose mainly from a combination of economies of scale and a quality algorithm.,"In October, the US Department of Justice launched a federal antitrust lawsuit against Google, accusing the technology giant of abusing its dominance in the market for internet search. We invited both our US and European panels to express their views on some of the issues surrounding this case. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,39,10,27,2,0,0,0,4,0.948718,0.000000,0.051282,0.948718,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-11-03-US-EEP-Antitrust-in-the-Digital-Economy.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.300000,0.650000,0.050000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
us-antitrust-in-the-digital-economy-2__question-b,us__antitrust-in-the-digital-economy-2,Antitrust in the Digital Economy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/antitrust-in-the-digital-economy-2/,US,2020-11-03,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"In light of Google’s dominance, its current operating practices could have a substantial negative effect on social welfare in the long run.","In October, the US Department of Justice launched a federal antitrust lawsuit against Google, accusing the technology giant of abusing its dominance in the market for internet search. We invited both our US and European panels to express their views on some of the issues surrounding this case. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,39,0,20,17,2,0,0,4,0.512821,0.051282,0.435897,0.461538,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.051282,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-11-03-US-EEP-Antitrust-in-the-Digital-Economy.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.520000,0.400000,0.070000,0.000000,0.520000,0.070000,0.450000,0.070000
us-antitrust-in-the-digital-economy-2__question-c,us__antitrust-in-the-digital-economy-2,Antitrust in the Digital Economy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/antitrust-in-the-digital-economy-2/,US,2020-11-03,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,The nature of the market dominance of technology giants in the digital economy warrants either the imposition of some kind of regulation or a fundamental change in antitrust policy.,"In October, the US Department of Justice launched a federal antitrust lawsuit against Google, accusing the technology giant of abusing its dominance in the market for internet search. We invited both our US and European panels to express their views on some of the issues surrounding this case. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,38,2,17,12,7,0,1,4,0.500000,0.184211,0.315789,0.315789,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.184211,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-11-03-US-EEP-Antitrust-in-the-Digital-Economy.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.070000,0.460000,0.260000,0.210000,0.000000,0.530000,0.210000,0.320000,0.210000
europe-antitrust-in-the-digital-economy__question-a,europe__antitrust-in-the-digital-economy,Antitrust in the Digital Economy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/antitrust-in-the-digital-economy/,Europe,2020-11-03,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Google's dominance of the market for internet search arose mainly from a combination of economies of scale and a quality algorithm.,"In October, the US Department of Justice launched a federal antitrust lawsuit against Google, accusing the technology giant of abusing its dominance in the market for internet search. We invited both our US and European panels to express their views on some of the issues surrounding this case. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,41,11,27,2,1,0,0,7,0.926829,0.024390,0.048780,0.902439,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-11-03-Euro-EEP-Antitrust-in-the-Digital-Economy.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.310000,0.610000,0.050000,0.030000,0.000000,0.920000,0.030000,0.890000,0.030000
europe-antitrust-in-the-digital-economy__question-b,europe__antitrust-in-the-digital-economy,Antitrust in the Digital Economy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/antitrust-in-the-digital-economy/,Europe,2020-11-03,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"In light of Google’s dominance, its current operating practices could have a substantial negative effect on social welfare in the long run.","In October, the US Department of Justice launched a federal antitrust lawsuit against Google, accusing the technology giant of abusing its dominance in the market for internet search. We invited both our US and European panels to express their views on some of the issues surrounding this case. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,40,4,19,16,0,1,1,7,0.575000,0.025000,0.400000,0.550000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.025000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-11-03-Euro-EEP-Antitrust-in-the-Digital-Economy.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.160000,0.420000,0.380000,0.000000,0.040000,0.580000,0.040000,0.540000,0.040000
europe-antitrust-in-the-digital-economy__question-c,europe__antitrust-in-the-digital-economy,Antitrust in the Digital Economy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/antitrust-in-the-digital-economy/,Europe,2020-11-03,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,The nature of the market dominance of technology giants in the digital economy warrants either the imposition of some kind of regulation or a fundamental change in antitrust policy.,"In October, the US Department of Justice launched a federal antitrust lawsuit against Google, accusing the technology giant of abusing its dominance in the market for internet search. We invited both our US and European panels to express their views on some of the issues surrounding this case. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,41,7,28,4,1,1,0,7,0.853659,0.048780,0.097561,0.804878,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.048780,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-11-03-Euro-EEP-Antitrust-in-the-Digital-Economy.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.230000,0.650000,0.060000,0.030000,0.040000,0.880000,0.070000,0.810000,0.070000
us-auction-theory-2__question-a,us__auction-theory-2,Auction Theory,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/auction-theory-2/,US,2020-10-21,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,The practical application of auction theory to the licensing of rights to use public assets like radiospectrum and other natural resources has generated substantially higher government revenues and better allocative efficiency worldwide than would have happened under previous arrangements.,,43,40,20,19,1,0,0,1,2,0.975000,0.000000,0.025000,0.975000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020-10-21-US-EEP-Auction-Theory.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.560000,0.420000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
europe-the-search-for-a-vaccine-2__question-a,europe__the-search-for-a-vaccine-2,The Search for a Vaccine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-search-for-a-vaccine-2/,Europe,2020-06-23,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"Given the social and regulatory pressures to keep prices down for drugs and vaccines to treat Covid-19, the financial incentives for pharmaceutical companies to invest in such products are below the value of the investment to society.",,45,36,3,14,12,7,0,0,9,0.472222,0.194444,0.333333,0.277778,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.194444,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2020-06-23-Euro-EEP-The-Search-for-a-Vaccine.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.130000,0.410000,0.300000,0.160000,0.000000,0.540000,0.160000,0.380000,0.160000
europe-the-search-for-a-vaccine-2__question-b,europe__the-search-for-a-vaccine-2,The Search for a Vaccine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-search-for-a-vaccine-2/,Europe,2020-06-23,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Government commitments to pay developers and manufacturers above average costs for an effective vaccine or drug treatments for Covid-19 would accelerate production.,,45,36,5,23,4,4,0,0,9,0.777778,0.111111,0.111111,0.666667,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.111111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2020-06-23-Euro-EEP-The-Search-for-a-Vaccine.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.190000,0.630000,0.090000,0.090000,0.000000,0.820000,0.090000,0.730000,0.090000
europe-the-search-for-a-vaccine-2__question-c,europe__the-search-for-a-vaccine-2,The Search for a Vaccine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-search-for-a-vaccine-2/,Europe,2020-06-23,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,"Given the positive externalities from vaccination, an effective Covid-19 vaccine should have priority in public healthcare funding even in countries where other diseases cause more death and disability.",,45,35,2,11,15,7,0,1,9,0.371429,0.200000,0.428571,0.171429,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.200000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2020-06-23-Euro-EEP-The-Search-for-a-Vaccine.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.060000,0.320000,0.420000,0.200000,0.000000,0.380000,0.200000,0.180000,0.200000
us-the-search-for-a-vaccine__question-a,us__the-search-for-a-vaccine,The Search for a Vaccine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-search-for-a-vaccine/,US,2020-06-23,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"Given the social and regulatory pressures to keep prices down for drugs and vaccines to treat Covid-19, the financial incentives for pharmaceutical companies to invest in such products are below the value of the investment to society.",,43,41,11,15,10,4,1,0,2,0.634146,0.121951,0.243902,0.512195,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.121951,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-06-23-US-EEP-The-Search-for-a-Vaccine.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.340000,0.360000,0.190000,0.080000,0.030000,0.700000,0.110000,0.590000,0.110000
us-the-search-for-a-vaccine__question-b,us__the-search-for-a-vaccine,The Search for a Vaccine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-search-for-a-vaccine/,US,2020-06-23,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Government commitments to pay developers and manufacturers above average costs for an effective vaccine or drug treatments for Covid-19 would accelerate production.,,43,41,7,28,5,1,0,0,2,0.853659,0.024390,0.121951,0.829268,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-06-23-US-EEP-The-Search-for-a-Vaccine.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.200000,0.670000,0.110000,0.020000,0.000000,0.870000,0.020000,0.850000,0.020000
us-the-search-for-a-vaccine__question-c,us__the-search-for-a-vaccine,The Search for a Vaccine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-search-for-a-vaccine/,US,2020-06-23,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,"Given the positive externalities from vaccination, an effective Covid-19 vaccine should be mandatory for every US resident (except those with health exceptions, such as infants and people with compromised immunity) with the cost covered by the federal government.",,43,41,14,19,6,2,0,0,2,0.804878,0.048780,0.146341,0.756098,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.048780,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-06-23-US-EEP-The-Search-for-a-Vaccine.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.440000,0.410000,0.110000,0.050000,0.000000,0.850000,0.050000,0.800000,0.050000
us-prices-of-medical-supplies-2__question-a,us__prices-of-medical-supplies-2,Prices of Medical Supplies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/prices-of-medical-supplies-2/,US,2020-05-26,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Clearing the market for surgical face masks using prices is detrimental to the public good.,,43,34,6,16,6,5,1,1,8,0.647059,0.176471,0.176471,0.470588,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.176471,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-05-19-US-EEP-Prices-of-Medical-Supplies.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.250000,0.480000,0.090000,0.130000,0.040000,0.730000,0.170000,0.560000,0.170000
us-prices-of-medical-supplies-2__question-b,us__prices-of-medical-supplies-2,Prices of Medical Supplies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/prices-of-medical-supplies-2/,US,2020-05-26,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,Laws to prevent high prices for essential goods in short supply in a crisis would raise social welfare.,,43,35,1,9,14,10,1,0,8,0.285714,0.314286,0.400000,-0.028571,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.285714,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-05-19-US-EEP-Prices-of-Medical-Supplies.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.040000,0.310000,0.290000,0.300000,0.060000,0.350000,0.360000,-0.010000,0.350000
us-prices-of-medical-supplies-2__question-c,us__prices-of-medical-supplies-2,Prices of Medical Supplies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/prices-of-medical-supplies-2/,US,2020-05-26,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,Governments should buy essential medical supplies at what would have been the market price and redistribute according to need rather than ability to pay.,,43,34,3,20,10,1,0,1,8,0.676471,0.029412,0.294118,0.647059,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.029412,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-05-19-US-EEP-Prices-of-Medical-Supplies.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.110000,0.670000,0.190000,0.030000,0.000000,0.780000,0.030000,0.750000,0.030000
europe-prices-of-medical-supplies__question-a,europe__prices-of-medical-supplies,Prices of Medical Supplies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/prices-of-medical-supplies/,Europe,2020-05-20,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Clearing the market for surgical face masks using prices is detrimental to the public good.,,46,39,5,13,14,5,2,0,7,0.461538,0.179487,0.358974,0.282051,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.179487,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2020-05-20-Euro-EEP-Prices-of-Medical-Supplies.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.170000,0.340000,0.300000,0.110000,0.070000,0.510000,0.180000,0.330000,0.180000
europe-prices-of-medical-supplies__question-b,europe__prices-of-medical-supplies,Prices of Medical Supplies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/prices-of-medical-supplies/,Europe,2020-05-20,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,Laws to prevent high prices for essential goods in short supply in a crisis would raise social welfare.,,46,39,2,13,12,12,0,0,7,0.384615,0.307692,0.307692,0.076923,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.307692,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2020-05-20-Euro-EEP-Prices-of-Medical-Supplies.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.070000,0.310000,0.310000,0.310000,0.000000,0.380000,0.310000,0.070000,0.310000
europe-prices-of-medical-supplies__question-c,europe__prices-of-medical-supplies,Prices of Medical Supplies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/prices-of-medical-supplies/,Europe,2020-05-20,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,Governments should buy essential medical supplies at what would have been the market price and redistribute according to need rather than ability to pay.,,46,39,11,18,8,2,0,0,7,0.743590,0.051282,0.205128,0.692308,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.051282,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2020-05-20-Euro-EEP-Prices-of-Medical-Supplies.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.340000,0.450000,0.170000,0.050000,0.000000,0.790000,0.050000,0.740000,0.050000
us-covid-19-and-the-world-economy-2__question-a,us__covid-19-and-the-world-economy-2,COVID-19 and the World Economy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/covid-19-and-the-world-economy-2/,US,2020-05-05,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,Economic damage from the virus and lockdowns will ultimately fall disproportionately hard on low- and middle-income countries.,,44,40,4,19,14,3,0,1,3,0.575000,0.075000,0.350000,0.500000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.075000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-05-05-US-EEP-COVID-19-and-the-World-Economy.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.180000,0.470000,0.260000,0.090000,0.000000,0.650000,0.090000,0.560000,0.090000
us-covid-19-and-the-world-economy-2__question-b,us__covid-19-and-the-world-economy-2,COVID-19 and the World Economy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/covid-19-and-the-world-economy-2/,US,2020-05-05,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,A temporary standstill on sovereign debt payments by low- and middle-income countries to all official and private creditors to give those countries space to cover the immediate costs of the crisis would benefit advanced economies.,,44,39,2,19,17,1,0,2,3,0.538462,0.025641,0.435897,0.512821,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-05-05-US-EEP-COVID-19-and-the-World-Economy.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.070000,0.580000,0.320000,0.030000,0.000000,0.650000,0.030000,0.620000,0.030000
us-covid-19-and-the-world-economy-2__question-c,us__covid-19-and-the-world-economy-2,COVID-19 and the World Economy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/covid-19-and-the-world-economy-2/,US,2020-05-05,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question C,"Export restrictions on food and medical supplies, and other protectionist measures, are likely to cost lives and slow economic recovery in all countries.",,44,40,11,23,5,1,0,1,3,0.850000,0.025000,0.125000,0.825000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-05-05-US-EEP-COVID-19-and-the-World-Economy.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.400000,0.530000,0.060000,0.010000,0.000000,0.930000,0.010000,0.920000,0.010000
europe-covid-19-and-the-world-economy__question-a,europe__covid-19-and-the-world-economy,COVID-19 and the World Economy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/covid-19-and-the-world-economy/,Europe,2020-05-05,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,Economic damage from the virus and lockdowns will ultimately fall disproportionately hard on low- and middle-income countries.,,46,41,8,19,12,2,0,0,5,0.658537,0.048780,0.292683,0.609756,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.048780,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2020-05-05-Euro-EEP-COVID-19-and-the-World-Economy.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.260000,0.440000,0.240000,0.060000,0.000000,0.700000,0.060000,0.640000,0.060000
europe-covid-19-and-the-world-economy__question-b,europe__covid-19-and-the-world-economy,COVID-19 and the World Economy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/covid-19-and-the-world-economy/,Europe,2020-05-05,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,A temporary standstill on sovereign debt payments by low- and middle-income countries to all official and private creditors to give those countries space to cover the immediate costs of the crisis would benefit advanced economies.,,46,39,5,20,11,3,0,2,5,0.641026,0.076923,0.282051,0.564103,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.076923,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2020-05-05-Euro-EEP-COVID-19-and-the-World-Economy.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.160000,0.520000,0.230000,0.080000,0.000000,0.680000,0.080000,0.600000,0.080000
europe-covid-19-and-the-world-economy__question-c,europe__covid-19-and-the-world-economy,COVID-19 and the World Economy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/covid-19-and-the-world-economy/,Europe,2020-05-05,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question C,"Export restrictions on food and medical supplies, and other protectionist measures, are likely to cost lives and slow economic recovery in all countries.",,46,41,20,18,3,0,0,0,5,0.926829,0.000000,0.073171,0.926829,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2020-05-05-Euro-EEP-COVID-19-and-the-World-Economy.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.560000,0.390000,0.050000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
europe-inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis-2__question-a,europe__inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis-2,Inequality and the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis-2/,Europe,2020-04-14,"Education & Skills; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,"Even with the support policies implemented by European governments in response to the crisis, low-income workers will suffer a relatively bigger hit to their incomes than those further up the distribution.",,46,42,19,17,6,0,0,0,4,0.857143,0.000000,0.142857,0.857143,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-14-Euro-EEP-Inequality-and-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.520000,0.360000,0.110000,0.000000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000
europe-inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis-2__question-b,europe__inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis-2,Inequality and the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis-2/,Europe,2020-04-14,"Education & Skills; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question B,"With schools across Europe closed in the lockdown, existing gaps in access to quality education between high- and low-income households will be exacerbated.",,46,42,21,13,5,3,0,0,4,0.809524,0.071429,0.119048,0.738095,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.071429,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-14-Euro-EEP-Inequality-and-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.580000,0.260000,0.090000,0.060000,0.000000,0.840000,0.060000,0.780000,0.060000
europe-inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis-2__question-c,europe__inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis-2,Inequality and the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis-2/,Europe,2020-04-14,"Education & Skills; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question C,Combating the effects of the pandemic on inequality should be a priority for policy interventions.,,46,42,11,21,3,7,0,0,4,0.761905,0.166667,0.071429,0.595238,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.166667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-14-Euro-EEP-Inequality-and-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.300000,0.510000,0.050000,0.150000,0.000000,0.810000,0.150000,0.660000,0.150000
us-inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis__question-a,us__inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis,Inequality and the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis/,US,2020-04-13,"Education & Skills; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,"With the economy in lockdown, low-income workers who are above the poverty line will suffer a relatively bigger hit to their incomes than those further up the distribution (even accounting for all government support schemes).",,44,43,15,22,6,0,0,0,1,0.860465,0.000000,0.139535,0.860465,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-04-13-US-EEP-Inequality-and-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.450000,0.460000,0.100000,0.000000,0.000000,0.910000,0.000000,0.910000,0.000000
us-inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis__question-b,us__inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis,Inequality and the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis/,US,2020-04-13,"Education & Skills; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question B,"With the economy in lockdown, existing gaps in access to quality education between high- and low-income households will be exacerbated.",,44,43,19,21,3,0,0,0,1,0.930233,0.000000,0.069767,0.930233,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-04-13-US-EEP-Inequality-and-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.480000,0.480000,0.040000,0.000000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000
us-inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis__question-c,us__inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis,Inequality and the COVID-19 Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-and-the-covid-19-crisis/,US,2020-04-13,"Education & Skills; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question C,The mortality impact of Covid-19 is likely to fall disproportionately on disadvantaged socio-economic groups.,,44,43,22,20,1,0,0,0,1,0.976744,0.000000,0.023256,0.976744,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-04-13-US-EEP-Inequality-and-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.540000,0.460000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-coronavirus-2__question-a,us__coronavirus-2,Coronavirus,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/coronavirus-2/,US,2020-03-12,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; COVID-19; Healthcare & Wellbeing",Question A,"Even if the mortality of COVID-19 proves to be limited (similar to the number of flu deaths in a regular season), it is likely to cause a major recession.",,43,35,4,18,11,2,0,1,7,0.628571,0.057143,0.314286,0.571429,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.057143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-03-12-US-EEP-Coronavirus.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.180000,0.440000,0.310000,0.080000,0.000000,0.620000,0.080000,0.540000,0.080000
us-coronavirus-2__question-b,us__coronavirus-2,Coronavirus,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/coronavirus-2/,US,2020-03-12,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; COVID-19; Healthcare & Wellbeing",Question B,The economic effects of COVID-19 coming from reduced spending will be larger than those coming from disruptions to supply chains and illness-related workforce reductions.,,43,36,0,14,20,2,0,0,7,0.388889,0.055556,0.555556,0.333333,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.055556,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-03-12-US-EEP-Coronavirus.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.440000,0.520000,0.030000,0.000000,0.440000,0.030000,0.410000,0.030000
europe-coronavirus__question-a,europe__coronavirus,Coronavirus,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/coronavirus/,Europe,2020-03-12,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; COVID-19; Healthcare & Wellbeing",Question A,"Even if the mortality of COVID-19 proves to be limited (similar to the number of flu deaths in a regular season), it is likely to cause a major recession.",,46,38,14,15,7,2,0,0,8,0.763158,0.052632,0.184211,0.710526,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.052632,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-03-12-Euro-EEP-Coronavirus.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.480000,0.340000,0.130000,0.040000,0.000000,0.820000,0.040000,0.780000,0.040000
europe-coronavirus__question-b,europe__coronavirus,Coronavirus,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/coronavirus/,Europe,2020-03-12,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; COVID-19; Healthcare & Wellbeing",Question B,The economic effects of COVID-19 coming from reduced spending will be larger than those coming from disruptions to supply chains and illness-related workforce reductions.,,46,37,1,15,17,4,0,1,8,0.432432,0.108108,0.459459,0.324324,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.108108,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-03-12-Euro-EEP-Coronavirus.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.430000,0.410000,0.120000,0.000000,0.470000,0.120000,0.350000,0.120000
europe-coronavirus__question-c,europe__coronavirus,Coronavirus,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/coronavirus/,Europe,2020-03-12,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; COVID-19; Healthcare & Wellbeing",Question C,The economic policy institutions of the Eurozone are well equipped to ameliorate the potential economic damage from COVID-19.,,46,36,0,5,8,18,5,2,8,0.138889,0.638889,0.222222,-0.500000,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.138889,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-03-12-Euro-EEP-Coronavirus.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.140000,0.170000,0.480000,0.210000,0.140000,0.690000,-0.550000,0.140000
europe-central-banking-and-climate-change-2__question-a,europe__central-banking-and-climate-change-2,Central Banking and Climate Change,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/central-banking-and-climate-change-2/,Europe,2019-12-12,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"Under current policies on climate change, the associated physical risks (such as those arising from total seasonal rainfall and sea level changes, and increased frequency, severity, and correlation of extreme weather events) will be at most a very small factor in monetary policy decisions over the next decade.",,48,37,6,11,13,6,1,2,9,0.459459,0.189189,0.351351,0.270270,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.189189,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-12-12-Euro-EEP-Central-Banking-and-Climate-Change.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.210000,0.320000,0.250000,0.200000,0.030000,0.530000,0.230000,0.300000,0.230000
europe-central-banking-and-climate-change-2__question-b,europe__central-banking-and-climate-change-2,Central Banking and Climate Change,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/central-banking-and-climate-change-2/,Europe,2019-12-12,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,The physical risks associated with climate change under current policies are likely to threaten financial stability over the next decade.,,48,37,2,12,14,7,2,2,9,0.378378,0.243243,0.378378,0.135135,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.243243,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-12-12-Euro-EEP-Central-Banking-and-Climate-Change.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.050000,0.360000,0.350000,0.180000,0.070000,0.410000,0.250000,0.160000,0.250000
us-central-banking-and-climate-change__question-a,us__central-banking-and-climate-change,Central Banking and Climate Change,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/central-banking-and-climate-change/,US,2019-11-20,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"Under current policies on climate change, the associated physical risks (such as those arising from total seasonal rainfall and sea level changes, and increased frequency, severity, and correlation of extreme weather events) will be at most a very small factor in monetary policy decisions over the next decade.",,43,38,2,15,13,8,0,2,3,0.447368,0.210526,0.342105,0.236842,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.210526,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-11-20-US-EEP-Central-Banking-and-Climate-Change.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.100000,0.440000,0.310000,0.150000,0.000000,0.540000,0.150000,0.390000,0.150000
us-central-banking-and-climate-change__question-b,us__central-banking-and-climate-change,Central Banking and Climate Change,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/central-banking-and-climate-change/,US,2019-11-20,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,The physical risks associated with climate change under current policies are likely to threaten financial stability over the next decade.,,43,38,1,9,13,13,2,2,3,0.263158,0.394737,0.342105,-0.131579,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.263158,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-11-20-US-EEP-Central-Banking-and-Climate-Change.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.050000,0.220000,0.370000,0.310000,0.050000,0.270000,0.360000,-0.090000,0.270000
us-overheating__question-a,us__overheating,Overheating,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/overheating/,US,2021-06-08,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,The current combination of US fiscal and monetary policy poses a serious risk of prolonged higher inflation.,"Amid fierce public debates about the size of the Biden administration’s coronavirus protection and stimulus package, we invited our US panel to express their views on the likelihood of the economy ‘overheating’ as a result of the current stance of fiscal and monetary policy. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statement, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,38,0,11,17,9,1,0,5,0.289474,0.263158,0.447368,0.026316,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.263158,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-06-08-US-EEP-Overheating.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.330000,0.360000,0.260000,0.040000,0.330000,0.300000,0.030000,0.300000
europe-political-economics-2__question-a,europe__political-economics-2,Political Economics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/political-economics-2/,Europe,2020-06-08,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,"Political conflict plays a key role in shaping economic decisions, policies and outcomes.","Alberto Alesina , a founding member of the IGM economic experts panel, passed away in May 2020 – a sad loss for the whole research community. As the remembrances posted by the IGM directors on our website illustrate, Alberto was a fantastic economist, a wonderful person and a friend to many of the panelists. To mark the sad occasion, we invited both our US and European panels to express their views on aspects of Alberto’s work. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",45,39,19,20,0,0,0,0,6,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2020-06-08-Euro-EEP-Political-Economics.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.560000,0.440000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
europe-political-economics-2__question-b,europe__political-economics-2,Political Economics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/political-economics-2/,Europe,2020-06-08,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question B,Most European countries have larger social welfare systems than the United States in part because the latter is more heterogeneous by race and ethnicity.,"Alberto Alesina , a founding member of the IGM economic experts panel, passed away in May 2020 – a sad loss for the whole research community. As the remembrances posted by the IGM directors on our website illustrate, Alberto was a fantastic economist, a wonderful person and a friend to many of the panelists. To mark the sad occasion, we invited both our US and European panels to express their views on aspects of Alberto’s work. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",45,39,4,14,16,5,0,0,6,0.461538,0.128205,0.410256,0.333333,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.128205,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2020-06-08-Euro-EEP-Political-Economics.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.150000,0.400000,0.330000,0.130000,0.000000,0.550000,0.130000,0.420000,0.130000
us-political-economics__question-a,us__political-economics,Political Economics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/political-economics/,US,2020-06-04,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,"Political conflict plays a key role in shaping economic decisions, policies and outcomes.","Alberto Alesina , a founding member of the IGM economic experts panel, passed away in May 2020 – a sad loss for the whole research community. As the remembrances posted by the IGM directors on our website illustrate, Alberto was a fantastic economist, a wonderful person and a friend to many of the panelists. To mark the sad occasion, we invited both our US and European panels to express their views on aspects of Alberto’s work. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,40,25,15,0,0,0,0,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-06-04-US-EEP-Political-Economics.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.690000,0.310000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-political-economics__question-b,us__political-economics,Political Economics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/political-economics/,US,2020-06-04,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question B,The US has a smaller social welfare system than other rich countries in part because it is more heterogeneous by race and ethnicity.,"Alberto Alesina , a founding member of the IGM economic experts panel, passed away in May 2020 – a sad loss for the whole research community. As the remembrances posted by the IGM directors on our website illustrate, Alberto was a fantastic economist, a wonderful person and a friend to many of the panelists. To mark the sad occasion, we invited both our US and European panels to express their views on aspects of Alberto’s work. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,40,5,28,6,1,0,0,3,0.825000,0.025000,0.150000,0.800000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-06-04-US-EEP-Political-Economics.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.170000,0.690000,0.130000,0.010000,0.000000,0.860000,0.010000,0.850000,0.010000
europe-global-corporate-taxes-2__question-a,europe__global-corporate-taxes-2,Global Corporate Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/global-corporate-taxes-2/,Europe,2021-06-29,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,A global minimum corporate tax rate would limit the benefits to companies of shifting profits to low-tax jurisdictions without biasing where they invest.,"Leaders of the advanced economies of the G7 recently made what they described as a ‘historic commitment’ on taxation of multinational corporations. We invited both our European and US panels to express their views on some of the issues surrounding the global deal on corporate taxes: the impact of a global minimum rate on investment, profit-shifting and low-tax jurisdictions; whether a stable international tax system that includes a global minimum rate can be achieved; and a potential move from levying taxes based on where firms’ headquarters and production are located to where they make their sales. Read More...",48,37,13,21,2,1,0,1,10,0.918919,0.027027,0.054054,0.891892,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.027027,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-06-29-Euro-EEP-Global-Corporate-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.440000,0.500000,0.040000,0.030000,0.000000,0.940000,0.030000,0.910000,0.030000
europe-global-corporate-taxes-2__question-b,europe__global-corporate-taxes-2,Global Corporate Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/global-corporate-taxes-2/,Europe,2021-06-29,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,An international tax system in which the major advanced economies set a minimum rate on corporate income is achievable.,"Leaders of the advanced economies of the G7 recently made what they described as a ‘historic commitment’ on taxation of multinational corporations. We invited both our European and US panels to express their views on some of the issues surrounding the global deal on corporate taxes: the impact of a global minimum rate on investment, profit-shifting and low-tax jurisdictions; whether a stable international tax system that includes a global minimum rate can be achieved; and a potential move from levying taxes based on where firms’ headquarters and production are located to where they make their sales. Read More...",48,37,2,24,10,1,0,1,10,0.702703,0.027027,0.270270,0.675676,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.027027,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-06-29-Euro-EEP-Global-Corporate-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.070000,0.680000,0.230000,0.020000,0.000000,0.750000,0.020000,0.730000,0.020000
europe-global-corporate-taxes-2__question-c,europe__global-corporate-taxes-2,Global Corporate Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/global-corporate-taxes-2/,Europe,2021-06-29,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,A global corporate tax system that is based on the location of final consumers would be more efficient than one based on the location of corporate headquarters and production facilities.,"Leaders of the advanced economies of the G7 recently made what they described as a ‘historic commitment’ on taxation of multinational corporations. We invited both our European and US panels to express their views on some of the issues surrounding the global deal on corporate taxes: the impact of a global minimum rate on investment, profit-shifting and low-tax jurisdictions; whether a stable international tax system that includes a global minimum rate can be achieved; and a potential move from levying taxes based on where firms’ headquarters and production are located to where they make their sales. Read More...",48,36,5,10,20,1,0,2,10,0.416667,0.027778,0.555556,0.388889,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.027778,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-06-29-Euro-EEP-Global-Corporate-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.190000,0.320000,0.470000,0.020000,0.000000,0.510000,0.020000,0.490000,0.020000
us-global-corporate-taxes__question-a,us__global-corporate-taxes,Global Corporate Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/global-corporate-taxes/,US,2021-06-24,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,A global minimum corporate tax rate would limit the benefits to companies of shifting profits to low-tax jurisdictions without biasing where they invest.,"Leaders of the advanced economies of the G7 recently made what they described as a ‘historic commitment’ on taxation of multinational corporations. We invited both our European and US panels to express their views on some of the issues surrounding the global deal on corporate taxes: the impact of a global minimum rate on investment, profit-shifting and low-tax jurisdictions; whether a stable international tax system that includes a global minimum rate can be achieved; and a potential move from levying taxes based on where firms’ headquarters and production are located to where they make their sales. Read More...",43,35,4,29,2,0,0,2,6,0.942857,0.000000,0.057143,0.942857,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-06-24-US-EEP-Global-Corporate-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.130000,0.820000,0.050000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
us-global-corporate-taxes__question-b,us__global-corporate-taxes,Global Corporate Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/global-corporate-taxes/,US,2021-06-24,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,A stable international tax system in which the major advanced economies collect a minimum rate on corporate income is achievable.,"Leaders of the advanced economies of the G7 recently made what they described as a ‘historic commitment’ on taxation of multinational corporations. We invited both our European and US panels to express their views on some of the issues surrounding the global deal on corporate taxes: the impact of a global minimum rate on investment, profit-shifting and low-tax jurisdictions; whether a stable international tax system that includes a global minimum rate can be achieved; and a potential move from levying taxes based on where firms’ headquarters and production are located to where they make their sales. Read More...",43,35,2,16,13,3,1,2,6,0.514286,0.114286,0.371429,0.400000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.114286,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-06-24-US-EEP-Global-Corporate-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.060000,0.490000,0.330000,0.070000,0.050000,0.550000,0.120000,0.430000,0.120000
us-global-corporate-taxes__question-c,us__global-corporate-taxes,Global Corporate Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/global-corporate-taxes/,US,2021-06-24,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,A global corporate tax system that is based on the location of final consumers would be more efficient than one based on the location of corporate headquarters and production facilities.,"Leaders of the advanced economies of the G7 recently made what they described as a ‘historic commitment’ on taxation of multinational corporations. We invited both our European and US panels to express their views on some of the issues surrounding the global deal on corporate taxes: the impact of a global minimum rate on investment, profit-shifting and low-tax jurisdictions; whether a stable international tax system that includes a global minimum rate can be achieved; and a potential move from levying taxes based on where firms’ headquarters and production are located to where they make their sales. Read More...",43,36,2,23,11,0,0,1,6,0.694444,0.000000,0.305556,0.694444,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-06-24-US-EEP-Global-Corporate-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.090000,0.630000,0.270000,0.000000,0.000000,0.720000,0.000000,0.720000,0.000000
europe-open-economies__question-a,europe__open-economies,Open Economies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/open-economies/,Europe,2021-07-07,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,"The introduction of even small trade frictions between neighboring countries can result in significant economic damage, particularly to smaller exporting firms.","Peter Neary , a member of IGM’s panel of European economic experts , passed away in June 2021 – a sad loss for the whole economic research community. On VoxEU , Patrick Honohan of Trinity College Dublin, a fellow Irishman and member of the European panel, co-authored an appreciation of Peter, whom he and Cormac o’Grada describe as ‘one of the profession’s European leaders, both in terms of the depth and range of his research and his role as a wizard of organizational development’. There have also been obituaries on his Oxford college website , and in the Irish Times and the Irish Independent . In May, former colleagues of Peter’s at University College Dublin organized an online conference to discuss his far-ranging work, which included research on imperfect competition in international markets, trade policy, multiproduct firms, and the specific concerns of resource-rich economies. On the day he died, as one of his sons tweeted , he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the National University of Ireland. Read More...",48,35,7,17,11,0,0,2,11,0.685714,0.000000,0.314286,0.685714,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-07-07-Euro-EEP-Open-Economies.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.300000,0.490000,0.210000,0.000000,0.000000,0.790000,0.000000,0.790000,0.000000
europe-open-economies__question-b,europe__open-economies,Open Economies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/open-economies/,Europe,2021-07-07,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,"A national economic boom based on natural resources is likely to harm other sectors of the economy, particularly manufacturing firms.","Peter Neary , a member of IGM’s panel of European economic experts , passed away in June 2021 – a sad loss for the whole economic research community. On VoxEU , Patrick Honohan of Trinity College Dublin, a fellow Irishman and member of the European panel, co-authored an appreciation of Peter, whom he and Cormac o’Grada describe as ‘one of the profession’s European leaders, both in terms of the depth and range of his research and his role as a wizard of organizational development’. There have also been obituaries on his Oxford college website , and in the Irish Times and the Irish Independent . In May, former colleagues of Peter’s at University College Dublin organized an online conference to discuss his far-ranging work, which included research on imperfect competition in international markets, trade policy, multiproduct firms, and the specific concerns of resource-rich economies. On the day he died, as one of his sons tweeted , he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the National University of Ireland. Read More...",48,37,3,22,10,1,1,0,11,0.675676,0.054054,0.270270,0.621622,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.054054,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-07-07-Euro-EEP-Open-Economies.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.120000,0.580000,0.250000,0.020000,0.040000,0.700000,0.060000,0.640000,0.060000
us-open-economies-2__question-a,us__open-economies-2,Open Economies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/open-economies-2/,US,2021-07-07,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,"The introduction of even small trade frictions between neighboring countries can result in significant economic damage, particularly to smaller exporting firms.","Peter Neary , a member of IGM’s panel of European economic experts , passed away in June 2021 – a sad loss for the whole economic research community. On VoxEU , Patrick Honohan of Trinity College Dublin, a fellow Irishman and member of the European panel, co-authored an appreciation of Peter, whom he and Cormac o’Grada describe as ‘one of the profession’s European leaders, both in terms of the depth and range of his research and his role as a wizard of organizational development’. There have also been obituaries on his Oxford college website , and in the Irish Times and the Irish Independent . In May, former colleagues of Peter’s at University College Dublin organized an online conference to discuss his far-ranging work, which included research on imperfect competition in international markets, trade policy, multiproduct firms, and the specific concerns of resource-rich economies. On the day he died, as one of his sons tweeted , he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the National University of Ireland. Read More...",43,33,0,18,14,1,0,4,6,0.545455,0.030303,0.424242,0.515152,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.030303,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-07-07-US-EEP-Open-Economies.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.000000,0.610000,0.360000,0.030000,0.000000,0.610000,0.030000,0.580000,0.030000
us-open-economies-2__question-b,us__open-economies-2,Open Economies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/open-economies-2/,US,2021-07-07,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,"A national economic boom based on natural resources is likely to harm other sectors of the economy, particularly manufacturing firms.","Peter Neary , a member of IGM’s panel of European economic experts , passed away in June 2021 – a sad loss for the whole economic research community. On VoxEU , Patrick Honohan of Trinity College Dublin, a fellow Irishman and member of the European panel, co-authored an appreciation of Peter, whom he and Cormac o’Grada describe as ‘one of the profession’s European leaders, both in terms of the depth and range of his research and his role as a wizard of organizational development’. There have also been obituaries on his Oxford college website , and in the Irish Times and the Irish Independent . In May, former colleagues of Peter’s at University College Dublin organized an online conference to discuss his far-ranging work, which included research on imperfect competition in international markets, trade policy, multiproduct firms, and the specific concerns of resource-rich economies. On the day he died, as one of his sons tweeted , he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the National University of Ireland. Read More...",43,34,1,19,12,2,0,3,6,0.588235,0.058824,0.352941,0.529412,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.058824,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-07-07-US-EEP-Open-Economies.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.050000,0.540000,0.370000,0.040000,0.000000,0.590000,0.040000,0.550000,0.040000
us-brexit__question-a,us__brexit,Brexit,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/brexit/,US,2016-02-02,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity",Question A,"If the UK opts to withdraw from the European Union, and assuming Scotland stays in the UK, the level of the UK's real per-capita income a decade later will be lower than if it remains part of the EU.",,42,34,2,15,15,1,1,4,4,0.500000,0.058824,0.441176,0.441176,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.058824,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-02-02-US-EEP-Brexit.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.090000,0.500000,0.330000,0.010000,0.060000,0.590000,0.070000,0.520000,0.070000
us-brexit__question-b,us__brexit,Brexit,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/brexit/,US,2016-02-02,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity",Question B,"If the UK exits the EU, then it substantially increases the chances that some other current region of the EU will also exit within the following decade.",,42,34,3,24,6,1,0,4,4,0.794118,0.029412,0.176471,0.764706,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.029412,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2016-02-02-US-EEP-Brexit.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.120000,0.760000,0.110000,0.020000,0.000000,0.880000,0.020000,0.860000,0.020000
europe-trade-within-europe__question-a,europe__trade-within-europe,Trade Within Europe,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trade-within-europe/,Europe,2016-12-07,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,Freer movement of goods and services across borders within Europe has made the average western European citizen better off since the 1980s.,,50,46,34,12,0,0,0,1,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2016-12-07-Euro-EEP-Trade-within-Europe.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.780000,0.220000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
europe-trade-within-europe__question-b,europe__trade-within-europe,Trade Within Europe,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trade-within-europe/,Europe,2016-12-07,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,Freer movement of goods and services across borders within Europe has made many low-skilled western European citizens worse off since the 1980s.,,50,46,1,10,9,21,5,1,3,0.239130,0.565217,0.195652,-0.326087,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.239130,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2016-12-07-Euro-EEP-Trade-within-Europe.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.030000,0.190000,0.170000,0.450000,0.160000,0.220000,0.610000,-0.390000,0.220000
europe-eu-fiscal-rules__question-a,europe__eu-fiscal-rules,EU Fiscal Rules,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/eu-fiscal-rules/,Europe,2018-12-19,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,The fiscal rules of the European Union should give more flexibility to member countries.,,50,38,3,17,10,7,1,1,11,0.526316,0.210526,0.263158,0.315789,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.210526,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-12-19-Euro-EEP-EU-Fiscal-Rules.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation,source,0.90,0.110000,0.450000,0.240000,0.170000,0.020000,0.560000,0.190000,0.370000,0.190000
europe-eu-fiscal-rules__question-b,europe__eu-fiscal-rules,EU Fiscal Rules,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/eu-fiscal-rules/,Europe,2018-12-19,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,The Italian budget for 2019 that the European Commission rejected in October would have increased Italy’s risk of fiscal insolvency substantially.,,50,38,6,20,6,5,1,1,11,0.684211,0.157895,0.157895,0.526316,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.157895,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-12-19-Euro-EEP-EU-Fiscal-Rules.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation,source,0.90,0.190000,0.550000,0.120000,0.130000,0.000000,0.740000,0.130000,0.610000,0.130000
europe-eu-fiscal-rules__question-c,europe__eu-fiscal-rules,EU Fiscal Rules,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/eu-fiscal-rules/,Europe,2018-12-19,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question C,"If France runs a 2019 budget deficit of around 3.4% of GDP, as announced by President Macron’s government, France’s risk of fiscal insolvency will increase substantially.",,50,38,0,4,6,23,5,1,11,0.105263,0.736842,0.157895,-0.631579,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.105263,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-12-19-Euro-EEP-EU-Fiscal-Rules.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.070000,0.130000,0.670000,0.130000,0.070000,0.800000,-0.730000,0.070000
us-bitcoin__question-a,us__bitcoin,Bitcoin,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bitcoin/,US,2013-04-22,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,"A bitcoin's value derives solely from the belief that others will want to use it for trade, which implies that its purchasing power is likely to fluctuate over time to a degree that will limit its usefulness.",,38,35,7,23,3,2,0,2,1,0.857143,0.057143,0.085714,0.800000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.057143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-04-22-US-EEP-Bitcoin.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Trade,mixed,0.80,0.230000,0.640000,0.070000,0.060000,0.000000,0.870000,0.060000,0.810000,0.060000
us-antitrust-and-international-competition-2__question-a,us__antitrust-and-international-competition-2,Antitrust and International Competition,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/antitrust-and-international-competition-2/,US,2018-06-13,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"The European Union often uses its antitrust powers to protect EU-based firms from international competition, rather than to promote greater competition in European markets.",,43,28,1,7,13,7,0,8,7,0.285714,0.250000,0.464286,0.035714,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.250000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-06-13-US-EEP-Antitrust-and-International-Competition.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.070000,0.250000,0.430000,0.250000,0.000000,0.320000,0.250000,0.070000,0.250000
us-money-market-funds__question-a,us__money-market-funds,Money Market Funds,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/money-market-funds/,US,2012-08-14,"Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"The way in which money market funds normally trade – at one dollar per share, even though the per-share value of the assets backing them varies over time – made them vulnerable to a run in 2008 before they received taxpayer guarantees.",,39,24,11,11,2,0,0,9,6,0.916667,0.000000,0.083333,0.916667,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-08-14-US-EEP-Money-Market-Funds.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition; Trade,mixed,0.80,0.590000,0.370000,0.040000,0.000000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000
us-money-market-funds__question-b,us__money-market-funds,Money Market Funds,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/money-market-funds/,US,2012-08-14,"Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,Taxpayers would be better protected if each money market fund in the U.S. were instead required to trade at its floating net asset value.,,39,23,8,10,5,0,0,10,6,0.782609,0.000000,0.217391,0.782609,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-08-14-US-EEP-Money-Market-Funds.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition; Trade,mixed,0.80,0.480000,0.370000,0.150000,0.000000,0.000000,0.850000,0.000000,0.850000,0.000000
us-money-market-funds__question-c,us__money-market-funds,Money Market Funds,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/money-market-funds/,US,2012-08-14,"Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,"In the absence of floating net asset values, taxpayers would be better protected if each money market fund in the U.S. were required to set aside capital to protect against losses while holding back a portion of shareholders' cash for a time when they seek to withdraw all of their money.",,39,23,5,13,4,1,0,10,6,0.782609,0.043478,0.173913,0.739130,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.043478,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-08-14-US-EEP-Money-Market-Funds.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition; Trade,mixed,0.80,0.290000,0.550000,0.140000,0.020000,0.000000,0.840000,0.020000,0.820000,0.020000
europe-fiscal-and-monetary-policy__question-a,europe__fiscal-and-monetary-policy,Fiscal and Monetary Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fiscal-and-monetary-policy/,Europe,2021-07-27,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,The current combination of US fiscal and monetary policy poses a serious risk of prolonged higher inflation.,,48,31,1,9,11,9,1,3,14,0.322581,0.322581,0.354839,0.000000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.322581,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-07-27-Euro-EEP-Fiscal-and-Monetary-Policy.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.040000,0.310000,0.290000,0.310000,0.050000,0.350000,0.360000,-0.010000,0.350000
europe-fiscal-and-monetary-policy__question-b,europe__fiscal-and-monetary-policy,Fiscal and Monetary Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fiscal-and-monetary-policy/,Europe,2021-07-27,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,Current EU and national fiscal policy plans are likely to leave European output below potential a year from now.,,48,31,2,10,14,4,1,3,14,0.387097,0.161290,0.451613,0.225806,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.161290,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-07-27-Euro-EEP-Fiscal-and-Monetary-Policy.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.080000,0.360000,0.410000,0.110000,0.040000,0.440000,0.150000,0.290000,0.150000
us-competition__question-a,us__competition,Competition,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/competition/,US,2021-07-20,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Industry consolidation and weaker competition in the United States meaningfully constrain innovation and wage growth.,,43,42,2,22,15,3,0,0,1,0.571429,0.071429,0.357143,0.500000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.071429,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-07-20-US-EEP-Competition.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Labor markets; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.070000,0.530000,0.320000,0.080000,0.000000,0.600000,0.080000,0.520000,0.080000
us-competition__question-b,us__competition,Competition,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/competition/,US,2021-07-20,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"Americans pay too much for broadband, cable television, and telecommunications services, in part because of a lack of adequate competition.",,43,41,8,29,3,1,0,1,1,0.902439,0.024390,0.073171,0.878049,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-07-20-US-EEP-Competition.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Labor markets; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.250000,0.660000,0.070000,0.020000,0.000000,0.910000,0.020000,0.890000,0.020000
us-modern-monetary-theory__question-a,us__modern-monetary-theory,Modern Monetary Theory,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/modern-monetary-theory/,US,2019-03-13,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,Countries that borrow in their own currency should not worry about government deficits because they can always create money to finance their debt.,"‘Modern monetary theory’ (MMT) – the idea that a country that is able to borrow in its own currency need not worry about government deficits and debt – has been all over the economics and finance media in recent weeks. This approach to macroeconomics, which has been used to underpin calls for new public spending programs, has been debated widely in newspaper columns, blog posts and tweets – often in quite vitriolic ways. Read More...",42,37,0,0,0,15,22,1,4,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,-1.000000,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-03-13-US-EEP-Modern-Monetary-Theory.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.280000,0.720000,0.000000,1.000000,-1.000000,0.000000
us-modern-monetary-theory__question-b,us__modern-monetary-theory,Modern Monetary Theory,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/modern-monetary-theory/,US,2019-03-13,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,Countries that borrow in their own currency can finance as much real government spending as they want by creating money.,"‘Modern monetary theory’ (MMT) – the idea that a country that is able to borrow in its own currency need not worry about government deficits and debt – has been all over the economics and finance media in recent weeks. This approach to macroeconomics, which has been used to underpin calls for new public spending programs, has been debated widely in newspaper columns, blog posts and tweets – often in quite vitriolic ways. Read More...",42,35,0,0,0,11,24,3,4,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,-1.000000,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-03-13-US-EEP-Modern-Monetary-Theory.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.240000,0.760000,0.000000,1.000000,-1.000000,0.000000
us-competition-in-labor-markets__question-a,us__competition-in-labor-markets,Competition in Labor Markets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/competition-in-labor-markets/,US,2021-08-03,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,The use of non-compete clauses in US employment contracts reduces workers' mobility and wages by more than is justified by the protection of employers' intellectual property and trade secrets.,,43,40,8,26,5,1,0,0,3,0.850000,0.025000,0.125000,0.825000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/2021-08-03-US-EEP-Competition-in-Labor-Markets.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Antitrust/competition; Trade,mixed,0.80,0.270000,0.590000,0.110000,0.030000,0.000000,0.860000,0.030000,0.830000,0.030000
us-competition-in-labor-markets__question-b,us__competition-in-labor-markets,Competition in Labor Markets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/competition-in-labor-markets/,US,2021-08-03,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,Occupational licensing reduces mobility and wages for workers in many sectors where they could safely deliver services that consumers would prefer to those offered by licensed workers.,,43,40,14,19,6,1,0,0,3,0.825000,0.025000,0.150000,0.800000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/2021-08-03-US-EEP-Competition-in-Labor-Markets.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Antitrust/competition; Trade,mixed,0.80,0.450000,0.390000,0.140000,0.020000,0.000000,0.840000,0.020000,0.820000,0.020000
us-vaccine-mandate__question-a,us__vaccine-mandate,Vaccine Mandate,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/vaccine-mandate/,US,2021-09-21,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Healthcare & Wellbeing",Question A,Mandating staff vaccinations and/or regular testing at big employers would promote a faster and stronger economic recovery.,"Following the Biden administration’s announcement of its intention to require that anyone at a firm with more than 100 employees or in the federal workforce be vaccinated or tested regularly, we invited our US panel to express their views on the likely economic impact of the vaccine mandate. We asked the experts whether they agree or disagree with the following statement, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Mandating staff vaccinations and/or regular testing at big employers would promote a faster and stronger economic recovery. Of our 43 US experts, 42 participated in this survey and they are unanimous in agreeing with the statement. Weighted by each expert’s confidence in their response, 74% of the panel strongly agree, 26% agree, and 0% are uncertain or disagree. Read More...",43,42,28,14,0,0,0,0,1,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2021-09-21-US-EEP-Vaccine-Mandate.csv,mixed,,Healthcare,source,0.90,0.740000,0.260000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
europe-climate-reporting-mandate__question-a,europe__climate-reporting-mandate,Climate Reporting Mandate,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/climate-reporting-mandate/,Europe,2021-09-22,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question A,A mandate for public companies to provide climate-related disclosures (such as their greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint) would provide financially material information that enables investors to make better decisions.,,48,38,5,26,6,1,0,1,9,0.815789,0.026316,0.157895,0.789474,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2021-09-22-Euro-EEP-Climate-Reporting-Mandates.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.160000,0.680000,0.140000,0.020000,0.000000,0.840000,0.020000,0.820000,0.020000
europe-climate-reporting-mandate__question-b,europe__climate-reporting-mandate,Climate Reporting Mandate,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/climate-reporting-mandate/,Europe,2021-09-22,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question B,A mandate for public companies to provide climate-related disclosures would induce them to reduce their climate impact significantly.,,48,38,0,21,15,2,0,1,9,0.552632,0.052632,0.394737,0.500000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.052632,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2021-09-22-Euro-EEP-Climate-Reporting-Mandates.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.590000,0.360000,0.050000,0.000000,0.590000,0.050000,0.540000,0.050000
us-climate-reporting-mandate-2__question-a,us__climate-reporting-mandate-2,Climate Reporting Mandate,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/climate-reporting-mandate-2/,US,2021-10-05,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question A,A mandate for public companies to provide climate-related disclosures (such as their greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint) would provide financially material information that enables investors to make better decisions.,,43,38,9,23,5,1,0,0,5,0.842105,0.026316,0.131579,0.815789,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021-10-05-US-EEP-Climate-Reporting-Mandate.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.310000,0.610000,0.070000,0.020000,0.000000,0.920000,0.020000,0.900000,0.020000
