diff --git a/content/Authentic_Muslim_Community_in_Jiaxing__Zhejiang_Hui_Mosques__Food_and_Canal_Hist.md b/content/Authentic_Muslim_Community_in_Jiaxing__Zhejiang_Hui_Mosques__Food_and_Canal_Hist.md
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+---
+title: "Authentic Muslim Community in Jiaxing: Zhejiang Hui Mosques, Food and Canal History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2639"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2639"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:45Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "df03bc6c1e651a72736c56a897177044a74e079d14654745b6467b8b62e31c54"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Authentic Muslim Community in Jiaxing: Zhejiang Hui Mosques, Food and Canal History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province has a Hui Muslim community tied to the Grand Canal, Ganpu Port, and more than 700 years of local history. This nine-year return visit preserves the source's mosque history, street changes, restaurant details, community notes, and photographs.
+
+I first visited the Muslim communities along the Grand Canal in 2016-2017. I went to Jiaxing back then, as described in my post, "Halal Travel Review: Jiaxing, Zhejiang in 2017." I took advantage of the New Year holiday to visit Jiaxing again and see how the local Muslim community has changed over these nine years. Overall, although the traditional neighborhood right next to the Jiaxing Mosque was cleared in 2019, there are still many Hui Muslim restaurants scattered throughout the old city. This shows that the Muslim community in Jiaxing remains very active.
+
+The Muslim community in Jiaxing began in the Southern Song Dynasty and has lasted for over 700 years. Even though it was interrupted for a few decades by war at the end of the Qing Dynasty, it remains one of the most important Muslim centers in Zhejiang.
+
+In 1246 (the sixth year of the Chunyou era of the Song Dynasty), the Song government set up a maritime trade office at Ganpu Port in Jiaxing, and foreign merchants began to gather there. Many Hui Muslim merchants settled on Luli Street in the southeast of Jiaxing city. Goods arriving from Ganpu Port were transferred here before being sent to the capital, Lin'an. Luli Street gradually became known as "Hui Muslim Street." In the early Yuan Dynasty, a large number of Hui Muslim troops were stationed near Lin'an. In 1276 (the 13th year of the Zhiyuan era of the Yuan Dynasty), the Jiaxing military command was changed to the Jiaxing Pacification Commission, and these Hui Muslim soldiers settled down permanently. Records show that in 1295 (the first year of the Yuanzhen era of the Yuan Dynasty), when Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din Omar served as the governor of Songjiang Prefecture, he brought 30,000 Hui Muslim soldiers from Jiaxing.
+
+During the Ming Dynasty, due to policies that allowed tribute but restricted trade, the Hui Muslim soldiers and foreign merchants gradually became the Hui Muslim population. Jiaxing saw the rise of several major family names, including Xu, Guo, Jin, Sha, Ma, and Yang, and they built the Jiaxing Mosque in 1602 (the 30th year of the Wanli era). The mosque still houses a stone tablet from the 30th year of the Wanli era titled "Record of the Construction of the True Religion Mosque in Jiaxing Prefecture." It was written by Ma Hualong, who was a Jiaxing official from Xinye, Henan, and a successful candidate in the imperial examinations in the fifth year of the Wanli era. The back of the tablet was inscribed in 1774 (the 39th year of the Qianlong era) with a "Record of the Renovation of the Jiaxing Prefecture Mosque." According to the Wanli tablet, "Among the provinces, Hangzhou has the most Muslims, and they have built mosques in the Jiaxing area for a long time." "Now, Muslims like Ma Zhonglü and others have donated money according to their means, bought a piece of vacant land south of Tongji Bridge east of the government office, and built this mosque, modeling it slightly after the style in Hangzhou."
+
+Jiaxing originally had a large mosque and a small mosque. The large one was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion, so the small mosque inside the East Gate became known as the Jiaxing Mosque. The Jiaxing Mosque underwent major repairs in 1747 (the 12th year of the Qianlong era). A local official named Sha Dacheng funded the renovation and expansion of the halls and corridors, and he also added three lecture rooms. In 1774 (the 39th year of the Qianlong era), Sha Dacheng's nephew, a student named Guo Zaifen, rebuilt the main gate of the mosque and added five rooms.
+
+After the Taiping Rebellion, the Jiaxing Mosque fell into ruin. It was not used again until the early 20th century, when Hui Muslims newly arrived from Henan began using it. Since then, most of the imams have been hired from Henan. One of them, Imam Guo Qingxin, was from Kaifeng, Henan. He had previously taught at the Wangjia Hutong Mosque in Kaifeng. In 1948, he led more than 40 students from the Henan Arabic Language School to move south to Jiaxing. He was hired as the imam of the Jiaxing Mosque in 1950 and served for over 30 years.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uveng1.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cegiqe.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qgsvs8.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h98qod.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/76v7wa.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g8j8m9.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z7ba23.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hc2pio.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/32mdoi.jpg)
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+The current imam of the Jiaxing Mosque is from Ningxia. The people attending Friday namaz are half from Henan and half from the Northwest, along with some foreigners. During the opening prayer and the sermon, people arrived one after another. Eventually, they filled not only the main prayer hall but also the side halls, which shows how vibrant the Muslim community in Jiaxing is. After the prayer, several friends (dost) from Henan and the Northwest were selling cooked food and noodles at the mosque entrance, making the area very lively.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nei1b3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z4ft1z.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4htmwn.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4neuve.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nmtf6v.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7m2v6y.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u4cswu.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/disq02.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lnb4rk.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/btvzuo.jpg)
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+The Jiaxing Mosque preserves some very beautiful Arabic wood carvings from the mid-Qing Dynasty, which were likely carved during the renovations in the Qianlong era.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ap66s4.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rnnnxi.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9q9vk9.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rto8xp.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0vg8wk.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/56i4b8.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f1do11.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xggzow.jpg)
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+The Henan friends (dosti) who moved to Jiaxing in the 20th century also brought the Henan tradition of women's religious education. Jiaxing's women's religious education began in 1942, with Yang Huizhen serving as the first head teacher (jiaozhang). In 1946, Yang Huizhen founded the Jiaxing Islamic Care Home to provide shelter for the elderly, weak, women, and children.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5kzsgj.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jzyecu.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l0bf7u.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3yw0eg.jpg)
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+Jiaxing Hui Muslims love martial arts, so they formed the Jiaxing Hui Muslim Martial Arts Team in 1980, led by Han Haihua of the Han family. There is still a martial arts school run by Han Maosen at the mosque entrance today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4c2vf0.jpg)
+
+When I first visited Jiaxing in 2017, there were many snack shops at the mosque entrance, and I even ate a beef rice dumpling (niurou zong). However, the area was cleared out in 2019, and there are far fewer snack shops now.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uetjb8.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/954do4.jpg)
+
+Among the Hui Muslims who moved south from Henan to Jiaxing during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, half belonged to the Han family from Zhecheng, Shangqiu, Henan, known as the Great Han Family. The Han surname Hui Muslims in Zhecheng are said to be the Salar Hans who moved from Xunhua, Qinghai, in the late Yuan Dynasty. Their ancestor was originally named Shamuhan, and they later took the last syllable to change their surname to Han. In 1404 (the second year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty), the Han family moved to Yucheng, Shandong, and later a branch led by Han Yuanchen moved to Zhecheng, Henan, to settle down.
+
+To this day, many Hui Muslims with the surname Han still live near the Jiaxing mosque. Han Haili's family, located on Xiuzhou Road behind the mosque, moved to Jiaxing in 1938 when Henan fell. They have made a living selling Hui Muslim snacks for nearly 90 years, making them a famous old Jiaxing brand. When I came to Jiaxing in 2017, their shop was quite simple, but this time it has been renovated to look very refined, and they serve full meals to snacks. We ordered pan-fried dumplings (jianjiao), beef offal vermicelli pot (niuza fensi bao), fried fish noodles (baoyu mian), and crispy sesame flatbread (xiangsu bing). The beef offal pot arrived at the table bubbling and was very comforting, perfect for winter. The crispy sesame flatbread is very popular with children, and it is convenient to buy a few to take along when visiting the nearby ancient town.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lukxx8.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rpqoac.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0j4wos.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wtyitx.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/06tedo.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w7r2w4.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1mxgxe.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bbekc5.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xlofqf.jpg)
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+The old city of Jiaxing is home to many Hui Muslim snack shops, including Haiqin's Deli, Henan Snack Shop, Guo's Beef Pan-fried Buns, Yudong Heritage Whole Lamb Restaurant, Pan-fried Bun and Beef Soup Shop, and Alin's Pan-fried Dumpling Shop. You don't have to worry about finding food when traveling in the old city of Jiaxing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vbb1be.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/si0p71.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/njtyj1.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t0nwmf.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nn8gb0.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/03n7n0.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1186pl.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fzigi3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z6k2ak.jpg)
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+In the evening, we had dinner at Jingyage on Xiuzhou Road near the Jiaxing mosque. This place is also run by Henan friends, and they specialize in lamb soup and flatbread (yangtang shaobing), though I think the flatbread is only truly fragrant when made fresh in the morning. We ordered lamb soup braised noodles (yangtang huimian), stacked meat (duozi rou), and osmanthus beef tenderloin (guihua niuliu). The braised noodles and stacked meat both had a very authentic Henan taste and were very comforting to eat. The osmanthus dish is actually stir-fried eggs. Eating the beef tenderloin and stir-fried eggs wrapped in lotus leaf buns (heye bing) is very suitable for the tastes of Northerners, and our whole family thought it was delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pwi83t.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bilo6g.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mzluh5.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i55uab.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/80cc99.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/heg3wo.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z3m2yx.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/swk0u4.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i5e6y7.jpg)
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+The most worth-eating Hui Muslim restaurant in Jiaxing is undoubtedly Siruchun on Yuehe Street. Siruchun has a history of over 100 years and is now listed as a Jiaxing intangible cultural heritage for its "Hui Muslim pan-fried bun and dumpling making technique."
+
+Siruchun was founded in 1919 by a Hui Muslim from Henan named Bai Tisheng. It first opened inside the East Gate near the Jiaxing Mosque. At that time, Bai Tisheng mainly sold soy-sauce beef (jiang niurou), beef and lamb steamed buns (baozi), and pan-fried pancakes (jianbing). Because the buns were the most popular, the shop was also called the Bai Family Buns of the East Gate. When the Japanese army occupied Jiaxing in December 1937, the East Gate was destroyed by artillery fire, and the Bai family fled to the countryside for safety. After the fighting calmed down at the end of 1938, Bai Tisheng opened the Siruchun Stir-fry Restaurant at the street corner near Xuangong Bridge. Later, it became one of the most famous Hui Muslim stir-fry restaurants in Jiaxing, alongside Chunhuayuan and Yuxinglou.
+
+During the public-private partnership period in the 1950s, Siruchun merged with several other Hui Muslim snack shops. It stopped selling stir-fried dishes and only served beef noodles and pan-fried pancakes. In 1969, Changshuitang was widened and Xuangong Bridge was demolished, causing Siruchun to disappear.
+
+After the 1990s, the three-story YSL Garden Hotel opened near Zhongshan Bridge in Jiaxing. Many of the veteran chefs and their apprentices from the old Chunhuayuan and Siruchun returned to work there, making the Garden Hotel the go-to spot for authentic Hui Muslim stir-fry in Jiaxing at the time. In 1998, the Garden Hotel was demolished for the construction of the city moat green belt. That same year, the Hui Muslim restaurant Chunhuayuan on Jianguo Road was also torn down, leaving Jiaxing's Hui Muslim dining scene in a difficult spot.
+
+In 2008, Bai Tisheng's descendant, Bai Qingmin, and his children reopened the Bai Family Bun Shop on Yuehe Street. The chefs and bun makers who had worked at Chunhuayuan and the Garden Hotel came to help, some of whom were already over seventy years old. In 2012, the Bai family continued by restoring the Siruchun Stir-fry Restaurant, which became the most famous time-honored Hui Muslim brand in Jiaxing.
+
+When I visited Siruchun in 2017, I ate fruit soup (shuiguo yuanzi geng), crab roe tofu (xiehuang doufu), Indian aster greens (malantou), and Bai family fried fish (baojia baoyu). This time, I ordered beef strips with pickled mustard greens and edamame (xuecai maodou niurousi), stir-fried eggs with silverfish (yinyu chaodan), soy-sauce duck (jiangya), braised gluten (suji), and Indian aster greens. If you want to eat traditional Jiaxing Hui Muslim cuisine, this is the right place to come. Our favorite dish is the beef strips with pickled mustard greens and edamame. It is cooked very lightly, and both adults and children love it. Stir-fried eggs with silverfish is also a specialty of the Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai regions, and it is very nutritious. The soy-sauce duck is a bit cold to eat in winter, so I heated it up in the shop's microwave. Since the other dishes are quite light, the soy-sauce duck helps balance the meal. I have always loved braised gluten, and it is hard to find it this good in the north. I really liked the Indian aster greens last time I ate them because they are so fresh and crisp. I recommended them to my family this time, and they all liked them too.
+
+Because the shop is on Yuehe Street, the foot traffic is very high, and the service can't always keep up. This is understandable, and even though there are many people eating, the food still comes out quickly.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mtddqq.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/91lrwm.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6r4s6k.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qltk9o.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jyuj0a.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2lr5oh.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fqq6ut.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wld5bc.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4a1kby.jpg)
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+There are two other unique Hui Muslim restaurants in Jiaxing: one is a Jiangxi home-style restaurant run by Hui Muslims from Xi'an, and the other is a Northeast-style iron pot stew. If any friends (dosti) want to try a different flavor, they can check those out. We actually really wanted to try the Jiangxi home-style food, but we gave up because we had children with us and couldn't eat spicy food.
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ziyexn.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/08ehmi.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Beihai_Park_Huihuiying_Mosque__A_Beijing_Muslim_Heritage_Travel_Note.md b/content/Beihai_Park_Huihuiying_Mosque__A_Beijing_Muslim_Heritage_Travel_Note.md
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+---
+title: "Beihai Park Huihuiying Mosque: A Beijing Muslim Heritage Travel Note"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1910"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1910"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:46Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "f85dd3c25b2eff4a6b5bf6427546534d297f250dbfee935e23c5084d8a41acb0"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beihai Park Huihuiying Mosque: A Beijing Muslim Heritage Travel Note
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Beihai Park Huihuiying Mosque: A Beijing Muslim Heritage Travel Note. During the Qing Dynasty, there was a mosque in Beijing built by imperial decree: the Huihuiying Mosque located on West Chang'an Street, which was also the only mosque built by the Qing government. It is useful for readers interested in Beihai Park, Beijing Mosque, Hui Muslims.
+
+During the Qing Dynasty, there was a mosque in Beijing built by imperial decree: the Huihuiying Mosque located on West Chang'an Street, which was also the only mosque built by the Qing government. Regrettably, the main hall of the Huihuiying Mosque collapsed due to disrepair in the 1900s and was completely demolished by Yuan Shikai in the early years of the Republic of China. However, in Beihai Park, there is a building with a shape and era very similar to the main hall of the Huihuiying Mosque, which allows us to imagine the former magnificence of the Huihuiying Mosque: the Hall of Ultimate Bliss (Jile Shijie Dian) in Xiaoxitian.
+
+In 1759, after the Qianlong Emperor pacified the Great and Small Khojas of the White Mountain Sect, he summoned the Hui Muslims who had surrendered, led by the 'Eight Peers of the Hui Region', to the capital. The high-ranking nobles and beks (local officials) among these people were managed by the Lifanyuan (Court of Colonial Affairs) and lived in exclusive residences, while the ordinary Hui Muslims were organized into the 'Hui People's Zuo Ling' (Hui Muslim Company) under the Left Wing Fifth Regiment of the Plain White Banner of the Imperial Household Department, known in Manchu as 'hoise niru', and were settled in the Huiying (Hui Muslim Camp) outside the West Chang'an Gate.
+
+Construction of the Huiying began in 1759; it originally had 147 rooms, and later, as more Hui Muslim craftsmen and artisans arrived in the capital, it was expanded in 1763 to reach 310 rooms. After the Huiying was built, the Qianlong Emperor had a mosque built on its west side, which was completed in 1764. The Qianlong Emperor inscribed the 'Stele Record of the Imperial-Built Hui mosque' and placed it in the mosque, writing: 'The Hui Muslims gather here at the appointed times, and the beks who come to the capital for their annual audience all worship with joy, marveling at something never seen before in the Western Regions.' Until the bek system was abolished in 1884, this was the place where beks from all over Xinjiang completed their worship during their annual visits to the capital.
+
+Regarding photographs of the main hall of the Huihuiying Mosque, the earliest one currently available was taken in 1870 by the Scottish physician Dr. John Dudgeon. The mosque's main hall in the photo is a square pavilion building with a double-eaved, four-cornered pyramidal roof, which is unique among all the mosques in Beijing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dnzrk6.jpg)
+
+According to records, the Qianlong Emperor had several double-eaved, four-cornered pyramidal roof square pavilion buildings built in Beijing. Among them, the Hall of Ultimate Bliss in Beihai and the Huihuiying Mosque were almost identical in shape, both being 'nine open bays with seven hidden', meaning they had ten pillars and nine bays, with the outermost two bays being a veranda, making the actual building seven bays wide. Furthermore, the eras of the two buildings are also very close. The Hall of Ultimate Bliss was built in 1768, only four years after the completion of the Huihuiying Mosque, and it is possible that they even shared the same construction team.
+
+However, there are still some differences between the two buildings. As a building constructed by the Qianlong Emperor to celebrate his mother's birthday, the Hall of Ultimate Bliss stands 26.9 meters tall and is the largest square pavilion palace building in China, while the Huihuiying Mosque was slightly smaller in scale. The Hall of Ultimate Bliss is covered with yellow glazed tiles with green edges and features high-ranking golden dragon and seal-style paintings between the beams, while the Huihuiying Mosque had green glazed tiles, and the grade of its paintings was likely relatively lower.
+
+In short, if you happen to be taking a stroll in Beihai Park, you can still go see the Hall of Ultimate Bliss and imagine the building that was once very similar to it—the main hall of the Huihuiying Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y6qviy.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0y4i46.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yx6uxv.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aszkxo.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4e7hab.jpg)
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+Additionally, from an old photograph taken in front of the north gate of the Huihuiying Mosque's main hall, one can see exquisite openwork window lattices, which are also very close to the window lattices of the Hall of Ultimate Bliss.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/54bg06.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ydc0nj.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/82y9lx.jpg)
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+In 1912, Yuan Shikai was elected President and chose Zhongnanhai as the Presidential Palace. Soon after, Zhu Qiqian, Minister of the Interior, presided over the renovation of the Baoyue Tower at the southern end of Zhongnanhai into the new gate of the Presidential Palace, Xinhua Gate, while also expanding the street in front of the palace and building a decorative wall across the street. Because it was adjacent to the Baoyue Tower, both the gate and the main hall of the Huihuiying Mosque were forced to be demolished. After the main hall was demolished, the congregants had nowhere to pray, so they rebuilt a small hall on the original site.
+
+Because the Republic of China stopped issuing stipends to the Banner people in its early years, the Huihuiying community lived in poverty. The rebuilt main hall was very small, consisting of two connected shed-roofed rooms, and the rear mihrab (niche indicating the direction of prayer) also had a shed roof, lacking the traditional dome of a mosque. Since the original north gate was blocked by the decorative wall, the mosque had to change its entrance to face south, and the stone arch carved with continuous lotus patterns from the original gate was placed above the new gate.
+
+After the liberation, the Huihuiying Mosque was occupied by the guard regiment for a long time until the demolition began on the south side of West Chang'an Street in 2009. On June 8, 2010, the Republic-era main hall and gate of the Huihuiying Mosque were demolished. In 2011, the Xicheng District Cultural Committee rebuilt the mosque 200 meters west of the original site, and the 'Stele Record of the Imperial-Built Hui mosque' inscribed by the Qianlong Emperor was placed back in the courtyard. Regrettably, the new mosque was not built according to the original design, and the only remaining stone arch was placed on the mihrab of the main hall. Today, the new mosque has been built for more than ten years, but it has never been opened.
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2msxcf.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4kath7.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y27dwj.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ngutbk.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4m8g7e.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fyvk2s.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3454hx.jpg)
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+Although we cannot enter the Huihuiying Mosque to see the stone arch, we can still see very similar continuous lotus stone arches on the glazed archways around the Hall of Ultimate Bliss in Beihai, although because the Hall of Ultimate Bliss is a Buddhist building, the lotus carvings on the stone arches have a few more of the Eight Buddhist Treasures.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dch6j4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ep8doo.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Halal_History__Muslim_Shops_West_of_Caishikou_Road.md b/content/Beijing_Halal_History__Muslim_Shops_West_of_Caishikou_Road.md
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+---
+title: "Beijing Halal History: Muslim Shops West of Caishikou Road"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2065"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2065"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:38Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "a72d723230f5fce7dacc5a6ffce21a83020dc1f01c72a17bc9d6362f2b5947ba"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Halal History: Muslim Shops West of Caishikou Road
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Halal History: Muslim Shops West of Caishikou Road is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Caishikou was once the main wholesale vegetable market in Beijing. Guang'anmen Street, located west of Caishikou, was lined with shops and very busy, and many of these businesses were run by Hui Muslims. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Halal Food, Caishikou, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+Caishikou was once the main wholesale vegetable market in Beijing. Guang'anmen Street, located west of Caishikou, was lined with shops and very busy, and many of these businesses were run by Hui Muslims.
+
+The book "Xuanwu History and Culture Volume 5" includes an article by Liu Xiangbo called "Memories of Shops Along the Street West of Caishikou." The author wrote this in 1993, just before the road widening project on Guang'anmen Inner Street. I copied the parts about Hui Muslims from the text to use as reference material. For the locations of the shops mentioned in the text, you can refer to the 1935 map of the outer four districts of Beiping.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/id75qv.jpg)
+
+North side of the road west of Caishikou:
+
+1. Sha's Shop. Run by a Hui Muslim family named Sha. It had no storefront, but was set back with a gate large enough for a cart to enter. There are two small rooms built over the gate, with a tinware shop located above them. Like Yaojia Inn on the west side of the entrance to Beibanjie Hutong, Shajiadian mostly houses rural peddlers who come into the city to sell vegetables and fruit. A descendant of the Sha family lives in the first house on the north side of the west entrance of Hongluochang, on the east side of Lanman Hutong.
+
+2. Laiba's tripe (baodu). A two-room wine shop (jiugang) called Taiyuan has a Hui Muslim man named Laiba who runs a permanent stall selling tripe (baodu) right in front.
+
+**[Living Forest (Huoshuyun)]**
+
+Zhengxingde Tea House. The words 'Tianjin Branch' are written in front of the door. This is a tea shop run by Hui Muslims. Most of the customers are also Hui Muslims. There are not many houses behind the shop, and the village goods are kept in a separate warehouse (duifang) on the east side of the inner road of Lanman Hutong. For many years, Zhengxingde used white paper with red woodblock-printed labels to package its tea.
+
+**[Sesame Shop Alley (Zhima Dian Hutong)]**
+
+Mutton stall (yangrou chuangzi). It has two storefronts, but I do not remember the name. This is a long-standing beef and mutton shop run by Hui Muslims. Near the entrance on the east side sits a meat cutting table (rouchuangzi). It is scrubbed so clean that the white wood grain shows through. Beef and lamb are laid out on the table, and more meat hangs from copper hooks on a horizontal bar above it. In front of the meat table sits a long, unpainted wooden bench about a foot wide. It is not for sitting. Customers use it to hold their shopping baskets and other belongings. Customers are not allowed to put their things on the meat table to keep it clean and halal. People say this rule was agreed upon by Hui Muslims and Han residents to avoid conflicts over their different daily habits.
+
+The lamb shop also sells cooked items like soy-sauce beef (jiang niurou), roasted lamb (shao yangrou), and beef and lamb offal (niuyang zasui). Especially in summer, the shop always has a pot of meat broth simmering on the stove. When people buy offal, they often bring a green glazed jar. The shopkeeper gives them half a jar of broth for free. It is light and not greasy, making it a cheap and delicious way to dress noodles in the summer.
+
+Guang'anmen Vegetable Market. Just west of Dafeng Hao, there is a Hui Muslim tofu pudding (doufunao) stall and a Hui Muslim sticky rice cake (qiegao) stall right at the entrance. They have been there for a long time.
+
+Dachangheng Kerosene Shop. The shop had two storefronts and was three rooms deep. It was opened by Liu Fazeng, a Hui Muslim from Baigou River in Xincheng, Hebei Province. Electric lights only reached every street and alley in Beijing after the founding of the People's Republic of China. In the past, most homes and shops used kerosene lamps, so they consumed a lot of kerosene. Back then, there was no domestic oil, so it was called foreign oil (yangyou). Naturally, Dachangheng sold foreign oil from Texaco and Shell.
+
+Besides kerosene, Dachangheng also sold kerosene lamps, lamp wicks (dengnian), and matches (which Beijingers call qudeng or yanghuo). They also sold brown sugar, white sugar, rock sugar, and cigarettes, and business was very good. Wealthy families bought several pounds or more of kerosene at a time to use slowly, while poor citizens mostly bought only what they needed for the day. Every evening, families would take out their kerosene lamps, use rough paper (maotouzhi) to wipe the soot off the glass lamp shades (dengzhao), and check if there was enough oil for the night. If not, they would carry their lamp or a glass bottle to the kerosene shop. At the kerosene shop, kerosene was stored in large drums. The shopkeeper used a metal scoop (tizi)—which looked like a wine dipper but was welded from tinplate instead of bamboo—to measure the amount and pour it through a funnel into a kerosene lamp or bottle. That is why Beijingers usually call buying kerosene 'hitting' (da) kerosene.
+
+**Outer Fourth District Police Station**
+
+Sesame flatbread (shaobing) shop. The shop had a one-room storefront that went three rooms deep. I cannot remember its name, which ended in 'zhai'. In the early morning, they mainly sold sesame flatbread (shaobing), fried dough twists (mahua), crispy fried rings (jiaoquan), and soy milk (doujiang). They also made honey-glazed fried dough twists (mi mahua), brown sugar flatbread (tang huoshao), steamed buns (dun bobo), triangular sugar cakes (tang sanjiao), and date cakes (zaobing). During the Dragon Boat Festival, they wrapped sticky rice dumplings (zongzi), and for the Spring Festival, they made seasonal foods like New Year rice cakes (niangao) to sell. In the afternoon, they only baked a few batches of fresh sesame flatbread (shaobing) and stopped making fried items. Two Hui Muslim brothers ran the shop and had one or two assistants. One assistant, surnamed Tie, had worked there for many years and opened his own sesame flatbread (shaobing) shop nearby after liberation. Later, I went into the Nanlaishun snack shop.
+
+Yuelai Inn. It was called an inn, but it had long stopped being a place for traveling merchants to stay and was instead filled with all kinds of long-term residents. The courtyard was huge with over a hundred rooms. The landlord was a Hui Muslim named Ma, whom everyone called Fifth Master Ma. At the north end of the courtyard, he used a decorative wall to section off a small yard. He left a moon gate (yue liang men) in the wall and kept many pigeons there. There was a back door in the northeast corner of the courtyard that led to Guang'an Xili. Inside the door was a large pit where children could jump in and splash around. It was filled with wastewater from the bean sprout workshop in the courtyard where they washed beans to grow sprouts. The courtyard had a vegetable shop, a mat shop, a straw bag shop, and street vendors selling various things like roasted sweet potatoes (kao baishu).
+
+**[Juguo Hutong]**
+
+**Magpie Alley (Xique Hutong)**
+
+Liu Siba's hay shop. Guang'an Alley used to be called Jar Alley (Guan'er Hutong), and it was the site of the daily morning market. On the west side of the entrance, there is a hay shop run by a Hui Muslim named Liu Siba. Liu is from the same family as the owners of the Roast Meat Liu (Kaorou Liu) shop east of Hufang Bridge. The shop sold hay for livestock, and they hired several workers to spend all day cutting the grass with a fodder cutter. It is the only hay shop near Caishikou that I remember seeing in my childhood.
+
+South of the road, west of Caishikou:
+
+Nanlaishun Snack Shop. In the late 1950s, the Guixinzhai pastry shop, Deyigong stationery store, and a popsicle shop at the entrance of Chengxiang Alley were torn down. The Xuanwu District Catering Management Office built the Nanlaishun Snack Shop there, which could seat over a hundred people. It gathered all kinds of snacks favored by Beijing's Hui Muslims: sesame flatbread (shaobing), brown sugar flatbread (tanghuoshao), crispy fried rings (jiaoquan), thin crispy crackers (baocui), fried dough cakes (youbing), sugar cakes (tangbing), honey twists (mimahua), sugar twists (tangmahua), fried rice cakes (zhagao), sticky rice cakes (qiegao), steamed sponge cakes (fenggao), date cakes (zaobing), large flatbreads (dabing), stuffed pies (xianbing), red bean porridge (xiaodouzhou), sweet porridge (tianzhou), millet flour porridge (miancha), and tofu pudding (doufunao). You could find almost every snack that ever existed in Beijing here. You could buy them to take home or sit inside the shop to eat. It did not cost much, and if you picked different items, you could eat there for ten days or half a month without ever repeating a dish. Morning, noon, and night, the shop was always bustling and packed with people. Later, they added a private dining area to serve stir-fried dishes, hot pot (shuanrou), and to host full banquet tables. The waiter, Master Ji, lived in Huashi outside Chongwen Gate. He had worked in this industry his whole life, starting early on at Yimuyuan in Xidan, and knew the dishes of Beijing's Hui Muslim restaurants like the back of his hand. He was warm when greeting guests and knew how to read and care for a customer's needs. If you wanted to save trouble and avoid waste, you could tell him your budget, and he would arrange the meal so you spent little but ate very well. Even though he served several tables by himself, he stayed focused and took great care of every guest until they finished their meal and walked out the door. After the Turpan Restaurant (Tulufan Canting) opened, Master Ji was hired as the front-of-house manager.
+
+A pigment shop. It was a small storefront, also called an alkali shop (jianpu), and it looked very plain. During the Japanese occupation, it briefly became an electrical supply store selling light bulbs, wires, porcelain cleats, porcelain insulators, fuses, electrical tape, and other electrical materials. The owner was a Hui Muslim who always rode a nice bicycle with a friction-drive generator (modiangun) to get around. Later, he closed this shop and opened another electrical supply store on the west side of Xizhuan Hutong. Besides selling electrical parts, the store also took on jobs like installing electric lights.
+
+Junwang Sesame Flatbread Shop (Junwang Shaobing Pu). The shopkeeper is young but wears a handsome beard in the tradition of Hui Muslims, which is likely how he earned the nickname Handsome Wang (Jun Wang). He sells snacks like sesame flatbread (shaobing) and twisted fried dough (mahua tanghuoshao). The fried crispy ring (zha jiaoquan) is his most famous item, which is crunchy and not greasy when tucked into a sesame flatbread or wrapped in a thin pancake (jianbing). The shop also grinds its own soy milk. The shop is often full of customers early in the morning.
+
+**Pass-through door (chuantang men)**
+
+Shihong Steamed Bun Shop is a Hui Muslim shop. Outside the door, a steamer sits on a stove made from a large oil drum, puffing out steam all day long. A young apprentice stands in front of the door, shouting at the top of his lungs, "Fresh steamed buns are hot!" His calls echo back and forth with the young clerk at Yongfahu Steamed Bun Shop across the street, adding a lively atmosphere to the street. The steamed buns (baozi) at the Hui Muslim bun shop are wrapped differently than those made by Han Chinese, with fewer pleats on top. They are mostly filled with lamb and chives. The worker fills a steamer basket and adds it to the bottom of the stack in the steamer. A wooden, cylindrical cover sits over all the baskets, so fresh buns are always ready.
+
+Shihong sold other flour-based foods besides buns. It closed around the time of the Liberation, though some say it moved to the east gate of Liulichang. Later, a shop making large and small steelyard scales opened here. The owner of Shihong was reportedly a Hui Muslim from Dezhou, Shandong.
+
+Gas welding shop. It was a storefront run by a Hui Muslim named Ma Dewen, who used to sell sticky rice cake (qiegao) in front of the Guang'an vegetable market. In the early days after Liberation, he changed his trade to take on all kinds of gas welding work here, and business was quite good. Ma was also a neighborhood activist in the 1950s.
+
+**Lanman Hutong**
+
+Qinghuazhai. Near Caishikou, the only pastry shop for Hui Muslims was Qinghuazhai, located on the west side of the road just inside the entrance of Lanman Hutong, and it was opened by a Hui Muslim named Ma Lanting. The shop was gone by about the 1960s, but the name Qinghuazhai Pastry Factory is still kept today.
+
+Hui Muslim beef and mutton shop. It had two storefronts with a blue tent with white characters set up in front, and the owner and the shop assistants were all from Dezhou, Shandong. It operates much like the lamb shop on the north side of the road, so I will not repeat the details here. They also sell spiced beef (jiang niurou) and lamb offal soup (yangzasui), and serve free meat broth.
+
+**Xizhuan Alley**
+
+Electrical supply store. This is a single-frontage shop run by Hui Muslims. They originally had an electrical store on the south side of Xuanwai Street, right across from Caishikou, before moving here. Two brothers run the shop without any hired help. Besides selling electrical parts, they also go out to install and repair lights.
+
+Large crowded courtyard (dazayuan). This is also a long, narrow courtyard (tongziyuan) with a path in the middle. Low, gray-roofed bungalows are built against the east and west walls, and most of the residents are poor city dwellers. The Wang family set up a snack stall right in front of Yuhua Middle School (now Guang'an Middle School) across the street. They sold everything you could eat or drink, including sugar-coated beans (tangdou), melons and fruits, cigarettes, toilet paper, chilled soda, sour plum drink (suanmeitang), and shaved ice dessert (xuehualao). Later, they added glass and picture frames to their stock, cutting glass to order at the stall and even going out to install window and door glass for construction jobs. The business supported a family of seven or eight people. Old Man Wang was a devout Hui Muslim who set up his stall at daybreak and packed up at ten at night, working hard through wind and sun, but during Ramadan, he would not eat or drink a drop until he saw the stars and the moon.
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Hui_Stories_Outside_Fuchengmen.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Hui_Stories_Outside_Fuchengmen.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c0f645a9761cbbdf90c683e20f7ad37d4fb3d8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Hui_Stories_Outside_Fuchengmen.md
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Hui Stories Outside Fuchengmen"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2073"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2073"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:41Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui History"
+content_hash: "c94a453966eb07442e7b44df04bd233a0325895191a2d454eb02851b1695ebff"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Hui Stories Outside Fuchengmen
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Hui Stories Outside Fuchengmen is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: I recently bought a new book from the Zhengyang Library at Xisi in Beijing this September called 'Memories of the Suburbs Outside Fuchengmen'. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Fuchengmen, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+I recently bought a new book from the Zhengyang Library at Xisi in Beijing this September called 'Memories of the Suburbs Outside Fuchengmen'. The author, Zhang Guoqing, is a Hui Muslim who lived outside Fuchengmen for generations. He was born in Yuetan East Alley in 1939 and lived outside Fuchengmen until 2005. After retiring, he started writing down his childhood memories, which eventually became this book.
+
+During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, there were mosque neighborhoods in the suburbs outside all nine gates of Beijing's inner city. Places like the areas outside Chongwenmen and Chaoyangmen even had three or four mosques, and there is relatively more written history about them. Because there were fewer Hui Muslims living outside Fuchengmen and they were more spread out, there has always been a lack of articles about them. This book not only fills the gap in writings about the Hui Muslims outside Fuchengmen, but it is also very special because it comes from vivid childhood memories.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yoniko.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lnk969.png)
+
+The author drew a map of the area outside Fuchengmen in 1949. You can see the location of the Fuchengmen Outside Mosque (Xiaochangkou libaisi). This is the first time I have seen a map that marks the exact location of this mosque. Today, a stone tablet from the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty belonging to the Fuchengmen Outside Mosque is still stored inside the mosque of Emperors of Successive Dynasties in Beijing. It is the only remaining witness to this mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lmk552.png)
+
+The author's grandfather worked as a scale operator at the Shunxing Vegetable Shop in the Yuetan vegetable market. Every morning, vegetable farmers would drive horse, mule, donkey, and ox carts to deliver vegetables to the shops. Each shop used a large wooden scale that was 1.5 meters long. The scale operator had to quickly and accurately place the weight on the right mark and call out the weight of the vegetables as fast as possible.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cwlivg.png)
+
+The author recalls many halal businesses on Fuwai Street during the Republic of China era. For example, the owners of the Guang Sheng De lamb shop were two brothers from Dezhou, Shandong, who were cousins of the author's grandfather. They named the shop using one character from each of their names and added the character 'De' to show their deep affection for their hometown of Dezhou. The owners of both the Dong Ju Yuan and Xi Ju Yuan lamb shops were Uncle Zhang Dianchen, and the author's third grandfather worked as a butcher there. There were also many others, including the halal Fu Long pastry shop (bobo pu), the halal Huang family sesame flatbread shop (shaobing pu), Wensheng sesame flatbread shop, Yang family breakfast shop, Wan family restaurant, Fucheng Xing grain store, Jin the Hui Muslim's plaster shop, and the Sanjiang Hui Muslim restaurant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tl3jls.png)
+
+Two Hui Muslim families with ancestral roots in Dezhou, Shandong, shared the surname Man.
+
+The author's grandmother came from the Man family in Shuncheng outside Fucheng Gate and was a cousin of the famous Peking opera star Ma Lianliang. The Man family in Shuncheng was the largest Hui Muslim household in the area at the time, and they made their living in the cattle business. The Man family raised cattle and also slaughtered them, selling beef wholesale to lamb and beef shops. The east courtyard of the Man family home has a large cattle pen with wooden fences, and next to it is a wrestling ring where anyone who loves to wrestle can show off their skills. Every autumn and winter, the Man family sets up three large iron pots over a meter wide to stew offal (zasui) and beef bones, which they then give away to poor families.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7qa74j.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oejik7.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m6pq1b.png)
+
+East of the Yuetan Archway is the Man Family Mutton Shop, which is one of the largest mutton shops on Fuchengmen Outer Street. Their meat cutting table (yangrou chuangzi) is about 1.3 or 1.4 meters high and the size of a single bed, and they cut and sell both beef and mutton on it. In front of the table is a wooden bench for customers to sit on or to place their belongings. They allow people to trade clean lotus leaves, sunflower leaves, or large castor leaves for an equal weight of beef or mutton. Since there were no plastic bags back then and paper would stick to the meat, it was common practice to use leaves for wrapping.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3y9606.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7tpa1i.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/77bl4i.png)
+
+Recalling the halal banquet dishes (dapeng cai) from outside Fuchengmen. In the past, authentic Beijing halal food was found at banquets, not in restaurants. Hui Muslims in Beijing used to prefer hosting banquets at home rather than going to restaurants. It felt more respectful and proper, and they could control every detail.
+
+Before the 1950s, famous halal tent-banquet caterers outside Fuchengmen included Cai Ji at Beilushikou, Liu Ji at Yuetan East Alley, Xin Ji at Nanyingfang, and Wang Songshan’s uncle. Cai Ji usually sold millet porridge with sesame paste (miancha) and tofu pudding (doufunao) at the Yuetan market, and made various malt candies (guandongtang) and sugar melons (tanggua) in winter. Xin Ji sold fried dough cakes (youbing), sugar-coated fried dough cakes (tangyoubing), and crispy crackers (baocui) at the same market. The other two families also worked at the market and would set up tent banquets whenever someone invited them.
+
+Banquets were categorized by the host's budget and the season. Every table usually started with appetizers like date-stuffed fried rolls (zaojuanguo), savory fried rolls (xianjuanguo), pea flour cake (wandouhuang), steamed rice cakes (aiwowo), and tea-infused vegetables (chacai), sometimes followed by fruit. Mid-range hot dishes included stewed meat, steamed pork with soy sauce (kourou), steamed meatballs (kouwanzi) or stir-fried meatballs (liuwanzi), steamed shredded meat (kousongrou), braised meat strips (paroutiao), sweet and sour lamb (tasimi), stir-fried tripe with coriander (yanbaosandan), tripe with kelp or lamb tail fat with kelp, fried tofu, stir-fried meat with egg and vinegar (culiumuxu), stir-fried trio (baosanyang), yam with wood ear mushrooms or shrimp-roe celery, stewed fish, and various stir-fries with celery, garlic sprouts, or bell peppers. Wealthy families would serve stir-fried shrimp or braised prawns. The meal ended with tomato egg soup, tripe soup, offal soup, or lotus seed soup. The cook would then announce, 'The final soup is served,' signaling the banquet was complete and it was time to tip the chef.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/037zd8.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9u19xv.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wwe76v.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iwbfh8.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8jleae.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ts3ptn.png)
+
+Yang Boru was a master of halal snacks who ran a sesame flatbread (shaobing) shop on Fuchengmen Outer Street in the 1950s. Yang Boru was originally from Dachang, Hebei. He started as an apprentice at the halal Delongshun sesame flatbread shop outside Hepingmen in 1943 and finished his training in 1947. He could use steaming, frying, boiling, and griddle-baking to make over 60 types of halal snacks, including sesame flatbreads (shaobing), baked flatbreads (huoshao), ox-tongue cakes (niushebing), spiral rolls (luosizhuan), crispy crackers (ganbenger), and toad-spitting-honey (hamatumi, a red bean paste-filled flatbread). In 1950, he opened Yang's Sesame Flatbread Shop on Fuchengmen Outer Street, right next to the east side of the Tanman Mutton Shop. At that time, the shop placed a long table outside the door. On the table was a rectangular glass display case with a small cloth curtain on the inside, and several small wicker baskets held the finished food for sale.
+
+In 1959, Yang Boru moved to the Sanlihe Halal Canteen to be in charge of flour-based snacks. In 1978, the canteen expanded into the Henan Restaurant Hui Muslim Snack Shop, and in 1986, it became a joint venture called the Guiyang Hotel, where he served as the head chef of the halal restaurant. Besides being skilled at making pea flour cakes (wandouhuang), steamed rice cakes (aiwowo), date rolls (zaojuanguo), toad-spitting-honey (hamatumi), and fruit-topped rice cakes (guoliaohuayangniangao), Yang Boru also created his own halal snacks like red bean soup (xiaodougen), Buddha-hand rolls (foshoujuan), ruyi rolls (ruyijuan), and yam rolls (shanyaojuan). These were very popular and helped make Beijing halal snack platters a staple at high-end banquets.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ycxlyd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ueol2.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4ysx8k.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sl5qxq.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ki3974.png)
+
+The 'Porridge Shop Wei' family from the Fuchengmen Outer Mosque. The Wei family was originally from Dezhou, Shandong. Old Mr. Wei came to Beijing to escape a flood and worked as a clerk at the Jutai Beef and Mutton Shop in Caishikou. Because he was hardworking, Old Mr. Wei inherited the business and eventually built a house next to the Jiaochangkou Mosque outside Fuchengmen. Later, his family bought farmland and expanded their house, becoming a well-known wealthy Hui Muslim household outside Fucheng Gate.
+
+After the Wei family became wealthy, they opened a porridge kitchen next to their home. They gave a bowl of hot porridge to everyone, whether Hui or Han, and provided steamed buns (mantou) and cornmeal buns (wotou) during holidays. In 1945, the Wei family was herding sheep from Zhangbei Bashang to Beijing when they ran into retreating Japanese soldiers. Nearly two hundred sheep were stolen, and they were unable to continue giving out porridge after that.
+
+The Wei family's porridge kitchen compound was among the last old courtyards demolished outside Fucheng Gate. It finally disappeared in the mid-to-late 1990s when Fuwai Street was expanded.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r8h08j.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/313djw.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/haq2wo.png)
+
+Rice shops and yarn shops run by Hui Muslims in Fuwai. In the past, most descriptions of Hui Muslim businesses focused on beef and mutton shops or halal snack shops, while other types of businesses were relatively rare.
+
+Hesheng Rice Shop was on the north side of Fuwai Street. The owner, Li Guanyi, was originally from Xiguanshi in Changping, Beijing. He was a righteous man and a board member of the Yusheng Primary School run by the Xiaochangkou Mosque in Fuwai. He was highly respected in both Xiguanshi and outside Fucheng Gate.
+
+Tianxingheng Yarn Shop was also on the north side of Fuwai Street, and the owner was a Hui Muslim named Zhang. At that time, the yarn shops sold more than just needles and thread; they also carried all kinds of daily necessities, including hair oil, wood shaving water (baohuashui), vanishing cream, soap, scented soap, soap balls (xiangyiziqiu), tooth powder, toothpaste, and towels. Uncle Zhang was kind to everyone. Whether a customer bought something or not, he would walk them to the door and say repeatedly, 'Come back when you have time.'
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bg0zpm.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7y1jdv.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/94ks03.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6kvxyv.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fsis2x.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/denbfs.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/we5w05.png)
+
+The author recalls attending Yusheng Primary School inside the mosque at Changkou, outside Fuchengmen, from 1949 to 1951. This is the only article currently known about this mosque.
+
+The article recalls that Yusheng Primary School was founded just before the liberation of Beijing. It was a junior primary school with only grades one through four, located right in the courtyard of the Fuchengmen Outer mosque.
+
+The Fuchengmen Outer mosque was a traditional courtyard. The west room was the prayer hall, the north room was for Imam Yang, the principal, and the teachers, the south room was a large classroom for over 30 students in grades one and two, and the east room was a small classroom for over 10 students in grades three and four. A cross-shaped path divided the small courtyard into four sections, each with a large pine tree that grew so tall it seemed to block out the sky. The side courtyard only had a restroom and was originally used for growing vegetables. After the school was built, it became a playground, serving as the place for students to do morning exercises, attend physical education classes, and play during breaks. a small corridor on the north side of the main hall connected to the women's prayer hall and the west gate.
+
+The principal of Yusheng Primary School was Mr. Chang Wanchun, a man well-respected among the Hui Muslims outside Fuchengmen. His son, Chang Jianzhong, is a famous young performer at the Beijing Peking Opera Theater. There were two teachers at the start. Mr. Li Shibin was a Hui Muslim from Xiguanshi in Changping, Beijing, and Mr. Li Xinzheng was a Hui Muslim from Zhafu Town in Yiyang, Hunan. Later, another Hui Muslim teacher from Yunnan named Ma Zhongxun joined them. Mr. Li Shibin knew martial arts and taught the students Hui Muslim spring-leg (tan tui) kung fu.
+
+After the National Hui Muslim Academy was founded in 1949, it became the school that Hui Muslim children from all over the country wanted to attend. Mr. Li Shibin focused on training two students, Zhang Shuyuan and Zhang Jinhua. Both were admitted to the academy in 1950, which became a popular success story among the Hui Muslims outside Fuchengmen.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/thz1q4.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rzbwdf.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e0r1nv.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3dr45x.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dsk7za.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rz9h2l.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rzom72.png)
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Ma_Fuxiang_s_Former_Residence.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Ma_Fuxiang_s_Former_Residence.md
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2c63c3d29573e04a4a898af1fdc4809911705bf1
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@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Ma Fuxiang's Former Residence"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2050"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2050"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:48Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui History"
+content_hash: "ba355a292ae3528fe47816507b850cff515f58d397a6a87a5351fc02adc8403b"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Ma Fuxiang's Former Residence
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Ma Fuxiang's Former Residence is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: The former residence of Ma Fuxiang in Beijing is at 11 Xisi North Third Alley (formerly 5 Baozi Alley). The account keeps its focus on Ma Fuxiang, Beijing Muslim History, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+The former residence of Ma Fuxiang in Beijing is at 11 Xisi North Third Alley (formerly 5 Baozi Alley). The house is on the west side, and a garden is on the east. The garden features rockeries, a climbing corridor, an embroidery tower, and an octagonal pavilion. It is a protected cultural site in Beijing.
+
+Ma Fuxiang, also known as Yunting, was born in 1876 in Hanjiaji, west of Hezhou, Gansu. He practiced martial arts with his brothers as a child, joined the army at 19, and passed the military examinations at 21. In 1900, at age 24, Ma Fuxiang fought the Eight-Nation Alliance at Zhengyangmen in Beijing, where five of his cousins were killed in action. In 1912, Ma Fuxiang supported the republic and became the commander of the Ningxia garrison. Ma Fuxiang and his relatives Ma Hongbin and Ma Hongkui ruled Ningxia for the next 37 years, becoming known as the Ningxia Ma family.
+
+In 1924, Feng Yuxiang launched a coup in Beijing and led the National Army into the Northwest. To control Suiyuan, Feng moved Ma Fuxiang, who had governed the area for five years, to the position of Northwest Border Defense Deputy, which was actually just a figurehead role. Wary of Feng Yuxiang's power, Ma Fuxiang left Suiyuan for Beijing, where he bought the house at 5 Baozi Alley and turned it into his private residence.
+
+While living in Beijing, Ma Fuxiang studied Islamic texts. He edited a manuscript of Wang Daiyu's "True Answers to Questions" (Xizhen Zhengda), had it printed by the Beiping Muslim Press, and later wrote a preface and donated money to print the "Essential Guide to Islam" (Qingzhen Zhinan Yaoyan).
+
+In 1928, Bai Chongxi, Ma Fuxiang, and local leaders from Niujie worked together to start the first middle school for Hui Muslims in Niujie. It was named Beiping Muslim Middle School and later renamed Northwest Public School. Bai Chongxi served as chairman and Ma Fuxiang as vice chairman. In 1929, Ma Fuxiang donated 6,000 yuan to expand the school.
+
+In 1928, Chengda Normal School in Jinan faced financial trouble. When Ma Fuxiang heard this, he insisted on moving the school to Beiping. He donated dozens of rooms he had bought behind the Dongsi Mosque, which he originally intended for a Muslim university, to serve as the new school building. In 1929, Chengda Normal School officially moved to the Dongsi Mosque in Beiping. Ma Fuxiang became the chairman of the board. He donated 500 yuan for startup costs and invested 40,000 yuan into the Yongbaozhai jade factory, owned by Hui Muslim businessman Chang Zichun, using the dividends to keep the school running. As the most famous Islamic teacher training school during the Republic of China era, Chengda Normal School trained many Islamic scholars.
+
+After Chengda Normal School moved to Beiping, Ma Fuxiang invited the school's leaders to his residence on Baozi Hutong to discuss starting an Islamic publication called Yuehua. In November 1929, Yuehua was officially published and became the most influential Islamic magazine of the Republic of China era. From the time the magazine started until he passed away in 1932, Ma Fuxiang donated over 100 yuan every month to both Yuehua and Chengda Normal School. If he ever missed a donation because he was busy with government work, he always made sure to pay it the following month.
+
+In 1930, Ma Fuxiang was appointed chairman of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission and moved to Nanjing. In 1932, Chengda Normal School decided to send four graduates to Al-Azhar University in Egypt for further study. When Ma Fuxiang heard this, he immediately decided to go to Beiping to discuss the candidates and offered to cover half of the expenses. Sadly, Ma Fuxiang soon fell ill. While his son Ma Hongkui was escorting him to Peking Union Medical College Hospital for treatment, he passed away on the train near Liulihe, south of Beijing, at the age of 57. At the end of 1932, Imam Ma Songting led the Chengda Normal School graduates to Cairo. Following his father's final wishes, Ma Hongkui provided half of the travel expenses.
