README.md

---
language:
  - gl
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
  - token-classification
task_ids:
  - named-entity-recognition
  - part-of-speech
pretty_name: TreebankNos
size_categories:
  - 1K<n<10K
tags:
  - galician
  - universal-dependencies
  - conllu
  - ner
  - pos
  - dependency-parsing
  - treegal
  - pud
---

# TreebankNos

TreebankNos is a Galician-language dataset combining Universal Dependencies (UD) treebank annotations with Named Entity Recognition (NER) labels. It is built upon two established UD corpora — **UD TreeGal** and **UD Parallel Universal Dependencies (PUD)** — extended with BIO-format NER annotations covering four entity types: Person, Location, Organisation, and Miscellaneous.

The dataset is intended for multi-task NLP research in Galician, supporting POS tagging, morphological analysis, dependency parsing, and NER from a single unified resource.

---

## Dataset Structure

### Splits

| Split | Source treebank | Sentences | Tokens |
|---|---|---|---|
| `train` | UD TreeGal | 600 | 15,436 |
| `test` | UD TreeGal | 400 | 10,112 |
| `test_pud` | UD PUD | 1,000 | 23,510 |

Tokens are counted at the syntactic word level (multiword tokens such as contractions are expanded and each component counted separately; the surface multiword form is retained in the file but excluded from this count).

### Data Format

Files follow an extended **CoNLL-U** format. Each token is represented as a tab-separated line with 10 fields. Sentences are separated by blank lines, and each sentence is introduced by comment lines (`# sent_id` and `# text`). Multiword tokens (e.g., Galician contractions like *ó*, *na*, *do*) are represented with a hyphenated ID on a dedicated line followed by their expanded components.

#### Column Schema

| Column | Field | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | `ID` | Token index within the sentence (integer, or range `N-M` for multiword tokens) |
| 2 | `FORM` | Surface word form |
| 3 | `LEMMA` | Lemma or base form |
| 4 | `UPOS` | Universal POS tag (UD v2 tagset) |
| 5 | `XPOS` | Language-specific POS tag |
| 6 | `FEATS` | Morphological features (`key=value` pairs separated by `\|`, or `_`) |
| 7 | `HEAD` | Index of the syntactic head token (0 = root) |
| 8 | `DEPREL` | Universal dependency relation to the head |
| 9 | `NER` | NER tag in BIO format (added in TreebankNos); `_` for multiword surface tokens |
| 10 | `MISC` | Miscellaneous annotations (e.g., `SpaceAfter=No`; `_` if none) |

> **Note on column 9:** The NER column is not part of the original CoNLL-U standard. It is appended as the ninth column in place of the standard `DEPS` (enhanced dependencies) field, which is not used in these files. Multiword token lines carry `_` in this column.

#### Example

```
# sent_id = 6
# text = Á dereita, outros participantes no foro, Paulo González Mariñas e Ramón Villares.
1-2	Á	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
1	A	a	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	3	case	O	_
2	a	o	DET	Ddfs	Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	3	det	O	_
3	dereita	dereita	NOUN	Scfs	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	6	nmod	O	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	Q,	_	3	punct	O	_
5	outros	outro	DET	Idmp	Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind	6	det	O	_
6	participantes	participante	NOUN	Scmp	Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	0	root	O	_
...
11	Paulo	paulo	PROPN	Sp00	_	6	appos	B-PER	_
12	González	gonzález	PROPN	Sp00	_	11	flat:name	I-PER	_
13	Mariñas	mariñas	PROPN	Sp00	_	11	flat:name	I-PER	_
14	e	e	CCONJ	Cc	_	15	cc	O	_
15	Ramón	ramón	PROPN	Sp00	_	11	conj	B-PER	_
16	Villares	villares	PROPN	Sp00	_	15	flat:name	I-PER	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	Q.	_	6	punct	O	_
```

---

### Label Sets

#### NER Tags (column 9 — BIO scheme)

| Tag | Description |
|---|---|
| `O` | Outside any named entity |
| `B-PER` | Beginning of a Person entity |
| `I-PER` | Inside a Person entity |
| `B-LOC` | Beginning of a Location entity |
| `I-LOC` | Inside a Location entity |
| `B-ORG` | Beginning of an Organisation entity |
| `I-ORG` | Inside an Organisation entity |
| `B-MISC` | Beginning of a Miscellaneous named entity |
| `I-MISC` | Inside a Miscellaneous named entity |
| `_` | Not applicable (multiword surface token line) |

#### NER Label Distribution

| Tag | train | test (TreeGal) | test (PUD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| O | 14,187 | 9,278 | 21,462 |
| B-PER | 203 | 141 | 420 |
| I-PER | 177 | 125 | 185 |
| B-LOC | 133 | 110 | 399 |
| I-LOC | 41 | 12 | 177 |
| B-ORG | 220 | 150 | 276 |
| I-ORG | 137 | 101 | 246 |
| B-MISC | 140 | 87 | 151 |
| I-MISC | 197 | 108 | 194 |

#### Universal POS Tags (column 4)

`ADJ`, `ADP`, `ADV`, `AUX`, `CCONJ`, `DET`, `INTJ`, `NOUN`, `NUM`, `PRON`, `PROPN`, `PUNCT`, `SCONJ`, `SYM`, `VERB`, `X`

#### Dependency Relations (column 8 — selection)

`acl`, `advcl`, `advmod`, `amod`, `appos`, `aux`, `case`, `cc`, `ccomp`, `conj`, `cop`, `csubj`, `det`, `expl`, `fixed`, `flat:name`, `iobj`, `mark`, `nmod`, `nsubj`, `nummod`, `obj`, `obl`, `parataxis`, `punct`, `root`, `xcomp`, and others per UD v2 guidelines.

---

## Source Corpora

### UD TreeGal
The TreeGal portion (`train` and `test` splits) derives from the **UD_Galician-TreeGal** treebank, a manually annotated corpus of Galician texts covering newspaper and political discourse. The original annotations follow the Universal Dependencies v2 framework.

### UD PUD (Parallel Universal Dependencies)
The `test_pud` split is drawn from the **UD_Galician-PUD** corpus, part of the multilingual PUD collection released alongside UD v2. The PUD sentences are translations of a shared English source and include a `parallel_id` metadata field linking each sentence to its parallel in other languages.

---

## Languages

- **Language:** Galician (`gl`)
- **Script:** Latin

Galician is a Romance language spoken primarily in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain and in border regions of Portugal. It is closely related to Portuguese and shares many morphosyntactic properties with other Iberian Romance languages, including a rich inflectional system for gender, number, case (for pronouns), and verb tense/mood/aspect.

---

## Intended Uses

TreebankNos is designed for:

- **NER** in Galician, a comparatively low-resource language for this task
- **Joint / multi-task learning** combining NER with POS tagging, morphological analysis, and dependency parsing
- **Cross-lingual transfer** studies using the PUD split, which is parallel across 20+ languages
- **Benchmarking** NLP pipelines for Galician

## Funding
This dataset was compiled within the Nós Project, funded by the Ministerio para la Transformación Digital y de la Función Pública - Funded by EU – NextGenerationEU within the framework of the [project ILENIA](https://proyectoilenia.es/) with reference 2022/TL22/00215336.