us-climate-reporting-mandate-2__question-b,us__climate-reporting-mandate-2,Climate Reporting Mandate,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/climate-reporting-mandate-2/,US,2021-10-05,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question B,A mandate for public companies to provide climate-related disclosures would induce them to reduce their climate impact significantly.,,43,38,2,17,18,0,1,0,5,0.500000,0.026316,0.473684,0.473684,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021-10-05-US-EEP-Climate-Reporting-Mandate.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.100000,0.450000,0.410000,0.000000,0.040000,0.550000,0.040000,0.510000,0.040000
us-natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond-2__question-a,us__natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond-2,Natural Experiments in Labor Economics and Beyond,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond-2/,US,2021-10-21,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,The introduction of natural experiments to economic analysis of the labor market and related areas has led to a more precise understanding of cause and effect.,"The 2021 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was recently awarded to David Card of the University of California, Berkeley, ‘for his empirical contributions to labour economics’, and to Joshua Angrist of MIT and Guido Imbens of Stanford University ‘for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships’. As has become an annual tradition at the IGM, we invited our panels to express their views on the work of the new laureates. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,41,28,12,0,1,0,0,2,0.975610,0.024390,0.000000,0.951220,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021-10-21-US-EEP-Natural-Experiments-in-Labor-Economics-and-Beyond.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Immigration; Education; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.720000,0.240000,0.000000,0.030000,0.000000,0.960000,0.030000,0.930000,0.030000
us-natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond-2__question-b,us__natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond-2,Natural Experiments in Labor Economics and Beyond,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond-2/,US,2021-10-21,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,"The ‘credibility revolution’ in empirical economics has improved our understanding of a number of public policy issues, including education, immigration and the minimum wage.","The 2021 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was recently awarded to David Card of the University of California, Berkeley, ‘for his empirical contributions to labour economics’, and to Joshua Angrist of MIT and Guido Imbens of Stanford University ‘for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships’. As has become an annual tradition at the IGM, we invited our panels to express their views on the work of the new laureates. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,41,21,15,5,0,0,0,2,0.878049,0.000000,0.121951,0.878049,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021-10-21-US-EEP-Natural-Experiments-in-Labor-Economics-and-Beyond.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Immigration; Education; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.600000,0.320000,0.070000,0.000000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000
us-natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond-2__question-c,us__natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond-2,Natural Experiments in Labor Economics and Beyond,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond-2/,US,2021-10-21,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question C,"In pursuit of credible research designs, researchers often seek good answers instead of good questions.","The 2021 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was recently awarded to David Card of the University of California, Berkeley, ‘for his empirical contributions to labour economics’, and to Joshua Angrist of MIT and Guido Imbens of Stanford University ‘for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships’. As has become an annual tradition at the IGM, we invited our panels to express their views on the work of the new laureates. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,38,1,21,12,3,1,3,2,0.578947,0.105263,0.315789,0.473684,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.105263,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021-10-21-US-EEP-Natural-Experiments-in-Labor-Economics-and-Beyond.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Immigration; Education; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.630000,0.230000,0.070000,0.040000,0.670000,0.110000,0.560000,0.110000
europe-natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond__question-a,europe__natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond,Natural Experiments in Labor Economics and Beyond,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond/,Europe,2021-10-21,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,The introduction of natural experiments to economic analysis of the labor market and related areas has led to a more precise understanding of cause and effect.,"The 2021 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was recently awarded to David Card of the University of California, Berkeley, ‘for his empirical contributions to labour economics’, and to Joshua Angrist of MIT and Guido Imbens of Stanford University ‘for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships’. As has become an annual tradition at the IGM, we invited our panels to express their views on the work of the new laureates. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,38,23,14,1,0,0,1,9,0.973684,0.000000,0.026316,0.973684,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021-10-21-Euro-EEP-Natural-Experiments-in-Labor-Economics-and-Beyond.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Immigration; Education; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.660000,0.310000,0.030000,0.000000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000
europe-natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond__question-b,europe__natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond,Natural Experiments in Labor Economics and Beyond,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond/,Europe,2021-10-21,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,"The ‘credibility revolution’ in empirical economics has improved our understanding of a number of public policy issues, including education, immigration and the minimum wage.","The 2021 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was recently awarded to David Card of the University of California, Berkeley, ‘for his empirical contributions to labour economics’, and to Joshua Angrist of MIT and Guido Imbens of Stanford University ‘for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships’. As has become an annual tradition at the IGM, we invited our panels to express their views on the work of the new laureates. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,39,17,22,0,0,0,0,9,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021-10-21-Euro-EEP-Natural-Experiments-in-Labor-Economics-and-Beyond.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Immigration; Education; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.480000,0.520000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
europe-natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond__question-c,europe__natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond,Natural Experiments in Labor Economics and Beyond,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/natural-experiments-in-labor-economics-and-beyond/,Europe,2021-10-21,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question C,"In pursuit of credible research designs, researchers often seek good answers instead of good questions.","The 2021 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was recently awarded to David Card of the University of California, Berkeley, ‘for his empirical contributions to labour economics’, and to Joshua Angrist of MIT and Guido Imbens of Stanford University ‘for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships’. As has become an annual tradition at the IGM, we invited our panels to express their views on the work of the new laureates. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,38,6,13,15,4,0,1,9,0.500000,0.105263,0.394737,0.394737,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.105263,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021-10-21-Euro-EEP-Natural-Experiments-in-Labor-Economics-and-Beyond.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Immigration; Education; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.170000,0.360000,0.370000,0.100000,0.000000,0.530000,0.100000,0.430000,0.100000
europe-international-climate-policy__question-a,europe__international-climate-policy,International Climate Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/international-climate-policy/,Europe,2021-11-02,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Voluntary national targets are unlikely to be an effective mechanism for achieving sharp reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.,,48,38,7,22,5,4,0,0,10,0.763158,0.105263,0.131579,0.657895,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.105263,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2021-11-02-Euro-EEP-International-Climate-Policy.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Fiscal policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.250000,0.560000,0.090000,0.110000,0.000000,0.810000,0.110000,0.700000,0.110000
europe-international-climate-policy__question-b,europe__international-climate-policy,International Climate Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/international-climate-policy/,Europe,2021-11-02,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Agreement on a significant global price floor for all carbon emissions would be an effective step towards achieving sharp reductions in emissions.,,48,38,13,23,2,0,0,0,10,0.947368,0.000000,0.052632,0.947368,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2021-11-02-Euro-EEP-International-Climate-Policy.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Fiscal policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.410000,0.550000,0.040000,0.000000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000
europe-international-climate-policy__question-c,europe__international-climate-policy,International Climate Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/international-climate-policy/,Europe,2021-11-02,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,Green innovation in the private sector would be strongly stimulated by a substantial increase in public spending on R&D for climate change mitigation and adaptation.,,48,38,7,17,13,0,1,0,10,0.631579,0.026316,0.342105,0.605263,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2021-11-02-Euro-EEP-International-Climate-Policy.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Fiscal policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.250000,0.450000,0.260000,0.000000,0.040000,0.700000,0.040000,0.660000,0.040000
us-climate-targets__question-a,us__climate-targets,Climate Targets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/climate-targets/,US,2021-11-02,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question A,Efforts to achieve the goal of reaching net-zero emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050 will be a major drag on global economic growth.,,43,38,1,4,18,14,1,0,5,0.131579,0.394737,0.473684,-0.263158,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.131579,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2021-11-02-US-EEP-Climate-Targets.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.110000,0.450000,0.360000,0.040000,0.150000,0.400000,-0.250000,0.150000
us-climate-targets__question-b,us__climate-targets,Climate Targets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/climate-targets/,US,2021-11-02,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question B,Voluntary national targets are unlikely to be an effective mechanism for achieving sharp reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.,,43,38,7,17,8,5,1,0,5,0.631579,0.157895,0.210526,0.473684,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.157895,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2021-11-02-US-EEP-Climate-Targets.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.250000,0.410000,0.170000,0.130000,0.030000,0.660000,0.160000,0.500000,0.160000
us-climate-targets__question-c,us__climate-targets,Climate Targets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/climate-targets/,US,2021-11-02,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question C,Agreement on a significant global price floor for all carbon emissions would be an effective step towards achieving sharp reductions in emissions.,,43,38,14,18,4,0,2,0,5,0.842105,0.052632,0.105263,0.789474,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.052632,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2021-11-02-US-EEP-Climate-Targets.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.440000,0.410000,0.070000,0.000000,0.080000,0.850000,0.080000,0.770000,0.080000
us-inflation__question-a,us__inflation,Inflation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation/,US,2021-11-23,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,The supply bottlenecks that are currently contributing to rising prices can be reasonably expected to abate without causing inflation over the longer term to be above the Fed’s target.,"With consumer prices rising at the fastest pace for three decades, we invited our US panel to express their views on the risks of prolonged higher inflation as a result of the current stance of fiscal and monetary policy, as well as the likely impact of an easing of supply bottlenecks. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: (a) The supply bottlenecks that are currently contributing to rising prices can be reasonably expected to abate without causing inflation over the longer term to be above the Fed’s target. (b) The current combination of US fiscal and monetary policy poses a serious risk of prolonged higher inflation. Read More...",43,40,0,21,14,5,0,1,2,0.525000,0.125000,0.350000,0.400000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.125000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2021-11-23-US-EEP-Inflation.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.550000,0.340000,0.110000,0.000000,0.550000,0.110000,0.440000,0.110000
us-inflation__question-b,us__inflation,Inflation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation/,US,2021-11-23,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,The current combination of US fiscal and monetary policy poses a serious risk of prolonged higher inflation.,"With consumer prices rising at the fastest pace for three decades, we invited our US panel to express their views on the risks of prolonged higher inflation as a result of the current stance of fiscal and monetary policy, as well as the likely impact of an easing of supply bottlenecks. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: (a) The supply bottlenecks that are currently contributing to rising prices can be reasonably expected to abate without causing inflation over the longer term to be above the Fed’s target. (b) The current combination of US fiscal and monetary policy poses a serious risk of prolonged higher inflation. Read More...",43,40,2,18,15,4,1,1,2,0.500000,0.125000,0.375000,0.375000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.125000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2021-11-23-US-EEP-Inflation.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.050000,0.480000,0.350000,0.080000,0.050000,0.530000,0.130000,0.400000,0.130000
us-omicron-2__question-a,us__omicron-2,Omicron,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/omicron-2/,US,2021-12-08,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Healthcare & Wellbeing",Question A,"Even without renewed Covid-19 restrictions, uncertainty about the health threat from the Omicron variant is likely to deliver a significant hit to economic activity from now through the first half of 2022.","With the emergence of a new strain of the virus that causes Covid-19 re-opening debates about the economic impact of the pandemic, the success of efforts to achieve global distribution of vaccines and the value of travel bans, we invited our panels to express their views on these issues. Read More...",43,41,2,14,24,1,0,1,1,0.390244,0.024390,0.585366,0.365854,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/2021-12-07-US-EEP-Omicron.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Healthcare; COVID/pandemic policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.060000,0.370000,0.540000,0.030000,0.000000,0.430000,0.030000,0.400000,0.030000
us-omicron-2__question-b,us__omicron-2,Omicron,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/omicron-2/,US,2021-12-08,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Healthcare & Wellbeing",Question B,"If world vaccine supply continues to be limited, global social welfare would rise by more if those vaccines were made widely available across Africa (with support for effective delivery) rather than accelerating booster vaccinations in rich countries.","With the emergence of a new strain of the virus that causes Covid-19 re-opening debates about the economic impact of the pandemic, the success of efforts to achieve global distribution of vaccines and the value of travel bans, we invited our panels to express their views on these issues. Read More...",43,42,6,22,12,2,0,0,1,0.666667,0.047619,0.285714,0.619048,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.047619,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/2021-12-07-US-EEP-Omicron.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Healthcare; COVID/pandemic policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.250000,0.490000,0.220000,0.040000,0.000000,0.740000,0.040000,0.700000,0.040000
us-omicron-2__question-c,us__omicron-2,Omicron,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/omicron-2/,US,2021-12-08,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Healthcare & Wellbeing",Question C,Imposing travel bans on countries where new Covid-19 variants are discovered will make it less likely that countries will reveal new variants to the rest of the world.,"With the emergence of a new strain of the virus that causes Covid-19 re-opening debates about the economic impact of the pandemic, the success of efforts to achieve global distribution of vaccines and the value of travel bans, we invited our panels to express their views on these issues. Read More...",43,41,6,21,10,4,0,1,1,0.658537,0.097561,0.243902,0.560976,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.097561,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/2021-12-07-US-EEP-Omicron.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Healthcare; COVID/pandemic policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.210000,0.550000,0.180000,0.060000,0.000000,0.760000,0.060000,0.700000,0.060000
europe-omicron__question-a,europe__omicron,Omicron,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/omicron/,Europe,2021-12-08,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Healthcare & Wellbeing",Question A,"Even without renewed Covid-19 restrictions, uncertainty about the health threat from the Omicron variant is likely to deliver a significant hit to economic activity from now through the first half of 2022.","With the emergence of a new strain of the virus that causes Covid-19 re-opening debates about the economic impact of the pandemic, the success of efforts to achieve global distribution of vaccines and the value of travel bans, we invited our panels to express their views on these issues. Read More...",48,34,0,15,17,2,0,0,14,0.441176,0.058824,0.500000,0.382353,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.058824,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/2021-12-07-EuroEEP-Omicron.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Healthcare; COVID/pandemic policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.520000,0.430000,0.050000,0.000000,0.520000,0.050000,0.470000,0.050000
europe-omicron__question-b,europe__omicron,Omicron,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/omicron/,Europe,2021-12-08,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Healthcare & Wellbeing",Question B,"If world vaccine supply continues to be limited, global social welfare would rise by more if those vaccines were made widely available across Africa (with support for effective delivery) rather than accelerating booster vaccinations in rich countries.","With the emergence of a new strain of the virus that causes Covid-19 re-opening debates about the economic impact of the pandemic, the success of efforts to achieve global distribution of vaccines and the value of travel bans, we invited our panels to express their views on these issues. Read More...",48,33,3,22,7,1,0,1,14,0.757576,0.030303,0.212121,0.727273,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.030303,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/2021-12-07-EuroEEP-Omicron.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Healthcare; COVID/pandemic policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.070000,0.670000,0.230000,0.030000,0.000000,0.740000,0.030000,0.710000,0.030000
europe-omicron__question-c,europe__omicron,Omicron,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/omicron/,Europe,2021-12-08,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Healthcare & Wellbeing",Question C,Imposing travel bans on countries where new Covid-19 variants are discovered will make it less likely that countries will reveal new variants to the rest of the world.,"With the emergence of a new strain of the virus that causes Covid-19 re-opening debates about the economic impact of the pandemic, the success of efforts to achieve global distribution of vaccines and the value of travel bans, we invited our panels to express their views on these issues. Read More...",48,34,4,12,14,4,0,0,14,0.470588,0.117647,0.411765,0.352941,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.117647,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/2021-12-07-EuroEEP-Omicron.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Healthcare; COVID/pandemic policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.210000,0.270000,0.390000,0.130000,0.000000,0.480000,0.130000,0.350000,0.130000
europe-city-of-london__question-a,europe__city-of-london,City of London,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/city-of-london/,Europe,2017-02-07,"Financial Markets & Banking; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question A,"All else equal, there are substantial advantages to having much of Europe’s human capital and infrastructure for international financial activity clustered in a single city, as they are at present in London.",,50,42,5,23,6,7,1,2,6,0.666667,0.190476,0.142857,0.476190,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.190476,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-02-07-Euro-EEP-City-of-London.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.150000,0.560000,0.130000,0.130000,0.030000,0.710000,0.160000,0.550000,0.160000
europe-city-of-london__question-b,europe__city-of-london,City of London,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/city-of-london/,Europe,2017-02-07,"Financial Markets & Banking; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question B,"All else equal, Britain’s rules on hiring, firing and working hours are significantly more conducive to financial activity than those in other large European countries.",,50,41,5,22,7,6,1,3,6,0.658537,0.170732,0.170732,0.487805,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.170732,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-02-07-Euro-EEP-City-of-London.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.120000,0.540000,0.170000,0.140000,0.030000,0.660000,0.170000,0.490000,0.170000
us-congestion-pricing__question-a,us__congestion-pricing,Congestion Pricing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/congestion-pricing/,US,2012-01-11,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Transport",Question A,"In general, using more congestion charges in crowded transportation networks — such as higher tolls during peak travel times in cities, and peak fees for airplane takeoff and landing slots — and using the proceeds to lower other taxes would make citizens on average better off.",,41,39,26,12,1,0,0,0,2,0.974359,0.000000,0.025641,0.974359,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-01-11-US-EEP-Congestion-Pricing.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.720000,0.260000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
europe-congestion-pricing-2__question-a,europe__congestion-pricing-2,Congestion Pricing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/congestion-pricing-2/,Europe,2016-12-07,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Transport",Question A,"In general, using more congestion charges in crowded transportation networks — such as higher tolls during peak travel times in cities, and peak fees for airplane takeoff and landing slots — and using the proceeds to lower other taxes would make citizens on average better off.",,50,44,26,16,2,0,0,1,5,0.954545,0.000000,0.045455,0.954545,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016-12-07-Euro-EEP-Congestion-Pricing.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.670000,0.300000,0.040000,0.000000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000
europe-european-chips-act__question-a,europe__european-chips-act,European Chips Act,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-chips-act/,Europe,2022-01-21,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"Given the centrality of semiconductors to the manufacturing of many products, securing reliable supplies should be a key strategic objective of EU and national policy.",,48,37,5,19,8,5,0,2,9,0.648649,0.135135,0.216216,0.513514,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.135135,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-21-Euro-EEP-European-Chips-Act.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.190000,0.470000,0.180000,0.160000,0.000000,0.660000,0.160000,0.500000,0.160000
europe-european-chips-act__question-b,europe__european-chips-act,European Chips Act,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-chips-act/,Europe,2022-01-21,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Europe’s small role in global semiconductor production is a direct result of insufficient private investment in high-tech innovation.,,48,36,1,13,15,6,1,3,9,0.388889,0.194444,0.416667,0.194444,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.194444,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-21-Euro-EEP-European-Chips-Act.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.030000,0.420000,0.380000,0.140000,0.020000,0.450000,0.160000,0.290000,0.160000
europe-european-chips-act__question-c,europe__european-chips-act,European Chips Act,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-chips-act/,Europe,2022-01-21,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,"Public support at EU and national level for investment along the value chain for semiconductors, including production, would be the most effective way to ensure security of supply.",,48,35,1,8,20,6,0,4,9,0.257143,0.171429,0.571429,0.085714,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.171429,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-21-Euro-EEP-European-Chips-Act.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.060000,0.240000,0.560000,0.150000,0.000000,0.300000,0.150000,0.150000,0.150000
europe-working-from-home__question-a,europe__working-from-home,Working From Home,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/working-from-home/,Europe,2022-01-28,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Healthcare & Wellbeing; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,"Employees who spend two of their days each week working from home are, on average, likely to be more productive over the longer term.","The pandemic has led to a big shift to working from home among people in occupations where it is possible for the jobs or some part of them to be done remotely. There has been much debate about the extent to which such forms of working (or a hybrid model, with some hours done at home and some on business premises) will continue over the longer term. Key questions include the potential impact on employees’ productivity and their job satisfaction, and whether the career trajectories of women and men may be affected differently by a substantial increase in working from home. Read More...",48,39,2,15,17,5,0,2,7,0.435897,0.128205,0.435897,0.307692,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.128205,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-28-Euro-EEP-Working-from-Home.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Healthcare; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.090000,0.340000,0.440000,0.130000,0.000000,0.430000,0.130000,0.300000,0.130000
europe-working-from-home__question-b,europe__working-from-home,Working From Home,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/working-from-home/,Europe,2022-01-28,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Healthcare & Wellbeing; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,"Employees who spend two of their days each week working from home are, on average, likely to report higher levels of job satisfaction over the longer term.","The pandemic has led to a big shift to working from home among people in occupations where it is possible for the jobs or some part of them to be done remotely. There has been much debate about the extent to which such forms of working (or a hybrid model, with some hours done at home and some on business premises) will continue over the longer term. Key questions include the potential impact on employees’ productivity and their job satisfaction, and whether the career trajectories of women and men may be affected differently by a substantial increase in working from home. Read More...",48,39,3,24,12,0,0,2,7,0.692308,0.000000,0.307692,0.692308,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-28-Euro-EEP-Working-from-Home.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Healthcare; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.130000,0.620000,0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.750000,0.000000,0.750000,0.000000
europe-working-from-home__question-c,europe__working-from-home,Working From Home,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/working-from-home/,Europe,2022-01-28,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Healthcare & Wellbeing; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question C,"Having the opportunity to work two to three days a week from home is, on average, like to be more beneficial for women’s career progression than for that of their male colleagues.","The pandemic has led to a big shift to working from home among people in occupations where it is possible for the jobs or some part of them to be done remotely. There has been much debate about the extent to which such forms of working (or a hybrid model, with some hours done at home and some on business premises) will continue over the longer term. Key questions include the potential impact on employees’ productivity and their job satisfaction, and whether the career trajectories of women and men may be affected differently by a substantial increase in working from home. Read More...",48,40,0,9,22,8,1,1,7,0.225000,0.225000,0.550000,0.000000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.225000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-28-Euro-EEP-Working-from-Home.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Healthcare; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.000000,0.210000,0.570000,0.180000,0.030000,0.210000,0.210000,0.000000,0.210000
europe-global-supply-chains-2__question-a,europe__global-supply-chains-2,Global Supply Chains,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/global-supply-chains-2/,Europe,2022-02-16,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,Firms’ incentives to reduce costs by sourcing inputs and products abroad have caused many European industries to become more vulnerable to supply chain disruptions.,,48,37,6,22,9,0,0,1,10,0.756757,0.000000,0.243243,0.756757,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2022-02-16-Euro-EEP-Global-Supply-Chains.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.180000,0.590000,0.220000,0.000000,0.000000,0.770000,0.000000,0.770000,0.000000
europe-global-supply-chains-2__question-b,europe__global-supply-chains-2,Global Supply Chains,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/global-supply-chains-2/,Europe,2022-02-16,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,Private firms have inadequate incentives to make investments to reduce the risk that disruptions in the supply of imports will cause shortages and raise domestic prices.,,48,36,1,13,14,8,0,2,10,0.388889,0.222222,0.388889,0.166667,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.222222,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2022-02-16-Euro-EEP-Global-Supply-Chains.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.030000,0.350000,0.390000,0.220000,0.000000,0.380000,0.220000,0.160000,0.220000
europe-global-supply-chains-2__question-c,europe__global-supply-chains-2,Global Supply Chains,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/global-supply-chains-2/,Europe,2022-02-16,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question C,Prioritisation of efficiency over resilience in global supply chains makes current disruptions likely to continue beyond 2022.,,48,36,1,12,17,6,0,2,10,0.361111,0.166667,0.472222,0.194444,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.166667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2022-02-16-Euro-EEP-Global-Supply-Chains.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.050000,0.330000,0.410000,0.210000,0.000000,0.380000,0.210000,0.170000,0.210000
us-child-tax-credit__question-a,us__child-tax-credit,Child Tax Credit,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/child-tax-credit/,US,2022-02-08,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Social Policy & Society",Question A,A permanent version of the 2021 expansion of the child tax credit would reduce child poverty substantially.,"The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 temporarily increased the value of the child tax credit from $2,000 to $3,000 for children aged 6-16 and to $3,600 for younger children. To date, the Biden administration has been unable to renew the expansion of the child tax credit, amid broad public debate about its effects on child poverty and parental labor supply, as well as its potential longer-term fiscal benefits. Read More...",43,36,11,20,3,2,0,0,7,0.861111,0.055556,0.083333,0.805556,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.055556,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2022-02-08-US-EEP-Child-Tax-Credit.csv,mixed,,Inequality/redistribution; Political economy; Taxation; Labor markets; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.430000,0.510000,0.030000,0.030000,0.000000,0.940000,0.030000,0.910000,0.030000
us-child-tax-credit__question-b,us__child-tax-credit,Child Tax Credit,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/child-tax-credit/,US,2022-02-08,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Social Policy & Society",Question B,The costs of increasing resources for low-income families via the expanded child tax credit would be substantially offset over the longer term by the fiscal benefits of improving life outcomes for children no longer growing up in poverty.,"The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 temporarily increased the value of the child tax credit from $2,000 to $3,000 for children aged 6-16 and to $3,600 for younger children. To date, the Biden administration has been unable to renew the expansion of the child tax credit, amid broad public debate about its effects on child poverty and parental labor supply, as well as its potential longer-term fiscal benefits. Read More...",43,36,4,21,10,1,0,0,7,0.694444,0.027778,0.277778,0.666667,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.027778,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2022-02-08-US-EEP-Child-Tax-Credit.csv,mixed,,Inequality/redistribution; Political economy; Taxation; Labor markets; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.200000,0.590000,0.200000,0.020000,0.000000,0.790000,0.020000,0.770000,0.020000
us-child-tax-credit__question-c,us__child-tax-credit,Child Tax Credit,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/child-tax-credit/,US,2022-02-08,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Social Policy & Society",Question C,Parental labor supply would be unlikely to fall significantly following reintroduction of the expanded child tax credit.,"The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 temporarily increased the value of the child tax credit from $2,000 to $3,000 for children aged 6-16 and to $3,600 for younger children. To date, the Biden administration has been unable to renew the expansion of the child tax credit, amid broad public debate about its effects on child poverty and parental labor supply, as well as its potential longer-term fiscal benefits. Read More...",43,36,1,22,11,1,1,0,7,0.638889,0.055556,0.305556,0.583333,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.055556,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2022-02-08-US-EEP-Child-Tax-Credit.csv,mixed,,Inequality/redistribution; Political economy; Taxation; Labor markets; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.030000,0.650000,0.250000,0.030000,0.030000,0.680000,0.060000,0.620000,0.060000
us-inflation-market-power-and-price-controls__question-a,us__inflation-market-power-and-price-controls,"Inflation, Market Power, and Price Controls",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation-market-power-and-price-controls/,US,2022-01-11,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,A significant factor behind today’s higher US inflation is dominant corporations in uncompetitive markets taking advantage of their market power to raise prices in order to increase their profit margins.,"With sharply rising US inflation prompting debate about the potential role of powerful firms in driving up prices and whether antitrust interventions and/or price controls may be an effective policy response, we invited our US panel to express their views. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,40,1,2,8,22,7,1,2,0.075000,0.725000,0.200000,-0.650000,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.075000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-11-US-EEP-Inflation-Market-Power-and-Price-Controls.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.030000,0.070000,0.120000,0.520000,0.270000,0.100000,0.790000,-0.690000,0.100000
us-inflation-market-power-and-price-controls__question-b,us__inflation-market-power-and-price-controls,"Inflation, Market Power, and Price Controls",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation-market-power-and-price-controls/,US,2022-01-11,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,Antitrust interventions could successfully reduce US inflation over the next 12 months.,"With sharply rising US inflation prompting debate about the potential role of powerful firms in driving up prices and whether antitrust interventions and/or price controls may be an effective policy response, we invited our US panel to express their views. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,41,0,2,7,17,15,0,2,0.048780,0.780488,0.170732,-0.731707,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.048780,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-11-US-EEP-Inflation-Market-Power-and-Price-Controls.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.040000,0.120000,0.380000,0.460000,0.040000,0.840000,-0.800000,0.040000
us-inflation-market-power-and-price-controls__question-c,us__inflation-market-power-and-price-controls,"Inflation, Market Power, and Price Controls",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation-market-power-and-price-controls/,US,2022-01-11,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,Price controls as deployed in the 1970s could successfully reduce US inflation over the next 12 months.,"With sharply rising US inflation prompting debate about the potential role of powerful firms in driving up prices and whether antitrust interventions and/or price controls may be an effective policy response, we invited our US panel to express their views. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,40,0,10,5,21,4,1,2,0.250000,0.625000,0.125000,-0.375000,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.250000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-11-US-EEP-Inflation-Market-Power-and-Price-Controls.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.240000,0.110000,0.490000,0.160000,0.240000,0.650000,-0.410000,0.240000
europe-crypto-assets-2__question-a,europe__crypto-assets-2,Crypto Assets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/crypto-assets-2/,Europe,2022-03-03,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,"High volatility in the prices of crypto assets such as Bitcoin, Dogecoin, and Ethereum largely reflects movements in investor sentiment rather than news about potential sources of fundamental value (such as possible applications, or use in illicit transactions).",,48,29,14,12,2,1,0,2,17,0.896552,0.034483,0.068966,0.862069,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.034483,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2022-03-03-Euro-EEP-Crypto-Assets.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.560000,0.370000,0.050000,0.020000,0.000000,0.930000,0.020000,0.910000,0.020000
europe-crypto-assets-2__question-b,europe__crypto-assets-2,Crypto Assets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/crypto-assets-2/,Europe,2022-03-03,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,"Given existing regulation of the financial system, as crypto assets grow in value and become more connected to the rest of the system, the fluctuations in their valuations will pose a serious risk to financial stability in advanced economies.",,48,28,3,10,9,5,1,3,17,0.464286,0.214286,0.321429,0.250000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.214286,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2022-03-03-Euro-EEP-Crypto-Assets.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.150000,0.320000,0.290000,0.200000,0.040000,0.470000,0.240000,0.230000,0.240000
europe-crypto-assets-2__question-c,europe__crypto-assets-2,Crypto Assets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/crypto-assets-2/,Europe,2022-03-03,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question C,Private unbacked crypto assets serve no important economic purpose.,,48,27,7,9,5,6,0,4,17,0.592593,0.222222,0.185185,0.370370,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.222222,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2022-03-03-Euro-EEP-Crypto-Assets.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.340000,0.360000,0.120000,0.180000,0.000000,0.700000,0.180000,0.520000,0.180000
us-ukraine-2__question-a,us__ukraine-2,Ukraine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ukraine-2/,US,2022-03-08,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question A,The fallout from the Russian invasion of Ukraine will be stagflationary in that it will noticeably reduce global growth and raise global inflation over the next year.,"What are the likely economic consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the responses by the international community? We invited our US and European experts to express their views on the potential fallout for the Russian economy, the European economy, the US dollar’s role as an international currency, and global growth and inflation. We asked both panels whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,38,4,26,8,0,0,2,3,0.789474,0.000000,0.210526,0.789474,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-03-08-US-EEP-Ukraine.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy; Growth/productivity; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.160000,0.650000,0.190000,0.000000,0.000000,0.810000,0.000000,0.810000,0.000000
us-ukraine-2__question-b,us__ukraine-2,Ukraine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ukraine-2/,US,2022-03-08,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question B,The economic and financial sanctions already implemented will lead to a deep recession in Russia.,"What are the likely economic consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the responses by the international community? We invited our US and European experts to express their views on the potential fallout for the Russian economy, the European economy, the US dollar’s role as an international currency, and global growth and inflation. We asked both panels whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,39,5,29,5,0,0,1,3,0.871795,0.000000,0.128205,0.871795,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-03-08-US-EEP-Ukraine.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy; Growth/productivity; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.160000,0.770000,0.080000,0.000000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000
us-ukraine-2__question-c,us__ukraine-2,Ukraine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ukraine-2/,US,2022-03-08,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question C,Targeting the Russian economy through a total ban on oil and gas imports carries a high risk of recession in European economies.,"What are the likely economic consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the responses by the international community? We invited our US and European experts to express their views on the potential fallout for the Russian economy, the European economy, the US dollar’s role as an international currency, and global growth and inflation. We asked both panels whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,39,4,16,19,0,0,1,3,0.512821,0.000000,0.487179,0.512821,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-03-08-US-EEP-Ukraine.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy; Growth/productivity; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.190000,0.420000,0.400000,0.000000,0.000000,0.610000,0.000000,0.610000,0.000000
us-ukraine-2__question-d,us__ukraine-2,Ukraine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ukraine-2/,US,2022-03-08,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question D,Weaponizing dollar finance is likely to lead to a significant shift away from the dollar as the dominant international currency.,"What are the likely economic consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the responses by the international community? We invited our US and European experts to express their views on the potential fallout for the Russian economy, the European economy, the US dollar’s role as an international currency, and global growth and inflation. We asked both panels whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,37,0,7,18,11,1,3,3,0.189189,0.324324,0.486486,-0.135135,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.189189,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-03-08-US-EEP-Ukraine.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy; Growth/productivity; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.240000,0.400000,0.320000,0.050000,0.240000,0.370000,-0.130000,0.240000
europe-ukraine__question-a,europe__ukraine,Ukraine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ukraine/,Europe,2022-03-08,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question A,The fallout from the Russian invasion of Ukraine will be stagflationary in that it will noticeably reduce global growth and raise global inflation over the next year.,"What are the likely economic consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the responses by the international community? We invited our US and European experts to express their views on the potential fallout for the Russian economy, the European economy, the US dollar’s role as an international currency, and global growth and inflation. We asked both panels whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,40,11,19,10,0,0,1,7,0.750000,0.000000,0.250000,0.750000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-03-08-Euro-EEP-Ukraine.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.340000,0.440000,0.220000,0.000000,0.000000,0.780000,0.000000,0.780000,0.000000
europe-ukraine__question-b,europe__ukraine,Ukraine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ukraine/,Europe,2022-03-08,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question B,The economic and financial sanctions already implemented will lead to a deep recession in Russia.,"What are the likely economic consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the responses by the international community? We invited our US and European experts to express their views on the potential fallout for the Russian economy, the European economy, the US dollar’s role as an international currency, and global growth and inflation. We asked both panels whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,41,15,22,4,0,0,0,7,0.902439,0.000000,0.097561,0.902439,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-03-08-Euro-EEP-Ukraine.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.450000,0.490000,0.060000,0.000000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000
europe-ukraine__question-c,europe__ukraine,Ukraine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ukraine/,Europe,2022-03-08,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question C,Targeting the Russian economy through a total ban on oil and gas imports carries a high risk of recession in European economies.,"What are the likely economic consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the responses by the international community? We invited our US and European experts to express their views on the potential fallout for the Russian economy, the European economy, the US dollar’s role as an international currency, and global growth and inflation. We asked both panels whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,40,5,24,9,2,0,1,7,0.725000,0.050000,0.225000,0.675000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.050000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-03-08-Euro-EEP-Ukraine.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.160000,0.610000,0.190000,0.030000,0.000000,0.770000,0.030000,0.740000,0.030000
europe-ukraine__question-d,europe__ukraine,Ukraine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ukraine/,Europe,2022-03-08,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question D,Weaponizing dollar finance is likely to lead to a significant shift away from the dollar as the dominant international currency.,"What are the likely economic consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the responses by the international community? We invited our US and European experts to express their views on the potential fallout for the Russian economy, the European economy, the US dollar’s role as an international currency, and global growth and inflation. We asked both panels whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,38,0,8,14,15,1,3,7,0.210526,0.421053,0.368421,-0.210526,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.210526,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-03-08-Euro-EEP-Ukraine.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.230000,0.330000,0.390000,0.040000,0.230000,0.430000,-0.200000,0.230000
us-oil-industry-taxes__question-a,us__oil-industry-taxes,Oil Industry Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/oil-industry-taxes/,US,2022-03-30,Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,A windfall tax on the profits of large oil companies – with the revenue rebated to households – would provide an efficient means to protect the average US household from rising energy costs.,,43,36,1,14,8,10,3,0,7,0.416667,0.361111,0.222222,0.055556,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.361111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-03-30-US-EEP-Oil-Industry-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.340000,0.160000,0.350000,0.120000,0.380000,0.470000,-0.090000,0.380000
us-oil-industry-taxes__question-b,us__oil-industry-taxes,Oil Industry Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/oil-industry-taxes/,US,2022-03-30,Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,Temporary suspension of state and federal gas taxes would lead to a meaningful and immediate reduction in consumer prices at the pump.,,43,36,2,21,8,4,1,0,7,0.638889,0.138889,0.222222,0.500000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.138889,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-03-30-US-EEP-Oil-Industry-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.070000,0.590000,0.180000,0.130000,0.030000,0.660000,0.160000,0.500000,0.160000
europe-economic-fallout-from-ukraine__question-a,europe__economic-fallout-from-ukraine,Economic Fallout From Ukraine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-fallout-from-ukraine/,Europe,2022-03-30,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,Rising energy prices suggest that the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve will have to increase interest rates faster than they intended to before the invasion.,,48,38,3,17,9,9,0,3,7,0.526316,0.236842,0.236842,0.289474,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.236842,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-03-30-Euro-EEP-Economic-Fallout-From-Ukraine.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Immigration; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.470000,0.200000,0.220000,0.000000,0.580000,0.220000,0.360000,0.220000
europe-economic-fallout-from-ukraine__question-b,europe__economic-fallout-from-ukraine,Economic Fallout From Ukraine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-fallout-from-ukraine/,Europe,2022-03-30,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"Increased public spending by European countries to accommodate larger defense budgets, migration inflows and accelerated investment in alternative energy sources would be better financed mostly through taxes, rather than debt.",,48,40,1,8,17,12,2,1,7,0.225000,0.350000,0.425000,-0.125000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.225000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-03-30-Euro-EEP-Economic-Fallout-From-Ukraine.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Immigration; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.190000,0.420000,0.310000,0.040000,0.230000,0.350000,-0.120000,0.230000
europe-economic-fallout-from-ukraine__question-c,europe__economic-fallout-from-ukraine,Economic Fallout From Ukraine,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-fallout-from-ukraine/,Europe,2022-03-30,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,Economic damage from the shock to global commodity markets will fall disproportionately hard on low- and middle-income countries.,,48,41,5,21,14,1,0,0,7,0.634146,0.024390,0.341463,0.609756,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-03-30-Euro-EEP-Economic-Fallout-From-Ukraine.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Immigration; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.150000,0.550000,0.270000,0.020000,0.000000,0.700000,0.020000,0.680000,0.020000
us-airline-mergers__question-a,us__airline-mergers,Airline Mergers,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/airline-mergers/,US,2013-08-28,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Transport",Question A,"If regulators had not approved mergers in the past decade between major networked airlines, travelers would be better off today.",,38,31,1,7,15,8,0,3,4,0.258065,0.258065,0.483871,0.000000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.258065,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2013-08-28-US-EEP-Airline-Mergers.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.040000,0.250000,0.440000,0.260000,0.000000,0.290000,0.260000,0.030000,0.260000
europe-ranked-choice-voting-2__question-a,europe__ranked-choice-voting-2,Ranked-Choice Voting,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ranked-choice-voting-2/,Europe,2022-04-22,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,"Rather than using second-round runoffs to settle elections in which no candidate wins a first-round majority, the overall preferences of the electorate would be better reflected by using a single round with ranked-choice voting, in which voters are instructed to rank all of the candidates.",,47,25,3,5,10,6,1,6,16,0.320000,0.280000,0.400000,0.040000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.280000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2022-04-22-Euro-EEP-Ranked-Choice-Voting.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.180000,0.170000,0.360000,0.230000,0.050000,0.350000,0.280000,0.070000,0.280000
us-energy-sanctions__question-a,us__energy-sanctions,Energy Sanctions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-sanctions/,US,2022-05-11,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,High tariffs imposed by the European Union on imports of Russian natural gas would be an effective measure to reduce the flow of revenues to Russia while limiting disruption to supplies to Europe.,"As Russia’s invasion of Ukraine continues and many call for a strengthening of sanctions , an alternative to a full energy embargo has been discussed in the form of European Union tariffs on imports of Russian gas. We invited our European and US experts to express their views on this proposal, asking both panels whether they agree or disagree with the following statement, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,41,2,25,10,4,0,0,2,0.658537,0.097561,0.243902,0.560976,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.097561,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/2022-05-11-US-EEP-Energy-Sanctions.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.060000,0.670000,0.180000,0.090000,0.000000,0.730000,0.090000,0.640000,0.090000
europe-energy-sanctions-2__question-a,europe__energy-sanctions-2,Energy Sanctions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-sanctions-2/,Europe,2022-05-11,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,High tariffs imposed by the European Union on imports of Russian natural gas would be an effective measure to reduce the flow of revenues to Russia while limiting disruption to supplies to Europe.,"As Russia’s invasion of Ukraine continues and many call for a strengthening of sanctions , an alternative to a full energy embargo has been discussed in the form of European Union tariffs on imports of Russian gas. We invited our European and US experts to express their views on this proposal, asking both panels whether they agree or disagree with the following statement, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",47,35,7,17,10,1,0,1,11,0.685714,0.028571,0.285714,0.657143,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.028571,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/2022-05-11-Euro-EEP-Energy-Sanctions.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.270000,0.480000,0.220000,0.030000,0.000000,0.750000,0.030000,0.720000,0.030000
europe-european-economic-recovery__question-a,europe__european-economic-recovery,European Economic Recovery,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-economic-recovery/,Europe,2020-07-23,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"Right now, the central focus of fiscal policy should be on temporary measures to provide protection and promote rapid economic recovery rather than trying to advance other objectives, such as reducing debt, tackling climate change or addressing inequality.",,44,38,11,18,2,7,0,0,6,0.763158,0.184211,0.052632,0.578947,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.184211,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020-07-23-Euro-EEP-European-Economic-Recovery.csv,mixed,,Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Climate/environment; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.320000,0.420000,0.050000,0.210000,0.000000,0.740000,0.210000,0.530000,0.210000
europe-european-economic-recovery__question-b,europe__european-economic-recovery,European Economic Recovery,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-economic-recovery/,Europe,2020-07-23,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,Cutting taxes on firms (or delaying tax collection) will allow more of them to survive and be more effective than public spending for triggering a rapid economic recovery.,,44,38,1,6,16,13,2,0,6,0.184211,0.394737,0.421053,-0.210526,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.184211,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020-07-23-Euro-EEP-European-Economic-Recovery.csv,mixed,,Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Climate/environment; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.150000,0.390000,0.330000,0.080000,0.190000,0.410000,-0.220000,0.190000
europe-european-economic-recovery__question-c,europe__european-economic-recovery,European Economic Recovery,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-economic-recovery/,Europe,2020-07-23,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,European recovery fund disbursements to crisis-hit countries should be primarily in the form of grants rather than loans.,,44,36,7,15,8,5,1,2,6,0.611111,0.166667,0.222222,0.444444,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.166667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020-07-23-Euro-EEP-European-Economic-Recovery.csv,mixed,,Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Climate/environment; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.270000,0.420000,0.160000,0.100000,0.040000,0.690000,0.140000,0.550000,0.140000
europe-european-economic-recovery__question-d,europe__european-economic-recovery,European Economic Recovery,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-economic-recovery/,Europe,2020-07-23,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Taxes & Public Spending",Question D,European recovery fund disbursements to crisis-hit countries should not be made on condition of commitments to reform by recipients.,,44,36,4,9,8,11,4,2,6,0.361111,0.416667,0.222222,-0.055556,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.361111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020-07-23-Euro-EEP-European-Economic-Recovery.csv,mixed,,Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Climate/environment; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.140000,0.260000,0.130000,0.320000,0.140000,0.400000,0.460000,-0.060000,0.400000
us-stablecoins__question-a,us__stablecoins,Stablecoins,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stablecoins/,US,2022-05-25,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,Stablecoins that are not fully backed by either central bank reserves or government securities with minimal price volatility are inherently vulnerable to runs.,,43,36,13,22,0,1,0,3,4,0.972222,0.027778,0.000000,0.944444,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.027778,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/2022-05-25-US-EEP-Stablecoins.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.400000,0.560000,0.000000,0.040000,0.000000,0.960000,0.040000,0.920000,0.040000
europe-stablecoins-2__question-a,europe__stablecoins-2,Stablecoins,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stablecoins-2/,Europe,2022-05-25,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,Stablecoins that are not fully backed by either central bank reserves or government securities with minimal price volatility are inherently vulnerable to runs.,,48,34,16,16,2,0,0,2,12,0.941176,0.000000,0.058824,0.941176,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/2022-05-25-Euro-EEP-Stablecoins.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.570000,0.410000,0.030000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
us-price-gouging-2__question-a,us__price-gouging-2,Price Gouging,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/price-gouging-2/,US,2022-06-07,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,It would serve the US economy well to make it unlawful for companies with revenues over $1 billion to offer goods or services for sale at an “unconscionably excessive price” during an exceptional market shock.,,43,35,0,2,5,19,9,1,7,0.057143,0.800000,0.142857,-0.742857,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.057143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/2022-06-07-US-EEP-Price-Gouging.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.030000,0.130000,0.520000,0.320000,0.030000,0.840000,-0.810000,0.030000
us-price-gouging-2__question-b,us__price-gouging-2,Price Gouging,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/price-gouging-2/,US,2022-06-07,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"It would serve the US economy well if companies making quarterly SEC filings were obliged to include a tabulation of all price changes of goods or services sold, together with the associated cost changes.",,43,35,0,4,4,15,12,1,7,0.114286,0.771429,0.114286,-0.657143,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.114286,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/2022-06-07-US-EEP-Price-Gouging.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.050000,0.100000,0.370000,0.470000,0.050000,0.840000,-0.790000,0.050000
us-inequality__question-a,us__inequality,Inequality,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality/,US,2022-04-19,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Social Policy & Society",Question A,The increasing share of income and wealth among the richest Americans is a major threat to capitalism.,"In preparing for the IGM conference on THE ROLE OF ECONOMICS AND ECONOMISTS IN PUBLIC POLICY AND PUBLIC DEBATE , which was originally scheduled for April 2020, we asked the US economic experts panel these questions in February 2020. When the conference was delayed by the pandemic, we deferred releasing the results. Now that the conference is approaching (it takes place on 28-29 April 2022), we are reporting the findings.",42,41,5,21,10,5,0,0,1,0.634146,0.121951,0.243902,0.512195,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.121951,,html,No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.,Inequality/redistribution; Political economy,source,0.90,0.170000,0.500000,0.240000,0.090000,0.000000,0.670000,0.090000,0.580000,0.090000
us-inequality__question-b,us__inequality,Inequality,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality/,US,2022-04-19,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Social Policy & Society",Question B,The increasing share of income and wealth among the richest Americans is causing significant damage to the economic opportunities of children from lower-income families.,"In preparing for the IGM conference on THE ROLE OF ECONOMICS AND ECONOMISTS IN PUBLIC POLICY AND PUBLIC DEBATE , which was originally scheduled for April 2020, we asked the US economic experts panel these questions in February 2020. When the conference was delayed by the pandemic, we deferred releasing the results. Now that the conference is approaching (it takes place on 28-29 April 2022), we are reporting the findings.",42,41,5,19,9,8,0,0,1,0.585366,0.195122,0.219512,0.390244,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.195122,,html,No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.,Inequality/redistribution; Political economy,source,0.90,0.160000,0.480000,0.130000,0.230000,0.000000,0.640000,0.230000,0.410000,0.230000
us-inequality__question-c,us__inequality,Inequality,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality/,US,2022-04-19,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Social Policy & Society",Question C,The increasing share of income and wealth among the richest Americans is giving significantly more political power to the wealthy.,"In preparing for the IGM conference on THE ROLE OF ECONOMICS AND ECONOMISTS IN PUBLIC POLICY AND PUBLIC DEBATE , which was originally scheduled for April 2020, we asked the US economic experts panel these questions in February 2020. When the conference was delayed by the pandemic, we deferred releasing the results. Now that the conference is approaching (it takes place on 28-29 April 2022), we are reporting the findings.",42,41,17,20,3,1,0,0,1,0.902439,0.024390,0.073171,0.878049,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.024390,,html,No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.,Inequality/redistribution; Political economy,source,0.90,0.480000,0.430000,0.060000,0.040000,0.000000,0.910000,0.040000,0.870000,0.040000
us-labor-unions__question-a,us__labor-unions,Labor Unions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/labor-unions/,US,2022-06-29,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Social Policy & Society",Question A,Increased unionization of the American workforce would give a noticeable boost to the earnings of current workers who become eligible to be members.,,43,38,4,30,4,0,0,0,5,0.894737,0.000000,0.105263,0.894737,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/2022-06-29-US-EEP-Labor-Unions.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Political economy,source,0.90,0.130000,0.770000,0.100000,0.000000,0.000000,0.900000,0.000000,0.900000,0.000000
us-labor-unions__question-b,us__labor-unions,Labor Unions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/labor-unions/,US,2022-06-29,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Social Policy & Society",Question B,Increased unionization of the American workforce would give a noticeable boost to wages for the median household.,,43,37,0,10,21,6,0,1,5,0.270270,0.162162,0.567568,0.108108,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.162162,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/2022-06-29-US-EEP-Labor-Unions.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.260000,0.540000,0.200000,0.000000,0.260000,0.200000,0.060000,0.200000
us-labor-unions__question-c,us__labor-unions,Labor Unions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/labor-unions/,US,2022-06-29,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Social Policy & Society",Question C,Increased unionization of the American workforce would have a net positive effect on employment.,,43,37,0,1,16,19,1,1,5,0.027027,0.540541,0.432432,-0.513514,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.027027,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/2022-06-29-US-EEP-Labor-Unions.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.030000,0.360000,0.560000,0.040000,0.030000,0.600000,-0.570000,0.030000