+
+After 1949, the Ma family mansion on Baozi Hutong was used by the Education Bureau. When policies changed, it was returned to the Ma family descendants, who donated it for public use. It later became the Xisi North Kindergarten, which it remains today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rdo9x4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/evnvcv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ktqxr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x78wjt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lkg3ac.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k4ljcq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jv08iy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wuk9z0.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/abeocl.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c6b1fa42dd08b6d81eec50f334afa56645b0b37
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+++ b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City.md
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2092"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2092"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:36Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "5ce5977de94e18ac595c38ddf6292b5e84c124939b12260d780077afb25eb55c"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: East City:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Northern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+East City:
+
+**1. Donglaishun at Dong'an Market (including the Tianyishun halal sauce shop (Tianyi Shun Qingzhen Jiangyuan))**
+
+**2. Xideshun Tripe King (Baodu Wang) at Dong'an Market**
+
+**3. Jinshenglong Tripe Feng (Baodu Feng) at Dong'an Market**
+
+**4. Tofu Pudding Ma (Doufunao Ma) at Dong'an Market**
+
+**5. Meat Pie Zhang (Roubing Zhang) at Dong'an Market**
+
+**6. Baikui at Longfu Mosque**
+
+**7. Baodu Man at Dongsi Pailou**
+
+**8. The mutton shop at the corner of West Kushuijing and Xinxian Hutong inside Chaoyangmen.**
+
+**9. The sesame flatbread shop (shaobing) on West Kushuijing Hutong inside Chaoyangmen.**
+
+**10. Deshun Restaurant inside Chaoyangmen.**
+
+**11. Deshengzhai on Jingshan East Street.**
+
+**12. Yueshengzhai on Hubu Lane inside Qianmen.**
+
+**13. Fusheng Canteen in Dongdan.**
+
+**14. Zengqingzhai on Yiliu Hutong outside Di'anmen.**
+
+Xicheng District:
+
+**1. Ruizhenhou inside Zhongshan Park**
+
+**2. Kaorouwan inside Xuanwumen**
+
+**3. Hui Muslim beef and mutton shop inside Xuanwumen**
+
+**4. Youyishun Restaurant at the Xidan intersection inside Xuanwumen**
+
+**5. Dong Siba's spiced lamb head (jiangyangtou) inside Deshengmen**
+
+**6. Xue Siba's steamed lamb (zhengyangrou) outside Deshengmen**
+
+**7. Yang's lamb stall (yangrouchuangzi) on Guanxiang Street at Deshengmen**
+
+**8. The sheep market (yanghang) in Madian outside Deshengmen**
+
+**9. Hui Muslim snack shops inside Xizhimen.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0h05n5.jpg)
+
+**Dongcheng District.**
+
+**1. Donglaishun at Dong'an Market.**
+
+**Donglaishun as described by Zhang Zhongxing.**
+
+In the early 1930s, I lived in the dormitory of the Third Campus of Peking University, located at Beiheyan outside Donghuamen. I would walk south from the school gate, turn east, and cross Dong'anmen Street to reach Dong'an Market. Donglaishun was on the east side inside the north gate of the market. It had two entrances facing north. The western entrance was the main shop, which had three floors. The eastern entrance was the budget section, which did not connect to the upper floors. There are many restaurants in the market, ranging from high-end ones like Senlong Restaurant and Wufangzhai to small shops like Junshan Restaurant and various food stalls. There must be about twenty of them. As poor students, we liked going to Donglaishun because it had two advantages: the food was good and cheap, and it suited both big and small budgets. Plus, the staff were especially friendly to diners.
+
+Let's talk about their friendliness first. Right inside the door, there was always someone sitting in a long gown. People said he was the second manager. When he saw someone walking toward the door, he would immediately stand up, smile, bow slightly, and say, 'You're here! Please, come in!' Then he would turn inside and shout, 'How many people? Make some room!' You could choose to stay on the ground floor or go up to the second or third floor as you liked. The waiter would help you get seated, smiling broadly, and ask what you wanted to eat. Back then, it wasn't common to look at a menu; you had to call out the names of the dishes. When choosing dishes, the waiter would often offer his opinion on how to pair them for a better meal. Sometimes they even suggest you don't need to order too much, or if it's not enough, they help you add more quickly. Everything is friendly. After eating, you settle the bill, pay, and exchange polite words: "Are you taking this with you?" You usually leave a small tip, like two jiao, and the waiter shouts out: "A tip of two mao." The cashier and the kitchen staff call back in a long, drawn-out tone: "Thank you—." When you leave your seat and walk out, the two managers at the door stand up from afar. As you get close, they smile, bow slightly, and say: "See you this evening." (for lunch) or "See you tomorrow." (for dinner)
+
+Plus, the food is high quality and inexpensive. Donglaishun started out by selling meat pies (xianbing) and porridge from a pushcart. Their years of experience taught them that the surest way to make money is to offer high-quality goods at low prices and win through high sales volume. They have always stuck to this tradition. Take their famous hot pot lamb (shuan yangrou) as an example. People say the sheep are bought from outside the Great Wall and kept at their own farm, where they are fed grain for a month before slaughter. This makes the meat fatty and tender, unlike sheep that only eat grass. The seasonings are also homemade, produced at the Tianyishun Sauce Shop located across from the north gate of the market. Because the ingredients are good and the preparation is meticulous, everything tastes great, whether it is a high-end dish or a simple one. Their hot pot lamb is the best in the city, no question. Other dishes like braised beef (wei niurou), stir-fried lamb (bao yangrou), honey-glazed fritters (tasimi), crispy horns (sujiao), spiced beef tendon (jiang jianzi), as well as everyday foods like beef pies (niurou bing), lamb dumplings (yangrou jiaozi), soybean paste noodles (zhajiangmian), and millet and bean porridge (xiaomi douzhou) all have their own unique flavors and keep customers satisfied. The prices are all fair. Some lower-priced items might not make much money, like the lamb dumplings (yangrou jiaozi). The quality is great, and ten of them cost only four cents. You probably couldn't even make them that cheaply at home.
+
+For us poor students, the fact that prices can be high or low is a huge advantage. If you have guests, you can go up to the second or third floor, or even sit in a private booth or a small room. You can order a few dishes and some wine. Everyone leaves full and happy, and it only costs two or three yuan. If you are alone and only have twenty cents in your pocket, you can still walk in, eat twenty dumplings and drink a bowl of millet and bean porridge (xiaomi douzhou) for a total of nine cents. You can confidently pay with a ten-cent coin, hear a "Thank you!" Then you walk out, go to the Dangui Market, pick out a used book for ten cents, and happily head back to school.
+
+Looking back at the time I lived at Beiheyan, I went to Donglaishun so many times. Most of the time I didn't go upstairs. I just ate ten cents' worth of lamb dumplings and millet and bean porridge. Usually, I still had enough money left to browse the Dangui Market and look for old books. When I did go upstairs, I was always with one or two classmates or friends, so we could try things like crispy horns (sujiao) and honey-drizzled pastries (tasimi). In autumn and winter, when I am by myself, I often like to go to the working-class section near the east door. They say the owner first got rich through hard manual labor, so even after becoming wealthy, he wanted to keep his roots to show he had not forgotten his humble beginnings, or as they put it, he had not forgotten his poor brothers. There is no one to greet you at this east door, probably because the working-class regulars have never been ones for formalities. Once inside, you see a row of long tables running north to south with benches on both sides. No one offers you a seat, so you just find one yourself. After you sit down, a server asks what you want to eat, whether it is flatbread (bing) or noodles (mian), and how much you want by weight, because the regulars need to know exactly how much they are getting. If you order fancy dishes, they will bring those out just the same. The interesting thing is that the customers and the staff are all very blunt with each other; when people are drinking and lively, they might glare or slam the table, sometimes even shouting, which makes you think of Jing Ke and Gao Jianli in the markets of Yan.
+
+**Fuxuan Suohua by Zhang Zhongxing**
+
+**The big tent at Donglaishun**
+
+People who ate at Donglaishun were all wealthy. But the big tent downstairs at Donglaishun served poor, everyday people. They took the leftover scraps from the hot pot meat, stewed them into a savory sauce, and poured it over noodles. You could buy a big bowl for very little money, which satisfied both your cravings and your hunger.
+
+**My Last Century by Guan Geng**
+
+**The storefront of Donglaishun**
+
+In the early years, around noon every day, bicycles, pedicabs, rickshaws, flatbed carts, motorcycles, and cars would all head toward the west entrance of Jinyu Hutong. They packed the road from the west entrance of the hutong to the Jixiang Theater so tightly you could barely move.
+
+These people were all men, mostly Beijing locals between twenty and forty years old, who headed straight into the shop as soon as they got off the bus. Back then, Donglaishun had a cafeteria-style shop selling dumplings, meat pies (xianbing), and big bowls of lamb bone broth (yangtang) noodles with gravy, all made from the leftover scraps of the hot pot lamb, since the costs were already covered by the hot pot. But they knew how to run a business, selling the scraps again as meat pies and dumplings that were oily, stuffed full, and cheap. The diners came for exactly this: it satisfied their cravings and kept them full for a long time.
+
+**Past Beijing by Zhang Zheng, Donglaishun's Hot Pot Lamb.**
+
+Han Ziqi sat in a private booth upstairs at the Donglaishun restaurant at the north entrance of the Dongan Market on Wangfujing Street, with no heart to enjoy the snowy view outside, his eyes just staring blankly at the boiling water in the copper hot pot as if studying the tiny waves. After staring for a while, he lazily lifted his chopsticks, picked up a thin slice of lamb, swished it in the boiling water once, twice, three times, pulled it out at the perfect moment, dipped it into the bowl of sauce in front of him, and then put it in his mouth to chew slowly. He was actually very hungry, but he still kept up his habit of many years, never wolfing down his food or making rude smacking sounds. Eating is not just about filling your stomach; it is a pleasure, and you should not waste good food. Even in these times when food is scarce and prices are sky-high, he did not order cabbage or glass noodles, which are only good for filling space. He only asked for two plates of sliced meat and a small dish of pickled garlic (tangsuan). He ate a slice of meat, then took a bite of the garlic, slowly savoring the taste that was sweet within the spice and spicy within the sweet. He did not order alcohol. Alcohol is forbidden for Muslims, and he strictly followed this rule. Like many Hui Muslims, he did not smoke either. Even when he was deeply troubled, he never puffed on cigarettes or used alcohol to drown his sorrows. Aside from the jade and treasures he poured his heart into, his lifelong passion was the delicious food at halal restaurants. He was a regular at the Donglaishun restaurant. He knew everything about the place almost as well as he knew the Qizhenzhai shop he dedicated his life to, or the special arts and crafts import and export company where he worked later.
+
+He chewed on the fresh, tasty slices of meat. Where is the most tender hot pot lamb? It has to be Donglaishun. The lamb here is incomparable to anywhere else because of its unique standards. They only use castrated sheep from West Ujimqin Banner in Inner Mongolia. After a period of careful pen-feeding, the sheep are slaughtered. They only take the cuts known as modang'er, shangnao'er, huanggua tiao'er, and the large and small sancha'er. From a sheep weighing forty to fifty jin, only thirteen jin of meat is suitable for use. After being frozen, the meat is sliced with incredible skill into pieces as thin and even as paper. When placed on a plate, the patterns on the plate are clearly visible through the meat. One jin of lamb at Donglaishun is sliced into more than eighty pieces. The seasonings used to enhance the flavor are very particular. They include sesame paste (zhima jiang), Shaoxing yellow wine (Shaoxing huangjiu), fermented bean curd (jiang doufu), pickled chive flowers (jiucai hua), chili oil, shrimp oil, chopped green onions, minced cilantro, and Donglaishun's special drizzling soy sauce (pulin jiangyou). The soup base in the pot is flavored with dried shrimp and dried mushrooms (koumo). This hot pot has a unique charm that is clear, fragrant, fresh, and delicious. It is intoxicating to eat, much like how the famous jade expert Han Ziqi would carefully examine a rare treasure. But at this moment, neither the art of looking nor the art of eating occupied his mind. His heart was like the boiling water, and he could not say what he was thinking. From Donglaishun to Qizhenzhai, he chewed on the history of others and his own. Donglaishun's first owner, Ding Deshan, whose courtesy name was Ziqing, was from Cang County, Hebei. He later moved to Erlizhuang outside Dongzhimen. Back in the day, he was not much wealthier than the penniless wanderer Xiao Qizi. He pushed a handcart of yellow soil into Beijing and sold it at a low price to flower growers to make a difficult living. Around 1903, he saw the potential of the busy Dong'an Market and borrowed money to set up a stall. He started by selling flour-based cakes, flatbreads (tiebingzi), and rice porridge, eventually growing into the Donglaishun Porridge Stall. After over a decade of hard work, he added stir-fried, roasted, and hot pot meats. The hot pot became the most famous, and after several expansions, the business became the leader in its field.
+
+**The Muslim Funeral by Huo Da**
+
+**Condiments for Donglaishun hot pot lamb**
+
+For the soy sauce used in the hot pot lamb, they use a special dripped soy sauce (pulin jiangyou). Every summer when the soybean paste is sun-dried, they spread it on tin sheets and collect the oil that drips out. They then refine it with the right amount of licorice, cinnamon, and rock sugar. This is one of the main reasons Donglaishun hot pot lamb keeps its unique flavor. Also, when pickling chive flowers, they add a certain amount of sour pears to make the taste more sweet and tangy. The garlic used for pickled sugar garlic must be large six-clove garlic bulbs harvested two or three days before the Summer Solstice. It takes three months to prepare for sale, involving peeling, soaking in brine, packing and turning the jars, and releasing gas.
+
+Famous Old Beijing Brands: Donglaishun Restaurant, known for its hot pot lamb. Ma Xiangyu
+
+**Tianyi Shun Halal Sauce Shop.**
+
+(Wang Dongsi: Tianyi Shun Sauce Shop and Donglai Shun were sister stores owned by the same proprietor.)
+
+The west counter at Tianyi Shun sells groceries and seasonings, focusing on Beijing-style sweet pickled vegetables (jiang xiaocai). To make it easy for customers to browse and buy, the display counter for these pickles is placed in the center of the shop. The various pickles are displayed in blue-patterned porcelain jars, which look nice and make it easy for customers to choose. They also provide oil baskets (youlou) in different sizes so customers from out of town can carry them easily.
+
+Tianyi Shun has always been careful about selecting ingredients and crafting products with precision. For example, the soybeans used for making sauce must be large, yellow, and high in oil content, sourced from Majuqiao and Panggezhuang. The production method is: soak 100 jin of soybeans until they expand, then steam them. Add 50 jin of white flour, crush and press the mixture, cut it into rectangular blocks, and stack them on indoor racks to ferment. After fermentation, brush off the fuzz and put them into jars. For every 100 jin of beans, add 50 jin of salt and 200 jin of water. This ratio is called 'one part yellow, two parts water, and half a part salt'. After the mixture breaks down, it is passed through a sieve. It is turned four times a day with a sauce rake (jiangpa) and must be sun-dried for a long time, from February to August, before it is finished. This sauce is called dog days sauce (fujiang), also known as natural sauce. When you use it to make fried sauce, it saves oil and does not stick to the bottom of the pot. It makes beef and lamb look bright and taste delicious, which is why over 70 percent of sauce-meat shops in Beijing choose it.
+
+To make sweet flour sauce (tianmianjiang), steam buns (mantou) using white flour, but do not add baking soda. After fermenting, crush them and put them into a vat. Add 80 jin of water for every 100 jin of flour, adding the water gradually rather than all at once, until it reaches the consistency of thin porridge. Use a sauce rake to stir it four times a day until it turns purple-red by the start of autumn (liqiu). It tastes sweet and is the raw material for making sweet sauce pickles, and it is also an essential condiment for eating roast duck.
+
+For small-mill sesame oil (xiaomo xiangyou), you must buy high-quality sesame grown in the dog days from places like Zhangjiawan in Tongzhou, Panggezhuang in Daxing, and Gu'an County. When making it, strictly control the heat and time to get a high oil yield and excellent color, aroma, and taste.
+
+To ensure the quality of the pickles, we buy produce directly from farmers. We require specific quality standards and strict adherence to delivery seasons and times. For example, when making sweet garlic with osmanthus (guihua tangsuan), the garlic must be the purple-skinned, six-clove variety. Each bulb must be the size of a 'tiger's mouth' (the space between the thumb and index finger). It must come from places like Gaozhuang, Huangzhuang, or Landianchang in the Haidian District. The garlic must be harvested three days before the start of summer. To keep the garlic from drying out and the cloves from getting tough, we water the field one day before harvest. We pull the garlic from the ground at night while the soil is still damp. We deliver it to the Tianyishun processing plant at daybreak to ensure the best quality. Once the garlic arrives at the plant, workers immediately peel off two to three layers of skin. We put the garlic into vats right away. For every 100 jin of garlic, we use one jin of salt, diluted in water, and pour it into the vat until the water covers the garlic. After three days, we take the garlic out and put it into empty vats, with 300 jin per vat. We soak it in fresh cold water for another three days, changing the water once a day to remove the sharp, spicy taste. After three days, we take the garlic out and squeeze each bulb by hand to remove excess water. We put it into jars, preferably yellow wine jars. For every 100 jin of garlic, we add 40 jin of white sugar and five liang of salt, diluted in cold water, and pour it into the jar. Finally, we seal the jar tightly with oil paper and white cloth, then lay the jar on its side at about a 45-degree angle. Roll the garlic jar once every day and let the air out every three days, preferably at night. It will be ready to eat after one month.
+
+We buy lettuce (wosun) during the summer solstice, specifically the green lettuce from Xiju Village in Fengtai District. This lettuce is green, crisp, and sweet, making the sweet sauce lettuce taste delicious.
+
+We only buy cucumbers from Wuluju outside Andingmen around the time of the Limit of Heat (chushu), because the quality is best during this period. The loofah (sigua) must be emerald green, about six or seven inches long, and uniform in size. Do not pick the ones with big bellies. This variety makes for a crispy and sweet pickled cucumber when processed with sweet sauce.
+
+During the White Dew (bailu) period, we buy iron-stem bell peppers (tieba shizijiao) from Shawo Village in the western suburbs. Once they reach the factory, we trim the stems, poke holes in them with bamboo skewers, and put them in cloth bags inside the sauce vat. Turn them three times a day, and they are ready to eat in ten days. These pickled iron-stem bell peppers are large and thick-fleshed. They are sweet, not spicy, and are a favorite pickle for Beijing households.
+
+Sweet sauce radish is made using white radishes grown on the ground. The best ones are the "Er Yingzi" radishes (about five to six inches long and uniform in size) grown in Wangjiayuan in the eastern suburbs. White radishes from Shicun, Macun, and Puhuangyu in the southern suburbs are also very good. You must buy these radishes after the Autumn Equinox, not at any other time. To prepare them, sort out the large and small ones and pick only the medium-sized ones. Carefully remove the fibrous roots, wash them clean, and use five jin of salt per hundred jin of radishes to brine them, turning the vat four times over two days. After taking them out, use fifty jin of yellow soybean paste (huangjiang) for every hundred jin of radishes, turning them twice a day. After seven days, switch to seventy-five jin of sweet flour paste (tianmianjiang) and one jin of caramel coloring (tangse), continuing to turn them twice a day for about seven or eight days until finished.
+
+For five-spice soy-sauce peanuts, the ingredients are peanuts grown in various counties in Hebei Province. The peanuts must be shelled by hand so the kernels stay large and uniform, without broken pieces or insect holes. To make it, soak the ingredients in boiling water first, then peel off the red skin by hand. For every 100 jin, use 60 jin of high-quality soy sauce and half a jin of five-spice seasoning (Sichuan peppercorn, star anise, fennel, cinnamon, licorice, and cloves). Add water and boil until 60 percent cooked for a crisp and delicious texture.
+
+For sweet sauce walnut kernels (tianjiang taoren), the main ingredient is white walnut kernels from Shanxi, commonly known as lion's head (shizitou). To prepare, put the walnut kernels in a ceramic basin and soak them in boiling water twice for about 15 minutes. Use a bamboo skewer to peel off the thin skin, then put the kernels into a cloth bag and place them in a large jar. For every 100 jin of kernels, use 150 jin of sweet flour paste (tianmianjiang). Use a sauce rake to turn them twice every day, and they will be ready to take out of the jar after 20 days. After taking them out of the jar, add two liang of white sugar to every jin of walnut kernels, mix well, and they are ready for sale.
+
+Famous Old Shops of Beijing: Tianyishun Halal Sauce Shop. Liu Yingjie (Wang Dongsi: The author was a long-time employee of Tianyishun from 1933 until retiring in 1974).
+
+**2. Xideshun Tripe King (Baodu Wang) at Dong'an Market**
+
+Beijing's quick-boiled tripe (baodu) is a halal snack. The stalls selling it are run by Hui Muslims. Each stall has a copper plaque with Arabic script and the four Chinese characters for 'Halal Hui Muslim' (Qingzhen Huihui). The tables and chairs in front are spotless, and even the small jars for seasonings are polished until they shine, which makes you feel comfortable. When you eat quick-boiled tripe, the seasoning is mixed on the spot, and the lamb tripe is sliced and boiled right when you order it. The Quick-Boiled Tripe King (Baodu Wang) in the open space in front of Runming Building at Beijing's Dong'an Market is very famous. The quality of quick-boiled tripe depends entirely on how it is dipped in boiling water. If you boil it too long, it gets tough and chewy. If you don't boil it long enough, it is also too tough to chew. The method is to use plenty of boiling water and only dip it briefly. It is all about getting the timing just right.
+
+**Cuisine of East Beijing by Wu Zhengge**
+
+**Quick-Boiled Tripe King's own account**
+
+My father's name was Wang Fukui, and he was from Linqing, Shandong. My name is Wang Jinliang, and I was born in Beijing. My father came to Beijing when he was young to work as an apprentice at a mutton shop. Because he knew how to clean tripe, he later switched to making quick-boiled tripe (baodu). My father set up his stall at the same time as Ding Ziqing, the founder of Donglaishun. We all lived on Lumicang Hutong, including Ding Ziqing and his son Ding Futing. Ding Ziqing started his business selling yellow soil. He would pull a broken cart at the Chaoyangmen city gate and shout to sell coal soil, which was mixed into coal dust to make coal balls. Ding Ziqing started with a porridge stall and grew his business bigger and bigger. Later, he opened Donglaishun, Tianyishun, and Yongchangshun, and eventually his son Ding Futing opened Youyishun.
+
+My father was hardworking, clean, and had a good temper when doing business. Customers would say, 'This old man is truly kind.' However, he was conservative in his thinking and had no desire to expand the business. By the time I can remember, my father had already earned enough money from his stall to buy a house. My father ran a stall at the Dongan Market. When I was a child, I helped him pick up tripe. We mostly went to a lamb shop on the north side of the road, opposite the sugar market outside Chaoyangmen. Chaonei Small Street was also full of lamb shops. We picked up goods from two shops. We didn't have to pay for the tripe right away; we settled the bill every nine days, which we called a nine-day cycle. I handled the pickup, and my father handled the payments.
+
+Beef tripe (niu baiye) became popular starting with my father. Originally, those selling quick-boiled tripe (baodu) didn't have beef tripe; it was all lamb. But beef tripe is easier to chew, so anyone can eat it.
+
+My father sold only the best cuts of tripe at Dongan Market, such as lamb tripe collar (yang du ling), lamb tripe leaves (yang sandan), tripe slab (duban), lamb tripe center (yang du ren), mushroom tip (mogujian), and esophagus (shixin). Besides his stall at Dongan Market, he also carried a shoulder pole to sell quick-boiled tripe at the sugar market outside the North Water Gate of Chaoyangmen. He would sell there until nine or ten in the morning, offering scraps and trimmings like tripe gourd (du hulu) and large grass sprouts (da caoya). His customers were poor people. He didn't separate the parts; he just grabbed a bowlful to sell, charging a few coins per bowl, and would come back with a few strings of cash. The money earned from that one trip was enough to feed our whole family for over ten days, so we could save all the money he made at Dongan Market.
+
+By the time of the Japanese occupation, my father had saved enough to buy two houses by running his stall and living frugally. But he never wanted to open a shop. He said opening a shop meant hiring people and having high expenses, while carrying a shoulder pole meant he would never go hungry or thirsty.
+
+**From Cuixianzhai to Xideshun.**
+
+I am the third child in my family. Did you find out my nickname? That's right, it's Wang San'er. I have older sisters above me and younger sisters below me, seven girls in total. When we were little, my older sisters also helped out with the chores. When I was a child, I was beaten every single day and sent to apprentice at a lamb shop in Zongbu Hutong, near the south entrance of Chaonei Nanxiaojie, where I sold steamed fried dough (zheng'erzha) and steamed buns (baozi). The way Han Chinese sell steamed buns is different from how Hui Muslims call out their wares, and Hou Baolin got it quite right in his crosstalk performance. Hui Muslims call out their steamed buns like this: Hot lamb-filled buns here...
+
+I was not born with the ambition to run a big business. One thing had a big impact on me. When I was around 20, Ding Ziqing, the manager of Donglaishun, held a wedding for his son Ding Futing at an inn outside Dongzhimen, and I went there with my father to give a gift, thinking about how he had once done business with my father, yet look at how successful his business became. The courtyard was huge. Under the eaves, there were gongs and drums everywhere, making a very lively noise, and celebratory banners hung all over the yard. We were poor, and the host kept fawning over the wealthy guests while ignoring us. From that moment on, I made up my mind that a person has to run a big business; running a small street stall just doesn't get you any respect.
+
+When I was 20, an old man named Zhang who worked in the machine room at Peking Union Medical College Hospital used to come to my father's stall to eat tripe (baodu). He helped me get a job in the hospital's machine room, where I worked for two years. At first, I earned 12 yuan a month, and later it went up to 15 yuan. But a real man shouldn't just earn a fixed, limited wage. I left the hospital at 22 and went back to helping my father sell tripe. Look at that photo of me on a bicycle; it was taken when I was 22. After I quit the hospital, I sold that nice bike. If I had kept using it to pick up tripe, it would have been dripping water everywhere, and that would have been a shame for such a good bike. This photo was taken before I sold the bike.
+
+I took over my father's business during the Japanese occupation. I was twenty-seven or twenty-eight then. I rented a space that used to be a barbershop. At first, I only wanted to sell tripe and named the shop 'Cuixianzhai' (Crispy and Fresh Studio), because tripe has to be both crispy and fresh. But later, I wanted to sell everything, so I turned it into a full restaurant. Once I made that change, I couldn't handle it anymore, and it closed down in less than a year. I rented the house to others to run a restaurant, but they lost money and closed down after two or three years. I took the house back and focused exclusively on tripe (baodu) for the second time, and that is when business finally picked up.
+
+I ran the business from the time I was 30 until I was 40. Those ten years or so were the most successful period of my life. I started the Xideshun brand when I was 30. It was hard to register a new name during the Japanese puppet regime, so I bought the name from a sesame flatbread (shaobing) shop.
+
+**Famous people gathered at Xideshun.**
+
+Xideshun had four rooms in total. Two rooms faced the street, with one displaying the shop sign. There was a kitchen in the back, and three rooms were for guests. The room with the sign had three small square tables (sixian zhuo). The three rooms inside, including the kitchen, were separated from the outer room. Each inner room had four small square tables, making 11 tables in total, which could seat 44 people when full.
+
+**3. Jinshenglong Baodu Feng at Dong'an Market.**
+
+Not long after Dong'an Market opened, two Hui Muslims, one surnamed Wang and one surnamed Feng, set up tripe (baodu) stalls one after another. Although the two families were cousins and their skills were similar, the competition between them was fierce as each worked hard to create their own specialties and attract customers. Later, the tripe master Baodu Wang became famous first, and by the 1940s, he had grown his business into the Xideshun Lamb Restaurant, which occupied two storefronts. Baodu Feng, however, kept running a street stall until after the liberation, when he finally built a shed and hung up the Jinshenglong sign, continuing to specialize in tripe.
+
+Selling tripe is hard work. Jinshenglong founder Feng Tianjie had his whole family, including his wife and children, working together. They bought the beef and lamb tripe from the slaughterhouses and lamb shops located between Chaoyang Gate and Dongbian Gate. The supply was not steady, and since every vendor competed to buy it, they often had to run around everywhere, begging others for stock and still coming up empty-handed. When they managed to buy tripe, they would get 40 to 50 pounds at most or 20 to 30 pounds at least, and with no transport, they had to carry it home in bamboo baskets on their arms, walking for miles. Cleaning the tripe was even tougher work. The Feng family lived in the slums of Nanheyan outside Chaoyangmen. There was a bitter water well nearby. For over thirty years, Feng Tianjie's wife went to the well almost every day with a bucket and a clay basin to wash tripe. She washed each piece of tripe seven times, turning it inside out three times and right side out four times, cleaning every leaf of the honeycomb tripe (baiye) thoroughly. In winter, the water was freezing cold, and her hands would turn red and swollen. Sometimes her shoes even froze to the well platform. After cleaning the tripe, she carried a basket and walked five or six miles to sell it at the Dong'an Market.
+
+Quick-boiled tripe (baodu) must be fresh, the fresher the better. It was usually sold out the same day, within twenty-four hours. When the weather was warm, she had to keep the cleaned tripe on ice to stay fresh. In cold weather, she had to keep it from freezing. Because it was hard to store, the price changed. When supplies were low, she sold it sparingly, but when there was a lot or the weather was bad and customers were few, she had to sell it off cheaply. Every year after spring begins, there is less cattle and sheep slaughtering, so the season for quick-boiled tripe (baodu) slows down. In midsummer, lamb shops clear their counters and lamb stalls put away their carts. Sellers of quick-boiled tripe (baodu) have to close their pots and temporarily sell items like mung bean jelly (liangfen) and rice cakes (paigao) to get through the slow season.
+
+**Market Records: A History of Beijing Dong'an Market by Dong Shanyuan.**
+
+**4. Tofu Pudding Ma (Doufunao Ma) at Dong'an Market**
+
+Tofu Pudding Ma (Doufunao Ma) is a family-run business. Ma Kuan originally carried his goods on a shoulder pole to sell them around the Xiagongfu area, running what was known as an eight-rope business. He entered the market after the 1940s and paid a high price to rent a prime spot of land. He opened Yuelaixuan, and because his tofu pudding (doufunao) was carefully made and delicious, he quickly earned a good reputation.
+
+The Ma family's tofu pudding (doufunao) is made by grinding soy milk with a hand-cranked stone mill, filtering it through fine bean-cloth, and pressing the liquid out with a wooden bucket. He thought tofu made with brine had a strange smell, so he started burning gypsum himself to set the tofu. You must use low heat to burn the gypsum, and you have to get the timing just right. Every step, from soaking the soybeans to setting the tofu curd (doufunao), has strict requirements. The family stays very busy selling products made from about thirty to forty jin of soybeans every day.
+
+Tofu curd must be topped with a good savory sauce (lu) to taste right. Yuelaixuan has always used lamb slices and button mushrooms (koumo) thickened with high-quality seasonings for their sauce, and every bowl served must contain both lamb and mushrooms, plus soy sauce, chili, or minced garlic for a fresh and delicious flavor. Served with hot sesame flatbread (shaobing) baked fresh to order, it makes for a tasty and affordable everyday meal.
+
+**Market Records: A History of Beijing Dong'an Market by Dong Shanyuan.**
+
+**5. Meat Pie Zhang (Roubing Zhang) at Dong'an Market**
+
+The Zhang family used to sell fried tofu and fried meatballs. These were affordable, but they didn't stand out, so the family stopped the business for a while and started pulling rickshaws instead. They later reopened and focused on selling meat pies (roubing) filled with green onion and lamb. They chose high-quality ingredients and had great skills. Each pie weighed over a pound and was perfectly even in thickness. They cut and sold the pies fresh based on how much the customer wanted. The pies were cheap, delicious, and earned a great reputation. Although the shop was named Longdezhai, people usually just called it Meat Pie Zhang (Roubing Zhang).
+
+**Market Records: A History of Beijing Dong'an Market by Dong Shanyuan.**
+
+**6. Baikui at Longfu Mosque**
+
+**Lamb head meat (yangtou rou) from the old Bai Kui shop.**
+
+The old Bai Kui shop was right across from the Changong Cinema on Longfu Mosque Street. I was young back then, so I only ever bought their lamb head meat. Cooked sheep heads are piled up above a bubbling pot that is three feet wide, or more accurately, they are stacked on an iron grate sitting on top of the pot. When someone buys one, the elderly man selling the sheep heads quickly uses a small iron hook to grab one and place it on the scale, then asks after weighing it, "Do you want it deboned?" If you say yes, in the blink of an eye, the entire sheep face is spread out flat on the large wooden table like a sheet of paper. I have watched the old man's hands closely more than once, but I still cannot figure out how he peels the meat off the sheep head in one whole piece. If a customer wants it sliced thin, the old man will do that too, then sprinkle on some seasoned salt (jiaoyan), add a small sprig of cilantro, and wrap it all up in yellow straw paper. I still cannot forget the unique, clean fragrance of the sheep head from Baikui.
+
+**From "Past Events in Beijing" by Zhang Zheng, "Baikui's Roasted Lamb".**
+
+When people mention roasted lamb, everyone thinks of Baikui on Longfusi Street in Dongsi. Bai Kui's braised lamb (shao yangrou) is famous because there is a noodle shop right across the street. You can borrow a bowl from the noodle shop, buy some lamb shank (yang jianzi) or a pair of lamb trotters (yang ti'er) at Bai Kui, and ask for extra braised lamb broth. Take it back to the noodle shop to fill a bowl with noodles, cook them in the lamb broth, and it tastes better than any stir-fried noodle dish.
+
+**From "Cuisine of Eastern Beijing" by Wu Zhengge: Bai Kui's Five-Spice Braised Lamb (wuxiang shao yangrou).**
+
+It is a tradition to give away free broth when selling braised lamb. The broth is fresh and delicious, which customers really love. Braised lamb is best eaten with a hanging-oven flatbread (gualu shaobing). The favorite way to eat it is to add the lamb and broth to noodles with some shredded cucumber. Beijingers have a saying: "Braised lamb mixed with noodles is delicious in every bite."
+
+When my father ran the business, he added stir-fried (pao), roasted, and hot pot lamb. For the stir-fried lamb, we set up a large griddle at the entrance. Customers would buy half a jin or four liang of lamb slices, stand around the griddle with one foot on a stool, and eat it as it was cooked. It was a very fun experience. Eating braised lamb or stir-fried lamb with a flatbread, followed by a bowl of lotus leaf porridge or millet porridge, is both a treat and very affordable. Bai Kui was one of the first restaurants in Beijing to serve hot pot lamb (shuan yangrou), and they hired master chefs to slice the meat. You must use pine and cypress wood to roast the meat. The roasted meat takes on the scent of the wood, which is a unique and special pleasure.
+
+Selected Historical Materials of Dongcheng District, Beijing, Volume 1: Bai Kui's spiced roast lamb (wuxiang shaoyangrou). Hei Deliang (Wang Dongsi: The author was the manager of Bai Kui from 1942 to 1957).
+
+**Bai Kui's roast lamb (shaoyangrou).**
+
+Beijing roast lamb is rich, tender, and crispy. This cooking method is unique to Beijing and I have not seen it anywhere else. It is not suitable for home cooking. Only lamb restaurants and lamb stalls (yangrou chuangzi) specialize in this dish. A lamb stall (yangrou chuangzi) is a specific name for a lamb shop. In the past, most lamb shops in Beijing were run by Hui Muslims. They would slaughter sheep at the morning market, and the cutting board looked like a wooden bed, which is why they were called lamb stalls (yangrou chuangzi). These lamb stalls (yangrou chuangzi) are a daily necessity for residents, and you can find them on almost every street. Except for the very smallest shops, almost every place makes roasted lamb (shao yangrou) in the summer, though the quality varies quite a bit. The earliest famous shop for roasted lamb is Bai Kui in the East City, which everyone in old Beijing knows.
+
+Bai Kui was a person's name, and he was a Hui Muslim. He opened the Dongchangshun Halal Restaurant on Longfu Mosque Street near Dongsi Pailou during the Qianlong era of the Qing Dynasty, so it has a history of over two hundred years. The shop became famous for its roasted whole lamb. Although it changed owners several times, it always kept the Bai Kui roasting technique, so the shop has always been called Bai Kui. This roasted lamb is famous first because the ingredients used are very carefully selected. People say they use over twenty kinds of spices like fennel and cardamom in the broth, adding them in specific amounts to their aged stock (laotang), which gives the lamb a rich and mellow flavor. The second reason is that they raise their own sheep. The meat is fatty and tender, and they only use castrated male sheep. It is not affected by the seasons, and the feed has its own special features, so it hits the market every February.
+
+The roasted lamb (shao yangrou) at typical lamb stalls is not as fancy as the kind at Baikui, but every shop follows the tradition of using a master stock (laotang). Because of this, the roasted lamb always has a unique flavor that you just cannot make at home. A whole lamb (quanyang) means the entire animal is used, as if the whole thing goes into the pot, and it is sold at different prices based on the quality of the cut. The lamb head and lamb neck are not sold in small pieces; you have to buy the whole part. Lamb chops, lamb shanks, and lamb spine (yangxiezi—the spine with the meat and marrow left on) are sold in chunks and are not cut into smaller pieces. Lamb meat is the richest and most delicious part, and it can be cut into small pieces. Also, the heart, liver, tripe, spleen, and intestines are collectively called offal (zasui), which is mostly sold in small pieces at a cheaper price. You can buy a pair of lamb trotters for just two copper coins. The most flavorful part is the lamb head, which includes the brain, tongue, eyes, and ears; it is fun to cut it up yourself. Every part of the lamb is a seasonal summer treat, whether you eat it with drinks, stuff it into a sesame paste flatbread (shaobing), or mix it into noodles.
+
+When buying roasted lamb, you can ask the seller to deep-fry it again, but they will only do it if you spend a certain amount; they won't do it for less than ten cents. Deep-fried roasted lamb is crispy on the outside and tender on the inside, making the rich, fatty flavor even better. The sellers also give away meat broth with your purchase. The broth is fresh and fragrant. If you buy more than ten copper coins' worth of meat or offal, you get a small bowl of broth, and the more you buy, the more you get. If you buy a whole lamb head or twenty to thirty cents' worth of roasted lamb, you can get half a pot of the original broth. Using this broth to pour over noodles or to cook tofu is the most delicious and affordable side dish, and it is a common meal for native Beijing families. Some laborers, after a long day of work, come to the steamed bun shop in the evening. They cook a pound of noodles, borrow a bowl, go to the lamb stall to buy twenty copper coins' worth of roasted lamb (about five cents), and ask for a bowl of broth to pour over the noodles. With a few cloves of garlic on the side, it makes for a very cheap, delicious, and filling dinner. Most families are small, so they often use this method for summer dinners. It saves money and effort, and it is very common.
+
+**Memories of Snacks: Jin Yunzhen**
+
+**7. Baodu Man at Dongsi Pailou**
+
+The halal restaurant Baoduman is located north of the Dongsi Mosque, right where the original Yitiaolong hot pot halal restaurant used to be. It was founded during the Guangxu reign and was originally run by a man named Man, which is why it is called Baoduman. In 1956, it became a joint state-private enterprise and kept the name Baoduman. The original owner, Man Ba'er, still works at the shop and handles the main preparation process for the tripe (baodu). Among Hui Muslims, the term ba'er is like saying comrade, mister, or boss in standard Chinese. Someone named Ma is called Ma Ba'er, someone named Ha is called Ha Ba'er, and someone named Man is naturally called Man Ba'er. Han Chinese acquaintances call it by the same name too.
+
+When you eat quick-boiled tripe (baodu), you do not need to ask for the dipping sauce. As soon as you sit down, they bring a portion for everyone. The sauce is similar to the one used for hot pot lamb (shuan yangrou), but it is simpler and has more sesame paste, making it quite thick. Quick-boiled tripe is a classic Beijing snack, and few people from the south eat it. Quick-boiled tripe is actually just the stomach of a sheep or cow. No matter how fancy the name sounds, it is always this same thing. Both cow tripe and sheep tripe have a part called stomach kernel (duren), but other parts have different names. Cow tripe includes leaf tripe (baiye) and thick head (houtou), while sheep tripe has even more varieties like loose tripe (sandan), board core (banxin), stomach board (duban), stomach ridge (duling), and mushroom head (mogutou). These many names come from the different parts of the stomach, and the prices vary accordingly. The best parts are the stomach kernel and mushroom head. People say you need the stomachs of several sheep to make just one plate of these. The stomach kernel is crunchy, and the mushroom head is tender. The stomach kernel is crunchy but easy to chew, unlike the loose tripe or leaf tripe, which are tough and often have to be swallowed whole. Because of this, the stomach kernel and mushroom head are more expensive. When eating quick-boiled tripe (baodu), start with a plate of omasum (sandan) to chew on, then follow it with a plate of tripe center (duren); that is what we call 'clearing the skies after rain'. The quick-boiled tripe at Baoduman is truly excellent, both crispy and tender. It might be because the owner, Man Ba'er, prepares it himself, so the heat is just right. Pair it with a hot sesame flatbread (shaobing), and it tastes absolutely delicious.
+
+In the mid-1950s, Baoduman expanded into a two-story building. The ground floor still sold quick-boiled tripe and offal (zasui), keeping it very accessible; you could get full on two sesame flatbreads and a plate of tripe. The upstairs served mutton hot pot (shuan yangrou) and traditional halal dishes (jiaomen caicai). After the Cultural Revolution began, the Baoduman at Dongsi Pailou closed down. In the early 1980s, the Ruizhenhou Restaurant, which had moved from Zhongshan Park, opened in the original two-story building where the old Baoduman once stood.
+
+After the Reform and Opening-up, the descendants of Baoduman reopened at 27 Shuru Hutong in Niujie. The full name of the shop is 'Old Baoduman Five-Spice Roasted Beef and Mutton' (Lao Baoduman Wuxiang Shao Niuyangrou); the shop front is as wide as the sign is long. The shop has two sections: one is a takeout window for cooked beef and lamb, and the other is for dining in. The restaurant is quite small with only three rooms, which were originally part of a three-bedroom apartment. Each room holds three or four tables. They do not serve many items, focusing mainly on tripe (baodu), sesame flatbread (shaobing), and braised beef and lamb.
+
+The Baoduman blog by ruiren491112 on Sina. The blogger, Chen Junyuan, was born in Beijing in 1949 and has lived there for generations.
+
+**8. The mutton shop at the corner of West Kushuijing and Xinxian Hutong inside Chaoyangmen.**
+
+There is a lamb shop at the intersection of Xikushui Jing and Xinxian Hutong that sells breakfast. Early in the morning, you can hear the owner tapping a rolling pin from far away, followed by the mouth-watering smell of baking flatbread (shaobing). The owner's wife looks like a typical person from the Western Regions. My Last Century by Guan Geng
+
+**9. The sesame flatbread shop (shaobing) on West Kushuijing Hutong inside Chaoyangmen.**
+
+At the entrance of Xikushuijing Hutong, there is a sesame flatbread (shaobing) shop run by an elderly Hui Muslim. He starts his business every morning before dawn. When he makes the bread, he taps his rolling pin loudly and creates a unique patterned crust. The sesame flatbreads (shaobing) made by this elderly Hui Muslim have plenty of sesame seeds, many flaky layers, and a generous amount of sesame paste. You can smell the fresh bread from far away. It has been about sixty years, but I still cannot forget that smell. I cannot find this kind of sesame flatbread (shaobing) anywhere anymore.
+
+The shop also fries dough fritters (yougui). These fritters are similar to the crispy rings (jiaoquan) we have today, but they are shaped into a fine, net-like pattern, which is different from the large fried dough sticks (youtiao) sold now. If you buy a sesame flatbread (shaobing) and stuff a fried dough fritter (yougui) inside, the flavor is beyond words. Sometimes you can also ask for thin crispy crackers (baocui), which are fried until they are crunchy and golden, making them taste even better. I do not know why I cannot find the old taste anymore. Maybe the ingredients have changed or the traditional techniques were lost.
+
+**My Last Century by Guan Geng**
+
+**10. Dongdeshun Restaurant inside Chaoyangmen**
+
+**The fried meat sesame flatbread (shaobing) at Dongdeshun Restaurant**
+
+People say that sesame flatbreads (shaobing) are sweet in the south and salty in the north. The fried meat sesame flatbread (shaobing) created by Dongdeshun Restaurant has the flavor of Beijing meat pie (roubing) and the salty aroma of a sesame flatbread (shaobing). Beijingers call it the "double wonder."
+
+To make it, you shape dough from regular flour, spread on sesame paste, wrap in seasoned meat filling, coat it with sesame seeds, bake it over a fire, and then deep-fry it until cooked. It is crispy on the outside, tender on the inside, and perfectly balances meat and vegetables.
+
+**Braised lamb brains (bai shao yang nao) at Dongdeshun Restaurant.**
+
+Braised lamb brains is a signature dish by Chef Song Enzhi at Dongdeshun Restaurant.
+
+Fresh lamb brains are rich in calcium, phosphorus, and iron, making them a healthy food that helps strengthen the brain and body.
+
+To make it, take fresh lamb brains, blanch them in hot water, remove the membrane, boil them in water until 80% cooked, let them cool, and cut them into small diamond-shaped pieces. Heat chicken fat in a wok, then stir-fry ginger, green onion, garlic slices, and star anise over high heat until golden. Add chicken broth, lamb brains, salt, MSG, and starch. Toss everything together and serve on a blue-patterned plate. The dish is bright white, soft, and tender, making it a delicious and nourishing halal meal.
+
+Collected Delicacies of Beijing Dongcheng, edited by Wei Lisen.
+
+**11. Deshengzhai on Jingshan East Street.**
+
+Not far east of the Second Campus of Peking University, on the north side of the road, is a restaurant called Deshengzhai. Deshengzhai is a restaurant for Hui Muslims that only serves beef and lamb dishes. The specialty at Deshengzhai is sesame flatbread (shaobing) with beef stew, which is what most students order. What left a clear impression wasn't the food, but a waiter who was about twenty years old. His surname was Yu, and the students all called him Little Yu. He was friendly and hardworking, but also very worldly. He could name almost every student who came in often. When he saw them from a distance, he would call them 'Mr.' and greet them with a nod, a bow, and a big smile, always finding something to talk about. If he had more time, he would be extra polite, saying that after graduation they would surely get promoted and become wealthy, or at the very least, become a bureau chief.
+
+**Fuxuan Suohua by Zhang Zhongxing**
+
+**12. Yueshengzhai on Hubu Lane inside Qianmen.**
+
+**A bet at Yueshengzhai.**
+
+One day, a Japanese acquaintance from the tourism bureau challenged Mengzhang to a bet. They would both take a group of foreign tourists out for a day of sightseeing and see if the guests chose to eat Chinese or Western food. The man boasted that if he lost, he would give a voucher for a ten-person meal at the Grand Hotel (Liuguo Fandian). If he won, Mengzhang had to bring all his guests to eat in his territory for a month.
+
+Mengzhang was furious when he heard this and said, "Kid, you're getting cocky too early. That ten-person meal voucher is mine!"
+
+However, Mengzhang was not confident, so he went to ask Ding Ziqing, the old manager of Donglaishun, for advice.
+
+Ding Ziqing, whose courtesy name was Deshan, was the founder of Donglaishun. He was a very strategic man and a famous figure in the Beijing catering industry. After Meng Zhang explained why he was there, Shopkeeper Ding stroked his beard and said with a smile, "That is not hard at all." I will arrange a show for you that is guaranteed to be a hit. When it is time to eat, just bring your guests to the front of Yueshengzhai and leave the rest to me...
+
+Yueshengzhai, also known as the "Old Ma Family Shop," has been famous in the capital since the Qianlong era for its beef and lamb cooked in a century-old broth that is constantly replenished. The recipe for the stewed meat is a closely guarded secret. People say back then, the aroma drifted into the palace, and even the Emperor would drool when he smelled it, so he specially bestowed a plaque to show his praise. Because it was located next to the Qing Dynasty Ministry of Revenue, the local people commonly called it "the stewed lamb on Hubu Street."
+
+That day, just before the lamps were lit, Meng Zhang brought all his guests to the entrance of Yueshengzhai and found that it was already packed with diners.
+
+As the crowd grew larger, someone inside the old shop shouted loudly, "The pot is open!" Then the windows in the courtyard were all opened at once, and along with a cloud of hot steam, that mouth-watering aroma filled the air. Then a worker dropped large chunks of lamb into a pot of hot oil. As it fried, he used a spoon to skim the foam off the top and tossed it into the stove, which immediately released a different kind of aroma.
+
+He scooped the fried meat out and placed it on a cutting board, then—'Pop! Pop! Pop! '—he chopped it into pieces. You could hear the sizzling and see the crispy outside and tender inside. No one passing by could keep walking.
+
+Children clapped and sang: 'Water buffalo, water buffalo, horns in front and head in back. Your mom and dad bought you fried lamb...' Adults held pots and bowls, rushing to buy some. Those who couldn't afford the meat just asked for two spoonfuls of lamb broth to pour over their noodles, stirred them with chopsticks, and slurped down a whole bowl.
+
+Some rickshaw pullers even took steamed corn buns (wotou) out of their pockets and ate them dry while enjoying the scent filling the street. Before leaving with their rickshaws, they took a few deep breaths of the air to savor it one last time.
+
+These hungry foreign tourists had never seen anything like this. They eagerly asked Mengzhang for food. Just then, the owner of Yueshengzhai came out and waved his hand, and the staff quickly set up tables and chairs. They brought out hot sesame flatbread with lamb (shaobing jia yangrou) and served it with a bowl of thin noodle soup (cu tang mian). Right there in the street, the foreigners started eating. They ate until they were completely stuffed, then held onto the corners of the tables to stand up. They burped and gave a thumbs-up to the front of the Yueshengzhai shop.
+
+Mengzhang found the Japanese man in the crowd. The guy was busy munching on a sesame flatbread (shaobing). He looked a bit embarrassed as he used his meat-sauce-covered hand to pull a meal voucher from his pocket and hand it to Mengzhang. Right in front of him, Mengzhang slowly tore the Grand Hotel (Liuguo Fandian) meal voucher in half and put it back in his pocket. He said, 'I don't have time to take advantage of you!'
+
+**Three Generations of Baimen, Bai Ming, Yueshengzhai.**
+
+My great-great-grandfather started making spiced lamb (jiang yangrou), but it was during the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty that my ancestors Ma Yongxiang and Ma Yongfu truly perfected the five-spice spiced lamb (wuxiang jiang yangrou) and sold it across the country. At that time, my ancestors received help from doctors at the Imperial Hospital to improve the original recipe. They used cloves, amomum, cinnamon, and star anise as the main medicinal ingredients, adding soy sauce and salt for flavor. Spiced lamb (jiang yangrou) made with this proper recipe is not only delicious and nutritious, but it also helps stimulate the appetite and aids digestion. A good recipe needs careful, precise cooking techniques. To perfect his craft, my ancestor would often stay in the kitchen all night from the moment the lamb went into the pot until it was finished. After years of practice, he concluded that you must start with the right lamb, and the large white sheep from the West Pass (Xikou) are the best. Back then, these sheep were hard to find; they were either out of stock or too expensive for us to afford. Because of this, my ancestor and his team bought forty or fifty large white sheep from the West Pass, kept them in the backyard of Yueshengzhai, and assigned people to raise them carefully for our use. For our soy-sauce lamb, we only use the front half of the sheep. We have to cut it carefully based on the specific part of the meat; if the pieces are too small, they fall apart, but if they are too big, the flavor does not soak in, so you have to watch the meat as you cut. Second, the seasonings must be high quality. You must carefully select every spice, regardless of the cost, and only use the best raw ingredients. Third, controlling the heat is a key step. The cook must carefully watch how the meat color changes and how strong the fire is. Start by boiling it over high heat for about an hour. Once the pot boils and foam rises to the surface, keep skimming it off with a long-handled ladle, then switch to low heat to simmer for six or seven hours. Boiling over high heat removes gamey smells, impurities, and off-flavors, while simmering over low heat lets the flavors of the spices soak into the meat. Finally, add aged broth (laotang) to deepen the flavor of the meat. Aged broth is what we call leftover stock. After making braised lamb (jiang yangrou) each time, we save some of the thick liquid in a jar to add to the pot for the next batch, which is why our braised lamb is known for its century-old marinade. We are picky about more than just these steps; the tools we use must be wide pots and wide ladles. We especially insist on using only wide pots with three-line markings.