europe-inequality-2__question-a,europe__inequality-2,Inequality,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-2/,Europe,2022-07-13,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Social Policy & Society",Question A,The increasing share of income and wealth among the richest people in a number of advanced countries is giving significantly more political power to the wealthy.,,48,40,15,19,5,1,0,0,8,0.850000,0.025000,0.125000,0.825000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2022-07-13-Euro-EEP-Inequality.csv,mixed,,Inequality/redistribution; Political economy,source,0.90,0.460000,0.440000,0.070000,0.020000,0.000000,0.900000,0.020000,0.880000,0.020000
europe-inequality-2__question-b,europe__inequality-2,Inequality,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-2/,Europe,2022-07-13,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Social Policy & Society",Question B,The increasing share of income and wealth among the richest people in a number of advanced countries is having a significantly negative effect on intergenerational social mobility.,,48,40,5,26,6,3,0,0,8,0.775000,0.075000,0.150000,0.700000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.075000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2022-07-13-Euro-EEP-Inequality.csv,mixed,,Inequality/redistribution; Political economy,source,0.90,0.130000,0.660000,0.130000,0.080000,0.000000,0.790000,0.080000,0.710000,0.080000
europe-inequality-2__question-c,europe__inequality-2,Inequality,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-2/,Europe,2022-07-13,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Social Policy & Society",Question C,The increasing share of income and wealth among the richest people in a number of advanced countries is a major threat to capitalism.,,48,40,2,20,15,1,2,0,8,0.550000,0.075000,0.375000,0.475000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.075000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2022-07-13-Euro-EEP-Inequality.csv,mixed,,Inequality/redistribution; Political economy,source,0.90,0.080000,0.530000,0.300000,0.030000,0.060000,0.610000,0.090000,0.520000,0.090000
us-electric-vehicles__question-a,us__electric-vehicles,Electric Vehicles,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/electric-vehicles/,US,2022-07-26,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Transport",Question A,"The current $7,500 tax credit for purchasing electric vehicles is regressive.",,43,38,9,28,1,0,0,0,5,0.973684,0.000000,0.026316,0.973684,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2022-07-26-US-EEP-Electric-Vehicles.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.350000,0.640000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
us-electric-vehicles__question-b,us__electric-vehicles,Electric Vehicles,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/electric-vehicles/,US,2022-07-26,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Transport",Question B,"To encourage greater take-up of electric vehicles, public expenditure on infrastructure to support them (such as charging stations) is likely to be more cost-effective than providing equivalent amounts as tax credits/purchase rebates for buyers.",,43,37,2,22,11,1,1,1,5,0.648649,0.054054,0.297297,0.594595,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.054054,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2022-07-26-US-EEP-Electric-Vehicles.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.100000,0.610000,0.250000,0.020000,0.020000,0.710000,0.040000,0.670000,0.040000
us-roe-v-wade-reversal__question-a,us__roe-v-wade-reversal,Roe V. Wade Reversal,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/roe-v-wade-reversal/,US,2022-07-12,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"Laws restricting access to abortion are likely to have a negative impact on women's educational attainment, labor market participation, and earnings, particularly those in households of lower socio-economic status.",,43,38,16,22,0,0,0,1,4,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2022-07-12-US-EEP-Roe-V.-Wade-Reversal.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Labor markets; Political economy,source,0.90,0.510000,0.490000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-roe-v-wade-reversal__question-b,us__roe-v-wade-reversal,Roe V. Wade Reversal,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/roe-v-wade-reversal/,US,2022-07-12,"Healthcare & Wellbeing; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Social Policy & Society",Question B,States that ban abortion are likely to suffer significant economic losses.,,43,39,0,19,16,4,0,0,4,0.487179,0.102564,0.410256,0.384615,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.102564,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2022-07-12-US-EEP-Roe-V.-Wade-Reversal.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Labor markets; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.510000,0.350000,0.130000,0.000000,0.510000,0.130000,0.380000,0.130000
europe-energy-costs__question-a,europe__energy-costs,Energy Costs,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-costs/,Europe,2022-06-23,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,A windfall tax on the excess profits of large oil and gas companies – with the revenue rebated to households – would be an efficient way to provide temporary relief for the average household in European countries from rising energy costs.,"In her September 2022 State of the Union address , the European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen called for windfall taxes on energy companies’ profits. She also flagged the possibility of price caps to reduce household and business bills for gas and electricity, which have soared in recent months. In June 2022, we invited our European panel to express their views on such proposals. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,32,1,15,11,5,0,1,15,0.500000,0.156250,0.343750,0.343750,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.156250,,html,No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.460000,0.330000,0.170000,0.000000,0.500000,0.170000,0.330000,0.170000
europe-energy-costs__question-b,europe__energy-costs,Energy Costs,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-costs/,Europe,2022-06-23,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,Fiscal measures putting a cap on consumer energy prices would be a more appropriate immediate response to increased inflation in the euro area than raising interest rates.,"In her September 2022 State of the Union address , the European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen called for windfall taxes on energy companies’ profits. She also flagged the possibility of price caps to reduce household and business bills for gas and electricity, which have soared in recent months. In June 2022, we invited our European panel to express their views on such proposals. We asked the experts whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",48,32,1,4,4,12,11,1,15,0.156250,0.718750,0.125000,-0.562500,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.156250,,html,No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.110000,0.070000,0.360000,0.430000,0.150000,0.790000,-0.640000,0.150000
us-oil-price-cap__question-a,us__oil-price-cap,Oil Price Cap,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/oil-price-cap/,US,2022-09-14,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,"A price cap imposed by the G7/EU countries on purchases of Russian oil and oil-related products (and which applies to all importers of Russian oil using Western trade infrastructure, shipping, and insurance) would be an effective measure to reduce the flow of revenues to Russia.","In early September 2022, the finance ministers of the G7 countries confirmed their intention to implement a price cap on purchases of Russian oil and related products. Their objective is to reduce Russia’s ability to fund its invasion of Ukraine while limiting the war’s impact on global energy prices. We invited our European and US experts to express their views on this proposal, asking both panels whether they agree or disagree with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,38,1,20,13,4,0,1,4,0.552632,0.105263,0.342105,0.447368,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.105263,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-14-US-EEP-Oil-Price-Cap.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.050000,0.590000,0.280000,0.080000,0.000000,0.640000,0.080000,0.560000,0.080000
us-oil-price-cap__question-b,us__oil-price-cap,Oil Price Cap,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/oil-price-cap/,US,2022-09-14,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,The oil price cap imposed by the G7/EU countries will not have a substantial effect on the world oil price (such as the Brent crude benchmark).,"In early September 2022, the finance ministers of the G7 countries confirmed their intention to implement a price cap on purchases of Russian oil and related products. Their objective is to reduce Russia’s ability to fund its invasion of Ukraine while limiting the war’s impact on global energy prices. We invited our European and US experts to express their views on this proposal, asking both panels whether they agree or disagree with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",43,37,1,16,17,2,1,2,4,0.459459,0.081081,0.459459,0.378378,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.081081,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-14-US-EEP-Oil-Price-Cap.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.040000,0.460000,0.400000,0.060000,0.050000,0.500000,0.110000,0.390000,0.110000
europe-oil-price-cap-2__question-a,europe__oil-price-cap-2,Oil Price Cap,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/oil-price-cap-2/,Europe,2022-09-14,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,"A price cap imposed by the G7/EU countries on purchases of Russian oil and oil-related products (and which applies to all importers of Russian oil using Western trade infrastructure, shipping, and insurance) would be an effective measure to reduce the flow of revenues to Russia.","In early September 2022, the finance ministers of the G7 countries confirmed their intention to implement a price cap on purchases of Russian oil and related products. Their objective is to reduce Russia’s ability to fund its invasion of Ukraine while limiting the war’s impact on global energy prices. We invited our European and US experts to express their views on this proposal, asking both panels whether they agree or disagree with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",49,36,4,20,9,2,1,2,11,0.666667,0.083333,0.250000,0.583333,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.083333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-14-Euro-EEP-Oil-Price-Cap.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.160000,0.570000,0.200000,0.040000,0.040000,0.730000,0.080000,0.650000,0.080000
europe-oil-price-cap-2__question-b,europe__oil-price-cap-2,Oil Price Cap,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/oil-price-cap-2/,Europe,2022-09-14,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,The oil price cap imposed by the G7/EU countries will not have a substantial effect on the world oil price (such as the Brent crude benchmark).,"In early September 2022, the finance ministers of the G7 countries confirmed their intention to implement a price cap on purchases of Russian oil and related products. Their objective is to reduce Russia’s ability to fund its invasion of Ukraine while limiting the war’s impact on global energy prices. We invited our European and US experts to express their views on this proposal, asking both panels whether they agree or disagree with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",49,35,3,15,13,4,0,3,11,0.514286,0.114286,0.371429,0.400000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.114286,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-14-Euro-EEP-Oil-Price-Cap.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.130000,0.460000,0.300000,0.110000,0.000000,0.590000,0.110000,0.480000,0.110000
us-student-loan-relief__question-a,us__student-loan-relief,Student Loan Relief,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/student-loan-relief/,US,2022-09-27,Education & Skills; Social Policy & Society,Question A,The administration’s loan relief plan will not have a substantial impact on inflation in either direction.,,43,39,4,22,9,4,0,1,3,0.666667,0.102564,0.230769,0.564103,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.102564,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-14-US-EEP-Student-Loan-Relief.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Political economy; Monetary policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.120000,0.540000,0.220000,0.110000,0.000000,0.660000,0.110000,0.550000,0.110000
us-student-loan-relief__question-b,us__student-loan-relief,Student Loan Relief,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/student-loan-relief/,US,2022-09-27,Education & Skills; Social Policy & Society,Question B,A longer-term impact of the administration’s loan relief plan is likely to be substantially higher tuition fees at some universities.,,43,39,0,14,16,9,0,1,3,0.358974,0.230769,0.410256,0.128205,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.230769,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-14-US-EEP-Student-Loan-Relief.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Political economy; Monetary policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.380000,0.400000,0.220000,0.000000,0.380000,0.220000,0.160000,0.220000
us-student-loan-relief__question-c,us__student-loan-relief,Student Loan Relief,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/student-loan-relief/,US,2022-09-27,Education & Skills; Social Policy & Society,Question C,A longer-term impact of the administration’s loan relief plan is likely to be measurably higher student debt burdens in anticipation of future forgiveness.,,43,39,2,14,17,6,0,1,3,0.410256,0.153846,0.435897,0.256410,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.153846,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-14-US-EEP-Student-Loan-Relief.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Political economy; Monetary policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.350000,0.390000,0.160000,0.000000,0.460000,0.160000,0.300000,0.160000
europe-bankers-bonus-cap__question-a,europe__bankers-bonus-cap,Bankers’ Bonus Cap,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bankers-bonus-cap/,Europe,2022-10-04,"Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,The UK’s removal of the cap on bankers' bonuses (introduced by the EU in 2014 and which limits payouts to two times annual base salary) will provide a measurable boost to the country’s economic growth.,,49,44,0,0,2,29,13,0,5,0.000000,0.954545,0.045455,-0.954545,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-10-04-Euro-EEP-Bankers-Bonus-Cap.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.000000,0.030000,0.600000,0.370000,0.000000,0.970000,-0.970000,0.000000
europe-bankers-bonus-cap__question-b,europe__bankers-bonus-cap,Bankers’ Bonus Cap,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bankers-bonus-cap/,Europe,2022-10-04,"Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,Removing the cap on bankers' bonuses will measurably enhance the global competitiveness of the UK’s financial services sector.,,49,44,1,8,18,15,2,0,5,0.204545,0.386364,0.409091,-0.181818,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.204545,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-10-04-Euro-EEP-Bankers-Bonus-Cap.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.030000,0.140000,0.380000,0.380000,0.070000,0.170000,0.450000,-0.280000,0.170000
europe-bankers-bonus-cap__question-c,europe__bankers-bonus-cap,Bankers’ Bonus Cap,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bankers-bonus-cap/,Europe,2022-10-04,"Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,Removing the cap on bankers' bonuses will pose a measurable risk to financial stability in the UK.,,49,44,0,9,14,19,2,0,5,0.204545,0.477273,0.318182,-0.272727,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.204545,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-10-04-Euro-EEP-Bankers-Bonus-Cap.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.210000,0.320000,0.430000,0.040000,0.210000,0.470000,-0.260000,0.210000
us-liquidity__question-a,us__liquidity,Liquidity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/liquidity/,US,2014-06-03,Financial Markets & Banking; Social Policy & Society,Question A,There is a social value to having institutions that issue liquid liabilities that are backed by illiquid assets.,,45,36,15,17,4,0,0,4,5,0.888889,0.000000,0.111111,0.888889,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-06-03-US-EEP-Liquidity.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Political economy,source,0.90,0.560000,0.420000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
us-hurricane-economics__question-a,us__hurricane-economics,Hurricane Economics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/hurricane-economics/,US,2022-10-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,"In the aftermath of Hurricane Ian, the level of Florida’s GDP in five years will be substantially lower than it otherwise would.",,43,38,0,5,13,18,2,1,4,0.131579,0.526316,0.342105,-0.394737,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.131579,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-10-11-US-EEP-Hurricane-Economics.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.160000,0.370000,0.410000,0.060000,0.160000,0.470000,-0.310000,0.160000
us-hurricane-economics__question-b,us__hurricane-economics,Hurricane Economics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/hurricane-economics/,US,2022-10-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,The prospect of further costly extreme weather events means that there is a substantial chance that some private property insurance markets will no longer exist in ten years in states such as Florida.,,43,39,6,21,7,5,0,0,4,0.692308,0.128205,0.179487,0.564103,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.128205,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-10-11-US-EEP-Hurricane-Economics.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.190000,0.510000,0.180000,0.120000,0.000000,0.700000,0.120000,0.580000,0.120000
us-hurricane-economics__question-c,us__hurricane-economics,Hurricane Economics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/hurricane-economics/,US,2022-10-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Financial Markets & Banking",Question C,"Without large government subsidies, mandated flood insurance requirements would substantially reduce losses from subsequent natural disasters by encouraging economic activity to migrate from the most flood-prone areas.",,43,39,6,29,2,2,0,0,4,0.897436,0.051282,0.051282,0.846154,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.051282,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-10-11-US-EEP-Hurricane-Economics.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.190000,0.720000,0.030000,0.060000,0.000000,0.910000,0.060000,0.850000,0.060000
europe-banks-and-financial-crises-2__question-a,europe__banks-and-financial-crises-2,Banks and Financial Crises,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banks-and-financial-crises-2/,Europe,2022-10-18,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,Research on the nature and impact of bank runs has made it possible to limit the occurrence of financial crises and the economic damage they cause.,,49,38,13,23,1,1,0,2,9,0.947368,0.026316,0.026316,0.921053,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-10-18-Euro-EEP-Banks-and-Financial-Crises.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.380000,0.580000,0.010000,0.030000,0.000000,0.960000,0.030000,0.930000,0.030000
europe-banks-and-financial-crises-2__question-b,europe__banks-and-financial-crises-2,Banks and Financial Crises,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banks-and-financial-crises-2/,Europe,2022-10-18,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,"Despite repeated reforms of financial regulation (and macroprudential policies in some countries), there will always be occasional financial crises.",,49,39,14,24,1,0,0,1,9,0.974359,0.000000,0.025641,0.974359,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-10-18-Euro-EEP-Banks-and-Financial-Crises.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.390000,0.590000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
us-banks-and-financial-crises__question-a,us__banks-and-financial-crises,Banks and Financial Crises,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banks-and-financial-crises/,US,2022-10-18,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,Research on the nature and impact of bank runs has made it possible to limit substantially the wider economic damage from financial crises.,,43,37,7,23,6,1,0,0,6,0.810811,0.027027,0.162162,0.783784,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.027027,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-10-18-US-EEP-Banks-and-Financial-Crises.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.210000,0.630000,0.140000,0.020000,0.000000,0.840000,0.020000,0.820000,0.020000
us-banks-and-financial-crises__question-b,us__banks-and-financial-crises,Banks and Financial Crises,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banks-and-financial-crises/,US,2022-10-18,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,Reforms of financial regulation since 2008 (and macroprudential policies in some countries) will not substantially reduce the probability of financial crises.,,43,36,0,7,15,11,3,1,6,0.194444,0.388889,0.416667,-0.194444,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.194444,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-10-18-US-EEP-Banks-and-Financial-Crises.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.190000,0.380000,0.270000,0.160000,0.190000,0.430000,-0.240000,0.190000
us-computer-chips__question-a,us__computer-chips,Computer Chips,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/computer-chips/,US,2022-11-01,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"Given the centrality of semiconductors to the manufacturing of many products, securing reliable supplies should be a key strategic objective of national policy.",,43,35,9,23,3,0,0,0,8,0.914286,0.000000,0.085714,0.914286,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-01-US-EEP-Computer-Chips.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.340000,0.590000,0.070000,0.000000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000
us-computer-chips__question-b,us__computer-chips,Computer Chips,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/computer-chips/,US,2022-11-01,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Restrictions on exports of semiconductors and related high-tech equipment to China will substantially improve US technological leadership.,,43,35,0,7,24,4,0,0,8,0.200000,0.114286,0.685714,0.085714,Uncertain,Uncertain consensus,0.114286,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-01-US-EEP-Computer-Chips.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.220000,0.600000,0.180000,0.000000,0.220000,0.180000,0.040000,0.180000
finance-passive-investing__question-a,finance__passive-investing,Passive Investing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/passive-investing/,Finance,2022-11-08,Investment Management; Investments,Question A,The amount of passively invested funds has reached levels at which it has a measurable detrimental effect on market efficiency.,,40,36,0,3,11,15,7,1,3,0.083333,0.611111,0.305556,-0.527778,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.083333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-08-Finance-Passive-Investing.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.100000,0.240000,0.420000,0.240000,0.100000,0.660000,-0.560000,0.100000
europe-responding-to-carbon-leakage__question-a,europe__responding-to-carbon-leakage,Responding to Carbon Leakage,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/responding-to-carbon-leakage/,Europe,2022-11-09,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,The carbon border adjustment mechanism will ensure that the European Union’s green objectives are not undermined by the relocation of EU production in the sectors under the mechanism to non-EU countries with less ambitious climate policies (‘carbon leakage').,,49,33,4,22,7,0,0,2,14,0.787879,0.000000,0.212121,0.787879,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-08-Euro-EEP-Responding-to-Carbon-Leakage.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.170000,0.720000,0.110000,0.000000,0.000000,0.890000,0.000000,0.890000,0.000000
europe-responding-to-carbon-leakage__question-b,europe__responding-to-carbon-leakage,Responding to Carbon Leakage,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/responding-to-carbon-leakage/,Europe,2022-11-09,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,"To the extent that the carbon border adjustment mechanism is effective in reducing emissions and carbon leakage, it will impose substantial costs on the economies of poorer countries.",,49,33,0,4,24,5,0,2,14,0.121212,0.151515,0.727273,-0.030303,Uncertain,Uncertain consensus,0.121212,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-08-Euro-EEP-Responding-to-Carbon-Leakage.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.000000,0.160000,0.680000,0.160000,0.000000,0.160000,0.160000,0.000000,0.160000
finance-banks-and-financial-crises-3__question-a,finance__banks-and-financial-crises-3,Banks and Financial Crises,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banks-and-financial-crises-3/,Finance,2022-10-18,Banking; Finance and the Economy; Financial Crises; Financial Regulation,Question A,Research on the nature and impact of bank runs has made it possible to limit substantially the wider economic damage from financial crises.,,41,41,7,28,3,3,0,0,0,0.853659,0.073171,0.073171,0.780488,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.073171,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-10-18-Finance-Banks-and-Financial-Crises.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.200000,0.690000,0.040000,0.070000,0.000000,0.890000,0.070000,0.820000,0.070000
finance-banks-and-financial-crises-3__question-b,finance__banks-and-financial-crises-3,Banks and Financial Crises,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banks-and-financial-crises-3/,Finance,2022-10-18,Banking; Finance and the Economy; Financial Crises; Financial Regulation,Question B,Reforms of financial regulation since 2008 (and macroprudential policies in some countries) will not substantially reduce the probability of financial crises.,,41,39,1,10,14,11,3,2,0,0.282051,0.358974,0.358974,-0.076923,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.282051,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-10-18-Finance-Banks-and-Financial-Crises.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.030000,0.230000,0.350000,0.290000,0.100000,0.260000,0.390000,-0.130000,0.260000
finance-executive-pay-2__question-a,finance__executive-pay-2,Executive Pay,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/executive-pay-2/,Finance,2022-09-21,Corporate Governance; Financial Regulation,Question A,The typical chief executive officer of a publicly traded corporation in the U.S. is paid more than his or her marginal contribution to the firm's value.,,43,36,0,4,18,8,6,0,7,0.111111,0.388889,0.500000,-0.277778,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.111111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-21-Finance-Executive-Pay.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.130000,0.430000,0.200000,0.230000,0.130000,0.430000,-0.300000,0.130000
finance-executive-pay-2__question-b,finance__executive-pay-2,Executive Pay,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/executive-pay-2/,Finance,2022-09-21,Corporate Governance; Financial Regulation,Question B,Mandating that U.S. publicly listed corporations must allow shareholders to cast a non-binding vote on executive compensation was a good idea.,,43,35,2,16,6,6,5,1,7,0.514286,0.314286,0.171429,0.200000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.314286,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-21-Finance-Executive-Pay.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.070000,0.440000,0.150000,0.170000,0.170000,0.510000,0.340000,0.170000,0.340000
finance-stakeholder-capitalism-3__question-a,finance__stakeholder-capitalism-3,Stakeholder Capitalism,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stakeholder-capitalism-3/,Finance,2022-09-21,Corporate Governance; Finance and the Economy,Question A,Having companies run to maximize shareholder value creates significant negative externalities for workers and communities.,,43,41,1,12,8,18,2,0,2,0.317073,0.487805,0.195122,-0.170732,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.317073,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-21-Finance-Stakeholder-Capitalism.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.030000,0.290000,0.180000,0.450000,0.060000,0.320000,0.510000,-0.190000,0.320000
finance-stakeholder-capitalism-3__question-b,finance__stakeholder-capitalism-3,Stakeholder Capitalism,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stakeholder-capitalism-3/,Finance,2022-09-21,Corporate Governance; Finance and the Economy,Question B,"Appropriately managed corporations could create significantly greater value than they currently do for a range of stakeholders – including workers, suppliers, customers and community members – with negligible impacts on shareholder value.",,43,41,1,7,11,13,9,0,2,0.195122,0.536585,0.268293,-0.341463,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.195122,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-21-Finance-Stakeholder-Capitalism.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.020000,0.190000,0.230000,0.300000,0.260000,0.210000,0.560000,-0.350000,0.210000
finance-stakeholder-capitalism-3__question-c,finance__stakeholder-capitalism-3,Stakeholder Capitalism,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stakeholder-capitalism-3/,Finance,2022-09-21,Corporate Governance; Finance and the Economy,Question C,Effective mechanisms for boards of directors to ensure that CEOs act in ways that balance the interests of all stakeholders would be straightforward to introduce.,,43,41,0,1,5,23,12,0,2,0.024390,0.853659,0.121951,-0.829268,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-21-Finance-Stakeholder-Capitalism.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.020000,0.080000,0.560000,0.340000,0.020000,0.900000,-0.880000,0.020000
finance-climate-reporting-mandate-3__question-a,finance__climate-reporting-mandate-3,Climate Reporting Mandate,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/climate-reporting-mandate-3/,Finance,2022-09-21,Corporate Governance; Financial Regulation,Question A,A mandate for public companies to provide climate-related disclosures (such as their greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint) would provide financially material information that enables investors to make better decisions.,,43,42,1,22,14,4,1,1,0,0.547619,0.119048,0.333333,0.428571,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.119048,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-21-Finance-Climate-Reporting-Mandate.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Climate/environment; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.030000,0.500000,0.300000,0.120000,0.040000,0.530000,0.160000,0.370000,0.160000
finance-climate-reporting-mandate-3__question-b,finance__climate-reporting-mandate-3,Climate Reporting Mandate,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/climate-reporting-mandate-3/,Finance,2022-09-21,Corporate Governance; Financial Regulation,Question B,A mandate for public companies to provide climate-related disclosures would provide material information that enables investors to make better decisions with regards to non-financial objectives (such as aiding portfolio choice based on ESG principles).,,43,41,8,22,8,2,1,2,0,0.731707,0.073171,0.195122,0.658537,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.073171,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-21-Finance-Climate-Reporting-Mandate.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Climate/environment; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.240000,0.560000,0.120000,0.060000,0.020000,0.800000,0.080000,0.720000,0.080000
finance-climate-reporting-mandate-3__question-c,finance__climate-reporting-mandate-3,Climate Reporting Mandate,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/climate-reporting-mandate-3/,Finance,2022-09-21,Corporate Governance; Financial Regulation,Question C,A mandate for public companies to provide climate-related disclosures would induce them to reduce their climate impact substantially.,,43,42,0,11,24,6,1,1,0,0.261905,0.166667,0.571429,0.095238,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.166667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-21-Finance-Climate-Reporting-Mandate.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Climate/environment; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.250000,0.550000,0.160000,0.030000,0.250000,0.190000,0.060000,0.190000
us-commitment-to-policy-rules__question-a,us__commitment-to-policy-rules,Commitment to Policy Rules,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/commitment-to-policy-rules/,US,2022-11-15,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Public Debt & Deficits",Question A,"When economic policy-makers are unable to commit credibly in advance to a specific decision rule, they will often follow a poor policy trajectory.",,43,37,2,23,10,2,0,1,5,0.675676,0.054054,0.270270,0.621622,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.054054,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-15-US-EEP-Commitment-to-Policy-Rules.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.100000,0.620000,0.230000,0.050000,0.000000,0.720000,0.050000,0.670000,0.050000
us-commitment-to-policy-rules__question-b,us__commitment-to-policy-rules,Commitment to Policy Rules,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/commitment-to-policy-rules/,US,2022-11-15,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Public Debt & Deficits",Question B,"Rules-based fiscal policies deliver substantially better outcomes than purely discretionary, on the spot, policy choices.",,43,37,2,15,16,3,1,1,5,0.459459,0.108108,0.432432,0.351351,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.108108,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-15-US-EEP-Commitment-to-Policy-Rules.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.090000,0.380000,0.390000,0.100000,0.040000,0.470000,0.140000,0.330000,0.140000
finance-cryptocurrency-exchanges__question-a,finance__cryptocurrency-exchanges,Cryptocurrency Exchanges,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/cryptocurrency-exchanges/,Finance,2022-11-21,Finance and the Economy; Financial Regulation,Question A,The collapse of a major crypto intermediary will have little impact on the wider economy and the stability of the traditional financial system.,,40,39,7,23,7,2,0,0,1,0.769231,0.051282,0.179487,0.717949,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.051282,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-21-Finance-Cryptocurrency-Exchanges.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.230000,0.610000,0.120000,0.050000,0.000000,0.840000,0.050000,0.790000,0.050000
finance-cryptocurrency-exchanges__question-b,finance__cryptocurrency-exchanges,Cryptocurrency Exchanges,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/cryptocurrency-exchanges/,Finance,2022-11-21,Finance and the Economy; Financial Regulation,Question B,The collapse of a major crypto intermediary suggests the need for the crypto asset class to be more tightly regulated.,,40,38,8,18,11,1,0,1,1,0.684211,0.026316,0.289474,0.657895,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-21-Finance-Cryptocurrency-Exchanges.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.260000,0.470000,0.240000,0.030000,0.000000,0.730000,0.030000,0.700000,0.030000
us-twitter__question-a,us__twitter,Twitter,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/twitter/,US,2022-11-29,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Network externalities give Twitter an incumbent advantage that will slow substantially the migration of users who would prefer alternative platforms.,,43,38,8,24,3,3,0,0,5,0.842105,0.078947,0.078947,0.763158,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.078947,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-29-US-EEP-Twitter.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Immigration; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.280000,0.570000,0.060000,0.090000,0.000000,0.850000,0.090000,0.760000,0.090000
us-twitter__question-b,us__twitter,Twitter,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/twitter/,US,2022-11-29,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"As of now, there needs to be more government regulation around Twitter’s content moderation and personal data protection.",,43,38,3,13,15,4,3,0,5,0.421053,0.184211,0.394737,0.236842,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.184211,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-29-US-EEP-Twitter.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Immigration; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.130000,0.320000,0.330000,0.140000,0.080000,0.450000,0.220000,0.230000,0.220000
europe-electric-vehicles-2__question-a,europe__electric-vehicles-2,Electric Vehicles,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/electric-vehicles-2/,Europe,2022-12-13,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Transport",Question A,"Without government intervention, take-up of electric vehicles will be substantially less than is desirable to reduce carbon emissions.",,49,40,10,22,5,3,0,0,9,0.800000,0.075000,0.125000,0.725000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.075000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-12-13-Euro-EEP-Electric-Vehicles.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.260000,0.580000,0.090000,0.070000,0.000000,0.840000,0.070000,0.770000,0.070000
europe-electric-vehicles-2__question-b,europe__electric-vehicles-2,Electric Vehicles,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/electric-vehicles-2/,Europe,2022-12-13,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Transport",Question B,"To encourage greater take-up of electric vehicles, public expenditure on infrastructure to support them (such as charging stations) is likely to be more cost-effective than providing equivalent amounts as tax credits/purchase rebates for buyers.",,49,39,6,17,15,1,0,1,9,0.589744,0.025641,0.384615,0.564103,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-12-13-Euro-EEP-Electric-Vehicles.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.230000,0.420000,0.320000,0.030000,0.000000,0.650000,0.030000,0.620000,0.030000
us-music-event-ticketing__question-a,us__music-event-ticketing,Music Event Ticketing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/music-event-ticketing/,US,2022-12-13,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Social Policy & Society",Question A,The market power of ticket-selling intermediaries leads to consumers who ultimately attend the music events paying substantially more and producers receiving substantially less than they would if the intermediary sector were more competitive.,,43,36,1,28,7,0,0,1,6,0.805556,0.000000,0.194444,0.805556,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-12-13-US-EEP-Music-Event-Ticketing.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Political economy,source,0.90,0.030000,0.820000,0.150000,0.000000,0.000000,0.850000,0.000000,0.850000,0.000000
us-music-event-ticketing__question-b,us__music-event-ticketing,Music Event Ticketing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/music-event-ticketing/,US,2022-12-13,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Social Policy & Society",Question B,The present system of initial ticket selling and reselling through secondary ticket intermediaries often leads to large transfers between different groups of ticket buyers that could be partially captured by artists through higher initial ticket prices.,,43,34,3,28,3,0,0,3,6,0.911765,0.000000,0.088235,0.911765,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-12-13-US-EEP-Music-Event-Ticketing.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Political economy,source,0.90,0.140000,0.820000,0.040000,0.000000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000
us-music-event-ticketing__question-c,us__music-event-ticketing,Music Event Ticketing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/music-event-ticketing/,US,2022-12-13,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Social Policy & Society",Question C,Artists set prices at less than market-clearing levels in an effort to provide access for fans with modest incomes.,,43,31,2,16,12,1,0,6,6,0.580645,0.032258,0.387097,0.548387,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.032258,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-12-13-US-EEP-Music-Event-Ticketing.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Political economy,source,0.90,0.130000,0.540000,0.300000,0.030000,0.000000,0.670000,0.030000,0.640000,0.030000
finance-individual-investor-order-execution__question-a,finance__individual-investor-order-execution,Individual Investor Order Execution,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/individual-investor-order-execution/,Finance,2023-01-19,Financial Regulation; Investment Management,Question A,The SEC’s proposed new rule for stock orders from individual investors is likely to be effective in giving those investors better prices on their trades on average.,,40,25,0,9,13,3,0,6,9,0.360000,0.120000,0.520000,0.240000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.120000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-01-18-Finance-Individual-Investor-Order-Execution.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.380000,0.460000,0.160000,0.000000,0.380000,0.160000,0.220000,0.160000
finance-individual-investor-order-execution__question-b,finance__individual-investor-order-execution,Individual Investor Order Execution,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/individual-investor-order-execution/,Finance,2023-01-19,Financial Regulation; Investment Management,Question B,The new rule would improve the overall operation of the stock market.,,40,25,0,2,17,5,1,6,9,0.080000,0.240000,0.680000,-0.160000,Uncertain,Uncertain consensus,0.080000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-01-18-Finance-Individual-Investor-Order-Execution.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.080000,0.590000,0.250000,0.080000,0.080000,0.330000,-0.250000,0.080000
us-non-compete-clauses__question-a,us__non-compete-clauses,Non-Compete Clauses,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/non-compete-clauses/,US,2023-01-18,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Social Policy & Society",Question A,Prohibiting firms from imposing employment contract provisions that prevent workers from moving to a competitor or starting a competing business would lead to a substantial increase in wages in the affected industries.,,42,36,0,14,18,4,0,0,6,0.388889,0.111111,0.500000,0.277778,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.111111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-01-18-US-EEP-Non-Compete-Clauses.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.390000,0.490000,0.120000,0.000000,0.390000,0.120000,0.270000,0.120000
us-non-compete-clauses__question-b,us__non-compete-clauses,Non-Compete Clauses,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/non-compete-clauses/,US,2023-01-18,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Social Policy & Society",Question B,A ban on non-compete clauses would lead to a measurable increase in innovation.,,42,36,0,14,14,8,0,0,6,0.388889,0.222222,0.388889,0.166667,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.222222,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-01-18-US-EEP-Non-Compete-Clauses.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.350000,0.420000,0.230000,0.000000,0.350000,0.230000,0.120000,0.230000
us-non-compete-clauses__question-c,us__non-compete-clauses,Non-Compete Clauses,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/non-compete-clauses/,US,2023-01-18,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Social Policy & Society",Question C,A ban on non-compete clauses would lead to a measurable reduction in firms’ investment in staff training.,,42,36,0,14,16,6,0,0,6,0.388889,0.166667,0.444444,0.222222,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.166667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-01-18-US-EEP-Non-Compete-Clauses.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.420000,0.420000,0.170000,0.000000,0.420000,0.170000,0.250000,0.170000
europe-state-aid__question-a,europe__state-aid,State Aid,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/state-aid/,Europe,2023-01-25,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Loosening regulations on state aid to allow targeted incentives for companies in certain sectors will substantially improve the EU’s relative attractiveness for corporate investment.,,49,39,0,9,19,9,2,0,10,0.230769,0.282051,0.487179,-0.051282,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.230769,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-01-25-Euro-EEP-State-Aid.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.250000,0.440000,0.240000,0.070000,0.250000,0.310000,-0.060000,0.250000
europe-state-aid__question-b,europe__state-aid,State Aid,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/state-aid/,Europe,2023-01-25,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,Loosening regulations on state aid will give a substantial advantage to the economies of EU members with stronger public finances.,,49,39,2,14,18,4,1,0,10,0.410256,0.128205,0.461538,0.282051,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.128205,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-01-25-Euro-EEP-State-Aid.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.070000,0.350000,0.390000,0.130000,0.050000,0.420000,0.180000,0.240000,0.180000
europe-state-aid__question-c,europe__state-aid,State Aid,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/state-aid/,Europe,2023-01-25,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,"Even if looser regulations on state aid are temporary, they risk permanent damage to the EU’s longstanding competition policy regime.",,49,39,6,23,9,1,0,0,10,0.743590,0.025641,0.230769,0.717949,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-01-25-Euro-EEP-State-Aid.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.190000,0.640000,0.150000,0.010000,0.000000,0.830000,0.010000,0.820000,0.010000
us-debt-ceiling-2__question-a,us__debt-ceiling-2,Debt Ceiling,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/debt-ceiling-2/,US,2023-01-31,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking; Public Debt & Deficits",Question A,"A combination of the US federal government having to defer some invoice, benefit, and salary payments, and miss payments on Treasury securities for several weeks would do substantial damage to financial markets.","With the US federal government having reached the current debt ceiling set by Congress and amid political tensions about raising the limit, we invited our panels of experts in economics and finance to express their views on the potential effects of default, as well as the ceiling’s impact on the long-run size of the debt. Over the weekend before the recent meeting between President Biden and Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy , we asked the US economics panel whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",42,35,12,17,5,1,0,0,7,0.828571,0.028571,0.142857,0.800000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.028571,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-01-31-US-EEP-Debt-Ceiling.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.490000,0.390000,0.100000,0.020000,0.000000,0.880000,0.020000,0.860000,0.020000
us-debt-ceiling-2__question-b,us__debt-ceiling-2,Debt Ceiling,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/debt-ceiling-2/,US,2023-01-31,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking; Public Debt & Deficits",Question B,"A combination of the US federal government having to defer some invoice, benefit, and salary payments, and miss payments on Treasury securities for several weeks would lead to substantially lower employment within six months.","With the US federal government having reached the current debt ceiling set by Congress and amid political tensions about raising the limit, we invited our panels of experts in economics and finance to express their views on the potential effects of default, as well as the ceiling’s impact on the long-run size of the debt. Over the weekend before the recent meeting between President Biden and Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy , we asked the US economics panel whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",42,35,3,12,17,3,0,0,7,0.428571,0.085714,0.485714,0.342857,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.085714,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-01-31-US-EEP-Debt-Ceiling.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.100000,0.390000,0.410000,0.100000,0.000000,0.490000,0.100000,0.390000,0.100000
us-debt-ceiling-2__question-c,us__debt-ceiling-2,Debt Ceiling,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/debt-ceiling-2/,US,2023-01-31,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking; Public Debt & Deficits",Question C,The requirement to periodically increase the debt ceiling measurably reduces the long-run size of the debt.,"With the US federal government having reached the current debt ceiling set by Congress and amid political tensions about raising the limit, we invited our panels of experts in economics and finance to express their views on the potential effects of default, as well as the ceiling’s impact on the long-run size of the debt. Over the weekend before the recent meeting between President Biden and Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy , we asked the US economics panel whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",42,35,0,4,8,9,14,0,7,0.114286,0.657143,0.228571,-0.542857,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.114286,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-01-31-US-EEP-Debt-Ceiling.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.080000,0.120000,0.300000,0.500000,0.080000,0.800000,-0.720000,0.080000
finance-debt-ceiling-3__question-a,finance__debt-ceiling-3,Debt Ceiling,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/debt-ceiling-3/,Finance,2023-01-31,Bonds; Finance and the Economy; Financial Crises,Question A,Missing payments on the US Treasury security obligations for several weeks would pose a substantial risk of a global financial crisis.,"With the US federal government having reached the current debt ceiling set by Congress and amid political tensions about raising the limit, we invited our panels of experts in economics and finance to express their views on the potential effects of default, as well as the ceiling’s impact on the long-run size of the debt. Over the weekend before the recent meeting between President Biden and Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy , we asked the US economics panel whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",40,36,7,19,9,0,1,1,3,0.722222,0.027778,0.250000,0.694444,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.027778,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-01-31-Finance-Debt-Ceiling.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Banking; Fiscal policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.260000,0.530000,0.160000,0.000000,0.040000,0.790000,0.040000,0.750000,0.040000
finance-debt-ceiling-3__question-b,finance__debt-ceiling-3,Debt Ceiling,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/debt-ceiling-3/,Finance,2023-01-31,Bonds; Finance and the Economy; Financial Crises,Question B,The requirement to periodically increase the debt ceiling measurably reduces the long-run size of the debt.,"With the US federal government having reached the current debt ceiling set by Congress and amid political tensions about raising the limit, we invited our panels of experts in economics and finance to express their views on the potential effects of default, as well as the ceiling’s impact on the long-run size of the debt. Over the weekend before the recent meeting between President Biden and Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy , we asked the US economics panel whether they agreed or disagreed with the following statements, and, if so, how strongly and with what degree of confidence: Read More...",40,36,0,4,9,13,10,1,3,0.111111,0.638889,0.250000,-0.527778,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.111111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-01-31-Finance-Debt-Ceiling.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Banking; Fiscal policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.120000,0.200000,0.340000,0.340000,0.120000,0.680000,-0.560000,0.120000
europe-the-invisible-hand-2__question-a,europe__the-invisible-hand-2,The Invisible Hand,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-invisible-hand-2/,Europe,2023-02-15,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,Adam Smith’s metaphor of the invisible hand has been foundational to the development of modern economic theory.,,49,36,18,16,2,0,0,0,13,0.944444,0.000000,0.055556,0.944444,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,,html,No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.550000,0.400000,0.040000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
europe-the-invisible-hand-2__question-b,europe__the-invisible-hand-2,The Invisible Hand,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-invisible-hand-2/,Europe,2023-02-15,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question B,Adam Smith’s metaphor of the invisible hand has been commonly misinterpreted as advocacy for pure laissez-faire capitalism.,,49,35,8,24,1,2,0,1,13,0.914286,0.057143,0.028571,0.857143,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.057143,,html,No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.260000,0.700000,0.000000,0.040000,0.000000,0.960000,0.040000,0.920000,0.040000
us-the-invisible-hand__question-a,us__the-invisible-hand,The Invisible Hand,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-invisible-hand/,US,2023-02-15,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,Adam Smith’s metaphor of the invisible hand has been foundational to the development of modern economic theory.,,41,38,20,16,1,1,0,0,3,0.947368,0.026316,0.026316,0.921053,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-02-15-US-EEP-The-Invisible-Hand.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.600000,0.380000,0.000000,0.020000,0.000000,0.980000,0.020000,0.960000,0.020000
us-the-invisible-hand__question-b,us__the-invisible-hand,The Invisible Hand,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-invisible-hand/,US,2023-02-15,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question B,Adam Smith’s metaphor of the invisible hand has been commonly misinterpreted as advocacy for pure laissez-faire capitalism.,,41,38,6,25,7,0,0,0,3,0.815789,0.000000,0.184211,0.815789,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-02-15-US-EEP-The-Invisible-Hand.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.230000,0.670000,0.110000,0.000000,0.000000,0.900000,0.000000,0.900000,0.000000
finance-currency-depreciation__question-a,finance__currency-depreciation,Currency Depreciation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/currency-depreciation/,Finance,2022-10-05,"International Finance; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,The costs and risks associated with a sharp fall in the value of sterling outweigh any macroeconomic benefits for the UK of export stimulus due to a weaker currency.,,41,32,0,14,14,4,0,4,5,0.437500,0.125000,0.437500,0.312500,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.125000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-10-05-Finance-Currency-Depreciation.csv,mixed,,International economics; Monetary policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.490000,0.370000,0.140000,0.000000,0.490000,0.140000,0.350000,0.140000
finance-currency-depreciation__question-b,finance__currency-depreciation,Currency Depreciation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/currency-depreciation/,Finance,2022-10-05,"International Finance; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,Concerns about government finances and debt sustainability can undermine the reserve currency status of a major currency.,,41,33,8,22,3,0,0,3,5,0.909091,0.000000,0.090909,0.909091,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-10-05-Finance-Currency-Depreciation.csv,mixed,,International economics; Monetary policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.290000,0.630000,0.080000,0.000000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000
finance-taxing-stock-buybacks__question-a,finance__taxing-stock-buybacks,Taxing Stock Buybacks,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/taxing-stock-buybacks/,Finance,2023-02-22,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Investments; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,Large-scale stock buybacks by public corporations provide short-term rewards for shareholders and senior executives at the expense of potentially higher-return corporate investments.,,40,33,0,2,6,14,11,0,7,0.060606,0.757576,0.181818,-0.696970,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.060606,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-02-22-Finance-Taxing-Stock-Buybacks.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.050000,0.180000,0.420000,0.360000,0.050000,0.780000,-0.730000,0.050000
finance-taxing-stock-buybacks__question-b,finance__taxing-stock-buybacks,Taxing Stock Buybacks,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/taxing-stock-buybacks/,Finance,2023-02-22,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Investments; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,The proposed higher tax on corporate stock buybacks (an increase from 1% to 4%) would generate substantial public revenues.,,40,32,0,3,14,12,3,1,7,0.093750,0.468750,0.437500,-0.375000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.093750,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-02-22-Finance-Taxing-Stock-Buybacks.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.090000,0.390000,0.420000,0.110000,0.090000,0.530000,-0.440000,0.090000
finance-taxing-stock-buybacks__question-c,finance__taxing-stock-buybacks,Taxing Stock Buybacks,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/taxing-stock-buybacks/,Finance,2023-02-22,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Investments; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,The proposed higher tax on corporate stock buybacks would generate a substantial increase in corporate investment.,,40,33,0,2,8,11,12,0,7,0.060606,0.696970,0.242424,-0.636364,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.060606,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-02-22-Finance-Taxing-Stock-Buybacks.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.060000,0.210000,0.310000,0.430000,0.060000,0.740000,-0.680000,0.060000
us-liability-of-internet-publishers__question-a,us__liability-of-internet-publishers,Liability of Internet Publishers,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/liability-of-internet-publishers/,US,2023-02-28,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Social Policy & Society",Question A,Imposing stronger legal liability on online platforms for content posted by users would substantially reduce the amount of user-generated content available on those platforms.,,41,30,2,18,9,1,0,1,10,0.666667,0.033333,0.300000,0.633333,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.033333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-02-28-US-EEP-Liability-of-Internet-Publishers.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.110000,0.590000,0.290000,0.010000,0.000000,0.700000,0.010000,0.690000,0.010000
us-liability-of-internet-publishers__question-b,us__liability-of-internet-publishers,Liability of Internet Publishers,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/liability-of-internet-publishers/,US,2023-02-28,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Social Policy & Society",Question B,Imposing stronger legal liability on online platforms for content posted by users would substantially damage those platforms’ advertising businesses.,,41,30,0,9,18,3,0,1,10,0.300000,0.100000,0.600000,0.200000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-02-28-US-EEP-Liability-of-Internet-Publishers.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.310000,0.600000,0.080000,0.000000,0.310000,0.080000,0.230000,0.080000
us-liability-of-internet-publishers__question-c,us__liability-of-internet-publishers,Liability of Internet Publishers,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/liability-of-internet-publishers/,US,2023-02-28,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Social Policy & Society",Question C,Imposing stronger legal liability on online platforms for content posted by users would substantially reduce the amount of misinformation and disinformation present on those platforms.,,41,30,2,21,5,2,0,1,10,0.766667,0.066667,0.166667,0.700000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.066667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-02-28-US-EEP-Liability-of-Internet-Publishers.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.080000,0.710000,0.130000,0.080000,0.000000,0.790000,0.080000,0.710000,0.080000
europe-windsor-framework__question-a,europe__windsor-framework,Windsor Framework,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/windsor-framework/,Europe,2023-03-08,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,The amendments to the Northern Ireland protocol agreed by the UK and the EU are unlikely to have a measurable direct impact on UK growth over the next two years.,,49,28,2,10,11,5,0,5,16,0.428571,0.178571,0.392857,0.250000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.178571,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-03-08-Euro-EEP-Windsor-Framework.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.100000,0.410000,0.300000,0.190000,0.000000,0.510000,0.190000,0.320000,0.190000
europe-windsor-framework__question-b,europe__windsor-framework,Windsor Framework,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/windsor-framework/,Europe,2023-03-08,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,"If renewed UK-EU scientific cooperation were achieved in the wake of the Windsor framework, it would be likely to have a measurable positive impact on UK growth over the next five years.",,49,28,1,12,11,4,0,5,16,0.464286,0.142857,0.392857,0.321429,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.142857,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-03-08-Euro-EEP-Windsor-Framework.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.060000,0.480000,0.320000,0.150000,0.000000,0.540000,0.150000,0.390000,0.150000
finance-inflation-indexed-bonds__question-a,finance__inflation-indexed-bonds,Inflation-Indexed Bonds,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation-indexed-bonds/,Finance,2023-03-15,"Bonds; Finance and the Economy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"By issuing inflation-indexed bonds, and thereby providing a long-term real safe asset for pension funds and retirement savers, governments can make a substantial contribution to social welfare.",,40,33,5,23,5,0,0,0,7,0.848485,0.000000,0.151515,0.848485,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-02-22-Finance-Inflation-Indexed-Bonds.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.210000,0.720000,0.080000,0.000000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000
finance-inflation-indexed-bonds__question-b,finance__inflation-indexed-bonds,Inflation-Indexed Bonds,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation-indexed-bonds/,Finance,2023-03-15,"Bonds; Finance and the Economy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,Issuance of inflation-indexed bonds substantially helps government commit to a responsible fiscal and monetary policy.,,40,33,0,10,17,6,0,0,7,0.303030,0.181818,0.515152,0.121212,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.181818,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-02-22-Finance-Inflation-Indexed-Bonds.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.310000,0.470000,0.230000,0.000000,0.310000,0.230000,0.080000,0.230000
us-medicare-funding__question-a,us__medicare-funding,Medicare Funding,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/medicare-funding/,US,2023-03-15,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"If it is implemented, the proposed increase in the tax rate on earned and business income above $400,000 in the Biden budget, along with other proposed changes to Medicare, would extend the solvency of the Medicare program for the next 25 years.",,41,28,1,14,9,3,1,3,10,0.535714,0.142857,0.321429,0.392857,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.142857,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-03-15-US-EEP-Medicare-Funding.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.040000,0.580000,0.240000,0.080000,0.060000,0.620000,0.140000,0.480000,0.140000
us-medicare-funding__question-b,us__medicare-funding,Medicare Funding,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/medicare-funding/,US,2023-03-15,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,"If it is implemented, the proposed reform of Medicare drug negotiations in the Biden budget is likely to lead to a substantial reduction in drug prices for beneficiaries.",,41,29,1,23,4,1,0,2,10,0.827586,0.034483,0.137931,0.793103,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.034483,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-03-15-US-EEP-Medicare-Funding.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.040000,0.860000,0.070000,0.030000,0.000000,0.900000,0.030000,0.870000,0.030000
us-medicare-funding__question-c,us__medicare-funding,Medicare Funding,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/medicare-funding/,US,2023-03-15,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending,Question C,"If it is implemented, the proposed reform of Medicare drug negotiations in the Biden budget is likely to lead to a substantial reduction in the development of beneficial new drugs.",,41,29,0,4,16,9,0,2,10,0.137931,0.310345,0.551724,-0.172414,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.137931,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-03-15-US-EEP-Medicare-Funding.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.100000,0.500000,0.400000,0.000000,0.100000,0.400000,-0.300000,0.100000
us-innovation-and-growth__question-a,us__innovation-and-growth,Innovation and Growth,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/innovation-and-growth/,US,2014-02-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Future innovations worldwide will not be transformational enough to promote sustained per-capita economic growth rates in the U.S. and western Europe over the next century as high as those over the past 150 years.,,45,39,0,3,22,10,4,6,0,0.076923,0.358974,0.564103,-0.282051,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.076923,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-02-11-US-EEP-Innovation-and-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.070000,0.590000,0.240000,0.100000,0.070000,0.340000,-0.270000,0.070000
us-banking-crisis__question-a,us__banking-crisis,Banking Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banking-crisis/,US,2023-03-30,Banking; Finance and the Economy; Financial Crises; Financial Markets & Banking,Question A,Financial regulators in the US and Europe lack the tools and authority to deter runs on banks by uninsured depositors.,,41,32,0,11,7,11,3,2,7,0.343750,0.437500,0.218750,-0.093750,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.343750,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-03-29-US-EEP-Banking-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.320000,0.160000,0.360000,0.150000,0.320000,0.510000,-0.190000,0.320000
us-banking-crisis__question-b,us__banking-crisis,Banking Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banking-crisis/,US,2023-03-30,Banking; Finance and the Economy; Financial Crises; Financial Markets & Banking,Question B,Not guaranteeing uninsured deposits at Silicon Valley Bank in full would have created substantial damage to the US economy.,,41,32,3,9,15,5,0,2,7,0.375000,0.156250,0.468750,0.218750,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.156250,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-03-29-US-EEP-Banking-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.130000,0.300000,0.430000,0.140000,0.000000,0.430000,0.140000,0.290000,0.140000
us-banking-crisis__question-c,us__banking-crisis,Banking Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banking-crisis/,US,2023-03-30,Banking; Finance and the Economy; Financial Crises; Financial Markets & Banking,Question C,Fully guaranteeing uninsured deposits at Silicon Valley Bank substantially increases banks’ incentives to engage in excessive risk-taking.,,41,32,4,13,9,6,0,2,7,0.531250,0.187500,0.281250,0.343750,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.187500,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-03-29-US-EEP-Banking-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.190000,0.440000,0.220000,0.150000,0.000000,0.630000,0.150000,0.480000,0.150000
europe-banking-crisis-2__question-a,europe__banking-crisis-2,Banking Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banking-crisis-2/,Europe,2023-03-30,Banking; Finance and the Economy; Financial Crises; Financial Markets & Banking,Question A,Financial regulators in the US and Europe lack the tools and authority to deter runs on banks by uninsured depositors.,,49,38,5,11,10,12,0,1,10,0.421053,0.315789,0.263158,0.105263,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.315789,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-03-29-Euro-EEP-Banking-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.150000,0.280000,0.230000,0.350000,0.000000,0.430000,0.350000,0.080000,0.350000