+
+The season for making braised lamb (jiang yangrou) runs from autumn to spring, with the peak period during the three winter months. Every year, once summer arrives, braised lamb enters its off-season. To keep the business running in summer, my ancestor researched and developed a summer food called roasted lamb (shao yangrou). Beijingers love wheat-based foods like steamed buns (mantou), griddle-baked flatbread (laobing), and noodles, especially hand-pulled noodles (chen mian). How people eat noodles changes with the seasons; in winter, they eat hot noodles straight from the pot with soybean paste (zhajiangmian), braised sauce noodles (lumian), or hot soup noodles. After summer starts, people eat cold-water noodles (guoshuimian) to beat the heat, refresh their appetite, and add nutrition. The method for making braised lamb involves reducing the broth, while roasted lamb involves simmering it in a light sauce. Yueshengzhai makes its roasted lamb every day at noon and sells it in the afternoon. Locals use a big bowl, order less meat, and ask for more broth. They pour hot lamb bone broth (yangtang) over cold noodles, add shredded cucumber, and eat. The noodles are cool, the broth is warm, and the taste is fresh. It is a unique summer treat.
+
+The famous old Beijing brand, Yueshengzhai Ma Family Shop. Ma Lin (Wang Dongsi: The author is the fifth-generation descendant of Yueshengzhai).
+
+**13. Fusheng Canteen in Dongdan.**
+
+For Chinese food, we ate at Xilaishun. For Western food, there was a halal place called Fusheng Canteen near Dongdan, started by a family from outside Hademen. Their Western food was excellent. Later, when my father got older, he only ate a little when we went out, not as much as I did. When I was quite young, I could order two dishes, like steak and fried salmon, plus a soup. Anyway, one day I would have this soup, the next day that soup, and I would eat appetizers and bread before that. I really ate a lot, plus desserts. In winter, I ate chestnut flour, which is all starch and sugar. I could really eat. Back then, the steaks were so big that we would order two for four people, so each person got half, which was just right.
+
+On the east side of the road at Dongdan, there was the Star and Moon Restaurant (Xingyue Canting), which later turned into a bank branch. In the 1940s, when I was in middle school, I would ride my bike there all by myself to eat. I’d have the macaroni with tomato sauce and an ice cream, and that was it. I would just sign my name and have my family pay the bill later. That meal would probably cost over a hundred yuan today. That is why I feel like Western food today just doesn't taste right. It is a real shame that the Fusheng Canteen (Fusheng Shitang) didn't pass down its business, so it is gone forever.
+
+Born in the South of the City (Sheng Zai Cheng Nan): Not Inferior to Men—Oral accounts by Li Bin and Xiao Cheng. Written by Ding Yizhuang (Note by Wang Dongsi: The narrator is the younger sister of the famous conductor Li Delun).
+
+**14. Zengqingzhai on Yiliu Hutong outside Di'anmen.**
+
+When I was a teenager, I was an apprentice at Zengqingzhai near the Back Gate (Houmen, also known as Di'anmen)... What did we sell? They sold pastries, and in the summer, they sold river produce like lotus root, water caltrops, and eight-treasure lotus seed porridge (babao lianzi zhou). All this river food came from Zengqingzhai, and they also sold ice cream. That is what we made back home. Later, when I made ice cream in Jiuxianqiao, I used what I learned here. Where did we sell it? In the middle of Shichahai, they drove piles into the lake bed, laid down boards, and connected them to build several room-like structures. They sold everything there—all kinds of food like fried dough rings (youzhuozi), eight-treasure lotus seed porridge (babao lianzi zhou), fox nuts (jitoumi), gorgon fruit (qianshimi), lotus seed pods, and all sorts of lotus root, like white lotus root. It was all kinds of cold snacks, really: dried fruit (guozigan), sour plum drink (suanmeitang), ice cream, and shaved ice (xuehualao). I carried everything there on a shoulder pole and set up my stall.
+
+Born in the South of the City: Businesses Run by Hui Muslims—as told by Man Hengliang. Written by Ding Yizhuang.
+
+**Xicheng District**
+
+**1. Ruizhenhou inside Zhongshan Park**
+
+**Century-old Ruizhenhou**
+
+Inside Zhongshan Park, there used to be an old antique shop called Ruizhenhou, which opened in 1917. The name Ruizhenhou has a specific meaning: Rui stands for good luck and the sweet olive flower (ruixiang). Zhen means rare treasures, pearls, jade, and gemstones. Hou means being tolerant and kind, and treating people with honesty. Business was very successful after it opened, and it quickly became famous throughout Beijing. To make it easier to host guests and discuss business, the owner added a tea area and served food in the shop. There is an accurate written record about this: In 1917, the Zhongshan Park Board of Directors built 18 high-ceilinged rooms between Chunming Hall and Shanglinchun, with corridors on the east and west sides, to rent out to shops. One of these was the Ruizhenhou antique shop, which was opened by Hui Muslims.
+
+By 1950, this business was no longer doing well. Owner Ma You'an used his business sense to realize the park lacked a decent halal restaurant, so he turned his antique shop into one. He hired the famous chef Ma Deqi to run the kitchen, and his halal dishes, especially his braised beef (wei niurou), quickly became famous in Beijing. Ma Deqi learned from Chu Lianxiang (known in the industry as Chu Xiang), a master who pioneered Beijing halal cuisine. Chu Xiang was once a royal chef who combined traditional Hui Muslim stir-frying, roasting, and hot pot techniques with cooking styles from both northern and southern China to create a unique Beijing halal flavor. As the top student among Chu Xiang's eight main disciples, Ma Deqi mastered his teacher's skills. The grand banquets Ruizhenhou offered, such as the whole lamb feast (quanyang xi), fish maw feast (yudu xi), and shark fin feast (yuchi xi), were far beyond what ordinary restaurants could prepare. Soon after opening, the restaurant became as famous as the long-standing Han Chine
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_1_of_6.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_1_of_6.md
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_1_of_6.md
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City (Part 1 of 6)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2097"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2097"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:53Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "b3a30b623550f2452de51ee6e3bd29cd7948c379f32b463ab6f8216f01dc0f08"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City (Part 1 of 6)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: East City:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Northern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This is part 1 of 6.
+
+**Part 1 of 6**
+
+East City:
+
+**1. Donglaishun at Dong'an Market (including the Tianyishun halal sauce shop (Tianyi Shun Qingzhen Jiangyuan))**
+
+**2. Xideshun Tripe King (Baodu Wang) at Dong'an Market**
+
+**3. Jinshenglong Tripe Feng (Baodu Feng) at Dong'an Market**
+
+**4. Tofu Pudding Ma (Doufunao Ma) at Dong'an Market**
+
+**5. Meat Pie Zhang (Roubing Zhang) at Dong'an Market**
+
+**6. Baikui at Longfu Mosque**
+
+**7. Baodu Man at Dongsi Pailou**
+
+**8. The mutton shop at the corner of West Kushuijing and Xinxian Hutong inside Chaoyangmen.**
+
+**9. The sesame flatbread shop (shaobing) on West Kushuijing Hutong inside Chaoyangmen.**
+
+**10. Deshun Restaurant inside Chaoyangmen.**
+
+**11. Deshengzhai on Jingshan East Street.**
+
+**12. Yueshengzhai on Hubu Lane inside Qianmen.**
+
+**13. Fusheng Canteen in Dongdan.**
+
+**14. Zengqingzhai on Yiliu Hutong outside Di'anmen.**
+
+Xicheng District:
+
+**1. Ruizhenhou inside Zhongshan Park**
+
+**2. Kaorouwan inside Xuanwumen**
+
+**3. Hui Muslim beef and mutton shop inside Xuanwumen**
+
+**4. Youyishun Restaurant at the Xidan intersection inside Xuanwumen**
+
+**5. Dong Siba's spiced lamb head (jiangyangtou) inside Deshengmen**
+
+**6. Xue Siba's steamed lamb (zhengyangrou) outside Deshengmen**
+
+**7. Yang's lamb stall (yangrouchuangzi) on Guanxiang Street at Deshengmen**
+
+**8. The sheep market (yanghang) in Madian outside Deshengmen**
+
+**9. Hui Muslim snack shops inside Xizhimen.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0h05n5.jpg)
+
+**Dongcheng District.**
+
+**1. Donglaishun at Dong'an Market.**
+
+**Donglaishun as described by Zhang Zhongxing.**
+
+In the early 1930s, I lived in the dormitory of the Third Campus of Peking University, located at Beiheyan outside Donghuamen. I would walk south from the school gate, turn east, and cross Dong'anmen Street to reach Dong'an Market. Donglaishun was on the east side inside the north gate of the market. It had two entrances facing north. The western entrance was the main shop, which had three floors. The eastern entrance was the budget section, which did not connect to the upper floors. There are many restaurants in the market, ranging from high-end ones like Senlong Restaurant and Wufangzhai to small shops like Junshan Restaurant and various food stalls. There must be about twenty of them. As poor students, we liked going to Donglaishun because it had two advantages: the food was good and cheap, and it suited both big and small budgets. Plus, the staff were especially friendly to diners.
+
+Let's talk about their friendliness first. Right inside the door, there was always someone sitting in a long gown. People said he was the second manager. When he saw someone walking toward the door, he would immediately stand up, smile, bow slightly, and say, 'You're here! Please, come in!' Then he would turn inside and shout, 'How many people? Make some room!' You could choose to stay on the ground floor or go up to the second or third floor as you liked. The waiter would help you get seated, smiling broadly, and ask what you wanted to eat. Back then, it wasn't common to look at a menu; you had to call out the names of the dishes. When choosing dishes, the waiter would often offer his opinion on how to pair them for a better meal. Sometimes they even suggest you don't need to order too much, or if it's not enough, they help you add more quickly. Everything is friendly. After eating, you settle the bill, pay, and exchange polite words: "Are you taking this with you?" You usually leave a small tip, like two jiao, and the waiter shouts out: "A tip of two mao." The cashier and the kitchen staff call back in a long, drawn-out tone: "Thank you—." When you leave your seat and walk out, the two managers at the door stand up from afar. As you get close, they smile, bow slightly, and say: "See you this evening." (for lunch) or "See you tomorrow." (for dinner)
+
+Plus, the food is high quality and inexpensive. Donglaishun started out by selling meat pies (xianbing) and porridge from a pushcart. Their years of experience taught them that the surest way to make money is to offer high-quality goods at low prices and win through high sales volume. They have always stuck to this tradition. Take their famous hot pot lamb (shuan yangrou) as an example. People say the sheep are bought from outside the Great Wall and kept at their own farm, where they are fed grain for a month before slaughter. This makes the meat fatty and tender, unlike sheep that only eat grass. The seasonings are also homemade, produced at the Tianyishun Sauce Shop located across from the north gate of the market. Because the ingredients are good and the preparation is meticulous, everything tastes great, whether it is a high-end dish or a simple one. Their hot pot lamb is the best in the city, no question. Other dishes like braised beef (wei niurou), stir-fried lamb (bao yangrou), honey-glazed fritters (tasimi), crispy horns (sujiao), spiced beef tendon (jiang jianzi), as well as everyday foods like beef pies (niurou bing), lamb dumplings (yangrou jiaozi), soybean paste noodles (zhajiangmian), and millet and bean porridge (xiaomi douzhou) all have their own unique flavors and keep customers satisfied. The prices are all fair. Some lower-priced items might not make much money, like the lamb dumplings (yangrou jiaozi). The quality is great, and ten of them cost only four cents. You probably couldn't even make them that cheaply at home.
+
+For us poor students, the fact that prices can be high or low is a huge advantage. If you have guests, you can go up to the second or third floor, or even sit in a private booth or a small room. You can order a few dishes and some wine. Everyone leaves full and happy, and it only costs two or three yuan. If you are alone and only have twenty cents in your pocket, you can still walk in, eat twenty dumplings and drink a bowl of millet and bean porridge (xiaomi douzhou) for a total of nine cents. You can confidently pay with a ten-cent coin, hear a "Thank you!" Then you walk out, go to the Dangui Market, pick out a used book for ten cents, and happily head back to school.
+
+Looking back at the time I lived at Beiheyan, I went to Donglaishun so many times. Most of the time I didn't go upstairs. I just ate ten cents' worth of lamb dumplings and millet and bean porridge. Usually, I still had enough money left to browse the Dangui Market and look for old books. When I did go upstairs, I was always with one or two classmates or friends, so we could try things like crispy horns (sujiao) and honey-drizzled pastries (tasimi). In autumn and winter, when I am by myself, I often like to go to the working-class section near the east door. They say the owner first got rich through hard manual labor, so even after becoming wealthy, he wanted to keep his roots to show he had not forgotten his humble beginnings, or as they put it, he had not forgotten his poor brothers. There is no one to greet you at this east door, probably because the working-class regulars have never been ones for formalities. Once inside, you see a row of long tables running north to south with benches on both sides. No one offers you a seat, so you just find one yourself. After you sit down, a server asks what you want to eat, whether it is flatbread (bing) or noodles (mian), and how much you want by weight, because the regulars need to know exactly how much they are getting. If you order fancy dishes, they will bring those out just the same. The interesting thing is that the customers and the staff are all very blunt with each other; when people are drinking and lively, they might glare or slam the table, sometimes even shouting, which makes you think of Jing Ke and Gao Jianli in the markets of Yan.
+
+**Fuxuan Suohua by Zhang Zhongxing**
+
+**The big tent at Donglaishun**
+
+People who ate at Donglaishun were all wealthy. But the big tent downstairs at Donglaishun served poor, everyday people. They took the leftover scraps from the hot pot meat, stewed them into a savory sauce, and poured it over noodles. You could buy a big bowl for very little money, which satisfied both your cravings and your hunger.
+
+**My Last Century by Guan Geng**
+
+**The storefront of Donglaishun**
+
+In the early years, around noon every day, bicycles, pedicabs, rickshaws, flatbed carts, motorcycles, and cars would all head toward the west entrance of Jinyu Hutong. They packed the road from the west entrance of the hutong to the Jixiang Theater so tightly you could barely move.
+
+These people were all men, mostly Beijing locals between twenty and forty years old, who headed straight into the shop as soon as they got off the bus. Back then, Donglaishun had a cafeteria-style shop selling dumplings, meat pies (xianbing), and big bowls of lamb bone broth (yangtang) noodles with gravy, all made from the leftover scraps of the hot pot lamb, since the costs were already covered by the hot pot. But they knew how to run a business, selling the scraps again as meat pies and dumplings that were oily, stuffed full, and cheap. The diners came for exactly this: it satisfied their cravings and kept them full for a long time.
+
+**Past Beijing by Zhang Zheng, Donglaishun's Hot Pot Lamb.**
+
+Han Ziqi sat in a private booth upstairs at the Donglaishun restaurant at the north entrance of the Dongan Market on Wangfujing Street, with no heart to enjoy the snowy view outside, his eyes just staring blankly at the boiling water in the copper hot pot as if studying the tiny waves. After staring for a while, he lazily lifted his chopsticks, picked up a thin slice of lamb, swished it in the boiling water once, twice, three times, pulled it out at the perfect moment, dipped it into the bowl of sauce in front of him, and then put it in his mouth to chew slowly. He was actually very hungry, but he still kept up his habit of many years, never wolfing down his food or making rude smacking sounds. Eating is not just about filling your stomach; it is a pleasure, and you should not waste good food. Even in these times when food is scarce and prices are sky-high, he did not order cabbage or glass noodles, which are only good for filling space. He only asked for two plates of sliced meat and a small dish of pickled garlic (tangsuan). He ate a slice of meat, then took a bite of the garlic, slowly savoring the taste that was sweet within the spice and spicy within the sweet. He did not order alcohol. Alcohol is forbidden for Muslims, and he strictly followed this rule. Like many Hui Muslims, he did not smoke either. Even when he was deeply troubled, he never puffed on cigarettes or used alcohol to drown his sorrows. Aside from the jade and treasures he poured his heart into, his lifelong passion was the delicious food at halal restaurants. He was a regular at the Donglaishun restaurant. He knew everything about the place almost as well as he knew the Qizhenzhai shop he dedicated his life to, or the special arts and crafts import and export company where he worked later.
+
+He chewed on the fresh, tasty slices of meat. Where is the most tender hot pot lamb? It has to be Donglaishun. The lamb here is incomparable to anywhere else because of its unique standards. They only use castrated sheep from West Ujimqin Banner in Inner Mongolia. After a period of careful pen-feeding, the sheep are slaughtered. They only take the cuts known as modang'er, shangnao'er, huanggua tiao'er, and the large and small sancha'er. From a sheep weighing forty to fifty jin, only thirteen jin of meat is suitable for use. After being frozen, the meat is sliced with incredible skill into pieces as thin and even as paper. When placed on a plate, the patterns on the plate are clearly visible through the meat. One jin of lamb at Donglaishun is sliced into more than eighty pieces. The seasonings used to enhance the flavor are very particular. They include sesame paste (zhima jiang), Shaoxing yellow wine (Shaoxing huangjiu), fermented bean curd (jiang doufu), pickled chive flowers (jiucai hua), chili oil, shrimp oil, chopped green onions, minced cilantro, and Donglaishun's special drizzling soy sauce (pulin jiangyou). The soup base in the pot is flavored with dried shrimp and dried mushrooms (koumo). This hot pot has a unique charm that is clear, fragrant, fresh, and delicious. It is intoxicating to eat, much like how the famous jade expert Han Ziqi would carefully examine a rare treasure. But at this moment, neither the art of looking nor the art of eating occupied his mind. His heart was like the boiling water, and he could not say what he was thinking. From Donglaishun to Qizhenzhai, he chewed on the history of others and his own. Donglaishun's first owner, Ding Deshan, whose courtesy name was Ziqing, was from Cang County, Hebei. He later moved to Erlizhuang outside Dongzhimen. Back in the day, he was not much wealthier than the penniless wanderer Xiao Qizi. He pushed a handcart of yellow soil into Beijing and sold it at a low price to flower growers to make a difficult living. Around 1903, he saw the potential of the busy Dong'an Market and borrowed money to set up a stall. He started by selling flour-based cakes, flatbreads (tiebingzi), and rice porridge, eventually growing into the Donglaishun Porridge Stall. After over a decade of hard work, he added stir-fried, roasted, and hot pot meats. The hot pot became the most famous, and after several expansions, the business became the leader in its field.
+
+**The Muslim Funeral by Huo Da**
+
+**Condiments for Donglaishun hot pot lamb**
+
+For the soy sauce used in the hot pot lamb, they use a special dripped soy sauce (pulin jiangyou). Every summer when the soybean paste is sun-dried, they spread it on tin sheets and collect the oil that drips out. They then refine it with the right amount of licorice, cinnamon, and rock sugar. This is one of the main reasons Donglaishun hot pot lamb keeps its unique flavor. Also, when pickling chive flowers, they add a certain amount of sour pears to make the taste more sweet and tangy. The garlic used for pickled sugar garlic must be large six-clove garlic bulbs harvested two or three days before the Summer Solstice. It takes three months to prepare for sale, involving peeling, soaking in brine, packing and turning the jars, and releasing gas.
+
+Famous Old Beijing Brands: Donglaishun Restaurant, known for its hot pot lamb. Ma Xiangyu
+
+**Tianyi Shun Halal Sauce Shop.**
+
+(Wang Dongsi: Tianyi Shun Sauce Shop and Donglai Shun were sister stores owned by the same proprietor.)
+
+The west counter at Tianyi Shun sells groceries and seasonings, focusing on Beijing-style sweet pickled vegetables (jiang xiaocai). To make it easy for customers to browse and buy, the display counter for these pickles is placed in the center of the shop. The various pickles are displayed in blue-patterned porcelain jars, which look nice and make it easy for customers to choose. They also provide oil baskets (youlou) in different sizes so customers from out of town can carry them easily.
+
+Tianyi Shun has always been careful about selecting ingredients and crafting products with precision. For example, the soybeans used for making sauce must be large, yellow, and high in oil content, sourced from Majuqiao and Panggezhuang. The production method is: soak 100 jin of soybeans until they expand, then steam them. Add 50 jin of white flour, crush and press the mixture, cut it into rectangular blocks, and stack them on indoor racks to ferment. After fermentation, brush off the fuzz and put them into jars. For every 100 jin of beans, add 50 jin of salt and 200 jin of water. This ratio is called 'one part yellow, two parts water, and half a part salt'. After the mixture breaks down, it is passed through a sieve. It is turned four times a day with a sauce rake (jiangpa) and must be sun-dried for a long time, from February to August, before it is finished. This sauce is called dog days sauce (fujiang), also known as natural sauce. When you use it to make fried sauce, it saves oil and does not stick to the bottom of the pot. It makes beef and lamb look bright and taste delicious, which is why over 70 percent of sauce-meat shops in Beijing choose it.
+
+To make sweet flour sauce (tianmianjiang), steam buns (mantou) using white flour, but do not add baking soda. After fermenting, crush them and put them into a vat. Add 80 jin of water for every 100 jin of flour, adding the water gradually rather than all at once, until it reaches the consistency of thin porridge. Use a sauce rake to stir it four times a day until it turns purple-red by the start of autumn (liqiu). It tastes sweet and is the raw material for making sweet sauce pickles, and it is also an essential condiment for eating roast duck.
+
+For small-mill sesame oil (xiaomo xiangyou), you must buy high-quality sesame grown in the dog days from places like Zhangjiawan in Tongzhou, Panggezhuang in Daxing, and Gu'an County. When making it, strictly control the heat and time to get a high oil yield and excellent color, aroma, and taste.
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_2_of_6.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_2_of_6.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67cb9cdd4f9378475167db71a4db62705bf5764a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_2_of_6.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City (Part 2 of 6)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2098"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2098"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:45Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "b3c36df84bbf72cae4fbfb0e58110ae070c7593a617bff45d170a4af3b045cbd"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City (Part 2 of 6)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: East City:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Northern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This is part 2 of 6.
+
+**Part 2 of 6**
+
+To ensure the quality of the pickles, we buy produce directly from farmers. We require specific quality standards and strict adherence to delivery seasons and times. For example, when making sweet garlic with osmanthus (guihua tangsuan), the garlic must be the purple-skinned, six-clove variety. Each bulb must be the size of a 'tiger's mouth' (the space between the thumb and index finger). It must come from places like Gaozhuang, Huangzhuang, or Landianchang in the Haidian District. The garlic must be harvested three days before the start of summer. To keep the garlic from drying out and the cloves from getting tough, we water the field one day before harvest. We pull the garlic from the ground at night while the soil is still damp. We deliver it to the Tianyishun processing plant at daybreak to ensure the best quality. Once the garlic arrives at the plant, workers immediately peel off two to three layers of skin. We put the garlic into vats right away. For every 100 jin of garlic, we use one jin of salt, diluted in water, and pour it into the vat until the water covers the garlic. After three days, we take the garlic out and put it into empty vats, with 300 jin per vat. We soak it in fresh cold water for another three days, changing the water once a day to remove the sharp, spicy taste. After three days, we take the garlic out and squeeze each bulb by hand to remove excess water. We put it into jars, preferably yellow wine jars. For every 100 jin of garlic, we add 40 jin of white sugar and five liang of salt, diluted in cold water, and pour it into the jar. Finally, we seal the jar tightly with oil paper and white cloth, then lay the jar on its side at about a 45-degree angle. Roll the garlic jar once every day and let the air out every three days, preferably at night. It will be ready to eat after one month.
+
+We buy lettuce (wosun) during the summer solstice, specifically the green lettuce from Xiju Village in Fengtai District. This lettuce is green, crisp, and sweet, making the sweet sauce lettuce taste delicious.
+
+We only buy cucumbers from Wuluju outside Andingmen around the time of the Limit of Heat (chushu), because the quality is best during this period. The loofah (sigua) must be emerald green, about six or seven inches long, and uniform in size. Do not pick the ones with big bellies. This variety makes for a crispy and sweet pickled cucumber when processed with sweet sauce.
+
+During the White Dew (bailu) period, we buy iron-stem bell peppers (tieba shizijiao) from Shawo Village in the western suburbs. Once they reach the factory, we trim the stems, poke holes in them with bamboo skewers, and put them in cloth bags inside the sauce vat. Turn them three times a day, and they are ready to eat in ten days. These pickled iron-stem bell peppers are large and thick-fleshed. They are sweet, not spicy, and are a favorite pickle for Beijing households.
+
+Sweet sauce radish is made using white radishes grown on the ground. The best ones are the "Er Yingzi" radishes (about five to six inches long and uniform in size) grown in Wangjiayuan in the eastern suburbs. White radishes from Shicun, Macun, and Puhuangyu in the southern suburbs are also very good. You must buy these radishes after the Autumn Equinox, not at any other time. To prepare them, sort out the large and small ones and pick only the medium-sized ones. Carefully remove the fibrous roots, wash them clean, and use five jin of salt per hundred jin of radishes to brine them, turning the vat four times over two days. After taking them out, use fifty jin of yellow soybean paste (huangjiang) for every hundred jin of radishes, turning them twice a day. After seven days, switch to seventy-five jin of sweet flour paste (tianmianjiang) and one jin of caramel coloring (tangse), continuing to turn them twice a day for about seven or eight days until finished.
+
+For five-spice soy-sauce peanuts, the ingredients are peanuts grown in various counties in Hebei Province. The peanuts must be shelled by hand so the kernels stay large and uniform, without broken pieces or insect holes. To make it, soak the ingredients in boiling water first, then peel off the red skin by hand. For every 100 jin, use 60 jin of high-quality soy sauce and half a jin of five-spice seasoning (Sichuan peppercorn, star anise, fennel, cinnamon, licorice, and cloves). Add water and boil until 60 percent cooked for a crisp and delicious texture.
+
+For sweet sauce walnut kernels (tianjiang taoren), the main ingredient is white walnut kernels from Shanxi, commonly known as lion's head (shizitou). To prepare, put the walnut kernels in a ceramic basin and soak them in boiling water twice for about 15 minutes. Use a bamboo skewer to peel off the thin skin, then put the kernels into a cloth bag and place them in a large jar. For every 100 jin of kernels, use 150 jin of sweet flour paste (tianmianjiang). Use a sauce rake to turn them twice every day, and they will be ready to take out of the jar after 20 days. After taking them out of the jar, add two liang of white sugar to every jin of walnut kernels, mix well, and they are ready for sale.
+
+Famous Old Shops of Beijing: Tianyishun Halal Sauce Shop. Liu Yingjie (Wang Dongsi: The author was a long-time employee of Tianyishun from 1933 until retiring in 1974).
+
+**2. Xideshun Tripe King (Baodu Wang) at Dong'an Market**
+
+Beijing's quick-boiled tripe (baodu) is a halal snack. The stalls selling it are run by Hui Muslims. Each stall has a copper plaque with Arabic script and the four Chinese characters for 'Halal Hui Muslim' (Qingzhen Huihui). The tables and chairs in front are spotless, and even the small jars for seasonings are polished until they shine, which makes you feel comfortable. When you eat quick-boiled tripe, the seasoning is mixed on the spot, and the lamb tripe is sliced and boiled right when you order it. The Quick-Boiled Tripe King (Baodu Wang) in the open space in front of Runming Building at Beijing's Dong'an Market is very famous. The quality of quick-boiled tripe depends entirely on how it is dipped in boiling water. If you boil it too long, it gets tough and chewy. If you don't boil it long enough, it is also too tough to chew. The method is to use plenty of boiling water and only dip it briefly. It is all about getting the timing just right.
+
+**Cuisine of East Beijing by Wu Zhengge**
+
+**Quick-Boiled Tripe King's own account**
+
+My father's name was Wang Fukui, and he was from Linqing, Shandong. My name is Wang Jinliang, and I was born in Beijing. My father came to Beijing when he was young to work as an apprentice at a mutton shop. Because he knew how to clean tripe, he later switched to making quick-boiled tripe (baodu). My father set up his stall at the same time as Ding Ziqing, the founder of Donglaishun. We all lived on Lumicang Hutong, including Ding Ziqing and his son Ding Futing. Ding Ziqing started his business selling yellow soil. He would pull a broken cart at the Chaoyangmen city gate and shout to sell coal soil, which was mixed into coal dust to make coal balls. Ding Ziqing started with a porridge stall and grew his business bigger and bigger. Later, he opened Donglaishun, Tianyishun, and Yongchangshun, and eventually his son Ding Futing opened Youyishun.
+
+My father was hardworking, clean, and had a good temper when doing business. Customers would say, 'This old man is truly kind.' However, he was conservative in his thinking and had no desire to expand the business. By the time I can remember, my father had already earned enough money from his stall to buy a house. My father ran a stall at the Dongan Market. When I was a child, I helped him pick up tripe. We mostly went to a lamb shop on the north side of the road, opposite the sugar market outside Chaoyangmen. Chaonei Small Street was also full of lamb shops. We picked up goods from two shops. We didn't have to pay for the tripe right away; we settled the bill every nine days, which we called a nine-day cycle. I handled the pickup, and my father handled the payments.
+
+Beef tripe (niu baiye) became popular starting with my father. Originally, those selling quick-boiled tripe (baodu) didn't have beef tripe; it was all lamb. But beef tripe is easier to chew, so anyone can eat it.
+
+My father sold only the best cuts of tripe at Dongan Market, such as lamb tripe collar (yang du ling), lamb tripe leaves (yang sandan), tripe slab (duban), lamb tripe center (yang du ren), mushroom tip (mogujian), and esophagus (shixin). Besides his stall at Dongan Market, he also carried a shoulder pole to sell quick-boiled tripe at the sugar market outside the North Water Gate of Chaoyangmen. He would sell there until nine or ten in the morning, offering scraps and trimmings like tripe gourd (du hulu) and large grass sprouts (da caoya). His customers were poor people. He didn't separate the parts; he just grabbed a bowlful to sell, charging a few coins per bowl, and would come back with a few strings of cash. The money earned from that one trip was enough to feed our whole family for over ten days, so we could save all the money he made at Dongan Market.
+
+By the time of the Japanese occupation, my father had saved enough to buy two houses by running his stall and living frugally. But he never wanted to open a shop. He said opening a shop meant hiring people and having high expenses, while carrying a shoulder pole meant he would never go hungry or thirsty.
+
+**From Cuixianzhai to Xideshun.**
+
+I am the third child in my family. Did you find out my nickname? That's right, it's Wang San'er. I have older sisters above me and younger sisters below me, seven girls in total. When we were little, my older sisters also helped out with the chores. When I was a child, I was beaten every single day and sent to apprentice at a lamb shop in Zongbu Hutong, near the south entrance of Chaonei Nanxiaojie, where I sold steamed fried dough (zheng'erzha) and steamed buns (baozi). The way Han Chinese sell steamed buns is different from how Hui Muslims call out their wares, and Hou Baolin got it quite right in his crosstalk performance. Hui Muslims call out their steamed buns like this: Hot lamb-filled buns here...
+
+I was not born with the ambition to run a big business. One thing had a big impact on me. When I was around 20, Ding Ziqing, the manager of Donglaishun, held a wedding for his son Ding Futing at an inn outside Dongzhimen, and I went there with my father to give a gift, thinking about how he had once done business with my father, yet look at how successful his business became. The courtyard was huge. Under the eaves, there were gongs and drums everywhere, making a very lively noise, and celebratory banners hung all over the yard. We were poor, and the host kept fawning over the wealthy guests while ignoring us. From that moment on, I made up my mind that a person has to run a big business; running a small street stall just doesn't get you any respect.
+
+When I was 20, an old man named Zhang who worked in the machine room at Peking Union Medical College Hospital used to come to my father's stall to eat tripe (baodu). He helped me get a job in the hospital's machine room, where I worked for two years. At first, I earned 12 yuan a month, and later it went up to 15 yuan. But a real man shouldn't just earn a fixed, limited wage. I left the hospital at 22 and went back to helping my father sell tripe. Look at that photo of me on a bicycle; it was taken when I was 22. After I quit the hospital, I sold that nice bike. If I had kept using it to pick up tripe, it would have been dripping water everywhere, and that would have been a shame for such a good bike. This photo was taken before I sold the bike.
+
+I took over my father's business during the Japanese occupation. I was twenty-seven or twenty-eight then. I rented a space that used to be a barbershop. At first, I only wanted to sell tripe and named the shop 'Cuixianzhai' (Crispy and Fresh Studio), because tripe has to be both crispy and fresh. But later, I wanted to sell everything, so I turned it into a full restaurant. Once I made that change, I couldn't handle it anymore, and it closed down in less than a year. I rented the house to others to run a restaurant, but they lost money and closed down after two or three years. I took the house back and focused exclusively on tripe (baodu) for the second time, and that is when business finally picked up.
+
+I ran the business from the time I was 30 until I was 40. Those ten years or so were the most successful period of my life. I started the Xideshun brand when I was 30. It was hard to register a new name during the Japanese puppet regime, so I bought the name from a sesame flatbread (shaobing) shop.
+
+**Famous people gathered at Xideshun.**
+
+Xideshun had four rooms in total. Two rooms faced the street, with one displaying the shop sign. There was a kitchen in the back, and three rooms were for guests. The room with the sign had three small square tables (sixian zhuo). The three rooms inside, including the kitchen, were separated from the outer room. Each inner room had four small square tables, making 11 tables in total, which could seat 44 people when full.
+
+**3. Jinshenglong Baodu Feng at Dong'an Market.**
+
+Not long after Dong'an Market opened, two Hui Muslims, one surnamed Wang and one surnamed Feng, set up tripe (baodu) stalls one after another. Although the two families were cousins and their skills were similar, the competition between them was fierce as each worked hard to create their own specialties and attract customers. Later, the tripe master Baodu Wang became famous first, and by the 1940s, he had grown his business into the Xideshun Lamb Restaurant, which occupied two storefronts. Baodu Feng, however, kept running a street stall until after the liberation, when he finally built a shed and hung up the Jinshenglong sign, continuing to specialize in tripe.
+
+Selling tripe is hard work. Jinshenglong founder Feng Tianjie had his whole family, including his wife and children, working together. They bought the beef and lamb tripe from the slaughterhouses and lamb shops located between Chaoyang Gate and Dongbian Gate. The supply was not steady, and since every vendor competed to buy it, they often had to run around everywhere, begging others for stock and still coming up empty-handed. When they managed to buy tripe, they would get 40 to 50 pounds at most or 20 to 30 pounds at least, and with no transport, they had to carry it home in bamboo baskets on their arms, walking for miles. Cleaning the tripe was even tougher work. The Feng family lived in the slums of Nanheyan outside Chaoyangmen. There was a bitter water well nearby. For over thirty years, Feng Tianjie's wife went to the well almost every day with a bucket and a clay basin to wash tripe. She washed each piece of tripe seven times, turning it inside out three times and right side out four times, cleaning every leaf of the honeycomb tripe (baiye) thoroughly. In winter, the water was freezing cold, and her hands would turn red and swollen. Sometimes her shoes even froze to the well platform. After cleaning the tripe, she carried a basket and walked five or six miles to sell it at the Dong'an Market.
+
+Quick-boiled tripe (baodu) must be fresh, the fresher the better. It was usually sold out the same day, within twenty-four hours. When the weather was warm, she had to keep the cleaned tripe on ice to stay fresh. In cold weather, she had to keep it from freezing. Because it was hard to store, the price changed. When supplies were low, she sold it sparingly, but when there was a lot or the weather was bad and customers were few, she had to sell it off cheaply. Every year after spring begins, there is less cattle and sheep slaughtering, so the season for quick-boiled tripe (baodu) slows down. In midsummer, lamb shops clear their counters and lamb stalls put away their carts. Sellers of quick-boiled tripe (baodu) have to close their pots and temporarily sell items like mung bean jelly (liangfen) and rice cakes (paigao) to get through the slow season.
+
+**Market Records: A History of Beijing Dong'an Market by Dong Shanyuan.**
+
+**4. Tofu Pudding Ma (Doufunao Ma) at Dong'an Market**
+
+Tofu Pudding Ma (Doufunao Ma) is a family-run business. Ma Kuan originally carried his goods on a shoulder pole to sell them around the Xiagongfu area, running what was known as an eight-rope business. He entered the market after the 1940s and paid a high price to rent a prime spot of land. He opened Yuelaixuan, and because his tofu pudding (doufunao) was carefully made and delicious, he quickly earned a good reputation.
+
+The Ma family's tofu pudding (doufunao) is made by grinding soy milk with a hand-cranked stone mill, filtering it through fine bean-cloth, and pressing the liquid out with a wooden bucket. He thought tofu made with brine had a strange smell, so he started burning gypsum himself to set the tofu. You must use low heat to burn the gypsum, and you have to get the timing just right. Every step, from soaking the soybeans to setting the tofu curd (doufunao), has strict requirements. The family stays very busy selling products made from about thirty to forty jin of soybeans every day.
+
+Tofu curd must be topped with a good savory sauce (lu) to taste right. Yuelaixuan has always used lamb slices and button mushrooms (koumo) thickened with high-quality seasonings for their sauce, and every bowl served must contain both lamb and mushrooms, plus soy sauce, chili, or minced garlic for a fresh and delicious flavor. Served with hot sesame flatbread (shaobing) baked fresh to order, it makes for a tasty and affordable everyday meal.
+
+**Market Records: A History of Beijing Dong'an Market by Dong Shanyuan.**
+
+**5. Meat Pie Zhang (Roubing Zhang) at Dong'an Market**
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_3_of_6.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_3_of_6.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..13a2dab80b2f5a19d75a8d6b4f85161ae4953eaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_3_of_6.md
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City (Part 3 of 6)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2099"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2099"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:42Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "5c579a19ccfbaaacf34fea4e3642ab0d00ce2675c26a875d17afddcf133488e2"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City (Part 3 of 6)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: East City:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Northern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This is part 3 of 6.
+
+**Part 3 of 6**
+
+The Zhang family used to sell fried tofu and fried meatballs. These were affordable, but they didn't stand out, so the family stopped the business for a while and started pulling rickshaws instead. They later reopened and focused on selling meat pies (roubing) filled with green onion and lamb. They chose high-quality ingredients and had great skills. Each pie weighed over a pound and was perfectly even in thickness. They cut and sold the pies fresh based on how much the customer wanted. The pies were cheap, delicious, and earned a great reputation. Although the shop was named Longdezhai, people usually just called it Meat Pie Zhang (Roubing Zhang).
+
+**Market Records: A History of Beijing Dong'an Market by Dong Shanyuan.**
+
+**6. Baikui at Longfu Mosque**
+
+**Lamb head meat (yangtou rou) from the old Bai Kui shop.**
+
+The old Bai Kui shop was right across from the Changong Cinema on Longfu Mosque Street. I was young back then, so I only ever bought their lamb head meat. Cooked sheep heads are piled up above a bubbling pot that is three feet wide, or more accurately, they are stacked on an iron grate sitting on top of the pot. When someone buys one, the elderly man selling the sheep heads quickly uses a small iron hook to grab one and place it on the scale, then asks after weighing it, "Do you want it deboned?" If you say yes, in the blink of an eye, the entire sheep face is spread out flat on the large wooden table like a sheet of paper. I have watched the old man's hands closely more than once, but I still cannot figure out how he peels the meat off the sheep head in one whole piece. If a customer wants it sliced thin, the old man will do that too, then sprinkle on some seasoned salt (jiaoyan), add a small sprig of cilantro, and wrap it all up in yellow straw paper. I still cannot forget the unique, clean fragrance of the sheep head from Baikui.
+
+**From "Past Events in Beijing" by Zhang Zheng, "Baikui's Roasted Lamb".**
+
+When people mention roasted lamb, everyone thinks of Baikui on Longfusi Street in Dongsi. Bai Kui's braised lamb (shao yangrou) is famous because there is a noodle shop right across the street. You can borrow a bowl from the noodle shop, buy some lamb shank (yang jianzi) or a pair of lamb trotters (yang ti'er) at Bai Kui, and ask for extra braised lamb broth. Take it back to the noodle shop to fill a bowl with noodles, cook them in the lamb broth, and it tastes better than any stir-fried noodle dish.
+
+**From "Cuisine of Eastern Beijing" by Wu Zhengge: Bai Kui's Five-Spice Braised Lamb (wuxiang shao yangrou).**
+
+It is a tradition to give away free broth when selling braised lamb. The broth is fresh and delicious, which customers really love. Braised lamb is best eaten with a hanging-oven flatbread (gualu shaobing). The favorite way to eat it is to add the lamb and broth to noodles with some shredded cucumber. Beijingers have a saying: "Braised lamb mixed with noodles is delicious in every bite."
+
+When my father ran the business, he added stir-fried (pao), roasted, and hot pot lamb. For the stir-fried lamb, we set up a large griddle at the entrance. Customers would buy half a jin or four liang of lamb slices, stand around the griddle with one foot on a stool, and eat it as it was cooked. It was a very fun experience. Eating braised lamb or stir-fried lamb with a flatbread, followed by a bowl of lotus leaf porridge or millet porridge, is both a treat and very affordable. Bai Kui was one of the first restaurants in Beijing to serve hot pot lamb (shuan yangrou), and they hired master chefs to slice the meat. You must use pine and cypress wood to roast the meat. The roasted meat takes on the scent of the wood, which is a unique and special pleasure.
+
+Selected Historical Materials of Dongcheng District, Beijing, Volume 1: Bai Kui's spiced roast lamb (wuxiang shaoyangrou). Hei Deliang (Wang Dongsi: The author was the manager of Bai Kui from 1942 to 1957).
+
+**Bai Kui's roast lamb (shaoyangrou).**
+
+Beijing roast lamb is rich, tender, and crispy. This cooking method is unique to Beijing and I have not seen it anywhere else. It is not suitable for home cooking. Only lamb restaurants and lamb stalls (yangrou chuangzi) specialize in this dish. A lamb stall (yangrou chuangzi) is a specific name for a lamb shop. In the past, most lamb shops in Beijing were run by Hui Muslims. They would slaughter sheep at the morning market, and the cutting board looked like a wooden bed, which is why they were called lamb stalls (yangrou chuangzi). These lamb stalls (yangrou chuangzi) are a daily necessity for residents, and you can find them on almost every street. Except for the very smallest shops, almost every place makes roasted lamb (shao yangrou) in the summer, though the quality varies quite a bit. The earliest famous shop for roasted lamb is Bai Kui in the East City, which everyone in old Beijing knows.
+
+Bai Kui was a person's name, and he was a Hui Muslim. He opened the Dongchangshun Halal Restaurant on Longfu Mosque Street near Dongsi Pailou during the Qianlong era of the Qing Dynasty, so it has a history of over two hundred years. The shop became famous for its roasted whole lamb. Although it changed owners several times, it always kept the Bai Kui roasting technique, so the shop has always been called Bai Kui. This roasted lamb is famous first because the ingredients used are very carefully selected. People say they use over twenty kinds of spices like fennel and cardamom in the broth, adding them in specific amounts to their aged stock (laotang), which gives the lamb a rich and mellow flavor. The second reason is that they raise their own sheep. The meat is fatty and tender, and they only use castrated male sheep. It is not affected by the seasons, and the feed has its own special features, so it hits the market every February.
+
+The roasted lamb (shao yangrou) at typical lamb stalls is not as fancy as the kind at Baikui, but every shop follows the tradition of using a master stock (laotang). Because of this, the roasted lamb always has a unique flavor that you just cannot make at home. A whole lamb (quanyang) means the entire animal is used, as if the whole thing goes into the pot, and it is sold at different prices based on the quality of the cut. The lamb head and lamb neck are not sold in small pieces; you have to buy the whole part. Lamb chops, lamb shanks, and lamb spine (yangxiezi—the spine with the meat and marrow left on) are sold in chunks and are not cut into smaller pieces. Lamb meat is the richest and most delicious part, and it can be cut into small pieces. Also, the heart, liver, tripe, spleen, and intestines are collectively called offal (zasui), which is mostly sold in small pieces at a cheaper price. You can buy a pair of lamb trotters for just two copper coins. The most flavorful part is the lamb head, which includes the brain, tongue, eyes, and ears; it is fun to cut it up yourself. Every part of the lamb is a seasonal summer treat, whether you eat it with drinks, stuff it into a sesame paste flatbread (shaobing), or mix it into noodles.
+
+When buying roasted lamb, you can ask the seller to deep-fry it again, but they will only do it if you spend a certain amount; they won't do it for less than ten cents. Deep-fried roasted lamb is crispy on the outside and tender on the inside, making the rich, fatty flavor even better. The sellers also give away meat broth with your purchase. The broth is fresh and fragrant. If you buy more than ten copper coins' worth of meat or offal, you get a small bowl of broth, and the more you buy, the more you get. If you buy a whole lamb head or twenty to thirty cents' worth of roasted lamb, you can get half a pot of the original broth. Using this broth to pour over noodles or to cook tofu is the most delicious and affordable side dish, and it is a common meal for native Beijing families. Some laborers, after a long day of work, come to the steamed bun shop in the evening. They cook a pound of noodles, borrow a bowl, go to the lamb stall to buy twenty copper coins' worth of roasted lamb (about five cents), and ask for a bowl of broth to pour over the noodles. With a few cloves of garlic on the side, it makes for a very cheap, delicious, and filling dinner. Most families are small, so they often use this method for summer dinners. It saves money and effort, and it is very common.
+
+**Memories of Snacks: Jin Yunzhen**
+
+**7. Baodu Man at Dongsi Pailou**
+
+The halal restaurant Baoduman is located north of the Dongsi Mosque, right where the original Yitiaolong hot pot halal restaurant used to be. It was founded during the Guangxu reign and was originally run by a man named Man, which is why it is called Baoduman. In 1956, it became a joint state-private enterprise and kept the name Baoduman. The original owner, Man Ba'er, still works at the shop and handles the main preparation process for the tripe (baodu). Among Hui Muslims, the term ba'er is like saying comrade, mister, or boss in standard Chinese. Someone named Ma is called Ma Ba'er, someone named Ha is called Ha Ba'er, and someone named Man is naturally called Man Ba'er. Han Chinese acquaintances call it by the same name too.
+
+When you eat quick-boiled tripe (baodu), you do not need to ask for the dipping sauce. As soon as you sit down, they bring a portion for everyone. The sauce is similar to the one used for hot pot lamb (shuan yangrou), but it is simpler and has more sesame paste, making it quite thick. Quick-boiled tripe is a classic Beijing snack, and few people from the south eat it. Quick-boiled tripe is actually just the stomach of a sheep or cow. No matter how fancy the name sounds, it is always this same thing. Both cow tripe and sheep tripe have a part called stomach kernel (duren), but other parts have different names. Cow tripe includes leaf tripe (baiye) and thick head (houtou), while sheep tripe has even more varieties like loose tripe (sandan), board core (banxin), stomach board (duban), stomach ridge (duling), and mushroom head (mogutou). These many names come from the different parts of the stomach, and the prices vary accordingly. The best parts are the stomach kernel and mushroom head. People say you need the stomachs of several sheep to make just one plate of these. The stomach kernel is crunchy, and the mushroom head is tender. The stomach kernel is crunchy but easy to chew, unlike the loose tripe or leaf tripe, which are tough and often have to be swallowed whole. Because of this, the stomach kernel and mushroom head are more expensive. When eating quick-boiled tripe (baodu), start with a plate of omasum (sandan) to chew on, then follow it with a plate of tripe center (duren); that is what we call 'clearing the skies after rain'. The quick-boiled tripe at Baoduman is truly excellent, both crispy and tender. It might be because the owner, Man Ba'er, prepares it himself, so the heat is just right. Pair it with a hot sesame flatbread (shaobing), and it tastes absolutely delicious.
+
+In the mid-1950s, Baoduman expanded into a two-story building. The ground floor still sold quick-boiled tripe and offal (zasui), keeping it very accessible; you could get full on two sesame flatbreads and a plate of tripe. The upstairs served mutton hot pot (shuan yangrou) and traditional halal dishes (jiaomen caicai). After the Cultural Revolution began, the Baoduman at Dongsi Pailou closed down. In the early 1980s, the Ruizhenhou Restaurant, which had moved from Zhongshan Park, opened in the original two-story building where the old Baoduman once stood.
+
+After the Reform and Opening-up, the descendants of Baoduman reopened at 27 Shuru Hutong in Niujie. The full name of the shop is 'Old Baoduman Five-Spice Roasted Beef and Mutton' (Lao Baoduman Wuxiang Shao Niuyangrou); the shop front is as wide as the sign is long. The shop has two sections: one is a takeout window for cooked beef and lamb, and the other is for dining in. The restaurant is quite small with only three rooms, which were originally part of a three-bedroom apartment. Each room holds three or four tables. They do not serve many items, focusing mainly on tripe (baodu), sesame flatbread (shaobing), and braised beef and lamb.
+
+The Baoduman blog by ruiren491112 on Sina. The blogger, Chen Junyuan, was born in Beijing in 1949 and has lived there for generations.
+
+**8. The mutton shop at the corner of West Kushuijing and Xinxian Hutong inside Chaoyangmen.**
+
+There is a lamb shop at the intersection of Xikushui Jing and Xinxian Hutong that sells breakfast. Early in the morning, you can hear the owner tapping a rolling pin from far away, followed by the mouth-watering smell of baking flatbread (shaobing). The owner's wife looks like a typical person from the Western Regions. My Last Century by Guan Geng
+
+**9. The sesame flatbread shop (shaobing) on West Kushuijing Hutong inside Chaoyangmen.**
+
+At the entrance of Xikushuijing Hutong, there is a sesame flatbread (shaobing) shop run by an elderly Hui Muslim. He starts his business every morning before dawn. When he makes the bread, he taps his rolling pin loudly and creates a unique patterned crust. The sesame flatbreads (shaobing) made by this elderly Hui Muslim have plenty of sesame seeds, many flaky layers, and a generous amount of sesame paste. You can smell the fresh bread from far away. It has been about sixty years, but I still cannot forget that smell. I cannot find this kind of sesame flatbread (shaobing) anywhere anymore.
+
+The shop also fries dough fritters (yougui). These fritters are similar to the crispy rings (jiaoquan) we have today, but they are shaped into a fine, net-like pattern, which is different from the large fried dough sticks (youtiao) sold now. If you buy a sesame flatbread (shaobing) and stuff a fried dough fritter (yougui) inside, the flavor is beyond words. Sometimes you can also ask for thin crispy crackers (baocui), which are fried until they are crunchy and golden, making them taste even better. I do not know why I cannot find the old taste anymore. Maybe the ingredients have changed or the traditional techniques were lost.
+
+**My Last Century by Guan Geng**
+
+**10. Dongdeshun Restaurant inside Chaoyangmen**
+
+**The fried meat sesame flatbread (shaobing) at Dongdeshun Restaurant**
+
+People say that sesame flatbreads (shaobing) are sweet in the south and salty in the north. The fried meat sesame flatbread (shaobing) created by Dongdeshun Restaurant has the flavor of Beijing meat pie (roubing) and the salty aroma of a sesame flatbread (shaobing). Beijingers call it the "double wonder."
+
+To make it, you shape dough from regular flour, spread on sesame paste, wrap in seasoned meat filling, coat it with sesame seeds, bake it over a fire, and then deep-fry it until cooked. It is crispy on the outside, tender on the inside, and perfectly balances meat and vegetables.
+
+**Braised lamb brains (bai shao yang nao) at Dongdeshun Restaurant.**
+
+Braised lamb brains is a signature dish by Chef Song Enzhi at Dongdeshun Restaurant.
+
+Fresh lamb brains are rich in calcium, phosphorus, and iron, making them a healthy food that helps strengthen the brain and body.
+
+To make it, take fresh lamb brains, blanch them in hot water, remove the membrane, boil them in water until 80% cooked, let them cool, and cut them into small diamond-shaped pieces. Heat chicken fat in a wok, then stir-fry ginger, green onion, garlic slices, and star anise over high heat until golden. Add chicken broth, lamb brains, salt, MSG, and starch. Toss everything together and serve on a blue-patterned plate. The dish is bright white, soft, and tender, making it a delicious and nourishing halal meal.
+
+Collected Delicacies of Beijing Dongcheng, edited by Wei Lisen.