europe-banking-crisis-2__question-b,europe__banking-crisis-2,Banking Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banking-crisis-2/,Europe,2023-03-30,Banking; Finance and the Economy; Financial Crises; Financial Markets & Banking,Question B,Not guaranteeing uninsured deposits at Silicon Valley Bank in full would have created substantial damage to the US economy.,,49,38,1,13,18,6,0,1,10,0.368421,0.157895,0.473684,0.210526,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.157895,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-03-29-Euro-EEP-Banking-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.040000,0.320000,0.480000,0.160000,0.000000,0.360000,0.160000,0.200000,0.160000
europe-banking-crisis-2__question-c,europe__banking-crisis-2,Banking Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banking-crisis-2/,Europe,2023-03-30,Banking; Finance and the Economy; Financial Crises; Financial Markets & Banking,Question C,Fully guaranteeing uninsured deposits at Silicon Valley Bank substantially increases banks’ incentives to engage in excessive risk-taking.,,49,38,6,19,7,5,1,1,10,0.657895,0.157895,0.184211,0.500000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.157895,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-03-29-Euro-EEP-Banking-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.190000,0.460000,0.170000,0.150000,0.030000,0.650000,0.180000,0.470000,0.180000
finance-banking-crisis-3__question-a,finance__banking-crisis-3,Banking Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banking-crisis-3/,Finance,2023-03-30,Banking; Finance and the Economy; Financial Crises; Financial Markets & Banking,Question A,Financial regulators in the US and Europe lack the tools and authority to deter runs on banks by uninsured depositors.,,40,36,1,10,3,18,4,0,4,0.305556,0.611111,0.083333,-0.305556,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.305556,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-03-29-Finance-Banking-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.040000,0.260000,0.030000,0.520000,0.150000,0.300000,0.670000,-0.370000,0.300000
finance-banking-crisis-3__question-b,finance__banking-crisis-3,Banking Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banking-crisis-3/,Finance,2023-03-30,Banking; Finance and the Economy; Financial Crises; Financial Markets & Banking,Question B,Not guaranteeing uninsured deposits at Silicon Valley Bank in full would have created substantial damage to the US economy.,,40,36,4,10,10,8,4,0,4,0.388889,0.333333,0.277778,0.055556,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.333333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-03-29-Finance-Banking-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.150000,0.280000,0.200000,0.230000,0.140000,0.430000,0.370000,0.060000,0.370000
finance-banking-crisis-3__question-c,finance__banking-crisis-3,Banking Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banking-crisis-3/,Finance,2023-03-30,Banking; Finance and the Economy; Financial Crises; Financial Markets & Banking,Question C,Fully guaranteeing uninsured deposits at Silicon Valley Bank substantially increases banks’ incentives to engage in excessive risk-taking.,,40,36,5,18,4,8,1,0,4,0.638889,0.250000,0.111111,0.388889,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.250000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-03-29-Finance-Banking-Crisis.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.180000,0.470000,0.080000,0.230000,0.040000,0.650000,0.270000,0.380000,0.270000
us-steel-and-aluminum-tariffs__question-a,us__steel-and-aluminum-tariffs,Steel and Aluminum Tariffs,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/steel-and-aluminum-tariffs/,US,2018-03-12,International Trade & Exchange Rates; Social Policy & Society,Question A,Imposing new US tariffs on steel and aluminum will improve Americans’ welfare.,,43,40,0,0,0,12,28,0,3,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,-1.000000,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-03-12-US-EEP-Steel-and-Aluminium-Tariffs.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.240000,0.760000,0.000000,1.000000,-1.000000,0.000000
us-global-supply-chains__question-a,us__global-supply-chains,Global Supply Chains,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/global-supply-chains/,US,2022-01-25,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,Firms’ incentives to reduce costs by sourcing inputs and products abroad have caused many American industries to become more vulnerable to supply chain disruptions.,,43,40,1,32,5,2,0,0,3,0.825000,0.050000,0.125000,0.775000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.050000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-25-US-EEP-Global-Supply-Chains.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.030000,0.830000,0.060000,0.070000,0.000000,0.860000,0.070000,0.790000,0.070000
us-global-supply-chains__question-b,us__global-supply-chains,Global Supply Chains,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/global-supply-chains/,US,2022-01-25,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,Private firms have inadequate incentives to make investments to reduce the risk that disruptions in the supply of imports will cause shortages and raise domestic prices.,,43,40,1,18,11,8,2,0,3,0.475000,0.250000,0.275000,0.225000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.250000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-25-US-EEP-Global-Supply-Chains.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.470000,0.220000,0.210000,0.060000,0.510000,0.270000,0.240000,0.270000
us-global-supply-chains__question-c,us__global-supply-chains,Global Supply Chains,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/global-supply-chains/,US,2022-01-25,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question C,Global supply chain disruptions are the main driver of elevated US inflation over the past year.,,43,40,0,6,18,14,2,0,3,0.150000,0.400000,0.450000,-0.250000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.150000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-25-US-EEP-Global-Supply-Chains.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.150000,0.390000,0.390000,0.070000,0.150000,0.460000,-0.310000,0.150000
europe-auction-theory__question-a,europe__auction-theory,Auction Theory,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/auction-theory/,Europe,2020-10-21,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,The practical application of auction theory to the licensing of rights to use public assets like radiospectrum and other natural resources has generated substantially higher government revenues and better allocative efficiency worldwide than would have happened under previous arrangements.,,46,36,18,17,1,0,0,2,8,0.972222,0.000000,0.027778,0.972222,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020-10-21-Euro-EEP-Auction-Theory.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.610000,0.390000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-dollar-dominance__question-a,us__dollar-dominance,Dollar Dominance,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/dollar-dominance/,US,2023-04-11,Financial Markets & Banking; International Trade & Exchange Rates,Question A,"Use of the renminbi in world trade, as a reserve currency, and/or for foreign bond denomination is likely to increase substantially relative to the dollar over the next ten years.",,41,33,0,9,14,10,0,4,4,0.272727,0.303030,0.424242,-0.030303,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.272727,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2023-04-11-US-EEP-Dollar-Dominance.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Trade; International economics; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.190000,0.450000,0.360000,0.000000,0.190000,0.360000,-0.170000,0.190000
us-dollar-dominance__question-b,us__dollar-dominance,Dollar Dominance,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/dollar-dominance/,US,2023-04-11,Financial Markets & Banking; International Trade & Exchange Rates,Question B,"Ceteris paribus, a shift to a more multi-polar international monetary system would have substantial negative implications for the US economy.",,41,34,2,17,7,8,0,3,4,0.558824,0.235294,0.205882,0.323529,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.235294,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2023-04-11-US-EEP-Dollar-Dominance.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Trade; International economics; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.500000,0.150000,0.230000,0.000000,0.610000,0.230000,0.380000,0.230000
us-working-from-home-2__question-a,us__working-from-home-2,Working From Home,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/working-from-home-2/,US,2022-01-28,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Healthcare & Wellbeing; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,"Employees who spend two of their days each week working from home are, on average, likely to be more productive over the longer term.","The pandemic has led to a big shift to working from home among people in occupations where it is possible for the jobs or some part of them to be done remotely. There has been much debate about the extent to which such forms of working (or a hybrid model, with some hours done at home and some on business premises) will continue over the longer term. Key questions include the potential impact on employees’ productivity and their job satisfaction, and whether the career trajectories of women and men may be affected differently by a substantial increase in working from home. Read More...",43,39,0,7,27,5,0,2,2,0.179487,0.128205,0.692308,0.051282,Uncertain,Uncertain consensus,0.128205,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-28-US-EEP-Working-From-Home.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Healthcare; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.000000,0.190000,0.690000,0.110000,0.000000,0.190000,0.110000,0.080000,0.110000
us-working-from-home-2__question-b,us__working-from-home-2,Working From Home,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/working-from-home-2/,US,2022-01-28,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Healthcare & Wellbeing; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,"Employees who spend two of their days each week working from home are, on average, likely to report higher levels of job satisfaction over the longer term.","The pandemic has led to a big shift to working from home among people in occupations where it is possible for the jobs or some part of them to be done remotely. There has been much debate about the extent to which such forms of working (or a hybrid model, with some hours done at home and some on business premises) will continue over the longer term. Key questions include the potential impact on employees’ productivity and their job satisfaction, and whether the career trajectories of women and men may be affected differently by a substantial increase in working from home. Read More...",43,39,1,23,15,0,0,2,2,0.615385,0.000000,0.384615,0.615385,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-28-US-EEP-Working-From-Home.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Healthcare; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.050000,0.580000,0.370000,0.000000,0.000000,0.630000,0.000000,0.630000,0.000000
us-working-from-home-2__question-c,us__working-from-home-2,Working From Home,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/working-from-home-2/,US,2022-01-28,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Healthcare & Wellbeing; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question C,"Having the opportunity to work two to three days a week from home is, on average, like to be more beneficial for women’s career progression than for that of their male colleagues.","The pandemic has led to a big shift to working from home among people in occupations where it is possible for the jobs or some part of them to be done remotely. There has been much debate about the extent to which such forms of working (or a hybrid model, with some hours done at home and some on business premises) will continue over the longer term. Key questions include the potential impact on employees’ productivity and their job satisfaction, and whether the career trajectories of women and men may be affected differently by a substantial increase in working from home. Read More...",43,40,1,12,23,4,0,1,2,0.325000,0.100000,0.575000,0.225000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-28-US-EEP-Working-From-Home.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Healthcare; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.030000,0.300000,0.530000,0.150000,0.000000,0.330000,0.150000,0.180000,0.150000
us-wealth-taxes__question-a,us__wealth-taxes,Wealth Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/wealth-taxes/,US,2019-04-09,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,Senator Warren’s proposed wealth tax would be much more difficult to enforce than existing federal taxes because of difficulties of valuation and the ways by which the wealthy can under-report their true wealth.,"In January this year, Senator Elizabeth Warren unveiled a proposal to tax the wealth of the richest 0.1% of Americans. The proposed legislation to tax households with a net worth of $50 million or more draws on analysis by one of our US panel of economic experts – Emmanuel Saez at Berkeley – showing that the richest 0.1% has seen its share of American wealth more than triple from 7% to 22% since the late 1970s. Saez and colleagues have also made calculations of the potential impact of Senator Warren’s proposed tax. Read More...",41,37,9,21,4,3,0,1,3,0.810811,0.081081,0.108108,0.729730,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.081081,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-04-09-US-EEP-Wealth-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Inequality/redistribution; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.340000,0.480000,0.090000,0.090000,0.000000,0.820000,0.090000,0.730000,0.090000
us-wealth-taxes__question-b,us__wealth-taxes,Wealth Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/wealth-taxes/,US,2019-04-09,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"If successfully enforced, Senator Warren’s proposed wealth tax would substantially decrease the share of wealth going to the top 0.1% of wealth-holders after 20 years.","In January this year, Senator Elizabeth Warren unveiled a proposal to tax the wealth of the richest 0.1% of Americans. The proposed legislation to tax households with a net worth of $50 million or more draws on analysis by one of our US panel of economic experts – Emmanuel Saez at Berkeley – showing that the richest 0.1% has seen its share of American wealth more than triple from 7% to 22% since the late 1970s. Saez and colleagues have also made calculations of the potential impact of Senator Warren’s proposed tax. Read More...",41,35,4,19,9,2,1,3,3,0.657143,0.085714,0.257143,0.571429,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.085714,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-04-09-US-EEP-Wealth-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Inequality/redistribution; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.190000,0.540000,0.150000,0.060000,0.060000,0.730000,0.120000,0.610000,0.120000
us-wealth-taxes__question-c,us__wealth-taxes,Wealth Taxes,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/wealth-taxes/,US,2019-04-09,"Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,"A public policy goal that could be accomplished with a well-enforced wealth tax could be equally accomplished with modifications to existing federal taxes – for example, revising the estate tax and/or capital gains tax.","In January this year, Senator Elizabeth Warren unveiled a proposal to tax the wealth of the richest 0.1% of Americans. The proposed legislation to tax households with a net worth of $50 million or more draws on analysis by one of our US panel of economic experts – Emmanuel Saez at Berkeley – showing that the richest 0.1% has seen its share of American wealth more than triple from 7% to 22% since the late 1970s. Saez and colleagues have also made calculations of the potential impact of Senator Warren’s proposed tax. Read More...",41,36,4,14,7,11,0,2,3,0.500000,0.305556,0.194444,0.194444,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.305556,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019-04-09-US-EEP-Wealth-Taxes.csv,mixed,,Inequality/redistribution; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.130000,0.470000,0.130000,0.270000,0.000000,0.600000,0.270000,0.330000,0.270000
us-us-interest-rates__question-a,us__us-interest-rates,US Interest Rates,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/us-interest-rates/,US,2015-12-08,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,The Fed should raise its target interest rate when it meets in mid-December.,,42,35,2,18,7,8,0,3,4,0.571429,0.228571,0.200000,0.342857,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.228571,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-12-10-US-EEP-US-Interest-Rates.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.070000,0.580000,0.110000,0.240000,0.000000,0.650000,0.240000,0.410000,0.240000
us-us-interest-rates__question-b,us__us-interest-rates,US Interest Rates,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/us-interest-rates/,US,2015-12-08,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,"The Fed should have raised interest rates sooner, rather than leaving them near zero for this long.",,42,36,0,5,5,20,6,2,4,0.138889,0.722222,0.138889,-0.583333,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.138889,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-12-10-US-EEP-US-Interest-Rates.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.130000,0.100000,0.540000,0.230000,0.130000,0.770000,-0.640000,0.130000
europe-twitter-2__question-a,europe__twitter-2,Twitter,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/twitter-2/,Europe,2022-11-29,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Network externalities give Twitter an incumbent advantage that will slow substantially the migration of users who would prefer alternative platforms.,,49,41,16,22,1,2,0,2,6,0.926829,0.048780,0.024390,0.878049,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.048780,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-29-Euro-EEP-Twitter.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Immigration; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.470000,0.460000,0.020000,0.040000,0.000000,0.930000,0.040000,0.890000,0.040000
europe-twitter-2__question-b,europe__twitter-2,Twitter,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/twitter-2/,Europe,2022-11-29,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"As of now, there needs to be more government regulation around Twitter’s content moderation and personal data protection.",,49,42,9,21,7,4,1,1,6,0.714286,0.119048,0.166667,0.595238,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.119048,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-29-Euro-EEP-Twitter.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Immigration; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.240000,0.470000,0.170000,0.070000,0.040000,0.710000,0.110000,0.600000,0.110000
us-trade-barriers-for-sugar__question-a,us__trade-barriers-for-sugar,Trade Barriers for Sugar,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trade-barriers-for-sugar/,US,2012-08-27,Healthcare & Wellbeing; International Trade & Exchange Rates,Question A,The current trade barriers in the U.S. sugar industry raise the profits of sugar producers and make the typical U.S. consumer pay more for sugar and goods that use sugar as an input.,,39,34,18,15,1,0,0,0,5,0.970588,0.000000,0.029412,0.970588,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-08-27-US-EEP-Trade-Barriers-for-Sugar.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Trade; International economics,source,0.90,0.620000,0.360000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
us-the-cbo__question-a,us__the-cbo,The CBO,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-cbo/,US,2017-03-21,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,"Forecasting the effects of complex legislative actions is hard, so even competent, non-ideological and non-partisan projections could differ substantially from outcomes.",,42,39,27,12,0,0,0,0,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-03-21-US-EEP-The-CBO.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.740000,0.260000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-the-cbo__question-b,us__the-cbo,The CBO,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-cbo/,US,2017-03-21,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question B,"Adjusting for legal restrictions on what the CBO can assume about future legislation and events, the CBO has historically issued credible forecasts of the effects of both Democratic and Republican legislative proposals.",,42,37,11,24,2,0,0,2,3,0.945946,0.000000,0.054054,0.945946,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2017-03-21-US-EEP-The-CBO.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.360000,0.570000,0.070000,0.000000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000
us-small-firms__question-a,us__small-firms,Small Firms,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/small-firms/,US,2013-01-08,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity",Question A,The federal government would make the average U.S. citizen better off by using policies that directly focus more on increasing small business growth than growth of economic output overall.,,38,34,0,0,6,18,10,2,2,0.000000,0.823529,0.176471,-0.823529,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-01-08-US-EEP-Small-Firms.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.000000,0.000000,0.140000,0.500000,0.360000,0.000000,0.860000,-0.860000,0.000000
us-ranked-choice-voting__question-a,us__ranked-choice-voting,Ranked-Choice Voting,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ranked-choice-voting/,US,2018-12-18,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,"Rather than using second-round runoffs to settle elections in which no candidate wins a first-round majority, it would be better to use ranked-choice voting (as in the state of Maine) in which voters are encouraged to rank all of the candidates.",,43,36,10,16,7,3,0,2,5,0.722222,0.083333,0.194444,0.638889,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.083333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2018-12-18-US-EEP-Ranked-choice-Voting.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.380000,0.380000,0.120000,0.130000,0.000000,0.760000,0.130000,0.630000,0.130000
us-net-neutrality-ii__question-a,us__net-neutrality-ii,Net Neutrality II,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/net-neutrality-ii/,US,2014-05-06,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"Considering both distributional effects and changes in efficiency, it is a good idea to let companies that send video or other content to consumers pay more to Internet service providers for the right to send that traffic using faster or higher quality service.",,45,41,2,18,16,5,0,2,2,0.487805,0.121951,0.390244,0.365854,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.121951,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2014-05-06-US-EEP-Net-Neutrality-II.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.090000,0.360000,0.410000,0.140000,0.000000,0.450000,0.140000,0.310000,0.140000
us-net-neutrality__question-a,us__net-neutrality,Net Neutrality,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/net-neutrality/,US,2013-10-24,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Allowing Internet service providers to charge content companies for access to the ISPs' customers would provide net benefits to consumers.,,35,20,0,3,10,7,0,10,5,0.150000,0.350000,0.500000,-0.200000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.150000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2013-10-24-US-EEP-Net-Neutrality.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.090000,0.560000,0.350000,0.000000,0.090000,0.350000,-0.260000,0.090000
finance-discount-rates__question-a,finance__discount-rates,Discount Rates,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/discount-rates/,Finance,2023-04-18,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Investments",Question A,"Despite the empirical failures of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in explaining expected stock returns, a shareholder-value maximizing publicly-traded firm should still use the CAPM to calculate the cost of equity in capital budgeting.",,39,31,0,8,12,10,1,0,8,0.258065,0.354839,0.387097,-0.096774,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.258065,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2023-04-18-Finance-Discount-Rates.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.270000,0.380000,0.330000,0.030000,0.270000,0.360000,-0.090000,0.270000
finance-discount-rates__question-b,finance__discount-rates,Discount Rates,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/discount-rates/,Finance,2023-04-18,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Investments",Question B,The equity risk premium that U.S. publicly traded firms should use in cost of equity calculations in April 2023 is above 6%.,,39,31,0,2,11,14,4,0,8,0.064516,0.580645,0.354839,-0.516129,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.064516,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2023-04-18-Finance-Discount-Rates.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.040000,0.380000,0.410000,0.170000,0.040000,0.580000,-0.540000,0.040000
europe-frances-retirement-age__question-a,europe__frances-retirement-age,France’s Retirement Age,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/frances-retirement-age/,Europe,2023-04-20,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,Preserving the financial viability of France's state pension system is better achieved by raising the effective retirement age than by raising contributions while working.,,50,40,14,22,2,2,0,1,9,0.900000,0.050000,0.050000,0.850000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.050000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2023-04-20-Euro-EEP-Frances-Retirement-Age.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.410000,0.490000,0.050000,0.040000,0.000000,0.900000,0.040000,0.860000,0.040000
europe-frances-retirement-age__question-b,europe__frances-retirement-age,France’s Retirement Age,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/frances-retirement-age/,Europe,2023-04-20,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,Preserving the financial viability of France's state pension system is better achieved by raising the effective retirement age than by reducing benefits once retired.,,50,40,9,24,5,2,0,1,9,0.825000,0.050000,0.125000,0.775000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.050000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2023-04-20-Euro-EEP-Frances-Retirement-Age.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.260000,0.580000,0.120000,0.050000,0.000000,0.840000,0.050000,0.790000,0.050000
europe-ai-and-productivity-growth__question-a,europe__ai-and-productivity-growth,AI and Productivity Growth,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-productivity-growth/,Europe,2023-04-27,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Use of artificial intelligence over the next ten years will lead to a substantial increase in the growth rates of real per capita income in the US and Western Europe over the subsequent two decades.,,50,39,1,16,21,0,1,0,11,0.435897,0.025641,0.538462,0.410256,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2023-04-27-Euro-EEP-AI-and-Productivity-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.030000,0.400000,0.530000,0.000000,0.050000,0.430000,0.050000,0.380000,0.050000
europe-ai-and-productivity-growth__question-b,europe__ai-and-productivity-growth,AI and Productivity Growth,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-productivity-growth/,Europe,2023-04-27,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Use of artificial intelligence over the next ten years will have a substantially bigger impact on the growth rates of real per capita income in the US and Western Europe over the subsequent two decades than the internet has had over the past two decades.,,50,39,0,5,31,3,0,0,11,0.128205,0.076923,0.794872,0.051282,Uncertain,Uncertain consensus,0.076923,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2023-04-27-Euro-EEP-AI-and-Productivity-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.150000,0.760000,0.090000,0.000000,0.150000,0.090000,0.060000,0.090000
us-ai-and-productivity-growth-2__question-a,us__ai-and-productivity-growth-2,AI and Productivity Growth,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-productivity-growth-2/,US,2023-04-27,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Use of artificial intelligence over the next ten years will lead to a substantial increase in the growth rates of real per capita income in the US and Western Europe over the subsequent two decades.,,41,38,0,18,19,1,0,0,3,0.473684,0.026316,0.500000,0.447368,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2023-04-27-US-EEP-AI-and-Productivity-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.460000,0.500000,0.040000,0.000000,0.460000,0.040000,0.420000,0.040000
us-ai-and-productivity-growth-2__question-b,us__ai-and-productivity-growth-2,AI and Productivity Growth,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-productivity-growth-2/,US,2023-04-27,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Use of artificial intelligence over the next ten years will have a substantially bigger impact on the growth rates of real per capita income in the US and Western Europe over the subsequent two decades than the internet has had over the past two decades.,,41,38,0,8,25,5,0,0,3,0.210526,0.131579,0.657895,0.078947,Uncertain,Uncertain consensus,0.131579,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2023-04-27-US-EEP-AI-and-Productivity-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.200000,0.690000,0.110000,0.000000,0.200000,0.110000,0.090000,0.110000
us-tiktok__question-a,us__tiktok,TikTok,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tiktok/,US,2023-05-09,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"If enacted and technologically effective, a national ban on the use of TikTok would have a measurably negative impact on US innovation.",,41,32,0,3,9,19,1,3,6,0.093750,0.625000,0.281250,-0.531250,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.093750,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2023-05-09-US-EEP-TikTok.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.030000,0.280000,0.630000,0.060000,0.030000,0.690000,-0.660000,0.030000
us-tiktok__question-b,us__tiktok,TikTok,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tiktok/,US,2023-05-09,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,"If enacted and technologically effective, a national ban on the use of TikTok would have a measurably positive impact on the profits of the big US tech companies.",,41,33,0,19,7,7,0,2,6,0.575758,0.212121,0.212121,0.363636,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.212121,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2023-05-09-US-EEP-TikTok.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.540000,0.250000,0.210000,0.000000,0.540000,0.210000,0.330000,0.210000
europe-ai-innovation-and-society__question-a,europe__ai-innovation-and-society,"AI, Innovation and Society",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-innovation-and-society/,Europe,2023-05-17,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"If countries could impose a ban on the use of ChatGPT and similar generative AI chatbot services that is technologically effective, they would experience a measurably negative impact on national innovation.",,50,39,7,24,7,1,0,1,10,0.794872,0.025641,0.179487,0.769231,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2023-05-17-Euro-EEP-AI-Innovation-and-Society.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.220000,0.650000,0.100000,0.020000,0.000000,0.870000,0.020000,0.850000,0.020000
europe-ai-innovation-and-society__question-b,europe__ai-innovation-and-society,"AI, Innovation and Society",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-innovation-and-society/,Europe,2023-05-17,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,"Regardless of whether advances in AI spur productivity growth, they are likely to create deep challenges for society – in areas from labor markets to politics, and including disinformation, privacy, crime, and warfare – that will be difficult to anticipate, plan for, and contain.",,50,39,14,21,4,0,0,1,10,0.897436,0.000000,0.102564,0.897436,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2023-05-17-Euro-EEP-AI-Innovation-and-Society.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.430000,0.490000,0.080000,0.000000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000
finance-banks-business-model__question-a,finance__banks-business-model,Banks’ Business Model,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banks-business-model/,Finance,2023-05-17,Banking; Financial Regulation,Question A,"Since maturity transformation is an inherent feature of commercial banks' business model, some duration mismatch between assets and liabilities is unavoidable.",,39,30,6,15,1,8,0,0,9,0.700000,0.266667,0.033333,0.433333,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.266667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2023-05-17-Finance-Banks-Business-Model.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.220000,0.450000,0.040000,0.280000,0.000000,0.670000,0.280000,0.390000,0.280000
finance-banks-business-model__question-b,finance__banks-business-model,Banks’ Business Model,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/banks-business-model/,Finance,2023-05-17,Banking; Financial Regulation,Question B,"For the purposes of capital regulation, banks should be required to mark their holdings of Treasury and Agency securities to market at all times (even though their loans are not marked to market).",,39,30,5,14,8,3,0,0,9,0.633333,0.100000,0.266667,0.533333,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2023-05-17-Finance-Banks-Business-Model.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.210000,0.430000,0.280000,0.080000,0.000000,0.640000,0.080000,0.560000,0.080000
us-expectations-policy-and-growth__question-a,us__expectations-policy-and-growth,"Expectations, Policy and Growth",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/expectations-policy-and-growth/,US,2023-05-31,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"When evaluating the consequences of any shifts in economic policy regimes, it is essential to consider potential changes in the behavior of economic agents due to revised expectations.",,41,36,27,8,0,0,1,0,5,0.972222,0.027778,0.000000,0.944444,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.027778,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2023-05-31-US-EEP-Expectations-Policy-and-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.780000,0.190000,0.000000,0.000000,0.030000,0.970000,0.030000,0.940000,0.030000
us-expectations-policy-and-growth__question-b,us__expectations-policy-and-growth,"Expectations, Policy and Growth",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/expectations-policy-and-growth/,US,2023-05-31,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,The empirical evidence on how monetary policy affects the economy in the short run is most consistent with the assumption that economic agents form rational expectations.,,41,30,0,6,15,8,1,6,5,0.200000,0.300000,0.500000,-0.100000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.200000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2023-05-31-US-EEP-Expectations-Policy-and-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.190000,0.430000,0.320000,0.060000,0.190000,0.380000,-0.190000,0.190000
us-expectations-policy-and-growth__question-c,us__expectations-policy-and-growth,"Expectations, Policy and Growth",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/expectations-policy-and-growth/,US,2023-05-31,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question C,Economic research has established that the welfare consequences of differences in countries’ growth and level of development are substantially higher than the welfare costs of business cycles.,,41,34,12,17,3,2,0,2,5,0.852941,0.058824,0.088235,0.794118,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.058824,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2023-05-31-US-EEP-Expectations-Policy-and-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.430000,0.460000,0.070000,0.050000,0.000000,0.890000,0.050000,0.840000,0.050000
finance-esg-factors__question-a,finance__esg-factors,ESG Factors,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/esg-factors/,Finance,2023-06-07,Financial Regulation; Investment Management,Question A,"Regulation that allows state pension funds to consider environmental, social, and governance factors in investment decisions only if these factors are material for risk and expected return would make retirees measurably worse off.",,39,33,0,4,12,13,4,1,5,0.121212,0.515152,0.363636,-0.393939,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.121212,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-06-07-Finance-ESG-Factors.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.110000,0.290000,0.470000,0.130000,0.110000,0.600000,-0.490000,0.110000
finance-esg-factors__question-b,finance__esg-factors,ESG Factors,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/esg-factors/,Finance,2023-06-07,Financial Regulation; Investment Management,Question B,"Regulation that prevents state pension funds from considering environmental, social, and governance factors in investment decisions even if these factors are material for risk and expected return would make retirees measurably worse off.",,39,33,7,20,2,4,0,1,5,0.818182,0.121212,0.060606,0.696970,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.121212,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-06-07-Finance-ESG-Factors.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.270000,0.570000,0.050000,0.110000,0.000000,0.840000,0.110000,0.730000,0.110000
europe-greedflation__question-a,europe__greedflation,Greedflation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/greedflation/,Europe,2023-06-08,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,A significant factor behind today’s inflation in Europe is dominant corporations in uncompetitive markets taking advantage of their market power to raise prices in order to increase their profit margins.,,50,36,0,7,12,16,1,0,14,0.194444,0.472222,0.333333,-0.277778,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.194444,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-06-08-Euro-EEP-Greedflation.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.210000,0.300000,0.480000,0.020000,0.210000,0.500000,-0.290000,0.210000
europe-greedflation__question-b,europe__greedflation,Greedflation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/greedflation/,Europe,2023-06-08,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,A significant factor behind today’s inflation in some sectors of the European economy is dominant corporations in uncompetitive markets taking advantage of their market power to raise prices in order to increase their profit margins.,,50,36,1,11,16,7,1,0,14,0.333333,0.222222,0.444444,0.111111,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.222222,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-06-08-Euro-EEP-Greedflation.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.030000,0.330000,0.380000,0.230000,0.030000,0.360000,0.260000,0.100000,0.260000
europe-greedflation__question-c,europe__greedflation,Greedflation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/greedflation/,Europe,2023-06-08,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,A significant factor behind today’s inflation in some sectors of the European economy (both competitive and concentrated) is distortions in the aggregate economy where supply does not meet demand.,,50,34,2,18,9,4,1,2,14,0.588235,0.147059,0.264706,0.441176,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.147059,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-06-08-Euro-EEP-Greedflation.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.070000,0.560000,0.230000,0.110000,0.030000,0.630000,0.140000,0.490000,0.140000
us-junk-fees__question-a,us__junk-fees,Junk Fees,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/junk-fees/,US,2023-06-21,"Financial Regulation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"An $8 cap on late fees for credit cards, as proposed by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, would lead to a substantial reduction in overall costs for consumers.",,41,36,1,16,10,9,0,0,5,0.472222,0.250000,0.277778,0.222222,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.250000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-06-21-US-EEP-Junk-Fees.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.050000,0.370000,0.310000,0.270000,0.000000,0.420000,0.270000,0.150000,0.270000
us-junk-fees__question-b,us__junk-fees,Junk Fees,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/junk-fees/,US,2023-06-21,"Financial Regulation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"Requiring that all credit card fees and interest rates be transparent, prominently displayed, and easily searchable online would lead to a substantial reduction in overall costs for consumers.",,41,36,2,17,12,5,0,0,5,0.527778,0.138889,0.333333,0.388889,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.138889,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-06-21-US-EEP-Junk-Fees.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.080000,0.460000,0.300000,0.160000,0.000000,0.540000,0.160000,0.380000,0.160000
us-junk-fees__question-c,us__junk-fees,Junk Fees,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/junk-fees/,US,2023-06-21,"Financial Regulation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,Consumers would be measurably better off if efforts to reduce the impact of so-called ‘junk fees’ across the economy concentrated on making fees more transparent than on capping specific types of fees.,,41,35,2,11,14,8,0,1,5,0.371429,0.228571,0.400000,0.142857,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.228571,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-06-21-US-EEP-Junk-Fees.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.090000,0.290000,0.380000,0.240000,0.000000,0.380000,0.240000,0.140000,0.240000
europe-doom-loops-and-europes-financial-system__question-a,europe__doom-loops-and-europes-financial-system,Doom Loops and Europe’s Financial System,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/doom-loops-and-europes-financial-system/,Europe,2019-05-22,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,Breaking the “doom loop” — a negative spiral that can result when banks hold sovereign bonds and governments bail out banks — would increase the stability of European economies in the event of another financial crisis.,,50,36,18,16,2,0,0,4,10,0.944444,0.000000,0.055556,0.944444,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-05-22-Euro-EEP-Doom-Loops-and-Financial-Europeans-System.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Political economy,mixed,0.80,0.550000,0.430000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
europe-doom-loops-and-europes-financial-system__question-b,europe__doom-loops-and-europes-financial-system,Doom Loops and Europe’s Financial System,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/doom-loops-and-europes-financial-system/,Europe,2019-05-22,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,Regulators should try to break the doom loop by assigning positive risk weights — in calculating banks’ capital requirements — to banks’ holdings of domestic and other Eurozone sovereign bonds.,,50,35,8,17,5,4,1,5,10,0.714286,0.142857,0.142857,0.571429,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.142857,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-05-22-Euro-EEP-Doom-Loops-and-Financial-Europeans-System.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Political economy,mixed,0.80,0.240000,0.470000,0.130000,0.130000,0.030000,0.710000,0.160000,0.550000,0.160000
europe-doom-loops-and-europes-financial-system__question-c,europe__doom-loops-and-europes-financial-system,Doom Loops and Europe’s Financial System,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/doom-loops-and-europes-financial-system/,Europe,2019-05-22,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question C,Breaking the doom loop would impose substantial costs on powerful political constituencies.,,50,34,4,16,10,4,0,6,10,0.588235,0.117647,0.294118,0.470588,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.117647,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-05-22-Euro-EEP-Doom-Loops-and-Financial-Europeans-System.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Political economy,mixed,0.80,0.160000,0.460000,0.260000,0.130000,0.000000,0.620000,0.130000,0.490000,0.130000
finance-commercial-real-estate__question-a,finance__commercial-real-estate,Commercial Real Estate,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/commercial-real-estate/,Finance,2023-07-06,"Banking; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Investments",Question A,The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on working and shopping habits has not been fully priced into current private valuations of downtown commercial properties in major cities.,,39,29,2,13,10,4,0,2,8,0.517241,0.137931,0.344828,0.379310,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.137931,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-06-Finance-Commercial-Real-Estate.csv,mixed,,Banking; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Financial regulation; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.100000,0.460000,0.280000,0.160000,0.000000,0.560000,0.160000,0.400000,0.160000
finance-commercial-real-estate__question-b,finance__commercial-real-estate,Commercial Real Estate,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/commercial-real-estate/,Finance,2023-07-06,"Banking; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Investments",Question B,A continued fall in commercial real estate valuations would trigger another round of banking panic.,,39,31,1,7,18,5,0,0,8,0.258065,0.161290,0.580645,0.096774,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.161290,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-06-Finance-Commercial-Real-Estate.csv,mixed,,Banking; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Financial regulation; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.270000,0.530000,0.160000,0.000000,0.310000,0.160000,0.150000,0.160000
europe-non-bank-financial-intermediaries__question-a,europe__non-bank-financial-intermediaries,Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/non-bank-financial-intermediaries/,Europe,2023-07-06,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Non-bank financial intermediaries pose a substantial threat to financial stability.,,50,34,5,21,5,3,0,2,14,0.764706,0.088235,0.147059,0.676471,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.088235,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-07-06-Euro-EEP-Non-Bank-Financial-Intermediaries.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Monetary policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.220000,0.560000,0.120000,0.110000,0.000000,0.780000,0.110000,0.670000,0.110000
europe-non-bank-financial-intermediaries__question-b,europe__non-bank-financial-intermediaries,Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/non-bank-financial-intermediaries/,Europe,2023-07-06,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,Regulating the leverage and liquidity of non-bank financial intermediaries would substantially improve financial stability.,,50,34,5,20,7,1,1,2,14,0.735294,0.058824,0.205882,0.676471,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.058824,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-07-06-Euro-EEP-Non-Bank-Financial-Intermediaries.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Monetary policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.200000,0.570000,0.160000,0.040000,0.040000,0.770000,0.080000,0.690000,0.080000
europe-non-bank-financial-intermediaries__question-c,europe__non-bank-financial-intermediaries,Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/non-bank-financial-intermediaries/,Europe,2023-07-06,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,"Given current regulations, non-bank financial intermediaries should not have access to central bank support.",,50,34,5,11,14,4,0,2,14,0.470588,0.117647,0.411765,0.352941,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.117647,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-07-06-Euro-EEP-Non-Bank-Financial-Intermediaries.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Monetary policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.220000,0.320000,0.330000,0.130000,0.000000,0.540000,0.130000,0.410000,0.130000
us-non-bank-financial-intermediaries-2__question-a,us__non-bank-financial-intermediaries-2,Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/non-bank-financial-intermediaries-2/,US,2023-07-07,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Non-bank financial intermediaries pose a substantial threat to financial stability.,,41,31,3,25,2,1,0,3,7,0.903226,0.032258,0.064516,0.870968,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.032258,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-07-US-EEP-Non-Bank-Financial-Intermediaries.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Monetary policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.100000,0.810000,0.080000,0.010000,0.000000,0.910000,0.010000,0.900000,0.010000
us-non-bank-financial-intermediaries-2__question-b,us__non-bank-financial-intermediaries-2,Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/non-bank-financial-intermediaries-2/,US,2023-07-07,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,Regulating the leverage and liquidity of non-bank financial intermediaries would substantially improve financial stability.,,41,31,2,20,9,0,0,3,7,0.709677,0.000000,0.290323,0.709677,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-07-US-EEP-Non-Bank-Financial-Intermediaries.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Monetary policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.100000,0.610000,0.290000,0.000000,0.000000,0.710000,0.000000,0.710000,0.000000
us-non-bank-financial-intermediaries-2__question-c,us__non-bank-financial-intermediaries-2,Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/non-bank-financial-intermediaries-2/,US,2023-07-07,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,"Given current regulations, non-bank financial intermediaries should not have access to central bank support.",,41,30,0,11,13,6,0,4,7,0.366667,0.200000,0.433333,0.166667,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.200000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-07-US-EEP-Non-Bank-Financial-Intermediaries.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Monetary policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.400000,0.400000,0.200000,0.000000,0.400000,0.200000,0.200000,0.200000
finance-new-money-market-fund-rules__question-a,finance__new-money-market-fund-rules,New Money Market Fund Rules,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/new-money-market-fund-rules/,Finance,2023-07-28,Financial Regulation; Investment Management,Question A,"New Money Market Fund (MMF) Rules: The SEC adopted amendments to the MMF rules, including a new mandatory liquidity fee for institutional prime and tax-exempt funds. The liquidity fee would trigger when daily net redemptions exceed five percent and when the costs associated with such redemptions are more than de minimus. https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2023-129 The new liquidity fee will substantially reduce the likelihood of runs on MMFs.",,39,24,0,6,13,4,1,3,12,0.250000,0.208333,0.541667,0.041667,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.208333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-28-Finance-New-Money-Market-Fund-Rules.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.310000,0.480000,0.140000,0.070000,0.310000,0.210000,0.100000,0.210000
finance-new-money-market-fund-rules__question-b,finance__new-money-market-fund-rules,New Money Market Fund Rules,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/new-money-market-fund-rules/,Finance,2023-07-28,Financial Regulation; Investment Management,Question B,The new liquidity fee will cause a substantial shift of assets under management from institutional prime and tax-exempt funds to government MMFs (which are exempt from the fees).,,39,24,2,7,8,7,0,3,12,0.375000,0.291667,0.333333,0.083333,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.291667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-28-Finance-New-Money-Market-Fund-Rules.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.130000,0.340000,0.270000,0.260000,0.000000,0.470000,0.260000,0.210000,0.260000
us-fiscal-rules__question-a,us__fiscal-rules,Fiscal Rules,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fiscal-rules/,US,2023-07-31,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,Fiscal rules on budget deficits and public debt levels are an essential part of a sound fiscal framework.,,41,31,3,12,12,4,0,1,9,0.483871,0.129032,0.387097,0.354839,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.129032,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-31-US-EEP-Fiscal-Rules.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.170000,0.380000,0.320000,0.130000,0.000000,0.550000,0.130000,0.420000,0.130000
us-fiscal-rules__question-b,us__fiscal-rules,Fiscal Rules,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fiscal-rules/,US,2023-07-31,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"Since the inception of the Stability and Growth Pact, budget deficits in Europe have been measurably lower, on average, than would have been the case without common budget rules.",,41,24,1,16,6,1,0,8,9,0.708333,0.041667,0.250000,0.666667,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.041667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-31-US-EEP-Fiscal-Rules.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.090000,0.650000,0.220000,0.040000,0.000000,0.740000,0.040000,0.700000,0.040000
us-fiscal-rules__question-c,us__fiscal-rules,Fiscal Rules,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fiscal-rules/,US,2023-07-31,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,"Since the inception of the Stability and Growth Pact, the path of GDP growth in Europe has been measurably more stable than would have been the case without common budget rules.",,41,24,0,5,15,4,0,8,9,0.208333,0.166667,0.625000,0.041667,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.166667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-31-US-EEP-Fiscal-Rules.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.220000,0.600000,0.180000,0.000000,0.220000,0.180000,0.040000,0.180000
europe-fiscal-rules-2__question-a,europe__fiscal-rules-2,Fiscal Rules,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fiscal-rules-2/,Europe,2023-07-31,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,Fiscal rules on budget deficits and public debt levels are an essential part of a sound fiscal framework.,,50,34,6,16,4,8,0,3,13,0.647059,0.235294,0.117647,0.411765,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.235294,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-31-Euro-EEP-Fiscal-Rules.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.210000,0.430000,0.110000,0.250000,0.000000,0.640000,0.250000,0.390000,0.250000
europe-fiscal-rules-2__question-b,europe__fiscal-rules-2,Fiscal Rules,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fiscal-rules-2/,Europe,2023-07-31,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"Since the inception of the Stability and Growth Pact, budget deficits in Europe have been measurably lower, on average, than would have been the case without common budget rules.",,50,34,1,16,13,4,0,3,13,0.500000,0.117647,0.382353,0.382353,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.117647,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-31-Euro-EEP-Fiscal-Rules.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.020000,0.500000,0.340000,0.140000,0.000000,0.520000,0.140000,0.380000,0.140000
europe-fiscal-rules-2__question-c,europe__fiscal-rules-2,Fiscal Rules,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fiscal-rules-2/,Europe,2023-07-31,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,"Since the inception of the Stability and Growth Pact, the path of GDP growth in Europe has been measurably more stable than would have been the case without common budget rules.",,50,33,0,4,18,10,1,4,13,0.121212,0.333333,0.545455,-0.212121,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.121212,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-07-31-Euro-EEP-Fiscal-Rules.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.120000,0.500000,0.340000,0.050000,0.120000,0.390000,-0.270000,0.120000
europe-europes-environmental-taxonomy__question-a,europe__europes-environmental-taxonomy,Europe’s Environmental Taxonomy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/europes-environmental-taxonomy/,Europe,2023-09-07,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,The EU's taxonomy for sustainable activities - a classification system that defines criteria for economic activities that are aligned with a net zero trajectory by 2050 and the broader environmental goals other than climate - is an effective way to steer greener investment and the energy transition by firms and financial institutions. Details on the taxonomy are here: https://finance.ec.europa.eu/sustainable-finance/tools-and-standards/eu-taxonomy-sustainable-activities_en,,50,34,0,10,18,5,1,2,14,0.294118,0.176471,0.529412,0.117647,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.176471,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-07-Euro-EEP-Europes-Environmental-Taxonomy.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.370000,0.410000,0.180000,0.040000,0.370000,0.220000,0.150000,0.220000
europe-europes-environmental-taxonomy__question-b,europe__europes-environmental-taxonomy,Europe’s Environmental Taxonomy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/europes-environmental-taxonomy/,Europe,2023-09-07,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,"Use of the EU taxonomy for sustainable activities is likely to stifle important innovations, including in green technology.",,50,33,0,4,21,7,1,3,14,0.121212,0.242424,0.636364,-0.121212,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.121212,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-07-Euro-EEP-Europes-Environmental-Taxonomy.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.160000,0.590000,0.220000,0.030000,0.160000,0.250000,-0.090000,0.160000
europe-europes-environmental-taxonomy__question-c,europe__europes-environmental-taxonomy,Europe’s Environmental Taxonomy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/europes-environmental-taxonomy/,Europe,2023-09-07,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,"On balance, use of the taxonomy in EU directives and regulation is likely to be net beneficial to European citizens.",,50,33,0,11,17,4,1,3,14,0.333333,0.151515,0.515152,0.181818,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.151515,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-07-Euro-EEP-Europes-Environmental-Taxonomy.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.420000,0.370000,0.160000,0.050000,0.420000,0.210000,0.210000,0.210000
finance-enhanced-regulation-of-private-fund-advisers__question-a,finance__enhanced-regulation-of-private-fund-advisers,Enhanced Regulation of Private Fund Advisers,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/enhanced-regulation-of-private-fund-advisers/,Finance,2023-09-14,Financial Regulation; Investment Management,Question A,SEC Announcement: https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2023-155 The benefits of the new SEC rules on private funds - which require private funds to provide transparency to their investors regarding the fees and expenses and other terms of their relationship with private fund advisers and the performance of such private funds - substantially exceed their costs.,,39,29,4,10,3,10,2,1,9,0.482759,0.413793,0.103448,0.068966,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.413793,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-Finance-Enhanced-Regulation-of-Private-Fund-Advisers.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,mixed,0.80,0.180000,0.320000,0.090000,0.330000,0.080000,0.500000,0.410000,0.090000,0.410000
finance-enhanced-regulation-of-private-fund-advisers__question-b,finance__enhanced-regulation-of-private-fund-advisers,Enhanced Regulation of Private Fund Advisers,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/enhanced-regulation-of-private-fund-advisers/,Finance,2023-09-14,Financial Regulation; Investment Management,Question B,The new SEC rules will have a substantially negative impact on the industry by stifling capital formation and reducing competition.,,39,27,0,1,5,19,2,3,9,0.037037,0.777778,0.185185,-0.740741,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.037037,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-Finance-Enhanced-Regulation-of-Private-Fund-Advisers.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.040000,0.200000,0.660000,0.100000,0.040000,0.760000,-0.720000,0.040000
finance-enhanced-regulation-of-private-fund-advisers__question-c,finance__enhanced-regulation-of-private-fund-advisers,Enhanced Regulation of Private Fund Advisers,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/enhanced-regulation-of-private-fund-advisers/,Finance,2023-09-14,Financial Regulation; Investment Management,Question C,It is appropriate policy for the SEC to impose such rules on private funds even though the investors (limited partners) are sophisticated entities.,,39,29,2,17,2,6,2,1,9,0.655172,0.275862,0.068966,0.379310,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.275862,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-Finance-Enhanced-Regulation-of-Private-Fund-Advisers.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,mixed,0.80,0.090000,0.580000,0.050000,0.190000,0.080000,0.670000,0.270000,0.400000,0.270000
europe-debt-sustainability-2__question-a,europe__debt-sustainability-2,Debt Sustainability,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/debt-sustainability-2/,Europe,2023-09-14,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"Debt Sustainability Debt sustainability analysis – for example, as practiced currently by the International Monetary Fund – substantially improves the ability to predict future sovereign debt crises. Details on IMF debt sustainability analysis are here: https://www.imf.org/en/About/Factsheets/Sheets/2023/imf-world-bank-debt-sustainability-framework-for-low-income-countries",,50,28,2,16,5,3,2,7,15,0.642857,0.178571,0.178571,0.464286,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.178571,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-Euro-EEP-Debt-Sustainability.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Monetary policy; Banking; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.090000,0.540000,0.170000,0.090000,0.110000,0.630000,0.200000,0.430000,0.200000
europe-debt-sustainability-2__question-b,europe__debt-sustainability-2,Debt Sustainability,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/debt-sustainability-2/,Europe,2023-09-14,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,The European Commission’s proposed move from the existing EU fiscal rules to ones based on debt sustainability analysis would be a measurable improvement. Details on the EU’s propose fiscal rules are here: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_2393,,50,31,2,19,6,3,1,4,15,0.677419,0.129032,0.193548,0.548387,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.129032,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-Euro-EEP-Debt-Sustainability.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Monetary policy; Banking; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.100000,0.610000,0.150000,0.100000,0.050000,0.710000,0.150000,0.560000,0.150000
europe-debt-sustainability-2__question-c,europe__debt-sustainability-2,Debt Sustainability,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/debt-sustainability-2/,Europe,2023-09-14,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question C,A move from the existing fiscal rules to independent fiscal councils would be more effective than a move to rules based on debt sustainability. Details on the EU’s propose fiscal rules are here: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_2393,,50,29,3,11,11,3,1,6,15,0.482759,0.137931,0.379310,0.344828,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.137931,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-Euro-EEP-Debt-Sustainability.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Monetary policy; Banking; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.130000,0.350000,0.350000,0.130000,0.040000,0.480000,0.170000,0.310000,0.170000
us-policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures__question-a,us__policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures,Policy Responses to Recent Bank Failures,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures/,US,2023-09-14,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,Policy Responses to Recent Bank Failures The response to recent bank failures should be to: Expand central banks’ lender of last resort facilities for banks.,,41,26,0,12,6,8,0,4,11,0.461538,0.307692,0.230769,0.153846,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.307692,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-US-EEP-Policy-Responses-to-Recent-Bank-Failures.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.520000,0.140000,0.340000,0.000000,0.520000,0.340000,0.180000,0.340000
us-policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures__question-b,us__policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures,Policy Responses to Recent Bank Failures,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures/,US,2023-09-14,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,The response to recent bank failures should be to: Substantially increase the limit on bank deposit insurance.,,41,28,0,12,8,8,0,2,11,0.428571,0.285714,0.285714,0.142857,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.285714,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-US-EEP-Policy-Responses-to-Recent-Bank-Failures.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.460000,0.220000,0.330000,0.000000,0.460000,0.330000,0.130000,0.330000
us-policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures__question-c,us__policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures,Policy Responses to Recent Bank Failures,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures/,US,2023-09-14,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question C,The response to recent bank failures should be to: Substantially increase bank capital requirements.,,41,28,2,21,5,0,0,2,11,0.821429,0.000000,0.178571,0.821429,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-US-EEP-Policy-Responses-to-Recent-Bank-Failures.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.130000,0.790000,0.080000,0.000000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000
us-policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures__question-d,us__policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures,Policy Responses to Recent Bank Failures,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures/,US,2023-09-14,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question D,The response to recent bank failures should be to: Use market values of all traded assets to compute banks’ regulatory capital.,,41,24,4,7,9,4,0,6,11,0.458333,0.166667,0.375000,0.291667,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.166667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-US-EEP-Policy-Responses-to-Recent-Bank-Failures.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.270000,0.290000,0.310000,0.130000,0.000000,0.560000,0.130000,0.430000,0.130000
us-debt-sustainability__question-a,us__debt-sustainability,Debt Sustainability,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/debt-sustainability/,US,2023-09-14,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"Debt Sustainability Debt sustainability analysis – for example, as practiced currently by the International Monetary Fund – substantially improves the ability to predict future sovereign debt crises. Details on IMF debt sustainability analysis are here: https://www.imf.org/en/About/Factsheets/Sheets/2023/imf-world-bank-debt-sustainability-framework-for-low-income-countries",,41,25,0,12,12,1,0,5,11,0.480000,0.040000,0.480000,0.440000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.040000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-US-EEP-Debt-Sustainability.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Monetary policy; Banking; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.440000,0.530000,0.030000,0.000000,0.440000,0.030000,0.410000,0.030000
us-debt-sustainability__question-b,us__debt-sustainability,Debt Sustainability,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/debt-sustainability/,US,2023-09-14,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,The European Commission’s proposed move from the existing EU fiscal rules to ones based on debt sustainability analysis would be a measurable improvement. Details on the EU’s propose fiscal rules are here: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_2393,,41,23,0,14,7,2,0,7,11,0.608696,0.086957,0.304348,0.521739,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.086957,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-US-EEP-Debt-Sustainability.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Monetary policy; Banking; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.630000,0.240000,0.130000,0.000000,0.630000,0.130000,0.500000,0.130000