+
+**11. Deshengzhai on Jingshan East Street.**
+
+Not far east of the Second Campus of Peking University, on the north side of the road, is a restaurant called Deshengzhai. Deshengzhai is a restaurant for Hui Muslims that only serves beef and lamb dishes. The specialty at Deshengzhai is sesame flatbread (shaobing) with beef stew, which is what most students order. What left a clear impression wasn't the food, but a waiter who was about twenty years old. His surname was Yu, and the students all called him Little Yu. He was friendly and hardworking, but also very worldly. He could name almost every student who came in often. When he saw them from a distance, he would call them 'Mr.' and greet them with a nod, a bow, and a big smile, always finding something to talk about. If he had more time, he would be extra polite, saying that after graduation they would surely get promoted and become wealthy, or at the very least, become a bureau chief.
+
+**Fuxuan Suohua by Zhang Zhongxing**
+
+**12. Yueshengzhai on Hubu Lane inside Qianmen.**
+
+**A bet at Yueshengzhai.**
+
+One day, a Japanese acquaintance from the tourism bureau challenged Mengzhang to a bet. They would both take a group of foreign tourists out for a day of sightseeing and see if the guests chose to eat Chinese or Western food. The man boasted that if he lost, he would give a voucher for a ten-person meal at the Grand Hotel (Liuguo Fandian). If he won, Mengzhang had to bring all his guests to eat in his territory for a month.
+
+Mengzhang was furious when he heard this and said, "Kid, you're getting cocky too early. That ten-person meal voucher is mine!"
+
+However, Mengzhang was not confident, so he went to ask Ding Ziqing, the old manager of Donglaishun, for advice.
+
+Ding Ziqing, whose courtesy name was Deshan, was the founder of Donglaishun. He was a very strategic man and a famous figure in the Beijing catering industry. After Meng Zhang explained why he was there, Shopkeeper Ding stroked his beard and said with a smile, "That is not hard at all." I will arrange a show for you that is guaranteed to be a hit. When it is time to eat, just bring your guests to the front of Yueshengzhai and leave the rest to me...
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_4_of_6.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_4_of_6.md
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4d958eec5134a180a2e7693f3e49958c2fa10d4
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+++ b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_4_of_6.md
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City (Part 4 of 6)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2118"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2118"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:41Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "0298f2f36f367a6056e0ddab69e77d6bf4a8f0384fda29ef64b657ef2ab8155c"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City (Part 4 of 6)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: East City:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Northern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This is part 4 of 6.
+
+**Part 4 of 6**
+
+Yueshengzhai, also known as the "Old Ma Family Shop," has been famous in the capital since the Qianlong era for its beef and lamb cooked in a century-old broth that is constantly replenished. The recipe for the stewed meat is a closely guarded secret. People say back then, the aroma drifted into the palace, and even the Emperor would drool when he smelled it, so he specially bestowed a plaque to show his praise. Because it was located next to the Qing Dynasty Ministry of Revenue, the local people commonly called it "the stewed lamb on Hubu Street."
+
+That day, just before the lamps were lit, Meng Zhang brought all his guests to the entrance of Yueshengzhai and found that it was already packed with diners.
+
+As the crowd grew larger, someone inside the old shop shouted loudly, "The pot is open!" Then the windows in the courtyard were all opened at once, and along with a cloud of hot steam, that mouth-watering aroma filled the air. Then a worker dropped large chunks of lamb into a pot of hot oil. As it fried, he used a spoon to skim the foam off the top and tossed it into the stove, which immediately released a different kind of aroma.
+
+He scooped the fried meat out and placed it on a cutting board, then—'Pop! Pop! Pop! '—he chopped it into pieces. You could hear the sizzling and see the crispy outside and tender inside. No one passing by could keep walking.
+
+Children clapped and sang: 'Water buffalo, water buffalo, horns in front and head in back. Your mom and dad bought you fried lamb...' Adults held pots and bowls, rushing to buy some. Those who couldn't afford the meat just asked for two spoonfuls of lamb broth to pour over their noodles, stirred them with chopsticks, and slurped down a whole bowl.
+
+Some rickshaw pullers even took steamed corn buns (wotou) out of their pockets and ate them dry while enjoying the scent filling the street. Before leaving with their rickshaws, they took a few deep breaths of the air to savor it one last time.
+
+These hungry foreign tourists had never seen anything like this. They eagerly asked Mengzhang for food. Just then, the owner of Yueshengzhai came out and waved his hand, and the staff quickly set up tables and chairs. They brought out hot sesame flatbread with lamb (shaobing jia yangrou) and served it with a bowl of thin noodle soup (cu tang mian). Right there in the street, the foreigners started eating. They ate until they were completely stuffed, then held onto the corners of the tables to stand up. They burped and gave a thumbs-up to the front of the Yueshengzhai shop.
+
+Mengzhang found the Japanese man in the crowd. The guy was busy munching on a sesame flatbread (shaobing). He looked a bit embarrassed as he used his meat-sauce-covered hand to pull a meal voucher from his pocket and hand it to Mengzhang. Right in front of him, Mengzhang slowly tore the Grand Hotel (Liuguo Fandian) meal voucher in half and put it back in his pocket. He said, 'I don't have time to take advantage of you!'
+
+**Three Generations of Baimen, Bai Ming, Yueshengzhai.**
+
+My great-great-grandfather started making spiced lamb (jiang yangrou), but it was during the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty that my ancestors Ma Yongxiang and Ma Yongfu truly perfected the five-spice spiced lamb (wuxiang jiang yangrou) and sold it across the country. At that time, my ancestors received help from doctors at the Imperial Hospital to improve the original recipe. They used cloves, amomum, cinnamon, and star anise as the main medicinal ingredients, adding soy sauce and salt for flavor. Spiced lamb (jiang yangrou) made with this proper recipe is not only delicious and nutritious, but it also helps stimulate the appetite and aids digestion. A good recipe needs careful, precise cooking techniques. To perfect his craft, my ancestor would often stay in the kitchen all night from the moment the lamb went into the pot until it was finished. After years of practice, he concluded that you must start with the right lamb, and the large white sheep from the West Pass (Xikou) are the best. Back then, these sheep were hard to find; they were either out of stock or too expensive for us to afford. Because of this, my ancestor and his team bought forty or fifty large white sheep from the West Pass, kept them in the backyard of Yueshengzhai, and assigned people to raise them carefully for our use. For our soy-sauce lamb, we only use the front half of the sheep. We have to cut it carefully based on the specific part of the meat; if the pieces are too small, they fall apart, but if they are too big, the flavor does not soak in, so you have to watch the meat as you cut. Second, the seasonings must be high quality. You must carefully select every spice, regardless of the cost, and only use the best raw ingredients. Third, controlling the heat is a key step. The cook must carefully watch how the meat color changes and how strong the fire is. Start by boiling it over high heat for about an hour. Once the pot boils and foam rises to the surface, keep skimming it off with a long-handled ladle, then switch to low heat to simmer for six or seven hours. Boiling over high heat removes gamey smells, impurities, and off-flavors, while simmering over low heat lets the flavors of the spices soak into the meat. Finally, add aged broth (laotang) to deepen the flavor of the meat. Aged broth is what we call leftover stock. After making braised lamb (jiang yangrou) each time, we save some of the thick liquid in a jar to add to the pot for the next batch, which is why our braised lamb is known for its century-old marinade. We are picky about more than just these steps; the tools we use must be wide pots and wide ladles. We especially insist on using only wide pots with three-line markings.
+
+The season for making braised lamb (jiang yangrou) runs from autumn to spring, with the peak period during the three winter months. Every year, once summer arrives, braised lamb enters its off-season. To keep the business running in summer, my ancestor researched and developed a summer food called roasted lamb (shao yangrou). Beijingers love wheat-based foods like steamed buns (mantou), griddle-baked flatbread (laobing), and noodles, especially hand-pulled noodles (chen mian). How people eat noodles changes with the seasons; in winter, they eat hot noodles straight from the pot with soybean paste (zhajiangmian), braised sauce noodles (lumian), or hot soup noodles. After summer starts, people eat cold-water noodles (guoshuimian) to beat the heat, refresh their appetite, and add nutrition. The method for making braised lamb involves reducing the broth, while roasted lamb involves simmering it in a light sauce. Yueshengzhai makes its roasted lamb every day at noon and sells it in the afternoon. Locals use a big bowl, order less meat, and ask for more broth. They pour hot lamb bone broth (yangtang) over cold noodles, add shredded cucumber, and eat. The noodles are cool, the broth is warm, and the taste is fresh. It is a unique summer treat.
+
+The famous old Beijing brand, Yueshengzhai Ma Family Shop. Ma Lin (Wang Dongsi: The author is the fifth-generation descendant of Yueshengzhai).
+
+**13. Fusheng Canteen in Dongdan.**
+
+For Chinese food, we ate at Xilaishun. For Western food, there was a halal place called Fusheng Canteen near Dongdan, started by a family from outside Hademen. Their Western food was excellent. Later, when my father got older, he only ate a little when we went out, not as much as I did. When I was quite young, I could order two dishes, like steak and fried salmon, plus a soup. Anyway, one day I would have this soup, the next day that soup, and I would eat appetizers and bread before that. I really ate a lot, plus desserts. In winter, I ate chestnut flour, which is all starch and sugar. I could really eat. Back then, the steaks were so big that we would order two for four people, so each person got half, which was just right.
+
+On the east side of the road at Dongdan, there was the Star and Moon Restaurant (Xingyue Canting), which later turned into a bank branch. In the 1940s, when I was in middle school, I would ride my bike there all by myself to eat. I’d have the macaroni with tomato sauce and an ice cream, and that was it. I would just sign my name and have my family pay the bill later. That meal would probably cost over a hundred yuan today. That is why I feel like Western food today just doesn't taste right. It is a real shame that the Fusheng Canteen (Fusheng Shitang) didn't pass down its business, so it is gone forever.
+
+Born in the South of the City (Sheng Zai Cheng Nan): Not Inferior to Men—Oral accounts by Li Bin and Xiao Cheng. Written by Ding Yizhuang (Note by Wang Dongsi: The narrator is the younger sister of the famous conductor Li Delun).
+
+**14. Zengqingzhai on Yiliu Hutong outside Di'anmen.**
+
+When I was a teenager, I was an apprentice at Zengqingzhai near the Back Gate (Houmen, also known as Di'anmen)... What did we sell? They sold pastries, and in the summer, they sold river produce like lotus root, water caltrops, and eight-treasure lotus seed porridge (babao lianzi zhou). All this river food came from Zengqingzhai, and they also sold ice cream. That is what we made back home. Later, when I made ice cream in Jiuxianqiao, I used what I learned here. Where did we sell it? In the middle of Shichahai, they drove piles into the lake bed, laid down boards, and connected them to build several room-like structures. They sold everything there—all kinds of food like fried dough rings (youzhuozi), eight-treasure lotus seed porridge (babao lianzi zhou), fox nuts (jitoumi), gorgon fruit (qianshimi), lotus seed pods, and all sorts of lotus root, like white lotus root. It was all kinds of cold snacks, really: dried fruit (guozigan), sour plum drink (suanmeitang), ice cream, and shaved ice (xuehualao). I carried everything there on a shoulder pole and set up my stall.
+
+Born in the South of the City: Businesses Run by Hui Muslims—as told by Man Hengliang. Written by Ding Yizhuang.
+
+**Xicheng District**
+
+**1. Ruizhenhou inside Zhongshan Park**
+
+**Century-old Ruizhenhou**
+
+Inside Zhongshan Park, there used to be an old antique shop called Ruizhenhou, which opened in 1917. The name Ruizhenhou has a specific meaning: Rui stands for good luck and the sweet olive flower (ruixiang). Zhen means rare treasures, pearls, jade, and gemstones. Hou means being tolerant and kind, and treating people with honesty. Business was very successful after it opened, and it quickly became famous throughout Beijing. To make it easier to host guests and discuss business, the owner added a tea area and served food in the shop. There is an accurate written record about this: In 1917, the Zhongshan Park Board of Directors built 18 high-ceilinged rooms between Chunming Hall and Shanglinchun, with corridors on the east and west sides, to rent out to shops. One of these was the Ruizhenhou antique shop, which was opened by Hui Muslims.
+
+By 1950, this business was no longer doing well. Owner Ma You'an used his business sense to realize the park lacked a decent halal restaurant, so he turned his antique shop into one. He hired the famous chef Ma Deqi to run the kitchen, and his halal dishes, especially his braised beef (wei niurou), quickly became famous in Beijing. Ma Deqi learned from Chu Lianxiang (known in the industry as Chu Xiang), a master who pioneered Beijing halal cuisine. Chu Xiang was once a royal chef who combined traditional Hui Muslim stir-frying, roasting, and hot pot techniques with cooking styles from both northern and southern China to create a unique Beijing halal flavor. As the top student among Chu Xiang's eight main disciples, Ma Deqi mastered his teacher's skills. The grand banquets Ruizhenhou offered, such as the whole lamb feast (quanyang xi), fish maw feast (yudu xi), and shark fin feast (yuchi xi), were far beyond what ordinary restaurants could prepare. Soon after opening, the restaurant became as famous as the long-standing Han Chinese restaurant Laijinyuxuan, also located in Zhongshan Park, and was always packed with customers. Mr. Ma Lianliang's birthday was on the tenth day of the first lunar month. Every year on this day, he would visit Ruizhenhou. When he was happy, he would personally name his favorite dish 'duck paste bread' (ya ni mian bao) and always ordered it. Because of this, the reputation of Ruizhenhou restaurant grew stronger and stronger.
+
+In the early 1960s, due to a shortage of beef and mutton, Ruizhenhou was forced to become a halal snack shop. Parents visiting Zhongshan Park would always stop by the snack bar to buy something for their children, even if it was just a piece of fried cake (zhagao). When the Cultural Revolution began, the halal snack shops closed down. In the early 1980s, to support ethnic policies, the former Dongcheng Catering Company worked to bring back the famous old brand Ruizhenhou Restaurant. They reopened it at its current location at 1 South Dongsisi Street in 1982 and renamed the halal shop Ruizhenhou Restaurant. Today, third-generation chefs continue to carry on the unique halal flavors of Ruizhenhou.
+
+The restaurant has a professionally trained lamb slicer named Master Zhao Delu, who is nicknamed Zhao the One-Knife. He started at the shop in 1981 to learn how to debone, select, and slice lamb, and he has been doing this for over 20 years. He has his own unique skills. He chooses tender young lambs weighing 35 jin, then removes the thin membrane and tendons. After cooling the meat (known in the trade as cold-setting), the blood and meat blend together, making the red and white parts distinct before it can be used. Finally, he slices it into thin, even pieces that look beautiful with their alternating red and white colors. Dip thin slices of meat into a charcoal hot pot (huoguo) that smells of wood, letting the woody scent blend with the meat. The meat stays tender even after long cooking, and the thin slices do not break. Served with carefully prepared seasonings, friends and family sit around the table to enjoy the lively and grand atmosphere. The taste is fresh, fragrant, and wonderful. This is the traditional Beijing-style mutton hot pot (shuan yangrou) from Ruizhenhou.
+
+The Sina blog "A Century of Ruizhenhou" by ruiren491112. The blogger, Chen Junyuan, was born in Beijing in 1949 and has lived there for generations.
+
+One day, Lin Kaimo (noted by Wang Dongsi as a master of Go during the Republic of China era) and Xia Renhu (noted by Wang Dongsi as a famous scholar) were playing Go at Chunming Pavilion in Zhongshan Park. They played for so long that they missed dinner. When the game ended, they had to order a bowl of beef noodles at Ruizhenhou, located north of Chunming Pavilion, to satisfy their hunger. At that time, Ruizhenhou was quite famous and had a branch in Zhongshan Park that sold various noodles and snacks. Back then, the noodles at Ruizhenhou were much better than the California beef noodles popular today. They were hand-pulled noodles (chentiaomian) served hot, with a rich, thick broth and plenty of tender, fragrant meat. I don't remember the exact price per bowl, maybe 70 or 80 cents, but it was very popular.
+
+Ruizhenhou is a halal restaurant that still exists today, located at the Dongsi intersection. In the past, it was famous for its deep-fried lamb tails (zha yangwei), crispy stir-fried mung bean jelly (jiao liu geza), braised meat strips (ba routiao), and stewed beef (men niurou).
+
+**Lingering Fragrance: Memories of the Capital by Zhou Shaoliang.**
+
+**2. Kaorouwan inside Xuanwumen**
+
+**Kaorouwan as described by Zhang Zhongxing.**
+
+I forget who I was with, but it was summer, and we went to Kaorouwan to try the grilled beef. The storefront was very simple, just one large room. To the south is the barbecue area with two grills side by side. They look like millstones, featuring a round platform about the size of a dining table with a foot-high iron ring in the center. A slightly raised iron grate sits on top of the ring. The grate is made of iron strips about a centimeter wide placed side by side. The gaps between them are packed with beef fat from constant use. Four rough benches are placed around the round platform for customers to stand at. To the north is a table holding bowls, chopsticks, chopped green onions, chopped cilantro, sesame paste (majiang), soy sauce, and other seasonings. There is also a cutting board for the beef, which holds the meat, knives, and plates. The man cutting the meat is a big guy around fifty years old, likely the shop owner, Mr. Wan. He is quite heavy and wears only a pair of thin trousers, which sit about an inch below his navel. The owner is very capable. Aside from a teenage boy who helps deliver meat and seasonings, he does everything himself, including seating customers and handling the bills. The meat is said to be hand-picked at the meat market early in the morning, and it is sliced well, thin and even.
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_4_of_6____S.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_4_of_6____S.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eef7440e16d9ab2345797fa2570b706fe4162cdd
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+++ b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_4_of_6____S.md
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City (Part 4 of 6) — Section 2 of 2 — Block 2 of 2"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2130"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2130"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:44Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "86565b337c2bdc9a0b375b08c8a48e9ebbe6357d7f100550a7714f1fbfd35618"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City (Part 4 of 6) — Section 2 of 2 — Block 2 of 2
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: East City:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Northern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This final block is 2 of 2.
+
+**Block 2 of 2**
+
+The restaurant has a professionally trained lamb slicer named Master Zhao Delu, who is nicknamed Zhao the One-Knife. He started at the shop in 1981 to learn how to debone, select, and slice lamb, and he has been doing this for over 20 years. He has his own unique skills. He chooses tender young lambs weighing 35 jin, then removes the thin membrane and tendons. After cooling the meat (known in the trade as cold-setting), the blood and meat blend together, making the red and white parts distinct before it can be used. Finally, he slices it into thin, even pieces that look beautiful with their alternating red and white colors. Dip thin slices of meat into a charcoal hot pot (huoguo) that smells of wood, letting the woody scent blend with the meat. The meat stays tender even after long cooking, and the thin slices do not break. Served with carefully prepared seasonings, friends and family sit around the table to enjoy the lively and grand atmosphere. The taste is fresh, fragrant, and wonderful. This is the traditional Beijing-style mutton hot pot (shuan yangrou) from Ruizhenhou.
+
+The Sina blog "A Century of Ruizhenhou" by ruiren491112. The blogger, Chen Junyuan, was born in Beijing in 1949 and has lived there for generations.
+
+One day, Lin Kaimo (noted by Wang Dongsi as a master of Go during the Republic of China era) and Xia Renhu (noted by Wang Dongsi as a famous scholar) were playing Go at Chunming Pavilion in Zhongshan Park. They played for so long that they missed dinner. When the game ended, they had to order a bowl of beef noodles at Ruizhenhou, located north of Chunming Pavilion, to satisfy their hunger. At that time, Ruizhenhou was quite famous and had a branch in Zhongshan Park that sold various noodles and snacks. Back then, the noodles at Ruizhenhou were much better than the California beef noodles popular today. They were hand-pulled noodles (chentiaomian) served hot, with a rich, thick broth and plenty of tender, fragrant meat. I don't remember the exact price per bowl, maybe 70 or 80 cents, but it was very popular.
+
+Ruizhenhou is a halal restaurant that still exists today, located at the Dongsi intersection. In the past, it was famous for its deep-fried lamb tails (zha yangwei), crispy stir-fried mung bean jelly (jiao liu geza), braised meat strips (ba routiao), and stewed beef (men niurou).
+
+**Lingering Fragrance: Memories of the Capital by Zhou Shaoliang.**
+
+**2. Kaorouwan inside Xuanwumen**
+
+**Kaorouwan as described by Zhang Zhongxing.**
+
+I forget who I was with, but it was summer, and we went to Kaorouwan to try the grilled beef. The storefront was very simple, just one large room. To the south is the barbecue area with two grills side by side. They look like millstones, featuring a round platform about the size of a dining table with a foot-high iron ring in the center. A slightly raised iron grate sits on top of the ring. The grate is made of iron strips about a centimeter wide placed side by side. The gaps between them are packed with beef fat from constant use. Four rough benches are placed around the round platform for customers to stand at. To the north is a table holding bowls, chopsticks, chopped green onions, chopped cilantro, sesame paste (majiang), soy sauce, and other seasonings. There is also a cutting board for the beef, which holds the meat, knives, and plates. The man cutting the meat is a big guy around fifty years old, likely the shop owner, Mr. Wan. He is quite heavy and wears only a pair of thin trousers, which sit about an inch below his navel. The owner is very capable. Aside from a teenage boy who helps deliver meat and seasonings, he does everything himself, including seating customers and handling the bills. The meat is said to be hand-picked at the meat market early in the morning, and it is sliced well, thin and even.
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_5_of_6.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_5_of_6.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d7e6d9ca667d52e867f685d915eaa8b0faf8c409
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_5_of_6.md
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City (Part 5 of 6)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2100"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2100"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:43Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "5a16b9b5a53798f873ab133c1fca184c04862f22aee7b0633bcc836809639b3b"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City (Part 5 of 6)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: East City:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Northern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This is part 5 of 6.
+
+**Part 5 of 6**
+
+When we arrived, the shop owner pointed to the young waiter as soon as we walked in and said, "Two people, seat them over there." The waiter then asked how much we wanted to eat and immediately brought over the meat and seasonings. Following the Beijing custom, we put our right foot on the ground and rested our left foot on the bench, then used long bamboo chopsticks to dip the meat slices in seasoning and place them on the grill. The grill was heated by a type of pine wood that produced very little smoke and had a faint, pleasant scent. The grill was very hot, and the meat slices sizzled the moment they touched it. After flipping them a few times, they were ready to eat. We had a sip of white liquor (baijiu) with each bite of meat, which felt a bit like being in a Mongolian yurt beyond the Great Wall. Toward the end of the meal, we stopped drinking and were served sesame flatbread (shaobing). We ate the flatbread with the grilled meat and finished with a bowl of porridge, which left us completely full. After putting down our bowls and chopsticks, we heard the shop owner calculating the bill: so much for this and that, with each unit of ten copper coins called a diao, adding it all up to the final total. Even while calculating the bill, he kept his knife moving and continued to slice. I was very satisfied with this meal and will definitely want to come back again. Every visit is rewarding. Eating well is one thing, but it is even more interesting to watch the owner’s style. With his big belly exposed, he stays busy but never flustered, truly living up to the description of being open and at ease.
+
+**Fuxuan Suohua by Zhang Zhongxing**
+
+**Kaorou Wan as described by Jin Shoushen.**
+
+The owner of Kaorou Wan, Old Wan the Fifth, originally ran a stall selling flatbreads (bing). Back in the days when it was popular to sell grilled meat (zhengpao rou) from small carts, the Wan family was already selling grilled meat on a round iron plate (zhizi kaorou). They set up their stall at the west entrance of An'er Hutong. As time passed and business grew, they set up a shed to sell the meat and expanded from one iron grill plate to two. Every day, carriages and horses filled the entrance, yet the shop remained just a shed. Kaorou Wan uses only high-quality young beef (kaorou wan specializes in beef), which makes the meat tender and delicious. Wan Laowu is very skilled. He hand-cuts about 100 jin of beef every day. He handles all the sales himself, cutting meat and calculating the bill at the same time. He is so focused that he never makes a mistake, even with the price of a single cucumber.
+
+**Life in Old Beijing by Jin Shoushen, Kaorou Wan.**
+
+Kaorou Wan uses fuel like pine cones and pine branches that give off a fragrant scent while grilling. The fire at Kaorou Wan burns bright, and you can smell the pine aroma from far away.
+
+Inside Kaorou Wan, the tables have special iron grills (zhizi) where diners grill the meat as they eat. First, marinate the meat slices in a sauce made of ginger juice, soy sauce, shrimp sauce (luxiayou), tomato, and egg white. Then, grease the grill with sheep tail fat and heat it up. When you are ready to eat, spread the sliced green onions on the hot grill and start cooking the meat. When the meat is almost cooked, sprinkle on some chopped cilantro and flip the slices. The beef tastes best when it turns purple, and the lamb tastes best when it turns pinkish-white. It is tender, smooth, juicy, and lean without being dry.
+
+**Time-Honored Brand: Wang Hong, Kaorou Wan.**
+
+Kaorou Wan is famous and busy because they pick high-quality meat, slice it thinly, use a full range of seasonings, and make it taste delicious. Kaorou Wan sends people to the beef and mutton market in Madian outside Deshengmen to buy fat sheep from north of the pass. The way Kaorou Wan slices meat is a family skill. They require every slice to be three inches long, one inch wide, and as thin as paper. This way, the meat on the grill (zhizi) cooks through, making it easy for customers to chew and swallow. You cannot have barbecue without green onions. They are cut into half-inch diagonal pieces for customers to use while grilling. Each customer gets a blue-rimmed porcelain bowl in front of them, filled with seasonings like dark soy sauce, sesame oil, cooking wine, sugar, chopped green onions, minced ginger, minced garlic, and salt. Back then, Kaorouwan let customers grill their own meat. Each person held a pair of wooden chopsticks over a foot long, stood with one foot on a bench and the other on the ground, and ate while they grilled.
+
+**Beijing's Commercial Streets and Time-Honored Brands by Wang Yongbin, Kaorouwan in 1930.**
+
+On the east side of the street inside Xuanwumen, near Rongxian Hutong, there used to be a small shop (really just a food stall) that only sold grilled beef. This was the famous Kaorouwan. This Kaorouwan has many unique features. Although the restaurant is small, it has been family-run for six generations. When I was around twenty years old, back in about 1930, the person running the place was a man over forty. Following the custom of Hui Muslims, Beijingers respectfully called him Wanba, which means Master Wan. He had a large head, thick eyebrows, and bright, piercing eyes. He was short and sturdy, moved quickly, and had a sharp mind with great organizational skills. He was very strict about choosing meat and only used the chuck (shangnao). His meat-slicing technique was fast and skillful. He cut large, thin slices that were free of gristle and veins, making the meat incredibly tender and rich. The beef had a milky aroma and tasted delicious when grilled, which is why Kaorou Wan has kept its fame for so long.
+
+Kaorou Wan was just a small shop with two gray sheds set up on the sidewalk by the road. It was divided into an inner and outer room. The inner room held two grilling plates (zhizi). Because so many people came to eat, they used extra-large ones, with a diameter of up to three feet, set over a fire basin with an iron ring. Below were large round tables, and each table could fit ten people standing around it. People eating the grilled meat had no seats. They would stand with one foot on a long bench. All the seasonings, meat, bowls, flatbreads (bing), and wine were placed on the edge of the round table. Diners held wooden chopsticks two feet long—as thick as rattan, otherwise you could not reach the grill through the crowd—and waved their arms to eat heartily. You can imagine how wild and rugged the scene was. Beef is sold by the bowl, with each full bowl weighing ten taels (liang) by the old scale, and half-bowls are also available. For an average adult, ten taels is enough, and those with a bigger appetite can just add half a bowl more. Condiments are sold individually, such as a small dish of green onions or soy sauce, and you can add or remove items like sesame flatbread (shaobing) as you like. You had to bring your own liquor at first, but later they started selling liquor too, at two taels per bowl. Back then, a full meal for one person cost five or six jiao, which was a big expense. An ordinary person could eat a simple meal at a small restaurant without liquor for less than two jiao, so spending five or six jiao on a meal was considered extravagant for most residents.
+
+Every late autumn, the smell of roasted meat would drift through Xuanwumen Street, which was quite tempting. The customers were mostly working-class people and ordinary citizens; the wealthy and powerful never came here. Later, Kaorou Wan became famous. Wealthy and powerful families heard about it, came to taste the delicious roast beef, and spread the word. Soon, prominent figures arrived in cars with their servants, and even noblewomen dripping in jewelry came to visit. These people did not mind losing their status, squeezing in between sweaty, hungry men to eat roast meat with long wooden chopsticks. Master Wan was not moved by this. He did not consider setting up a private room, nor did he stand up to flatter or entertain them. He kept doing things his own way and treated everyone the same. This style was a valuable quality among small Beijing merchants at the time.
+
+Kaorou Wan not only had excellent meat, but Master Wan also had a unique, simple, and meticulous style, skilled and refined techniques, a sharp mind, and an organized memory. These things left a deep impression in my observations and memories. Since he only had a small business with two gray sheds, he did not have many staff. Besides himself, I remember there were only two young assistants. They just ran back and forth, moved supplies, and washed the bowls and chopsticks. Besides keeping the accounts, greeting guests, and looking after their coats, his main job was standing at the counter to slice meat. He was so skilled at slicing meat that even when twenty people ate at once, he never ran out. When the place was packed and people were bumping into each other looking for seats, he kept his eyes and ears open. He muttered calculations, sliced meat without stopping, greeted guests, and made sure people were served in the order they arrived. This person arrived first, please sit over there. Please wait a moment, you arrived just after this person. While doing all this, he also collected money and nodded goodbye to guests. At the same time, he noticed if someone took the wrong umbrella or where someone else had hung their hat and coat. His calm and organized way of working was truly amazing.
+
+**Memories of Snacks: Jin Yunzhen**
+
+**3. Hui Muslim beef and mutton shop inside Xuanwumen**
+
+To the east of Liaoyuan Department Store, there used to be a Hui Muslim beef and mutton shop. It was the first shop on the west side of the north entrance of Xuannei Street before it was torn down for road expansion. The door is on the north side. Through the glass window on the south side, you can see the owner selling goods with high-quality beef and mutton behind him. This Hui Muslim beef and mutton shop had unique features, the first being its name. Shops selling halal beef and mutton are called beef and mutton shops or mutton shops, never just meat shops. The second feature is how they sell the meat. All the beef and mutton for sale is hung up on hooks. The third feature is how customers ask for meat. When a customer comes to buy meat, the shopkeeper asks how they plan to cook it—stewed, braised, or flash-fried—and then selects the right cut for them. Fourth, the knife technique. When using the knife, the shopkeeper grips the handle with their thumb, middle, ring, and little fingers, while resting their index finger on the spine of the blade. Fifth, the packaging. In summer and autumn, they wrap the meat in fresh lotus leaves, and in winter and spring, they use dried lotus leaves before handing it to the customer to carry away.
+
+This Hui Muslim beef and lamb shop sells homemade roasted lamb (shao yangrou) every day after 4:00 p.m., and you can smell the delicious aroma all around the neighborhood. You can spend two or three jiao to buy some roasted lamb and ask the shopkeeper to let you take a bottle of old broth (laotang) on credit, then go home and pour the stewed meat broth over noodles for a truly great dinner.
+
+Memories of the shops at the Xidan Archway from 'Past Stories of Xicheng, Beijing 7'. Ma Enci
+
+**4. Youyishun Restaurant at the Xidan intersection inside Xuanwumen**
+
+**Fried dough cakes (youbing) from Youyishun Snack Bar**
+
+At that time (Wang Dongsi: 1970s), Youyishun Snack Bar occupied four and a half storefronts. The dining area was spacious with over 20 square tables, seating more than 120 people at once. However, more breakfast customers stood to eat than sat down. Just the breakfast production and service staff numbered over 20 people. For breakfast, they fried four bags of flour (200 jin) into dough cakes. Four people working two frying pans had to make about 2,000 dough cakes. Because they opened four windows for sales, four long lines formed as soon as they opened the doors. With such high sales, they could not keep up if they fried the dough cakes to order. They had to fry 500 of them before opening. If they placed them in enamel trays, the poor airflow would make them soft. They used specially made rectangular wire racks and had to fry them a bit crispier to ensure they did not go limp or collapse. Deep-frying until crispy uses more oil, which naturally lowers the profit margin, but we choose lower profits to ensure quality. Business hours are from 6:00 to 13:00, with daily sales around 1,000 yuan, and 400 to 500 yuan of that is sold in just the first two hours of breakfast. The shop assistant has to collect food stamps and cash while handing goods to customers, a job that requires a quick mind and fast hands and feet. The shop assistants are all young women around 20 years old, and after two hours of busy work, they take turns resting for a moment, which they call catching their breath.
+
+Beijing Cultural and Historical Data: Youyishun and Beijing Snacks. Ling Enyue (Wang Dongsi: The author was an employee at Youyishun in the 1970s).
+
+**5. Dong Siba's spiced lamb head (jiangyangtou) inside Deshengmen**
+
+For red-style sheep head (hongzuo yangtou), besides the roasted sheep head sold at mutton shops in summer, there is also soy-sauce sheep head (jiang yangtou). Braised lamb head (jiang yangtou) also comes from outside Deshengmen. The inventor was Dong Siba. His braised lamb head has a deep flavor, and the 'walnut meat' part is especially interesting. Dong set up his stall at the entrance of Yixing Wine Vat (now changed to Beiyixing) north of Guozishi inside Deshengmen. Over time, he gained many customers, and some even wanted to sell his goods wholesale. It gradually became a workshop for braised lamb head, where he not only sold it himself but also produced it in large quantities for others.
+
+**The Life of Old Beijingers by Jin Shushen**
+
+**6. Xue Siba's steamed lamb (zhengyangrou) outside Deshengmen**
+
+Regarding steamed lamb (zheng yangrou), the 'Dumen Jilue' only says, 'Steamed lamb, meat stall on the east side of Madian Road outside Deshengmen.' This is correct, but it is not very detailed. The inventor of steamed lamb was Xue Sanba from the Daoguang era. He was a Hui Muslim who lived in Madian outside Deshengmen. It is still a secret recipe of the Xue family, located on the west side of Guanxiang Road in Deshengmen. There are imitations, but the taste is nowhere near as good as what the Xue family makes. To make steamed lamb, select the finest lamb and cut it into large squares. Coat the raw meat thoroughly with yellow bean paste (huangjiang), add Sichuan peppercorns and five-spice powder, and let it marinate in a jar for three days. Take it out and steam it until cooked. The flavor goes deep, and it melts in your mouth like cheese. The difference between the real and the fake is that the real one has bright, clear colors and no bits of lamb spilling out. The second point is that the saltiness is even because it is braised in sauce before being steamed; it is not too salty, yet it can stay fresh for a long time without spoiling. The third point is that it melts in your mouth and does not have the problem of having tough, fatty bits.
+
+**The Life of Old Beijingers by Jin Shushen**
+
+**7. Yang's lamb stall (yangrouchuangzi) on Guanxiang Street at Deshengmen**
+
+The Yang Family Lamb Shop (Yangji Yangrou Chuangzi) does not have a large storefront. The two-room front is the business area, while the small courtyard and three rooms in the back are used for raising sheep, slaughtering sheep, and housing the shop staff. The storefront of the Yang Family Lamb Shop consists of two rooms. One room is where they sell the lamb, featuring a plain, unpainted wooden cutting board (baicha) about 7 feet long and 4 feet wide, placed right under the window. They open the window to start business. Customers cannot enter the shop and must stand outside the cutting board to buy meat. Because the butcher's block for cutting meat was long and wide, like a bed, people called lamb shops lamb beds (yangrou chuangzi). In the past, lamb shops in Beijing were all set up this way. Another part of the shop had a wooden door, and outside the window next to it sat an oil table with bamboo steamers holding steaming hot white flour lamb and cabbage buns (baizi).
+
+This Yang's Lamb Bed also sold white flour lamb buns. They bought their sheep at the Madian Sheep Market on the north side of the Deshengmen gate. They went to the market every four or five days, bringing back about ten fat, big-tailed white sheep each time to keep in the backyard pen for a few days before slaughtering them. With a steady rotation of sheep in the pen, they never ran out of stock and always had fresh, tender meat from live sheep to slaughter.
+
+On a normal day, they sold two sheep, but when autumn arrived, they were busiest and could sell three or four sheep a day. The white flour lamb and cabbage buns at Yang's Lamb Bed had thin skins, big fillings, plenty of meat, and a great taste. They were famous for a time, and with so many people buying them, they were sold out every day. Local residents love buying steamed buns (baozi) from Yang's Lamb Stall (Yangji Yangrou Chuangzi). Cart drivers, street vendors, and travelers passing through Deshengmen Gate also come here to buy a few to eat.
+
+**Beijing's Suburban Towns and Old Brands by Wang Yongbin.**
+
+**8. The sheep market (yanghang) in Madian outside Deshengmen**
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_6_of_6.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_6_of_6.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..edc456c766919edb43c70e023ef89ea4f0d8e4cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Northern_City__Part_6_of_6.md
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City (Part 6 of 6)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2101"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2101"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:43Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "9f50c9d2a3706332acbc8b3b8cb961061d9ca5028cd3e150da3ee2de46cde401"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City (Part 6 of 6)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: East City:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Northern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This is part 6 of 6.
+
+**Part 6 of 6**
+
+In the past, Madian Street ran north to south along an ancient road from the Ming and Qing dynasties. On both sides of the main street, lamb trading shops stood side by side. A few eateries and grocery stores were mixed in between them. Madian also had East Back Street and West Back Street. These were mainly residential areas for merchants, though they also had a few lamb shops and supporting businesses like grain shops, duck shops, and food service shops (qinhang).
+
+Because business in Madian was booming and many people passed through, the service industry, especially the restaurant business, was very successful. Before the liberation, the restaurant business was called the food service trade (qinhang). The various snacks in the Madian food service trade were especially famous in northern Beijing. According to the village elders, the main snacks in the Madian area include sheep head meat (yangtou rou), quick-boiled tripe (baodu), mung bean jelly (liangfen), kidney bean cakes (yundou bing), and millet porridge with sesame paste (miancha). Most businesses are small, usually operating from street stalls or mobile carts.
+
+**History and Culture Research of the Garden Road Area in Beijing**
+
+**9. Hui Muslim snack shops inside Xizhimen.**
+
+The halal snack shop is right at the entrance of Xinkai Alley. Inside, there is a wide variety of food like fried cakes (zhagao), sugar-coated ear-shaped fritters (tangerza), fried dough cakes (youbing), and sesame flatbreads (shaobing) piled high in baskets. Dark brown bean flour meatballs (doumian wanzi) float in a large soup pot about one meter in diameter. A fire burns underneath, and steam rises from the pot, which looks like it holds enough food to feed a hundred people for a day. It costs one mao and one liang of food stamps for a big bowl. Drizzle on some sesame paste and vinegar, then add seasonings like MSG and chopped cilantro. It arrives steaming hot with the scent of bean flour, making your mouth water.
+
+The bean flour meatballs are deep-fried and contain thick vermicelli noodles. They are neither sticky nor hard, just right, and taste as savory and crispy as a boiled egg yolk.
+
+Because we arrived late, we got the last two bowls, and the server scooped up all the remaining meatballs floating on top for us. The short-haired server went to the back to rest, leaving the two of us as the only customers in the empty shop. After finishing the meatballs, we could go to the big pot ourselves to ladle out more soup.
+
+When An Heping went to get more soup, he found that even though the meatballs were gone, the bottom of the pot was full of meatball bits that were just as crispy and charred as the whole ones. An was so excited he whispered this discovery to me, his eyes shining like Aladdin finding an endless treasure chest. This was a once-in-a-lifetime chance. While the server was away, we kept an eye on the back room and carefully used the bowl-sized iron ladle to scoop up bits from the pot.
+
+We ate bowl after bowl like royalty, completely satisfying our cravings.
+
+In those simple and hard times, ten cents was a huge luxury, but the ten cents we spent that day became the best value in history. That day was like a bright festival, forever printed in our memories. Sina Blog
+
+Past Events at Xinei (40) - Hui Muslim Snack Shop, by blogger 'Forever Badaowan'
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City.md
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+++ b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City.md
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2091"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2091"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:32Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "7b6916ae5ea17cc32eea749faea3dff90ce5545ac35ba3e080f9c46f828bb09c"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Chongwen:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Southern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+**Table of Contents**
+
+Chongwen:
+
+**1. Douzhi Ding (Jinxin Douzhi Shop) at Huashi outside Chongwenmen**
+
+**2. Rongxiangcheng Hui Muslim snack shop (Jinfang Snack Shop) outside Chongwenmen**
+
+Xuanwu:
+
+**1. Xianbing Porridge Shop at Meishi Bridge outside Qianmen**
+
+**2. Yangtou Ma (Sheep Head Ma) at Langfang Ertiao outside Qianmen**
+
+**3. Yitiaolong Mutton Restaurant outside Qianmen**
+
+**4. Ai's steamed rice cake (aiwowowo) stall on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+**5. Fushunzhai spiced beef shop at the south entrance of Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+**6. Bai's tofu pudding (doufunao) on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+**7. Baodu Feng (quick-boiled tripe) on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+**8. Niangao Wang (Rice Cake King) on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+**9. Mujiazhai at Zangjia Bridge outside Qianmen**
+
+**10. Xiangjugong halal pastry shop on Qianmen Street**
+
+**11. Ha's sesame flatbread (shaobing) shop at Liulichang outside Hepingmen**
+
+**12. Nanlaishun snack shop at Caishikou outside Xuanwumen**
+
+**13. Zhengxingde tea house at Caishikou outside Xuanwumen**
+
+**14. Scalded dough fried cake (tangmian zhagao) at the Hui Muslim breakfast shop a short distance left from the east entrance of Xiangluying Sitiao Hutong outside Xuanwumen**
+
+**15. Jubaoyuan on Niujie**
+
+**16. The large halal canteen at the north entrance of Niujie Street.**
+
+**17. A child selling malt sugar sticks (maiyatang) on Niujie Street.**
+
+**18. A vendor selling sticky rice cake (qiegao) on Niujie Street.**
+
+**19. Steamed corn buns (wotou) from the old neighbors of Niujie Street.**
+
+**20. Soybean paste noodles (zhajiangmian) from the old neighbors of Niujie Street.**
+
+**21. The Barbecue King (Kaorou Wang) at Tianqiao.**
+
+Others:
+
+**1. Hui Muslim businesses roaming the streets and alleys.**
+
+**2. A halal rice cake (niangao) stall at the temple fair.**
+
+**3. Mutton stall (yangrou chuangzi).**
+
+**4. Shopkeeper Hua, who sells beef head meat from a wheelbarrow.**
+
+**5. Bai Family Sesame Flatbread Shop (shaobing pu).**
+
+**6. A roasted mutton stall in the hutong.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ep2dkw.jpg)
+
+**Chongwen.**
+
+**1. Douzhi Ding (Jinxin Douzhi Shop) at Huashi outside Chongwenmen**
+
+Douzhi Ding's stall is in front of the Fire God Temple (Huoshen Miao) on the north side of the road, in the middle-west section of Xihuashi.
+
+The owner of Douzhi Ding's stall is naturally surnamed Ding; he is a Hui Muslim named Ding Derui. His stall is unique. It features a large table over three meters long and one meter wide, with long benches lined up in front. On the table are two glass covers; one protects various pickled vegetables and spicy shredded salted vegetables, while the other holds sesame flatbreads (shaobing), crispy fried dough rings (jiaoquan), and other staples. There are also two wooden signs on the table, carved with eight large characters: 'Hui Muslims from the Western Regions, Douzhi Ding's Shop'. Ding Derui follows old traditions to boil the mung bean milk (douzhi). He uses a large clay pot and a betel nut ladle (binglang shao), simmering it over a low fire while adding raw mung bean milk to the pot as it cooks. He makes his mung bean milk (douzhir) with the perfect thickness, so it does not settle or become watery. It tastes sour, fragrant, and sweet, making it very delicious and addictive.
+
+**Outside Hademen by Zhang Fan**
+
+The stall is located to the left of the Fire God Temple gate in West Huashi. It has tables facing west and opens every day at noon. The table is over 10 feet long with benches in front. Two large glass covers sit on top, protecting large fruit plates filled with pickled cabbage, pickled cucumbers, small pickled radishes, and pickled asparagus. Spicy mustard greens are served with the mung bean milk. In spring, they serve quick-pickled kohlrabi, and in winter, they serve spicy dried radish cubes. Customers who buy fine pickles get chili oil. The food includes sesame flatbread (shaobing) and fried dough rings (jiaoquan).
+
+The owner, surnamed Ding, is a Hui Muslim. He keeps two wooden signs on his table with eight green-painted characters: Western Region Hui, Ding's Mung Bean Milk. Most customers are regulars who visit every day at the same time. On market days, the benches are full, and business is booming. In January 1958, food stalls were merged into cooperatives. Ding's Mung Bean Milk moved to Suanshikou and is now the Jinxin Mung Bean Milk Shop, which still follows the traditions of Ding's Mung Bean Milk.
+
+**Reminiscing about Hademen by Niu Qingshan**
+
+Ding's Mung Bean Milk started as a shoulder-pole business. He was the first to sell it, and he was already famous in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty. People called this Hui Muslim man and his carrying pole Ding's Mung Bean Milk. It was not until 1910 that the third generation of Ding's Mung Bean Milk set up a stall in front of the Fire God Temple in the middle of Huashi Street. They finally had a long table and a permanent large pot. For a mung bean milk business, this was considered very successful. That was a famous open-air snack street in Beijing, second only to Menkuang Hutong. At that time, various stalls lined up in front of the Fire God Temple, stretching east all the way to Yangshikou.
+
+**Blues in the South of the City by Xiao Fuxing**
+
+**2. Rongxiangcheng Hui Muslim snack shop (Jinfang Snack Shop) outside Chongwenmen**
+
+Rongxiangcheng Snack Shop, located at 17 Hademen Outer Street, is a well-known eatery in the Chongwenmen area.
+
+The shop opened in the early Republic of China period. The owner was Man Leting, known as Man Liu, a Hui Muslim from Shandong. The manager was Ai Lianying. The shop's sign, Rongxiangcheng, was inscribed by the famous scholar Jiang Chaozong.
+
+Inside the shop, there is another plaque, Cangzhen, inscribed by the Zhili clique warlord Wu Peifu. The shop started by selling beef and mutton. By the 1940s, business improved significantly, and it expanded from two storefronts to four. As the business grew, they changed their strategy to combine the mutton trade with the snack trade (qin hang).
+
+In the past, Beijing mutton shops were called mutton trades (yang hang), and their business was very seasonal. Since spring and summer are the growing seasons for sheep, they could not be slaughtered until after autumn. Because of this, people in the trade said, 'The mutton business is idle for half the year.' Old Beijingers also said, 'When visiting graves at Qingming, the mutton sellers close their doors.' To change this idle period, the shop adapted to market needs by buying Japanese refrigeration equipment. During spring and summer, they sold homemade popsicles, soda, and other frozen foods (leng shi). In autumn and winter, they focused on mutton again. This change kept them busy all year and made the shop's name increasingly famous.
+
+In Beijing, this combined business model was common, with different terms: two shops under one manager was called 'four edges' (si ba bian), and renting out a portion to others was called 'carrying a robe' (tiao pao). Rongxiangcheng was the former, and their snack section focused on frozen foods, which was quite new at the time.
+
+Just before the liberation, war blocked mutton shipments from Inner Mongolia to Beijing. The mutton trade plummeted, and Rongxiangcheng was no exception. At this time, Man Kaiqi, a fellow townsman of Man Leting, came to the shop. He came from a background in a traditional pastry shop (bobo pu). In the old snack trade, a pastry shop was considered lower in status than a bakery but higher than a restaurant. Rongxiangcheng simply stopped selling mutton and switched to snacks and frozen foods. Man Kaiqi's skills were put to good use. Under his management, they offered up to 20 varieties of snacks: sticky rice cake (qiegao), fried cake (zhagao), sesame ball (matuan), fried dough twist (mahua), sweet rice ball (yuanxiao), sugar ear (tangerduo), steamed rice cake (aiwowo), soybean flour cake (lvdagun), apricot tea (xingcha), millet porridge (miancha), tofu pudding (doufunao), sesame flatbread (shaobing), fried dough cake (youbing), and bean paste bun (doubao). This made Rongxiangcheng a famous Hui Muslim snack shop in the Chongwai area.
+
+After the Cultural Revolution, Rongxiangcheng was renamed Jinfang Snack Shop. In the mid-1990s, due to the expansion of Chongwai Street, the shop moved to the Tianqiao intersection for a time. Its current location is on the east side of the south entrance of Chongwai Street. This time-honored shop in the South City has started its glorious journey once again.
+
+**Reminiscing about Hademen by Niu Qingshan**
+
+The place that stays in my memory the most is Jinfang Snack Shop. When I first returned to Beijing, it was winter, and it was still pitch black when I got up early for work. I didn't have time to eat breakfast at home, so I pushed my bike through the underpass and across the railway; down the slope was Baiqiao Street, and further west was Huashi Street. There were few people in the morning, the streetlights were dim, and it was very quiet; the northwest wind blowing head-on was so strong it made it hard to open my mouth. Luckily, after riding a short distance, I could see the bright lights of Jinfang Snack Shop on the north side of the road ahead. I locked my bike and lifted the cotton door curtain to go inside; the heat rushed into my face, and more than half of the chill on my body disappeared at once. My favorite thing to eat in this shop is the millet flour porridge (miancha); it is thick, fragrant, and hot enough to burn your mouth. You cannot rush drinking millet flour porridge; there is a trick to it: regular customers never use chopsticks or spoons, they rotate the bowl and drink from the edge, finishing it until the bottom is clean. With these two crispy fried dough rings (jiaoquan) and a bowl of millet flour porridge in my stomach, my whole body felt warm, and the next 40 minutes of the journey wouldn't leave me frozen with a twisted face and numb hands and feet.
+
+Reading Beijing Figures: Impressions of Huashi (Postscript). Written by Chen Guangzhong.
+
+**Xuanwu.**
+
+**1. Xianbing Porridge Shop at Meishi Bridge outside Qianmen**
+
+There are two meat pie and porridge shops at Meishi Bridge, and they are halal restaurants. These two shops have the same owner; one is on the east side of the road and the other is on the west, which is called one owner running two shops. They are open 24 hours a day without interruption; when the east shop puts up its door panels to close, the west shop takes its panels down to open, so customers can always get meat pies and porridge. Since it is a meat pie and porridge shop, the meat pies are naturally their specialty. The meat pies are filled with beef, also known as meat cakes (roubing); they are large, full of filling, and oily, which really satisfies a craving. If a guest asks for a full-sized meat pie (roubing), it is much larger than the standard version, measuring about 1.2 feet in diameter. Even someone with a big appetite cannot finish half of one.
+
+**Cuisine of East Beijing by Wu Zhengge**
+
+**2. Yangtou Ma (Sheep Head Ma) at Langfang Ertiao outside Qianmen**
+
+Beijing lamb head is a local specialty. It is sliced as thin as paper and sprinkled with salt and pepper powder. Lamb head meat includes the cheek (lianzi), the tongue and root (xinzi), the roof of the mouth (tianhuaban), the tongue tip (tongtianti), the eyes, the hooves, and the tendons. Aside from the tendons, the cheek meat has the deepest flavor. The sellers of lamb head meat are all Hui Muslims. There was only one halal stall, located at the back door of the Yuxing Restaurant on Langfang Second Alley. The owner was a man named Ma who sold his own goods. Unlike other workshops that sold wholesale without cleaning, his meat was clean. He added five-spice powder to his salt and pepper, making it extra fragrant and clean. He also sold boiled beef tripe (niudu) at a very low price.
+
+**The Life of Old Beijingers by Jin Shushen**
+
+At the west entrance of Menkuang Hutong, there was a lamb head meat stall in front of the Yuxing Restaurant that was considered a famous local snack of the area. The vendor arrived every day near dusk. He brought his own light bulb and wire, which he connected to the restaurant's power to light up his stall. He used a special knife, one foot long and five inches wide, to slice the cheek, tongue (xinzi), and eyes for customers to enjoy with their drinks. When he sliced the cheek, he made it so thin it was almost transparent. He laid it on white paper, sprinkled salt and pepper from a long-necked glass bottle, mixed it by hand, and then wrapped it up. It tasted delicious. Customers loved the taste of the meat and admired the vendor's skill. Every night when the lights came on, a crowd would gather at the intersection of Langfang Second Alley and Menkuang Hutong to watch him slice the meat. People traveled from far away to Menkuang Hutong just to eat this lamb head meat. I once asked about that Hui Muslim vendor. I only knew his surname was Ma and he lived on Niujie. He likely passed away after the Cultural Revolution, and I do not know what happened to him.
+
+**Ye Zufu Talks About Beijing by Ye Zufu**
+
+**3. Yitiaolong Mutton Restaurant outside Qianmen**
+
+Yitiao Long Lamb Restaurant processes its meat carefully and slices it very thin. After slaughtering and skinning the lamb, they select only the hind legs. They place the meat on a clean surface with natural water, cover it with a reed mat, place an oilcloth over the mat, and put a block of ice on top. This is called pressed meat (yarou). The meat is pressed for a full day and night to draw out the blood and impurities, which makes the meat firm and easy to slice. This pressed meat (ya rou) is better than frozen meat because frozen meat, like frozen cabbage, breaks down the lamb's texture and makes it lose its tender, savory flavor, which makes it taste bad. Yilong is just like Zhengyanglou; they slice the meat thinly and serve it on plates according to the cut. The seasonings are complete.
+
+When eating hot pot lamb (shuan yangrou), people usually eat sesame flatbread (shaobing) as their staple food. The sesame flatbread (shaobing) at Nanhengshun (Wang Dongsi: Yilong's original name is Nanhengshun) is also different from other places; for every basin of dough, they use ten jin of flour, with nine jin of plain flour and one jin of leavened dough. Ten jin of flour requires one jin and two liang of sesame paste. The sesame flatbread (shaobing) is first seared on a griddle, then baked in an oven, searing the bottom first and then the sesame-topped side (just for a quick touch). This kind of sesame flatbread (shaobing) has plenty of sauce, is cooked through, and is perfectly flaky and crisp.
+
+When customers are almost full, they order a bowl of Nanhengshun's homemade, thin and uniform mung bean mixed noodles (lvdou zamian) served dry. Mung bean mixed noodles (lvdou zamian) are great for cutting through the greasiness of meat; a bowl of these noodles absorbs the floating oil from the hot pot and cleanses the palate, making these thin and uniform noodles another specialty of Nanhengshun.
+
+**Miscellaneous Talks on Old Beijing by Wang Yongbin.**
+
+**4. Ai's steamed rice cake (aiwowowo) stall on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+It is currently the first lunar month, the time when ai'ou wowos are on the market. Beijing's ai'ou wowos are similar to Fengtian's cool rice cakes (lianggao) and are both sold during the first lunar month, but ai'ou wowos are soft and delicious, and cannot be compared to cool rice cakes (lianggao). Cool rice cakes (lianggao) are made by steaming glutinous rice flour, using it as a wrapper, filling it with sesame and white sugar, and sprinkling it with rice flour. On the surface, they look like ai'ou wowos, but they are essentially just a variation of sticky rice cakes (niangao); after a while, when the wind blows on them, they still get hard.
+
+Ai'ou wowos are made by boiling whole glutinous rice grains until cooked, waiting for all the steam to evaporate, and then putting them in a basin to form a soft, fluffy texture. Using this rice-grain texture, they wrap in various sweet fillings, sprinkle with glutinous rice flour, and add red dots to distinguish the types of fillings. This item is called an ai'ou wowo, which is also a type of cold snack. Isn't the Changdian temple fair happening right now? Ai'ou wowos are a seasonal treat, but for the best-looking and best-tasting ones, go to the entrance of Tongle Teahouse on Menkuang Hutong. There is a small cart there that is kept very clean. A Hui Muslim man sells ai'ou wowos there throughout the year. He uses real glutinous rice and good fillings. Eating a couple of his is a unique experience that you must try.
+
+**Beijing Dream Splendor Record by Mu Ruga.**
+
+**5. Fushunzhai Beef Shop on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen.**
+
+We must start with the famous Fushunzhai beef shop at the south entrance of the hutong. Its spiced beef (jiang niurou) is tender and delicious, easily matching the spiced lamb (jiang yangrou) from Yueshengzhai. They also use a pot of original beef broth to cook meat for sale every day, with a set amount sold at specific times, and it sells out very quickly. The shopkeeper is a Hui Muslim named Liu. Later, this spiced beef shop moved to Qianmen Street and merged with Yueshengzhai.
+
+**Ye Zufu Talks About Beijing by Ye Zufu**
+
+**6. Baodu Feng in Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen.**
+
+Menkuang Hutong is full of individual stalls run by Hui Muslims. They pay attention to the hygiene of their utensils, and their food focuses on color, aroma, and taste, which attracts many customers and has earned them quite a reputation. Take Baodu Feng, which sells quick-boiled tripe (baodu). The lamb tripe and tripe kernels (duren) are cooked to the perfect texture—neither too tough nor too soft. The sauces, including fermented bean curd (jiang furu), chive flower paste (jiucaihua), and sesame paste (zhima jiang), are fresh and tasty, so the stall is full of customers every day who come for their fame.
+
+**Ye Zufu Talks About Beijing by Ye Zufu**
+
+**7. Bai's Tofu Pudding (doufunao) in Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen.**
+
+Bai's Tofu Pudding is run by an elderly man named Bai. The tofu pudding is incredibly white and tender. The mushroom and lamb gravy (koumo zha yangrou lu) smells so good that it makes your mouth water from far away. When you eat it, you add chili oil or garlic sauce, which is truly wonderful. It is no wonder that many financial professionals in suits squeeze into the market, hunching over on small, narrow stools to enjoy this unique tofu pudding.
+
+Bai's Tofu Pudding has a branch stall at the entrance of Guanghe Tower in the meat market, specifically for theatergoers watching Peking opera. Baodu Feng and Bai's Tofu Pudding also sell freshly baked sesame flatbreads (shaobing). Some individual vendors even bring small baskets of these flatbreads here to sell to customers.
+
+**Ye Zufu Talks About Beijing by Ye Zufu**
+
+**8. Niangao Wang (Rice Cake King) on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+Nian Gao Wang sells traditional northern-style rice cakes (niangao). They are made from glutinous rice or glutinous rice flour, with layers of red bean paste in the middle and topped with shredded green or red silk. Sometimes they also sell pea flour cakes (wandouhuang). In the summer, these rice cakes are kept on large blocks of natural ice to keep them cool and refreshing. In the winter, they are steamed in small bamboo steamers (longti) to keep them soft and hot. When selling them in winter, the vendor takes a plate of steaming rice cakes from the steamer and adds a spoonful of white sugar, making them taste even better.
+
+**Ye Zufu Talks About Beijing by Ye Zufu**
+
+**9. Mujiazhai at Zangjia Bridge outside Qianmen**
+
+My grandmother's family ran a restaurant outside Qianmen at Zangjiaqiao called Mujiazhai, also known as Guangfuguan. If you ask the elders in the southern part of the city, they usually know it. The stir-fried dough bits (chaogeda) at Guangfuguan were made by my grandmother's family. My great-grandmother was a widow. To make a living, she set up a noodle stall selling rice porridge and flour-based foods to passing porters and laborers. My grandmother was also a widow. She managed my great-grandmother's business and worked incredibly hard to build this small restaurant. Two generations of widows ran the place. The name Guangfu uses homophones for the words meaning 'widow's shop.' People say the Little Prince Gong gave it this name to mark it as a widow's restaurant, and that is how it came to be. They specialized in stir-fried dough bits, and this dish became famous.
+
+I heard from my grandmother that the Little Prince Gong loved listening to the operas of Shang Xiaoyun, so he was very close to him. When Shang Xiaoyun first met my grandmother, he thought she looked just like his own mother, from her height to her facial features. He said, 'Old lady, let me adopt you as my godmother!' After saying that, he knelt down and kowtowed, and from then on, she was his godmother. Shang Xiaoyun loved eating stir-fried dough bits, which influenced the Little Prince Gong. He often told the Prince, 'The stir-fried dough bits at my godmother's place are excellent.' The Prince was convinced, so he sent people to carry their own pots, pans, bowls, and stoves to eat there. He held a banquet at Guangfuguan in the private room on the second floor.
+
+My mother invited Madame Mei Lanfang to dinner. Because my mother inherited my grandmother's skills, her stir-fried dough bits tasted different from everyone else's—they really had my grandmother's flavor. She invited Madame Mei, along with Mr. Shang Xiaoyun and his wife, to eat. Shang Xiaoyun was my grandmother's godson, so he just kept eating and eating. Madame Mei said, 'That is enough, brother, stop eating, you are going to burst.'
+
+Born in the South of the City: Decades of Joy and Sorrow on the Stage—Oral history by the three Ma brothers. Ding Yizhuang
+
+(Note by Wang Dongsi: The speaker is Ma Chongnian, nephew of Peking Opera master Ma Lianliang)
+
+**Stir-fried dough bits at Mujiazhai**
+
+Mujiazhai was a small shop, but it was crowded every day with customers waiting to eat the dough bits stir-fried by Sister-in-law Mu herself.
+
+To make stir-fried dough bits, you knead the dough, cut it into dice-sized cubes, and then use your thumb to roll them into small shapes, which we Shanxi people call cat ears (maoerduo). First, you boil them, then stir-fry them with mung bean sprouts, shredded meat, and chives. The juices from the meat and vegetables soak into the dough bits, making them taste the best.
+
+People say Sister-in-law Mu, like the Mapo of Chengdu's Mapo Tofu, first served her neighbors for free before her reputation spread and she became a professional.
+
+In winter at Mujiazhai, you could still eat fresh spring and summer vegetables, such as Chinese toon (xiangchun) mixed with tofu, smashed cucumber, sugar and vinegar pickled dandelion greens (qumacaiya), and small radishes with sesame paste. People say the Mu family restaurant even had a special heated cellar (nuandongzi) to grow these fresh vegetables.
+
+Food of the Hometown: Eating in Beiping. Liu Zhenwei
+
+(Note by Wang Dongsi: The author was born in 1934.)
+
+**10. Xiangjugong halal pastry shop on Qianmen Street**
+
+Wang Dianwen personally oversaw the quality of the pastries (bobo). First, he hired experienced and skilled head pastry chefs (zhang'anren) with high salaries. Second, he insisted on buying high-quality raw materials for making the pastries. Back then, the white flour from Renhe Mill was fine, and the small-mill sesame oil from Xihongmen had a pure flavor; even though they were expensive, Xiangjugong still ordered from them. Sugar and other fruit ingredients were all top-tier products. For example, they paid high prices for the best red and white sugar, bought large thin-skinned walnuts from the Western Hills, sourced locust flower honey, and selected Miyun small dates, Western Hills roses, Shandong pears, Shenzhou honey peaches, and hawthorn jelly (jingao) from Jingao Zhang. Even for eggs, Xiangjugong had specific suppliers. Third, they strictly followed production procedures, from mixing the dough and fruit ingredients to the final baking, being very careful with every step. In the pastry industry, there is a saying: 'Thirty percent making, seventy percent baking.' This means that no matter how carefully or well you do the first few steps, if you do not control the oven fire at the end, the heat might be too high and burn them; or the heat might be too low, and they will not be cooked through. Therefore, in a pastry workshop, besides the head chef, the oven worker is the most important. The head chefs and oven workers hired by Xiangjugong were all highly skilled at the time.
+
+Pastry products are seasonal; in the past, Beijingers ate specific pastries at specific times. For example, people ate sweet rice balls (yuanxiao) on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, sun cakes (taiyanggao) on the second day of the second month for the 'Dragon Raises Its Head' festival, wisteria cakes (tengluobing) when wisteria bloomed in the third month, sticky rice dumplings (zongzi) and five-poison cakes (wudubing) during the Dragon Boat Festival in the fifth month, mung bean cakes (lvdougao) to beat the heat in the sixth and seventh months, red and white mooncakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival in the eighth month, flower cakes (huagao) for the 'climbing high' custom in the ninth month, and in the cold winter months, wealthy families ate hibiscus cakes (furonggao), while ordinary families ate oven-fired cakes (ganglu)—which were pastries made while testing the oven temperature that had rough, broken edges but were still high quality. Xiangjugong produced and supplied all these pastries on time. for holidays, the fasting month of Ramadan, the Eid al-Fitr celebration, and visiting relatives and friends, it was customary to use large and small gift sets (bajian) as presents. The small and large eight-piece pastries (ba jian) made by Xiangjugong are very famous in the southern part of Beijing.
+
+**Miscellaneous Talks on Old Beijing by Wang Yongbin.**
+
+**11. Ha's sesame flatbread (shaobing) shop at Liulichang outside Hepingmen**
+
+**Haji Sesame Flatbread Shop (Haji Shaobing Pu)**
+
+In my childhood memories, the snacks sold at Haji Sesame Flatbread Shop, located at the northeast corner of the east entrance of West Liulichang, were the most authentic.
+
+This was a halal sesame flatbread shop opened by five brothers with the surname Ha. Compared to other nearby shops, it had a small storefront but the busiest business. Besides selling soy milk, sesame flatbreads (shaobing), and fried dough cakes (youbing), they also had snacks like top-grade sesame flatbreads (yipin shaobing), thick buns (dun bobo), and fried egg pockets (zha hebao). At that time, my favorite things to eat were thick buns and fried egg pockets.
+
+Thick buns are small and made from leavened dough. They are mixed with lye, white sugar, and sweet osmanthus, then pinched into small pieces, pressed into thick, flat circles, and cooked over low heat on a griddle. After both sides turn yellow, they are baked in an oven until hard, without any burnt bits. After baking, a square or round red dot is stamped on them. The yellow and white colors with the red look beautiful, and they taste sweet, soft, and springy, with a bit of toughness that makes them great to chew. After chewing repeatedly, you can taste the faint wheat aroma from the leavened dough of the thick bun itself. The flavor is unique and makes my mouth water.
+
+When mentioning fried egg pockets, some people might think it is just fried eggs, but that is not the case. Haji's fried egg pockets have a special flavor. They use dough for fried dough cakes, roll out two pieces of similar size, put them together, and pinch three sides shut to form a pocket, or what you could call a pouch shape. They crack an egg, pour it into the pocket, sprinkle a little salt, and then pinch the opening tight. They put it into a pan of oil and control the heat carefully. The fried pockets come out crispy on the outside and tender on the inside, suitable for both the old and the young.
+
+**"Our Old Beijing" by Li Weiji**
+
+**Haji Kite Shop, Haji Restaurant**
+
+The location of "Haji Kite Shop" was at the north side of the east entrance of West Liulichang in the southern part of Beijing, which is the northwest corner of the intersection, today on the east side of Hongbaotang. It started as two sheds, then changed into two small storefront rooms. At that time, my grandfather and his fifth brother were local volunteer firefighters. If a fire broke out nearby, someone from the family had to go help put it out. In return, the fire brigade gave the two brothers two small rooms to stay in, and that is where they lived.
+
+Although it was called the Haji Kite Shop, they did not sell kites all the time. Kite flying in Beijing was very seasonal, so they only sold kites from the Spring Festival until the third lunar month. During the other three seasons, they ran a Hui Muslim snack shop called the Haji Eatery. Later, they added a shed outside the rooms to block the wind and rain. It was bigger than the two rooms and served as a place for neighbors near Liulichang and passersby to eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner. This was their main business.
+
+The Haji Eatery sold sesame flatbread (shaobing) and fried dough twists (mahua) in the morning, and beef noodles and other meals at noon and night to support a family of several dozen people. Many neighbors nearby would buy on credit and settle their bills once a month. During the Spring Festival and the months of early spring, the eatery switched to selling kites to support the family.
+
+Haji Kites by Ha Yiqi (Note by Wang Dongsi: The author is the fourth-generation successor of the Haji Kite tradition).
+
+**12. Nanlaishun snack shop at Caishikou outside Xuanwumen**
+
+Nanlaishun Snack Shop was a spacious hall. Aside from the door, there were snacks all around the perimeter, with rows of dining tables in the middle and square stools for customers to sit on. Let's start from the east door: to the left, from south to north, were all desserts. They mainly sold layered sticky rice cake (qiegao) here. I have loved eating this since I was a child. These cakes were placed on a large wooden board, about 60 centimeters wide, 80 centimeters long, and 10 centimeters thick, with four or five layers of bean paste and glutinous rice. The top of the layered sticky rice cake was decorated with large red dates, which looked very beautiful. Buying two liang (100 grams) of cake cost 8 cents per liang, so 16 cents total, plus two liang of food ration coupons. Even though it was only two liang, the master cutting the cake would use a long knife to slice it in one go, weigh it on a scale, and put it on a plate. The layers were clearly visible, and with white sugar sprinkled on top, it was incredibly tempting. One bite was full of fragrance and sweetness; it was delicious. Besides layered sticky rice cake, they sold various old Beijing sweet snacks, including steamed rice cakes (aiwowo), rolled glutinous rice rolls (lvdagun), honey fried dough twists (mi mahua, also called tang'erduo), sugar-filled baked cakes (tanghuoshao), steamed buns (dun'er bobo), and pea flour cakes (wandouhuang). If you love sweets, you will be satisfied here!
+
+Let's talk about the long counter from east to west. They sold savory snacks here, such as tofu pudding (doufunao), soy milk, fried dough cakes (youbing), fried dough sticks (youtiao), ring-shaped fried dough (jiequan), crispy crackers (baocui), sesame flatbread (shaobing), baked cakes (huoshao), and twisted rolls (luosizhuan). The tofu pudding was authentic; the gravy was a masterpiece, made with minced meat, daylily buds, wood ear mushrooms, and eggs, with a layer of Sichuan peppercorn oil floating on top. It cost one liang of food ration coupons and 8 cents a bowl. When the server scooped up the tender white tofu and poured the gravy over it, then sprinkled a pinch of cilantro on top, a tempting bowl of tofu pudding was handed to you. If you like it spicy, there were chili oil, minced garlic, and vinegar on the table for you to add yourself. If you bought two freshly baked sesame flatbreads and a fried dough cake, hey, you had a complete, delicious breakfast.
+
+After finishing the east-to-west section, let's turn to the counter from north to south. They mainly sold meat pies here, with beef and green onion filling (I don't remember if they had meat-filled pancakes). The meat pies here were another specialty. You could smell the aroma from far away. As you got closer, you could not only smell them but also hear the tempting sizzling sound as they were being pan-fried. You could not only hear it but see it too. The master chef worked right behind the counter, so every customer could watch the whole process of making the meat pie (roubing). When you saw those golden-brown meat pies sizzling with oil and smelling so good, how could you not want to try one?
+
+They also sold red bean porridge (xiaodouzhou) and sticky rice porridge (jiangmizhou). If you came for lunch, you could order two meat pies and a bowl of red bean porridge. With sliced salted vegetables on the table, tell me, doesn't that sound wonderful?
+
+**Memories of Niujie by Chen Chunxi**
+
+**13. Zhengxingde tea house at Caishikou outside Xuanwumen**
+
+In the 1950s and 60s, my mother always walked from Niujie to Caishikou to buy tea at the old shop Zhengxingde. It was a halal tea shop, and most Niujie residents went there. She usually bought the tea that cost 40 cents per liang, which smelled quite fragrant when brewed. I often went with my mother to buy tea. As soon as we stepped into the shop, we smelled the jasmine tea. That scent has stayed in my memory ever since.
+
+Back then, they did not use plastic bags. Everything was wrapped by hand in paper. The clerk would wrap it however the customer wanted, like buying four liang and splitting it into two two-liang packages. If you bought one jin, they would make two half-jin packages. Of course, some people just bought one package. The clerk's wrapping technique was amazing. They folded the paper into a perfect square that looked very solid. Then they stacked the two packages together, tied them with a paper string in a cross pattern, and made a handle on top so the customer could just hook a finger through and carry it away. That tea package was quite stylish at the time. During holidays when visiting relatives and friends, you would place the tea package on the table, and it looked both grand and traditional.
+
+**Memories of Niujie by Chen Chunxi**
+
+**14. Scalded dough fried cake (tangmian zhagao) at the Hui Muslim breakfast shop a short distance left from the east entrance of Xiangluying Sitiao Hutong outside Xuanwumen**
+
+When I think of the hot-water dough fried cake (tangmian zhagao), I don't know why this simple old Beijing snack has disappeared from the streets and restaurants. Actually, in the 1950s and 60s, almost every snack shop run by Hui Muslims sold them. they were an essential snack at temple fairs in the capital back then.
+
+When I was a child in the early 1950s, a breakfast shop run by Hui Muslims just a short walk from the east end of our alley sold these fried cakes. These fried cakes were flat and round, and they turned brown or dark red after being deep-fried. I remember some shops sold hot-water dough fried cakes (tangmian zhagao) that seemed to have a red stamp-like mark on one side. I do not know what the character was, but it looked very unique.
+
+The preparation method is said to be simple: pour near-boiling water into a measured amount of flour, then stir and knead it until smooth. Then, mix brown sugar or white sugar with a little dry flour to make the filling. After wrapping the filling inside, pat it into a flat round shape by hand, drop it into a pot of oil to fry, and once both sides turn brownish-red (or dark red), use a strainer to scoop it out for sale.
+
+The hot-water dough fried cake fresh out of the pot tastes a bit crispy, a bit sweet, and seems to have a bit of chewiness. The filling inside is like an open honey pot, thick, fragrant, and sweet, with a unique flavor. People say every shop or individual selling hot-water dough fried cakes has their own special tricks, but these mostly come down to heat control, the filling, and kneading techniques. I thought the hot-water dough fried cake was delicious when I ate it at a snack shop, and I heard that the owner added a little osmanthus to the filling.
+
+Casual Talk on Beijing Past: Beijing Snacks Fried Cakes and Hot-Water Dough Fried Cakes. Ma Tianji
+
+**15. Jubaoyuan on Niujie**
+
+Jubaoyuan is located in the middle section of Niujie Street, at the corner of Shouliu Hutong on the east side of the road. It has two storefronts, and above the door hangs a black plaque with gold characters written in vigorous regular script: Jubaoyuan Beef and Mutton Shop. Inside the door is a large wooden counter, and on the counter are two large white square enamel trays containing ground beef and mutton. Above the counter is an iron pipe with many iron hooks, from which trimmed beef and mutton hang for customers to choose from. Meat was very cheap back then; mutton was 71 cents a jin, and beef was 70 cents a jin. My mother often sent me to buy meat. She would give me 14 cents and say, 'Go to Jubaoyuan and buy two liang of mutton. Get the fatty kind; we are having soybean paste noodles (zhajiangmian) today.' Because I went there so often, I got to know the salesperson. In my memory, the meat seller was a young man named Ma. He was fair-skinned, had a long face, and was very friendly to people. Everyone called him Little Ma. As soon as I arrived, he would say to me, 'Xiao Si, you are here. How much are you buying?' 'Do you want beef or mutton?' Are you having soybean paste noodles (zhajiangmian) again? I said, "Give me two liang of lamb, and make it fatty." "Alright!" Little Ma quickly cut the meat for me, weighed it, and handed it over, saying, "Here you go!" At this point, you might ask: why buy fatty meat? To be honest, I am talking about the 1950s and 60s. Life was hard back then. You needed a ration book or coupons to buy anything. Each person only got half a jin of cooking oil a month, which was never enough. That is why we bought fatty meat; it made the fried sauce smell so good!
+
+**Memories of Niujie by Chen Chunxi**
+
+**16. The large halal canteen at the north entrance of Niujie Street.**
+
+This canteen had no formal name, but in my memory, it was just called the "Niujie Halal Canteen," and it was state-run. It was not until the late 1970s that it was renamed "Liangyixuan." The sign was written by Yang Jingren.
+
+This big canteen was very popular with the locals, and it was always crowded for all three meals. For breakfast, they served sesame flatbread (shaobing), spiral rolls (luosizhuan), steamed buns (dun'er bobo), soy milk, and tofu pudding (doufunao). These were all snacks Beijingers loved, and they tasted great. The beef and green onion steamed buns (baozi) were especially good. They cost ten cents each and were delicious. One bite and the oil would ooze out, revealing a solid meatball inside. If you had a bowl of red bean porridge and two liang of buns, you had a complete breakfast.
+
+At noon, they served main meals, mostly rice and stir-fried dishes. They had other things too, like stir-fried flatbread (chaobing). They made two kinds: vegetarian and meat, served in half-jin portions. The vegetarian one cost 25 cents and half a jin of grain coupons, while the meat one cost 30 cents and half a jin of grain coupons. The flatbread was stir-fried perfectly, with great color, smell, and taste. It was truly delicious. The stir-fried dishes were also very authentic. They were mostly home-style dishes, both vegetarian and meat. The cheapest vegetarian dish, braised fried tofu puffs (shaodou Pao), was only 25 cents, and meat dishes were only 30 or 40 cents. The braised eggplant (shao qiezi) there tastes amazing. The vegetarian version is 28 cents, and the meat version is 36 cents. It is a truly authentic Beijing flavor. Also, their pan-seared lamb (guota yangrou), stir-fried egg with vinegar (culiu muxu), and stir-fried lamb with scallions (congbao yangrou) have a unique taste and capture the special style of old Beijing cuisine.
+
+When the weather gets cold, they also serve hot pot (shuanguozi), with lamb slices (shuan yangrou) and beef tripe (shuan baiye), which are all very good. I watched the chef slice the lamb myself. On a large cutting board, he had a fresh piece of lamb leg. He held the meat down with his left hand, using a white cloth on top of the meat—perhaps to keep it from slipping—and held a knife in his right hand. The knife was over a foot long and two inches wide with a square tip, and it looked very sharp. I saw the chef rub, pull, and swipe the knife across the meat, and a paper-thin slice of lamb fell away. His movements were very fast, and he filled a large plate in no time. Just go ahead and eat; it is guaranteed to be fresh and tender.
+
+**Memories of Niujie by Chen Chunxi**
+
+**17. A child selling malt sugar sticks (maiyatang) on Niujie Street.**
+
+In Niujie, when children are just five or six years old, their parents give them a cardboard cigarette box. The four corners of the box are tied with thin strings, and it is filled with malt sugar sticks (maiyatang gun). The children walk through the alleys calling out, 'One bets for two!' This is a type of gambling business. If you do not gamble, one copper coin buys one malt sugar stick. If you want to gamble, both the buyer and seller take a stick and place them on a step. They use one hand to tap the sticks, and whoever taps theirs further wins. If the buyer wins, they get to eat two sticks, which is why it is called 'one bets for two'.
+
+As the children grow a bit older, they learn to do business by carrying baskets to sell boiled peanuts, and in the summer, they sell things like salted long beans, cooked peas, and ice-covered hawthorn berries (binghe). Although they do not make much profit, they learn the skills of running a small business from a young age. When they get even older, they can change what they sell based on the season, a practice known as 'zazhua'.
+
+**Beijing Niujie by Liu Dongsheng and Liu Shenglin.**
+
+**18. A vendor selling sticky rice cake (qiegao) on Niujie Street.**
+
+Hui Muslims in Niujie sell many types of sticky rice cake (qiegao), all made from sticky flour using ingredients like glutinous rice (jiangmi) or broomcorn millet (huangmi). Sticky rice cakes evolved into many varieties like aiwowo, yellow bean flour cakes (huangmian doumiangao), rolling donkey cakes (ludagun), and the New Year rice cake mounds (niangao tuor) eaten around the Spring Festival. There is also a porridge-like dish made from yellow rice called mogao. These are all sticky rice products, but they are not considered qiegao.
+
+The qiegao people usually talk about includes these types: cakes made from yellow flour with kidney beans or peas, steamed basin cakes (pengao) made with dates in a perforated basin, sticky rice flour cakes with red bean paste and dates, fermented bean cakes (douchigao) made by mixing sticky rice flour with crushed cooked kidney beans, and rolled cakes (juangao) filled with pea paste and red bean paste (these taste better when heated in a small steamer during winter). There are also New Year rice cakes (niangao) made from steamed sticky rice. Qiegao ingredients vary in quality, and the processing ranges from fine to coarse. Some are mixed with rice flour, commonly called benmian. This lower-quality version is cheaper, but many people still enjoy eating it. Qiegao vendors push a single-wheeled handcart with a long wooden cutting board on top. Near the handles, they stand a bamboo tube to hold money.
+
+There are quite a few famous figures among qiegao vendors. In Niujie, there is a vendor known as Qiegao Zhang, whom everyone, young and old, calls Zhang Liuba. He is famous for his fermented bean cakes and rolled cakes, making him a standout among qiegao sellers. The sticky rice flour, pea paste, and red bean paste he uses for his qiegao are all passed through a fine sieve. His cart is also the most elaborate. The edges of the wooden board and the area around the bamboo tube are inlaid with white and red copper decorations, featuring the hollowed-out words 'Halal Hui Muslim' (Qingzhen Huihui). On the board sits a glass display case with three sides, and it is kept spotless along with his water kettle (tangping) sign. The wooden board is scrubbed so clean that the wood grain is clearly visible. Qiegao Zhang himself looks sharp, wearing a blue cloth jacket, white sleeves rolled up high, a white apron, and a white namaz cap. His cart shines brightly, and he looks full of energy. The qiegao he sells has layers of cake and red bean paste, topped with colorful candied fruit strips (qinghongsi), melon seeds, raisins, and other dried fruits. He also keeps a large bowl of fine white sugar and adds a spoonful for customers upon request. The cart carries a basin of water so he can wash the porcelain plates and bamboo chopsticks as he sells. In winter, when Qiegao Zhang sells his fermented bean cakes, he brings a small stove and a set of small steamers so the cakes are served hot. While other qiegao vendors may not be as meticulous as him, they still keep their carts very clean. Just looking at them makes people hungry.
+
+A qiegao vendor might look like he is just one person pushing a cart down the street, but he is like an actor on stage, while his entire family, young and old, works behind the scenes. This involves grinding sticky rice into flour, boiling small beans into bean paste, and selecting and cooking small dates. After the cake is steamed, it is patted into sheets with a damp cloth, then filled with bean paste and dates. This is usually a full day's work for several people and requires skilled technique. Even so, their profits are not high, as they depend on sales and the weather. During holidays, besides selling from carts, they also make extra cake mounds (gaotuo) to sell, which brings in better income. Some cut-cake sellers gradually became wealthy through good business management. For example, Ma Baogui, known as 'Cut-Cake Ma,' later invested with his brother to open the Jubao Yuan beef and mutton shop on Niujie Street. From the 1940s until the public-private partnership era, it remained a leader among the beef and mutton shops on Niujie Street. As for other cut-cake sellers, most lived in precarious conditions with very unstable lives.
+
+**Beijing Niujie by Liu Dongsheng and Liu Shenglin.**
+
+**19. Steamed corn buns (wotou) from the old neighbors of Niujie Street.**
+
+My mother not only steamed cornmeal buns (wotou) well, but she could also make cornmeal into many varieties, such as 'gold-wrapped-silver' flower rolls (jinguoyin huajuan) (a lovely name for flower rolls made with a small amount of white flour wrapped around cornmeal). Actually, these are just flower rolls made with a little white flour wrapped around cornmeal. She also made shaken dumplings (yaogogo) (cornmeal mixed with a little white flour, shaped into one-centimeter cubes, tossed in a basin with dry flour, and shaken like sweet rice balls (yuanxiao) until they form small spheres, then boiled and topped with fried sauce or gravy) and large-filling dumplings (datuanzi) (the 'large filling' was just cabbage or radish).
+
+But let's not get sidetracked; let's talk about cornmeal buns (wotou) again. My mother's cornmeal buns (wotou) had some variety. Besides regular ones, she sometimes steamed salty ones. She would add salt, chopped green onions, and floating oil cracklings (fuyou zha) to the cornmeal. We Hui Muslims make these by chopping mutton and rendering the fat in a pot; the leftovers are the cracklings. Salty cornmeal buns taste so good! Sweet cornmeal buns (wotou) have a unique flavor. After fermenting the cornmeal, she added brown sugar and sometimes a few large red dates. Those buns were incredibly sweet and delicious, but they were a luxury we rarely ate throughout the year.
+
+**Memories of Niujie by Chen Chunxi**
+
+**20. Soybean paste noodles (zhajiangmian) from the old neighbors of Niujie Street.**
+
+I remember when I was a child, my mother would often give me 14 cents and say, 'Go to Jubao Yuan and buy two taels of mutton, the fatty kind.' Today we are having noodles with fried sauce (zhajiangmian). After I bought the meat, my mother started frying the sauce (the sauce was also bought from Wanji Small Shop for 10 cents). She first chopped the mutton into small pieces, then prepared chopped green onions, sliced garlic, and minced ginger. She heated oil in a wok. Once hot, she stir-fried the meat. When the meat changed color, she added the onions, ginger, and garlic to bring out the aroma. Then she added the sauce, salt, and a little water, stirring constantly with a spatula. The sauce bubbled in the pot. She didn't rush; she fried it for a while until the fragrance came out, then took it off the heat. She poured the fried sauce into a bowl. Because the meat was fatty, a layer of oil floated on top, which looked delicious. The vegetable toppings were simple back then. You just shredded half a cabbage, blanched it in boiling water, and put it on a plate. In winter, you could also shred a 'heart-is-beautiful' radish (xinlimei) as a topping. You could also cut it into chunks to eat with noodles; it was crunchy and had a unique flavor. In summer, you would just scoop up a big bowl of noodles rinsed in cold water (guoshuimian), pour on some fried soybean paste (zhajiang), grab a whole cucumber, and sit on a small stool in the courtyard. Eating a mouthful of noodles with a bite of cucumber was wonderful. It was even better with two stalks of green garlic. Add a little vinegar to your fried soybean paste noodles for a better taste, don't forget!
+
+**Memories of Niujie by Chen Chunxi**
+
+**21. The Barbecue King (Kaorou Wang) at Tianqiao.**
+
+The 'Barbecue King' (Kaorou Wang) is a Hui Muslim who has run a barbecue stall on the open ground west of the Tianqiao market for decades. Now there is a building next to his stall called the Fuyuanhao Restaurant, and the Barbecue King sets up his stall right outside it. In summer, he sells various braised noodles and quick-boiled tripe (baodu). Every year at the start of autumn (Liqiu), he adds grilled and shabu-shabu beef and lamb, as well as crabs from Shengfang Town. Many people in Beijing sell barbecue, but the one in Tianqiao is unique, and the iron grill grate he uses is truly different from the rest. Every autumn, people flock there to eat. Regardless of whether the weather is hot or cold, he always starts selling the new items on the day of the start of autumn. I passed by there last night and saw many people gathered around the fire eating, all of them sweating profusely. They say the Barbecue King got his name because his business is honest and he never mixes other meats with his beef and lamb, though his prices are a bit higher than elsewhere. I heard his prices this year are 40 copper coins per plate of meat, plus a 10-coin pot fee per person.
+
+**A Glimpse of Tianqiao, Chen Bao, August 13, 1927, by Mingong.**
+
+**Others**
+
+**1. Hui Muslim businesses roaming the streets and alleys.**
+
+'Miancha, get your millet flour porridge (miancha)!' The stalls selling millet flour porridge are often set up on the side of the road in busy areas. The front of the carrying pole holds a stove with a clay pot on top, simmering millet flour tea (miancha). A large square wooden tray sits on the edge of the pot, with a small deep copper basin resting on the side, filled with sesame paste, a small tube for sprinkling salt and pepper, and small enamel spoons in a blue-rimmed porcelain bowl. In the middle of the square tray sits a copper plaque inscribed with Arabic script or the Chinese characters for 'Halal Hui Muslim' (Qingzhen Huihui), and some even say 'Western Regions Hui Muslim' (Xiyu Huihui). Red cloth strips hang below the plaque, signaling that this is a traditional food business run by Hui Muslims. When serving, the vendor uses a betel nut-shaped spoon to scoop the millet flour tea into a bowl, then uses a pair of chopsticks to flick sesame paste from the small copper basin onto the tea quickly and evenly, before sprinkling salt and pepper over the top. When drinking the millet flour tea, you should sip it while rotating the bowl, or use the small enamel spoon to slide it along the edge; you must not mix the tea and sesame paste together, or it will thin out and lose its good flavor.
+
+The front carrying pole holds a large square wooden basin, and a copper plaque reading 'Western Regions Hui Muslim' (Xiyu Huihui) is displayed on the tray. In the center of the tray sits a copper pot filled with a savory sauce made from beef or lamb and button mushrooms (koumo). A long-handled flat copper spoon is used to serve the sauce, and spare bowls, small enamel spoons, and seasonings are placed on the edge of the tray. The rear carrying pole holds a deep, straight-sided pot filled with soft tofu custard (doufunao). The pot is wrapped in a cotton cover to keep it warm, as this tofu custard is much softer than standard firm tofu (laodoufu); eating a bowl of tofu custard topped with savory sauce, with garlic juice or chili oil added to taste, and served with sesame flatbread (shaobing) or baked wheat cake (huoshao), makes for an affordable and delicious meal. The tofu custard vendor does not travel through the alleys but stays parked at the street corner.
+
+The vendor selling starch jelly sheets (fenpi) with sauce arrives, carrying a pot of beef or lamb and button mushroom sauce along with stacks of prepared starch jelly sheets, though some vendors make the sheets fresh on the spot; this is another unique food made by Hui Muslims. Every day after noon, the starch jelly sheet vendor goes out to walk the streets and alleys; some residents in the alleys bring their own bowls to take the food home, while passersby eat right at the stall using the bowls and chopsticks provided by the vendor. On a hot summer day, buying a bowl of sliced starch jelly sheets topped with a handful of shredded cucumber, even with the savory sauce, feels refreshing and light rather than greasy.
+
+'Beef liver, beef!' 'Beef head!' The vendor pushes a single-wheeled cart with a cutting board and round bamboo steamers containing soy-braised beef, soy-braised beef tripe, beef tripe, beef offal, and beef head meat. to selling while walking the streets during the day, they also do business at night. The cart also hangs a 'Western Regions Hui Muslim' (Xiyu Huihui) copper plaque, so at a glance, you know it is a business run by Hui Muslims.
+
+Customs and Anecdotes: Walking the streets and alleys to sell snacks. Liu Jiuru
+
+**2. A halal rice cake (niangao) stall at the temple fair.**
+
+The halal rice cake (nian gao) stalls at temple fairs change with the seasons and have everything you could want. In summer, they sell iced rice cakes and sticky rice dumplings (zongzi). In spring and autumn, they offer fried cakes (zha gao), cold rice cakes, lotus root with sticky rice (nuomi ou), steamed rice flour cakes (aiwowo), and rolled soybean flour cakes (ludagun). Only the "vegetarian dish" (su cai) is sold for three seasons.
+
+The "vegetarian dish" is a type of honey-preserved tea snack. It is mainly made of fried sweet potato chips, mixed with honey dates, dried apricots, fried lotus root pieces, hawthorn cake, and green plums. It is then tossed in honey syrup and sold by weight. Fried sweet potato chips make up eighty percent of this dish, and they are the tastiest and most popular part. They are crispy, sweet, and crunchy, and the honey is not sticky, so you do not get tired of eating them even if you have a lot. The other ingredients have their own candied flavors and cost more than the sweet potato chips. As a tea snack, it is a top-tier treat. As for why it is called a "vegetarian dish," the reason is not clear.
+
+Fried cakes (zha gao) are also a halal food, made by wrapping red bean paste in yellow millet flour and deep-frying it. They are also sweet, sticky, and crispy, but unlike the "vegetarian dish," they are not only found at temple fair stalls. Fried cakes can be seen everywhere. Products from halal stalls share one common advantage: they are clean and hygienic, which gives people peace of mind.
+
+**Memories of Snacks: Jin Yunzhen**
+
+**3. Mutton stall (yangrou chuangzi).**
+
+Look at how clean the larger mutton stalls (yangrou chuangzi) are. The table for the mutton and the poles for hanging the meat are scrubbed until they are spotless. The edges of the table are lined with copper nails that are always polished until they shine.
+
+The scale on the counter has a white copper pan, white copper chains, and a white copper weight. The Hui Muslim shopkeeper always handles it with a loud clatter, banging and crashing it down. He picks it up and drops it several times; I guess that is just the custom at the mutton stall (yangrou chuangzi).
+
+In the old days, Beijing did not seem to have slaughterhouses, because sheep were slaughtered right at the door of the mutton stall. At a large mutton stall, early every morning, five or six large sheep would be tied up with a wooden blood basin placed nearby, waiting for the head imam (ahong) to come and recite prayers.
+
+The Muslim imam, wearing a grey cotton robe and a black mandarin jacket (magua), would arrive by rickshaw—since he had to visit many mutton stalls each morning, he traveled by rickshaw to make his rounds—carrying a cloth bag containing the knives for slaughtering the sheep. When he reached the counter, he would take out his knife, mutter a prayer, and with one swift stroke across the sheep's neck held down by two young men, the blood would pour out; the sheep would stretch its legs, twitch a few times, and then go still.
+
+Afterward, they would peel off the skin, cut off the head, chop off the hooves, remove the offal, wash everything clean with water, and hang the meat on a pole using copper meat hooks. Look at how fatty it is!
+
+When it comes to northern sheep, few can compare to them, except for those from the Northwest. In the summer, they graze on green grass, becoming round and plump with thick wool, and their large tails drag behind them like a big pot lid.
+
+If you go to a large mutton stall in the winter to buy meat for hot pot (shuan guozi), they will always take good care of you. There are cuts of meat like the neck (shangnao'er), the leg muscle (huangguatiao), the flank (yaowo), and the brisket (sancha'er); they cut exactly what you point to, and they have everything you could want. Once you leave Beijing, you can find mutton hot pot everywhere, but it is just mutton!
+
+I remember before the war, in the old capital, one silver dollar could buy four jin of good mutton delivered to your door. Add some cabbage and glass noodles (fentiao), and one dollar's worth of meat was enough to feed three or four people. It was warm and satisfying; it was wonderful.
+
+In the summer, every mutton stall sells fried mutton (shao yangrou). The meat, just out of the fryer, is placed on a large copper tray, and the aroma is so strong you can smell it from a mile away.
+
+For an afternoon snack, if you have a few coins, you can buy a pair of sheep hooves or a piece of shank (jianzi), and eat it with two sesame flatbreads (shaobing); it is incredibly delicious. If you bring home a large sheep head, your family can make some pancakes, boil a pot of rice porridge (shui fan), and on a hot day, it is neither greasy nor too heavy, and it really satisfies your cravings. The sheep neck has a bit more meat and is even better to eat than the head.
+
+If your family is small, dinner is easy to put together. Just take a pot to the mutton stall, buy seven or eight mao worth of fried mutton, and tell the shopkeeper, 'Boss, add some extra broth!' Once you get home, bring the pot of meat and broth to a boil, add a few coins' worth of noodles, and you have fried mutton noodles. Forget about leaving Beiping.
+
+Most lamb stalls (yangrou chuangzi) have a separate area to sell lamb buns (yangrou baozi) to go. They squeeze the dough into shape with their hands. In winter, they are filled with lamb and cabbage, and in summer, lamb and chives. Every time a steamer is ready, the apprentice shouts: 'Lamb buns are here!' Fresh from the steamer, get them while they're hot!
+
+Some lamb stalls also sell medicine. They hang a sign nearby that says 'Lamb Liver Eye-Brightening Pills' (yanggan mingmu wan), and they are all tested and approved with a license from the health bureau. Some also sell sesame paste flatbread (zhima jiang shaobing) and brown sugar cakes (tang huoshao), which are made with flour and brown sugar. They are yellowish and stamped with a red mark on top. They also carry honey-glazed fried dough twists (mi mahua), which are extremely sweet. That is the full range of side businesses found at a lamb stall.
+
+Some lamb stalls also sell pickled cabbage (suancai). Whatever amount you buy, they tie it up with a piece of iris grass (malian cao) and hand it to you. If you buy some lamb to go with it, you can make a pot of hot lamb and pickled cabbage noodle soup. It is warm, refreshing, and delicious!
+
+Mentioning pickled cabbage reminds me of winters in the old capital, when every family used small coal-ball stoves. Impatient people couldn't wait for the fire to catch properly, so they would bring the stove inside while it was still emitting blue flames. The coal gas could suffocate a person. Every winter, quite a few people actually died from this. The special remedy for 'coal gas poisoning' didn't require going to a pharmacy or calling a doctor. You just had to go to a lamb stall, buy a large portion of pickled cabbage, ask for extra broth, and pour the ice-cold, teeth-chattering cabbage soup into the victim's mouth. For mild cases, a few sips of the sour, cool liquid would make them feel better in no time.
+
+Beiping Customs: Lamb Stalls. Chen Hongnian
+
+**4. Shopkeeper Hua, who sells beef head meat from a wheelbarrow.**
+
+Back then, the street cry went like this: 'Beef liver!' Beef head meat! Beef liver for sale, hey, hey! Beef head meat for sale! The wheelbarrow creaked as it rolled over the fallen leaves of late autumn, sometimes accompanied by a few drifting snowflakes. With the weather turning hot and cold, it is the perfect time for nourishing food. Most families can afford a few ounces of beef head meat, which is reasonably priced and tastes pretty good. My grandmother never bought from strangers; she only trusted the halal shop run by Manager Hua.
+
+Manager Hua told me his ancestors had been doing this for generations. They never opened a storefront, but followed the tradition of walking through the streets and alleys to sell their goods. Manager Hua’s beef head meat was so popular that even if he went as far as Qianmen, he would always sell out completely. Whether they wore long gowns or mandarin jackets, everyone loved this treat. If he ran into military officers or police, he had to bow and scrape, and even offer a little bribe.
+
+Halal means being particular. The slaughter is handled by an imam, who performs the proper rites before the blade draws blood, showing respect for a life. When you think about it, a cow works hard its whole life, only occasionally rolling its eyes or acting stubborn, but it never misses a day of work. Even when it can no longer walk, it gives its life for humans, making it a creature worthy of respect. Halal means being clean. There is not a single flaw, as they always strive for perfection. For so many years, as long as a shop has a halal sign, I trust it. I can eat the meat with peace of mind. Halal means being honest. They do not cheat people, shortchange them, or take advantage of the small, perhaps because these rules have been passed down for so many years. Halal means being loyal. As long as you visit his business often and become a regular customer, he will never overcharge you. Instead, he will always give you a little extra on the house.
+
+Shopkeeper Hua lived in the crowded courtyard behind my grandmother's house, where a dozen families all ran small businesses to make a livi
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_1_of_5.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_1_of_5.md
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+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 1 of 5)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2115"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2115"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:43Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "409a49739a2bdff4a53c3bf1d46013e29a5550e861a08bb38a53ba0db29e1eab"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 1 of 5)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Chongwen:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Southern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This is part 1 of 5.
+
+**Part 1 of 5**
+
+**Table of Contents**
+
+Chongwen:
+
+**1. Douzhi Ding (Jinxin Douzhi Shop) at Huashi outside Chongwenmen**
+
+**2. Rongxiangcheng Hui Muslim snack shop (Jinfang Snack Shop) outside Chongwenmen**
+
+Xuanwu:
+
+**1. Xianbing Porridge Shop at Meishi Bridge outside Qianmen**
+
+**2. Yangtou Ma (Sheep Head Ma) at Langfang Ertiao outside Qianmen**
+
+**3. Yitiaolong Mutton Restaurant outside Qianmen**
+
+**4. Ai's steamed rice cake (aiwowowo) stall on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+**5. Fushunzhai spiced beef shop at the south entrance of Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+**6. Bai's tofu pudding (doufunao) on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+**7. Baodu Feng (quick-boiled tripe) on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+**8. Niangao Wang (Rice Cake King) on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+**9. Mujiazhai at Zangjia Bridge outside Qianmen**
+
+**10. Xiangjugong halal pastry shop on Qianmen Street**
+
+**11. Ha's sesame flatbread (shaobing) shop at Liulichang outside Hepingmen**
+
+**12. Nanlaishun snack shop at Caishikou outside Xuanwumen**
+
+**13. Zhengxingde tea house at Caishikou outside Xuanwumen**
+
+**14. Scalded dough fried cake (tangmian zhagao) at the Hui Muslim breakfast shop a short distance left from the east entrance of Xiangluying Sitiao Hutong outside Xuanwumen**
+
+**15. Jubaoyuan on Niujie**
+
+**16. The large halal canteen at the north entrance of Niujie Street.**
+
+**17. A child selling malt sugar sticks (maiyatang) on Niujie Street.**
+
+**18. A vendor selling sticky rice cake (qiegao) on Niujie Street.**
+
+**19. Steamed corn buns (wotou) from the old neighbors of Niujie Street.**
+
+**20. Soybean paste noodles (zhajiangmian) from the old neighbors of Niujie Street.**
+
+**21. The Barbecue King (Kaorou Wang) at Tianqiao.**
+
+Others:
+
+**1. Hui Muslim businesses roaming the streets and alleys.**
+
+**2. A halal rice cake (niangao) stall at the temple fair.**
+
+**3. Mutton stall (yangrou chuangzi).**
+
+**4. Shopkeeper Hua, who sells beef head meat from a wheelbarrow.**
+
+**5. Bai Family Sesame Flatbread Shop (shaobing pu).**
+
+**6. A roasted mutton stall in the hutong.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ep2dkw.jpg)
+
+**Chongwen.**
+
+**1. Douzhi Ding (Jinxin Douzhi Shop) at Huashi outside Chongwenmen**
+
+Douzhi Ding's stall is in front of the Fire God Temple (Huoshen Miao) on the north side of the road, in the middle-west section of Xihuashi.
+
+The owner of Douzhi Ding's stall is naturally surnamed Ding; he is a Hui Muslim named Ding Derui. His stall is unique. It features a large table over three meters long and one meter wide, with long benches lined up in front. On the table are two glass covers; one protects various pickled vegetables and spicy shredded salted vegetables, while the other holds sesame flatbreads (shaobing), crispy fried dough rings (jiaoquan), and other staples. There are also two wooden signs on the table, carved with eight large characters: 'Hui Muslims from the Western Regions, Douzhi Ding's Shop'. Ding Derui follows old traditions to boil the mung bean milk (douzhi). He uses a large clay pot and a betel nut ladle (binglang shao), simmering it over a low fire while adding raw mung bean milk to the pot as it cooks. He makes his mung bean milk (douzhir) with the perfect thickness, so it does not settle or become watery. It tastes sour, fragrant, and sweet, making it very delicious and addictive.
+
+**Outside Hademen by Zhang Fan**
+
+The stall is located to the left of the Fire God Temple gate in West Huashi. It has tables facing west and opens every day at noon. The table is over 10 feet long with benches in front. Two large glass covers sit on top, protecting large fruit plates filled with pickled cabbage, pickled cucumbers, small pickled radishes, and pickled asparagus. Spicy mustard greens are served with the mung bean milk. In spring, they serve quick-pickled kohlrabi, and in winter, they serve spicy dried radish cubes. Customers who buy fine pickles get chili oil. The food includes sesame flatbread (shaobing) and fried dough rings (jiaoquan).
+
+The owner, surnamed Ding, is a Hui Muslim. He keeps two wooden signs on his table with eight green-painted characters: Western Region Hui, Ding's Mung Bean Milk. Most customers are regulars who visit every day at the same time. On market days, the benches are full, and business is booming. In January 1958, food stalls were merged into cooperatives. Ding's Mung Bean Milk moved to Suanshikou and is now the Jinxin Mung Bean Milk Shop, which still follows the traditions of Ding's Mung Bean Milk.
+
+**Reminiscing about Hademen by Niu Qingshan**
+
+Ding's Mung Bean Milk started as a shoulder-pole business. He was the first to sell it, and he was already famous in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty. People called this Hui Muslim man and his carrying pole Ding's Mung Bean Milk. It was not until 1910 that the third generation of Ding's Mung Bean Milk set up a stall in front of the Fire God Temple in the middle of Huashi Street. They finally had a long table and a permanent large pot. For a mung bean milk business, this was considered very successful. That was a famous open-air snack street in Beijing, second only to Menkuang Hutong. At that time, various stalls lined up in front of the Fire God Temple, stretching east all the way to Yangshikou.