us-debt-sustainability__question-c,us__debt-sustainability,Debt Sustainability,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/debt-sustainability/,US,2023-09-14,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question C,A move from the existing fiscal rules to independent fiscal councils would be more effective than a move to rules based on debt sustainability. Details on the EU’s propose fiscal rules are here: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_2393,,41,21,1,6,14,0,0,9,11,0.333333,0.000000,0.666667,0.333333,Uncertain,Uncertain consensus,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-US-EEP-Debt-Sustainability.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Monetary policy; Banking; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.350000,0.530000,0.000000,0.000000,0.460000,0.000000,0.460000,0.000000
europe-policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures-2__question-a,europe__policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures-2,Policy Responses to Recent Bank Failures,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures-2/,Europe,2023-09-15,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,Policy Responses to Recent Bank Failures The response to recent bank failures should be to: Expand central banks’ lender of last resort facilities for banks.,,50,33,0,8,15,8,2,2,15,0.242424,0.303030,0.454545,-0.060606,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.242424,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-Euro-EEP-Policy-Responses-to-Recent-Bank-Failures.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.260000,0.390000,0.270000,0.090000,0.260000,0.360000,-0.100000,0.260000
europe-policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures-2__question-b,europe__policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures-2,Policy Responses to Recent Bank Failures,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures-2/,Europe,2023-09-15,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,The response to recent bank failures should be to: Substantially increase the limit on bank deposit insurance.,,50,33,1,10,5,14,3,2,15,0.333333,0.515152,0.151515,-0.181818,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.333333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-Euro-EEP-Policy-Responses-to-Recent-Bank-Failures.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.020000,0.290000,0.140000,0.420000,0.130000,0.310000,0.550000,-0.240000,0.310000
europe-policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures-2__question-c,europe__policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures-2,Policy Responses to Recent Bank Failures,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures-2/,Europe,2023-09-15,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question C,The response to recent bank failures should be to: Substantially increase bank capital requirements.,,50,33,6,16,7,3,1,2,15,0.666667,0.121212,0.212121,0.545455,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.121212,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-Euro-EEP-Policy-Responses-to-Recent-Bank-Failures.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.240000,0.490000,0.140000,0.090000,0.050000,0.730000,0.140000,0.590000,0.140000
europe-policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures-2__question-d,europe__policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures-2,Policy Responses to Recent Bank Failures,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/policy-responses-to-recent-bank-failures-2/,Europe,2023-09-15,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question D,The response to recent bank failures should be to: Use market values of all traded assets to compute banks’ regulatory capital.,,50,29,2,11,10,6,0,6,15,0.448276,0.206897,0.344828,0.241379,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.206897,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-14-Euro-EEP-Policy-Responses-to-Recent-Bank-Failures.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.090000,0.390000,0.300000,0.230000,0.000000,0.480000,0.230000,0.250000,0.230000
us-ai-and-market-power__question-a,us__ai-and-market-power,AI and Market Power,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-market-power/,US,2023-09-21,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Use of artificial intelligence is likely to lead to a substantial increase in problems associated with market power in digital markets.,,41,32,0,10,19,3,0,0,9,0.312500,0.093750,0.593750,0.218750,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.093750,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-21-US-EEP-AI-and-Market-Power.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.400000,0.540000,0.060000,0.000000,0.400000,0.060000,0.340000,0.060000
us-ai-and-market-power__question-b,us__ai-and-market-power,AI and Market Power,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-market-power/,US,2023-09-21,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Artificial intelligence offers substantial opportunities for new entrants into digital markets that have previously been concentrated.,,41,32,1,15,16,0,0,0,9,0.500000,0.000000,0.500000,0.500000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-21-US-EEP-AI-and-Market-Power.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.060000,0.470000,0.470000,0.000000,0.000000,0.530000,0.000000,0.530000,0.000000
us-ai-and-market-power__question-c,us__ai-and-market-power,AI and Market Power,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-market-power/,US,2023-09-21,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,"Artificial intelligence is likely to be a highly concentrated industry, dominated by a handful of players.",,41,31,0,14,14,2,1,1,9,0.451613,0.096774,0.451613,0.354839,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.096774,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-21-US-EEP-AI-and-Market-Power.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.440000,0.410000,0.090000,0.060000,0.440000,0.150000,0.290000,0.150000
europe-ai-and-market-power-2__question-a,europe__ai-and-market-power-2,AI and Market Power,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-market-power-2/,Europe,2023-09-21,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Use of artificial intelligence is likely to lead to a substantial increase in problems associated with market power in digital markets.,,50,30,5,13,10,2,0,3,17,0.600000,0.066667,0.333333,0.533333,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.066667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-21-Euro-EEP-AI-and-Market-Power.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.230000,0.440000,0.270000,0.060000,0.000000,0.670000,0.060000,0.610000,0.060000
europe-ai-and-market-power-2__question-b,europe__ai-and-market-power-2,AI and Market Power,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-market-power-2/,Europe,2023-09-21,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Artificial intelligence offers substantial opportunities for new entrants into digital markets that have previously been concentrated.,,50,31,1,8,17,4,1,2,17,0.290323,0.161290,0.548387,0.129032,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.161290,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-21-Euro-EEP-AI-and-Market-Power.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.040000,0.250000,0.540000,0.110000,0.060000,0.290000,0.170000,0.120000,0.170000
europe-ai-and-market-power-2__question-c,europe__ai-and-market-power-2,AI and Market Power,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-market-power-2/,Europe,2023-09-21,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,"Artificial intelligence is likely to be a highly concentrated industry, dominated by a handful of players.",,50,33,2,20,9,2,0,0,17,0.666667,0.060606,0.272727,0.606061,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.060606,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-21-Euro-EEP-AI-and-Market-Power.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.090000,0.650000,0.210000,0.050000,0.000000,0.740000,0.050000,0.690000,0.050000
us-ai-and-the-labor-market__question-a,us__ai-and-the-labor-market,AI and the Labor Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-the-labor-market/,US,2023-09-21,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Use of artificial intelligence over the next ten years will have a negative impact on the earnings potential of substantial numbers of high-skilled workers in advanced countries.,,41,32,0,13,16,3,0,0,9,0.406250,0.093750,0.500000,0.312500,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.093750,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-21-US-EEP-AI-and-the-Labor-Market.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Education; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.450000,0.500000,0.050000,0.000000,0.450000,0.050000,0.400000,0.050000
us-ai-and-the-labor-market__question-b,us__ai-and-the-labor-market,AI and the Labor Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-the-labor-market/,US,2023-09-21,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Use of artificial intelligence over the next ten years will lead to substantially greater uncertainty about the likely returns to investment in education.,,41,32,0,17,3,10,2,0,9,0.531250,0.375000,0.093750,0.156250,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.375000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-21-US-EEP-AI-and-the-Labor-Market.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Education; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.550000,0.080000,0.310000,0.060000,0.550000,0.370000,0.180000,0.370000
us-ai-and-the-labor-market__question-c,us__ai-and-the-labor-market,AI and the Labor Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-the-labor-market/,US,2023-09-21,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,Use of artificial intelligence over the next ten years is likely to have a measurable impact in increasing income inequality.,,41,32,1,9,19,3,0,0,9,0.312500,0.093750,0.593750,0.218750,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.093750,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-21-US-EEP-AI-and-the-Labor-Market.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Education; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.030000,0.360000,0.510000,0.100000,0.000000,0.390000,0.100000,0.290000,0.100000
europe-ai-and-the-labor-market-2__question-a,europe__ai-and-the-labor-market-2,AI and the Labor Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-the-labor-market-2/,Europe,2023-09-21,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Use of artificial intelligence over the next ten years will have a negative impact on the earnings potential of substantial numbers of high-skilled workers in advanced countries.,,50,33,2,15,14,2,0,0,17,0.515152,0.060606,0.424242,0.454545,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.060606,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-21-Euro-EEP-AI-and-the-Labor-Market.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Education; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.100000,0.440000,0.390000,0.060000,0.000000,0.540000,0.060000,0.480000,0.060000
europe-ai-and-the-labor-market-2__question-b,europe__ai-and-the-labor-market-2,AI and the Labor Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-the-labor-market-2/,Europe,2023-09-21,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Use of artificial intelligence over the next ten years will lead to substantially greater uncertainty about the likely returns to investment in education.,,50,33,2,13,10,8,0,0,17,0.454545,0.242424,0.303030,0.212121,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.242424,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-21-Euro-EEP-AI-and-the-Labor-Market.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Education; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.090000,0.350000,0.260000,0.300000,0.000000,0.440000,0.300000,0.140000,0.300000
europe-ai-and-the-labor-market-2__question-c,europe__ai-and-the-labor-market-2,AI and the Labor Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-the-labor-market-2/,Europe,2023-09-21,"Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,Use of artificial intelligence over the next ten years is likely to have a measurable impact in increasing income inequality.,,50,32,3,11,13,5,0,1,17,0.437500,0.156250,0.406250,0.281250,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.156250,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-21-Euro-EEP-AI-and-the-Labor-Market.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Education; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.130000,0.380000,0.330000,0.160000,0.000000,0.510000,0.160000,0.350000,0.160000
us-subsidizing-green-technology__question-a,us__subsidizing-green-technology,Subsidizing Green Technology,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/subsidizing-green-technology/,US,2023-09-29,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Government subsidies for investment in green technologies are justified by substantial benefits coming from reducing unpriced carbon emissions and generating positive R&D spillovers.,,41,34,10,17,5,2,0,1,6,0.794118,0.058824,0.147059,0.735294,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.058824,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-29-US-EEP-Subsidizing-Green-Technology.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Housing/urban policy,mixed,0.80,0.350000,0.510000,0.090000,0.050000,0.000000,0.860000,0.050000,0.810000,0.050000
us-subsidizing-green-technology__question-b,us__subsidizing-green-technology,Subsidizing Green Technology,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/subsidizing-green-technology/,US,2023-09-29,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Using subsidies for green technologies instead of full carbon prices will lead to substantially more rent-seeking and hence substantially higher costs to achieve a given reduction in emissions.,,41,34,8,14,6,6,0,1,6,0.647059,0.176471,0.176471,0.470588,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.176471,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-29-US-EEP-Subsidizing-Green-Technology.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Housing/urban policy,mixed,0.80,0.300000,0.420000,0.110000,0.170000,0.000000,0.720000,0.170000,0.550000,0.170000
us-responses-to-market-power__question-a,us__responses-to-market-power,Responses To Market Power,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/responses-to-market-power/,US,2023-09-29,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Constraints on the anti-competitive behavior of dominant firms in the digital economy can in principle be effectively implemented using the existing tools of competition policy and antitrust enforcement.,,41,33,1,14,12,6,0,2,6,0.454545,0.181818,0.363636,0.272727,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.181818,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-29-US-EEP-Responses-To-Market-Power.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.070000,0.390000,0.300000,0.240000,0.000000,0.460000,0.240000,0.220000,0.240000
us-responses-to-market-power__question-b,us__responses-to-market-power,Responses To Market Power,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/responses-to-market-power/,US,2023-09-29,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,The effectiveness of existing antitrust regimes in constraining anti-competitive behavior is substantially limited by the inadequacy of the resources available to competition and regulatory agencies relative to the dominant firms of the digital economy.,,41,35,2,19,11,3,0,0,6,0.600000,0.085714,0.314286,0.514286,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.085714,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-29-US-EEP-Responses-To-Market-Power.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.570000,0.210000,0.110000,0.000000,0.680000,0.110000,0.570000,0.110000
us-responses-to-market-power__question-c,us__responses-to-market-power,Responses To Market Power,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/responses-to-market-power/,US,2023-09-29,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,Constraints on the anti-competitive behavior of dominant firms in the digital economy would be more effectively implemented than at present with ex-ante regulation such as Europe's Digital Markets Act and other forms of public utility regulation. Details on Digital Markets Act here: https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/index_en,,41,28,1,8,16,3,0,7,6,0.321429,0.107143,0.571429,0.214286,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.107143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-29-US-EEP-Responses-To-Market-Power.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.060000,0.360000,0.440000,0.140000,0.000000,0.420000,0.140000,0.280000,0.140000
europe-responses-to-market-power-2__question-a,europe__responses-to-market-power-2,Responses To Market Power,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/responses-to-market-power-2/,Europe,2023-09-29,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Constraints on the anti-competitive behavior of dominant firms in the digital economy can in principle be effectively implemented using the existing tools of competition policy and antitrust enforcement.,,50,31,0,6,19,6,0,6,13,0.193548,0.193548,0.612903,0.000000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.193548,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-29-Euro-EEP-Responses-To-Market-Power.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.240000,0.510000,0.250000,0.000000,0.240000,0.250000,-0.010000,0.240000
europe-responses-to-market-power-2__question-b,europe__responses-to-market-power-2,Responses To Market Power,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/responses-to-market-power-2/,Europe,2023-09-29,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,The effectiveness of existing antitrust regimes in constraining anti-competitive behavior is substantially limited by the inadequacy of the resources available to competition and regulatory agencies relative to the dominant firms of the digital economy.,,50,35,5,20,10,0,0,2,13,0.714286,0.000000,0.285714,0.714286,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-29-Euro-EEP-Responses-To-Market-Power.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.170000,0.570000,0.260000,0.000000,0.000000,0.740000,0.000000,0.740000,0.000000
europe-responses-to-market-power-2__question-c,europe__responses-to-market-power-2,Responses To Market Power,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/responses-to-market-power-2/,Europe,2023-09-29,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,Constraints on the anti-competitive behavior of dominant firms in the digital economy would be more effectively implemented than at present with ex-ante regulation such as Europe's Digital Markets Act and other forms of public utility regulation. Details on Digital Markets Act here: https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/index_en,,50,29,1,16,11,1,0,8,13,0.586207,0.034483,0.379310,0.551724,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.034483,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-29-Euro-EEP-Responses-To-Market-Power.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.060000,0.570000,0.320000,0.050000,0.000000,0.630000,0.050000,0.580000,0.050000
europe-subsidizing-green-technology-2__question-a,europe__subsidizing-green-technology-2,Subsidizing Green Technology,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/subsidizing-green-technology-2/,Europe,2023-09-29,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Government subsidies for investment in green technologies are justified by substantial benefits coming from reducing unpriced carbon emissions and generating positive R&D spillovers.,,50,37,8,26,3,0,0,0,13,0.918919,0.000000,0.081081,0.918919,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-28-Euro-EEP-Subsidizing-Green-Technology.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Housing/urban policy,mixed,0.80,0.260000,0.690000,0.050000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
europe-subsidizing-green-technology-2__question-b,europe__subsidizing-green-technology-2,Subsidizing Green Technology,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/subsidizing-green-technology-2/,Europe,2023-09-29,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Using subsidies for green technologies instead of full carbon prices will lead to substantially more rent-seeking and hence substantially higher costs to achieve a given reduction in emissions.,,50,36,5,13,13,5,0,1,13,0.500000,0.138889,0.361111,0.361111,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.138889,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-09-28-Euro-EEP-Subsidizing-Green-Technology.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Housing/urban policy,mixed,0.80,0.190000,0.340000,0.320000,0.160000,0.000000,0.530000,0.160000,0.370000,0.160000
finance-long-term-capital-management__question-a,finance__long-term-capital-management,Long-Term Capital Management,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/long-term-capital-management/,Finance,2023-10-09,"Financial Crises; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"September 2023 was the 25th anniversary of the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM). In response to LTCM's troubles, the Federal Reserve orchestrated a multi-billion dollar rescue package by a consortium of banks and it cut the Federal funds rate target by 75 basis points within six weeks. The hedge fund sector's contribution to systemic risk is substantially lower today than at the time of LTCM.",,39,31,0,15,8,8,0,1,7,0.483871,0.258065,0.258065,0.225806,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.258065,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023-10-09-Finance-Long-Term-Capital-Management.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.520000,0.200000,0.280000,0.000000,0.520000,0.280000,0.240000,0.280000
finance-long-term-capital-management__question-b,finance__long-term-capital-management,Long-Term Capital Management,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/long-term-capital-management/,Finance,2023-10-09,"Financial Crises; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,Financial market participants' expectation that the Fed will aggressively ease monetary policy in response to financial market dislocations is a substantial source of financial instability .,,39,32,1,11,11,8,1,0,7,0.375000,0.281250,0.343750,0.093750,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.281250,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023-10-09-Finance-Long-Term-Capital-Management.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.030000,0.340000,0.340000,0.240000,0.040000,0.370000,0.280000,0.090000,0.280000
us-women-and-the-labor-market__question-a,us__women-and-the-labor-market,Women and the Labor Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/women-and-the-labor-market/,US,2023-10-18,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Education & Skills; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,"By enabling women’s life choices about education, work and family, the contraceptive pill made a substantial contribution to closing gender gaps in the labor market for professionals.",,41,36,15,21,0,0,0,0,5,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023-10-18-US-EEP-Women-and-the-Labor-Market.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Education,source,0.90,0.480000,0.520000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-women-and-the-labor-market__question-b,us__women-and-the-labor-market,Women and the Labor Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/women-and-the-labor-market/,US,2023-10-18,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Education & Skills; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,Gender gaps in today’s labor market arise less from differences in educational and occupational choices than from the differential career impact of parenthood and social norms around men's and women’s roles in childrearing.,,41,36,5,25,6,0,0,0,5,0.833333,0.000000,0.166667,0.833333,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023-10-18-US-EEP-Women-and-the-Labor-Market.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Education,source,0.90,0.190000,0.740000,0.080000,0.000000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000
us-women-and-the-labor-market__question-c,us__women-and-the-labor-market,Women and the Labor Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/women-and-the-labor-market/,US,2023-10-18,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Education & Skills; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question C,The gender gap in pay would be substantially reduced if firms had fewer incentives to offer disproportionate rewards to individuals who work long and/or inflexible hours.,,41,36,5,24,7,0,0,0,5,0.805556,0.000000,0.194444,0.805556,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023-10-18-US-EEP-Women-and-the-Labor-Market.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Education,source,0.90,0.170000,0.700000,0.130000,0.000000,0.000000,0.870000,0.000000,0.870000,0.000000
us-land-value-tax__question-a,us__land-value-tax,Land Value Tax,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/land-value-tax/,US,2023-11-02,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,Shifting the burden of municipal property taxes towards land and away from improvements such as buildings - as proposed in the Detroit land value tax plan - will enhance the incentives for owners to develop their land and thereby give a substantial boost to local economic growth over a ten-year horizon.,,41,30,3,19,7,1,0,1,10,0.733333,0.033333,0.233333,0.700000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.033333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-11-02-US-EEP-Land-Value-Tax.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.130000,0.700000,0.140000,0.020000,0.000000,0.830000,0.020000,0.810000,0.020000
finance-quantitative-tightening-and-demand-for-us-treasuries__question-a,finance__quantitative-tightening-and-demand-for-us-treasuries,Quantitative Tightening and Demand for US Treasuries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/quantitative-tightening-and-demand-for-us-treasuries/,Finance,2023-10-25,"Bonds; Financial Markets & Banking; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"The Federal Reserve has begun quantitative tightening (QT) to reduce the size of its balance sheet. Fed holdings of Treasury securities have declined by $800 billion relative to the March 2020 peak. The Fed currently holds $4.9 trillion of Treasury securities, significantly larger than the $2.5 trillion holdings prior to the Covid pandemic. A reduction in Fed holdings of Treasury securities measurably increases the interest rate on long-term U.S. Treasury bonds.",,39,32,4,18,9,1,0,2,5,0.687500,0.031250,0.281250,0.656250,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.031250,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023-10-25-Finance-Quantitative-Tightening-and-Demand-for-US-Treasuries.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Banking; Monetary policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.170000,0.550000,0.260000,0.020000,0.000000,0.720000,0.020000,0.700000,0.020000
finance-quantitative-tightening-and-demand-for-us-treasuries__question-b,finance__quantitative-tightening-and-demand-for-us-treasuries,Quantitative Tightening and Demand for US Treasuries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/quantitative-tightening-and-demand-for-us-treasuries/,Finance,2023-10-25,"Bonds; Financial Markets & Banking; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,A reduction in Fed holdings of Treasury securities measurably increases volatility in the Treasury market.,,39,32,0,10,17,4,1,2,5,0.312500,0.156250,0.531250,0.156250,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.156250,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023-10-25-Finance-Quantitative-Tightening-and-Demand-for-US-Treasuries.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Banking; Monetary policy; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.320000,0.510000,0.130000,0.040000,0.320000,0.170000,0.150000,0.170000
finance-modern-portfolio-theory__question-a,finance__modern-portfolio-theory,Modern Portfolio Theory,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/modern-portfolio-theory/,Finance,2023-11-15,Financial Markets & Banking; Investment Management; Investments,Question A,"Harry Markowitz, the Nobel Prize-winning pioneer of modern portfolio theory, passed away earlier this year: https://afajof.org/news/in-memoriam-harry-markowitz-past-president-of-the-american-finance-association-1927-2023/ Application of the principles of modern portfolio theory allows investors in practice to achieve substantial improvements in the risk-expected return trade-off relative to naive strategies such as equal-weighting that do not take account of return covariances.",,40,36,18,14,2,2,0,0,4,0.888889,0.055556,0.055556,0.833333,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.055556,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-11-15-Finance-Modern-Portfolio-Theory.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Trade,mixed,0.80,0.540000,0.360000,0.050000,0.050000,0.000000,0.900000,0.050000,0.850000,0.050000
finance-modern-portfolio-theory__question-b,finance__modern-portfolio-theory,Modern Portfolio Theory,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/modern-portfolio-theory/,Finance,2023-11-15,Financial Markets & Banking; Investment Management; Investments,Question B,Widespread adoption of modern portfolio theory by investors has substantially improved the efficiency of capital allocation in financial markets.,,40,36,9,15,9,3,0,0,4,0.666667,0.083333,0.250000,0.583333,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.083333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-11-15-Finance-Modern-Portfolio-Theory.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Trade,mixed,0.80,0.350000,0.390000,0.160000,0.100000,0.000000,0.740000,0.100000,0.640000,0.100000
europe-women-and-the-labor-market-2__question-a,europe__women-and-the-labor-market-2,Women and the Labor Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/women-and-the-labor-market-2/,Europe,2023-10-19,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Education & Skills; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,"By enabling women’s life choices about education, work and family, the contraceptive pill made a substantial contribution to closing gender gaps in the labor market for professionals.",,50,41,14,26,1,0,0,0,9,0.975610,0.000000,0.024390,0.975610,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023-10-19-Euro-EEP-Women-and-the-Labor-Market.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Education,source,0.90,0.430000,0.560000,0.010000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
europe-women-and-the-labor-market-2__question-b,europe__women-and-the-labor-market-2,Women and the Labor Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/women-and-the-labor-market-2/,Europe,2023-10-19,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Education & Skills; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,Gender gaps in today’s labor market arise less from differences in educational and occupational choices than from the differential career impact of parenthood and social norms around men's and women’s roles in childrearing.,,50,41,5,29,3,3,1,0,9,0.829268,0.097561,0.073171,0.731707,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.097561,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023-10-19-Euro-EEP-Women-and-the-Labor-Market.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Education,source,0.90,0.170000,0.670000,0.060000,0.070000,0.030000,0.840000,0.100000,0.740000,0.100000
europe-women-and-the-labor-market-2__question-c,europe__women-and-the-labor-market-2,Women and the Labor Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/women-and-the-labor-market-2/,Europe,2023-10-19,"Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Education & Skills; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question C,The gender gap in pay would be substantially reduced if firms had fewer incentives to offer disproportionate rewards to individuals who work long and/or inflexible hours.,,50,41,4,22,14,1,0,0,9,0.634146,0.024390,0.341463,0.609756,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023-10-19-Euro-EEP-Women-and-the-Labor-Market.csv,mixed,,Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Education,source,0.90,0.130000,0.530000,0.320000,0.030000,0.000000,0.660000,0.030000,0.630000,0.030000
us-the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-tcja-of-2017__question-a,us__the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-tcja-of-2017,The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-tcja-of-2017/,US,2023-11-20,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"US GDP is substantially higher now as a result of the passage of the TCJA than it would have been had the TCJA not been passed, and all else was equal.",,41,28,0,3,13,11,1,1,12,0.107143,0.428571,0.464286,-0.321429,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.107143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-11-20-US-EEP-The-Tax-Cuts-and-Jobs-Act-TCJA-of-2017.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.080000,0.410000,0.470000,0.040000,0.080000,0.510000,-0.430000,0.080000
us-the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-tcja-of-2017__question-b,us__the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-tcja-of-2017,The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-tcja-of-2017/,US,2023-11-20,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"Corporate capital stock is substantially higher now as a result of the passage of the TCJA than it would have been had the TCJA not been passed, and all else was equal.",,41,27,0,8,10,9,0,2,12,0.296296,0.333333,0.370370,-0.037037,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.296296,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-11-20-US-EEP-The-Tax-Cuts-and-Jobs-Act-TCJA-of-2017.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.270000,0.380000,0.360000,0.000000,0.270000,0.360000,-0.090000,0.270000
us-the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-tcja-of-2017__question-c,us__the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-tcja-of-2017,The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-tcja-of-2017/,US,2023-11-20,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,"Real median wages are substantially higher now as a result of the passage of the TCJA than they would have been had the TCJA not been passed, and all else was equal.",,41,29,0,1,10,17,1,0,12,0.034483,0.620690,0.344828,-0.586207,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.034483,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-11-20-US-EEP-The-Tax-Cuts-and-Jobs-Act-TCJA-of-2017.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.010000,0.260000,0.710000,0.020000,0.010000,0.730000,-0.720000,0.010000
us-the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-tcja-of-2017__question-d,us__the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-tcja-of-2017,The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-tcja-of-2017/,US,2023-11-20,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question D,"Federal tax revenues are substantially lower now as a result of the passage of the TCJA than they would have been had the TCJA not been passed, and all else was equal.",,41,29,8,16,4,1,0,0,12,0.827586,0.034483,0.137931,0.793103,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.034483,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-11-20-US-EEP-The-Tax-Cuts-and-Jobs-Act-TCJA-of-2017.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.330000,0.540000,0.100000,0.030000,0.000000,0.870000,0.030000,0.840000,0.030000
us-the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-tcja-of-2017__question-e,us__the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-tcja-of-2017,The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-tcja-of-2017/,US,2023-11-20,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question E,"Charitable donations are substantially lower now as a result of the passage of the TCJA than they would have been had the TCJA not been passed, and all else was equal.",,41,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,41,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-11-20-US-EEP-The-Tax-Cuts-and-Jobs-Act-TCJA-of-2017.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.250000,0.630000,0.120000,0.000000,0.250000,0.120000,0.130000,0.120000
europe-public-corporations__question-a,europe__public-corporations,Public Corporations,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/public-corporations/,Europe,2023-11-20,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"It is best for society if the management of publicly traded corporations only considers the impact of their decisions on customers, employees, and community members to the extent that these effects feedback to affect shareholder wealth.",,51,39,0,9,7,20,3,1,11,0.230769,0.589744,0.179487,-0.358974,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.230769,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-11-20-Euro-EEP-Public-Corporations.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.270000,0.180000,0.470000,0.090000,0.270000,0.560000,-0.290000,0.270000
europe-public-corporations__question-b,europe__public-corporations,Public Corporations,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/public-corporations/,Europe,2023-11-20,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,The typical chief executive officer of a publicly traded corporation is paid more than his or her marginal contribution to the firm's value.,,51,37,5,8,19,5,0,3,11,0.351351,0.135135,0.513514,0.216216,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.135135,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-11-20-Euro-EEP-Public-Corporations.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.130000,0.240000,0.480000,0.150000,0.000000,0.370000,0.150000,0.220000,0.150000
europe-argentina-2__question-a,europe__argentina-2,Argentina,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/argentina-2/,Europe,2023-12-07,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Public Debt & Deficits",Question A,The fundamental cause of Argentina’s high inflation is unfunded fiscal commitments that are being financed by the central bank.,,51,36,10,25,1,0,0,3,12,0.972222,0.000000,0.027778,0.972222,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/2023-12-07-Euro-EEP-Argentina.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.350000,0.630000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
europe-argentina-2__question-b,europe__argentina-2,Argentina,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/argentina-2/,Europe,2023-12-07,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Public Debt & Deficits",Question B,"Even if Argentina could marshal the resources to make a full switch to using US dollars for domestic transactions, it would substantially increase the volatility of Argentine GDP.",,51,34,2,17,13,2,0,5,12,0.558824,0.058824,0.382353,0.500000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.058824,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/2023-12-07-Euro-EEP-Argentina.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.090000,0.560000,0.290000,0.060000,0.000000,0.650000,0.060000,0.590000,0.060000
us-argentina__question-a,us__argentina,Argentina,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/argentina/,US,2023-12-06,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Public Debt & Deficits",Question A,The fundamental cause of Argentina’s high inflation is unfunded fiscal commitments that are being financed by the central bank.,,40,26,7,19,0,0,0,3,11,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/2023-12-06-US-EEP-Argentina.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.350000,0.650000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-argentina__question-b,us__argentina,Argentina,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/argentina/,US,2023-12-06,"Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Public Debt & Deficits",Question B,"Even if Argentina could marshal the resources to make a full switch to using US dollars for domestic transactions, it would substantially increase the volatility of Argentine GDP.",,40,23,0,8,10,5,0,6,11,0.347826,0.217391,0.434783,0.130435,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.217391,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/2023-12-06-US-EEP-Argentina.csv,mixed,,Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.370000,0.410000,0.220000,0.000000,0.370000,0.220000,0.150000,0.220000
finance-cost-benefit-analysis-of-regulation__question-a,finance__cost-benefit-analysis-of-regulation,Cost-Benefit Analysis of Regulation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/cost-benefit-analysis-of-regulation/,Finance,2023-12-07,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Finance and the Economy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,The Biden Administration's recommendation to lower the real discount rate used in the cost and benefit analysis of federal regulations to 2 percent (from the current levels of 3 or 7 percent) will substantially improve regulatory analysis.,,40,27,2,6,12,4,3,1,12,0.296296,0.259259,0.444444,0.037037,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.259259,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/2023-12-07-Finance-Cost-Benefit-Analysis-of-Regulation.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.100000,0.220000,0.390000,0.150000,0.140000,0.320000,0.290000,0.030000,0.290000
us-us-steel__question-a,us__us-steel,US Steel,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/us-steel/,US,2024-01-17,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,Nippon Steel’s proposed acquisition of US Steel would lead to substantially less employment in the US steel industry than in the absence of such a deal.,,40,28,0,1,10,16,1,1,11,0.035714,0.607143,0.357143,-0.571429,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.035714,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2024-01-17-US-EEP-US-Steel.csv,mixed,,Labor markets,source,0.90,0.000000,0.020000,0.290000,0.640000,0.050000,0.020000,0.690000,-0.670000,0.020000
us-us-steel__question-b,us__us-steel,US Steel,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/us-steel/,US,2024-01-17,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,Nippon Steel’s proposed acquisition of US Steel would cause no measurable damage to the American economy.,,40,28,2,21,4,0,1,1,11,0.821429,0.035714,0.142857,0.785714,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.035714,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2024-01-17-US-EEP-US-Steel.csv,mixed,,Labor markets,source,0.90,0.120000,0.720000,0.110000,0.000000,0.050000,0.840000,0.050000,0.790000,0.050000
finance-bitcoin-exchange-traded-products__question-a,finance__bitcoin-exchange-traded-products,Bitcoin Exchange-Traded Products,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bitcoin-exchange-traded-products/,Finance,2024-01-17,Financial Regulation; Investments,Question A,"On 10 January 2024, the SEC approved spot Bitcoin exchange-traded products: https://www.sec.gov/news/statement/gensler-statement-spot-bitcoin-011023\ The SEC's approval of spot Bitcoin exchange-traded products makes investors overall measurably better off.",,40,32,3,8,9,12,0,0,8,0.343750,0.375000,0.281250,-0.031250,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.343750,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2024-01-17-Finance-Bitcoin-Exchange-Traded-Products.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.130000,0.270000,0.240000,0.360000,0.000000,0.400000,0.360000,0.040000,0.360000
europe-germanys-debt-brake__question-a,europe__germanys-debt-brake,Germany’s Debt Brake,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/germanys-debt-brake/,Europe,2024-01-26,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Investments; Public Debt & Deficits",Question A,A constitutional rule that limits the size of budget deficits that governments can run as a share of GDP is an effective way to impose discipline on a country’s public finances.,,51,41,3,21,7,6,4,1,9,0.585366,0.243902,0.170732,0.341463,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.243902,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2024-01-26-Euro-EEP-Germays-Debt-Brake.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Financial regulation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.110000,0.460000,0.140000,0.170000,0.130000,0.570000,0.300000,0.270000,0.300000
europe-germanys-debt-brake__question-b,europe__germanys-debt-brake,Germany’s Debt Brake,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/germanys-debt-brake/,Europe,2024-01-26,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Investments; Public Debt & Deficits",Question B,Germany’s debt brake is a substantial constraint on vital public investment in physical/digital infrastructure and the green transition.,,51,39,7,20,7,3,2,3,9,0.692308,0.128205,0.179487,0.564103,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.128205,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2024-01-26-Euro-EEP-Germays-Debt-Brake.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Financial regulation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.250000,0.480000,0.120000,0.070000,0.070000,0.730000,0.140000,0.590000,0.140000
us-economic-sanctions-and-aid__question-a,us__economic-sanctions-and-aid,Economic Sanctions and Aid,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-sanctions-and-aid/,US,2024-02-07,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question A,The economic and financial sanctions against Russia are substantially limiting its ability to wage war on Ukraine.,,45,38,1,17,10,10,0,3,4,0.473684,0.263158,0.263158,0.210526,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.263158,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2024-02-07-US-EEP-Economic-Sanctions-and-Aid.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Labor markets; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.050000,0.440000,0.190000,0.330000,0.000000,0.490000,0.330000,0.160000,0.330000
us-economic-sanctions-and-aid__question-b,us__economic-sanctions-and-aid,Economic Sanctions and Aid,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-sanctions-and-aid/,US,2024-02-07,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question B,"In the absence of continuing flows of Western economic aid, Ukraine's wartime economy will be substantially compromised.",,45,40,23,16,1,0,0,1,4,0.975000,0.000000,0.025000,0.975000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2024-02-07-US-EEP-Economic-Sanctions-and-Aid.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Labor markets; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.680000,0.310000,0.010000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
finance-tesla__question-a,finance__tesla,Tesla,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tesla/,Finance,2024-02-08,Corporate Governance; Investments,Question A,Tesla shareholders are likely to benefit substantially from the decision by the Delaware Court of Chancery to void Elon Musk's $56 billion remuneration package.,,41,33,1,8,10,14,0,1,7,0.272727,0.424242,0.303030,-0.151515,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.272727,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2024-02-08-Finance-Tesla.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.020000,0.260000,0.270000,0.450000,0.000000,0.280000,0.450000,-0.170000,0.280000
europe-economic-sanctions-and-aid-2__question-a,europe__economic-sanctions-and-aid-2,Economic Sanctions and Aid,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-sanctions-and-aid-2/,Europe,2024-02-08,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question A,The economic and financial sanctions against Russia are substantially limiting its ability to wage war on Ukraine.,,49,37,1,14,13,9,0,2,10,0.405405,0.243243,0.351351,0.162162,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.243243,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2024-02-08-Euro-EEP-Economic-Sanctions-and-Aid.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Labor markets; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.420000,0.260000,0.270000,0.000000,0.460000,0.270000,0.190000,0.270000
europe-economic-sanctions-and-aid-2__question-b,europe__economic-sanctions-and-aid-2,Economic Sanctions and Aid,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-sanctions-and-aid-2/,Europe,2024-02-08,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question B,"In the absence of continuing flows of Western economic aid, Ukraine's wartime economy will be substantially compromised.",,49,38,24,13,0,0,1,1,10,0.973684,0.026316,0.000000,0.947368,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2024-02-08-Euro-EEP-Economic-Sanctions-and-Aid.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Labor markets; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.680000,0.280000,0.000000,0.000000,0.040000,0.960000,0.040000,0.920000,0.040000
us-congestion-pricing-in-new-york__question-a,us__congestion-pricing-in-new-york,Congestion Pricing in New York,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/congestion-pricing-in-new-york/,US,2024-02-27,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Investments; Transport",Question A,A tolling program for New York City is out for public consultation with proposed charges on vehicles entering the central business district of Manhattan summarized here: https://new.mta.info/document/129191 The proposed tolls on vehicles entering the central business district of Manhattan are likely to lead to a substantial reduction in traffic congestion in the targeted area.,,46,43,11,28,4,0,0,0,3,0.906977,0.000000,0.093023,0.906977,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2024-02-27-US-EEP-Congestion-Pricing-in-New-York.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.320000,0.610000,0.070000,0.000000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000
us-congestion-pricing-in-new-york__question-b,us__congestion-pricing-in-new-york,Congestion Pricing in New York,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/congestion-pricing-in-new-york/,US,2024-02-27,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Investments; Transport",Question B,"The proposed tolls on vehicles entering Manhattan are likely to lead to a substantial increase in traffic congestion just outside the central business district, above 60th Street, in the outer boroughs and New Jersey.",,46,42,1,4,29,8,0,1,3,0.119048,0.190476,0.690476,-0.071429,Uncertain,Uncertain consensus,0.119048,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2024-02-27-US-EEP-Congestion-Pricing-in-New-York.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.040000,0.110000,0.630000,0.220000,0.000000,0.150000,0.220000,-0.070000,0.150000
finance-stock-market-concentration__question-a,finance__stock-market-concentration,Stock Market Concentration,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stock-market-concentration/,Finance,2024-02-27,Investment Management; Investments,Question A,"With some measures of concentration by market capitalization within broad US stock market indices at an all-time high, investors seeking a well-diversified passive equity portfolio should consider alternatives to market-cap-weighted indices.",,41,33,0,10,8,12,3,0,8,0.303030,0.454545,0.242424,-0.151515,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.303030,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2024-02-27-Finance-Stock-Market-Concentration.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.310000,0.220000,0.370000,0.100000,0.310000,0.470000,-0.160000,0.310000
europe-drug-policy__question-a,europe__drug-policy,Drug Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/drug-policy/,Europe,2024-02-28,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Social Policy & Society",Question A,A legalized and carefully regulated market for cannabis would lead to measurably higher social welfare than a system of prohibition.,,49,40,9,23,8,0,0,0,9,0.800000,0.000000,0.200000,0.800000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2024-02-28-Euro-EEP-Drug-Policy.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.290000,0.590000,0.120000,0.000000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000
us-prescription-drugs__question-a,us__prescription-drugs,Prescription Drugs,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/prescription-drugs/,US,2024-03-13,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,Allowing Medicare to negotiate prices with pharmaceutical companies will lead to a substantial reduction in the costs of prescription drugs for US retirees.,,46,40,9,31,0,0,0,0,6,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2024-03-13-US-EEP-Prescription-Drugs.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.280000,0.720000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-prescription-drugs__question-b,us__prescription-drugs,Prescription Drugs,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/prescription-drugs/,US,2024-03-13,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question B,Allowing imports of medicines from Canada will lead to a substantial reduction in the costs of prescription drugs for US consumers without compromising safety.,,46,40,3,24,9,3,1,0,6,0.675000,0.100000,0.225000,0.575000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2024-03-13-US-EEP-Prescription-Drugs.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.120000,0.580000,0.180000,0.070000,0.050000,0.700000,0.120000,0.580000,0.120000
europe-a-quarter-century-of-the-euro__question-a,europe__a-quarter-century-of-the-euro,A Quarter Century of the Euro,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/a-quarter-century-of-the-euro/,Europe,2024-03-14,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,Europe’s economic growth performance over the last 25 years has been measurably better than it would have been in the absence of the single currency.,,49,39,6,19,10,3,1,2,8,0.641026,0.102564,0.256410,0.538462,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.102564,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2024-03-14-Euro-EEP-A-Quarter-Century-of-the-Euro.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Monetary policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.170000,0.490000,0.210000,0.100000,0.030000,0.660000,0.130000,0.530000,0.130000
europe-a-quarter-century-of-the-euro__question-b,europe__a-quarter-century-of-the-euro,A Quarter Century of the Euro,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/a-quarter-century-of-the-euro/,Europe,2024-03-14,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,"With euro area member states having given up their ability to carry out independent monetary policy, it is substantially more difficult for them to respond effectively to country-specific macroeconomic disturbances.",,49,39,2,21,6,9,1,2,8,0.589744,0.256410,0.153846,0.333333,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.256410,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2024-03-14-Euro-EEP-A-Quarter-Century-of-the-Euro.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Monetary policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.060000,0.510000,0.130000,0.270000,0.030000,0.570000,0.300000,0.270000,0.300000
finance-short-selling-and-asset-values__question-a,finance__short-selling-and-asset-values,Short Selling and Asset Values,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/short-selling-and-asset-values/,Finance,2024-03-26,Financial Markets & Banking; Financial Regulation; Investments,Question A,"Allowing short selling of financial securities, such as stocks and government bonds, leads to prices that, on average, are closer to their fundamental values.",,41,36,19,16,1,0,0,0,5,0.972222,0.000000,0.027778,0.972222,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2024-03-26-Finance-Short-Selling-and-Asset-Values.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.550000,0.420000,0.030000,0.000000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000
finance-short-selling-and-asset-values__question-b,finance__short-selling-and-asset-values,Short Selling and Asset Values,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/short-selling-and-asset-values/,Finance,2024-03-26,Financial Markets & Banking; Financial Regulation; Investments,Question B,"When short sellers start to establish substantial short positions in a stock, the stock is likely to have been overvalued.",,41,36,2,25,7,2,0,0,5,0.750000,0.055556,0.194444,0.694444,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.055556,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2024-03-26-Finance-Short-Selling-and-Asset-Values.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.070000,0.710000,0.150000,0.060000,0.000000,0.780000,0.060000,0.720000,0.060000
finance-short-selling-and-asset-values__question-c,finance__short-selling-and-asset-values,Short Selling and Asset Values,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/short-selling-and-asset-values/,Finance,2024-03-26,Financial Markets & Banking; Financial Regulation; Investments,Question C,Requiring investors to disclose short positions in a stock at the equivalent threshold as they are required to do for long positions would improve the informativeness of stock prices.,,41,35,7,15,12,1,0,1,5,0.628571,0.028571,0.342857,0.600000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.028571,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2024-03-26-Finance-Short-Selling-and-Asset-Values.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.260000,0.420000,0.290000,0.030000,0.000000,0.680000,0.030000,0.650000,0.030000
us-supermarket-merger__question-a,us__supermarket-merger,Supermarket Merger,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/supermarket-merger/,US,2024-03-27,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"The FTC is opposed to Kroger’s proposed acquisition of Albertsons. Critics argue that with sufficient divestitures , the deal would be consistent with past FTC policies. Kroger’s proposed acquisition of Albertsons would lead to substantially higher grocery prices and/or lower product quality/services for customers of the two companies in locations where both are present.",,46,35,2,16,12,5,0,4,7,0.514286,0.142857,0.342857,0.371429,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.142857,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2024-03-27-US-EEP-Supermarket-Merger.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.120000,0.480000,0.220000,0.190000,0.000000,0.600000,0.190000,0.410000,0.190000
us-supermarket-merger__question-b,us__supermarket-merger,Supermarket Merger,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/supermarket-merger/,US,2024-03-27,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,Kroger’s proposed acquisition of Albertsons would have a substantially negative effect on workers at the two companies in locations where both are present.,,46,35,1,7,17,8,2,4,7,0.228571,0.285714,0.485714,-0.057143,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.228571,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2024-03-27-US-EEP-Supermarket-Merger.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.060000,0.210000,0.430000,0.200000,0.100000,0.270000,0.300000,-0.030000,0.270000
europe-artificial-intelligence-act__question-a,europe__artificial-intelligence-act,Artificial Intelligence Act,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/artificial-intelligence-act/,Europe,2024-03-28,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,The European Union's AI Act was approved by the European Parliament in March 2024: https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/ The EU's legislation to regulate artificial intelligence is likely to put European technology firms at a substantial disadvantage to their competitors elsewhere in the world.,,49,27,1,2,15,8,1,5,17,0.111111,0.333333,0.555556,-0.222222,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.111111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2024-03-28-Euro-EEP-Artificial-Intelligence-Act.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.080000,0.080000,0.490000,0.300000,0.050000,0.160000,0.350000,-0.190000,0.160000
europe-artificial-intelligence-act__question-b,europe__artificial-intelligence-act,Artificial Intelligence Act,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/artificial-intelligence-act/,Europe,2024-03-28,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,"By providing a clear set of rules, the EU's legislation on artificial intelligence is likely to enhance research and innovation by firms building the new technology.",,49,27,0,12,11,3,1,5,17,0.444444,0.148148,0.407407,0.296296,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.148148,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2024-03-28-Euro-EEP-Artificial-Intelligence-Act.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.480000,0.340000,0.110000,0.070000,0.480000,0.180000,0.300000,0.180000
finance-passive-investors-and-us-banks__question-a,finance__passive-investors-and-us-banks,Passive Investors and US Banks,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/passive-investors-and-us-banks/,Finance,2024-04-16,Banking; Investment Management,Question A,Regulator Probes BlackRock and Vanguard Over Huge Stakes in U.S. Banks – The WSJ reports that ‘The FDIC is scrutinizing whether the index-fund giants are sticking to passive roles when it comes to their investments in U.S. banks.’ The exemption of passive asset managers from banking rules - such as needing permission when they acquire shares above the 10% threshold - generates measurable risks to the accomplishment of the FDIC's mission.,,41,30,0,5,9,11,5,0,11,0.166667,0.533333,0.300000,-0.366667,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.166667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2024-04-16-Finance-Passive-Investors-and-US-Banks.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.170000,0.210000,0.370000,0.240000,0.170000,0.610000,-0.440000,0.170000
us-test-scores-and-college-admissions__question-a,us__test-scores-and-college-admissions,Test Scores and College Admissions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/test-scores-and-college-admissions/,US,2024-04-16,"Education & Skills; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,Universities that abandon temporary pandemic test-optional policies and return to requiring standardized test scores for admissions will create measurably enhanced opportunities for potentially high-achieving students from low-income backgrounds.,,46,43,9,28,6,0,0,0,3,0.860465,0.000000,0.139535,0.860465,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2024-04-16-US-EEP-Test-Scores-and-College-Admissions.csv,mixed,,Education; Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; COVID/pandemic policy,mixed,0.80,0.270000,0.630000,0.100000,0.000000,0.000000,0.900000,0.000000,0.900000,0.000000
europe-capital-markets-union__question-a,europe__capital-markets-union,Capital Markets Union,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/capital-markets-union/,Europe,2024-04-25,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Investments",Question A,"Creation of a more unified capital market in Europe - with a common pool of capital, a single rule book and a strengthened European Securities and Markets Authority, comparable to the US Securities and Exchange Commission – would lead to a substantial shift in the balance of companies listing their shares in the EU vis-a-vis the US.",,48,34,3,19,10,2,0,2,12,0.647059,0.058824,0.294118,0.588235,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.058824,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2024-04-25-Euro-EEP-Capital-Markets-Union.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.140000,0.570000,0.240000,0.050000,0.000000,0.710000,0.050000,0.660000,0.050000
europe-capital-markets-union__question-b,europe__capital-markets-union,Capital Markets Union,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/capital-markets-union/,Europe,2024-04-25,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Investments",Question B,"Creation of a more unified capital market in Europe - with a common pool of capital, a single rule book and a strengthened European Securities and Markets Authority, comparable to the US Securities and Exchange Commission – would substantially increase the availability of funding for start-ups and growing companies across the EU.",,48,34,9,19,5,1,0,2,12,0.823529,0.029412,0.147059,0.794118,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.029412,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2024-04-25-Euro-EEP-Capital-Markets-Union.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.330000,0.520000,0.130000,0.020000,0.000000,0.850000,0.020000,0.830000,0.020000
us-tariffs__question-a,us__tariffs,Tariffs,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs/,US,2024-04-30,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,Tripling existing import taxes on Chinese steel and aluminum products would lead to measurably higher employment in the US steel industry over the next five years.,,46,41,0,17,15,7,2,0,5,0.414634,0.219512,0.365854,0.195122,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.219512,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2024-04-30-US-EEP-Tariffs.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.000000,0.370000,0.390000,0.160000,0.080000,0.370000,0.240000,0.130000,0.240000
us-tariffs__question-b,us__tariffs,Tariffs,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs/,US,2024-04-30,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,Tripling the tariffs would lead to measurably higher steel and aluminum prices for American producers and measurably higher finished-good prices for American consumers.,,46,41,10,24,6,1,0,0,5,0.829268,0.024390,0.146341,0.804878,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2024-04-30-US-EEP-Tariffs.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.320000,0.550000,0.100000,0.020000,0.000000,0.870000,0.020000,0.850000,0.020000
us-tariffs__question-c,us__tariffs,Tariffs,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs/,US,2024-04-30,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question C,The gains for the American economy from tripling the tariffs would measurably outweigh the losses.,,46,40,1,1,7,23,8,1,5,0.050000,0.775000,0.175000,-0.725000,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.050000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2024-04-30-US-EEP-Tariffs.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.020000,0.040000,0.150000,0.510000,0.280000,0.060000,0.790000,-0.730000,0.060000
finance-retail-investor-participation-in-private-equity__question-a,finance__retail-investor-participation-in-private-equity,Retail Investor Participation in Private Equity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/retail-investor-participation-in-private-equity/,Finance,2024-05-15,Financial Regulation; Investment Management,Question A,"Retail investors account for a large share of global wealth, but a small share in private equity holdings. (see link: https://bain.com/insights/why-private-equity-is-targeting-individual-investors-global-private-equity-report-2023/ ) A reduction in the barriers to all retail investors investing in private equity funds - notably regulatory restrictions on investor wealth/income and on liquidity - would substantially improve household welfare.",,39,33,1,6,12,13,1,0,6,0.212121,0.424242,0.363636,-0.212121,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.212121,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-05-15-Finance-Retail-Investor-Participation-in-Private-Equity.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.200000,0.310000,0.400000,0.040000,0.240000,0.440000,-0.200000,0.240000
us-drug-policy-2__question-a,us__drug-policy-2,Drug Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/drug-policy-2/,US,2024-05-14,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Social Policy & Society",Question A,Reclassifying marijuana as a Schedule III drug would lead to measurably higher social welfare.,,46,41,7,17,14,3,0,3,2,0.585366,0.073171,0.341463,0.512195,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.073171,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-05-14-US-EEP-Drug-Policy.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.240000,0.410000,0.280000,0.060000,0.000000,0.650000,0.060000,0.590000,0.060000
europe-europes-single-market__question-a,europe__europes-single-market,Europe’s Single Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/europes-single-market/,Europe,2024-05-16,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"Greater integration of national markets for financial services, energy and telecommunications would give a measurable boost to Europe’s GDP over the next ten years.",,48,42,14,22,5,1,0,0,6,0.857143,0.023810,0.119048,0.833333,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.023810,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-05-16-Euro-EEP-Europes-Single-Market.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.380000,0.500000,0.100000,0.030000,0.000000,0.880000,0.030000,0.850000,0.030000
europe-europes-single-market__question-b,europe__europes-single-market,Europe’s Single Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/europes-single-market/,Europe,2024-05-16,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,The potential benefits for GDP from loosening European merger rules to allow greater consolidation within the single market would outweigh the potential harm to consumers from weaker competition.,,48,42,1,5,21,12,3,0,6,0.142857,0.357143,0.500000,-0.214286,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.142857,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-05-16-Euro-EEP-Europes-Single-Market.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.130000,0.460000,0.270000,0.100000,0.170000,0.370000,-0.200000,0.170000
us-tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles__question-a,us__tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles,Tariffs on Chinese Electric Vehicles,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles/,US,2024-05-29,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,The proposed US tariffs on Chinese EVs would lead to measurably higher employment in the US automotive industry over the next five years.,,46,43,0,19,19,5,0,0,3,0.441860,0.116279,0.441860,0.325581,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.116279,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-05-29-US-EEP-Tariffs-on-Chinese-Electric-Vehicles.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.000000,0.490000,0.370000,0.140000,0.000000,0.490000,0.140000,0.350000,0.140000
us-tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles__question-b,us__tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles,Tariffs on Chinese Electric Vehicles,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles/,US,2024-05-29,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,The proposed US tariffs on Chinese EVs would lead to measurably higher prices of EVs in the US.,,46,43,11,25,5,1,1,0,3,0.837209,0.046512,0.116279,0.790698,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.046512,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-05-29-US-EEP-Tariffs-on-Chinese-Electric-Vehicles.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.340000,0.540000,0.080000,0.000000,0.040000,0.880000,0.040000,0.840000,0.040000
us-tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles__question-c,us__tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles,Tariffs on Chinese Electric Vehicles,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles/,US,2024-05-29,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question C,The proposed US tariffs on Chinese EVs would measurably slow the adoption of green technology by consumers.,,46,43,6,21,12,3,1,0,3,0.627907,0.093023,0.279070,0.534884,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.093023,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-05-29-US-EEP-Tariffs-on-Chinese-Electric-Vehicles.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.210000,0.490000,0.210000,0.050000,0.040000,0.700000,0.090000,0.610000,0.090000
europe-tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles-2__question-a,europe__tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles-2,Tariffs on Chinese Electric Vehicles,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles-2/,Europe,2024-05-30,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,The proposed US tariffs on Chinese EVs would lead to measurably higher employment in the US automotive industry over the next five years.,,47,41,0,15,20,5,1,0,6,0.365854,0.146341,0.487805,0.219512,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.146341,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-05-30-Euro-EEP-Tariffs-on-Chinese-Electric-Vehicles.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.000000,0.380000,0.430000,0.140000,0.040000,0.380000,0.180000,0.200000,0.180000
europe-tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles-2__question-b,europe__tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles-2,Tariffs on Chinese Electric Vehicles,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles-2/,Europe,2024-05-30,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question B,The proposed US tariffs on Chinese EVs would measurably slow the adoption of green technology by consumers.,,47,41,3,29,8,1,0,0,6,0.780488,0.024390,0.195122,0.756098,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-05-30-Euro-EEP-Tariffs-on-Chinese-Electric-Vehicles.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.110000,0.740000,0.130000,0.020000,0.000000,0.850000,0.020000,0.830000,0.020000
europe-tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles-2__question-c,europe__tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles-2,Tariffs on Chinese Electric Vehicles,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs-on-chinese-electric-vehicles-2/,Europe,2024-05-30,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question C,"Unless the EU matches the proposed US tariffs on Chinese EVs, there would be measurably lower employment in Europe's automotive industry over the next five years.",,47,41,1,11,21,8,0,0,6,0.292683,0.195122,0.512195,0.097561,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.195122,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-05-30-Euro-EEP-Tariffs-on-Chinese-Electric-Vehicles.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Trade; International economics; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.030000,0.310000,0.450000,0.220000,0.000000,0.340000,0.220000,0.120000,0.220000
finance-foreign-exchange-interventions__question-a,finance__foreign-exchange-interventions,Foreign Exchange Interventions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/foreign-exchange-interventions/,Finance,2024-05-30,International Finance; International Trade & Exchange Rates,Question A,"It seems likely that Japanese authorities intervened in the foreign exchange market recently to prop up the yen – see, for example: https://www.ft.com/content/455784ec-0465-46ee-8c73-fc5ce3e31c37 . In such circumstances, intervention refers to purchases or sales of domestic or foreign currency without changing the monetary policy stance. Large-scale intervention by public authorities in currency markets can move exchange rates substantially.",,39,26,3,15,7,1,0,1,12,0.692308,0.038462,0.269231,0.653846,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.038462,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-05-30-Finance-Foreign-Exchange-Interventions.csv,mixed,,International economics; Trade; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.190000,0.540000,0.220000,0.040000,0.000000,0.730000,0.040000,0.690000,0.040000
finance-foreign-exchange-interventions__question-b,finance__foreign-exchange-interventions,Foreign Exchange Interventions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/foreign-exchange-interventions/,Finance,2024-05-30,International Finance; International Trade & Exchange Rates,Question B,The effectiveness of foreign exchange interventions can last beyond one month.,,39,25,0,7,12,6,0,2,12,0.280000,0.240000,0.480000,0.040000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.240000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-05-30-Finance-Foreign-Exchange-Interventions.csv,mixed,,International economics; Trade; Monetary policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.380000,0.410000,0.200000,0.000000,0.380000,0.200000,0.180000,0.200000
us-regulating-ai__question-a,us__regulating-ai,Regulating AI,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/regulating-ai/,US,2024-06-18,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Antitrust investigations of the dominant firms in artificial intelligence are likely to lead to substantially lower prices of AI products and services for businesses and consumers.,,46,38,0,9,19,10,0,0,8,0.236842,0.263158,0.500000,-0.026316,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.236842,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2024-06-18-US-EEP-Regulating-AI.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.220000,0.440000,0.340000,0.000000,0.220000,0.340000,-0.120000,0.220000
us-regulating-ai__question-b,us__regulating-ai,Regulating AI,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/regulating-ai/,US,2024-06-18,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Antitrust investigations of the dominant firms in artificial intelligence are likely to promote greater competition and innovation in AI.,,46,38,2,11,18,6,1,0,8,0.342105,0.184211,0.473684,0.157895,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.184211,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2024-06-18-US-EEP-Regulating-AI.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.090000,0.300000,0.370000,0.200000,0.040000,0.390000,0.240000,0.150000,0.240000
us-regulating-ai__question-c,us__regulating-ai,Regulating AI,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/regulating-ai/,US,2024-06-18,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,Potential harms from artificial intelligence are better assessed by market deployment rather than seeking to slow the pace of AI research and implementation.,,46,36,3,5,17,10,1,2,8,0.222222,0.305556,0.472222,-0.083333,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.222222,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2024-06-18-US-EEP-Regulating-AI.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.090000,0.150000,0.400000,0.320000,0.040000,0.240000,0.360000,-0.120000,0.240000
finance-public-and-private-equities__question-a,finance__public-and-private-equities,Public and Private Equities,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/public-and-private-equities/,Finance,2022-12-20,,Question A,"Although the reported volatility of asset values in private markets (private equity, buyouts, and venture capital) is lower than that of comparable assets in public markets, their true volatility is broadly similar or greater.",,40,26,8,15,3,0,0,6,8,0.884615,0.000000,0.115385,0.884615,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-12-20-Finance-Public-and-Private-Equities.csv,mixed,,Banking; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,0.360000,0.560000,0.080000,0.000000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000
finance-public-and-private-equities__question-b,finance__public-and-private-equities,Public and Private Equities,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/public-and-private-equities/,Finance,2022-12-20,,Question B,"Since the global financial crisis, the realized returns on private equities have measurably exceeded the returns on public equities.",,40,25,1,5,13,6,0,7,8,0.240000,0.240000,0.520000,0.000000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.240000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-12-20-Finance-Public-and-Private-Equities.csv,mixed,,Banking; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,0.060000,0.220000,0.430000,0.290000,0.000000,0.280000,0.290000,-0.010000,0.280000
europe-regulating-ai-2__question-a,europe__regulating-ai-2,Regulating AI,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/regulating-ai-2/,Europe,2024-06-27,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,US antitrust investigations of the dominant firms in artificial intelligence are warranted by the need to foster competition and innovation in the technologies.,,47,39,7,23,8,1,0,0,8,0.769231,0.025641,0.205128,0.743590,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2024-06-27-Euro-EEP-Regulating-AI.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.230000,0.580000,0.170000,0.020000,0.000000,0.810000,0.020000,0.790000,0.020000
europe-regulating-ai-2__question-b,europe__regulating-ai-2,Regulating AI,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/regulating-ai-2/,Europe,2024-06-27,"Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Seeking to slow the pace of artificial intelligence use and implementation would be a more effective means of assessing potential harms from the technologies than market deployment and ex post assessment.,,47,39,0,10,18,8,3,0,8,0.256410,0.282051,0.461538,-0.025641,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.256410,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2024-06-27-Euro-EEP-Regulating-AI.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.290000,0.370000,0.210000,0.140000,0.290000,0.350000,-0.060000,0.290000
us-publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy__question-a,us__publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy,"Publicly Traded Firms, Private Firms and the Economy",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy/,US,2024-07-03,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Finance and the Economy",Question A,"The lower willingness of private firms to go public, combined with the increased number of publicly traded firms being taken private over the last 25 years, is measurably net negative for economic growth.",,46,34,0,4,25,4,1,6,6,0.117647,0.147059,0.735294,-0.029412,Uncertain,Uncertain consensus,0.117647,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-03-US-EEP-Publicly-Traded-Firms-Private-Firms-and-the-Economy.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.150000,0.680000,0.110000,0.060000,0.150000,0.170000,-0.020000,0.150000
us-publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy__question-b,us__publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy,"Publicly Traded Firms, Private Firms and the Economy",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy/,US,2024-07-03,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Finance and the Economy",Question B,"All else equal, reducing regulatory barriers (including reporting requirements such as Sarbanes Oxley 404) to public listing would substantially increase the share of publicly traded firms in the economy.",,46,35,1,22,10,2,0,5,6,0.657143,0.057143,0.285714,0.600000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.057143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-03-US-EEP-Publicly-Traded-Firms-Private-Firms-and-the-Economy.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.060000,0.690000,0.210000,0.030000,0.000000,0.750000,0.030000,0.720000,0.030000
us-publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy__question-c,us__publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy,"Publicly Traded Firms, Private Firms and the Economy",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy/,US,2024-07-03,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Finance and the Economy",Question C,The lack of transparency about unlisted private firms' financial performance substantially hinders the efficiency of the allocation of capital.,,46,36,2,11,18,5,0,4,6,0.361111,0.138889,0.500000,0.222222,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.138889,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-03-US-EEP-Publicly-Traded-Firms-Private-Firms-and-the-Economy.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.080000,0.320000,0.430000,0.170000,0.000000,0.400000,0.170000,0.230000,0.170000
finance-publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy-2__question-a,finance__publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy-2,"Publicly Traded Firms, Private Firms and the Economy",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy-2/,Finance,2024-07-03,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Finance and the Economy",Question A,"The lower willingness of private firms to go public, combined with the increased number of publicly traded firms being taken private over the last 25 years, is measurably net negative for economic growth.",,39,31,1,5,16,8,1,0,8,0.193548,0.290323,0.516129,-0.096774,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.193548,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-03-Finance-Publicly-Traded-Firms-Private-Firms-and-the-Economy.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.050000,0.180000,0.470000,0.260000,0.040000,0.230000,0.300000,-0.070000,0.230000
finance-publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy-2__question-b,finance__publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy-2,"Publicly Traded Firms, Private Firms and the Economy",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy-2/,Finance,2024-07-03,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Finance and the Economy",Question B,"All else equal, reducing regulatory barriers (including reporting requirements such as Sarbanes Oxley 404) to public listing would substantially increase the share of publicly traded firms in the economy.",,39,31,2,26,1,2,0,0,8,0.903226,0.064516,0.032258,0.838710,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.064516,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-03-Finance-Publicly-Traded-Firms-Private-Firms-and-the-Economy.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.090000,0.810000,0.030000,0.080000,0.000000,0.900000,0.080000,0.820000,0.080000
finance-publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy-2__question-c,finance__publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy-2,"Publicly Traded Firms, Private Firms and the Economy",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/publicly-traded-firms-private-firms-and-the-economy-2/,Finance,2024-07-03,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Finance and the Economy",Question C,The lack of transparency about unlisted private firms' financial performance substantially hinders the efficiency of the allocation of capital.,,39,31,2,14,10,5,0,0,8,0.516129,0.161290,0.322581,0.354839,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.161290,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-03-Finance-Publicly-Traded-Firms-Private-Firms-and-the-Economy.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.080000,0.480000,0.270000,0.180000,0.000000,0.560000,0.180000,0.380000,0.180000
us-tax-cuts-extension__question-a,us__tax-cuts-extension,Tax Cuts Extension,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tax-cuts-extension/,US,2024-07-16,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"All else equal, making permanent the 2017 tax cuts that were set to expire at the end of 2025 would substantially increase federal deficits and the federal debt over the coming decade.",,45,41,20,19,2,0,0,1,3,0.951220,0.000000,0.048780,0.951220,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-16-US-EEP-Tax-Cuts-Extension.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.560000,0.400000,0.040000,0.000000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000
us-tax-cuts-extension__question-b,us__tax-cuts-extension,Tax Cuts Extension,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tax-cuts-extension/,US,2024-07-16,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,"All else equal, making permanent the 2017 tax cuts that were set to expire at the end of 2025 would measurably increase the rate of US economic growth over the coming decade.",,45,41,0,4,17,18,2,1,3,0.097561,0.487805,0.414634,-0.390244,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.097561,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-16-US-EEP-Tax-Cuts-Extension.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.120000,0.360000,0.440000,0.090000,0.120000,0.530000,-0.410000,0.120000
us-tax-cuts-extension__question-c,us__tax-cuts-extension,Tax Cuts Extension,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tax-cuts-extension/,US,2024-07-16,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending",Question C,"In the US, given Congressional budget scoring rules, temporary tax cuts generate sufficient pressure for extension as to be effectively permanent.",,45,40,2,10,19,9,0,2,3,0.300000,0.225000,0.475000,0.075000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.225000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-16-US-EEP-Tax-Cuts-Extension.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.070000,0.260000,0.460000,0.210000,0.000000,0.330000,0.210000,0.120000,0.210000
finance-corporate-social-responsibility-2__question-a,finance__corporate-social-responsibility-2,Corporate Social Responsibility,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/corporate-social-responsibility-2/,Finance,2024-07-19,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Corporate Governance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question A,Public companies that pursue social and environmental initiatives bear no measurable costs (in terms of lower profits) relative to similar companies that do not pursue such initiatives.,,39,35,0,2,10,15,8,0,4,0.057143,0.657143,0.285714,-0.600000,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.057143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-19-Finance-Corporate-Social-Responsibility.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.050000,0.240000,0.430000,0.280000,0.050000,0.710000,-0.660000,0.050000
finance-corporate-social-responsibility-2__question-b,finance__corporate-social-responsibility-2,Corporate Social Responsibility,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/corporate-social-responsibility-2/,Finance,2024-07-19,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Corporate Governance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question B,Public companies that pursue social and environmental initiatives benefit from a measurably lower cost of capital than similar companies that do not pursue such initiatives.,,39,34,0,8,19,5,2,1,4,0.235294,0.205882,0.558824,0.029412,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.205882,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-19-Finance-Corporate-Social-Responsibility.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.210000,0.550000,0.160000,0.070000,0.210000,0.230000,-0.020000,0.210000
finance-corporate-social-responsibility-2__question-c,finance__corporate-social-responsibility-2,Corporate Social Responsibility,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/corporate-social-responsibility-2/,Finance,2024-07-19,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Corporate Governance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question C,"There are substantial social benefits when managers of public companies make choices that account for the impact of their decisions on customers, employees, and community members beyond the effects on shareholders.",,39,34,2,18,8,5,1,1,4,0.588235,0.176471,0.235294,0.411765,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.176471,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-19-Finance-Corporate-Social-Responsibility.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.090000,0.500000,0.240000,0.150000,0.030000,0.590000,0.180000,0.410000,0.180000
us-national-rent-caps__question-a,us__national-rent-caps,National Rent Caps,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/national-rent-caps/,US,2024-07-23,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Investments; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"Capping annual rent increases by corporate landlords at 5%, as proposed by President Biden, would make middle-income Americans substantially better off over the next ten years.",,45,41,0,1,7,26,7,0,4,0.024390,0.804878,0.170732,-0.780488,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-23-US-EEP-National-Rent-Caps.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Financial regulation; Inequality/redistribution; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.020000,0.140000,0.620000,0.230000,0.020000,0.850000,-0.830000,0.020000
us-national-rent-caps__question-b,us__national-rent-caps,National Rent Caps,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/national-rent-caps/,US,2024-07-23,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Investments; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"Capping annual rent increases at 5%, as proposed by President Biden, would substantially reduce the amount of available apartments for rent over the next ten years.",,45,41,8,20,10,2,1,0,4,0.682927,0.073171,0.243902,0.609756,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.073171,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-23-US-EEP-National-Rent-Caps.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Financial regulation; Inequality/redistribution; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.290000,0.430000,0.220000,0.050000,0.020000,0.720000,0.070000,0.650000,0.070000
us-national-rent-caps__question-c,us__national-rent-caps,National Rent Caps,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/national-rent-caps/,US,2024-07-23,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Investments; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,"Capping annual rent increases at 5%, as proposed by President Biden, would substantially reduce US income inequality over the next ten years.",,45,40,0,0,10,24,6,1,4,0.000000,0.750000,0.250000,-0.750000,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-07-23-US-EEP-National-Rent-Caps.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Financial regulation; Inequality/redistribution; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.000000,0.210000,0.570000,0.220000,0.000000,0.790000,-0.790000,0.000000
finance-effects-of-end-of-day-trading__question-a,finance__effects-of-end-of-day-trading,Effects of End-of-Day Trading,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/effects-of-end-of-day-trading/,Finance,2024-08-09,Investment Management; Investments,Question A,"Stock markets around the world have seen an increasing concentration of trades in or near the closing auction. In the US, for example, about a third of all S&P 500 stock trades are now executed in the final ten minutes of the session, up from 27% in 2021. The increased concentration of trading in the final minutes of the trading day has a measurably detrimental effect on market quality.",,39,29,0,4,16,9,0,3,7,0.137931,0.310345,0.551724,-0.172414,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.137931,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/2024-08-09-Finance-Effects-of-End-of-Day-Trading.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.140000,0.520000,0.340000,0.000000,0.140000,0.340000,-0.200000,0.140000
finance-effects-of-end-of-day-trading__question-b,finance__effects-of-end-of-day-trading,Effects of End-of-Day Trading,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/effects-of-end-of-day-trading/,Finance,2024-08-09,Investment Management; Investments,Question B,Strict indexing implemented with trading at the close to avoid tracking error creates a measurable performance drag that could be avoided with more flexible passive strategies.,,39,30,0,14,12,3,1,2,7,0.466667,0.133333,0.400000,0.333333,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.133333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/2024-08-09-Finance-Effects-of-End-of-Day-Trading.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.490000,0.340000,0.130000,0.050000,0.490000,0.180000,0.310000,0.180000
finance-abnormal-returns-and-active-portfolio-management__question-a,finance__abnormal-returns-and-active-portfolio-management,Abnormal Returns and Active Portfolio Management,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/abnormal-returns-and-active-portfolio-management/,Finance,2024-09-04,"Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Investment Management; Investments",Question A,It is appropriate advice for retail investors to tilt their portfolio away from the market portfolio towards factors that have been identified in the academic literature to earn positive abnormal returns relative to the Capital Asset Pricing Model.,,39,32,0,13,11,6,2,0,7,0.406250,0.250000,0.343750,0.156250,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.250000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-04-Finance-Abnormal-Returns-and-Active-Portfolio-Management.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.410000,0.310000,0.210000,0.060000,0.410000,0.270000,0.140000,0.270000
europe-corporate-social-responsibility-3__question-a,europe__corporate-social-responsibility-3,Corporate Social Responsibility,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/corporate-social-responsibility-3/,Europe,2024-09-12,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question A,"In pursuing social and environmental initiatives, the average public company generates more benefits than costs in terms of profits.",,46,39,2,5,24,8,0,0,7,0.179487,0.205128,0.615385,-0.025641,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.179487,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-12-Euro-EEP-Corporate-Social-Responsibility.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.080000,0.140000,0.530000,0.250000,0.000000,0.220000,0.250000,-0.030000,0.220000
europe-corporate-social-responsibility-3__question-b,europe__corporate-social-responsibility-3,Corporate Social Responsibility,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/corporate-social-responsibility-3/,Europe,2024-09-12,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question B,"In pursuing social and environmental initiatives, public companies would benefit from a measurably lower cost of capital.",,46,39,1,16,11,11,0,0,7,0.435897,0.282051,0.282051,0.153846,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.282051,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-12-Euro-EEP-Corporate-Social-Responsibility.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.030000,0.450000,0.210000,0.310000,0.000000,0.480000,0.310000,0.170000,0.310000
europe-corporate-social-responsibility-3__question-c,europe__corporate-social-responsibility-3,Corporate Social Responsibility,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/corporate-social-responsibility-3/,Europe,2024-09-12,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question C,"There are substantial social benefits when managers of public companies make choices that account for the impact of their decisions on customers, employees, and community members beyond the effects on shareholders.",,46,38,6,22,8,2,0,1,7,0.736842,0.052632,0.210526,0.684211,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.052632,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-12-Euro-EEP-Corporate-Social-Responsibility.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.200000,0.540000,0.190000,0.060000,0.000000,0.740000,0.060000,0.680000,0.060000
finance-private-credit__question-a,finance__private-credit,Private Credit,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/private-credit/,Finance,2024-09-12,"Banking; Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Finance and the Economy",Question A,The large increase in the market for private credit as a substitute for bank finance substantially reduces systemic risk.,,39,34,0,4,17,13,0,1,4,0.117647,0.382353,0.500000,-0.264706,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.117647,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-12-Finance-Private-Credit.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.120000,0.490000,0.390000,0.000000,0.120000,0.390000,-0.270000,0.120000
finance-private-credit__question-b,finance__private-credit,Private Credit,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/private-credit/,Finance,2024-09-12,"Banking; Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Finance and the Economy",Question B,The growth in private credit is substantially higher because of regulations that disincentivize banks from lending to below investment grade private businesses.,,39,34,2,22,9,0,1,1,4,0.705882,0.029412,0.264706,0.676471,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.029412,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-12-Finance-Private-Credit.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.080000,0.680000,0.200000,0.000000,0.040000,0.760000,0.040000,0.720000,0.040000
finance-esg-shareholders-and-regulation__question-a,finance__esg-shareholders-and-regulation,"ESG, Shareholders, and Regulation",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/esg-shareholders-and-regulation/,Finance,2024-09-12,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Concerns about the environmental impact of companies are substantially better resolved by shareholder activism towards management than by regulations or government intervention.,,39,34,1,1,0,27,5,1,4,0.058824,0.941176,0.000000,-0.882353,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.058824,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-12-Finance-ESG-Shareholders-and-Regulation.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.010000,0.000000,0.760000,0.180000,0.050000,0.940000,-0.890000,0.050000
finance-esg-shareholders-and-regulation__question-b,finance__esg-shareholders-and-regulation,"ESG, Shareholders, and Regulation",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/esg-shareholders-and-regulation/,Finance,2024-09-12,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"Concerns about diversity, equality and inclusion within companies are substantially better resolved by shareholder activism towards management than by regulations or government intervention.",,39,34,2,4,10,15,3,1,4,0.176471,0.529412,0.294118,-0.352941,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.176471,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-12-Finance-ESG-Shareholders-and-Regulation.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.070000,0.110000,0.240000,0.480000,0.110000,0.180000,0.590000,-0.410000,0.180000
finance-trends-in-banking__question-a,finance__trends-in-banking,Trends in Banking,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trends-in-banking/,Finance,2024-09-19,Banking; Financial Regulation,Question A,"The trend of consolidation in the US banking sector will lead to fewer, but more profitable, mega-banks with over $250 billion in assets dominating the market.",,39,32,0,22,9,1,0,0,7,0.687500,0.031250,0.281250,0.656250,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.031250,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-19-Finance-Trends-in-Banking.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.740000,0.230000,0.030000,0.000000,0.740000,0.030000,0.710000,0.030000
finance-trends-in-banking__question-b,finance__trends-in-banking,Trends in Banking,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trends-in-banking/,Finance,2024-09-19,Banking; Financial Regulation,Question B,The current liquidity and capital regulations are inadequate to address run risks of banks in a digital era.,,39,32,2,16,8,6,0,0,7,0.562500,0.187500,0.250000,0.375000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.187500,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-19-Finance-Trends-in-Banking.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.080000,0.600000,0.180000,0.140000,0.000000,0.680000,0.140000,0.540000,0.140000
finance-cryptocurrency__question-a,finance__cryptocurrency,Cryptocurrency,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/cryptocurrency/,Finance,2024-09-25,Investment Management; Investments,Question A,"A bitcoin's value derives from the belief that others will want to use it, which implies that its purchasing power is likely to fluctuate over time to a degree that will limit its usefulness.",,39,34,9,21,4,0,0,1,4,0.882353,0.000000,0.117647,0.882353,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-25-Finance-Cryptocurrency.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.290000,0.590000,0.120000,0.000000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000
finance-cryptocurrency__question-b,finance__cryptocurrency,Cryptocurrency,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/cryptocurrency/,Finance,2024-09-25,Investment Management; Investments,Question B,"A substantial source of the value of unbacked decentralized private cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, arises from their convenience for use in illegal activities.",,39,34,8,17,8,1,0,1,4,0.735294,0.029412,0.235294,0.705882,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.029412,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-25-Finance-Cryptocurrency.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.260000,0.480000,0.220000,0.040000,0.000000,0.740000,0.040000,0.700000,0.040000
finance-cryptocurrency__question-c,finance__cryptocurrency,Cryptocurrency,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/cryptocurrency/,Finance,2024-09-25,Investment Management; Investments,Question C,A properly diversified portfolio should include crypto assets.,,39,35,0,6,6,17,6,0,4,0.171429,0.657143,0.171429,-0.485714,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.171429,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-25-Finance-Cryptocurrency.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.190000,0.150000,0.460000,0.210000,0.190000,0.670000,-0.480000,0.190000
europe-constraints-on-innovation-in-europe__question-a,europe__constraints-on-innovation-in-europe,Constraints on Innovation in Europe,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/constraints-on-innovation-in-europe/,Europe,2024-10-03,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Current enforcement of competition policy in Europe is not working to promote innovation and growth.,,46,37,1,16,13,6,1,2,7,0.459459,0.189189,0.351351,0.270270,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.189189,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-10-03-Euro-EEP-Constraints-on-Innovation-in-Europe.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.030000,0.450000,0.270000,0.210000,0.040000,0.480000,0.250000,0.230000,0.250000
europe-constraints-on-innovation-in-europe__question-b,europe__constraints-on-innovation-in-europe,Constraints on Innovation in Europe,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/constraints-on-innovation-in-europe/,Europe,2024-10-03,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,European Union bureaucracy and regulations are a substantial constraint on innovation in Europe.,,46,37,8,16,10,3,0,2,7,0.648649,0.081081,0.270270,0.567568,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.081081,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-10-03-Euro-EEP-Constraints-on-Innovation-in-Europe.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.270000,0.460000,0.180000,0.090000,0.000000,0.730000,0.090000,0.640000,0.090000
europe-constraints-on-innovation-in-europe__question-c,europe__constraints-on-innovation-in-europe,Constraints on Innovation in Europe,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/constraints-on-innovation-in-europe/,Europe,2024-10-03,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,The conduct of the dominant US tech companies in European markets (including lobbying and acquisition of start-ups and competitors) is a substantial constraint on innovation in Europe.,,46,38,1,14,19,4,0,1,7,0.394737,0.105263,0.500000,0.289474,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.105263,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-10-03-Euro-EEP-Constraints-on-Innovation-in-Europe.csv,mixed,,Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.060000,0.420000,0.370000,0.150000,0.000000,0.480000,0.150000,0.330000,0.150000
us-election-economic-policy-ideas__question-a,us__election-economic-policy-ideas,Election Economic Policy Ideas,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/election-economic-policy-ideas/,US,2024-09-10,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,Giving the President more direct influence over monetary policy would lead to substantially worse monetary policy decisions.,,44,44,35,6,1,0,2,0,0,0.931818,0.045455,0.022727,0.886364,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.045455,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-10-US-EEP-Election-Economic-Policy-Ideas.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition; Political economy,mixed,0.80,0.820000,0.110000,0.020000,0.000000,0.050000,0.930000,0.050000,0.880000,0.050000
us-election-economic-policy-ideas__question-b,us__election-economic-policy-ideas,Election Economic Policy Ideas,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/election-economic-policy-ideas/,US,2024-09-10,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"Imposing tariffs results in a substantial portion of the tariffs being borne by consumers of the country that enacts the tariffs, through price increases.",,44,44,19,23,1,1,0,0,0,0.954545,0.022727,0.022727,0.931818,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.022727,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-10-US-EEP-Election-Economic-Policy-Ideas.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition; Political economy,mixed,0.80,0.520000,0.440000,0.010000,0.030000,0.000000,0.960000,0.030000,0.930000,0.030000
us-election-economic-policy-ideas__question-c,us__election-economic-policy-ideas,Election Economic Policy Ideas,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/election-economic-policy-ideas/,US,2024-09-10,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,There is little empirical evidence that price gouging is causing high grocery prices.,,44,38,15,19,4,0,0,3,3,0.894737,0.000000,0.105263,0.894737,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-10-US-EEP-Election-Economic-Policy-Ideas.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition; Political economy,mixed,0.80,0.470000,0.430000,0.100000,0.000000,0.000000,0.900000,0.000000,0.900000,0.000000
us-election-economic-policy-ideas__question-d,us__election-economic-policy-ideas,Election Economic Policy Ideas,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/election-economic-policy-ideas/,US,2024-09-10,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question D,Widespread use of price controls creates substantial economic distortions.,,44,40,30,9,1,0,0,1,3,0.975000,0.000000,0.025000,0.975000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/2024-09-10-US-EEP-Election-Economic-Policy-Ideas.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition; Political economy,mixed,0.80,0.790000,0.200000,0.010000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
us-sovereign-wealth-funds__question-a,us__sovereign-wealth-funds,Sovereign Wealth Funds,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sovereign-wealth-funds/,US,2024-10-15,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"The Democrats and Republicans have floated the idea of a US sovereign wealth fund. For background, see here and here . Establishing a domestic sovereign wealth fund to invest in infrastructure, emerging technologies, and/or strategic sectors would bring substantial benefits to the US economy over a ten-year horizon.",,45,36,0,1,14,16,5,4,5,0.027778,0.583333,0.388889,-0.555556,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.027778,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024-10-15-US-EEP-Sovereign-Wealth-Funds.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Housing/urban policy; Industrial policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.020000,0.290000,0.470000,0.210000,0.020000,0.680000,-0.660000,0.020000
us-sovereign-wealth-funds__question-b,us__sovereign-wealth-funds,Sovereign Wealth Funds,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sovereign-wealth-funds/,US,2024-10-15,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,"The typical advanced economy could substantially boost growth by establishing a sovereign wealth fund to invest in infrastructure, emerging technologies, and/or strategic sectors.",,45,36,0,2,16,15,3,4,5,0.055556,0.500000,0.444444,-0.444444,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.055556,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024-10-15-US-EEP-Sovereign-Wealth-Funds.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Housing/urban policy; Industrial policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.060000,0.340000,0.450000,0.140000,0.060000,0.590000,-0.530000,0.060000
us-sovereign-wealth-funds__question-c,us__sovereign-wealth-funds,Sovereign Wealth Funds,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sovereign-wealth-funds/,US,2024-10-15,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,"For a typical advanced economy, establishing a sovereign wealth fund would be substantially better for citizens relative to paying down the debt as a use for excess revenue.",,45,36,0,2,15,13,6,4,5,0.055556,0.527778,0.416667,-0.472222,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.055556,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024-10-15-US-EEP-Sovereign-Wealth-Funds.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Housing/urban policy; Industrial policy; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.040000,0.330000,0.390000,0.240000,0.040000,0.630000,-0.590000,0.040000
us-institutions-and-prosperity__question-a,us__institutions-and-prosperity,Institutions and Prosperity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/institutions-and-prosperity/,US,2024-10-22,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,"The institutions of society - such as constitutions, laws, judiciaries, and property rights - substantially shape economic decisions, policies, and outcomes.",,45,43,31,12,0,0,0,0,2,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024-10-22-US-EEP-Institutions-and-Prosperity.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.760000,0.240000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-institutions-and-prosperity__question-b,us__institutions-and-prosperity,Institutions and Prosperity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/institutions-and-prosperity/,US,2024-10-22,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question B,"On average and over the long term, democracies deliver substantially better economic growth than other forms of government.",,45,42,6,30,6,0,0,1,2,0.857143,0.000000,0.142857,0.857143,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024-10-22-US-EEP-Institutions-and-Prosperity.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.190000,0.660000,0.140000,0.000000,0.000000,0.850000,0.000000,0.850000,0.000000
us-institutions-and-prosperity__question-c,us__institutions-and-prosperity,Institutions and Prosperity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/institutions-and-prosperity/,US,2024-10-22,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question C,Countries where democracy and the rule of law are weakened are likely to experience measurable damage to their economic performance.,,45,42,11,27,4,0,0,1,2,0.904762,0.000000,0.095238,0.904762,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024-10-22-US-EEP-Institutions-and-Prosperity.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.300000,0.640000,0.060000,0.000000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000
europe-institutions-and-prosperity-2__question-a,europe__institutions-and-prosperity-2,Institutions and Prosperity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/institutions-and-prosperity-2/,Europe,2024-10-22,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,"The institutions of society - such as constitutions, laws, judiciaries, and property rights - substantially shape economic decisions, policies, and outcomes.",,46,41,33,8,0,0,0,0,5,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024-10-22-Euro-EEP-Institutions-and-Prosperity.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.840000,0.160000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
europe-institutions-and-prosperity-2__question-b,europe__institutions-and-prosperity-2,Institutions and Prosperity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/institutions-and-prosperity-2/,Europe,2024-10-22,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question B,"On average and over the long term, democracies deliver substantially better economic growth than other forms of government.",,46,41,6,24,10,1,0,0,5,0.731707,0.024390,0.243902,0.707317,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024-10-22-Euro-EEP-Institutions-and-Prosperity.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.170000,0.580000,0.220000,0.030000,0.000000,0.750000,0.030000,0.720000,0.030000
europe-institutions-and-prosperity-2__question-c,europe__institutions-and-prosperity-2,Institutions and Prosperity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/institutions-and-prosperity-2/,Europe,2024-10-22,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question C,Countries where democracy and the rule of law are weakened are likely to experience measurable damage to their economic performance.,,46,41,10,26,4,1,0,0,5,0.878049,0.024390,0.097561,0.853659,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024-10-22-Euro-EEP-Institutions-and-Prosperity.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.290000,0.610000,0.070000,0.030000,0.000000,0.900000,0.030000,0.870000,0.030000
us-sports-betting__question-a,us__sports-betting,Sports Betting,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sports-betting/,US,2018-05-22,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,"All things considered, US society will be better off if sports betting becomes legal in more US states (beyond Nevada).",,43,33,0,10,17,6,0,4,6,0.303030,0.181818,0.515152,0.121212,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.181818,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/2018-05-22-US-EEP-Sports-Betting.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.320000,0.520000,0.160000,0.000000,0.320000,0.160000,0.160000,0.160000
us-fracking__question-a,us__fracking,Fracking,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fracking/,US,2012-05-23,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"New technology for fracking natural gas, by lowering energy costs in the United States, will make US industrial firms more cost competitive and thus significantly stimulate the growth of US merchandise exports.",,40,29,2,10,7,9,1,3,8,0.413793,0.344828,0.241379,0.068966,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.344828,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/2012-05-23-US-EEP-Fracking.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.090000,0.340000,0.180000,0.340000,0.050000,0.430000,0.390000,0.040000,0.390000
us-crypto-assets__question-a,us__crypto-assets,Crypto Assets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/crypto-assets/,US,2022-02-28,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,"High volatility in the prices of crypto assets such as Bitcoin, Dogecoin, and Ethereum largely reflects movements in investor sentiment rather than news about potential sources of fundamental value (such as possible applications, or use in illicit transactions).",,43,40,14,19,7,0,0,0,3,0.825000,0.000000,0.175000,0.825000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2022-02-28-US-EEP-Crypto-Assets.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.460000,0.420000,0.120000,0.000000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000
us-crypto-assets__question-b,us__crypto-assets,Crypto Assets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/crypto-assets/,US,2022-02-28,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,"Given existing regulations, as crypto assets grow in value and become more connected to the rest of the financial system, the fluctuations in their valuations pose a serious risk to financial stability in advanced economies.",,43,40,2,16,18,4,0,0,3,0.450000,0.100000,0.450000,0.350000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2022-02-28-US-EEP-Crypto-Assets.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.100000,0.450000,0.370000,0.070000,0.000000,0.550000,0.070000,0.480000,0.070000
finance-sovereign-wealth-funds-2__question-a,finance__sovereign-wealth-funds-2,Sovereign Wealth Funds,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sovereign-wealth-funds-2/,Finance,2024-10-24,Investment Management; Investments,Question A,"Establishing a sovereign wealth fund to invest in domestic infrastructure, emerging technologies, and/or strategic sectors would bring substantial benefits to the US economy over a ten-year horizon.",,39,32,0,4,8,15,5,1,6,0.125000,0.625000,0.250000,-0.500000,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.125000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024-10-24-Finance-Sovereign-Wealth-Funds.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.110000,0.200000,0.480000,0.210000,0.110000,0.690000,-0.580000,0.110000
finance-sovereign-wealth-funds-2__question-b,finance__sovereign-wealth-funds-2,Sovereign Wealth Funds,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sovereign-wealth-funds-2/,Finance,2024-10-24,Investment Management; Investments,Question B,"For the US, establishing a sovereign wealth fund would be substantially better for citizens relative to reducing public debt burdens.",,39,31,0,0,8,16,7,2,6,0.000000,0.741935,0.258065,-0.741935,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024-10-24-Finance-Sovereign-Wealth-Funds.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.000000,0.180000,0.540000,0.280000,0.000000,0.820000,-0.820000,0.000000
us-social-security__question-a,us__social-security,Social Security,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/social-security/,US,2024-11-14,Public Debt & Deficits; Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"The Trustees of the U.S. Social Security system currently estimate that the OASI trust fund will be exhausted in 2033, after which substantial benefit cuts are mandated without a change in the law. The response to the impending exhaustion of the OASI trust fund is likely to rely more on general government borrowing than on increases in social security taxes or reductions in social security benefits.",,45,39,2,21,14,2,0,2,4,0.589744,0.051282,0.358974,0.538462,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.051282,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-11-14-US-EEP-Social-Security.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Political economy; Taxation,source,0.90,0.090000,0.610000,0.280000,0.030000,0.000000,0.700000,0.030000,0.670000,0.030000
us-social-security__question-b,us__social-security,Social Security,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/social-security/,US,2024-11-14,Public Debt & Deficits; Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,"As in the most recent major change in Social Security finances (adopted in 1983), the most prudent way to address the impending exhaustion of the OASI trust fund would feature a balanced combination of payroll tax increases and reductions in the benefits received for any given retirement age.",,45,40,4,19,12,5,0,1,4,0.575000,0.125000,0.300000,0.450000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.125000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-11-14-US-EEP-Social-Security.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Political economy; Taxation,source,0.90,0.170000,0.480000,0.250000,0.100000,0.000000,0.650000,0.100000,0.550000,0.100000
finance-stock-market-investing__question-a,finance__stock-market-investing,Stock Market Investing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stock-market-investing/,Finance,2024-11-19,Investment Management; Investments,Question A,"In general, absent any proprietary information, a retail equity investor cannot consistently make accurate predictions about whether the price of an individual stock will rise or fall on a given day.",,39,35,27,8,0,0,0,1,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-11-19-Finance-Stock-Market-Investing.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.780000,0.220000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
finance-stock-market-investing__question-b,finance__stock-market-investing,Stock Market Investing,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stock-market-investing/,Finance,2024-11-19,Investment Management; Investments,Question B,"In general, absent any proprietary information, a retail equity investor can expect to do better by holding a well-diversified, low-fee, passive index fund than by holding a few stocks.",,39,35,26,9,0,0,0,1,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-11-19-Finance-Stock-Market-Investing.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.770000,0.230000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
europe-economics-and-elections__question-a,europe__economics-and-elections,Economics and Elections,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economics-and-elections/,Europe,2024-11-21,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,A period of high inflation is substantially more electorally damaging to incumbent governments in advanced countries than a period of high unemployment.,,46,39,4,7,24,4,0,0,7,0.282051,0.102564,0.615385,0.179487,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.102564,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-11-21-Euro-EEP-Economics-and-Elections.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.150000,0.150000,0.590000,0.110000,0.000000,0.300000,0.110000,0.190000,0.110000
europe-economics-and-elections__question-b,europe__economics-and-elections,Economics and Elections,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economics-and-elections/,Europe,2024-11-21,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,Voters are more likely to punish incumbents for what they perceive as poor national economic performance than they are to reward incumbents for a good economy.,,46,39,3,25,11,0,0,0,7,0.717949,0.000000,0.282051,0.717949,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-11-21-Euro-EEP-Economics-and-Elections.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.670000,0.230000,0.000000,0.000000,0.780000,0.000000,0.780000,0.000000
us-department-of-education__question-a,us__department-of-education,Department of Education,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/department-of-education/,US,2024-12-03,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Education & Skills; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"Given that much of the Department of Education's budget is allocated to postsecondary education (including Pell grants and student loans), closing the department would have no measurable effect on the average K to 12th grade school student. Link: https://www.kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/USDeptOfEducation_2024_Appropriations.pdf",,45,39,1,4,15,15,4,2,4,0.128205,0.487179,0.384615,-0.358974,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.128205,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/2024-12-03-US-EEP-Department-of-Education.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Education; Labor markets; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.050000,0.120000,0.290000,0.390000,0.140000,0.170000,0.530000,-0.360000,0.170000
europe-global-warming__question-a,europe__global-warming,Global Warming,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/global-warming/,Europe,2024-12-04,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"On the basis of current climate policy commitments and potential technology and market responses, my current best estimate for global warming is that average global temperatures by 2100 will rise to no more than 2.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.",,46,35,0,6,20,8,1,6,5,0.171429,0.257143,0.571429,-0.085714,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.171429,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/2024-12-04-Euro-EEP-Global-Warming.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.150000,0.520000,0.290000,0.050000,0.150000,0.340000,-0.190000,0.150000
finance-investing-in-private-assets__question-a,finance__investing-in-private-assets,Investing in Private Assets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/investing-in-private-assets/,Finance,2024-12-18,Investment Management; Investments,Question A,A properly diversified 401k account should include private equity and private credit assets.,,39,38,4,12,13,8,1,0,1,0.421053,0.236842,0.342105,0.184211,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.236842,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/2024-12-18-Finance-Investing-in-Private-Assets.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.130000,0.300000,0.340000,0.190000,0.030000,0.430000,0.220000,0.210000,0.220000
us-tariffs-technology-and-growth__question-a,us__tariffs-technology-and-growth,"Tariffs, Technology, and Growth",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs-technology-and-growth/,US,2024-12-18,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Doubling existing tariffs on imports from China of critical production components in solar energy manufacturing will provide a substantial boost to employment in the domestic 'cleantech' sector over the next five years.,,45,43,1,7,17,16,2,2,0,0.186047,0.418605,0.395349,-0.232558,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.186047,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/2024-12-18-US-EEP-Tariffs-Technology-and-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics; Industrial policy; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.020000,0.170000,0.320000,0.430000,0.060000,0.190000,0.490000,-0.300000,0.190000
us-tariffs-technology-and-growth__question-b,us__tariffs-technology-and-growth,"Tariffs, Technology, and Growth",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs-technology-and-growth/,US,2024-12-18,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Disruptions to global supply chains from new tariffs and trade wars will lead to measurably slower global growth over the next five years.,,45,43,8,25,9,1,0,2,0,0.767442,0.023256,0.209302,0.744186,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.023256,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/2024-12-18-US-EEP-Tariffs-Technology-and-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics; Industrial policy; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.240000,0.590000,0.150000,0.020000,0.000000,0.830000,0.020000,0.810000,0.020000
europe-europes-defense-sector__question-a,europe__europes-defense-sector,Europe’s Defense Sector,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/europes-defense-sector/,Europe,2024-12-19,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question A,The likely need for increased European public investment in defense should come with substantial reallocations of public budgets at the national and EU levels.,,46,38,9,24,5,0,0,1,7,0.868421,0.000000,0.131579,0.868421,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/2024-12-19-Euro-EEP-Europes-Defense-Sector.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.340000,0.580000,0.080000,0.000000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000,0.920000,0.000000
europe-europes-defense-sector__question-b,europe__europes-defense-sector,Europe’s Defense Sector,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/europes-defense-sector/,Europe,2024-12-19,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question B,Greater use of joint EU-level procurement of military equipment and defense research/innovation would promote substantially enhanced capacity in Europe's defense industry.,,46,38,9,23,5,0,1,1,7,0.842105,0.026316,0.131579,0.815789,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/2024-12-19-Euro-EEP-Europes-Defense-Sector.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.320000,0.520000,0.120000,0.000000,0.040000,0.840000,0.040000,0.800000,0.040000
europe-europes-defense-sector__question-c,europe__europes-defense-sector,Europe’s Defense Sector,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/europes-defense-sector/,Europe,2024-12-19,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question C,Increased defense spending would deliver a measurable boost to economic growth in Europe over the next five years.,,46,39,1,10,26,2,0,0,7,0.282051,0.051282,0.666667,0.230769,Uncertain,Uncertain consensus,0.051282,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/2024-12-19-Euro-EEP-Europes-Defense-Sector.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.280000,0.630000,0.040000,0.000000,0.320000,0.040000,0.280000,0.040000
us-wildfires-2__question-a,us__wildfires-2,Wildfires,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/wildfires-2/,US,2025-01-22,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"California's insurance industry regulator issued statements shortly before and shortly after the recent wildfires started (on December 30, 2024, and January 9, 2025): https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2024/release065-2024.cfm https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2025/release005-2025.cfm In the face of growing wildfire risks, price caps on insurance premiums have substantially reduced the viability of private property insurance markets in California.",,45,42,11,28,3,0,0,0,3,0.928571,0.000000,0.071429,0.928571,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-01-22-US-EEP-Wildfires.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.290000,0.660000,0.050000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
us-wildfires-2__question-b,us__wildfires-2,Wildfires,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/wildfires-2/,US,2025-01-22,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,A mandatory one-year moratorium on insurance non-renewals and cancellations would lead to a substantial longer-term reduction in the supply of private home insurance products and the number of households that are insured against catastrophic risk in areas of California affected by recent wildfires.,,45,41,2,19,19,1,0,1,3,0.512195,0.024390,0.463415,0.487805,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-01-22-US-EEP-Wildfires.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.080000,0.550000,0.350000,0.020000,0.000000,0.630000,0.020000,0.610000,0.020000
finance-wildfires__question-a,finance__wildfires,Wildfires,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/wildfires/,Finance,2025-01-22,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"California's insurance industry regulator issued statements shortly before and shortly after the recent wildfires started (on December 30, 2024, and January 9, 2025): https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2024/release065-2024.cfm https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2025/release005-2025.cfm In the face of growing wildfire risks, price caps on insurance premiums have substantially reduced the viability of private property insurance markets in California.",,39,33,13,18,2,0,0,0,6,0.939394,0.000000,0.060606,0.939394,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-01-22-Finance-Wildfires.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.460000,0.490000,0.050000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
finance-wildfires__question-b,finance__wildfires,Wildfires,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/wildfires/,Finance,2025-01-22,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,A mandatory one-year moratorium on insurance non-renewals and cancellations would lead to a substantial longer-term reduction in the supply of private home insurance products and the number of households that are insured against catastrophic risk in areas of California affected by recent wildfires.,,39,33,3,21,8,1,0,0,6,0.727273,0.030303,0.242424,0.696970,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.030303,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-01-22-Finance-Wildfires.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.090000,0.680000,0.200000,0.040000,0.000000,0.770000,0.040000,0.730000,0.040000
europe-trade-policy__question-a,europe__trade-policy,Trade Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trade-policy/,Europe,2025-01-23,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,A baseline US tariff of 10% on all European imported goods would have substantially damaging economic consequences for many countries in Europe.,,46,40,6,23,7,4,0,0,6,0.725000,0.100000,0.175000,0.625000,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-01-23-Euro-EEP-Trade-Policy.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.170000,0.570000,0.150000,0.110000,0.000000,0.740000,0.110000,0.630000,0.110000
europe-trade-policy__question-b,europe__trade-policy,Trade Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trade-policy/,Europe,2025-01-23,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,"Rather than responding to threatened tariffs with retaliatory measures, unilaterally opening EU markets to US exports would deliver better outcomes for European industry.",,46,39,1,13,20,4,1,1,6,0.358974,0.128205,0.512821,0.230769,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.128205,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-01-23-Euro-EEP-Trade-Policy.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.020000,0.370000,0.440000,0.130000,0.040000,0.390000,0.170000,0.220000,0.170000
europe-trade-policy__question-c,europe__trade-policy,Trade Policy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trade-policy/,Europe,2025-01-23,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question C,Disruptions to global supply chains from new tariffs and trade wars will lead to measurably slower global growth over the next five years.,,46,40,12,27,1,0,0,0,6,0.975000,0.000000,0.025000,0.975000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-01-23-Euro-EEP-Trade-Policy.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics; Taxation,mixed,0.80,0.300000,0.670000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000
us-executive-orders-on-energy-and-climate__question-a,us__executive-orders-on-energy-and-climate,Executive Orders on Energy and Climate,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/executive-orders-on-energy-and-climate/,US,2025-02-04,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"The new administration has issued three executive orders related to energy and climate: Declaring a National Energy Emergency: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/declaring-a-national-energy-emergency/ 'The United States’ insufficient energy production, transportation, refining, and generation constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat to our Nation’s economy, national security, and foreign policy. In light of these findings, I hereby declare a national emergency.' Insufficient energy production, transportation, refining, and generation constitute a substantial threat to the US economy.",,46,39,1,4,5,15,14,0,7,0.128205,0.743590,0.128205,-0.615385,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.128205,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2025-02-04-US-EEP-Executive-Orders-on-Energy-and-Climate.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.020000,0.090000,0.060000,0.350000,0.480000,0.110000,0.830000,-0.720000,0.110000
us-executive-orders-on-energy-and-climate__question-b,us__executive-orders-on-energy-and-climate,Executive Orders on Energy and Climate,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/executive-orders-on-energy-and-climate/,US,2025-02-04,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"Unleashing American Energy: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/unleashing-american-energy/ 'The calculation of the “social cost of carbon” is marked by logical deficiencies, a poor basis in empirical science, politicization, and the absence of a foundation in legislation… rendering the United States economy internationally uncompetitive… the Administrator of the EPA shall issue guidance to address these harmful and detrimental inadequacies, including consideration of eliminating the “social cost of carbon” calculation from any Federal permitting or regulatory decision.' Eliminating the ‘social cost of carbon’ calculation from any Federal permitting or regulatory decision would substantially improve the international competitiveness of the US economy.",,46,38,0,1,8,15,14,1,7,0.026316,0.763158,0.210526,-0.736842,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.026316,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2025-02-04-US-EEP-Executive-Orders-on-Energy-and-Climate.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.020000,0.160000,0.310000,0.510000,0.020000,0.820000,-0.800000,0.020000
us-executive-orders-on-energy-and-climate__question-c,us__executive-orders-on-energy-and-climate,Executive Orders on Energy and Climate,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/executive-orders-on-energy-and-climate/,US,2025-02-04,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,"Putting America First in International Environmental Agreements: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/putting-america-first-in-international-environmental-agreements/ 'In recent years, the United States has purported to join international agreements and initiatives that do not reflect our country’s values or our contributions to the pursuit of economic and environmental objectives… The United States Ambassador to the United Nations shall immediately submit formal written notification of the United States’ withdrawal from the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.' Withdrawal from the Paris climate agreement will deliver a measurable boost to US economic growth over the next four years.",,46,39,0,3,8,17,11,0,7,0.076923,0.717949,0.205128,-0.641026,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.076923,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2025-02-04-US-EEP-Executive-Orders-on-Energy-and-Climate.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.050000,0.170000,0.370000,0.420000,0.050000,0.790000,-0.740000,0.050000