+
+**Blues in the South of the City by Xiao Fuxing**
+
+**2. Rongxiangcheng Hui Muslim snack shop (Jinfang Snack Shop) outside Chongwenmen**
+
+Rongxiangcheng Snack Shop, located at 17 Hademen Outer Street, is a well-known eatery in the Chongwenmen area.
+
+The shop opened in the early Republic of China period. The owner was Man Leting, known as Man Liu, a Hui Muslim from Shandong. The manager was Ai Lianying. The shop's sign, Rongxiangcheng, was inscribed by the famous scholar Jiang Chaozong.
+
+Inside the shop, there is another plaque, Cangzhen, inscribed by the Zhili clique warlord Wu Peifu. The shop started by selling beef and mutton. By the 1940s, business improved significantly, and it expanded from two storefronts to four. As the business grew, they changed their strategy to combine the mutton trade with the snack trade (qin hang).
+
+In the past, Beijing mutton shops were called mutton trades (yang hang), and their business was very seasonal. Since spring and summer are the growing seasons for sheep, they could not be slaughtered until after autumn. Because of this, people in the trade said, 'The mutton business is idle for half the year.' Old Beijingers also said, 'When visiting graves at Qingming, the mutton sellers close their doors.' To change this idle period, the shop adapted to market needs by buying Japanese refrigeration equipment. During spring and summer, they sold homemade popsicles, soda, and other frozen foods (leng shi). In autumn and winter, they focused on mutton again. This change kept them busy all year and made the shop's name increasingly famous.
+
+In Beijing, this combined business model was common, with different terms: two shops under one manager was called 'four edges' (si ba bian), and renting out a portion to others was called 'carrying a robe' (tiao pao). Rongxiangcheng was the former, and their snack section focused on frozen foods, which was quite new at the time.
+
+Just before the liberation, war blocked mutton shipments from Inner Mongolia to Beijing. The mutton trade plummeted, and Rongxiangcheng was no exception. At this time, Man Kaiqi, a fellow townsman of Man Leting, came to the shop. He came from a background in a traditional pastry shop (bobo pu). In the old snack trade, a pastry shop was considered lower in status than a bakery but higher than a restaurant. Rongxiangcheng simply stopped selling mutton and switched to snacks and frozen foods. Man Kaiqi's skills were put to good use. Under his management, they offered up to 20 varieties of snacks: sticky rice cake (qiegao), fried cake (zhagao), sesame ball (matuan), fried dough twist (mahua), sweet rice ball (yuanxiao), sugar ear (tangerduo), steamed rice cake (aiwowo), soybean flour cake (lvdagun), apricot tea (xingcha), millet porridge (miancha), tofu pudding (doufunao), sesame flatbread (shaobing), fried dough cake (youbing), and bean paste bun (doubao). This made Rongxiangcheng a famous Hui Muslim snack shop in the Chongwai area.
+
+After the Cultural Revolution, Rongxiangcheng was renamed Jinfang Snack Shop. In the mid-1990s, due to the expansion of Chongwai Street, the shop moved to the Tianqiao intersection for a time. Its current location is on the east side of the south entrance of Chongwai Street. This time-honored shop in the South City has started its glorious journey once again.
+
+**Reminiscing about Hademen by Niu Qingshan**
+
+The place that stays in my memory the most is Jinfang Snack Shop. When I first returned to Beijing, it was winter, and it was still pitch black when I got up early for work. I didn't have time to eat breakfast at home, so I pushed my bike through the underpass and across the railway; down the slope was Baiqiao Street, and further west was Huashi Street. There were few people in the morning, the streetlights were dim, and it was very quiet; the northwest wind blowing head-on was so strong it made it hard to open my mouth. Luckily, after riding a short distance, I could see the bright lights of Jinfang Snack Shop on the north side of the road ahead. I locked my bike and lifted the cotton door curtain to go inside; the heat rushed into my face, and more than half of the chill on my body disappeared at once. My favorite thing to eat in this shop is the millet flour porridge (miancha); it is thick, fragrant, and hot enough to burn your mouth. You cannot rush drinking millet flour porridge; there is a trick to it: regular customers never use chopsticks or spoons, they rotate the bowl and drink from the edge, finishing it until the bottom is clean. With these two crispy fried dough rings (jiaoquan) and a bowl of millet flour porridge in my stomach, my whole body felt warm, and the next 40 minutes of the journey wouldn't leave me frozen with a twisted face and numb hands and feet.
+
+Reading Beijing Figures: Impressions of Huashi (Postscript). Written by Chen Guangzhong.
+
+**Xuanwu.**
+
+**1. Xianbing Porridge Shop at Meishi Bridge outside Qianmen**
+
+There are two meat pie and porridge shops at Meishi Bridge, and they are halal restaurants. These two shops have the same owner; one is on the east side of the road and the other is on the west, which is called one owner running two shops. They are open 24 hours a day without interruption; when the east shop puts up its door panels to close, the west shop takes its panels down to open, so customers can always get meat pies and porridge. Since it is a meat pie and porridge shop, the meat pies are naturally their specialty. The meat pies are filled with beef, also known as meat cakes (roubing); they are large, full of filling, and oily, which really satisfies a craving. If a guest asks for a full-sized meat pie (roubing), it is much larger than the standard version, measuring about 1.2 feet in diameter. Even someone with a big appetite cannot finish half of one.
+
+**Cuisine of East Beijing by Wu Zhengge**
+
+**2. Yangtou Ma (Sheep Head Ma) at Langfang Ertiao outside Qianmen**
+
+Beijing lamb head is a local specialty. It is sliced as thin as paper and sprinkled with salt and pepper powder. Lamb head meat includes the cheek (lianzi), the tongue and root (xinzi), the roof of the mouth (tianhuaban), the tongue tip (tongtianti), the eyes, the hooves, and the tendons. Aside from the tendons, the cheek meat has the deepest flavor. The sellers of lamb head meat are all Hui Muslims. There was only one halal stall, located at the back door of the Yuxing Restaurant on Langfang Second Alley. The owner was a man named Ma who sold his own goods. Unlike other workshops that sold wholesale without cleaning, his meat was clean. He added five-spice powder to his salt and pepper, making it extra fragrant and clean. He also sold boiled beef tripe (niudu) at a very low price.
+
+**The Life of Old Beijingers by Jin Shushen**
+
+At the west entrance of Menkuang Hutong, there was a lamb head meat stall in front of the Yuxing Restaurant that was considered a famous local snack of the area. The vendor arrived every day near dusk. He brought his own light bulb and wire, which he connected to the restaurant's power to light up his stall. He used a special knife, one foot long and five inches wide, to slice the cheek, tongue (xinzi), and eyes for customers to enjoy with their drinks. When he sliced the cheek, he made it so thin it was almost transparent. He laid it on white paper, sprinkled salt and pepper from a long-necked glass bottle, mixed it by hand, and then wrapped it up. It tasted delicious. Customers loved the taste of the meat and admired the vendor's skill. Every night when the lights came on, a crowd would gather at the intersection of Langfang Second Alley and Menkuang Hutong to watch him slice the meat. People traveled from far away to Menkuang Hutong just to eat this lamb head meat. I once asked about that Hui Muslim vendor. I only knew his surname was Ma and he lived on Niujie. He likely passed away after the Cultural Revolution, and I do not know what happened to him.
+
+**Ye Zufu Talks About Beijing by Ye Zufu**
+
+**3. Yitiaolong Mutton Restaurant outside Qianmen**
+
+Yitiao Long Lamb Restaurant processes its meat carefully and slices it very thin. After slaughtering and skinning the lamb, they select only the hind legs. They place the meat on a clean surface with natural water, cover it with a reed mat, place an oilcloth over the mat, and put a block of ice on top. This is called pressed meat (yarou). The meat is pressed for a full day and night to draw out the blood and impurities, which makes the meat firm and easy to slice. This pressed meat (ya rou) is better than frozen meat because frozen meat, like frozen cabbage, breaks down the lamb's texture and makes it lose its tender, savory flavor, which makes it taste bad. Yilong is just like Zhengyanglou; they slice the meat thinly and serve it on plates according to the cut. The seasonings are complete.
+
+When eating hot pot lamb (shuan yangrou), people usually eat sesame flatbread (shaobing) as their staple food. The sesame flatbread (shaobing) at Nanhengshun (Wang Dongsi: Yilong's original name is Nanhengshun) is also different from other places; for every basin of dough, they use ten jin of flour, with nine jin of plain flour and one jin of leavened dough. Ten jin of flour requires one jin and two liang of sesame paste. The sesame flatbread (shaobing) is first seared on a griddle, then baked in an oven, searing the bottom first and then the sesame-topped side (just for a quick touch). This kind of sesame flatbread (shaobing) has plenty of sauce, is cooked through, and is perfectly flaky and crisp.
+
+When customers are almost full, they order a bowl of Nanhengshun's homemade, thin and uniform mung bean mixed noodles (lvdou zamian) served dry. Mung bean mixed noodles (lvdou zamian) are great for cutting through the greasiness of meat; a bowl of these noodles absorbs the floating oil from the hot pot and cleanses the palate, making these thin and uniform noodles another specialty of Nanhengshun.
+
+**Miscellaneous Talks on Old Beijing by Wang Yongbin.**
+
+**4. Ai's steamed rice cake (aiwowowo) stall on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+It is currently the first lunar month, the time when ai'ou wowos are on the market. Beijing's ai'ou wowos are similar to Fengtian's cool rice cakes (lianggao) and are both sold during the first lunar month, but ai'ou wowos are soft and delicious, and cannot be compared to cool rice cakes (lianggao). Cool rice cakes (lianggao) are made by steaming glutinous rice flour, using it as a wrapper, filling it with sesame and white sugar, and sprinkling it with rice flour. On the surface, they look like ai'ou wowos, but they are essentially just a variation of sticky rice cakes (niangao); after a while, when the wind blows on them, they still get hard.
+
+Ai'ou wowos are made by boiling whole glutinous rice grains until cooked, waiting for all the steam to evaporate, and then putting them in a basin to form a soft, fluffy texture. Using this rice-grain texture, they wrap in various sweet fillings, sprinkle with glutinous rice flour, and add red dots to distinguish the types of fillings. This item is called an ai'ou wowo, which is also a type of cold snack. Isn't the Changdian temple fair happening right now? Ai'ou wowos are a seasonal treat, but for the best-looking and best-tasting ones, go to the entrance of Tongle Teahouse on Menkuang Hutong. There is a small cart there that is kept very clean. A Hui Muslim man sells ai'ou wowos there throughout the year. He uses real glutinous rice and good fillings. Eating a couple of his is a unique experience that you must try.
+
+**Beijing Dream Splendor Record by Mu Ruga.**
+
+**5. Fushunzhai Beef Shop on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen.**
+
+We must start with the famous Fushunzhai beef shop at the south entrance of the hutong. Its spiced beef (jiang niurou) is tender and delicious, easily matching the spiced lamb (jiang yangrou) from Yueshengzhai. They also use a pot of original beef broth to cook meat for sale every day, with a set amount sold at specific times, and it sells out very quickly. The shopkeeper is a Hui Muslim named Liu. Later, this spiced beef shop moved to Qianmen Street and merged with Yueshengzhai.
+
+**Ye Zufu Talks About Beijing by Ye Zufu**
+
+**6. Baodu Feng in Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen.**
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_1_of_5____S.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_1_of_5____S.md
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+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 1 of 5) — Section 2 of 2 — Block 2 of 3"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2126"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2126"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:31Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "51d33ff077441e0f686f48c9b9dc68255731dc85eefd39f3bf158aade1b83a39"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 1 of 5) — Section 2 of 2 — Block 2 of 3
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Chongwen:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Southern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This final block is 2 of 3.
+
+**Block 2 of 3**
+
+At the west entrance of Menkuang Hutong, there was a lamb head meat stall in front of the Yuxing Restaurant that was considered a famous local snack of the area. The vendor arrived every day near dusk. He brought his own light bulb and wire, which he connected to the restaurant's power to light up his stall. He used a special knife, one foot long and five inches wide, to slice the cheek, tongue (xinzi), and eyes for customers to enjoy with their drinks. When he sliced the cheek, he made it so thin it was almost transparent. He laid it on white paper, sprinkled salt and pepper from a long-necked glass bottle, mixed it by hand, and then wrapped it up. It tasted delicious. Customers loved the taste of the meat and admired the vendor's skill. Every night when the lights came on, a crowd would gather at the intersection of Langfang Second Alley and Menkuang Hutong to watch him slice the meat. People traveled from far away to Menkuang Hutong just to eat this lamb head meat. I once asked about that Hui Muslim vendor. I only knew his surname was Ma and he lived on Niujie. He likely passed away after the Cultural Revolution, and I do not know what happened to him.
+
+**Ye Zufu Talks About Beijing by Ye Zufu**
+
+**3. Yitiaolong Mutton Restaurant outside Qianmen**
+
+Yitiao Long Lamb Restaurant processes its meat carefully and slices it very thin. After slaughtering and skinning the lamb, they select only the hind legs. They place the meat on a clean surface with natural water, cover it with a reed mat, place an oilcloth over the mat, and put a block of ice on top. This is called pressed meat (yarou). The meat is pressed for a full day and night to draw out the blood and impurities, which makes the meat firm and easy to slice. This pressed meat (ya rou) is better than frozen meat because frozen meat, like frozen cabbage, breaks down the lamb's texture and makes it lose its tender, savory flavor, which makes it taste bad. Yilong is just like Zhengyanglou; they slice the meat thinly and serve it on plates according to the cut. The seasonings are complete.
+
+When eating hot pot lamb (shuan yangrou), people usually eat sesame flatbread (shaobing) as their staple food. The sesame flatbread (shaobing) at Nanhengshun (Wang Dongsi: Yilong's original name is Nanhengshun) is also different from other places; for every basin of dough, they use ten jin of flour, with nine jin of plain flour and one jin of leavened dough. Ten jin of flour requires one jin and two liang of sesame paste. The sesame flatbread (shaobing) is first seared on a griddle, then baked in an oven, searing the bottom first and then the sesame-topped side (just for a quick touch). This kind of sesame flatbread (shaobing) has plenty of sauce, is cooked through, and is perfectly flaky and crisp.
+
+When customers are almost full, they order a bowl of Nanhengshun's homemade, thin and uniform mung bean mixed noodles (lvdou zamian) served dry. Mung bean mixed noodles (lvdou zamian) are great for cutting through the greasiness of meat; a bowl of these noodles absorbs the floating oil from the hot pot and cleanses the palate, making these thin and uniform noodles another specialty of Nanhengshun.
+
+**Miscellaneous Talks on Old Beijing by Wang Yongbin.**
+
+**4. Ai's steamed rice cake (aiwowowo) stall on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+It is currently the first lunar month, the time when ai'ou wowos are on the market. Beijing's ai'ou wowos are similar to Fengtian's cool rice cakes (lianggao) and are both sold during the first lunar month, but ai'ou wowos are soft and delicious, and cannot be compared to cool rice cakes (lianggao). Cool rice cakes (lianggao) are made by steaming glutinous rice flour, using it as a wrapper, filling it with sesame and white sugar, and sprinkling it with rice flour. On the surface, they look like ai'ou wowos, but they are essentially just a variation of sticky rice cakes (niangao); after a while, when the wind blows on them, they still get hard.
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_2_of_5.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_2_of_5.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e94cbdea5843644b61c03bf5a419b6f23720c663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_2_of_5.md
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 2 of 5)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2116"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2116"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:40Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "be1e661fd9d29be380f290d1a1f0c215e889a1942aa4a7f40a9f885878c0b958"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 2 of 5)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Chongwen:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Southern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This is part 2 of 5.
+
+**Part 2 of 5**
+
+Menkuang Hutong is full of individual stalls run by Hui Muslims. They pay attention to the hygiene of their utensils, and their food focuses on color, aroma, and taste, which attracts many customers and has earned them quite a reputation. Take Baodu Feng, which sells quick-boiled tripe (baodu). The lamb tripe and tripe kernels (duren) are cooked to the perfect texture—neither too tough nor too soft. The sauces, including fermented bean curd (jiang furu), chive flower paste (jiucaihua), and sesame paste (zhima jiang), are fresh and tasty, so the stall is full of customers every day who come for their fame.
+
+**Ye Zufu Talks About Beijing by Ye Zufu**
+
+**7. Bai's Tofu Pudding (doufunao) in Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen.**
+
+Bai's Tofu Pudding is run by an elderly man named Bai. The tofu pudding is incredibly white and tender. The mushroom and lamb gravy (koumo zha yangrou lu) smells so good that it makes your mouth water from far away. When you eat it, you add chili oil or garlic sauce, which is truly wonderful. It is no wonder that many financial professionals in suits squeeze into the market, hunching over on small, narrow stools to enjoy this unique tofu pudding.
+
+Bai's Tofu Pudding has a branch stall at the entrance of Guanghe Tower in the meat market, specifically for theatergoers watching Peking opera. Baodu Feng and Bai's Tofu Pudding also sell freshly baked sesame flatbreads (shaobing). Some individual vendors even bring small baskets of these flatbreads here to sell to customers.
+
+**Ye Zufu Talks About Beijing by Ye Zufu**
+
+**8. Niangao Wang (Rice Cake King) on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+Nian Gao Wang sells traditional northern-style rice cakes (niangao). They are made from glutinous rice or glutinous rice flour, with layers of red bean paste in the middle and topped with shredded green or red silk. Sometimes they also sell pea flour cakes (wandouhuang). In the summer, these rice cakes are kept on large blocks of natural ice to keep them cool and refreshing. In the winter, they are steamed in small bamboo steamers (longti) to keep them soft and hot. When selling them in winter, the vendor takes a plate of steaming rice cakes from the steamer and adds a spoonful of white sugar, making them taste even better.
+
+**Ye Zufu Talks About Beijing by Ye Zufu**
+
+**9. Mujiazhai at Zangjia Bridge outside Qianmen**
+
+My grandmother's family ran a restaurant outside Qianmen at Zangjiaqiao called Mujiazhai, also known as Guangfuguan. If you ask the elders in the southern part of the city, they usually know it. The stir-fried dough bits (chaogeda) at Guangfuguan were made by my grandmother's family. My great-grandmother was a widow. To make a living, she set up a noodle stall selling rice porridge and flour-based foods to passing porters and laborers. My grandmother was also a widow. She managed my great-grandmother's business and worked incredibly hard to build this small restaurant. Two generations of widows ran the place. The name Guangfu uses homophones for the words meaning 'widow's shop.' People say the Little Prince Gong gave it this name to mark it as a widow's restaurant, and that is how it came to be. They specialized in stir-fried dough bits, and this dish became famous.
+
+I heard from my grandmother that the Little Prince Gong loved listening to the operas of Shang Xiaoyun, so he was very close to him. When Shang Xiaoyun first met my grandmother, he thought she looked just like his own mother, from her height to her facial features. He said, 'Old lady, let me adopt you as my godmother!' After saying that, he knelt down and kowtowed, and from then on, she was his godmother. Shang Xiaoyun loved eating stir-fried dough bits, which influenced the Little Prince Gong. He often told the Prince, 'The stir-fried dough bits at my godmother's place are excellent.' The Prince was convinced, so he sent people to carry their own pots, pans, bowls, and stoves to eat there. He held a banquet at Guangfuguan in the private room on the second floor.
+
+My mother invited Madame Mei Lanfang to dinner. Because my mother inherited my grandmother's skills, her stir-fried dough bits tasted different from everyone else's—they really had my grandmother's flavor. She invited Madame Mei, along with Mr. Shang Xiaoyun and his wife, to eat. Shang Xiaoyun was my grandmother's godson, so he just kept eating and eating. Madame Mei said, 'That is enough, brother, stop eating, you are going to burst.'
+
+Born in the South of the City: Decades of Joy and Sorrow on the Stage—Oral history by the three Ma brothers. Ding Yizhuang
+
+(Note by Wang Dongsi: The speaker is Ma Chongnian, nephew of Peking Opera master Ma Lianliang)
+
+**Stir-fried dough bits at Mujiazhai**
+
+Mujiazhai was a small shop, but it was crowded every day with customers waiting to eat the dough bits stir-fried by Sister-in-law Mu herself.
+
+To make stir-fried dough bits, you knead the dough, cut it into dice-sized cubes, and then use your thumb to roll them into small shapes, which we Shanxi people call cat ears (maoerduo). First, you boil them, then stir-fry them with mung bean sprouts, shredded meat, and chives. The juices from the meat and vegetables soak into the dough bits, making them taste the best.
+
+People say Sister-in-law Mu, like the Mapo of Chengdu's Mapo Tofu, first served her neighbors for free before her reputation spread and she became a professional.
+
+In winter at Mujiazhai, you could still eat fresh spring and summer vegetables, such as Chinese toon (xiangchun) mixed with tofu, smashed cucumber, sugar and vinegar pickled dandelion greens (qumacaiya), and small radishes with sesame paste. People say the Mu family restaurant even had a special heated cellar (nuandongzi) to grow these fresh vegetables.
+
+Food of the Hometown: Eating in Beiping. Liu Zhenwei
+
+(Note by Wang Dongsi: The author was born in 1934.)
+
+**10. Xiangjugong halal pastry shop on Qianmen Street**
+
+Wang Dianwen personally oversaw the quality of the pastries (bobo). First, he hired experienced and skilled head pastry chefs (zhang'anren) with high salaries. Second, he insisted on buying high-quality raw materials for making the pastries. Back then, the white flour from Renhe Mill was fine, and the small-mill sesame oil from Xihongmen had a pure flavor; even though they were expensive, Xiangjugong still ordered from them. Sugar and other fruit ingredients were all top-tier products. For example, they paid high prices for the best red and white sugar, bought large thin-skinned walnuts from the Western Hills, sourced locust flower honey, and selected Miyun small dates, Western Hills roses, Shandong pears, Shenzhou honey peaches, and hawthorn jelly (jingao) from Jingao Zhang. Even for eggs, Xiangjugong had specific suppliers. Third, they strictly followed production procedures, from mixing the dough and fruit ingredients to the final baking, being very careful with every step. In the pastry industry, there is a saying: 'Thirty percent making, seventy percent baking.' This means that no matter how carefully or well you do the first few steps, if you do not control the oven fire at the end, the heat might be too high and burn them; or the heat might be too low, and they will not be cooked through. Therefore, in a pastry workshop, besides the head chef, the oven worker is the most important. The head chefs and oven workers hired by Xiangjugong were all highly skilled at the time.
+
+Pastry products are seasonal; in the past, Beijingers ate specific pastries at specific times. For example, people ate sweet rice balls (yuanxiao) on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, sun cakes (taiyanggao) on the second day of the second month for the 'Dragon Raises Its Head' festival, wisteria cakes (tengluobing) when wisteria bloomed in the third month, sticky rice dumplings (zongzi) and five-poison cakes (wudubing) during the Dragon Boat Festival in the fifth month, mung bean cakes (lvdougao) to beat the heat in the sixth and seventh months, red and white mooncakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival in the eighth month, flower cakes (huagao) for the 'climbing high' custom in the ninth month, and in the cold winter months, wealthy families ate hibiscus cakes (furonggao), while ordinary families ate oven-fired cakes (ganglu)—which were pastries made while testing the oven temperature that had rough, broken edges but were still high quality. Xiangjugong produced and supplied all these pastries on time. for holidays, the fasting month of Ramadan, the Eid al-Fitr celebration, and visiting relatives and friends, it was customary to use large and small gift sets (bajian) as presents. The small and large eight-piece pastries (ba jian) made by Xiangjugong are very famous in the southern part of Beijing.
+
+**Miscellaneous Talks on Old Beijing by Wang Yongbin.**
+
+**11. Ha's sesame flatbread (shaobing) shop at Liulichang outside Hepingmen**
+
+**Haji Sesame Flatbread Shop (Haji Shaobing Pu)**
+
+In my childhood memories, the snacks sold at Haji Sesame Flatbread Shop, located at the northeast corner of the east entrance of West Liulichang, were the most authentic.
+
+This was a halal sesame flatbread shop opened by five brothers with the surname Ha. Compared to other nearby shops, it had a small storefront but the busiest business. Besides selling soy milk, sesame flatbreads (shaobing), and fried dough cakes (youbing), they also had snacks like top-grade sesame flatbreads (yipin shaobing), thick buns (dun bobo), and fried egg pockets (zha hebao). At that time, my favorite things to eat were thick buns and fried egg pockets.
+
+Thick buns are small and made from leavened dough. They are mixed with lye, white sugar, and sweet osmanthus, then pinched into small pieces, pressed into thick, flat circles, and cooked over low heat on a griddle. After both sides turn yellow, they are baked in an oven until hard, without any burnt bits. After baking, a square or round red dot is stamped on them. The yellow and white colors with the red look beautiful, and they taste sweet, soft, and springy, with a bit of toughness that makes them great to chew. After chewing repeatedly, you can taste the faint wheat aroma from the leavened dough of the thick bun itself. The flavor is unique and makes my mouth water.
+
+When mentioning fried egg pockets, some people might think it is just fried eggs, but that is not the case. Haji's fried egg pockets have a special flavor. They use dough for fried dough cakes, roll out two pieces of similar size, put them together, and pinch three sides shut to form a pocket, or what you could call a pouch shape. They crack an egg, pour it into the pocket, sprinkle a little salt, and then pinch the opening tight. They put it into a pan of oil and control the heat carefully. The fried pockets come out crispy on the outside and tender on the inside, suitable for both the old and the young.
+
+**"Our Old Beijing" by Li Weiji**
+
+**Haji Kite Shop, Haji Restaurant**
+
+The location of "Haji Kite Shop" was at the north side of the east entrance of West Liulichang in the southern part of Beijing, which is the northwest corner of the intersection, today on the east side of Hongbaotang. It started as two sheds, then changed into two small storefront rooms. At that time, my grandfather and his fifth brother were local volunteer firefighters. If a fire broke out nearby, someone from the family had to go help put it out. In return, the fire brigade gave the two brothers two small rooms to stay in, and that is where they lived.
+
+Although it was called the Haji Kite Shop, they did not sell kites all the time. Kite flying in Beijing was very seasonal, so they only sold kites from the Spring Festival until the third lunar month. During the other three seasons, they ran a Hui Muslim snack shop called the Haji Eatery. Later, they added a shed outside the rooms to block the wind and rain. It was bigger than the two rooms and served as a place for neighbors near Liulichang and passersby to eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner. This was their main business.
+
+The Haji Eatery sold sesame flatbread (shaobing) and fried dough twists (mahua) in the morning, and beef noodles and other meals at noon and night to support a family of several dozen people. Many neighbors nearby would buy on credit and settle their bills once a month. During the Spring Festival and the months of early spring, the eatery switched to selling kites to support the family.
+
+Haji Kites by Ha Yiqi (Note by Wang Dongsi: The author is the fourth-generation successor of the Haji Kite tradition).
+
+**12. Nanlaishun snack shop at Caishikou outside Xuanwumen**
+
+Nanlaishun Snack Shop was a spacious hall. Aside from the door, there were snacks all around the perimeter, with rows of dining tables in the middle and square stools for customers to sit on. Let's start from the east door: to the left, from south to north, were all desserts. They mainly sold layered sticky rice cake (qiegao) here. I have loved eating this since I was a child. These cakes were placed on a large wooden board, about 60 centimeters wide, 80 centimeters long, and 10 centimeters thick, with four or five layers of bean paste and glutinous rice. The top of the layered sticky rice cake was decorated with large red dates, which looked very beautiful. Buying two liang (100 grams) of cake cost 8 cents per liang, so 16 cents total, plus two liang of food ration coupons. Even though it was only two liang, the master cutting the cake would use a long knife to slice it in one go, weigh it on a scale, and put it on a plate. The layers were clearly visible, and with white sugar sprinkled on top, it was incredibly tempting. One bite was full of fragrance and sweetness; it was delicious. Besides layered sticky rice cake, they sold various old Beijing sweet snacks, including steamed rice cakes (aiwowo), rolled glutinous rice rolls (lvdagun), honey fried dough twists (mi mahua, also called tang'erduo), sugar-filled baked cakes (tanghuoshao), steamed buns (dun'er bobo), and pea flour cakes (wandouhuang). If you love sweets, you will be satisfied here!
+
+Let's talk about the long counter from east to west. They sold savory snacks here, such as tofu pudding (doufunao), soy milk, fried dough cakes (youbing), fried dough sticks (youtiao), ring-shaped fried dough (jiequan), crispy crackers (baocui), sesame flatbread (shaobing), baked cakes (huoshao), and twisted rolls (luosizhuan). The tofu pudding was authentic; the gravy was a masterpiece, made with minced meat, daylily buds, wood ear mushrooms, and eggs, with a layer of Sichuan peppercorn oil floating on top. It cost one liang of food ration coupons and 8 cents a bowl. When the server scooped up the tender white tofu and poured the gravy over it, then sprinkled a pinch of cilantro on top, a tempting bowl of tofu pudding was handed to you. If you like it spicy, there were chili oil, minced garlic, and vinegar on the table for you to add yourself. If you bought two freshly baked sesame flatbreads and a fried dough cake, hey, you had a complete, delicious breakfast.
+
+After finishing the east-to-west section, let's turn to the counter from north to south. They mainly sold meat pies here, with beef and green onion filling (I don't remember if they had meat-filled pancakes). The meat pies here were another specialty. You could smell the aroma from far away. As you got closer, you could not only smell them but also hear the tempting sizzling sound as they were being pan-fried. You could not only hear it but see it too. The master chef worked right behind the counter, so every customer could watch the whole process of making the meat pie (roubing). When you saw those golden-brown meat pies sizzling with oil and smelling so good, how could you not want to try one?
+
+They also sold red bean porridge (xiaodouzhou) and sticky rice porridge (jiangmizhou). If you came for lunch, you could order two meat pies and a bowl of red bean porridge. With sliced salted vegetables on the table, tell me, doesn't that sound wonderful?
+
+**Memories of Niujie by Chen Chunxi**
+
+**13. Zhengxingde tea house at Caishikou outside Xuanwumen**
+
+In the 1950s and 60s, my mother always walked from Niujie to Caishikou to buy tea at the old shop Zhengxingde. It was a halal tea shop, and most Niujie residents went there. She usually bought the tea that cost 40 cents per liang, which smelled quite fragrant when brewed. I often went with my mother to buy tea. As soon as we stepped into the shop, we smelled the jasmine tea. That scent has stayed in my memory ever since.
+
+Back then, they did not use plastic bags. Everything was wrapped by hand in paper. The clerk would wrap it however the customer wanted, like buying four liang and splitting it into two two-liang packages. If you bought one jin, they would make two half-jin packages. Of course, some people just bought one package. The clerk's wrapping technique was amazing. They folded the paper into a perfect square that looked very solid. Then they stacked the two packages together, tied them with a paper string in a cross pattern, and made a handle on top so the customer could just hook a finger through and carry it away. That tea package was quite stylish at the time. During holidays when visiting relatives and friends, you would place the tea package on the table, and it looked both grand and traditional.
+
+**Memories of Niujie by Chen Chunxi**
+
+**14. Scalded dough fried cake (tangmian zhagao) at the Hui Muslim breakfast shop a short distance left from the east entrance of Xiangluying Sitiao Hutong outside Xuanwumen**
+
+When I think of the hot-water dough fried cake (tangmian zhagao), I don't know why this simple old Beijing snack has disappeared from the streets and restaurants. Actually, in the 1950s and 60s, almost every snack shop run by Hui Muslims sold them. they were an essential snack at temple fairs in the capital back then.
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_2_of_5____S.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_2_of_5____S.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..315a7e784518161b675b552c10b73f5bfcd866a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_2_of_5____S.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 2 of 5) — Section 2 of 2 — Block 3 of 3"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2127"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2127"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:34Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "e401926f47c60ef8fd7c9950cdfb1dbe00a7ff6a848e4feb5683d4b96019f7ed"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 2 of 5) — Section 2 of 2 — Block 3 of 3
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Chongwen:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Southern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This final block is 3 of 3.
+
+**Block 3 of 3**
+
+Back then, they did not use plastic bags. Everything was wrapped by hand in paper. The clerk would wrap it however the customer wanted, like buying four liang and splitting it into two two-liang packages. If you bought one jin, they would make two half-jin packages. Of course, some people just bought one package. The clerk's wrapping technique was amazing. They folded the paper into a perfect square that looked very solid. Then they stacked the two packages together, tied them with a paper string in a cross pattern, and made a handle on top so the customer could just hook a finger through and carry it away. That tea package was quite stylish at the time. During holidays when visiting relatives and friends, you would place the tea package on the table, and it looked both grand and traditional.
+
+**Memories of Niujie by Chen Chunxi**
+
+**14. Scalded dough fried cake (tangmian zhagao) at the Hui Muslim breakfast shop a short distance left from the east entrance of Xiangluying Sitiao Hutong outside Xuanwumen**
+
+When I think of the hot-water dough fried cake (tangmian zhagao), I don't know why this simple old Beijing snack has disappeared from the streets and restaurants. Actually, in the 1950s and 60s, almost every snack shop run by Hui Muslims sold them. they were an essential snack at temple fairs in the capital back then.
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_3_of_5.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_3_of_5.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a181797c58912da57cea9dfaf31c2906e2408eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_3_of_5.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 3 of 5)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2095"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2095"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:39Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "9f60922a68151705934eac20368d274f033c4340f3c4452ad1784a52aeffcae9"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 3 of 5)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Chongwen:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Southern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This is part 3 of 5.
+
+**Part 3 of 5**
+
+When I was a child in the early 1950s, a breakfast shop run by Hui Muslims just a short walk from the east end of our alley sold these fried cakes. These fried cakes were flat and round, and they turned brown or dark red after being deep-fried. I remember some shops sold hot-water dough fried cakes (tangmian zhagao) that seemed to have a red stamp-like mark on one side. I do not know what the character was, but it looked very unique.
+
+The preparation method is said to be simple: pour near-boiling water into a measured amount of flour, then stir and knead it until smooth. Then, mix brown sugar or white sugar with a little dry flour to make the filling. After wrapping the filling inside, pat it into a flat round shape by hand, drop it into a pot of oil to fry, and once both sides turn brownish-red (or dark red), use a strainer to scoop it out for sale.
+
+The hot-water dough fried cake fresh out of the pot tastes a bit crispy, a bit sweet, and seems to have a bit of chewiness. The filling inside is like an open honey pot, thick, fragrant, and sweet, with a unique flavor. People say every shop or individual selling hot-water dough fried cakes has their own special tricks, but these mostly come down to heat control, the filling, and kneading techniques. I thought the hot-water dough fried cake was delicious when I ate it at a snack shop, and I heard that the owner added a little osmanthus to the filling.
+
+Casual Talk on Beijing Past: Beijing Snacks Fried Cakes and Hot-Water Dough Fried Cakes. Ma Tianji
+
+**15. Jubaoyuan on Niujie**
+
+Jubaoyuan is located in the middle section of Niujie Street, at the corner of Shouliu Hutong on the east side of the road. It has two storefronts, and above the door hangs a black plaque with gold characters written in vigorous regular script: Jubaoyuan Beef and Mutton Shop. Inside the door is a large wooden counter, and on the counter are two large white square enamel trays containing ground beef and mutton. Above the counter is an iron pipe with many iron hooks, from which trimmed beef and mutton hang for customers to choose from. Meat was very cheap back then; mutton was 71 cents a jin, and beef was 70 cents a jin. My mother often sent me to buy meat. She would give me 14 cents and say, 'Go to Jubaoyuan and buy two liang of mutton. Get the fatty kind; we are having soybean paste noodles (zhajiangmian) today.' Because I went there so often, I got to know the salesperson. In my memory, the meat seller was a young man named Ma. He was fair-skinned, had a long face, and was very friendly to people. Everyone called him Little Ma. As soon as I arrived, he would say to me, 'Xiao Si, you are here. How much are you buying?' 'Do you want beef or mutton?' Are you having soybean paste noodles (zhajiangmian) again? I said, "Give me two liang of lamb, and make it fatty." "Alright!" Little Ma quickly cut the meat for me, weighed it, and handed it over, saying, "Here you go!" At this point, you might ask: why buy fatty meat? To be honest, I am talking about the 1950s and 60s. Life was hard back then. You needed a ration book or coupons to buy anything. Each person only got half a jin of cooking oil a month, which was never enough. That is why we bought fatty meat; it made the fried sauce smell so good!
+
+**Memories of Niujie by Chen Chunxi**
+
+**16. The large halal canteen at the north entrance of Niujie Street.**
+
+This canteen had no formal name, but in my memory, it was just called the "Niujie Halal Canteen," and it was state-run. It was not until the late 1970s that it was renamed "Liangyixuan." The sign was written by Yang Jingren.
+
+This big canteen was very popular with the locals, and it was always crowded for all three meals. For breakfast, they served sesame flatbread (shaobing), spiral rolls (luosizhuan), steamed buns (dun'er bobo), soy milk, and tofu pudding (doufunao). These were all snacks Beijingers loved, and they tasted great. The beef and green onion steamed buns (baozi) were especially good. They cost ten cents each and were delicious. One bite and the oil would ooze out, revealing a solid meatball inside. If you had a bowl of red bean porridge and two liang of buns, you had a complete breakfast.
+
+At noon, they served main meals, mostly rice and stir-fried dishes. They had other things too, like stir-fried flatbread (chaobing). They made two kinds: vegetarian and meat, served in half-jin portions. The vegetarian one cost 25 cents and half a jin of grain coupons, while the meat one cost 30 cents and half a jin of grain coupons. The flatbread was stir-fried perfectly, with great color, smell, and taste. It was truly delicious. The stir-fried dishes were also very authentic. They were mostly home-style dishes, both vegetarian and meat. The cheapest vegetarian dish, braised fried tofu puffs (shaodou Pao), was only 25 cents, and meat dishes were only 30 or 40 cents. The braised eggplant (shao qiezi) there tastes amazing. The vegetarian version is 28 cents, and the meat version is 36 cents. It is a truly authentic Beijing flavor. Also, their pan-seared lamb (guota yangrou), stir-fried egg with vinegar (culiu muxu), and stir-fried lamb with scallions (congbao yangrou) have a unique taste and capture the special style of old Beijing cuisine.
+
+When the weather gets cold, they also serve hot pot (shuanguozi), with lamb slices (shuan yangrou) and beef tripe (shuan baiye), which are all very good. I watched the chef slice the lamb myself. On a large cutting board, he had a fresh piece of lamb leg. He held the meat down with his left hand, using a white cloth on top of the meat—perhaps to keep it from slipping—and held a knife in his right hand. The knife was over a foot long and two inches wide with a square tip, and it looked very sharp. I saw the chef rub, pull, and swipe the knife across the meat, and a paper-thin slice of lamb fell away. His movements were very fast, and he filled a large plate in no time. Just go ahead and eat; it is guaranteed to be fresh and tender.
+
+**Memories of Niujie by Chen Chunxi**
+
+**17. A child selling malt sugar sticks (maiyatang) on Niujie Street.**
+
+In Niujie, when children are just five or six years old, their parents give them a cardboard cigarette box. The four corners of the box are tied with thin strings, and it is filled with malt sugar sticks (maiyatang gun). The children walk through the alleys calling out, 'One bets for two!' This is a type of gambling business. If you do not gamble, one copper coin buys one malt sugar stick. If you want to gamble, both the buyer and seller take a stick and place them on a step. They use one hand to tap the sticks, and whoever taps theirs further wins. If the buyer wins, they get to eat two sticks, which is why it is called 'one bets for two'.
+
+As the children grow a bit older, they learn to do business by carrying baskets to sell boiled peanuts, and in the summer, they sell things like salted long beans, cooked peas, and ice-covered hawthorn berries (binghe). Although they do not make much profit, they learn the skills of running a small business from a young age. When they get even older, they can change what they sell based on the season, a practice known as 'zazhua'.
+
+**Beijing Niujie by Liu Dongsheng and Liu Shenglin.**
+
+**18. A vendor selling sticky rice cake (qiegao) on Niujie Street.**
+
+Hui Muslims in Niujie sell many types of sticky rice cake (qiegao), all made from sticky flour using ingredients like glutinous rice (jiangmi) or broomcorn millet (huangmi). Sticky rice cakes evolved into many varieties like aiwowo, yellow bean flour cakes (huangmian doumiangao), rolling donkey cakes (ludagun), and the New Year rice cake mounds (niangao tuor) eaten around the Spring Festival. There is also a porridge-like dish made from yellow rice called mogao. These are all sticky rice products, but they are not considered qiegao.
+
+The qiegao people usually talk about includes these types: cakes made from yellow flour with kidney beans or peas, steamed basin cakes (pengao) made with dates in a perforated basin, sticky rice flour cakes with red bean paste and dates, fermented bean cakes (douchigao) made by mixing sticky rice flour with crushed cooked kidney beans, and rolled cakes (juangao) filled with pea paste and red bean paste (these taste better when heated in a small steamer during winter). There are also New Year rice cakes (niangao) made from steamed sticky rice. Qiegao ingredients vary in quality, and the processing ranges from fine to coarse. Some are mixed with rice flour, commonly called benmian. This lower-quality version is cheaper, but many people still enjoy eating it. Qiegao vendors push a single-wheeled handcart with a long wooden cutting board on top. Near the handles, they stand a bamboo tube to hold money.
+
+There are quite a few famous figures among qiegao vendors. In Niujie, there is a vendor known as Qiegao Zhang, whom everyone, young and old, calls Zhang Liuba. He is famous for his fermented bean cakes and rolled cakes, making him a standout among qiegao sellers. The sticky rice flour, pea paste, and red bean paste he uses for his qiegao are all passed through a fine sieve. His cart is also the most elaborate. The edges of the wooden board and the area around the bamboo tube are inlaid with white and red copper decorations, featuring the hollowed-out words 'Halal Hui Muslim' (Qingzhen Huihui). On the board sits a glass display case with three sides, and it is kept spotless along with his water kettle (tangping) sign. The wooden board is scrubbed so clean that the wood grain is clearly visible. Qiegao Zhang himself looks sharp, wearing a blue cloth jacket, white sleeves rolled up high, a white apron, and a white namaz cap. His cart shines brightly, and he looks full of energy. The qiegao he sells has layers of cake and red bean paste, topped with colorful candied fruit strips (qinghongsi), melon seeds, raisins, and other dried fruits. He also keeps a large bowl of fine white sugar and adds a spoonful for customers upon request. The cart carries a basin of water so he can wash the porcelain plates and bamboo chopsticks as he sells. In winter, when Qiegao Zhang sells his fermented bean cakes, he brings a small stove and a set of small steamers so the cakes are served hot. While other qiegao vendors may not be as meticulous as him, they still keep their carts very clean. Just looking at them makes people hungry.
+
+A qiegao vendor might look like he is just one person pushing a cart down the street, but he is like an actor on stage, while his entire family, young and old, works behind the scenes. This involves grinding sticky rice into flour, boiling small beans into bean paste, and selecting and cooking small dates. After the cake is steamed, it is patted into sheets with a damp cloth, then filled with bean paste and dates. This is usually a full day's work for several people and requires skilled technique. Even so, their profits are not high, as they depend on sales and the weather. During holidays, besides selling from carts, they also make extra cake mounds (gaotuo) to sell, which brings in better income. Some cut-cake sellers gradually became wealthy through good business management. For example, Ma Baogui, known as 'Cut-Cake Ma,' later invested with his brother to open the Jubao Yuan beef and mutton shop on Niujie Street. From the 1940s until the public-private partnership era, it remained a leader among the beef and mutton shops on Niujie Street. As for other cut-cake sellers, most lived in precarious conditions with very unstable lives.
+
+**Beijing Niujie by Liu Dongsheng and Liu Shenglin.**
+
+**19. Steamed corn buns (wotou) from the old neighbors of Niujie Street.**
+
+My mother not only steamed cornmeal buns (wotou) well, but she could also make cornmeal into many varieties, such as 'gold-wrapped-silver' flower rolls (jinguoyin huajuan) (a lovely name for flower rolls made with a small amount of white flour wrapped around cornmeal). Actually, these are just flower rolls made with a little white flour wrapped around cornmeal. She also made shaken dumplings (yaogogo) (cornmeal mixed with a little white flour, shaped into one-centimeter cubes, tossed in a basin with dry flour, and shaken like sweet rice balls (yuanxiao) until they form small spheres, then boiled and topped with fried sauce or gravy) and large-filling dumplings (datuanzi) (the 'large filling' was just cabbage or radish).
+
+But let's not get sidetracked; let's talk about cornmeal buns (wotou) again. My mother's cornmeal buns (wotou) had some variety. Besides regular ones, she sometimes steamed salty ones. She would add salt, chopped green onions, and floating oil cracklings (fuyou zha) to the cornmeal. We Hui Muslims make these by chopping mutton and rendering the fat in a pot; the leftovers are the cracklings. Salty cornmeal buns taste so good! Sweet cornmeal buns (wotou) have a unique flavor. After fermenting the cornmeal, she added brown sugar and sometimes a few large red dates. Those buns were incredibly sweet and delicious, but they were a luxury we rarely ate throughout the year.
+
+**Memories of Niujie by Chen Chunxi**
+
+**20. Soybean paste noodles (zhajiangmian) from the old neighbors of Niujie Street.**
+
+I remember when I was a child, my mother would often give me 14 cents and say, 'Go to Jubao Yuan and buy two taels of mutton, the fatty kind.' Today we are having noodles with fried sauce (zhajiangmian). After I bought the meat, my mother started frying the sauce (the sauce was also bought from Wanji Small Shop for 10 cents). She first chopped the mutton into small pieces, then prepared chopped green onions, sliced garlic, and minced ginger. She heated oil in a wok. Once hot, she stir-fried the meat. When the meat changed color, she added the onions, ginger, and garlic to bring out the aroma. Then she added the sauce, salt, and a little water, stirring constantly with a spatula. The sauce bubbled in the pot. She didn't rush; she fried it for a while until the fragrance came out, then took it off the heat. She poured the fried sauce into a bowl. Because the meat was fatty, a layer of oil floated on top, which looked delicious. The vegetable toppings were simple back then. You just shredded half a cabbage, blanched it in boiling water, and put it on a plate. In winter, you could also shred a 'heart-is-beautiful' radish (xinlimei) as a topping. You could also cut it into chunks to eat with noodles; it was crunchy and had a unique flavor. In summer, you would just scoop up a big bowl of noodles rinsed in cold water (guoshuimian), pour on some fried soybean paste (zhajiang), grab a whole cucumber, and sit on a small stool in the courtyard. Eating a mouthful of noodles with a bite of cucumber was wonderful. It was even better with two stalks of green garlic. Add a little vinegar to your fried soybean paste noodles for a better taste, don't forget!
+
+**Memories of Niujie by Chen Chunxi**
+
+**21. The Barbecue King (Kaorou Wang) at Tianqiao.**
+
+The 'Barbecue King' (Kaorou Wang) is a Hui Muslim who has run a barbecue stall on the open ground west of the Tianqiao market for decades. Now there is a building next to his stall called the Fuyuanhao Restaurant, and the Barbecue King sets up his stall right outside it. In summer, he sells various braised noodles and quick-boiled tripe (baodu). Every year at the start of autumn (Liqiu), he adds grilled and shabu-shabu beef and lamb, as well as crabs from Shengfang Town. Many people in Beijing sell barbecue, but the one in Tianqiao is unique, and the iron grill grate he uses is truly different from the rest. Every autumn, people flock there to eat. Regardless of whether the weather is hot or cold, he always starts selling the new items on the day of the start of autumn. I passed by there last night and saw many people gathered around the fire eating, all of them sweating profusely. They say the Barbecue King got his name because his business is honest and he never mixes other meats with his beef and lamb, though his prices are a bit higher than elsewhere. I heard his prices this year are 40 copper coins per plate of meat, plus a 10-coin pot fee per person.
+
+**A Glimpse of Tianqiao, Chen Bao, August 13, 1927, by Mingong.**
+
+**Others**
+
+**1. Hui Muslim businesses roaming the streets and alleys.**
+
+'Miancha, get your millet flour porridge (miancha)!' The stalls selling millet flour porridge are often set up on the side of the road in busy areas. The front of the carrying pole holds a stove with a clay pot on top, simmering millet flour tea (miancha). A large square wooden tray sits on the edge of the pot, with a small deep copper basin resting on the side, filled with sesame paste, a small tube for sprinkling salt and pepper, and small enamel spoons in a blue-rimmed porcelain bowl. In the middle of the square tray sits a copper plaque inscribed with Arabic script or the Chinese characters for 'Halal Hui Muslim' (Qingzhen Huihui), and some even say 'Western Regions Hui Muslim' (Xiyu Huihui). Red cloth strips hang below the plaque, signaling that this is a traditional food business run by Hui Muslims. When serving, the vendor uses a betel nut-shaped spoon to scoop the millet flour tea into a bowl, then uses a pair of chopsticks to flick sesame paste from the small copper basin onto the tea quickly and evenly, before sprinkling salt and pepper over the top. When drinking the millet flour tea, you should sip it while rotating the bowl, or use the small enamel spoon to slide it along the edge; you must not mix the tea and sesame paste together, or it will thin out and lose its good flavor.
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_4_of_5.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_4_of_5.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 4 of 5)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2117"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2117"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:41Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "24c393691bf1ae8fa2df2f7294fc241cc924f84f7fc94b30f758ff5e53b35efa"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 4 of 5)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Chongwen:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Southern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This is part 4 of 5.
+
+**Part 4 of 5**
+
+The front carrying pole holds a large square wooden basin, and a copper plaque reading 'Western Regions Hui Muslim' (Xiyu Huihui) is displayed on the tray. In the center of the tray sits a copper pot filled with a savory sauce made from beef or lamb and button mushrooms (koumo). A long-handled flat copper spoon is used to serve the sauce, and spare bowls, small enamel spoons, and seasonings are placed on the edge of the tray. The rear carrying pole holds a deep, straight-sided pot filled with soft tofu custard (doufunao). The pot is wrapped in a cotton cover to keep it warm, as this tofu custard is much softer than standard firm tofu (laodoufu); eating a bowl of tofu custard topped with savory sauce, with garlic juice or chili oil added to taste, and served with sesame flatbread (shaobing) or baked wheat cake (huoshao), makes for an affordable and delicious meal. The tofu custard vendor does not travel through the alleys but stays parked at the street corner.
+
+The vendor selling starch jelly sheets (fenpi) with sauce arrives, carrying a pot of beef or lamb and button mushroom sauce along with stacks of prepared starch jelly sheets, though some vendors make the sheets fresh on the spot; this is another unique food made by Hui Muslims. Every day after noon, the starch jelly sheet vendor goes out to walk the streets and alleys; some residents in the alleys bring their own bowls to take the food home, while passersby eat right at the stall using the bowls and chopsticks provided by the vendor. On a hot summer day, buying a bowl of sliced starch jelly sheets topped with a handful of shredded cucumber, even with the savory sauce, feels refreshing and light rather than greasy.
+
+'Beef liver, beef!' 'Beef head!' The vendor pushes a single-wheeled cart with a cutting board and round bamboo steamers containing soy-braised beef, soy-braised beef tripe, beef tripe, beef offal, and beef head meat. to selling while walking the streets during the day, they also do business at night. The cart also hangs a 'Western Regions Hui Muslim' (Xiyu Huihui) copper plaque, so at a glance, you know it is a business run by Hui Muslims.
+
+Customs and Anecdotes: Walking the streets and alleys to sell snacks. Liu Jiuru
+
+**2. A halal rice cake (niangao) stall at the temple fair.**
+
+The halal rice cake (nian gao) stalls at temple fairs change with the seasons and have everything you could want. In summer, they sell iced rice cakes and sticky rice dumplings (zongzi). In spring and autumn, they offer fried cakes (zha gao), cold rice cakes, lotus root with sticky rice (nuomi ou), steamed rice flour cakes (aiwowo), and rolled soybean flour cakes (ludagun). Only the "vegetarian dish" (su cai) is sold for three seasons.
+
+The "vegetarian dish" is a type of honey-preserved tea snack. It is mainly made of fried sweet potato chips, mixed with honey dates, dried apricots, fried lotus root pieces, hawthorn cake, and green plums. It is then tossed in honey syrup and sold by weight. Fried sweet potato chips make up eighty percent of this dish, and they are the tastiest and most popular part. They are crispy, sweet, and crunchy, and the honey is not sticky, so you do not get tired of eating them even if you have a lot. The other ingredients have their own candied flavors and cost more than the sweet potato chips. As a tea snack, it is a top-tier treat. As for why it is called a "vegetarian dish," the reason is not clear.
+
+Fried cakes (zha gao) are also a halal food, made by wrapping red bean paste in yellow millet flour and deep-frying it. They are also sweet, sticky, and crispy, but unlike the "vegetarian dish," they are not only found at temple fair stalls. Fried cakes can be seen everywhere. Products from halal stalls share one common advantage: they are clean and hygienic, which gives people peace of mind.
+
+**Memories of Snacks: Jin Yunzhen**
+
+**3. Mutton stall (yangrou chuangzi).**
+
+Look at how clean the larger mutton stalls (yangrou chuangzi) are. The table for the mutton and the poles for hanging the meat are scrubbed until they are spotless. The edges of the table are lined with copper nails that are always polished until they shine.
+
+The scale on the counter has a white copper pan, white copper chains, and a white copper weight. The Hui Muslim shopkeeper always handles it with a loud clatter, banging and crashing it down. He picks it up and drops it several times; I guess that is just the custom at the mutton stall (yangrou chuangzi).
+
+In the old days, Beijing did not seem to have slaughterhouses, because sheep were slaughtered right at the door of the mutton stall. At a large mutton stall, early every morning, five or six large sheep would be tied up with a wooden blood basin placed nearby, waiting for the head imam (ahong) to come and recite prayers.
+
+The Muslim imam, wearing a grey cotton robe and a black mandarin jacket (magua), would arrive by rickshaw—since he had to visit many mutton stalls each morning, he traveled by rickshaw to make his rounds—carrying a cloth bag containing the knives for slaughtering the sheep. When he reached the counter, he would take out his knife, mutter a prayer, and with one swift stroke across the sheep's neck held down by two young men, the blood would pour out; the sheep would stretch its legs, twitch a few times, and then go still.
+
+Afterward, they would peel off the skin, cut off the head, chop off the hooves, remove the offal, wash everything clean with water, and hang the meat on a pole using copper meat hooks. Look at how fatty it is!
+
+When it comes to northern sheep, few can compare to them, except for those from the Northwest. In the summer, they graze on green grass, becoming round and plump with thick wool, and their large tails drag behind them like a big pot lid.
+
+If you go to a large mutton stall in the winter to buy meat for hot pot (shuan guozi), they will always take good care of you. There are cuts of meat like the neck (shangnao'er), the leg muscle (huangguatiao), the flank (yaowo), and the brisket (sancha'er); they cut exactly what you point to, and they have everything you could want. Once you leave Beijing, you can find mutton hot pot everywhere, but it is just mutton!
+
+I remember before the war, in the old capital, one silver dollar could buy four jin of good mutton delivered to your door. Add some cabbage and glass noodles (fentiao), and one dollar's worth of meat was enough to feed three or four people. It was warm and satisfying; it was wonderful.
+
+In the summer, every mutton stall sells fried mutton (shao yangrou). The meat, just out of the fryer, is placed on a large copper tray, and the aroma is so strong you can smell it from a mile away.
+
+For an afternoon snack, if you have a few coins, you can buy a pair of sheep hooves or a piece of shank (jianzi), and eat it with two sesame flatbreads (shaobing); it is incredibly delicious. If you bring home a large sheep head, your family can make some pancakes, boil a pot of rice porridge (shui fan), and on a hot day, it is neither greasy nor too heavy, and it really satisfies your cravings. The sheep neck has a bit more meat and is even better to eat than the head.
+
+If your family is small, dinner is easy to put together. Just take a pot to the mutton stall, buy seven or eight mao worth of fried mutton, and tell the shopkeeper, 'Boss, add some extra broth!' Once you get home, bring the pot of meat and broth to a boil, add a few coins' worth of noodles, and you have fried mutton noodles. Forget about leaving Beiping.
+
+Most lamb stalls (yangrou chuangzi) have a separate area to sell lamb buns (yangrou baozi) to go. They squeeze the dough into shape with their hands. In winter, they are filled with lamb and cabbage, and in summer, lamb and chives. Every time a steamer is ready, the apprentice shouts: 'Lamb buns are here!' Fresh from the steamer, get them while they're hot!
+
+Some lamb stalls also sell medicine. They hang a sign nearby that says 'Lamb Liver Eye-Brightening Pills' (yanggan mingmu wan), and they are all tested and approved with a license from the health bureau. Some also sell sesame paste flatbread (zhima jiang shaobing) and brown sugar cakes (tang huoshao), which are made with flour and brown sugar. They are yellowish and stamped with a red mark on top. They also carry honey-glazed fried dough twists (mi mahua), which are extremely sweet. That is the full range of side businesses found at a lamb stall.
+
+Some lamb stalls also sell pickled cabbage (suancai). Whatever amount you buy, they tie it up with a piece of iris grass (malian cao) and hand it to you. If you buy some lamb to go with it, you can make a pot of hot lamb and pickled cabbage noodle soup. It is warm, refreshing, and delicious!
+
+Mentioning pickled cabbage reminds me of winters in the old capital, when every family used small coal-ball stoves. Impatient people couldn't wait for the fire to catch properly, so they would bring the stove inside while it was still emitting blue flames. The coal gas could suffocate a person. Every winter, quite a few people actually died from this. The special remedy for 'coal gas poisoning' didn't require going to a pharmacy or calling a doctor. You just had to go to a lamb stall, buy a large portion of pickled cabbage, ask for extra broth, and pour the ice-cold, teeth-chattering cabbage soup into the victim's mouth. For mild cases, a few sips of the sour, cool liquid would make them feel better in no time.
+
+Beiping Customs: Lamb Stalls. Chen Hongnian
+
+**4. Shopkeeper Hua, who sells beef head meat from a wheelbarrow.**
+
+Back then, the street cry went like this: 'Beef liver!' Beef head meat! Beef liver for sale, hey, hey! Beef head meat for sale! The wheelbarrow creaked as it rolled over the fallen leaves of late autumn, sometimes accompanied by a few drifting snowflakes. With the weather turning hot and cold, it is the perfect time for nourishing food. Most families can afford a few ounces of beef head meat, which is reasonably priced and tastes pretty good. My grandmother never bought from strangers; she only trusted the halal shop run by Manager Hua.
+
+Manager Hua told me his ancestors had been doing this for generations. They never opened a storefront, but followed the tradition of walking through the streets and alleys to sell their goods. Manager Hua’s beef head meat was so popular that even if he went as far as Qianmen, he would always sell out completely. Whether they wore long gowns or mandarin jackets, everyone loved this treat. If he ran into military officers or police, he had to bow and scrape, and even offer a little bribe.
+
+Halal means being particular. The slaughter is handled by an imam, who performs the proper rites before the blade draws blood, showing respect for a life. When you think about it, a cow works hard its whole life, only occasionally rolling its eyes or acting stubborn, but it never misses a day of work. Even when it can no longer walk, it gives its life for humans, making it a creature worthy of respect. Halal means being clean. There is not a single flaw, as they always strive for perfection. For so many years, as long as a shop has a halal sign, I trust it. I can eat the meat with peace of mind. Halal means being honest. They do not cheat people, shortchange them, or take advantage of the small, perhaps because these rules have been passed down for so many years. Halal means being loyal. As long as you visit his business often and become a regular customer, he will never overcharge you. Instead, he will always give you a little extra on the house.
+
+Shopkeeper Hua lived in the crowded courtyard behind my grandmother's house, where a dozen families all ran small businesses to make a living. When the northwest wind blew, the smell of meat would drift right into our noses, and we knew for sure Shopkeeper Hua was processing beef head (niutourou)! To be honest, beef head is the only real meat, while everything else is just beef offal (niuzasui). Besides beef liver, he had beef tendon, beef lung, and beef tripe. After Shopkeeper Hua added spices to remove the gamey smell, clear away the bad taste, and bring out the aroma, it smelled so good you wanted to grab a few bites right away to satisfy your cravings. Shopkeeper Hua's beef offal had a unique, fragrant taste, and chatty neighbors often asked him for his secret. It is not any different from what everyone else makes, is it? Shopkeeper Hua just smiled honestly, saying nothing at all. Yellow rice wine, star anise, green onion, ginger, garlic, cardamom, bay leaves, Sichuan peppercorns, and salt—these are all common kitchen spices, but the taste of Shopkeeper Hua's food was different from the usual street stalls. People said he used a few traditional Chinese medicinal herbs that were the secret of the Hua family, passed down through generations and never revealed to outsiders. Shopkeeper Hua's honest smile was just his way of being polite to people.
+
+Shopkeeper Hua's wheelbarrow was very distinctive. It had a wooden wheel with a copper axle, and the wheel was inlaid with shiny copper nails inside and out. The top of the cart was covered in galvanized sheet metal, polished until it shone. The cooked beef head and various types of beef offal were kept in separate round wicker baskets. A long, sharp knife was fixed in one spot to keep it from shaking. A white cloth covered all the cooked food tightly.
+
+When Auntie Zhang saw the cart hadn't moved from the doorway, she quickly greeted him, 'Give me half a jin of beef head, with Sichuan peppercorn salt!' Shopkeeper Hua lifted the cloth, picked up a small piece, and asked, 'How about this piece?' Seeing Auntie Zhang nod, he put it on the scale. It is a generous portion, don't you see? As he spoke, he used a long knife to slice the meat so thin that if you held a piece of paper with writing on it behind the slice, you could still read the words!
+
+Shopkeeper, please put together a pound of mixed offal (zasui), add plenty of tendon (tijin), serve it cold, and put in lots of chili oil! Whenever guests come to Uncle Li's house, they all love this dish with their drinks. While Shopkeeper Hua finished slicing and mixing, Uncle Li quickly popped a piece into his mouth while waiting for his change. To use one word: impatient. His mouth was even more eager than his hands. Just like that, before the wheelbarrow even left the alley, several pounds were already gone.
+
+You might ask, do Shopkeeper Hua's descendants still do this business? To tell you the truth, his sons are all highly educated, and his grandchildren are either studying abroad or working as white-collar professionals in the capital. Selling beef head meat and using a wheelbarrow? That seems to have nothing to do with their life paths. Whenever someone mentions how good the beef tasted when Shopkeeper Hua was alive, no one in the Hua family picks up the conversation. Well! The ancestral flavor of the Hua family just ended right there! People say one white-collar grandson had the intention to change careers, but who could he ask for the secret recipe? What happened then? There was no follow-up. Even if there were a resolution, no one knows. Think about it, the urban jungle is a maze; even in the same building, who really knows anyone else?
+
+**Old Beijing Stories 3 by Liu Hui**
+
+**5. Bai Family Sesame Flatbread Shop (shaobing pu).**
+
+Since I dare to say that sesame flatbread (shaobing) shops aren't as good as they used to be, I can give you a hundred reasons why. When I lived in the alleyway (hutong), there was a sesame flatbread (shaobing) shop right next door. The owner was named Bai, a Hui Muslim who always wore a white cap, a white shirt, and a white apron without a single speck of dirt on them. He was about sixty, so I had to call him Grandpa. He never made a big deal about selling authentic Beijing-style sesame flatbread (shaobing), but I heard all the old folks say they grew up eating the Bai family's bread. Thinking about it, I was the same; if the alleyway hadn't been torn down, I would still be eating the bread made by the younger generation of the Bai family.
+
+The Bai Family Sesame Flatbread Shop had a simple sign with white characters on a blue background. The sign marked as halal lets you rest easy knowing that this shop is clean. The Bai family mainly sold pepper-salt baked flatbread (jiaoyan huoshao), spiral-shaped rolls (luosizhuan), brown sugar baked flatbread (hongtang huoshao), and leavened baked flatbread (famian huoshao). The most popular item was the sesame flatbread (shaobing), which had three things in abundance: lots of sesame seeds, lots of sesame paste, and lots of layers. It had two types of crispness: a crispy crust and crispy sesame seeds. It had five types of fragrance: the fragrance of the crust, the sesame seeds, the sesame paste, the inside, and the lingering taste in your mouth. Through all the years, winter or summer, it always tasted the same. One time, my grandmother was waiting in line and casually asked about the secret to his baking, and he replied, "The ingredients must never change; you have to keep a clear conscience." Old Man Bai answered while spreading sesame paste onto the dough. It seemed like he didn't give away the real secret, but when you think about it, it was actually quite clear and he wasn't hiding anything.
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_4_of_5____S.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_4_of_5____S.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4083fb2c8e7e250e09ab74eb40ccdccb89bbf8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_4_of_5____S.md
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 4 of 5) — Section 2 of 2 — Block 1 of 2"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2129"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2129"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:31Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "0b2fe716d788a65a7d532bf497a562805d5c4a7c033988107fda5f08dc83e4f8"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 4 of 5) — Section 2 of 2 — Block 1 of 2
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Chongwen:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Southern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This final block is 1 of 2.
+
+**Block 1 of 2**
+
+Mentioning pickled cabbage reminds me of winters in the old capital, when every family used small coal-ball stoves. Impatient people couldn't wait for the fire to catch properly, so they would bring the stove inside while it was still emitting blue flames. The coal gas could suffocate a person. Every winter, quite a few people actually died from this. The special remedy for 'coal gas poisoning' didn't require going to a pharmacy or calling a doctor. You just had to go to a lamb stall, buy a large portion of pickled cabbage, ask for extra broth, and pour the ice-cold, teeth-chattering cabbage soup into the victim's mouth. For mild cases, a few sips of the sour, cool liquid would make them feel better in no time.
+
+Beiping Customs: Lamb Stalls. Chen Hongnian
+
+**4. Shopkeeper Hua, who sells beef head meat from a wheelbarrow.**
+
+Back then, the street cry went like this: 'Beef liver!' Beef head meat! Beef liver for sale, hey, hey! Beef head meat for sale! The wheelbarrow creaked as it rolled over the fallen leaves of late autumn, sometimes accompanied by a few drifting snowflakes. With the weather turning hot and cold, it is the perfect time for nourishing food. Most families can afford a few ounces of beef head meat, which is reasonably priced and tastes pretty good. My grandmother never bought from strangers; she only trusted the halal shop run by Manager Hua.
+
+Manager Hua told me his ancestors had been doing this for generations. They never opened a storefront, but followed the tradition of walking through the streets and alleys to sell their goods. Manager Hua’s beef head meat was so popular that even if he went as far as Qianmen, he would always sell out completely. Whether they wore long gowns or mandarin jackets, everyone loved this treat. If he ran into military officers or police, he had to bow and scrape, and even offer a little bribe.
+
+Halal means being particular. The slaughter is handled by an imam, who performs the proper rites before the blade draws blood, showing respect for a life. When you think about it, a cow works hard its whole life, only occasionally rolling its eyes or acting stubborn, but it never misses a day of work. Even when it can no longer walk, it gives its life for humans, making it a creature worthy of respect. Halal means being clean. There is not a single flaw, as they always strive for perfection. For so many years, as long as a shop has a halal sign, I trust it. I can eat the meat with peace of mind. Halal means being honest. They do not cheat people, shortchange them, or take advantage of the small, perhaps because these rules have been passed down for so many years. Halal means being loyal. As long as you visit his business often and become a regular customer, he will never overcharge you. Instead, he will always give you a little extra on the house.
+
+Shopkeeper Hua lived in the crowded courtyard behind my grandmother's house, where a dozen families all ran small businesses to make a living. When the northwest wind blew, the smell of meat would drift right into our noses, and we knew for sure Shopkeeper Hua was processing beef head (niutourou)! To be honest, beef head is the only real meat, while everything else is just beef offal (niuzasui). Besides beef liver, he had beef tendon, beef lung, and beef tripe. After Shopkeeper Hua added spices to remove the gamey smell, clear away the bad taste, and bring out the aroma, it smelled so good you wanted to grab a few bites right away to satisfy your cravings. Shopkeeper Hua's beef offal had a unique, fragrant taste, and chatty neighbors often asked him for his secret. It is not any different from what everyone else makes, is it? Shopkeeper Hua just smiled honestly, saying nothing at all. Yellow rice wine, star anise, green onion, ginger, garlic, cardamom, bay leaves, Sichuan peppercorns, and salt—these are all common kitchen spices, but the taste of Shopkeeper Hua's food was different from the usual street stalls. People said he used a few traditional Chinese medicinal herbs that were the secret of the Hua family, passed down through generations and never revealed to outsiders. Shopkeeper Hua's honest smile was just his way of being polite to people.
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_5_of_5.md b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_5_of_5.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15395ee62969c2d02fd6ec9dfe3adbba679dcad2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Muslim_History__Old_Halal_Notes_from_the_Southern_City__Part_5_of_5.md
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 5 of 5)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2096"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2096"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:43Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "782e574aa0566b9c3a4849be1b7849527095c4cf407180d209adf427b9f61794"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City (Part 5 of 5)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Chongwen:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Southern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This is part 5 of 5.
+
+**Part 5 of 5**
+
+Shopkeeper Bai didn't mind people watching him bake; I was right there many times, and besides, can you really learn a great craft just by watching? I remember the general order: use half-leavened dough and mix in the edible alkali evenly. Once the dough has rested, it shouldn't be too hard. Roll out the dough, then add sesame paste (zhimajiang) that has been thinned with oil. Use your hands to pull, stretch, and spread the paste evenly, then sprinkle on some salt. Roll it up into a log and seal the edges. Set it aside to wait for the rest of the sesame flatbread (shaobing) dough portions. Seal the edges of the dough portions, flatten them slightly with a rolling pin, and brush the half-finished pieces with soy sauce. Take the soy-brushed dough pieces, dip them into cleaned sesame seeds, and line them up in the large flatbread griddle (bingdang). I watched the process, and there is really no mystery to it. Using real, honest ingredients is what truly matters. The young assistant dips the dough in sesame seeds, making sure the whole surface is covered; he does not just lightly touch it.
+
+I have thought about why it is hard to find the original taste of these flatbreads, and the key is one word: baking. At Old Bai's shop, the delicious smell comes from the coal-fired oven. The oven is over three feet tall, with a layer of white clay on the outside, reinforced with large wire hoops on the inside to hold enough heat with its fireproof materials. The most important thing is the temperature inside the oven: if it is too high, the outside burns while the inside stays raw. If it is too low, baking for too long ruins the crispness. This is the real skill, and you have to admire it. The fire glows red, but you cannot see any flames. Exactly how hot is it? You can only understand it by feeling, not by words. In fact, it is just a matter of practice making perfect. Take some things for example: you might understand them clearly when watching, but if you try to do it yourself, it immediately goes wrong.
+
+Let's talk about Old Bai's sesame flatbread (shaobing). When the dough in the large pan is browned on both sides and can stand up, Old Bai lifts the pan to feel the heat, then lines the flatbread dough around the edge of the stove. People waiting are often impatient and like to rush him. Old Bai stays calm and unhurried, turning back to continue his routine with the flatbread dough. After a short while, the toasted aroma pushes right into your nose, and Old Bai picks up long iron tongs to flip them over. A little later, they come out of the oven one by one. Each one is round and puffy, golden brown, and perfectly shaped. A little too long and they taste burnt, a little too short and the aroma doesn't come out; this is what you call just right.
+
+You want me to describe how it feels to chew that flatbread? It is crispy and golden, with the flavors of flour, oil, sesame, savory sauce, and even a hint of salt all blended together; the temptation is impossible to resist. There are at least twenty layers, and the steam rising from them is both piping hot and fragrant! Put it this way, Hui Muslims hold them with both hands, afraid of dropping a single sesame seed or even a tiny crumb of dough!
+
+The sesame flatbreads at the Bai family shop are available all year round, but they are constantly in high demand by all the neighbors. Sorry about that! You will have to wait a bit longer, which is a common occurrence. Actually, their other types of flatbreads (huoshao) sell just as well, and before the moon is even bright in the sky, they are all gone! It is not that there are leftovers; people want to buy them, but there is nothing left to buy. I have eaten the spiral-shaped flatbread (luosizhuan), and it really does not break; if you really played with it, you could stretch it out three to five feet. The puffy two-layered flatbread (huoshao) is great stuffed with spiced beef shank or sheep head meat, and you would drool just thinking about the taste.
+
+I remember very clearly, it was three days after the Mid-Autumn Festival that year. For my grandfather's 80th birthday, my second uncle took me to see Manager Bai to ask if he could bake some longevity peach buns (shoutao). Grandpa Bai asked for my grandfather's Chinese zodiac sign and birth date, then agreed to the request right away.
+
+Early that morning, the shop assistant delivered eighty longevity peach buns. The tips of the longevity peach buns were bright red. A pale yellow color you won't see anywhere else. The smell of beans, flour, and that special roasted aroma hit us, drawing in a bunch of us little foodies. The worker asked my uncle what ingredients were in the gloves. Sift the red bean paste through a fine sieve and carefully prepare the sweet osmanthus flowers. Mix steamed flour with white sugar, then bake and crush the black sesame seeds. Add green and red shredded candied fruit, mixed nuts, and crushed walnut and almond bits. Finely grind small dates from north of Beijing, and add lotus root starch and jasmine flowers. I was stunned listening to this, and even my well-traveled uncle could only nod in agreement. Is Manager Bai not here? My uncle asked the waiter in passing.
+
+I am here! Turn slowly, sorry to trouble you, watch your step! Following the voice, Master Bai walked into the main hall carrying a large wicker tray (poluo). Huh, what is that? The whole room was filled with puzzled looks. Master Bai kept them guessing, Let everyone take a guess, is it another longevity peach (shoutao)? Or is it sesame flatbread (shaobing)? You are both wrong, take a good look!
+
+Old Bai gently lifted the clean white cloth cover, and a baked tiger appeared, looking so lifelike! It was about two feet long, standing firmly, with eyes that seemed full of spirit, and yellow and white colors that looked just like tiger fur. This is filled with rose-flavored red bean paste, a gift from me to show my respect to you. I hope your family flourishes, stays full of energy, and thrives like a dragon and a tiger! The shopkeeper lost all his usual reserve and quietness, talking non-stop, which made Grandpa so happy that his beard was shaking. Grandpa wondered to himself, how did the shopkeeper find out that I was born in the Year of the Tiger?
+
+Will there be any more animal-shaped roasted foods in the future? I have seen roasted rabbit gods (tu'erye), roasted swallows (shayan), roasted little monkeys, and roasted little ducks, but I have never seen a roasted big tiger. Perhaps the craft was lost with Old Bai's generation. Perhaps Old Bai passed away before he could even think about passing it on. Because Old Bai left too early and did not live to see the happy times.
+
+**Old Beijing Stories 2 by Liu Hui**
+
+**6. A roasted mutton stall in the hutong.**
+
+In the past, there were far more than thirty or fifty shops selling roasted lamb (shaoyangrou) in Beijing, with one located every short distance. As soon as you enter the alley, you can smell the aroma of braised lamb (luzhu yangrou). It is just like being at Qianmen, where you can smell the spiced lamb (jiang yangrou) from Yueshengzhai long before you actually reach the shop. Not far into the alley, you see a polished brass tray about two or three feet wide sitting under a fabric canopy. It is shiny and clean, piled with cooked lamb neck, lamb liver (shagan), and lamb offal (yangzasui) in various cuts of fat and lean meat. The meat is drizzled with a layer of oil, making it look incredibly fresh and tender, which immediately makes your mouth water. A sign hanging next to the door frame reads "Newly Added Five-Spice Roasted Lamb" (xintian wuxiang shaoyangrou), and it is very easy to spot. Brass hooks hang above the counter, holding three or four cooked lamb heads with vegetable leaves in their mouths to attract customers. A wooden water basin sits in front of the door with a crossbar above it, from which a string of lamb suet (yangshuang'er) hangs. He also gives away the original broth from his roasted lamb. If you bring your own container when you buy two taels of roasted lamb, you can fill the container with the broth.
+
+**Lingering Fragrance: Memories of the Capital by Zhou Shaoliang.**
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Northern_Muslim_Notes___Part_6.md b/content/Beijing_Northern_Muslim_Notes___Part_6.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a907c724603d82da2d55b9d0b964961dc1869749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Northern_Muslim_Notes___Part_6.md
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Northern Muslim Notes — Part 6"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2136"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2136"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:38Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "86565b337c2bdc9a0b375b08c8a48e9ebbe6357d7f100550a7714f1fbfd35618"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Northern Muslim Notes — Part 6
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Northern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: East City:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Northern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This final block is 2 of 2.
+
+**Block 2 of 2**
+
+The restaurant has a professionally trained lamb slicer named Master Zhao Delu, who is nicknamed Zhao the One-Knife. He started at the shop in 1981 to learn how to debone, select, and slice lamb, and he has been doing this for over 20 years. He has his own unique skills. He chooses tender young lambs weighing 35 jin, then removes the thin membrane and tendons. After cooling the meat (known in the trade as cold-setting), the blood and meat blend together, making the red and white parts distinct before it can be used. Finally, he slices it into thin, even pieces that look beautiful with their alternating red and white colors. Dip thin slices of meat into a charcoal hot pot (huoguo) that smells of wood, letting the woody scent blend with the meat. The meat stays tender even after long cooking, and the thin slices do not break. Served with carefully prepared seasonings, friends and family sit around the table to enjoy the lively and grand atmosphere. The taste is fresh, fragrant, and wonderful. This is the traditional Beijing-style mutton hot pot (shuan yangrou) from Ruizhenhou.
+
+The Sina blog "A Century of Ruizhenhou" by ruiren491112. The blogger, Chen Junyuan, was born in Beijing in 1949 and has lived there for generations.
+
+One day, Lin Kaimo (noted by Wang Dongsi as a master of Go during the Republic of China era) and Xia Renhu (noted by Wang Dongsi as a famous scholar) were playing Go at Chunming Pavilion in Zhongshan Park. They played for so long that they missed dinner. When the game ended, they had to order a bowl of beef noodles at Ruizhenhou, located north of Chunming Pavilion, to satisfy their hunger. At that time, Ruizhenhou was quite famous and had a branch in Zhongshan Park that sold various noodles and snacks. Back then, the noodles at Ruizhenhou were much better than the California beef noodles popular today. They were hand-pulled noodles (chentiaomian) served hot, with a rich, thick broth and plenty of tender, fragrant meat. I don't remember the exact price per bowl, maybe 70 or 80 cents, but it was very popular.
+
+Ruizhenhou is a halal restaurant that still exists today, located at the Dongsi intersection. In the past, it was famous for its deep-fried lamb tails (zha yangwei), crispy stir-fried mung bean jelly (jiao liu geza), braised meat strips (ba routiao), and stewed beef (men niurou).
+
+**Lingering Fragrance: Memories of the Capital by Zhou Shaoliang.**
+
+**2. Kaorouwan inside Xuanwumen**
+
+**Kaorouwan as described by Zhang Zhongxing.**
+
+I forget who I was with, but it was summer, and we went to Kaorouwan to try the grilled beef. The storefront was very simple, just one large room. To the south is the barbecue area with two grills side by side. They look like millstones, featuring a round platform about the size of a dining table with a foot-high iron ring in the center. A slightly raised iron grate sits on top of the ring. The grate is made of iron strips about a centimeter wide placed side by side. The gaps between them are packed with beef fat from constant use. Four rough benches are placed around the round platform for customers to stand at. To the north is a table holding bowls, chopsticks, chopped green onions, chopped cilantro, sesame paste (majiang), soy sauce, and other seasonings. There is also a cutting board for the beef, which holds the meat, knives, and plates. The man cutting the meat is a big guy around fifty years old, likely the shop owner, Mr. Wan. He is quite heavy and wears only a pair of thin trousers, which sit about an inch below his navel. The owner is very capable. Aside from a teenage boy who helps deliver meat and seasonings, he does everything himself, including seating customers and handling the bills. The meat is said to be hand-picked at the meat market early in the morning, and it is sliced well, thin and even.
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Ramadan_2026_Diary__Laylat_al_Qadr__Eid_al_Fitr_and_Hui_Muslim_Food.md b/content/Beijing_Ramadan_2026_Diary__Laylat_al_Qadr__Eid_al_Fitr_and_Hui_Muslim_Food.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a8c9999e8b1c19a9660dd3176427f3b0792828e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Ramadan_2026_Diary__Laylat_al_Qadr__Eid_al_Fitr_and_Hui_Muslim_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Ramadan 2026 Diary: Laylat al-Qadr, Eid al-Fitr and Hui Muslim Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2654"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2654"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:50Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "7967f4f5774b6130a29458f6ed52e45c2ceb287fe50abb46fc4b79ee81e8b4d9"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Ramadan 2026 Diary: Laylat al-Qadr, Eid al-Fitr and Hui Muslim Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This second Beijing Ramadan diary covers Jingzhe, Laylat al-Qadr, Eid al-Fitr, mosque gatherings, Hui Muslim food, and the closing days of Ramadan in clear English.
+
+**Awakening of Insects (Jingzhe)**
+
+This year, Ramadan falls during the Awakening of Insects, so Hui Muslims in Xinjiang will drink Awakening of Insects soup (jingzhe tang), also known as Awakening of Insects oil tea egg (jingzhe youcha dan). It is made by chopping walnuts, raisins, and red dates, coating them in egg wash, stir-frying them in mutton fat, and then pouring in brewed brick tea. The resulting soup has the aroma of mutton fat, dried fruit, eggs, and tea, which children really love.
+
+The Awakening of Insects is one of the twenty-four solar terms, marking the time when all things wake up. In the past, medical care was limited and tuberculosis (shanglao) was a deadly disease. After the Awakening of Insects, temperatures rise and germs become active, so people used a combination of nutritious eggs, oil, and dried fruit with warm tea to pray for health, shake off winter fatigue, and boost their energy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t8vr8u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2a2srn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wgorco.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zj2vlz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fl9abf.jpg)
+
+**Night of Power (Laylat al-Qadr)**
+
+The twenty-seventh night of Ramadan is always the busiest day at every mosque, and this year Madian Mosque set up fifteen tables, making it very lively. Before breaking the fast, the imam recites the scripture. After breaking the fast, we are served two plates of fruit and pastries. After the sunset prayer (maghrib), nine dishes are served: braised prawns in oil, stir-fried shrimp with milk, braised flatfish, fried tofu, braised eggplant, stewed beef brisket with radish, stewed lamb with potatoes, stir-fried meat with scallions, and braised meat balls (songrou). I sat at a table with international students from various countries, and everyone really enjoyed the food.
+
+Besides the two Eids (Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha) and the two major gatherings (the Prophet's birthday and the Fatimah gathering), the Night of Power is likely the most important day for Hui Muslims. The Night of Power is also called the "Night Vigil" or "Night Head Festival." People say the scripture was first revealed on this night, which is better than a thousand months, so it is a time to do many good deeds. Everyone bathes, changes into clean clothes, goes to the mosque, greets each other with salaam, listens to the imam's recitation, completes their prayers, and shares a meal. Using the mosque as a gathering place and affection as a bridge, we seek blessings and look out for peace.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1x9wm4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w1rtn8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kmue21.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pbeg1a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wsotsl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/slkpfc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s5nbij.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2pod5v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pmetkx.jpg)
+
+In the evening, the whole family celebrated the Night of Power at the Sudanese Embassy. The embassy building was fully lit, and the courtyard was filled with cars from various embassies. Besides coffee and black tea, there were also pastries donated (sadqa) by people from Changying Township.
+
+Today was the busiest night at the embassy, and even the lobby was completely full. By the eighth rak'ah of the Taraweeh prayer, the entire scripture had been completed. During the final rak'ah, a half-hour long dua was made. The imam sounded like he was weeping, his voice was hoarse, and he was once moved to tears, crying "Ya Allah, Ya Allah," which was incredibly moving.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0jnky2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4c083c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ingvv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uet9u5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hpazq9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aewq1x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bbg173.jpg)
+
+**Eid al-Fitr**
+
+This year, Eid al-Fitr falls on a Saturday, so no one needs to ask for time off, which is why there are so many people. Our whole family headed straight to the Sudanese Embassy in the morning. Many people wore traditional clothing today, and I also wore a hexagonal cap (gedimu) from North China made by a friend. Today, not only was the building full, but the embassy courtyard was also packed with friends (dosti) from Africa, the Arab world, South Asia, and all over China. It was a very blessed occasion.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/srfyzx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7wxx0f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/heiu5v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/09yllg.jpg)
+
+After the Eid prayer, some friends (dosti) brought homemade fried triangular pastries (sambusa) and chicken wraps (shawarma) from home, and we all enjoyed the delicious food together.
+
+The fried triangular pastry (sambusa) originated in Iran. After the 10th century, it spread to the Arab region along trade and pilgrimage routes. In countries like Saudi Arabia and Yemen, the sambusa is an essential and iconic food for iftar and Eid al-Fitr. Compared to the South Asian samosa, which also comes from Iran, the Arab sambusa is smaller with a thinner crust. The filling is usually made of minced meat, onions, cilantro, and cinnamon.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i8xw02.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o07umh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yz4gsn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nh0nil.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3q48tr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g70xkb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rice6y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/20ffjs.jpg)
+
+After leaving the Sudanese Embassy, we went to Fayuan Mosque in Dewai to experience the atmosphere of a Chinese-style Eid al-Fitr. Fayuan Mosque holds the latest Eid prayer in the Xicheng District, which gives people who missed the prayers at other mosques a chance to attend. The place was very crowded, and those of us who arrived late could not get into the main prayer hall. After the prayer, we enjoyed fried dough (youxiang) and various pastries, but it was a pity that we did not get to have any meat porridge this year.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kisvi5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l66bk6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/merrqz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jznnec.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7lis7k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q3gnpk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ionm5m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6k5at7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ubh5oy.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Southern_Muslim_Notes___Part_2.md b/content/Beijing_Southern_Muslim_Notes___Part_2.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1328426ef1060880a88c201ed08892f3ded35498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Southern_Muslim_Notes___Part_2.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Southern Muslim Notes — Part 2"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2132"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2132"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:40Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "51d33ff077441e0f686f48c9b9dc68255731dc85eefd39f3bf158aade1b83a39"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Southern Muslim Notes — Part 2
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Chongwen:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Southern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This final block is 2 of 3.
+
+**Block 2 of 3**
+
+At the west entrance of Menkuang Hutong, there was a lamb head meat stall in front of the Yuxing Restaurant that was considered a famous local snack of the area. The vendor arrived every day near dusk. He brought his own light bulb and wire, which he connected to the restaurant's power to light up his stall. He used a special knife, one foot long and five inches wide, to slice the cheek, tongue (xinzi), and eyes for customers to enjoy with their drinks. When he sliced the cheek, he made it so thin it was almost transparent. He laid it on white paper, sprinkled salt and pepper from a long-necked glass bottle, mixed it by hand, and then wrapped it up. It tasted delicious. Customers loved the taste of the meat and admired the vendor's skill. Every night when the lights came on, a crowd would gather at the intersection of Langfang Second Alley and Menkuang Hutong to watch him slice the meat. People traveled from far away to Menkuang Hutong just to eat this lamb head meat. I once asked about that Hui Muslim vendor. I only knew his surname was Ma and he lived on Niujie. He likely passed away after the Cultural Revolution, and I do not know what happened to him.
+
+**Ye Zufu Talks About Beijing by Ye Zufu**
+
+**3. Yitiaolong Mutton Restaurant outside Qianmen**
+
+Yitiao Long Lamb Restaurant processes its meat carefully and slices it very thin. After slaughtering and skinning the lamb, they select only the hind legs. They place the meat on a clean surface with natural water, cover it with a reed mat, place an oilcloth over the mat, and put a block of ice on top. This is called pressed meat (yarou). The meat is pressed for a full day and night to draw out the blood and impurities, which makes the meat firm and easy to slice. This pressed meat (ya rou) is better than frozen meat because frozen meat, like frozen cabbage, breaks down the lamb's texture and makes it lose its tender, savory flavor, which makes it taste bad. Yilong is just like Zhengyanglou; they slice the meat thinly and serve it on plates according to the cut. The seasonings are complete.
+
+When eating hot pot lamb (shuan yangrou), people usually eat sesame flatbread (shaobing) as their staple food. The sesame flatbread (shaobing) at Nanhengshun (Wang Dongsi: Yilong's original name is Nanhengshun) is also different from other places; for every basin of dough, they use ten jin of flour, with nine jin of plain flour and one jin of leavened dough. Ten jin of flour requires one jin and two liang of sesame paste. The sesame flatbread (shaobing) is first seared on a griddle, then baked in an oven, searing the bottom first and then the sesame-topped side (just for a quick touch). This kind of sesame flatbread (shaobing) has plenty of sauce, is cooked through, and is perfectly flaky and crisp.
+
+When customers are almost full, they order a bowl of Nanhengshun's homemade, thin and uniform mung bean mixed noodles (lvdou zamian) served dry. Mung bean mixed noodles (lvdou zamian) are great for cutting through the greasiness of meat; a bowl of these noodles absorbs the floating oil from the hot pot and cleanses the palate, making these thin and uniform noodles another specialty of Nanhengshun.
+
+**Miscellaneous Talks on Old Beijing by Wang Yongbin.**
+
+**4. Ai's steamed rice cake (aiwowowo) stall on Menkuang Hutong outside Qianmen**
+
+It is currently the first lunar month, the time when ai'ou wowos are on the market. Beijing's ai'ou wowos are similar to Fengtian's cool rice cakes (lianggao) and are both sold during the first lunar month, but ai'ou wowos are soft and delicious, and cannot be compared to cool rice cakes (lianggao). Cool rice cakes (lianggao) are made by steaming glutinous rice flour, using it as a wrapper, filling it with sesame and white sugar, and sprinkling it with rice flour. On the surface, they look like ai'ou wowos, but they are essentially just a variation of sticky rice cakes (niangao); after a while, when the wind blows on them, they still get hard.
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Southern_Muslim_Notes___Part_3.md b/content/Beijing_Southern_Muslim_Notes___Part_3.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..86977681d401284bba9cdb54fec7980457779dc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Southern_Muslim_Notes___Part_3.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Southern Muslim Notes — Part 3"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2133"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2133"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:33Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "e401926f47c60ef8fd7c9950cdfb1dbe00a7ff6a848e4feb5683d4b96019f7ed"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Southern Muslim Notes — Part 3
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Chongwen:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Southern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This final block is 3 of 3.
+
+**Block 3 of 3**
+
+Back then, they did not use plastic bags. Everything was wrapped by hand in paper. The clerk would wrap it however the customer wanted, like buying four liang and splitting it into two two-liang packages. If you bought one jin, they would make two half-jin packages. Of course, some people just bought one package. The clerk's wrapping technique was amazing. They folded the paper into a perfect square that looked very solid. Then they stacked the two packages together, tied them with a paper string in a cross pattern, and made a handle on top so the customer could just hook a finger through and carry it away. That tea package was quite stylish at the time. During holidays when visiting relatives and friends, you would place the tea package on the table, and it looked both grand and traditional.
+
+**Memories of Niujie by Chen Chunxi**
+
+**14. Scalded dough fried cake (tangmian zhagao) at the Hui Muslim breakfast shop a short distance left from the east entrance of Xiangluying Sitiao Hutong outside Xuanwumen**
+
+When I think of the hot-water dough fried cake (tangmian zhagao), I don't know why this simple old Beijing snack has disappeared from the streets and restaurants. Actually, in the 1950s and 60s, almost every snack shop run by Hui Muslims sold them. they were an essential snack at temple fairs in the capital back then.
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Southern_Muslim_Notes___Part_4.md b/content/Beijing_Southern_Muslim_Notes___Part_4.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f6cae7d64a0a9a95f50a6cd5378eb26df2b1bd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Southern_Muslim_Notes___Part_4.md
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Southern Muslim Notes — Part 4"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2134"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2134"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:39Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "9cdf74d029d9bbb031ccae769a659327efadd0acd22ce4cfcd850691c8a75400"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Southern Muslim Notes — Part 4
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Chongwen:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Southern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This final block is 2 of 2.
+
+**Block 2 of 2**
+
+In the old days, Beijing did not seem to have slaughterhouses, because sheep were slaughtered right at the door of the mutton stall. At a large mutton stall, early every morning, five or six large sheep would be tied up with a wooden blood basin placed nearby, waiting for the head imam (ahong) to come and recite prayers.
+
+The Muslim imam, wearing a grey cotton robe and a black mandarin jacket (magua), would arrive by rickshaw—since he had to visit many mutton stalls each morning, he traveled by rickshaw to make his rounds—carrying a cloth bag containing the knives for slaughtering the sheep. When he reached the counter, he would take out his knife, mutter a prayer, and with one swift stroke across the sheep's neck held down by two young men, the blood would pour out; the sheep would stretch its legs, twitch a few times, and then go still.
+
+Afterward, they would peel off the skin, cut off the head, chop off the hooves, remove the offal, wash everything clean with water, and hang the meat on a pole using copper meat hooks. Look at how fatty it is!
+
+When it comes to northern sheep, few can compare to them, except for those from the Northwest. In the summer, they graze on green grass, becoming round and plump with thick wool, and their large tails drag behind them like a big pot lid.
+
+If you go to a large mutton stall in the winter to buy meat for hot pot (shuan guozi), they will always take good care of you. There are cuts of meat like the neck (shangnao'er), the leg muscle (huangguatiao), the flank (yaowo), and the brisket (sancha'er); they cut exactly what you point to, and they have everything you could want. Once you leave Beijing, you can find mutton hot pot everywhere, but it is just mutton!
+
+I remember before the war, in the old capital, one silver dollar could buy four jin of good mutton delivered to your door. Add some cabbage and glass noodles (fentiao), and one dollar's worth of meat was enough to feed three or four people. It was warm and satisfying; it was wonderful.
+
+In the summer, every mutton stall sells fried mutton (shao yangrou). The meat, just out of the fryer, is placed on a large copper tray, and the aroma is so strong you can smell it from a mile away.
+
+For an afternoon snack, if you have a few coins, you can buy a pair of sheep hooves or a piece of shank (jianzi), and eat it with two sesame flatbreads (shaobing); it is incredibly delicious. If you bring home a large sheep head, your family can make some pancakes, boil a pot of rice porridge (shui fan), and on a hot day, it is neither greasy nor too heavy, and it really satisfies your cravings. The sheep neck has a bit more meat and is even better to eat than the head.
+
+If your family is small, dinner is easy to put together. Just take a pot to the mutton stall, buy seven or eight mao worth of fried mutton, and tell the shopkeeper, 'Boss, add some extra broth!' Once you get home, bring the pot of meat and broth to a boil, add a few coins' worth of noodles, and you have fried mutton noodles. Forget about leaving Beiping.
+
+Most lamb stalls (yangrou chuangzi) have a separate area to sell lamb buns (yangrou baozi) to go. They squeeze the dough into shape with their hands. In winter, they are filled with lamb and cabbage, and in summer, lamb and chives. Every time a steamer is ready, the apprentice shouts: 'Lamb buns are here!' Fresh from the steamer, get them while they're hot!
+
+Some lamb stalls also sell medicine. They hang a sign nearby that says 'Lamb Liver Eye-Brightening Pills' (yanggan mingmu wan), and they are all tested and approved with a license from the health bureau. Some also sell sesame paste flatbread (zhima jiang shaobing) and brown sugar cakes (tang huoshao), which are made with flour and brown sugar. They are yellowish and stamped with a red mark on top. They also carry honey-glazed fried dough twists (mi mahua), which are extremely sweet. That is the full range of side businesses found at a lamb stall.
+
+Some lamb stalls also sell pickled cabbage (suancai). Whatever amount you buy, they tie it up with a piece of iris grass (malian cao) and hand it to you. If you buy some lamb to go with it, you can make a pot of hot lamb and pickled cabbage noodle soup. It is warm, refreshing, and delicious!
diff --git a/content/Beijing_Southern_Muslim_Notes___Part_5.md b/content/Beijing_Southern_Muslim_Notes___Part_5.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..36ae42583aae4e23b5ad1f6a90b3b7afe2c8be4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Beijing_Southern_Muslim_Notes___Part_5.md
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+title: "Beijing Southern Muslim Notes — Part 5"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2135"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2135"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:38Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "0b2fe716d788a65a7d532bf497a562805d5c4a7c033988107fda5f08dc83e4f8"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Beijing Southern Muslim Notes — Part 5
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Muslim History: Old Halal Notes from the Southern City is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Chongwen:. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Muslim History, Southern Beijing, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source. This final block is 1 of 2.
+
+**Block 1 of 2**
+
+Mentioning pickled cabbage reminds me of winters in the old capital, when every family used small coal-ball stoves. Impatient people couldn't wait for the fire to catch properly, so they would bring the stove inside while it was still emitting blue flames. The coal gas could suffocate a person. Every winter, quite a few people actually died from this. The special remedy for 'coal gas poisoning' didn't require going to a pharmacy or calling a doctor. You just had to go to a lamb stall, buy a large portion of pickled cabbage, ask for extra broth, and pour the ice-cold, teeth-chattering cabbage soup into the victim's mouth. For mild cases, a few sips of the sour, cool liquid would make them feel better in no time.
+
+Beiping Customs: Lamb Stalls. Chen Hongnian
+
+**4. Shopkeeper Hua, who sells beef head meat from a wheelbarrow.**
+
+Back then, the street cry went like this: 'Beef liver!' Beef head meat! Beef liver for sale, hey, hey! Beef head meat for sale! The wheelbarrow creaked as it rolled over the fallen leaves of late autumn, sometimes accompanied by a few drifting snowflakes. With the weather turning hot and cold, it is the perfect time for nourishing food. Most families can afford a few ounces of beef head meat, which is reasonably priced and tastes pretty good. My grandmother never bought from strangers; she only trusted the halal shop run by Manager Hua.
+
+Manager Hua told me his ancestors had been doing this for generations. They never opened a storefront, but followed the tradition of walking through the streets and alleys to sell their goods. Manager Hua’s beef head meat was so popular that even if he went as far as Qianmen, he would always sell out completely. Whether they wore long gowns or mandarin jackets, everyone loved this treat. If he ran into military officers or police, he had to bow and scrape, and even offer a little bribe.
+
+Halal means being particular. The slaughter is handled by an imam, who performs the proper rites before the blade draws blood, showing respect for a life. When you think about it, a cow works hard its whole life, only occasionally rolling its eyes or acting stubborn, but it never misses a day of work. Even when it can no longer walk, it gives its life for humans, making it a creature worthy of respect. Halal means being clean. There is not a single flaw, as they always strive for perfection. For so many years, as long as a shop has a halal sign, I trust it. I can eat the meat with peace of mind. Halal means being honest. They do not cheat people, shortchange them, or take advantage of the small, perhaps because these rules have been passed down for so many years. Halal means being loyal. As long as you visit his business often and become a regular customer, he will never overcharge you. Instead, he will always give you a little extra on the house.
+
+Shopkeeper Hua lived in the crowded courtyard behind my grandmother's house, where a dozen families all ran small businesses to make a living. When the northwest wind blew, the smell of meat would drift right into our noses, and we knew for sure Shopkeeper Hua was processing beef head (niutourou)! To be honest, beef head is the only real meat, while everything else is just beef offal (niuzasui). Besides beef liver, he had beef tendon, beef lung, and beef tripe. After Shopkeeper Hua added spices to remove the gamey smell, clear away the bad taste, and bring out the aroma, it smelled so good you wanted to grab a few bites right away to satisfy your cravings. Shopkeeper Hua's beef offal had a unique, fragrant taste, and chatty neighbors often asked him for his secret. It is not any different from what everyone else makes, is it? Shopkeeper Hua just smiled honestly, saying nothing at all. Yellow rice wine, star anise, green onion, ginger, garlic, cardamom, bay leaves, Sichuan peppercorns, and salt—these are all common kitchen spices, but the taste of Shopkeeper Hua's food was different from the usual street stalls. People said he used a few traditional Chinese medicinal herbs that were the secret of the Hua family, passed down through generations and never revealed to outsiders. Shopkeeper Hua's honest smile was just his way of being polite to people.
diff --git a/content/Best_Halal_Food_Urumqi__Hui_Muslim_Street__Beiliang_Mosque_and_Xinjiang_Meals_Du.md b/content/Best_Halal_Food_Urumqi__Hui_Muslim_Street__Beiliang_Mosque_and_Xinjiang_Meals_Du.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25addf921292741ac24fef8d307ed2fb9012616d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Best_Halal_Food_Urumqi__Hui_Muslim_Street__Beiliang_Mosque_and_Xinjiang_Meals_Du.md
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+---
+title: "Best Halal Food Urumqi: Hui Muslim Street, Beiliang Mosque and Xinjiang Meals During Sha'ban"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3024"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3024"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:47Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "13d3504793459b76206badb801cfd2af8a99b270b378b83b20877a6129510271"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Halal Food Urumqi: Hui Muslim Street, Beiliang Mosque and Xinjiang Meals During Sha'ban
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Urumqi Sha'ban account begins on February 12, 2026, before Ramadan, and covers family meals, Jumu'ah at Shaanxi Grand Mosque, Beiliang Mosque history, and local Hui Muslim food. It keeps the source's dates, mosque history, dishes, religious gatherings, and photographs.
+
+I flew from Beijing to Urumqi for the Spring Festival holiday on February 12, 2026. With a few days left before Ramadan, I attended some religious gatherings (ermei) and sat for several meals. I am sharing my experiences here.
+
+**February 13.**
+
+I spent the morning at home reciting prayers (nianye). We had braised beef steak, clear-stewed lamb, and braised fish. The fried dough (youxiang) had been prepared the day before.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8usjfd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kn39rk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3aomia.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sn08l6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/787a5d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lt1tuk.jpg)
+
+At noon, I went to the Shaanxi Grand Mosque in Urumqi for Friday prayers (Jumu'ah). This was the last Friday prayer before Ramadan. It was very crowded, and the main hall was almost full.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8bw721.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e0bgpb.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/giqbqb.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/laf3gr.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fdvse1.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v23lv5.jpg)
+
+The restaurants behind the Shaanxi Grand Mosque are all delicious. I wrote about them in my previous article, '2025 Urumqi Hui Muslim Street Tour'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kvcd53.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b7xiwf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ur0ud.jpg)
+
+I only learned last year that the main hall of Urumqi's first mosque, Beiliang Mosque, still exists. It is now open to the public as the Wenchang Pavilion. After Friday prayers at the Shaanxi Grand Mosque, I took the subway one stop from South Gate to North Gate to visit it.
+
+After the Qing Dynasty built Dihua City in Urumqi in 1758, it promoted policies to station troops and settle immigrants for border defense. Since then, Hui Muslims from the northwest moved there to settle. In 1780, they built Beiliang Mosque on a small hill inside the North Gate of Dihua City, making it the first mosque in Urumqi.
+
+The first imam of Beiliang Mosque was an elder from the Weijiapu area, who belonged to the Salar people from Xunhua. When the elder from Weijiapu was young, he studied at the Jiezi Gongbei and the Grand Mosque in Xunhua. In 1763, he left to seek enlightenment during the Hehuang menhuan conflicts. He traveled through Linxia, Lanzhou, and Wuwei, eventually reaching Hami and Turpan to teach. In 1780, he was officially invited to Beiliang Mosque as its first imam.
+
+In the mid-18th century, Yihewan Gali, a disciple of the Indian Sufi leader Imam Rabbani, entered Aksu to teach the Khufiyya doctrine. Ma Fang, a Qing military officer stationed in Aksu, accepted his teachings. Later, Ma Fang resigned from his post to preach across Xinjiang. He took five students, one of whom was Ma Pei, who went to Urumqi to preach. The elder from Weijiapu became his student. The elder from Weijiapu taught at Beiliang Mosque for nearly 30 years. He taught religious knowledge to ordinary community members and guided Khufiyya followers in their spiritual practice. He balanced the relationships between different groups well and was respected by everyone.