europe-us-withdrawal-from-the-paris-agreement__question-a,europe__us-withdrawal-from-the-paris-agreement,US Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/us-withdrawal-from-the-paris-agreement/,Europe,2025-02-05,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question A,"Putting America First in International Environmental Agreements: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/putting-america-first-in-international-environmental-agreements/ 'In recent years, the United States has purported to join international agreements and initiatives that do not reflect our country's values or our contributions to the pursuit of economic and environmental objectives... The United States Ambassador to the United Nations shall immediately submit formal written notification of the United States' withdrawal from the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.' US withdrawal from the Paris climate agreement will deliver a measurable boost to the country's economic growth over the next four years.",,46,37,0,1,14,18,4,0,9,0.027027,0.594595,0.378378,-0.567568,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.027027,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2025-02-05-Euro-EEP-US-Withdrawal-from-the-Paris-Agreement.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.020000,0.360000,0.500000,0.120000,0.020000,0.620000,-0.600000,0.020000
europe-us-withdrawal-from-the-paris-agreement__question-b,europe__us-withdrawal-from-the-paris-agreement,US Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/us-withdrawal-from-the-paris-agreement/,Europe,2025-02-05,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question B,US withdrawal from the Paris climate agreement will have a measurably negative impact on international progress on mitigation of global warming.,,46,37,15,17,4,1,0,0,9,0.864865,0.027027,0.108108,0.837838,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.027027,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2025-02-05-Euro-EEP-US-Withdrawal-from-the-Paris-Agreement.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.470000,0.410000,0.090000,0.040000,0.000000,0.880000,0.040000,0.840000,0.040000
us-enforcing-the-foreign-corrupt-practices-act__question-a,us__enforcing-the-foreign-corrupt-practices-act,Enforcing the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/enforcing-the-foreign-corrupt-practices-act/,US,2025-02-18,,Question A,The president has signed an executive order that pauses enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Permanently ending US enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act will substantially increase global levels of bribery and corruption.,,46,37,11,19,6,1,0,6,3,0.810811,0.027027,0.162162,0.783784,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.027027,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2025-02-18-US-EEP-Enforcing-the-Foreign-Corrupt-Practices-Act.csv,mixed,,International economics,model_assigned,0.65,0.390000,0.440000,0.140000,0.030000,0.000000,0.830000,0.030000,0.800000,0.030000
us-enforcing-the-foreign-corrupt-practices-act__question-b,us__enforcing-the-foreign-corrupt-practices-act,Enforcing the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/enforcing-the-foreign-corrupt-practices-act/,US,2025-02-18,,Question B,Permanently ending US enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act will substantially improve US businesses' long-term profits and long-term competitiveness.,,46,37,0,0,21,12,4,6,3,0.000000,0.432432,0.567568,-0.432432,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2025-02-18-US-EEP-Enforcing-the-Foreign-Corrupt-Practices-Act.csv,mixed,,International economics,model_assigned,0.65,0.000000,0.000000,0.470000,0.390000,0.150000,0.000000,0.540000,-0.540000,0.000000
europe-immigration-to-germany-and-the-eu__question-a,europe__immigration-to-germany-and-the-eu,Immigration to Germany and the EU,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/immigration-to-germany-and-the-eu/,Europe,2025-02-20,,Question A,The wave of immigration to Germany after 2015 (and up to the Russian invasion of Ukraine) has been a net positive for the country's economy.,,46,34,2,14,15,1,2,1,11,0.470588,0.088235,0.441176,0.382353,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.088235,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2025-02-20-Euro-EEP-Immigration-to-Germany-and-the-EU.csv,mixed,,Taxation; Immigration; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,0.090000,0.420000,0.360000,0.040000,0.090000,0.510000,0.130000,0.380000,0.130000
europe-immigration-to-germany-and-the-eu__question-b,europe__immigration-to-germany-and-the-eu,Immigration to Germany and the EU,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/immigration-to-germany-and-the-eu/,Europe,2025-02-20,,Question B,"Immigration to EU countries has been a net positive for government finances, adding substantially more in tax revenues than the increased costs associated with integration of immigrants.",,46,34,3,12,15,3,1,1,11,0.441176,0.117647,0.441176,0.323529,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.117647,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2025-02-20-Euro-EEP-Immigration-to-Germany-and-the-EU.csv,mixed,,Taxation; Immigration; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,0.130000,0.360000,0.360000,0.110000,0.050000,0.490000,0.160000,0.330000,0.160000
europe-immigration-to-germany-and-the-eu__question-c,europe__immigration-to-germany-and-the-eu,Immigration to Germany and the EU,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/immigration-to-germany-and-the-eu/,Europe,2025-02-20,,Question C,"Given Europe's low and falling fertility rates (from seven million births per year in 1960 to four million today), maintaining its position as a world economic power will require increased immigration over the medium term.",,46,35,5,19,5,6,0,0,11,0.685714,0.171429,0.142857,0.514286,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.171429,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2025-02-20-Euro-EEP-Immigration-to-Germany-and-the-EU.csv,mixed,,Taxation; Immigration; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,0.160000,0.560000,0.090000,0.200000,0.000000,0.720000,0.200000,0.520000,0.200000
finance-crypto-holdings-by-us-public-authorities__question-a,finance__crypto-holdings-by-us-public-authorities,Crypto Holdings by US Public Authorities,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/crypto-holdings-by-us-public-authorities/,Finance,2025-02-19,,Question A,Central banks' international reserves portfolios would have substantially lower risk if they were to hold a substantial portion of their reserves in crypto assets.,,39,34,0,0,3,9,22,0,5,0.000000,0.911765,0.088235,-0.911765,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2025-02-19-Finance-Crypto-Holdings-by-US-Public-Authorities.csv,mixed,,International economics,model_assigned,0.65,0.000000,0.000000,0.080000,0.180000,0.740000,0.000000,0.920000,-0.920000,0.000000
finance-crypto-holdings-by-us-public-authorities__question-b,finance__crypto-holdings-by-us-public-authorities,Crypto Holdings by US Public Authorities,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/crypto-holdings-by-us-public-authorities/,Finance,2025-02-19,,Question B,The US economy would benefit substantially by borrowing money to form a strategic crypto asset reserve fund.,,39,34,1,0,3,8,22,0,5,0.029412,0.882353,0.088235,-0.852941,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.029412,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2025-02-19-Finance-Crypto-Holdings-by-US-Public-Authorities.csv,mixed,,International economics,model_assigned,0.65,0.040000,0.000000,0.040000,0.180000,0.740000,0.040000,0.920000,-0.880000,0.040000
finance-independent-financial-regulatory-agencies__question-a,finance__independent-financial-regulatory-agencies,Independent Financial Regulatory Agencies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/independent-financial-regulatory-agencies/,Finance,2025-03-12,Financial Crises; Financial Regulation,Question A,Giving the White House more direct influence over the decisions of the financial regulatory agencies would substantially improve financial stability.,,39,34,0,0,6,10,18,0,5,0.000000,0.823529,0.176471,-0.823529,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-03-12-Finance-Independent-Financial-Regulatory-Agencies.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.000000,0.150000,0.280000,0.570000,0.000000,0.850000,-0.850000,0.000000
finance-capping-credit-card-interest-rates__question-a,finance__capping-credit-card-interest-rates,Capping Credit Card Interest Rates,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/capping-credit-card-interest-rates/,Finance,2025-03-25,Financial Regulation; Personal Finance,Question A,A bipartisan bill to cap credit card interest rates at 10% has been introduced recently in the House and the Senate: https://ocasio-cortez.house.gov/media/press-releases/ocasio-cortez-luna-introduce-bill-cap-credit-card-interest-rates-10 Capping credit card interest rates at 10% would make most users measurably better off.,,39,35,0,1,7,17,10,0,4,0.028571,0.771429,0.200000,-0.742857,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.028571,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-03-25-Finance-Capping-Credit-Card-Interest-Rates.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.030000,0.120000,0.530000,0.320000,0.030000,0.850000,-0.820000,0.030000
finance-capping-credit-card-interest-rates__question-b,finance__capping-credit-card-interest-rates,Capping Credit Card Interest Rates,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/capping-credit-card-interest-rates/,Finance,2025-03-25,Financial Regulation; Personal Finance,Question B,Capping credit card interest rates at 10% would lead to a substantial reduction in access to credit for low-income borrowers.,,39,35,11,21,2,0,1,0,4,0.914286,0.028571,0.057143,0.885714,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.028571,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-03-25-Finance-Capping-Credit-Card-Interest-Rates.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.330000,0.590000,0.040000,0.000000,0.040000,0.920000,0.040000,0.880000,0.040000
us-economic-statistics__question-a,us__economic-statistics,Economic Statistics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-statistics/,US,2025-03-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question A,The termination of the Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Council and shrinking staff at the core US statistical agencies will lead to a substantial reduction in the reliability of government economic data.,,46,42,23,15,4,0,0,0,4,0.904762,0.000000,0.095238,0.904762,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-03-25-US-EEP-Economic-Statistics.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.650000,0.290000,0.060000,0.000000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000
us-economic-statistics__question-b,us__economic-statistics,Economic Statistics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-statistics/,US,2025-03-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question B,The quality of economic policy-making will be substantially impaired by reduced funding for the core US statistical agencies.,,46,42,21,20,0,1,0,0,4,0.976190,0.023810,0.000000,0.952381,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.023810,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-03-25-US-EEP-Economic-Statistics.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.630000,0.360000,0.000000,0.010000,0.000000,0.990000,0.010000,0.980000,0.010000
us-economic-statistics__question-c,us__economic-statistics,Economic Statistics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-statistics/,US,2025-03-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations",Question C,The ability of businesses to forecast and plan will be substantially impaired by lower quality economic data.,,46,42,15,21,6,0,0,0,4,0.857143,0.000000,0.142857,0.857143,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-03-25-US-EEP-Economic-Statistics.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.470000,0.430000,0.090000,0.000000,0.000000,0.900000,0.000000,0.900000,0.000000
finance-debt-and-the-dollar__question-a,finance__debt-and-the-dollar,Debt and the Dollar,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/debt-and-the-dollar/,Finance,2025-04-09,International Finance; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Public Debt & Deficits,Question A,The US dollar's status as the dominant reserve currency substantially raises its value.,,39,29,7,18,3,1,0,2,8,0.862069,0.034483,0.103448,0.827586,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.034483,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2025-04-09-Finance-Debt-and-the-Dollar.csv,mixed,,International economics; Trade; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.250000,0.610000,0.100000,0.040000,0.000000,0.860000,0.040000,0.820000,0.040000
finance-debt-and-the-dollar__question-b,finance__debt-and-the-dollar,Debt and the Dollar,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/debt-and-the-dollar/,Finance,2025-04-09,International Finance; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Public Debt & Deficits,Question B,US-led policy interventions that discouraged central banks from holding US treasury securities would substantially diminish the dollar's reserve currency status.,,39,29,7,15,6,1,0,2,8,0.758621,0.034483,0.206897,0.724138,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.034483,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2025-04-09-Finance-Debt-and-the-Dollar.csv,mixed,,International economics; Trade; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.350000,0.490000,0.120000,0.040000,0.000000,0.840000,0.040000,0.800000,0.040000
finance-debt-and-the-dollar__question-c,finance__debt-and-the-dollar,Debt and the Dollar,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/debt-and-the-dollar/,Finance,2025-04-09,International Finance; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Public Debt & Deficits,Question C,US-led policy interventions that led to a sustained weakening in the dollar would substantially damage the US government's ability to finance its deficits.,,39,30,3,14,11,2,0,1,8,0.566667,0.066667,0.366667,0.500000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.066667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2025-04-09-Finance-Debt-and-the-Dollar.csv,mixed,,International economics; Trade; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.160000,0.480000,0.290000,0.070000,0.000000,0.640000,0.070000,0.570000,0.070000
us-foreign-aid__question-a,us__foreign-aid,Foreign Aid,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/foreign-aid/,US,2025-04-09,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,The cancellation of the majority of programs run by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) will have no measurable effects on GDP growth in the recipient countries over the next five years.,,46,41,0,5,21,11,4,0,5,0.121951,0.365854,0.512195,-0.243902,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.121951,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2025-04-09-US-EEP-Foreign-Aid.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Inequality/redistribution; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.100000,0.410000,0.350000,0.140000,0.100000,0.490000,-0.390000,0.100000
us-foreign-aid__question-b,us__foreign-aid,Foreign Aid,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/foreign-aid/,US,2025-04-09,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question B,The cancellation of the majority of USAID programs will have substantially negative effects on the most vulnerable people in the recipient countries over the next five years.,,46,41,17,23,1,0,0,0,5,0.975610,0.000000,0.024390,0.975610,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2025-04-09-US-EEP-Foreign-Aid.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Inequality/redistribution; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.520000,0.470000,0.010000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
us-foreign-aid__question-c,us__foreign-aid,Foreign Aid,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/foreign-aid/,US,2025-04-09,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question C,Development assistance motivated by the potential benefits for the donors in terms of prosperity and security is measurably more effective in promoting GDP growth in recipient countries than aid based on humanitarian or other moral principles.,,46,36,0,0,22,13,1,5,5,0.000000,0.388889,0.611111,-0.388889,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2025-04-09-US-EEP-Foreign-Aid.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Inequality/redistribution; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.000000,0.590000,0.400000,0.010000,0.000000,0.410000,-0.410000,0.000000
europe-foreign-aid-2__question-a,europe__foreign-aid-2,Foreign Aid,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/foreign-aid-2/,Europe,2025-04-09,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question A,The reductions in Western programs of development assistance will have no measurable effects on GDP growth in the recipient countries over the next five years.,,46,38,0,2,11,21,4,1,7,0.052632,0.657895,0.289474,-0.605263,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.052632,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-04-04-Euro-EEP-Foreign-Aid.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.000000,0.060000,0.240000,0.520000,0.170000,0.060000,0.690000,-0.630000,0.060000
europe-foreign-aid-2__question-b,europe__foreign-aid-2,Foreign Aid,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/foreign-aid-2/,Europe,2025-04-09,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question B,The reductions in Western programs of development assistance will have substantially negative effects on the most vulnerable people in the recipient countries over the next five years.,,46,38,13,23,2,0,0,1,7,0.947368,0.000000,0.052632,0.947368,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-04-04-Euro-EEP-Foreign-Aid.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.460000,0.510000,0.030000,0.000000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000
europe-foreign-aid-2__question-c,europe__foreign-aid-2,Foreign Aid,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/foreign-aid-2/,Europe,2025-04-09,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility",Question C,Development assistance motivated by the potential benefits for the donors in terms of prosperity and security is measurably more effective in promoting GDP growth in recipient countries than aid based on humanitarian or other moral principles.,,46,34,0,4,16,13,1,5,7,0.117647,0.411765,0.470588,-0.294118,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.117647,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-04-04-Euro-EEP-Foreign-Aid.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Inequality/redistribution,source,0.90,0.000000,0.100000,0.410000,0.440000,0.060000,0.100000,0.500000,-0.400000,0.100000
finance-the-us-treasury-market__question-a,finance__the-us-treasury-market,The US Treasury Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-us-treasury-market/,Finance,2025-04-23,Bonds; Investments,Question A,Foreign demand for US treasury securities results in substantially lower interest rates on these instruments.,,39,33,10,22,0,1,0,0,6,0.969697,0.030303,0.000000,0.939394,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.030303,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2025-04-23-Finance-The-US-Treasury-Market.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.370000,0.590000,0.000000,0.030000,0.000000,0.960000,0.030000,0.930000,0.030000
finance-the-us-treasury-market__question-b,finance__the-us-treasury-market,The US Treasury Market,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-us-treasury-market/,Finance,2025-04-23,Bonds; Investments,Question B,The recent volatility in Treasury market prices is primarily due to concerns about US macroeconomic prospects.,,39,33,5,17,8,3,0,0,6,0.666667,0.090909,0.242424,0.575758,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.090909,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2025-04-23-Finance-The-US-Treasury-Market.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.230000,0.510000,0.200000,0.060000,0.000000,0.740000,0.060000,0.680000,0.060000
europe-scientists-and-innovation__question-a,europe__scientists-and-innovation,Scientists and Innovation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/scientists-and-innovation/,Europe,2025-04-23,"Migration; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,New funding and immigration schemes to attract top scientific talent from abroad to EU universities would have a measurable impact on European innovation over a five year horizon.,,46,42,11,24,6,1,0,0,4,0.833333,0.023810,0.142857,0.809524,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.023810,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2025-04-23-Euro-EEP-Scientists-and-Innovation.csv,mixed,,Immigration; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.340000,0.530000,0.110000,0.030000,0.000000,0.870000,0.030000,0.840000,0.030000
us-digital-market-regulation__question-a,us__digital-market-regulation,Digital Market Regulation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/digital-market-regulation/,US,2025-05-01,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,The current antitrust laws and regulations in the United States are inadequate for preventing digital platform firms from engaging in acquisitions and exclusionary conduct that harm competition.,,46,33,3,15,8,6,1,3,10,0.545455,0.212121,0.242424,0.333333,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.212121,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-01-US-EEP-Digital-Market-Regulation.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.140000,0.470000,0.140000,0.210000,0.040000,0.610000,0.250000,0.360000,0.250000
us-digital-market-regulation__question-b,us__digital-market-regulation,Digital Market Regulation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/digital-market-regulation/,US,2025-05-01,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"Background on the Digital Markets Act: https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/index_en Digital markets would work better if, in a manner broadly similar to the European Union’s Digital Markets Act, criteria were established to designate some large firms as 'gatekeepers' and a regulatory body was established to govern the business practices of those gatekeepers.",,46,31,1,11,13,5,1,5,10,0.387097,0.193548,0.419355,0.193548,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.193548,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-01-US-EEP-Digital-Market-Regulation.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.070000,0.300000,0.380000,0.190000,0.070000,0.370000,0.260000,0.110000,0.260000
europe-electricity__question-a,europe__electricity,Electricity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/electricity/,Europe,2025-05-15,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question A,The high cost of electricity for industrial users in the European Union relative to other big economies is a substantial constraint on growth.,,46,37,7,22,7,1,0,2,7,0.783784,0.027027,0.189189,0.756757,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.027027,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-15-Euro-EEP-Electricity.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Housing/urban policy; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.240000,0.580000,0.140000,0.040000,0.000000,0.820000,0.040000,0.780000,0.040000
europe-electricity__question-b,europe__electricity,Electricity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/electricity/,Europe,2025-05-15,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question B,"Problems with the intermittency of renewable energy sources mean that over the next five years, electricity prices are more likely to rise than fall.",,46,34,0,6,17,11,0,5,7,0.176471,0.323529,0.500000,-0.147059,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.176471,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-15-Euro-EEP-Electricity.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Housing/urban policy; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.200000,0.470000,0.340000,0.000000,0.200000,0.340000,-0.140000,0.200000
europe-electricity__question-c,europe__electricity,Electricity,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/electricity/,Europe,2025-05-15,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question C,Substantial European investment in electricity infrastructure is essential to address high prices and unreliable supply.,,46,37,11,24,1,1,0,2,7,0.945946,0.027027,0.027027,0.918919,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.027027,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-15-Euro-EEP-Electricity.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Housing/urban policy; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.380000,0.550000,0.030000,0.040000,0.000000,0.930000,0.040000,0.890000,0.040000
finance-central-banking-and-climate-change-3__question-a,finance__central-banking-and-climate-change-3,Central Banking and Climate Change,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/central-banking-and-climate-change-3/,Finance,2025-05-15,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"Under current policies on climate change, the associated physical risks (such as those arising from total seasonal rainfall and sea level changes, and increased frequency, severity, and correlation of extreme weather events) will be at most a very small factor in monetary policy decisions over the next decade.",,39,31,1,15,11,4,0,0,8,0.516129,0.129032,0.354839,0.387097,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.129032,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-15-Finance-Central-Banking-and-Climate-Change.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.060000,0.460000,0.330000,0.150000,0.000000,0.520000,0.150000,0.370000,0.150000
finance-central-banking-and-climate-change-3__question-b,finance__central-banking-and-climate-change-3,Central Banking and Climate Change,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/central-banking-and-climate-change-3/,Finance,2025-05-15,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,The physical risks associated with climate change under current policies are likely to threaten financial stability over the next decade.,,39,31,0,5,14,8,4,0,8,0.161290,0.387097,0.451613,-0.225806,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.161290,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-15-Finance-Central-Banking-and-Climate-Change.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.150000,0.380000,0.260000,0.210000,0.150000,0.470000,-0.320000,0.150000
us-dollar-prospects__question-a,us__dollar-prospects,Dollar Prospects,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/dollar-prospects/,US,2025-05-14,International Finance; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Public Debt & Deficits,Question A,A sustained decline in the dollar's market share in the global economy will mean that US consumers are substantially worse off than they otherwise would be.,,46,39,3,24,11,1,0,2,5,0.692308,0.025641,0.282051,0.666667,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-14-US-EEP-Dollar-Prospects.csv,mixed,,International economics; Trade; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.100000,0.670000,0.210000,0.020000,0.000000,0.770000,0.020000,0.750000,0.020000
us-dollar-prospects__question-b,us__dollar-prospects,Dollar Prospects,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/dollar-prospects/,US,2025-05-14,International Finance; International Trade & Exchange Rates; Public Debt & Deficits,Question B,A permanently weaker dollar would substantially raise the US government's cost of financing its deficits.,,46,39,3,23,10,3,0,2,5,0.666667,0.076923,0.256410,0.589744,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.076923,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-14-US-EEP-Dollar-Prospects.csv,mixed,,International economics; Trade; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.130000,0.600000,0.210000,0.060000,0.000000,0.730000,0.060000,0.670000,0.060000
us-fiscal-sustainability__question-a,us__fiscal-sustainability,Fiscal Sustainability,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fiscal-sustainability/,US,2025-05-29,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question A,"Long-run US fiscal sustainability will require some combination of slowing the growth of spending on Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security benefits and/or tax increases, including higher taxes on households with incomes below $400,000.",,46,44,16,25,2,1,0,0,2,0.931818,0.022727,0.045455,0.909091,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.022727,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-29-US-EEP-Fiscal-Sustainability.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Healthcare; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.470000,0.470000,0.040000,0.020000,0.000000,0.940000,0.020000,0.920000,0.020000
us-fiscal-sustainability__question-b,us__fiscal-sustainability,Fiscal Sustainability,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fiscal-sustainability/,US,2025-05-29,Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending,Question B,"Issuing an additional $2.3 trillion of debt over the next 10 years, as is projected by the Congressional Budget Office if the House Reconciliation Bill is enacted, will substantially raise interest rates on government debt over that period.",,46,44,9,30,4,1,0,0,2,0.886364,0.022727,0.090909,0.863636,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.022727,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-05-29-US-EEP-Fiscal-Sustainability.csv,mixed,,Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation; Healthcare; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.270000,0.630000,0.070000,0.030000,0.000000,0.900000,0.030000,0.870000,0.030000
finance-u-s-credit-rating__question-a,finance__u-s-credit-rating,U.S. Credit Rating,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/u-s-credit-rating/,Finance,2025-06-05,Bonds; Financial Crises; Public Debt & Deficits,Question A,The recent downgrade of the U.S. sovereign credit rating reflects a measurable probability that an investor in U.S. Treasury securities would not be paid in full in nominal terms.,,39,30,3,14,3,9,1,0,9,0.566667,0.333333,0.100000,0.233333,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.333333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-05-Finance-U.S.-Credit-Rating.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Banking; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.120000,0.480000,0.100000,0.250000,0.040000,0.600000,0.290000,0.310000,0.290000
europe-european-capital-markets__question-a,europe__european-capital-markets,European Capital Markets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-capital-markets/,Europe,2025-06-05,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Financial Regulation; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"Creating a ‘28th regime’ - an optional, EU-wide code of corporate, securities and insolvency law that firms could adopt and which would pre-empt the application of any of the 27 national rulebooks - would be substantially more effective in building a European capital market than continuing efforts to achieve harmonisation of the national rulebooks.",,46,34,10,16,8,0,0,2,10,0.764706,0.000000,0.235294,0.764706,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-05-Euro-EEP-European-Capital-Markets.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.400000,0.420000,0.170000,0.000000,0.000000,0.820000,0.000000,0.820000,0.000000
europe-european-capital-markets__question-b,europe__european-capital-markets,European Capital Markets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-capital-markets/,Europe,2025-06-05,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Financial Regulation; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,Creating the 28th regime would substantially increase the supply of capital to new ventures and growing businesses.,,46,34,6,19,6,3,0,2,10,0.735294,0.088235,0.176471,0.647059,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.088235,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-05-Euro-EEP-European-Capital-Markets.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.230000,0.580000,0.110000,0.070000,0.000000,0.810000,0.070000,0.740000,0.070000
europe-european-capital-markets__question-c,europe__european-capital-markets,European Capital Markets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-capital-markets/,Europe,2025-06-05,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Financial Regulation; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,"A well-functioning and efficient single EU capital market requires a strengthened European Securities and Markets Authority, comparable to the US Securities and Exchange Commission, to operate as a single market regulator.",,46,34,12,21,0,0,1,2,10,0.970588,0.029412,0.000000,0.941176,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.029412,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-05-Euro-EEP-European-Capital-Markets.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.430000,0.540000,0.000000,0.000000,0.040000,0.970000,0.040000,0.930000,0.040000
us-digital-privacy-and-digital-harm__question-a,us__digital-privacy-and-digital-harm,Digital Privacy and Digital Harm,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/digital-privacy-and-digital-harm/,US,2025-06-12,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Social Policy & Society",Question A,The potential for consumers to be harmed by digital platforms’ use of their personal data is sufficient that they would benefit from laws assigning them some kind of default control rights over their data.,,46,42,11,22,5,4,0,2,2,0.785714,0.095238,0.119048,0.690476,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.095238,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-12-US-EEP-Digital-Privacy-and-Digital-Harm.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Healthcare,mixed,0.80,0.340000,0.460000,0.090000,0.110000,0.000000,0.800000,0.110000,0.690000,0.110000
us-digital-privacy-and-digital-harm__question-b,us__digital-privacy-and-digital-harm,Digital Privacy and Digital Harm,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/digital-privacy-and-digital-harm/,US,2025-06-12,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Social Policy & Society",Question B,"The risks of harm from use of social media services - such as harm to mental health, exploitation of children, and more - are now high enough that society would benefit from federal regulations setting safety standards and creating a process of compensation for harm by digital platforms.",,46,42,5,24,9,3,1,2,2,0.690476,0.095238,0.214286,0.595238,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.095238,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-12-US-EEP-Digital-Privacy-and-Digital-Harm.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Healthcare,mixed,0.80,0.200000,0.530000,0.150000,0.080000,0.040000,0.730000,0.120000,0.610000,0.120000
us-tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory-2__question-a,us__tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory-2,"Tariffs, Reciprocal and Retaliatory",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory-2/,US,2025-03-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,"Matching US import tariffs to the tariffs, value-added taxes and non-tariff barriers imposed on US goods by other countries would substantially reduce the US trade deficit.",,46,40,0,1,20,12,7,2,4,0.025000,0.475000,0.500000,-0.450000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.025000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-03-11-US-EEP-Tariffs-Reciprocal-and-Retaliatory.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics; Taxation; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.010000,0.410000,0.330000,0.250000,0.010000,0.580000,-0.570000,0.010000
us-tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory-2__question-b,us__tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory-2,"Tariffs, Reciprocal and Retaliatory",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory-2/,US,2025-03-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,The threat of retaliation against the imposition of higher tariffs on a country’s exports substantially lowers the probability of a trade war.,,46,41,1,14,18,7,1,1,4,0.365854,0.195122,0.439024,0.170732,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.195122,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-03-11-US-EEP-Tariffs-Reciprocal-and-Retaliatory.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics; Taxation; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.290000,0.430000,0.200000,0.040000,0.330000,0.240000,0.090000,0.240000
us-tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory-2__question-c,us__tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory-2,"Tariffs, Reciprocal and Retaliatory",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory-2/,US,2025-03-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question C,"In the event that the threat of retaliation does not deter the imposition of tariffs, the economies of countries subject to higher tariffs on their exports would be measurably better off by responding with targeted tariffs on imports from the first mover.",,46,41,0,10,22,8,1,1,4,0.243902,0.219512,0.536585,0.024390,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.219512,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-03-11-US-EEP-Tariffs-Reciprocal-and-Retaliatory.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics; Taxation; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.280000,0.470000,0.210000,0.040000,0.280000,0.250000,0.030000,0.250000
europe-tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory__question-a,europe__tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory,"Tariffs, Reciprocal and Retaliatory",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory/,Europe,2025-03-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,"Matching US import tariffs to the tariffs, value-added taxes and non-tariff barriers imposed on US goods by other countries would substantially reduce the US trade deficit.",,46,34,0,2,11,14,7,2,10,0.058824,0.617647,0.323529,-0.558824,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.058824,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-03-11-Euro-EEP-Tariffs-Reciprocal-and-Retaliatory.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics; Taxation; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.040000,0.280000,0.390000,0.290000,0.040000,0.680000,-0.640000,0.040000
europe-tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory__question-b,europe__tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory,"Tariffs, Reciprocal and Retaliatory",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory/,Europe,2025-03-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,The threat of retaliation against the imposition of higher tariffs on a country’s exports substantially lowers the probability of a trade war.,,46,35,1,12,20,2,0,1,10,0.371429,0.057143,0.571429,0.314286,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.057143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-03-11-Euro-EEP-Tariffs-Reciprocal-and-Retaliatory.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics; Taxation; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.330000,0.560000,0.070000,0.000000,0.370000,0.070000,0.300000,0.070000
europe-tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory__question-c,europe__tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory,"Tariffs, Reciprocal and Retaliatory",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tariffs-reciprocal-and-retaliatory/,Europe,2025-03-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Economists, Economic Theory, & Economic Organizations; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question C,"In the event that the threat of retaliation does not deter the imposition of tariffs, the economies of countries subject to higher tariffs on their exports would be measurably better off by responding with targeted tariffs on imports from the first mover.",,46,35,1,13,12,9,0,1,10,0.400000,0.257143,0.342857,0.142857,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.257143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-03-11-Euro-EEP-Tariffs-Reciprocal-and-Retaliatory.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Trade; International economics; Taxation; Fiscal policy,mixed,0.80,0.050000,0.400000,0.220000,0.340000,0.000000,0.450000,0.340000,0.110000,0.340000
europe-sanctions__question-a,europe__sanctions,Sanctions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sanctions/,Europe,2025-06-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,The experience of the past 10 years suggests that Western-led economic sanctions do not substantially deter the target countries from their course of action.,,46,37,2,22,9,3,1,1,8,0.648649,0.108108,0.243243,0.540541,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.108108,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-25-Euro-EEP-Sanctions.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.070000,0.590000,0.180000,0.110000,0.050000,0.660000,0.160000,0.500000,0.160000
europe-sanctions__question-b,europe__sanctions,Sanctions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sanctions/,Europe,2025-06-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,"Had the G7 instituted a complete energy embargo in 2022, Russia's current military and economic position would be substantially worse.",,46,36,7,18,9,2,0,2,8,0.694444,0.055556,0.250000,0.638889,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.055556,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-25-Euro-EEP-Sanctions.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.240000,0.500000,0.220000,0.030000,0.000000,0.740000,0.030000,0.710000,0.030000
europe-sanctions__question-c,europe__sanctions,Sanctions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sanctions/,Europe,2025-06-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question C,"Had the G7 instituted a complete energy embargo in 2022, the world economy would have faced substantially higher oil prices.",,46,36,1,14,17,4,0,2,8,0.416667,0.111111,0.472222,0.305556,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.111111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-25-Euro-EEP-Sanctions.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.410000,0.450000,0.100000,0.000000,0.450000,0.100000,0.350000,0.100000
us-sanctions-2__question-a,us__sanctions-2,Sanctions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sanctions-2/,US,2025-06-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question A,The experience of the past 10 years suggests that Western-led economic sanctions do not substantially deter the target countries from their course of action.,,46,42,1,22,15,3,1,1,3,0.547619,0.095238,0.357143,0.452381,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.095238,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-25-US-EEP-Sanctions.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.520000,0.310000,0.090000,0.040000,0.560000,0.130000,0.430000,0.130000
us-sanctions-2__question-b,us__sanctions-2,Sanctions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sanctions-2/,US,2025-06-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question B,"Had the G7 instituted a complete energy embargo in 2022, Russia's current military and economic position would be substantially worse.",,46,40,3,19,16,2,0,3,3,0.550000,0.050000,0.400000,0.500000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.050000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-25-US-EEP-Sanctions.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.540000,0.320000,0.040000,0.000000,0.650000,0.040000,0.610000,0.040000
us-sanctions-2__question-c,us__sanctions-2,Sanctions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sanctions-2/,US,2025-06-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates",Question C,"Had the G7 instituted a complete energy embargo in 2022, the world economy would have faced substantially higher oil prices.",,46,41,1,21,17,2,0,2,3,0.536585,0.048780,0.414634,0.487805,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.048780,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-25-US-EEP-Sanctions.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.590000,0.320000,0.050000,0.000000,0.630000,0.050000,0.580000,0.050000
finance-us-steel-deal__question-a,finance__us-steel-deal,US Steel Deal,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/us-steel-deal/,Finance,2025-06-26,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,The nature of the Trump administration's 'golden share' agreement with Nippon Steel over the acquisition of US Steel has been summarized on X by the US secretary of commerce: https://x.com/howardlutnick/status/1933924525265043774 The approval of Nippon Steel's acquisition of US Steel will be substantially positive for jobs and investment in the US steel industry.,,39,25,0,10,11,4,0,3,11,0.400000,0.160000,0.440000,0.240000,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.160000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-26-Finance-US-Steel-Deal.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.000000,0.390000,0.400000,0.200000,0.000000,0.390000,0.200000,0.190000,0.200000
finance-us-steel-deal__question-b,finance__us-steel-deal,US Steel Deal,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/us-steel-deal/,Finance,2025-06-26,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"Government power over an acquired company's operational and governance matters, as in the US government's golden share in US Steel, is a substantial constraint on effective management of the company.",,39,27,3,19,4,1,0,1,11,0.814815,0.037037,0.148148,0.777778,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.037037,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-26-Finance-US-Steel-Deal.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.180000,0.680000,0.110000,0.040000,0.000000,0.860000,0.040000,0.820000,0.040000
finance-us-steel-deal__question-c,finance__us-steel-deal,US Steel Deal,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/us-steel-deal/,Finance,2025-06-26,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,The precedent of the golden share arrangement in the US Steel deal will be a substantial deterrent to foreign investors in American companies.,,39,26,2,10,11,3,0,2,11,0.461538,0.115385,0.423077,0.346154,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.115385,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-26-Finance-US-Steel-Deal.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition,source,0.90,0.120000,0.370000,0.370000,0.130000,0.000000,0.490000,0.130000,0.360000,0.130000
us-inflation-target-and-expectations__question-a,us__inflation-target-and-expectations,Inflation Target and Expectations,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation-target-and-expectations/,US,2025-07-09,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"If the Fed changed its inflation target from 2% to 3%, the long-run costs of inflation for households would be essentially unchanged.",,46,41,0,11,12,16,2,3,2,0.268293,0.439024,0.292683,-0.170732,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.268293,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-09-US-EEP-Inflation-Target-and-Expectations.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.280000,0.210000,0.430000,0.090000,0.280000,0.520000,-0.240000,0.280000
us-inflation-target-and-expectations__question-b,us__inflation-target-and-expectations,Inflation Target and Expectations,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation-target-and-expectations/,US,2025-07-09,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,The Fed’s revised strategy announced in 2020 - focusing on employment shortfalls and with a more flexible interpretation of the inflation target - has made little practical difference to monetary policy outcomes in the past five years.,,46,38,0,6,19,13,0,6,2,0.157895,0.342105,0.500000,-0.184211,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.157895,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-09-US-EEP-Inflation-Target-and-Expectations.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.140000,0.370000,0.480000,0.000000,0.140000,0.480000,-0.340000,0.140000
finance-stablecoin-adoption__question-a,finance__stablecoin-adoption,Stablecoin Adoption,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stablecoin-adoption/,Finance,2025-07-24,Banking; Financial Markets & Banking,Question A,The markets for consumer and business payment services would be substantially more efficient if payments by stablecoins (privately issued digital tokens pegged to a fiat currency) became an accepted alternative to traditional payments.,,39,29,2,4,10,11,2,1,9,0.206897,0.448276,0.344828,-0.241379,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.206897,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-24-Finance-Stablecoin-Adoption.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.110000,0.130000,0.290000,0.380000,0.090000,0.240000,0.470000,-0.230000,0.240000
finance-stablecoin-adoption__question-b,finance__stablecoin-adoption,Stablecoin Adoption,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stablecoin-adoption/,Finance,2025-07-24,Banking; Financial Markets & Banking,Question B,"Ten years from now, stablecoins will account for a substantial share of payment flows and deposits in the global banking system.",,39,30,1,2,23,4,0,0,9,0.100000,0.133333,0.766667,-0.033333,Uncertain,Uncertain consensus,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-24-Finance-Stablecoin-Adoption.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.050000,0.080000,0.750000,0.130000,0.000000,0.130000,0.130000,0.000000,0.130000
europe-digital-harm__question-a,europe__digital-harm,Digital Harm,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/digital-harm/,Europe,2025-07-24,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Social Policy & Society",Question A,"The risks of harm from use of social media services - such as harm to mental health, exploitation of children, and more - are sufficient to justify regulations setting safety standards and creating a process of compensation for harm by digital platforms.",,46,34,13,16,5,0,0,1,11,0.852941,0.000000,0.147059,0.852941,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-24-Euro-EEP-Digital-Harm.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Healthcare,mixed,0.80,0.480000,0.400000,0.120000,0.000000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000,0.880000,0.000000
europe-digital-harm__question-b,europe__digital-harm,Digital Harm,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/digital-harm/,Europe,2025-07-24,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Social Policy & Society",Question B,"To date, EU efforts to address harm from use of social media services - primarily the Digital Services Act - have been largely ineffective at protecting consumers.",,46,31,1,18,12,0,0,4,11,0.612903,0.000000,0.387097,0.612903,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-24-Euro-EEP-Digital-Harm.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Healthcare,mixed,0.80,0.060000,0.620000,0.320000,0.000000,0.000000,0.680000,0.000000,0.680000,0.000000
us-frozen-assets__question-a,us__frozen-assets,Frozen Assets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/frozen-assets/,US,2025-07-31,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question A,"Western countries have used interest earned on frozen Russian state assets to finance around $50 billion in loans to the government of Ukraine. There have also been calls to seize the assets in full, currently estimated at around $300 billion. Seizing frozen Russian state assets and using them to support Ukraine’s defense, economy and reconstruction would substantially accelerate the ending of the war.",,46,36,3,9,21,3,0,3,7,0.333333,0.083333,0.583333,0.250000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.083333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-31-US-EEP-Frozen-Assets.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.200000,0.240000,0.450000,0.110000,0.000000,0.440000,0.110000,0.330000,0.110000
us-frozen-assets__question-b,us__frozen-assets,Frozen Assets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/frozen-assets/,US,2025-07-31,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question B,"Seizing frozen Russian state assets and using them to support Ukraine’s defense, economy and reconstruction would, by reducing the burden on Western taxpayers, substantially increase Western voters’ political approval for supporting Ukraine.",,46,37,2,19,11,5,0,2,7,0.567568,0.135135,0.297297,0.432432,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.135135,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-31-US-EEP-Frozen-Assets.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.080000,0.570000,0.190000,0.150000,0.000000,0.650000,0.150000,0.500000,0.150000
us-frozen-assets__question-c,us__frozen-assets,Frozen Assets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/frozen-assets/,US,2025-07-31,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question C,"Seizing frozen Russian state assets and using them to support Ukraine’s defense, economy and reconstruction would substantially reduce investment in assets denominated in Western currencies and/or increase the likelihood of another country seizing Western sovereign assets in a future conflict.",,46,36,0,9,17,10,0,3,7,0.250000,0.277778,0.472222,-0.027778,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.250000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-07-31-US-EEP-Frozen-Assets.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.290000,0.420000,0.290000,0.000000,0.290000,0.290000,0.000000,0.290000
us-labor-statistics__question-a,us__labor-statistics,Labor Statistics,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/labor-statistics/,US,2025-08-07,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment",Question A,There is no evidence to suggest that the employment estimates produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics are biased so as to favor any particular political party.,,46,43,38,5,0,0,0,0,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/2025-08-06-US-EEP-Labor-Statistics.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Labor markets,source,0.90,0.920000,0.080000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
finance-fed-independence__question-a,finance__fed-independence,Fed Independence,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fed-independence/,Finance,2025-09-10,"Bonds; Investments; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Public Debt & Deficits",Question A,A substantial loss of Federal Reserve independence would substantially increase the overall nominal cost of U.S. government borrowing.,,39,36,17,16,3,0,0,0,3,0.916667,0.000000,0.083333,0.916667,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-10-Finance-Fed-Independence.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.530000,0.410000,0.060000,0.000000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000,0.940000,0.000000
finance-fed-independence__question-b,finance__fed-independence,Fed Independence,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fed-independence/,Finance,2025-09-10,"Bonds; Investments; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Public Debt & Deficits",Question B,A substantial loss of Federal Reserve independence would substantially raise risk premia on long-term U.S. government debt.,,39,36,12,20,3,0,1,0,3,0.888889,0.027778,0.083333,0.861111,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.027778,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-10-Finance-Fed-Independence.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.360000,0.540000,0.060000,0.000000,0.040000,0.900000,0.040000,0.860000,0.040000
europe-energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries-2__question-a,europe__energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries-2,Energy and Emissions in Developing Countries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries-2/,Europe,2025-09-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question A,"The OECD’s projected cumulative emissions of greenhouse gases from today until the year 2100 is 616.2 billion metric tons of CO2e, compared to 2,734 billion metric tons for the rest of the world - 82% of the total. (Larsen et al, Rhodium Group, 2024: https://climateoutlook.rhg.com/reports/rhodium-climate-outlook-2024-probabilistic-global-emissions-and-energy-projections ) The domestic net benefits of emissions reductions vary substantially across countries because of differences in income levels and exposure to climate risk.",,46,35,10,22,3,0,0,1,10,0.914286,0.000000,0.085714,0.914286,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-11-Euro-EEP-Energy-and-Emissions-in-Developing-Countries.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.330000,0.600000,0.070000,0.000000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000,0.930000,0.000000
europe-energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries-2__question-b,europe__energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries-2,Energy and Emissions in Developing Countries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries-2/,Europe,2025-09-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question B,"In the absence of incentives from developed countries, developing countries will not reduce their emissions substantially in places where the private costs of fossil fuels remain meaningfully lower than those of zero-carbon fuels.",,46,35,11,19,4,1,0,1,10,0.857143,0.028571,0.114286,0.828571,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.028571,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-11-Euro-EEP-Energy-and-Emissions-in-Developing-Countries.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.330000,0.570000,0.070000,0.030000,0.000000,0.900000,0.030000,0.870000,0.030000
europe-energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries-2__question-c,europe__energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries-2,Energy and Emissions in Developing Countries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries-2/,Europe,2025-09-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question C,Providing incentives for developing countries to reduce their emissions through penalties (such as a carbon border adjustment mechanism or carbon club) is substantially less effective than providing equivalent incentives through subsidies (such as payments for climate damages in exchange for emissions reductions).,,46,33,2,11,14,5,1,3,10,0.393939,0.181818,0.424242,0.212121,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.181818,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-11-Euro-EEP-Energy-and-Emissions-in-Developing-Countries.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.080000,0.360000,0.430000,0.120000,0.020000,0.440000,0.140000,0.300000,0.140000
us-energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries__question-a,us__energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries,Energy and Emissions in Developing Countries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries/,US,2025-09-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question A,"The OECD’s projected cumulative emissions of greenhouse gases from today until the year 2100 is 616.2 billion metric tons of CO2e, compared to 2,734 billion metric tons for the rest of the world - 82% of the total. (Larsen et al, Rhodium Group, 2024: https://climateoutlook.rhg.com/reports/rhodium-climate-outlook-2024-probabilistic-global-emissions-and-energy-projections ) The domestic net benefits of emissions reductions vary substantially across countries because of differences in income levels and exposure to climate risk.",,45,40,15,24,1,0,0,2,3,0.975000,0.000000,0.025000,0.975000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-10-US-EEP-Energy-and-Emissions-in-Developing-Countries.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.430000,0.570000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries__question-b,us__energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries,Energy and Emissions in Developing Countries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries/,US,2025-09-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question B,"In the absence of incentives from developed countries, developing countries will not reduce their emissions substantially in places where the private costs of fossil fuels remain meaningfully lower than those of zero-carbon fuels.",,45,40,10,25,4,1,0,2,3,0.875000,0.025000,0.100000,0.850000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-10-US-EEP-Energy-and-Emissions-in-Developing-Countries.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.270000,0.610000,0.100000,0.020000,0.000000,0.880000,0.020000,0.860000,0.020000
us-energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries__question-c,us__energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries,Energy and Emissions in Developing Countries,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-and-emissions-in-developing-countries/,US,2025-09-11,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question C,Providing incentives for developing countries to reduce their emissions through penalties (such as a carbon border adjustment mechanism or carbon club) is substantially less effective than providing equivalent incentives through subsidies (such as payments for climate damages in exchange for emissions reductions).,,45,38,5,8,17,8,0,4,3,0.342105,0.210526,0.447368,0.131579,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.210526,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-10-US-EEP-Energy-and-Emissions-in-Developing-Countries.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.170000,0.170000,0.370000,0.300000,0.000000,0.340000,0.300000,0.040000,0.300000
europe-quarterly-earnings-2__question-a,europe__quarterly-earnings-2,Quarterly Earnings,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/quarterly-earnings-2/,Europe,2019-02-07,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,Letting publicly traded European firms report earnings annually rather than quarterly would lead their executives to place more weight on long-term issues in their investments and other decisions.,,50,37,1,16,13,3,4,3,10,0.459459,0.189189,0.351351,0.270270,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.189189,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-02-07-Euro-EEP-Quarterly-Earnings.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.040000,0.400000,0.340000,0.090000,0.130000,0.440000,0.220000,0.220000,0.220000
europe-quarterly-earnings-2__question-b,europe__quarterly-earnings-2,Quarterly Earnings,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/quarterly-earnings-2/,Europe,2019-02-07,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,"A switch from quarterly to annual earnings reports would, on net, benefit shareholders of European firms.",,50,37,0,8,17,9,3,3,10,0.216216,0.324324,0.459459,-0.108108,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.216216,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-02-07-Euro-EEP-Quarterly-Earnings.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.210000,0.410000,0.260000,0.120000,0.210000,0.380000,-0.170000,0.210000
us-quarterly-earnings__question-a,us__quarterly-earnings,Quarterly Earnings,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/quarterly-earnings/,US,2015-11-20,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,Letting publicly traded US firms report earnings annually rather than quarterly would lead their executives to place more weight on long-term issues in their investments and other decisions.,,42,33,1,15,9,6,2,3,6,0.484848,0.242424,0.272727,0.242424,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.242424,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-11-25-US-EEP-Quarterly-Earnings.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.040000,0.430000,0.230000,0.210000,0.090000,0.470000,0.300000,0.170000,0.300000
us-quarterly-earnings__question-b,us__quarterly-earnings,Quarterly Earnings,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/quarterly-earnings/,US,2015-11-20,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,"A switch from quarterly to annual earnings reports would, on net, benefit shareholders.",,42,33,0,6,15,9,3,3,6,0.181818,0.363636,0.454545,-0.181818,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.181818,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2015-11-25-US-EEP-Quarterly-Earnings.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.180000,0.370000,0.300000,0.150000,0.180000,0.450000,-0.270000,0.180000
us-inflation-and-the-fed__question-a,us__inflation-and-the-fed,Inflation and the Fed,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation-and-the-fed/,US,2025-09-17,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Public Debt & Deficits",Question A,The Federal Reserve should be setting interest rates with the assumption that there will be no measurable effects of US tariffs on inflation by the summer of 2026.,,45,40,0,1,12,22,5,0,5,0.025000,0.675000,0.300000,-0.650000,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.025000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-17-US-EEP-Inflation-and-the-Fed.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy; Fiscal policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.040000,0.220000,0.550000,0.200000,0.040000,0.750000,-0.710000,0.040000
us-inflation-and-the-fed__question-b,us__inflation-and-the-fed,Inflation and the Fed,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation-and-the-fed/,US,2025-09-17,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Public Debt & Deficits",Question B,"If Federal Reserve Governor Cook is forced to leave her position, the inflation risk premia on US government debt will rise substantially.",,45,40,2,21,13,4,0,0,5,0.575000,0.100000,0.325000,0.475000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-17-US-EEP-Inflation-and-the-Fed.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy; Fiscal policy,source,0.90,0.070000,0.590000,0.230000,0.110000,0.000000,0.660000,0.110000,0.550000,0.110000
us-export-restrictions__question-a,us__export-restrictions,Export Restrictions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/export-restrictions/,US,2025-09-24,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,US export controls on advanced semiconductor technology and equipment will contribute substantially to maintaining US technological dominance in the industry over the next ten years.,,45,40,0,6,25,8,1,1,4,0.150000,0.225000,0.625000,-0.075000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.150000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-24-US-EEP-Export-Restrictions.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.160000,0.570000,0.250000,0.020000,0.160000,0.270000,-0.110000,0.160000
us-export-restrictions__question-b,us__export-restrictions,Export Restrictions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/export-restrictions/,US,2025-09-24,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,US export controls on advanced semiconductor technology and equipment will substantially raise China's presence in the industry over the next ten years.,,45,40,1,23,14,2,0,1,4,0.600000,0.050000,0.350000,0.550000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.050000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-24-US-EEP-Export-Restrictions.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.050000,0.580000,0.330000,0.040000,0.000000,0.630000,0.040000,0.590000,0.040000
us-export-restrictions__question-c,us__export-restrictions,Export Restrictions,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/export-restrictions/,US,2025-09-24,"International Trade & Exchange Rates; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question C,"In ten years, historians will judge that the US’s current use of sanctions, export restrictions and tariffs in critical sectors substantially improved the median American citizen’s welfare.",,45,39,1,1,8,25,4,2,4,0.051282,0.743590,0.205128,-0.692308,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.051282,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-24-US-EEP-Export-Restrictions.csv,mixed,,Trade; International economics; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.040000,0.020000,0.140000,0.660000,0.140000,0.060000,0.800000,-0.740000,0.060000
europe-inflation-and-central-bank-independence__question-a,europe__inflation-and-central-bank-independence,Inflation and Central Bank Independence,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation-and-central-bank-independence/,Europe,2025-09-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Public Debt & Deficits",Question A,"If the European Central Bank changed its inflation target from 2% to 3%, the long-run costs of inflation for households would be essentially unchanged.",,45,34,3,9,9,10,3,1,10,0.352941,0.382353,0.264706,-0.029412,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.352941,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-25-Euro-EEP-Inflation-and-Central-Bank-Independence.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.120000,0.290000,0.190000,0.300000,0.110000,0.410000,0.410000,0.000000,0.410000
europe-inflation-and-central-bank-independence__question-b,europe__inflation-and-central-bank-independence,Inflation and Central Bank Independence,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation-and-central-bank-independence/,Europe,2025-09-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Public Debt & Deficits",Question B,There is a substantial benefit to having higher average inflation and by implication a higher nominal interest rate so as to avoid hitting the zero lower bound.,,45,34,1,9,12,11,1,1,10,0.294118,0.352941,0.352941,-0.058824,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.294118,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-25-Euro-EEP-Inflation-and-Central-Bank-Independence.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.040000,0.330000,0.270000,0.320000,0.030000,0.370000,0.350000,0.020000,0.350000
europe-inflation-and-central-bank-independence__question-c,europe__inflation-and-central-bank-independence,Inflation and Central Bank Independence,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inflation-and-central-bank-independence/,Europe,2025-09-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Public Debt & Deficits",Question C,The fact that the Eurozone encompasses 20 countries – and thus the European Central Bank has 20 masters rather than one like the US Federal Reserve – eliminates the risk of fiscal dominance.,,45,34,2,8,11,8,5,1,10,0.294118,0.382353,0.323529,-0.088235,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.294118,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-25-Euro-EEP-Inflation-and-Central-Bank-Independence.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking,mixed,0.80,0.080000,0.210000,0.240000,0.280000,0.190000,0.290000,0.470000,-0.180000,0.290000
us-low-carbon-energy-rd__question-a,us__low-carbon-energy-rd,Low-carbon Energy R&D,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/low-carbon-energy-rd/,US,2025-10-01,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"For reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, subsidies for R&D on low-carbon technologies are justified in addition to carbon pricing mechanisms like carbon taxes and cap-and-trade systems.",,45,39,10,23,5,1,0,1,5,0.846154,0.025641,0.128205,0.820513,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-10-01-US-EEP-Low-carbon-Energy-RD.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Trade; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.340000,0.570000,0.050000,0.040000,0.000000,0.910000,0.040000,0.870000,0.040000
us-low-carbon-energy-rd__question-b,us__low-carbon-energy-rd,Low-carbon Energy R&D,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/low-carbon-energy-rd/,US,2025-10-01,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Higher subsidies for R&D on low-carbon energy sources are justified by the fact that their successful deployment would not only reduce emissions but also induce developing countries to substitute away from fossil fuels.,,45,39,10,22,5,2,0,1,5,0.820513,0.051282,0.128205,0.769231,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.051282,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-10-01-US-EEP-Low-carbon-Energy-RD.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Trade; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.370000,0.520000,0.060000,0.050000,0.000000,0.890000,0.050000,0.840000,0.050000
finance-government-as-shareholder__question-a,finance__government-as-shareholder,Government as Shareholder,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/government-as-shareholder/,Finance,2025-10-01,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Corporate Governance",Question A,U.S. government ownership of equity stakes in U.S. companies is measurably detrimental to corporate performance.,,39,31,3,15,11,2,0,1,7,0.580645,0.064516,0.354839,0.516129,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.064516,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-10-01-Finance-Government-as-Shareholder.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.130000,0.540000,0.270000,0.070000,0.000000,0.670000,0.070000,0.600000,0.070000
finance-government-as-shareholder__question-b,finance__government-as-shareholder,Government as Shareholder,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/government-as-shareholder/,Finance,2025-10-01,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Corporate Governance",Question B,U.S. government ownership of equity stakes in U.S. companies is substantially detrimental to good corporate governance.,,39,31,7,16,7,1,0,1,7,0.741935,0.032258,0.225806,0.709677,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.032258,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-10-01-Finance-Government-as-Shareholder.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.270000,0.550000,0.140000,0.040000,0.000000,0.820000,0.040000,0.780000,0.040000
europe-frozen-assets-2__question-a,europe__frozen-assets-2,Frozen Assets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/frozen-assets-2/,Europe,2025-10-08,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question A,Germany’s chancellor Friedrich Merz has recently called for the Russian central bank’s assets that are frozen in Europe to be made available for the defense of Ukraine: https://www.ft.com/content/3aacc930-9f5e-4558-90f1-62bf47a31cd5 Making use of frozen Russian state assets to support Ukraine’s defense would substantially accelerate the ending of the war.,,43,30,3,15,9,3,0,3,10,0.600000,0.100000,0.300000,0.500000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-10-08-Euro-EEP-Frozen-Assets.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Monetary policy; Banking; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.180000,0.500000,0.250000,0.070000,0.000000,0.680000,0.070000,0.610000,0.070000
europe-frozen-assets-2__question-b,europe__frozen-assets-2,Frozen Assets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/frozen-assets-2/,Europe,2025-10-08,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question B,Making use of frozen Russian state assets to support Ukraine’s defense would substantially reduce investment in assets issued by European economies.,,43,32,0,5,10,14,3,1,10,0.156250,0.531250,0.312500,-0.375000,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.156250,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-10-08-Euro-EEP-Frozen-Assets.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Monetary policy; Banking; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.130000,0.240000,0.460000,0.180000,0.130000,0.640000,-0.510000,0.130000
europe-frozen-assets-2__question-c,europe__frozen-assets-2,Frozen Assets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/frozen-assets-2/,Europe,2025-10-08,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question C,Making use of frozen Russian state assets to support Ukraine’s defense would substantially increase the likelihood of another country seizing Western sovereign assets in a future conflict.,,43,32,0,12,10,8,2,1,10,0.375000,0.312500,0.312500,0.062500,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.312500,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-10-08-Euro-EEP-Frozen-Assets.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Monetary policy; Banking; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.420000,0.250000,0.200000,0.130000,0.420000,0.330000,0.090000,0.330000
us-sustained-growth-2__question-a,us__sustained-growth-2,Sustained Growth,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sustained-growth-2/,US,2025-10-22,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"The combination of scientific progress, technological innovation, and openness to new ideas underpinned the emergence of sustained economic growth in the Industrial Revolution.",,45,41,23,18,0,0,0,1,3,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-10-22-US-EEP-Sustained-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.620000,0.380000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
us-sustained-growth-2__question-b,us__sustained-growth-2,Sustained Growth,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sustained-growth-2/,US,2025-10-22,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,"The process of creative destruction – in which innovation continually leads to the disruptive displacement of existing jobs, products, firms, and industries – has been a substantial contributor to sustained economic growth.",,45,42,21,20,1,0,0,0,3,0.976190,0.000000,0.023810,0.976190,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-10-22-US-EEP-Sustained-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.560000,0.420000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
europe-sustained-growth__question-a,europe__sustained-growth,Sustained Growth,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sustained-growth/,Europe,2025-10-22,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"The combination of scientific progress, technological innovation, and openness to new ideas underpinned the emergence of sustained economic growth in the Industrial Revolution.",,43,37,21,16,0,0,0,0,6,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-10-22-Euro-EEP-Sustained-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.590000,0.410000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000
europe-sustained-growth__question-b,europe__sustained-growth,Sustained Growth,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/sustained-growth/,Europe,2025-10-22,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,"The process of creative destruction – in which innovation continually leads to the disruptive displacement of existing jobs, products, firms, and industries – has been a substantial contributor to sustained economic growth.",,43,36,16,17,3,0,0,1,6,0.916667,0.000000,0.083333,0.916667,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-10-22-Euro-EEP-Sustained-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.480000,0.480000,0.050000,0.000000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000
finance-corporate-practices-and-shareholder-value__question-a,finance__corporate-practices-and-shareholder-value,Corporate Practices and Shareholder Value,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/corporate-practices-and-shareholder-value/,Finance,2025-10-23,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Corporate Governance; Investment Management",Question A,"The two major proxy advisory firms – Glass Lewis and Institutional Shareholder Services – have announced their intention to offer multiple perspectives to clients rather than single voting recommendations – see, for example: https://www.ft.com/content/7860f94c-7b1c-49c9-9f4c-a561ee39ee31 Proxy advisory firms that provide general guidance on corporate governance, diversity and environmental practices will create measurably more shareholder value for investor clients than proxy advisory firms that provide specific voting recommendations.",,39,30,1,5,17,6,1,1,8,0.200000,0.233333,0.566667,-0.033333,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.200000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-10-23-Finance-Corporate-Practices-and-Shareholder-Value.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.030000,0.190000,0.520000,0.210000,0.050000,0.220000,0.260000,-0.040000,0.220000
finance-corporate-practices-and-shareholder-value__question-b,finance__corporate-practices-and-shareholder-value,Corporate Practices and Shareholder Value,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/corporate-practices-and-shareholder-value/,Finance,2025-10-23,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Corporate Governance; Investment Management",Question B,"Companies that scale back on their diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives are likely to see a measurable improvement in their corporate value and performance.",,39,31,0,5,18,6,2,0,8,0.161290,0.258065,0.580645,-0.096774,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.161290,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-10-23-Finance-Corporate-Practices-and-Shareholder-Value.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.150000,0.520000,0.230000,0.100000,0.150000,0.330000,-0.180000,0.150000
us-housing-in-new-york__question-a,us__housing-in-new-york,Housing in New York,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/housing-in-new-york/,US,2025-11-12,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Social Policy & Society",Question A,Freezing the rents paid by tenants of all rent-stabilized apartments in New York for four years would substantially improve the availability of affordable housing for low- and middle-income households.,,45,41,0,3,6,19,13,0,4,0.073171,0.780488,0.146341,-0.707317,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.073171,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/2025-11-12-US-EEP-Housing-in-New-York.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition; Political economy; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.060000,0.080000,0.470000,0.400000,0.060000,0.870000,-0.810000,0.060000
us-housing-in-new-york__question-b,us__housing-in-new-york,Housing in New York,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/housing-in-new-york/,US,2025-11-12,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Social Policy & Society",Question B,Freezing the rents paid by tenants of all rent-stabilized apartments in New York for four years would be a substantial deterrent to private housing investment in the city.,,45,41,9,24,6,2,0,0,4,0.804878,0.048780,0.146341,0.756098,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.048780,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/2025-11-12-US-EEP-Housing-in-New-York.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition; Political economy; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.290000,0.560000,0.110000,0.030000,0.000000,0.850000,0.030000,0.820000,0.030000
us-housing-in-new-york__question-c,us__housing-in-new-york,Housing in New York,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/housing-in-new-york/,US,2025-11-12,"Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Social Policy & Society",Question C,Loosening land-use regulations and other regulation-related constraints on construction in New York (with no rent freeze) would be a substantial boost to private housing investment in the city over the next ten years.,,45,41,14,25,1,1,0,0,4,0.951220,0.024390,0.024390,0.926829,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.024390,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/2025-11-12-US-EEP-Housing-in-New-York.csv,mixed,,Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition; Political economy; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.460000,0.520000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000,0.980000,0.000000
europe-low-carbon-energy-rd-2__question-a,europe__low-carbon-energy-rd-2,Low-carbon Energy R&D,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/low-carbon-energy-rd-2/,Europe,2025-11-13,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"For reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, subsidies for R&D on low-carbon technologies are justified in addition to carbon pricing mechanisms like carbon taxes and cap-and-trade systems.",,49,45,15,22,8,0,0,0,4,0.822222,0.000000,0.177778,0.822222,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/2025-11-13-Euro-EEP-Low-carbon-Energy-RD.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Trade; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.410000,0.460000,0.120000,0.000000,0.000000,0.870000,0.000000,0.870000,0.000000
europe-low-carbon-energy-rd-2__question-b,europe__low-carbon-energy-rd-2,Low-carbon Energy R&D,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/low-carbon-energy-rd-2/,Europe,2025-11-13,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Higher subsidies for R&D on low-carbon technologies are justified by the fact that their successful deployment would not only reduce emissions in OECD countries but also reduce developing countries' emissions by encouraging them to substitute away from fossil fuels.,,49,45,9,26,10,0,0,0,4,0.777778,0.000000,0.222222,0.777778,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/2025-11-13-Euro-EEP-Low-carbon-Energy-RD.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Trade; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.300000,0.560000,0.150000,0.000000,0.000000,0.860000,0.000000,0.860000,0.000000
finance-slr-and-systemic-risk__question-a,finance__slr-and-systemic-risk,SLR and Systemic Risk,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/slr-and-systemic-risk/,Finance,2025-11-13,Banking; Financial Regulation,Question A,"The proposed reduction in the enhanced supplementary leverage ratio (SLR) for U.S. banks, without offsetting changes to other capital or liquidity requirements, would not substantially increase systemic risk in the U.S. banking system.",,38,26,0,6,8,11,1,3,9,0.230769,0.461538,0.307692,-0.230769,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.230769,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/2025-11-13-Finance-SLR-and-Systemic-Risk.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.230000,0.290000,0.420000,0.060000,0.230000,0.480000,-0.250000,0.230000
europe-ai-growth-and-jobs__question-a,europe__ai-growth-and-jobs,"AI, Growth, and Jobs",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-growth-and-jobs/,Europe,2025-12-02,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Adoption of artificial intelligence will lead to a substantial increase in the growth rates of real per capita income in the US and Western Europe over the next ten years.,,49,42,1,17,21,3,0,0,7,0.428571,0.071429,0.500000,0.357143,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.071429,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/2025-12-02-Euro-EEP-AI-Growth-and-Jobs.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.020000,0.420000,0.500000,0.060000,0.000000,0.440000,0.060000,0.380000,0.060000
europe-ai-growth-and-jobs__question-b,europe__ai-growth-and-jobs,"AI, Growth, and Jobs",https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-growth-and-jobs/,Europe,2025-12-02,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,Adoption of artificial intelligence will lead to a substantial increase in the unemployment rates in the US and Western Europe over the next ten years.,,49,42,0,6,23,12,1,0,7,0.142857,0.309524,0.547619,-0.166667,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.142857,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/2025-12-02-Euro-EEP-AI-Growth-and-Jobs.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Labor markets,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.120000,0.540000,0.310000,0.030000,0.120000,0.340000,-0.220000,0.120000
us-ai-and-growth__question-a,us__ai-and-growth,AI and Growth,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-growth/,US,2025-12-02,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,Adoption of artificial intelligence will lead to a substantial increase in the growth rates of real per capita income in the US and Western Europe over the next ten years.,,45,44,1,19,21,3,0,1,0,0.454545,0.068182,0.477273,0.386364,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.068182,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/2025-11-26-US-EEP-AI-and-Growth.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy,source,0.90,0.040000,0.420000,0.470000,0.080000,0.000000,0.460000,0.080000,0.380000,0.080000
us-ukraine-peace-plans__question-a,us__ukraine-peace-plans,Ukraine Peace Plans,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ukraine-peace-plans/,US,2025-12-10,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question A,"There are reports that the US strategy in negotiations to end the Russia-Ukraine conflict is prioritizing economic interdependence: https://www.wsj.com/world/russia/russia-u-s-peace-business-ties-4db9b290 Creating expanded mutual business opportunities for American, Russian, and Ukrainian firms would lead to a substantially more stable peace agreement.",,45,37,0,7,17,11,2,2,6,0.189189,0.351351,0.459459,-0.162162,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.189189,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2025-12-10-US-EEP-Ukraine-Peace-Plans.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.200000,0.320000,0.390000,0.100000,0.200000,0.490000,-0.290000,0.200000
us-ukraine-peace-plans__question-b,us__ukraine-peace-plans,Ukraine Peace Plans,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ukraine-peace-plans/,US,2025-12-10,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy",Question B,Pursuing economic interdependence without complementary diplomacy (including credible guarantees of Ukraine’s future security) is unlikely to end the conflict and subsequently preserve peace.,,45,36,15,19,2,0,0,3,6,0.944444,0.000000,0.055556,0.944444,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2025-12-10-US-EEP-Ukraine-Peace-Plans.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.520000,0.470000,0.010000,0.000000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000,0.990000,0.000000
finance-trump-accounts__question-a,finance__trump-accounts,Trump Accounts,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trump-accounts/,Finance,2025-12-17,Investments; Personal Finance; Social Policy & Society,Question A,"The proposed Trump Accounts ( https://trumpaccounts.gov/ ) will provide an initial savings deposit of $1,000 from the US Treasury to eligible children born between 2025 and 2028, and allow up to $5,000 a year in additional private contributions. The proposed Trump Accounts will substantially improve long-term wealth accumulation.",,37,29,0,5,14,10,0,1,7,0.172414,0.344828,0.482759,-0.172414,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.172414,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2025-12-17-Finance-Trump-Accounts.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Political economy; Banking; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.170000,0.430000,0.400000,0.000000,0.170000,0.400000,-0.230000,0.170000
finance-trump-accounts__question-b,finance__trump-accounts,Trump Accounts,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trump-accounts/,Finance,2025-12-17,Investments; Personal Finance; Social Policy & Society,Question B,The proposed Trump Accounts will substantially reduce income inequality among future generations.,,37,29,0,0,9,16,4,1,7,0.000000,0.689655,0.310345,-0.689655,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2025-12-17-Finance-Trump-Accounts.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Political economy; Banking; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.000000,0.300000,0.510000,0.190000,0.000000,0.700000,-0.700000,0.000000
finance-trump-accounts__question-c,finance__trump-accounts,Trump Accounts,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/trump-accounts/,Finance,2025-12-17,Investments; Personal Finance; Social Policy & Society,Question C,The proposed Trump Accounts will substantially increase support for free-market capitalism over socialism.,,37,29,0,2,15,11,1,1,7,0.068966,0.413793,0.517241,-0.344828,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.068966,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2025-12-17-Finance-Trump-Accounts.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Political economy; Banking; Inequality/redistribution,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.030000,0.500000,0.400000,0.060000,0.030000,0.460000,-0.430000,0.030000
europe-digital-privacy__question-a,europe__digital-privacy,Digital Privacy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/digital-privacy/,Europe,2025-12-17,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Social Policy & Society",Question A,The potential for consumer privacy to be compromised by digital platforms’ use of personal data is sufficient to justify regulations that assign consumers some kind of default control rights over their data.,,49,45,20,23,2,0,0,0,4,0.955556,0.000000,0.044444,0.955556,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2025-12-17-Euro-EEP-Digital-Privacy.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.520000,0.440000,0.030000,0.000000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000
europe-digital-privacy__question-b,europe__digital-privacy,Digital Privacy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/digital-privacy/,Europe,2025-12-17,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Social Policy & Society",Question B,"To date, EU efforts to regulate use of personal data - primarily the General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR - have been largely ineffective at protecting consumers.",,49,44,2,12,20,10,0,1,4,0.318182,0.227273,0.454545,0.090909,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.227273,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2025-12-17-Euro-EEP-Digital-Privacy.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.050000,0.290000,0.370000,0.290000,0.000000,0.340000,0.290000,0.050000,0.290000
europe-digital-privacy__question-c,europe__digital-privacy,Digital Privacy,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/digital-privacy/,Europe,2025-12-17,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Social Policy & Society",Question C,"To date, EU efforts to regulate use of personal data - primarily GDPR - have imposed substantial costs on European businesses, slowing innovation and growth.",,49,44,2,12,22,7,1,1,4,0.318182,0.181818,0.500000,0.136364,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.181818,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2025-12-17-Euro-EEP-Digital-Privacy.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Financial regulation,mixed,0.80,0.080000,0.360000,0.340000,0.180000,0.030000,0.440000,0.210000,0.230000,0.210000
europe-venezuela__question-a,europe__venezuela,Venezuela,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/venezuela/,Europe,2026-01-14,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question A,The US intervention in Venezuela will have no measurable impact on the world oil price over the next 12 months.,,49,41,2,23,12,4,0,2,6,0.609756,0.097561,0.292683,0.512195,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.097561,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-14-Euro-EEP-Venezuela.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.040000,0.600000,0.270000,0.090000,0.000000,0.640000,0.090000,0.550000,0.090000
europe-venezuela__question-b,europe__venezuela,Venezuela,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/venezuela/,Europe,2026-01-14,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question B,The US intervention will lead to a substantial increase in the profitability of US energy companies over the next five years.,,49,38,0,0,22,13,3,5,6,0.000000,0.421053,0.578947,-0.421053,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-14-Euro-EEP-Venezuela.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.000000,0.570000,0.340000,0.100000,0.000000,0.440000,-0.440000,0.000000
europe-venezuela__question-c,europe__venezuela,Venezuela,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/venezuela/,Europe,2026-01-14,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question C,The US intervention will lead to a substantial increase in economic growth in Venezuela over the next five years.,,49,39,1,6,23,7,2,4,6,0.179487,0.230769,0.589744,-0.051282,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.179487,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-14-Euro-EEP-Venezuela.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.050000,0.170000,0.550000,0.170000,0.060000,0.220000,0.230000,-0.010000,0.220000
us-venezuela-2__question-a,us__venezuela-2,Venezuela,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/venezuela-2/,US,2026-01-14,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question A,The US intervention in Venezuela will have no measurable impact on the world oil price over the next 12 months.,,45,40,4,16,16,4,0,1,4,0.500000,0.100000,0.400000,0.400000,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.100000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-14-US-EEP-Venezuela.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.160000,0.400000,0.330000,0.110000,0.000000,0.560000,0.110000,0.450000,0.110000
us-venezuela-2__question-b,us__venezuela-2,Venezuela,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/venezuela-2/,US,2026-01-14,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question B,The US intervention will lead to a substantial increase in the profitability of US energy companies over the next five years.,,45,41,0,4,22,10,5,0,4,0.097561,0.365854,0.536585,-0.268293,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.097561,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-14-US-EEP-Venezuela.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.090000,0.470000,0.270000,0.180000,0.090000,0.450000,-0.360000,0.090000
us-venezuela-2__question-c,us__venezuela-2,Venezuela,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/venezuela-2/,US,2026-01-14,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources",Question C,The US intervention will lead to a substantial increase in economic growth in Venezuela over the next five years.,,45,40,0,5,28,7,0,1,4,0.125000,0.175000,0.700000,-0.050000,Uncertain,Uncertain consensus,0.125000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-14-US-EEP-Venezuela.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy,source,0.90,0.000000,0.120000,0.680000,0.200000,0.000000,0.120000,0.200000,-0.080000,0.120000
us-aca-subsidies__question-a,us__aca-subsidies,ACA Subsidies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/aca-subsidies/,US,2026-01-29,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question A,"Without extension of the expanded public subsidies for Affordable Care Act healthcare plans, there would be a substantial rise in the number of Americans without health insurance.",,45,41,14,25,2,0,0,0,4,0.951220,0.000000,0.048780,0.951220,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-29-US-EEP-ACA-Subsidies.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.430000,0.520000,0.050000,0.000000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000,0.950000,0.000000
us-aca-subsidies__question-b,us__aca-subsidies,ACA Subsidies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/aca-subsidies/,US,2026-01-29,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question B,Losses in the health and well-being of Americans who could no longer afford health insurance in the absence of the subsidies would exceed the savings from the expiration.,,45,41,7,19,13,2,0,0,4,0.634146,0.048780,0.317073,0.585366,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.048780,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-29-US-EEP-ACA-Subsidies.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.250000,0.420000,0.270000,0.060000,0.000000,0.670000,0.060000,0.610000,0.060000
us-aca-subsidies__question-c,us__aca-subsidies,ACA Subsidies,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/aca-subsidies/,US,2026-01-29,Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society,Question C,The possible need for subsidies substantially in excess of those initially provided by the ACA indicates that other changes in the healthcare system are needed to enable broad-based access.,,45,41,10,25,6,0,0,0,4,0.853659,0.000000,0.146341,0.853659,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-29-US-EEP-ACA-Subsidies.csv,mixed,,Healthcare; Political economy,source,0.90,0.300000,0.610000,0.090000,0.000000,0.000000,0.910000,0.000000,0.910000,0.000000
europe-digital-euro__question-a,europe__digital-euro,Digital Euro,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/digital-euro/,Europe,2026-02-05,"Financial Markets & Banking; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question A,"Without a retail central bank digital currency (CBDC), Europe risks a further loss of control over its monetary system to foreign payment service providers, including US Big Tech platforms and US stablecoin issuers.",,49,38,7,19,4,5,3,2,9,0.684211,0.210526,0.105263,0.473684,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.210526,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026-02-05-Euro-EEP-Digital-Euro.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.220000,0.450000,0.080000,0.140000,0.100000,0.670000,0.240000,0.430000,0.240000
europe-digital-euro__question-b,europe__digital-euro,Digital Euro,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/digital-euro/,Europe,2026-02-05,"Financial Markets & Banking; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation",Question B,"Without a credible, modern wholesale settlement solution in central bank money - whether via a wholesale CBDC or equivalent infrastructure - Europe risks a further erosion of payments autonomy.",,49,38,8,24,4,0,2,2,9,0.842105,0.052632,0.105263,0.789474,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.052632,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026-02-05-Euro-EEP-Digital-Euro.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.260000,0.600000,0.070000,0.000000,0.070000,0.860000,0.070000,0.790000,0.070000
finance-housing-affordability__question-a,finance__housing-affordability,Housing Affordability,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/housing-affordability/,Finance,2026-02-02,Finance and the Economy; Investments; Personal Finance,Question A,Having the government-sponsored housing agencies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac buy $200 billion in mortgage-backed securities would reduce mortgage rates by more than 25 basis points.,,41,35,0,2,12,19,2,0,6,0.057143,0.600000,0.342857,-0.542857,Disagree,Split / disagreement,0.057143,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-29-Finance-Housing-Affordability.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.050000,0.270000,0.600000,0.080000,0.050000,0.680000,-0.630000,0.050000
finance-housing-affordability__question-b,finance__housing-affordability,Housing Affordability,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/housing-affordability/,Finance,2026-02-02,Finance and the Economy; Investments; Personal Finance,Question B,Having the government-sponsored housing agencies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac buy $200 billion in mortgage-backed securities would measurably improve the affordability of home ownership.,,41,35,0,0,6,20,9,0,6,0.000000,0.828571,0.171429,-0.828571,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-29-Finance-Housing-Affordability.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.000000,0.180000,0.510000,0.320000,0.000000,0.830000,-0.830000,0.000000
finance-housing-affordability__question-c,finance__housing-affordability,Housing Affordability,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/housing-affordability/,Finance,2026-02-02,Finance and the Economy; Investments; Personal Finance,Question C,Restrictions on large institutional investors buying single-family homes would measurably improve the affordability of home ownership.,,41,35,0,3,8,19,5,0,6,0.085714,0.685714,0.228571,-0.600000,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.085714,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-29-Finance-Housing-Affordability.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.100000,0.180000,0.540000,0.190000,0.100000,0.730000,-0.630000,0.100000
us-housing-affordability-2__question-a,us__housing-affordability-2,Housing Affordability,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/housing-affordability-2/,US,2026-02-11,"Financial Markets & Banking; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question A,Restrictions on large institutional investors buying single-family homes would measurably improve the affordability of home ownership.,,45,37,0,3,9,23,2,1,7,0.081081,0.675676,0.243243,-0.594595,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.081081,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026-02-11-US-EEP-Housing-Affordability.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.000000,0.090000,0.170000,0.660000,0.090000,0.090000,0.750000,-0.660000,0.090000
us-housing-affordability-2__question-b,us__housing-affordability-2,Housing Affordability,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/housing-affordability-2/,US,2026-02-11,"Financial Markets & Banking; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities",Question B,Having the government-sponsored housing agencies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac buy $200 billion in mortgage-backed securities would measurably improve the affordability of home ownership.,,45,37,0,4,7,24,2,1,7,0.108108,0.702703,0.189189,-0.594595,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.108108,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026-02-11-US-EEP-Housing-Affordability.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity,source,0.90,0.000000,0.100000,0.130000,0.660000,0.110000,0.100000,0.770000,-0.670000,0.100000
finance-interest-bearing-stablecoins__question-a,finance__interest-bearing-stablecoins,Interest-Bearing Stablecoins,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/interest-bearing-stablecoins/,Finance,2026-02-17,Banking; Investments,Question A,"Interest-bearing stablecoins, either via direct issuer payments or exchange-provided rewards, would measurably erode the deposit franchise of banks in developed-market economies.",,41,39,1,17,11,9,1,1,1,0.461538,0.256410,0.282051,0.205128,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.256410,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026-02-17-Finance-Interest-Bearing-Stablecoins.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.030000,0.470000,0.290000,0.190000,0.020000,0.500000,0.210000,0.290000,0.210000
europe-emissions-regulation-2__question-a,europe__emissions-regulation-2,Emissions Regulation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/emissions-regulation-2/,Europe,2026-02-26,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"US regulation of greenhouse gases – including carbon dioxide from motor vehicles and power plants, and methane from oil and gas wells – rests on the Clean Air Act. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently announced its rescission of the greenhouse gas endangerment finding and motor vehicle greenhouse gas emission standards: https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/final-rule-rescission-greenhouse-gas-endangerment . The President of the National Academy of Sciences subsequently wrote to the organization's members, noting that 'the EPA justified its decision on legal, economic, and regulatory opinions, and not on the science’. The weight of economic analysis and evidence supports the conclusion that some form of regulation of greenhouse gas emissions is warranted.",,49,39,34,4,0,1,0,0,10,0.974359,0.025641,0.000000,0.948718,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026-02-26-Euro-EEP-Emissions-Regulation.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; Healthcare; Financial regulation; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.890000,0.080000,0.000000,0.030000,0.000000,0.970000,0.030000,0.940000,0.030000
europe-emissions-regulation-2__question-b,europe__emissions-regulation-2,Emissions Regulation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/emissions-regulation-2/,Europe,2026-02-26,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"For US consumers and firms, the health and environmental benefits of greenhouse gas emission standards outweigh the costs, making the EPA rescission substantially net negative for American society.",,49,39,20,15,3,0,1,0,10,0.897436,0.025641,0.076923,0.871795,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026-02-26-Euro-EEP-Emissions-Regulation.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; Healthcare; Financial regulation; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.580000,0.340000,0.050000,0.000000,0.020000,0.920000,0.020000,0.900000,0.020000
europe-emissions-regulation-2__question-c,europe__emissions-regulation-2,Emissions Regulation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/emissions-regulation-2/,Europe,2026-02-26,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,"Since the environmental costs of greenhouse gas emissions are globally distributed, some form of collective international regulation is warranted.",,49,39,31,6,1,1,0,0,10,0.948718,0.025641,0.025641,0.923077,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.025641,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026-02-26-Euro-EEP-Emissions-Regulation.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; Healthcare; Financial regulation; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.830000,0.140000,0.010000,0.030000,0.000000,0.970000,0.030000,0.940000,0.030000
us-emissions-regulation__question-a,us__emissions-regulation,Emissions Regulation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/emissions-regulation/,US,2026-02-26,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,"US regulation of greenhouse gases – including carbon dioxide from motor vehicles and power plants, and methane from oil and gas wells – rests on the Clean Air Act. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently announced its rescission of the greenhouse gas endangerment finding and motor vehicle greenhouse gas emission standards: https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/final-rule-rescission-greenhouse-gas-endangerment . The President of the National Academy of Sciences subsequently wrote to the organization's members, noting that 'the EPA justified its decision on legal, economic, and regulatory opinions, and not on the science’. The weight of economic analysis and evidence supports the conclusion that some form of regulation of greenhouse gas emissions is warranted.",,45,40,30,5,5,0,0,0,5,0.875000,0.000000,0.125000,0.875000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026-02-26-US-EEP-Emissions-Regulation.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; Healthcare; Financial regulation; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.830000,0.080000,0.090000,0.000000,0.000000,0.910000,0.000000,0.910000,0.000000
us-emissions-regulation__question-b,us__emissions-regulation,Emissions Regulation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/emissions-regulation/,US,2026-02-26,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"For US consumers and firms, the health and environmental benefits of greenhouse gas emission standards outweigh the costs, making the EPA rescission substantially net negative for American society.",,45,40,17,17,4,1,1,0,5,0.850000,0.050000,0.100000,0.800000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.050000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026-02-26-US-EEP-Emissions-Regulation.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; Healthcare; Financial regulation; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.510000,0.390000,0.070000,0.020000,0.000000,0.900000,0.020000,0.880000,0.020000
us-emissions-regulation__question-c,us__emissions-regulation,Emissions Regulation,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/emissions-regulation/,US,2026-02-26,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,"Since the environmental costs of greenhouse gas emissions are globally distributed, some form of collective international regulation is warranted.",,45,39,24,13,2,0,0,1,5,0.948718,0.000000,0.051282,0.948718,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2026-02-26-US-EEP-Emissions-Regulation.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Antitrust/competition; Healthcare; Financial regulation; Growth/productivity; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.690000,0.270000,0.030000,0.000000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000,0.960000,0.000000
finance-quarterly-earnings-3__question-a,finance__quarterly-earnings-3,Quarterly Earnings,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/quarterly-earnings-3/,Finance,2024-06-20,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Financial Markets & Banking",Question A,Letting publicly traded firms report earnings annually rather than quarterly would lead their executives to place more weight on long-term issues in their investments and other decisions.,,39,33,0,4,7,19,3,0,6,0.121212,0.666667,0.212121,-0.545455,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.121212,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2024-06-20-Finance-Quarterly-Earnings.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.140000,0.130000,0.640000,0.090000,0.140000,0.730000,-0.590000,0.140000
finance-quarterly-earnings-3__question-b,finance__quarterly-earnings-3,Quarterly Earnings,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/quarterly-earnings-3/,Finance,2024-06-20,"Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Financial Markets & Banking",Question B,"A switch from quarterly to annual earnings reports would, on net, benefit shareholders.",,39,32,0,1,6,19,6,1,6,0.031250,0.781250,0.187500,-0.750000,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.031250,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2024-06-20-Finance-Quarterly-Earnings.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.000000,0.020000,0.140000,0.620000,0.220000,0.020000,0.840000,-0.820000,0.020000
us-gas-prices__question-a,us__gas-prices,Gas Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/gas-prices/,US,2026-03-18,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,The release of strategic oil reserves announced by the International Energy Agency will deliver substantially lower US gasoline prices at the pump over the next six months than would otherwise have been the case.,,45,39,1,7,13,15,3,0,6,0.205128,0.461538,0.333333,-0.256410,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.205128,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2026-03-17-US-EEP-Gas-Prices.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition; Taxation; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.050000,0.180000,0.260000,0.410000,0.110000,0.230000,0.520000,-0.290000,0.230000
us-gas-prices__question-b,us__gas-prices,Gas Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/gas-prices/,US,2026-03-18,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"Assuming that world oil prices over the next six months continue to be elevated and volatile, temporarily suspending the federal gasoline tax would deliver substantially lower gas prices at the pump than otherwise over that period.",,45,39,3,17,6,10,3,0,6,0.512821,0.333333,0.153846,0.179487,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.333333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2026-03-17-US-EEP-Gas-Prices.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition; Taxation; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.130000,0.390000,0.110000,0.270000,0.100000,0.520000,0.370000,0.150000,0.370000
us-gas-prices__question-c,us__gas-prices,Gas Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/gas-prices/,US,2026-03-18,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,A temporary cap on US gasoline prices would substantially lower prices at the pump over the next six months without creating scarcity.,,45,39,0,0,4,17,18,0,6,0.000000,0.897436,0.102564,-0.897436,Disagree,Strong consensus disagree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2026-03-17-US-EEP-Gas-Prices.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition; Taxation; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.000000,0.050000,0.380000,0.570000,0.000000,0.950000,-0.950000,0.000000
europe-energy-prices__question-a,europe__energy-prices,Energy Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-prices/,Europe,2026-03-18,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,The release of strategic oil reserves announced by the International Energy Agency will deliver substantially lower prices for vehicle fuels over the next six months than would otherwise have been the case.,,49,45,3,9,18,15,0,0,4,0.266667,0.333333,0.400000,-0.066667,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.266667,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2026-03-18-Euro-EEP-Energy-Prices.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.100000,0.200000,0.340000,0.350000,0.000000,0.300000,0.350000,-0.050000,0.300000
europe-energy-prices__question-b,europe__energy-prices,Energy Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-prices/,Europe,2026-03-18,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,"Assuming that world commodity prices over the next six months continue to be elevated and volatile, temporarily subsidising or capping natural gas prices would be an effective way to protect European households and businesses from high energy bills.",,49,44,0,14,18,8,4,1,4,0.318182,0.272727,0.409091,0.045455,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.272727,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2026-03-18-Euro-EEP-Energy-Prices.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.260000,0.400000,0.220000,0.120000,0.260000,0.340000,-0.080000,0.260000
europe-energy-prices__question-c,europe__energy-prices,Energy Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-prices/,Europe,2026-03-18,"Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,The vulnerability of the European economy to high and volatile fossil fuel prices indicates the need for stronger incentives to promote decarbonisation rather than rowing back on policy support for the energy transition.,,49,45,24,16,3,0,2,0,4,0.888889,0.044444,0.066667,0.844444,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.044444,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2026-03-18-Euro-EEP-Energy-Prices.csv,mixed,,Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy; Antitrust/competition; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.590000,0.320000,0.040000,0.000000,0.050000,0.910000,0.050000,0.860000,0.050000
us-the-jones-act__question-a,us__the-jones-act,The Jones Act,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-jones-act/,US,2026-03-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question A,The 60-day waiver of the Jones Act (which requires that cargo moved between domestic ports is carried on US vessels) will deliver substantially lower average US gas prices at the pump than otherwise over the next two months.,,45,36,0,4,8,21,3,2,7,0.111111,0.666667,0.222222,-0.555556,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.111111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2026-03-25-US-EEP-The-Jones-Act.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.120000,0.130000,0.620000,0.130000,0.120000,0.750000,-0.630000,0.120000
us-the-jones-act__question-b,us__the-jones-act,The Jones Act,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-jones-act/,US,2026-03-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question B,Permanent repeal of the Jones Act would have a measurably bigger impact in lowering average US gas prices at the pump than a temporary suspension.,,45,37,5,21,7,4,0,1,7,0.702703,0.108108,0.189189,0.594595,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.108108,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2026-03-25-US-EEP-The-Jones-Act.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.240000,0.500000,0.140000,0.120000,0.000000,0.740000,0.120000,0.620000,0.120000
us-the-jones-act__question-c,us__the-jones-act,The Jones Act,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-jones-act/,US,2026-03-25,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power",Question C,Any national security benefits from the Jones Act are more than offset by its negative economic effects.,,45,36,11,13,9,2,1,2,7,0.666667,0.083333,0.250000,0.583333,Agree,Moderate consensus agree,0.083333,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2026-03-25-US-EEP-The-Jones-Act.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Antitrust/competition; Energy,mixed,0.80,0.480000,0.310000,0.100000,0.060000,0.050000,0.790000,0.110000,0.680000,0.110000
finance-private-credit-funds__question-a,finance__private-credit-funds,Private Credit Funds,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/private-credit-funds/,Finance,2026-03-25,Banking; Investment Management; Investments,Question A,"Some major private credit funds - including those offered by BlackRock, Cliffwater and Morgan Stanley - have maintained their redemption limits, not fully filling all investor requests. The enforcement of restrictions on withdrawals from private credit funds predicts that the funds will substantially underperform indices of liquid high-yield corporate bonds over the next 18 months.",,42,36,4,13,12,7,0,1,5,0.472222,0.194444,0.333333,0.277778,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.194444,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2026-03-25-Finance-Private-Credit-Funds.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.140000,0.360000,0.290000,0.210000,0.000000,0.500000,0.210000,0.290000,0.210000
finance-private-credit-funds__question-b,finance__private-credit-funds,Private Credit Funds,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/private-credit-funds/,Finance,2026-03-25,Banking; Investment Management; Investments,Question B,Assets in the private credit funds that are restricting withdrawals are substantially overvalued relative to their true market value.,,42,36,2,18,12,4,0,1,5,0.555556,0.111111,0.333333,0.444444,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.111111,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2026-03-25-Finance-Private-Credit-Funds.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.050000,0.520000,0.300000,0.130000,0.000000,0.570000,0.130000,0.440000,0.130000
finance-ai-and-stock-prices__question-a,finance__ai-and-stock-prices,AI and Stock Prices,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ai-and-stock-prices/,Finance,2026-03-06,Finance and the Economy; Investments,Question A,"If an AI-driven services productivity boom materializes over the next five years, it will substantially reduce current stock market valuations for firms with a large percentage of white-collar employees.",,41,35,0,3,22,8,2,1,5,0.085714,0.285714,0.628571,-0.200000,Uncertain,Split / disagreement,0.085714,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2026-03-05-Finance-AI-and-Stock-Prices.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation; Growth/productivity,mixed,0.80,0.000000,0.100000,0.610000,0.210000,0.080000,0.100000,0.290000,-0.190000,0.100000
finance-initial-public-offerings-and-index-inclusion__question-a,finance__initial-public-offerings-and-index-inclusion,Initial Public Offerings and Index Inclusion,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/initial-public-offerings-and-index-inclusion/,Finance,2026-04-09,Investment Management; Investments,Question A,Nasdaq has been consulting on inclusion of the largest companies in its indexes: https://indexes.nasdaqomx.com/docs/NDX_Consultation-February_2026.pdf Changing the rules for index inclusion to allow fast-track entry by extremely large IPOs (including waiving the free float requirement) is consistent with the objectives of passive index-based investing.,,42,37,3,17,6,11,0,2,3,0.540541,0.297297,0.162162,0.243243,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.297297,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-04-09-Finance-Initial-Public-Offerings-and-Index-Inclusion.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.110000,0.480000,0.110000,0.300000,0.000000,0.590000,0.300000,0.290000,0.300000
finance-initial-public-offerings-and-index-inclusion__question-b,finance__initial-public-offerings-and-index-inclusion,Initial Public Offerings and Index Inclusion,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/initial-public-offerings-and-index-inclusion/,Finance,2026-04-09,Investment Management; Investments,Question B,Changing the rules for index inclusion to allow fast-track entry by extremely large IPOs (including waiving the free float requirement) will make index fund investors measurably better off.,,42,38,1,7,14,15,1,1,3,0.210526,0.421053,0.368421,-0.210526,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.210526,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-04-09-Finance-Initial-Public-Offerings-and-Index-Inclusion.csv,mixed,,Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.030000,0.160000,0.360000,0.400000,0.030000,0.190000,0.430000,-0.240000,0.190000
europe-european-preference__question-a,europe__european-preference,European Preference,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-preference/,Europe,2026-04-10,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question A,"In a world in which most economic powers have programmes that give preference to their own strategic resources – for example, the Chinese have ‘Made in China’, and the Americans have ‘Buy American’ – the EU’s strategic independence would be substantially enhanced by establishing some form of European preference in public procurement in selected sectors.",,49,39,5,15,14,5,0,0,10,0.512821,0.128205,0.358974,0.384615,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.128205,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-04-10-Euro-EEP-European-Preference.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.170000,0.370000,0.320000,0.150000,0.000000,0.540000,0.150000,0.390000,0.150000
europe-european-preference__question-b,europe__european-preference,European Preference,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-preference/,Europe,2026-04-10,"Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Science, Technology, & Innovation",Question B,A ‘Buy European’ programme of public procurement in selected sectors could be implemented in a way that would deliver greater EU innovation and growth over the next five years than in the absence of such a programme.,,49,39,2,16,13,7,1,0,10,0.461538,0.205128,0.333333,0.256410,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.205128,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-04-10-Euro-EEP-European-Preference.csv,mixed,,Political economy; Public finance; Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; International economics,mixed,0.80,0.080000,0.440000,0.230000,0.220000,0.030000,0.520000,0.250000,0.270000,0.250000
us-science-funding__question-a,us__science-funding,Science Funding,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/science-funding/,US,2026-04-15,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question A,"Independent of any other cuts to public funding of scientific research, a 55% reduction in the budget for the National Science Foundation would have no measurable effect on the well-being of the typical American over the next 10 years.",,45,40,0,2,8,21,9,1,4,0.050000,0.750000,0.200000,-0.700000,Disagree,Moderate consensus disagree,0.050000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-04-15-US-EEP-Science-Funding.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.000000,0.060000,0.130000,0.550000,0.270000,0.060000,0.820000,-0.760000,0.060000
us-science-funding__question-b,us__science-funding,Science Funding,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/science-funding/,US,2026-04-15,"Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Science, Technology, & Innovation; Taxes & Public Spending",Question B,Historical federal support for scientific research has paid for itself through a substantial positive effect on long-run US productivity growth.,,45,40,26,11,3,0,0,1,4,0.925000,0.000000,0.075000,0.925000,Agree,Strong consensus agree,0.000000,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-04-15-US-EEP-Science-Funding.csv,mixed,,Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance,source,0.90,0.730000,0.240000,0.020000,0.000000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000,0.970000,0.000000
finance-prediction-markets__question-a,finance__prediction-markets,Prediction Markets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/prediction-markets/,Finance,2026-04-29,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking; Financial Regulation",Question A,Prediction markets provide substantially more accurate forecasts of key macro-financial variables than traditional sources such as surveys of professional forecasters.,,42,37,1,11,17,6,2,2,3,0.324324,0.216216,0.459459,0.108108,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,0.216216,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-04-24-Finance-Prediction-Markets.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.050000,0.310000,0.380000,0.170000,0.090000,0.360000,0.260000,0.100000,0.260000
finance-prediction-markets__question-b,finance__prediction-markets,Prediction Markets,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/prediction-markets/,Finance,2026-04-29,"Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking; Financial Regulation",Question B,Retail market participants would be measurably better off if sports contracts on prediction markets were regulated more like gambling than like financial derivatives.,,42,37,6,13,12,4,2,2,3,0.513514,0.162162,0.324324,0.351351,Agree,Split / disagreement,0.162162,https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-04-24-Finance-Prediction-Markets.csv,mixed,,Banking; Financial regulation,source,0.90,0.190000,0.380000,0.220000,0.130000,0.070000,0.570000,0.200000,0.370000,0.200000
europe-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2__question-a,europe__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2/,Europe,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question A,"Inadequate or flawed regulation, supervision, or both with respect to the financial sector (which includes financial infrastructure, banks, shadow banks, and interconnections in the system)",Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,49,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,12,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
europe-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2__question-b,europe__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2/,Europe,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question B,Underestimation of the riskiness of securities created with financial engineering,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,49,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,12,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
europe-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2__question-c,europe__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2/,Europe,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question C,"Bad incentives, fraud, or both in mortgage issuance and securitization",Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,49,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,12,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
europe-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2__question-d,europe__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2/,Europe,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question D,Funding runs involving short-term liabilities financing long-term assets,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,49,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,12,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
europe-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2__question-e,europe__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2/,Europe,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question E,Failures by rating agencies,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,49,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,12,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
europe-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2__question-f,europe__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2/,Europe,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question F,Inflated beliefs about housing prices,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,49,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,12,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
europe-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2__question-g,europe__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2/,Europe,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question G,Elevated levels of US household debt as of 2007,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,49,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,12,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
europe-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2__question-h,europe__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2/,Europe,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question H,A belief by bankers that their institutions were Too Big to Fail,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,49,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,13,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
europe-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2__question-i,europe__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2/,Europe,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question I,"Government involvement in subsidizing mortgages, homeownership, or both",Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,49,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,12,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
europe-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2__question-j,europe__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2/,Europe,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question J,Imbalances between global savings and well-functioning channels for investing those savings,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,49,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,12,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
europe-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2__question-k,europe__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2/,Europe,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question K,"Loose monetary policy by the Fed, by central banks around the world, or both",Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,49,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,12,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
europe-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2__question-l,europe__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis-2/,Europe,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question L,Fair value or mark-to-market accounting for financial assets held by banks,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,49,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,13,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
us-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis__question-a,us__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis/,US,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question A,"Inadequate or flawed regulation, supervision, or both with respect to the financial sector (which includes financial infrastructure, banks, shadow banks, and interconnections in the system)",Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
us-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis__question-b,us__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis/,US,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question B,Underestimation of the riskiness of securities created with financial engineering,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,5,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
us-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis__question-c,us__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis/,US,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question C,"Bad incentives, fraud, or both in mortgage issuance and securitization",Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
us-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis__question-d,us__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis/,US,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question D,Funding runs involving short-term liabilities financing long-term assets,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,5,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
us-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis__question-e,us__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis/,US,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question E,Failures by rating agencies,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,5,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
us-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis__question-f,us__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis/,US,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question F,Inflated beliefs about housing prices,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
us-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis__question-g,us__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis/,US,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question G,Elevated levels of US household debt as of 2007,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,5,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
us-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis__question-h,us__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis/,US,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question H,A belief by bankers that their institutions were Too Big to Fail,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,5,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
us-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis__question-i,us__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis/,US,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question I,"Government involvement in subsidizing mortgages, homeownership, or both",Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
us-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis__question-j,us__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis/,US,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question J,Imbalances between global savings and well-functioning channels for investing those savings,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,5,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
us-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis__question-k,us__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis/,US,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question K,"Loose monetary policy by the Fed, by central banks around the world, or both",Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,5,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,
us-factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis__question-l,us__factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis,Factors Contributing to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys-special/factors-contributing-to-the-2008-global-financial-crisis/,US,2017-10-17,Financial Crises,Question L,Fair value or mark-to-market accounting for financial assets held by banks,Please rate the importance (0=none; 5= highest) of each item below (presented to panelists in randomized order) in contributing to the 2008 global financial crisis.,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,5,,,,,No clear majority,Split / disagreement,,,html,"No official CSV download link found; extracted votes from HTML.; Survey-special page uses 0-5 numeric importance ratings, not the standard agreement scale.",Monetary policy; Fiscal policy; Banking; Financial regulation; Housing/urban policy; International economics,model_assigned,0.65,,,,,,,,,