+
+Beiliang Mosque existed for 94 years in total. Its last imam was Ma Zongfu. Ma Zongfu came from Datong, Qinghai. People called him the Datong Elder. When he was young, he taught at various mosques in Qinghai and practiced the Khufiyya path. Later, because he opposed the planting and selling of opium, he was persecuted by local wealthy landowners. In 1850, he led his family through great hardships to Xinjiang and settled at Beiliang Mosque. At that time, the mosque's religious leader, Qitaizhou, was the second-generation disciple of Ma Pei. Imam Ma Zongfu then became his student. In 1852, Ma Zongfu became the imam of Beiliang Mosque and oversaw its renovation in 1861.
+
+In 1876, Zuo Zongtang sent Liu Jintang to lead the Qing army west, where they defeated Yaqub Beg and recaptured Urumqi. After the Qing army entered the city, they occupied Beiliang Mosque. In 1884, Xinjiang Governor Liu Jintang renamed it Wenchang Pavilion. Beiliang Mosque was not used as the Wenchang Pavilion for very long. During the Republic of China era, it was occupied by Kuomintang communication troops. After 1949, it was taken over by the People's Liberation Army communication troops and used as a military factory for a long time. It was not returned to the cultural heritage department for management until 2002.
+
+In 2003, the cultural heritage department renovated the only remaining main hall of Beiliang Mosque. Citing 'site constraints and ease of public access,' they changed the traditional east-west orientation of the Hui Muslim hall to face south. Today, it is open as a place to introduce Taoist Wenchang culture.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7iqtgr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rynfc8.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/smlk0q.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/67t86d.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ydvmfn.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9us9yw.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jhsggg.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/95i3y3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6e5yos.jpg)
+
+Hidden in the storefronts of the Guangyuan residential complex on Zhujiang Road in Urumqi is Li Yingping's Meatball and Vermicelli Soup (wanzifen tang). The owner has been selling meatball soup in the neighborhood for over twenty years and only moved to the Guangyuan complex in the last two years. This area is far from the food streets, so mostly only locals know about it.
+
+Their signature dish is braised beef meatball noodle soup served with a steamed flower roll (huajuan). The beef is stewed until very flavorful and has a great texture, served with tofu, starch noodles, and wood ear mushrooms. I first thought their 'wonton dumplings' were two separate dishes, but I later learned they are dumplings shaped like wontons made by the owner. They have a lamb and onion (piyazi) filling, and you can eat them dry or in soup. The soup dumplings are served in the beef noodle soup, which I think is especially comforting in winter. I also tried their lentil noodle squares (biandou mianqizi). Small flag-shaped dough pieces simmer in the soup, paired with the creamy texture of lentils. It is a winter staple that warms the stomach for people in Xinjiang.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rc408t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cwwjx3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/exx77g.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x454kl.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zzbvtp.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k90zcu.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/prdti2.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5l8jn0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q8hgxa.jpg)
+
+**February 14**
+
+Urumqi has so many food streets. From the early days of Shanxi Alley and Erdaoqiao to the later Lingguan Alley and Hotan Street, more and more places have become popular spots for food lovers. My biggest discovery on this trip back to Urumqi is that the area from Yingawati Road toward Zhujiang Road is getting busier. The ground-floor shops in the new residential area near the plastic factory are all restaurants newly opened by people from Hotan, each with its own unique style.
+
+We first ate at this 1980s-style pan-fried bun (shuijianbao) shop. Pan-fried buns are a specialty of Ili, but this shop also sells Hotan-style corn naan (baogu nang) and old pigeon soup, making it a mix of northern and southern Xinjiang styles.
+
+We ordered old pigeon soup, goose eggs, corn naan with milk tea, pan-fried buns, yogurt, and dried milk curds (naigeda). The old pigeon was delicious and very fragrant, though the soup was a little salty. The goose egg was large and looked crystal clear. The corn naan with milk tea is an incredible combination. The corn naan is a purely healthy food. The corn dough is filled with walnuts and topped with fried onions. It is a bit hard when dry, but it becomes soft on the outside and crispy on the inside when soaked in milk tea. Their milk tea is also very fresh. Of course, you can find fresh milk everywhere on the streets of Urumqi, so fresh milk tea is a given. They also sell various types of dried milk curds, including sheep milk, cow milk, and yogurt versions, some sour and some milder.
+
+I had only eaten Henan-style pan-fried buns before. The biggest difference with Ili pan-fried buns is the use of a lamb and onion filling, seasoned with cumin and pepper. The dough is made with sourdough starter and fried in a flat pan just like in Henan, but it is served with salty milk tea instead of spicy soup. Ili pan-fried buns taste a bit like a leavened version of a baked bun (kaobaozi). Many people here love them and buy a lot at once.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/de8fhl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r28g0y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nao65u.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ed49g8.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/44hcvy.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4ipzq5.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bl5nuz.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g1nm3b.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4n7hsg.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j8xh6v.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cgqjl9.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wpy2jd.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bofclv.jpg)
+
+In the afternoon, while visiting relatives, we passed by the Chaiwopu No. 22 Spicy Chicken on Wuxing South Road. It is a 30-year-old shop, and it was packed with people and very lively. They serve Hui Muslim-style Xinjiang cuisine. A large portion of spicy chicken is a whole bird, and a medium portion is half. It is stir-fried to order, so it takes a while and you have to wait when it is busy, but the taste is better than Yang Le. Adding wide belt noodles (pidai mian) to it is very satisfying. Because the kids couldn't eat spicy food, we also ordered the mixed vegetable soup (dazahuai tang), which has beef meatballs, fried egg strips (jiasha), tofu, and wood ear mushrooms. The portion was large, and it was very warming in the winter. We also ordered stir-fried chestnut squash (banligua). The salty, fragrant, stir-fried squash was soft, waxy, and sweet. It was my first time eating it prepared this way, and it was quite good. The place is always too crowded and the service is just average, but the food is truly excellent. You cannot find this kind of spicy chicken (lazi ji) in Beijing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/atl8wu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nsx24q.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dtwq5l.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pipuqb.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qjk9kh.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xr7yy3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y23ys8.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jbczi4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wzm8fw.jpg)
+
+In the evening, we went to the cute Xinjiang Silk Road Feast (Silu Yan) at Shengda Plaza near the high-speed railway station. It is great for family gatherings. They have song and dance performances at night, and the menu is a fusion of many different things.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zri7x0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/911b50.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ur2tc5.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9kcvrn.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jp09mm.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/he1a97.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2rfcor.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bc1akf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dp6qth.jpg)
+
+**February 15**
+
+In the morning, I took Suleiman to the top of Yaomo Mountain in Urumqi. It was his first time climbing a snow-covered mountain. We entered through the southeast gate. The path up to Yunmantai is quite gentle and the shortest route, so both the elderly and children can climb it. We took a dirt path going up and the paved road coming down. The scenery on both sides was different, and we even saw a pheasant on the way down.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/74tdvf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8634wa.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ektasc.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lmoqwa.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4s53hl.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/udi463.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rtamu1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6x6sr7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tm7nyn.jpg)
+
+Another restaurant on Zhujiang Road, Hotan Flower Black Pilaf (Heizhuafan), is also very unique. It was my first time eating black pilaf in Urumqi. They only sell it at noon. We asked at 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. and it was sold out both times. We finally got to eat it when we went after 4 p.m.
+
+Black pilaf is made by frying onions (piyazi) until they are completely charred and caramelized, rather than frying them to a light golden color like regular pilaf. They also add whole garlic cloves for flavor. Black pilaf has a richer flavor than white pilaf. I had it before in Tashkent and loved it, so I was happy to eat it again this time. You can actually find black pilaf in Southern Xinjiang, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan, but it is rare in Northern Xinjiang. My relatives said an elderly Uzbek man used to sell black pilaf on Zhujiang Road, but we don't know if he is still there.
+
+Their black pilaf comes with lemonade, yogurt, and mung bean jelly (liangfen). The spicy vinegar in the jelly adds a great kick. The waiter will come over and ask if you want more rice.
+
+We also ordered the Hotan-style corn porridge. Hotan corn porridge is called 'umash' in the Uyghur language. To make it, you stir-fry onions in lamb fat, add diced lamb, then pour in lamb broth and bring it to a boil. You also add fresh corn kernels. It is completely different from the clear corn porridge in inland China. It is salty, rich, and full of ingredients, making it very warming in autumn and winter.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8hujva.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4zxrro.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mal3uq.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qazomc.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/met3kt.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/txdrz9.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ypmn4.jpg)
+
+There are some new Uyghur restaurants on Zhujiang Road. I want to try this Hotan noodle soup next time.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/omwd0m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mya0tr.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qk5ctg.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eonfm3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7lanfg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5zbq06.jpg)
+
+In the evening, we had a meal at a relative's house, eating meatball soup and slow-cooked beef bone marrow. The homemade meatballs have lots of meat and very little starch; you really can't find this taste in restaurants. The beef bone marrow was stewed until soft and flavorful, so even the elderly could eat it easily. Steamed oil bread (youxiang) is a specialty of Xinjiang Hui Muslims. It is not deep-fried, making it healthier. It is fluffy in layers and carries the unique aroma of vegetable oil and fragrant clover (xiangdouzi).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2xy88w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bjvte1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5qjpnu.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/he70kt.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gkj4qp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g7od7l.jpg)
+
+**February 16**
+
+In the morning, we attended a meal at the Huashenglou Banquet Hall, located across from the Changsheng Brigade Mosque in the southern suburbs of Urumqi. This land originally belonged to my wife's relatives, but later it was rented to a friend (dost) from Midong to open a restaurant. Whenever the family hosts a banquet, they replace the kitchen staff with relatives to cook and serve their friends and family themselves.
+
+Changsheng is located at the southern foot of Yamalike Mountain. Under the Qing Dynasty's policy of settling soldiers to farm the border and the migration waves during the Republic of China, Hui Muslims from Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu arrived here to clear wasteland and farm, gradually forming a village. After the founding of New China, these Hui Muslim farming households were organized into the Changsheng Brigade, creating a stable Hui Muslim community. Compared to Hui Muslims living scattered in the city, the people here have kept more traditional customs, and their banquets are much larger.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rx476s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ah98l6.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/txrzw7.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6dwj7s.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5njmbe.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9k55xo.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v272rm.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/psomet.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9emvem.jpg)
+
+Following the order, nine small plates are served first while waiting for the main dishes, so people can drink tea and chat. The small plates contain things like dried fruits, snacks, and candied fruit. Then the small plates are cleared away and cold dishes are served, such as spiced dried tofu (xianggan), mung bean jelly (liangfen), and cold-tossed beef. Next come the stir-fried and stewed dishes, including clear-stewed lamb, braised beef steak, braised eggplant, pickled cabbage with lamb, fried hairtail fish, oil-seared meat (guoyourou), sauced meat-stuffed egg slices (jiashajiasha), stir-fried chives, and braised meatballs. These are all very traditional and have the true taste of a family banquet. Finally, they serve a sweet plate, also called eight-treasure rice (babaofan), which is very satisfying when drizzled with syrup.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/glol38.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mb1u2z.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9vljy7.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p0d24o.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f9vguy.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wbrtas.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oa3qoj.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xk4ypd.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ja4av0.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mnox7o.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5f6rtr.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iqtnz3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jeytkl.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cz541j.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tg6jya.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x50yi6.jpg)
+
+At noon, we had a gathering at Ma Laosan Huixiangge Restaurant in the Sangong area of Urumqi. The restaurant is near the northern edge of the city and specializes in Xinjiang Hui Muslim banquet dishes.
+
+We ate the nine-bowl three-row banquet (jiuwan sanxingzi), which included sauced meat-stuffed egg slices, braised fish chunks, pearl meatballs, braised beef steak, sweet plate, yellow-braised beef, braised meatballs, spicy chicken chunks, and sauced jelly (menzi). The nine-bowl three-row banquet comes in large and small sizes. Ordering a small portion along with a few other dishes is just right. We had light dishes like shrimp with snow peas and wontons, as well as bold-flavored dishes like peppercorn fish and peppercorn chicken. The restaurant also gave us complimentary chive and meat dumplings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u1eyfw.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8l6r48.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z3scrn.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Bashu__Longnan__Guangyuan__Chengdu_and_Chongqing_Muslim_Food.md b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Bashu__Longnan__Guangyuan__Chengdu_and_Chongqing_Muslim_Food.md
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3d1f482a76591ec71b54af3be14f289763612fee
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+++ b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Bashu__Longnan__Guangyuan__Chengdu_and_Chongqing_Muslim_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+---
+title: "Best Halal Food in Bashu: Longnan, Guangyuan, Chengdu and Chongqing Muslim Food Map"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2680"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2680"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:02Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "3ecf7e539de3fbdb254e6681788b0463b72cb5e265ea38daba9b40347313fadf"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Halal Food in Bashu: Longnan, Guangyuan, Chengdu and Chongqing Muslim Food Map
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Bashu halal food map covers Longnan, Guangyuan, Chengdu, and Chongqing, bringing together Hui Muslim restaurants, beef noodles, local snacks, and road trip food notes.
+
+I group Longnan in Gansu Province with Guangyuan and Chengdu in Sichuan, along with the municipality of Chongqing, because they share a similar food style that is mostly spicy and numbing. Longnan feels like it belongs in Sichuan because its dialect and food habits are so close. I heard that Jiuzhaigou was almost given to Gansu back in the day. Jiuzhaigou is only 70 kilometers from Longnan as the crow flies, but really, Longnan should be part of Sichuan. High-end food in Longnan is mostly halal. It uses Sichuan cooking methods with Northwest-style lamb, and when you sprinkle on Wudu peppercorn powder, it tastes incredible. Wudu peppercorns are the most famous. Jia Sixie, a famous agricultural scientist from the Northern Wei Dynasty, wrote in his encyclopedia Qimin Yaoshu that 'Sichuan peppercorns come from Wudu.' Many Sichuan restaurants get their peppercorns from Wudu too.
+
+First stop: Longnan
+
+For a trip through the Bashu region, I recommend starting in Longnan. Head south and enjoy the scenery along the way while noticing the subtle differences in food styles.
+
+**1. Starch jelly (liangfen)**
+
+This starch jelly is unique to Wudu District in Longnan. You can choose wide or thick pieces. It comes with wheat gluten (mianjin), a special vinegar broth, and a sprinkle of house-made chili. It is not too spicy but very fragrant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pw2v5m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lur24a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cpk90u.jpg)
+
+Address: Huangmiao Street, next to Qingzhen Lane, Wudu District, Longnan City
+
+**2. Tofu pudding (douhua)**
+
+The picture below shows another popular breakfast in Qingzhen Lane called tofu pudding. You can add a fried dough twist (mahua) to it. The twist is crispy and fragrant, and you can choose between soft or firm tofu pudding. It is a bit like Beijing-style tofu custard (doufunao), but the flavor is very different.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zky8of.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nmv255.jpg)
+
+Address: Huangmiao Street, next to Qingzhen Lane, Wudu District
+
+**3. Pot helmet bread (guokui)**
+
+This is Wudu-style pot helmet bread. Unlike the version in other areas that serves as a main meal, this one is soft like bread and can be eaten as a snack.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/io8anx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sqfwdb.jpg)
+
+**4. Ma's Wife Beef Noodles**
+
+They say everyone in Wudu knows this shop. It is very popular. I was too full to eat more, so I do not have a picture. The 'wife' in the name actually refers to an elderly woman.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s5ssra.jpg)
+
+Address: Huangmiao Street, next to Qingzhen Lane, Wudu District
+
+**5. Shuyun Shuwe**
+
+This is the beef tallow hotpot at Shuyun Shuwe in Wudu District. The white items are tofu pudding, and the dipping sauce is minced garlic and sesame oil. Longnan sits on a major route between Sichuan and Shaanxi, so its food absorbs the best of both Sichuan and Northwest cuisines.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vweaab.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4r5xim.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2kehyg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h6da96.jpg)
+
+Address: 100 meters northwest of the intersection of Jianshe Road and Binhe Road, Wudu District
+
+**6. Lanzhou Hand-Grabbed Lamb Restaurant**
+
+Come here and just order the hand-grabbed lamb (shouzhuayangrou) and lamb neck. The other dishes are just okay, but the lamb is great—very tender and not too gamey.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y8nozu.jpg)
+
+Address: Opposite Xiaodongyuan, Jianshe Road, Beishan East Road, Wudu District
+
+**7. Wudu Eid Noodles (kaizhaimian)**
+
+This is a home-cooked meal often eaten by Hui Muslims in Wudu during holidays. It comes with a bowl of soup and a bowl of noodles. When you eat, you put the noodles into the soup. You can add more noodles after finishing the first batch, similar to Beijing-style boiled noodles (guotiao). Serve it with some homemade pickles, and it is delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pesrs3.jpg)
+
+Address: Not available for takeout; first, you need to know a Hui Muslim friend in Wudu.
+
+Second stop: Guangyuan City
+
+Take a bus from Longnan and you can reach Guangyuan in three hours. Guangyuan has two mosques.
+
+**1. Majia Shifu**
+
+This is an absolutely authentic halal Sichuan restaurant. The mapo tofu, husband and wife lung slices (fuqi feipian), and steamed pork with rice flour (fenzhengrou) are all delicious. The soaked flatbread (paomo) has a very special taste. Once you are in Sichuan, get used to the fact that restaurants serve rice in a big basin, and it is free and all-you-can-eat. It sounds lovely to hear the staff calling out dishes to the kitchen in the Sichuan dialect.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5tghdq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nvtpyn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dmx9av.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7l8o0w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xe2hzf.jpg)
+
+Address: Next to the mosque on the southern section of Wangjiang Road, Guangyuan City.
+
+Third stop: Chengdu City
+
+**1. Tianfanglou**
+
+The long-established Tianfanglou is the largest halal restaurant in Chengdu. It is very popular and you will need to queue. Here I tasted authentic Sichuan delicacies like brown sugar sticky rice cakes (hongtang ciba), beef brisket with bamboo shoots, steamed beef with rice flour (fenzheng niurou), roasted lamb chops, baby cabbage with minced garlic, kung pao chicken (gongbao jiding), and twice-cooked pork (huiguorou).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uq39y5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bzcrgv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8a6k8d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rbqaka.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4j6iji.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xq6kpj.png)
+
+Address: Next to the Huangcheng Mosque at Tianfu Square.
+
+**2. Niububi Halal Sichuan Hot Pot**
+
+You have to wait in line for two hours, but you can use your phone to get a number. Luckily, Niububi does not cancel your spot if you miss your turn. I found the mild spicy broth very hot, but it was delicious. The signature beef is a must-order.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xbs83t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c9orq7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t9tat5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y5tf24.jpg)
+
+Address: No. 59 Xiangnongshi Street, Jinniu District (Xunchi Building, Yingmenkou).
+
+**3. Benbenniu Halal Hot Pot**
+
+Remember it is Benbenniu, not Niubenben, so do not go to the wrong place. It is not as spicy as Niububi hot pot. The signature beef and goose intestines are delicious. The environment at Benbenniu is a bit better. Remember to try the brown sugar sticky rice cakes (hongtang ciba). If you go at noon, you do not need to queue.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5cg2cz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/asgmbs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e5p50n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2wyvot.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zovf0j.jpg)
+
+Address: 15 meters to the northeast of the 'Those Years We Ate Skewers Together' restaurant, No. 171 Tongxin Road, Qingyang District.
+
+**4. Nanjie Street, Guankou Town, Dujiangyan**
+
+This street has an ancient mosque from the Ming Dynasty. Along both sides of the mosque, there are all kinds of Sichuan-style halal snacks, including wontons (chaoshou), rice noodles, pastries, hot pot, spicy hot pot (maocai), and three big cannons (san da pao). Sichuan halal snacks are all gathered on one street. Plus, the scenery in Dujiangyan is beautiful and it is not crowded, making it perfect for a stroll.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g9anno.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/03bwmd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rxip8o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4vra29.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sbaygk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8kjvcp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fyq5vv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0paqsm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iqm4tc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u567af.jpg)
+
+Address: Nanjie Street, Guankou Town, Dujiangyan Scenic Area.
+
+**5. Yijinyuan**
+
+Yijinyuan is next to the Tuqiao Mosque. A large basin of boiled beef slices (shuizhu niuliu) is only 28 yuan, and the rice is free. Get used to the custom in Sichuan where rice is free when you eat out; it comes in a bucket, and the rice in Sichuan is also delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0mgzsg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n8q7ie.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/byu3sy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/injdmt.jpg)
+
+Address: No. 13 Jinquan Road, Jinniu District.
+
+**6. Shunji Marinated Meats**
+
+Located next to the Tuqiao Mosque, this area has many snack shops. I saw everyone queuing at Shunji, so I joined in the fun. The red oil rabbit cubes (hongyou tuding) and marinated duck are very popular. The shopkeeper will cut them up and mix them with Lao Gan Ma chili sauce, which is appetizing and satisfying.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cmd2at.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/juuxdt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2ybyjp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tykds5.jpg)
+
+Address: Next to the mosque on Jinquan Road, Jinniu District.
+
+Fourth stop: Chongqing City
+
+The last stop on this trip is Chongqing, which also has the spiciest food. Sichuan food is known for being numbing, but once you reach Chongqing, you have to get used to the heat.
+
+**1. Silk Road Fragrant Concubine (Silu Xiangfei) Western Regions Restaurant**
+
+This restaurant has a Western Regions theme and features folk song and dance performances in the evening. They offer some Chongqing dishes, but the flavors are a bit heavy and not as well-made as their Northwest-style dishes.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ibfrzz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zrpbd2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vn7ezg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rutqf1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oju933.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b2y1s4.jpg)
+
+Address: No. 4, Zone A, Liujia Wharf, No. 185-10 Beibin First Road
+
+**2. Huixiangzhai**
+
+This is the only halal hot pot place in Chongqing, though there is another one right across the street. Both are located downstairs in the Muslim Building. The owner is from the Northwest, but they use local seasonings. It is very busy. You can find it right outside the Xiaoshangkou subway station. If you are visiting Chongqing, I suggest staying in this area for easy access to food.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/idfbwr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lcm3gd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0erypo.jpg)
+
+Address: No. 12 Zhongxing Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing (opposite the mosque)
diff --git a/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Changsha__Hunan_Hui_Muslim_Stir_Fry_at_a_Local_Restaurant.md b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Changsha__Hunan_Hui_Muslim_Stir_Fry_at_a_Local_Restaurant.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4db43a0c4abb96c8b4af079d9d8b9204247be05c
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+++ b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Changsha__Hunan_Hui_Muslim_Stir_Fry_at_a_Local_Restaurant.md
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+title: "Best Halal Food in Changsha: Hunan Hui Muslim Stir-Fry at a Local Restaurant"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2669"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2669"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:52Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "6460ba0b5077b4bcd69b128a112c76406406af7b14e8b04a97f94067131b421c"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Halal Food in Changsha: Hunan Hui Muslim Stir-Fry at a Local Restaurant
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Changsha halal food note visits a rare local Hunan-style Hui Muslim stir-fry restaurant, keeping the dishes, travel context, and local food details from the Chinese source.
+
+I visited mosques in Shaoyang, Hunan, during the May Day holiday. I flew to Changsha first and had lunch there. Changsha has two noodle shops run by Hui Muslims surnamed Su from Shaoyang, and one stir-fry and noodle shop run by Hui Muslims surnamed Zhang from Changde. Since our destination was Shaoyang, we chose the Changde stir-fry restaurant.
+
+The surname Zhang is common among Hui Muslims in Hunan. Their ancestor was named Pu Luode, originally from Sanhe, Langfang, Hebei. In 1368 (the first year of the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty), he was appointed commander of the Baoqing Guard in Hunan, and the Ming Emperor Taizu granted him the surname Zhang. His grandson, Zhang Hu, served as a thousand-household commander in Changde, Hunan, during the Yongle reign. He was transferred to the Imperial Guard in Beijing during the Xuande reign, retired to Changde in 1452 (the third year of the Jingtai reign of the Ming Dynasty), and settled in Badouwan, Wuling (now Dingcheng District, Changde). His descendants are known as the Badouwan Zhang clan.
+
+The owner of the Zhang Beef Noodle Shop knows how to say salaam. She is very friendly, recommends special dishes, and kindly asked us about our spice preference. The shop is located in the storefronts of the Hunan Islamic Association compound. Drivers can park inside the association's courtyard. There is a Xiangmu Home Hotel in the courtyard. An older lady at the front desk holds the key to the gate barrier, but she is difficult to talk to, so you have to ask the restaurant owner to speak with her.
+
+The restaurant stays open all afternoon. When we were there, the customers were all Hui Muslims traveling from out of town, and everyone mentioned how hard it is to find places to eat in Changsha. We ordered stir-fried yellow beef, minced beef with tofu, and braised beef rice noodles. Their signature dish is Changde stewed noodles (dunfen), which is a clay pot filled with various parts of the cow, served with the noodles on the side. However, we really wanted to try Hunan Hui Muslim stir-fry.
+
+Stir-fried yellow beef is a specialty of Hunan Hui Muslims. It is flash-fried over high heat for one minute, making the beef tender and fresh. The green chili peppers taste sweet at first with a mild spicy aftertaste, which is fine for people from the north. The minced beef with tofu was also very good and goes well with rice.
+
+The braised beef rice noodles are thin and chewy, and you just can't stop slurping them. The soup base tastes a bit like braised beef instant noodles. I just realized that the instant noodles I ate as a child were modeled after this southern-style braised beef flavor. After the food is ready, you can add toppings at the condiment station, such as pickled vegetables (suancai), soybeans, and pickled radishes, which all add great flavor. The owner said the chili at their condiment station is extremely spicy, so we didn't dare to add any.
+
+They use quite a bit of oil, which I think is a unique feature, but those who prefer lighter food should tell the shop in advance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7wtv3b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uf5hkc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e6u38l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l8j591.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u6nxlc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zjf52s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t0jdfx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pg6ly2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/883e7u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vn83nk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4q5c1b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/45hhjb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5du0qz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wy0dzx.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Hebei__Hui_Muslim_Restaurants__Beef_Dishes_and_Local_Snacks.md b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Hebei__Hui_Muslim_Restaurants__Beef_Dishes_and_Local_Snacks.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2aae79d8f71e278b00a8fe588ece9f278fd19b3a
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+++ b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Hebei__Hui_Muslim_Restaurants__Beef_Dishes_and_Local_Snacks.md
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+---
+title: "Best Halal Food in Hebei: Hui Muslim Restaurants, Beef Dishes and Local Snacks"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2679"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2679"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:58Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "a8a6fb3a75ff47afe0c18ca96fc965dedadbbd71af2899caf0e71c85db2cc0c7"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Halal Food in Hebei: Hui Muslim Restaurants, Beef Dishes and Local Snacks
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Hebei halal food map lists Hui Muslim restaurants, local beef dishes, noodles, snacks, and city-by-city food stops for Muslim travelers and readers following Chinese halal food.
+
+Hebei's food is a mix without a single system, blending styles from Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, and Shanxi. Because Hebei's geography varies so much from north to south, people say it is spicy in the south, sweet in the north, sour in the west, and salty in the east. This shows that Hebei's food style is basically having no style at all. Enough talk, let's get to the food.
+
+First stop: Shijiazhuang.
+
+**1. Bamboo Fungus Goose Hot Pot Zhai (Zhusun E Huoguo Zhai).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oqopug.jpg)
+
+The item floating in the picture above is bamboo fungus (zhusun). It is perfect for soup because its fluffy texture soaks up the broth and it has a slightly sandy crunch when you bite into it. Goose meat has a much better texture than chicken.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6akzti.jpg)
+
+The picture above shows the cooked goose leg. Goose meat is not easy to find, so I highly recommend this goose hot pot place in Shijiazhuang.
+
+Address: Intersection of Xinhua Road and Mosque Street (Qingzhensi Jie), Shijiazhuang.
+
+**2. Kaida Hot Pot Garden (Kaida Shuanyuan).**
+
+Shijiazhuang hot pot ingredients are similar to Beijing's, as many come from the Dachang area. This copper pot shop on Mosque Street is worth visiting because you can eat venison here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/moxn0j.jpg)
+
+It is right next to Bamboo Fungus Goose Hot Pot Zhai. Mosque Street is a street full of good food.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ks6hxa.jpg)
+
+This plate of bright red meat rolls is venison. When eating hot pot, it is best to boil a slice in plain water first without dipping sauce to taste the meat quality. Venison is a bit dry and chewier than lamb.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hbaar9.jpg)
+
+The bowl used for the dipping sauce is quite unique. These are the only two distinctive halal restaurants I found in Shijiazhuang.
+
+Address: Intersection of Mosque Street and Xinhua Road, Shijiazhuang.
+
+Second stop: Qinhuangdao.
+
+**1. Halal Food Alley (Qingzhen Shipin Xiang).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jdfhrw.jpg)
+
+Although it is called a food alley, it is actually quite short with only a few small, hole-in-the-wall shops. I don't remember the names, but they are located right behind the sign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s83hqi.jpg)
+
+This is lamb head meat and tripe soup (tourou dusi tang). The head meat is from a sheep, and this way of eating is very similar to the food in the Central Plains.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zb804d.jpg)
+
+You must add something filling when drinking the soup, so choose between a meat pie (xianbing) or a sesame flatbread (shaobing).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/71c60s.jpg)
+
+Address: Inside Halal Food Alley, Minzu South Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao.
+
+**2. Seafood Hui Muslim Restaurant (Haixian Huimin Fandian).**
+
+Coming to Qinhuangdao means seeing the sea and eating seafood. Halal seafood is easy to find here. This Hui Muslim restaurant is a relatively large halal place and the prices are not expensive.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rf0a76.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z4r3ic.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t75hhc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o9145c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/txskc3.jpg)
+
+Address: 40 meters east of the intersection of Xijing Road and Zhonghaitan Road.
+
+**3. Xilaishun.**
+
+This Xilaishun is not a branch of the famous old Beijing brand, but the food is still good. This was the first place I ever ate halal double-stir-fried meat (guobaorou) and spicy crab (xiangla xie).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4sub3m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g63hly.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fk2op3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o3k67o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vqq9x6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aqz1y9.jpg)
+
+Also, these steamed dumplings (zhengjiao) have a three-delicacy filling. Seafood makes you hungry quickly, so you need something more substantial.
+
+Address: Xihaitan Road, Beidaihe District, Qinhuangdao City (Note: Maps might show another Xilaishun in Nandaihe, but they are not the same place).
+
+**4. Halal Steamed Dumpling House (Qingzhen Shaomai Guan)**
+
+Qinhuangdao is a tourist city with lots of good food. You can find steamed dumplings (shaomai) everywhere, but they get better the further north you go. You can spot this restaurant's big sign right by the road.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pbomy8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hlg4of.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7cpfcp.jpg)
+
+Address: No. 66 Minzu Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao City.
+
+Stop 3: Chengde
+
+**1. Old Three Lamb Soup (Lao San Yangtang)**
+
+People in Chengde speak very much like people in Beijing, and their food tastes similar too. I recommend this place because it is truly famous and delicious locally. They serve lamb head with large sesame flatbread (shaobing). This flatbread is a size larger than the ones in Beijing, with a crispy crust and a soft, fluffy inside.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w55oqu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o9zfj2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e7fjd8.jpg)
+
+Address: Commercial Building 8#, No. 1 Beixinglong Street Residential Area, Shanzhuang East Road, Shuangqiao District, Chengde City.
+
+Stop 4: Baoding
+
+**1. Zhili An Family Beef Zhaobing (Zhili Anjia Niurou Zhaobing)**
+
+Zhaobing is a famous Baoding snack, and the best ones in town are halal. The way you eat it is similar to soaked flatbread (paomo). When you order, the server will ask how many liang of meat and how many liang of flatbread you want, meaning how much meat or bread you want in the soup. Most people choose more meat because it tastes better.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q4f4cs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uz9woz.jpg)
+
+Address: No. 199 Tian'e West Road, Baoding City (ground floor shops on the north side of the International Club).
+
+Stop 5: Cangzhou
+
+**1. Yangshangyang Whole Lamb Soup (Yangshangyang Quanyangtang)**
+
+Cangzhou has too much good food, so I only picked one place because of my limited time. Local friends highly recommended the lamb soup, which has a unique local flavor, especially the small shops in the alleys. I arrived too late to try the soup, but I did taste the lamb leg at Yangshangyang, which was truly unforgettable. The dishes here are prepared with great care, making it one of the best restaurants I visited in Hebei.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oo99uq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dfa701.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l0fhkj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4a674w.jpg)
+
+Address: South side of the road, 200 meters west of Kangtai Spa City, Guangrong Road, Cangzhou City.
+
+Stop 6: Xingtai
+
+**1. Yixinzhai Halal Specialty Shabu-Shabu (Yixinzhai Qingzhen Tese Shuanyangrou)**
+
+Although Xingtai has fewer famous foods, you can still find some good restaurants. A local friend told me that Wang Baoqiang is from Xingtai.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5q9x3d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/94wszu.jpg)
+
+Address: Next to Tenda Car Repair, Kaifang West Road. Lamb soup is on the north side of the middle section of Zhonghua West Street (near the north gate of the First High School).
+
+Stop 6: Tangshan
+
+**1. Muslim Restaurant (Musilin Fanzhuang)**
+
+I have been to Tangshan twice and ate at this restaurant both times, but I somehow never took any photos. The first time I had stir-fried dishes, and the second time I had hot pot mutton (shuanrou). The food was pretty good, and it is not that easy to find a halal restaurant in Tangshan.
+
+Address: 50 Wenhua Road (on the west side of Fenghuangshan Park)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2lbng0.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Henan__Hui_Muslim_Beef_Soup__Noodles_and_Local_Snacks.md b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Henan__Hui_Muslim_Beef_Soup__Noodles_and_Local_Snacks.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a945e899749df2c2ec40551f208006bb4a349080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Henan__Hui_Muslim_Beef_Soup__Noodles_and_Local_Snacks.md
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+---
+title: "Best Halal Food in Henan: Hui Muslim Beef Soup, Noodles and Local Snacks"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2681"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2681"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:11Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "55e3f4999c74788ce29c8c94d46a2a653a4a76718503432334828aee1c0d2fff"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Halal Food in Henan: Hui Muslim Beef Soup, Noodles and Local Snacks
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Henan halal food map follows Hui Muslim restaurants and local dishes across Henan, including beef soup, noodles, snacks, and city food stops preserved from the original guide.
+
+A single long WeChat post is not enough to fully introduce the halal food of the Great Central Plains. Historically, the food culture of the Central Plains has influenced all of China. This region is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. Most of the ancient figures we learned about in school were from Henan. You could say Henan is a concentrated version of China, and you can find halal versions of all kinds of food here.
+
+**First stop: Zhengzhou**
+
+**Fang Zhongshan Spicy Soup (hulatang)**
+
+The famous Fang Zhongshan Spicy Soup is a must-eat every time I come to Zhengzhou. Spicy soup is the breakfast of choice for people in Henan. Fang Zhongshan is arguably the most popular spicy soup shop in Zhengzhou. It is more expensive and spicier than the average spicy soup, but it is very popular. You even have to wait in line to drink it early in the morning.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/agigjn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h7vhk5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vbu9rb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w2pxv3.jpg)
+
+Address: Zijingshan Road, Zhengdong New District
+
+**2. Qingyan Xiaoyao Town Spicy Soup**
+
+Xiaoyao Town is the most famous place for selling spicy soup outside of its home. If you are not used to the strong flavor of Fang Zhongshan, you can try the Xiaoyao Town Spicy Soup. Pair it with pan-fried buns (jianbao) and fried dough fritters (youmotou). It is very fragrant and delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/58f07u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jnylzg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/anfnsk.jpg)
+
+Address: 10 meters east of the intersection of Tongle Road and Huanghe South Street, north side of the road (next to Chaifu Dumplings)
+
+**3. Heji Braised Noodles (huimian)**
+
+Braised noodles are to Henan what beef noodles are to Lanzhou. Heji Braised Noodles is considered a famous Chinese snack. Locals give it mixed reviews, but I have tried a few braised noodle shops, and I think this one tastes pretty good. It is quite crowded when you go at noon.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/alb8v9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/msli09.jpg)
+
+Address: 200 meters south of the intersection of Dongfeng East Road and Zhongyi Road, Jinshui District, east side of the road
+
+**4. Zhenwei-Hongyuanzhai Restaurant**
+
+This is a large halal restaurant that serves various stir-fried dishes and roast duck. The food is quite refined, and they have several branches in Zhengzhou.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gum3wa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tpdid3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dzzi2n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r8gxml.jpg)
+
+Address: Intersection of Shinan Road and Lianhua Street, High-tech Development Zone, Zhongyuan District (opposite the Boiler Factory)
+
+**5. Zhecheng Stacked Lamb (duozi yangrou)**
+
+Stacked lamb is made by boiling the lamb, pressing it into a solid block, and then slicing it to eat with steamed buns or flatbread. Eating stacked lamb and beef is very popular in Henan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4vzh5j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/laq1fs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mt70e1.jpg)
+
+Address: 57-19 Chengdongnan Road
+
+**6. Tongshengxiang**
+
+You can eat Xi'an-style lamb pita bread soup (yangrou paomo) here. Perhaps due to the local environment, the taste changes when a Xi'an shop opens in Zhengzhou. Similarly, when Zhengzhou braised noodles are opened elsewhere, they do not taste as good as they do locally.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l1a0wa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s8ipmp.jpg)
+
+Address: Southeast corner of the intersection of Hanghai Road and Zhongzhou Avenue, Guancheng Hui District (southeast corner of Zhongzhou Avenue intersection)
+
+**7. Yisai Mansion**
+
+You can eat halal steak in the Zhengdong New District. Yisai beef is very famous. The environment here is nice, the prices are not expensive, and there is a self-service fruit salad and snack platter.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hvbojf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/seqxn2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yukudh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e6a5zb.jpg)
+
+Address: 3rd Floor, Dennis, CBD, Zhengzhou East District
+
+**Second stop: Kaifeng**
+
+**Wuyi Night Market**
+
+Kaifeng is less than an hour's drive from Zhengzhou, and people say the two cities will soon merge. Kaifeng has many night markets with so many snacks that they rival the Hui Muslim Street in Xi'an. They feel even more traditional. You can eat beef tripe skewers (shuan niudu), almond tea (xingren cha), soup-filled buns (guantangbao), flatbread (luomo), and lamb offal soup (yangza tang) every day without getting tired of them.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/atgjm2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cqqbzr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5buc1g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rmp20b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wlk3nm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yi23xn.jpg)
+
+Address: Wuyi Road, Kaifeng City
+
+**2. Little Fatty Beef (Xiaofeiniu) Buffet Hot Pot**
+
+This buffet hot pot is quite affordable. It has a wide variety of seafood and meat, plus unlimited bottled drinks.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rplucv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4qf83n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r9426p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1zd3c6.jpg)
+
+Address: No. 79 Xinsong Road, Shunhe Hui District (200 meters west of the south entrance of Laodong Road, on the south side of the street)
+
+**3. Wife's Braised Noodles and Braised Flatbread (Laopo Huimian Huimo)**
+
+They sell various Kaifeng snacks here, including sweet rice (tianfan) and stacked beef (duozi niurou).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uje3e2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5t5fge.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4c8jd9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jxt1hc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tclm61.jpg)
+
+Address: 200 meters south of the intersection of the middle section of Zhongshan Road and Baogonghu South Road
+
+**4. Around Kaifeng East Great Mosque (Dongdasi)**
+
+The East Great Mosque is the largest mosque in Kaifeng. The streets are full of halal snack shops. Famous Kaifeng halal snacks also include barrel chicken (tongziji) and peanut brittle (huashengsu).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m55d6j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/82rgv5.jpg)
+
+Address: Near Chunping North and South Streets
+
+**Third Stop: Xuchang City**
+
+**Dongyishun Restaurant**
+
+Dongyishun is a fairly large halal chain brand. The dipping sauce tastes slightly different from the ones in Beijing because they add dried shrimp skin. You can also try their snacks.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f8bjts.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ymfyih.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6l95jg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aw78nz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kf5ofi.jpg)
+
+Address: Intersection of Xinxing Road and Xingye Road, Weidu District
+
+**Fourth Stop: Yuzhou City**
+
+**Qingdao Ma Family Halal Seafood Hot Pot**
+
+Yuzhou is a county-level city under Xuchang. There are many Hui Muslims here, and there is a wide variety of halal restaurants. This seafood hot pot place is quite unique.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a2f08x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6xfzo1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yg5dj6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xbaufl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jwxdfb.jpg)
+
+Address: West of the south gate of Pingshan Yongheyuan, Jianshe East Road
+
+**2. Guangba Sichuan Spicy Chicken Pot**
+
+I haven't had chicken pot hot pot since leaving Yuzhou. You eat the chicken pieces first, then add broth to start cooking vegetables. Locals like to cook instant noodles in it and pair it with a local cola called Yinmei Koule. This drink is incredibly popular locally and even outsells Coca-Cola.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kv4chj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j5csqs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6vyxvj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/29dedf.jpg)
+
+Address: 70 meters west of the intersection of Huaxia Avenue and Fuxi Road, Yuzhou City, on the south side of the street
+
+**Stop 5: Pingdingshan City**
+
+**1. Halal Yanbin Restaurant**
+
+There are not many halal restaurants in Pingdingshan. This one is relatively large and serves Henan-style food, including sweet rice (tianfan) and lamb bones (yanggutou).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q7ygqw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f4n9fh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/irtrfp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qark1j.jpg)
+
+Address: 50 meters west of the Mediterranean, 28 Nanhuan Road, Pingdingshan City
+
+**Stop 6: Jiaozuo City**
+
+**Yili Three-Fresh Braised Noodles City**
+
+The food style in Jiaozuo is similar to Zhengzhou, with braised noodles (huimian) as the main dish. This restaurant is quite large, and their three-fresh braised noodles are very good.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aczwdy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7cvh5t.jpg)
+
+Address: 100 meters south of the intersection of Jiefang Road and Dongyuan Road, on the east side of the road
+
+**2. Tripe Shred Soup**
+
+This shop has no name and is just called Tripe Shred Soup (dusi tang). I consider it a local halal snack. It is only served for breakfast and comes with oil pancakes (youbing), which are actually griddle-baked pancakes (laobing) in Jiaozuo.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1085pl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uisf2x.jpg)
+
+Address: Southeast of Jiaozuo Railway Station, walk through a vegetable market, the shop is on the east side of the road
+
+**Stop 7: Jiyuan City**
+
+**Xiajie Hui Muslim Commercial Street**
+
+When you come to Jiyuan, just go to the Hui Muslim Commercial Street to eat. You can find all kinds of local snacks, such as clay pot mixed stew (shaguo zaban), steamed buns (baozi), lamb soup (yangtang), and sesame flatbread (shaobing). They are delicious, affordable, and come in large portions.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q45g0r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d8oquc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f3eeun.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nl5jd7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zyh2h3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p0imsa.jpg)
+
+Address: Xiajie, Jiyuan (intersection of Minzu Road and Beihai Avenue)
+
+**Stop 8: Sangpo Village**
+
+As one of the wealthiest Hui Muslim villages in Henan, Sangpo surprisingly lacks decent halal restaurants. Perhaps the local Hui Muslims are all busy running their sheepskin shearing businesses.
+
+There is a market at the entrance of the village where you can stroll at night to eat roasted lamb leg. Since the people in Sangpo process snow boots for Australian UGG, the lamb leg you eat might even be imported from Australia.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/511p7k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wybh6o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1jshbw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rdcdxf.jpg)
+
+Address: North entrance of Sangpo Village, Mengzhou City
+
+**Stop 9: Luoyang City**
+
+**Stir-fried Lamb in 6 Minutes**
+
+Luoyang has a lot of good food, mostly concentrated in the Hui Muslim district. The stir-fried lamb in six minutes is eaten like roast duck, wrapped in thin pancakes (baobing). It is very satisfying, and after you finish, you can add soup to the pot to cook more meat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5kaqyy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/10aaua.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z1blhk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8mwb6j.jpg)
+
+Address: No. 257 Qiming East Road, Chanhe Hui Muslim District, Luoyang
+
+**2. Yuxiuzhai**
+
+This is a fairly large halal restaurant. I only ate breakfast here. People in Luoyang drink beef soup in the morning and add meatballs. These meatballs are unique to Henan and are a dry food that Hui Muslims often carry when they travel.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9wz3ti.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aq5w1f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/67z61z.jpg)
+
+Address: 243 Qiming East Road, Chanhe Hui District, Luoyang.
+
+I only made short stops in Nanyang and Xinyang and did not find any halal restaurants worth recommending, though I did pass by a halal hot pot restaurant in Nanyang.
+
+**Wang Family Hot Pot (Wangjia Shuairou) on He Street in Nanyang.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fcfsv7.jpg)
+
+Address: 30 meters south of the intersection of Zhongjing South Road and Xinhua East Road, on the west side of the road.
+
+Xinyang is known for hot dry noodles (reganmian). Many people think these are a Wuhan snack, but people in Xinyang love them too, and Xinyang's version was even featured on the show A Bite of China. However, they are not halal. Following a local recommendation, I tried the Xinyang specialty pot-lid bread (diguomo), which was soft and delicious. Inshallah, I will explore this place more thoroughly next time.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ym5tt7.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Hubei__Wuhan_Hui_Muslim_Restaurants__Beef_Noodles_and_Local_S.md b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Hubei__Wuhan_Hui_Muslim_Restaurants__Beef_Noodles_and_Local_S.md
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57b4afd8f169a05e5132df5d40e7acb9b8062b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Hubei__Wuhan_Hui_Muslim_Restaurants__Beef_Noodles_and_Local_S.md
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+---
+title: "Best Halal Food in Hubei: Wuhan Hui Muslim Restaurants, Beef Noodles and Local Snacks"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2689"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2689"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:59Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "f3f9f851266a6ade4c14f55e5f8490ba5fd826008556d12e9ceb3565e7e0fcfc"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Halal Food in Hubei: Wuhan Hui Muslim Restaurants, Beef Noodles and Local Snacks
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Hubei halal food map follows Hui Muslim restaurants, Wuhan food stops, beef noodles, local snacks, and practical details for Muslim readers exploring halal food in central China.
+
+**1. Qiyimen Hui Muslim Barbecue**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7t9gwp.jpg)
+
+This small shop is run by local Hui Muslims in Wuhan and is the only halal restaurant on Qiyi Street. The storefront is easy to miss. The Hui Muslims on Qiyi Street have lived here for generations. During the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, a famous incident of literary persecution against Hui Muslims known as the Haifurun Literary Inquisition took place here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i30hx6.jpg)
+
+It sits right next to a beef and mutton market, so the food is guaranteed to be fresh.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/py55rj.jpg)
+
+There are only four tables and the space is tiny, but the food they make is impressive.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p19swz.jpg)
+
+These small skewers cost 2 yuan each. The meat is tender and fresh without any gamey smell.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yp7gzt.jpg)
+
+The grilled chicken cartilage is also very crispy and fragrant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7no1eu.jpg)
+
+Because I was in a hurry, the owner recommended a plate of dumplings. The dumplings are small and delicate. I ate twenty of them by myself. They are filled with mutton and served with chili and vinegar. Delicious!
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2a0779.jpg)
+
+Next door are all halal beef and mutton stalls.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1s72cb.jpg)
+
+There are also some stalls selling braised dishes (luwei).
+
+**2. Mecca Restaurant (Maijia Fanzhuang)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7rkzzx.jpg)
+
+If you search for Mecca Restaurant on Baidu Maps, two addresses will appear. This one is the Bayi Road branch. The other is on the second floor of the halal canteen at South-Central Minzu University. The second floor of the canteen sells spicy hot pot (malatang), so I recommend the Bayi Road branch if you want local specialty stir-fried dishes.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z0o8t4.jpg)
+
+Looking at the menu, all the dishes are fresh and focus on specialties from Fang County. The owner is a Hui Muslim from Fang County, Hubei. Fang County is a county in Shiyan, Hubei, where there is a relatively large Hui Muslim population.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6553tt.jpg)
+
+My stomach and time are limited. If I were staying for a week, I would really want to try every dish on the menu.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8kxeke.jpg)
+
+The environment is quite refined.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gk5y1u.jpg)
+
+Private rooms need to be booked in advance because so many people come here to eat that you have to wait in line.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h7awba.jpg)
+
+I waited for half an hour before I could eat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u5qdpl.jpg)
+
+Since I am in Wuhan, I definitely have to eat a Wuchang fish.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v4pxyx.jpg)
+
+Dendrobium duck soup (shihu laoya tang). If you cannot get duck necks, having a whole duck is also excellent. When I was eating this dish, someone came over and asked to take a photo of it, saying they thought the container was very beautiful.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lp2etf.jpg)
+
+This is brown sugar griddle bread (hongtang guokui). It is small like a pastry, fluffy and soft. If you cannot finish it, you can take it with you. Overall, the food at this restaurant is excellent, which is no wonder why there are so many diners.
+
+**3. Second Floor of the Halal Canteen at South-Central Minzu University**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h1e7yq.jpg)
+
+There are many international students in this university who are Muslims.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a68gb7.jpg)
+
+The second floor is where you can get small stir-fried dishes. Students who missed lunch can come here, but they do not accept cash. I had to borrow a meal card from a stranger.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w83ddn.jpg)
+
+The place is very large and seems to have been established recently.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x0jfmu.jpg)
+
+There are all kinds of halal food here, and the prices are cheap.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pgzccx.jpg)
+
+I ordered a pot of three-sauce braised chicken (san zhi men guo) for only ten yuan.
+
+**4. Pang's Hot Dry Noodles (Pang Ji Huo Huo Re Gan Mian)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mff0qy.jpg)
+
+For a foodie from our community, you cannot miss this place. As far as I know, this is the only halal hot dry noodles (re gan mian) in Wuhan, and it is a long-standing shop. You have to line up in the morning. This Erqi Road shop is one of the branches, and there is another branch near the No. 16 Middle School in Kunhouli.
+
+That shop is older, but both shops taste the same.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wt0qh8.jpg)
+
+This portion is only 4 yuan, though it used to cost only 2 yuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/alm5qi.jpg)
+
+This is sticky rice chicken (nuomi ji). Even though it is called chicken, it is actually filled with sticky rice and some vegetables, and sometimes a little bit of minced meat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vp2ag5.jpg)
+
+I had braised egg (lu dan) and braised dried tofu (lu ganzi). I did not know how to mix them the first time, so the owner helped me. She said if I did not mix it well, I would ruin their reputation. The Hui Muslims in Wuhan are very warm-hearted.
+
+**5. Wanqingzhai**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vnrd5l.jpg)
+
+I accidentally found this halal barbecue place on Erqi Road, but it was not open.
+
+**6. Xinjiang Silk Road Barbecue Food City**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xr01ea.jpg)
+
+I saw this Xinjiang barbecue shop near Liuduqiao subway station and will try it if I have the chance.
+
+**7. Xiangyang Beef Noodles**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pmxoqz.jpg)
+
+There is not much food to eat in Xiangyang, but luckily the famous Xiangyang beef noodles have a halal version right at the entrance of the Xiangyang mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z8ki6u.jpg)
+
+This type of noodle is called flat noodles (ban mian). Before cooking, the owner will ask you what kind of noodles you want.
+
+**8. Shiyan Changlaishun Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d1i3z3.jpg)
+
+There are very few halal restaurants in downtown Shiyan, mostly just pulled noodle (lamian) shops. This restaurant specializes in hot pot and has a good local reputation.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/irg864.jpg)
+
+The owner is from Jilin and has opened two Changlaishun shops in Shiyan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qr2cmh.jpg)
+
+The shop is not very big, but it is one of the larger halal restaurants in Shiyan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7czx2k.jpg)
+
+This was my first time eating this kind of baked flatbread (kaobing). It was crispy on the outside and tender on the inside, and very worth trying.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xq6879.jpg)
+
+The waiter highly recommended these lamb dumplings (yangrou jiaozi). They were delicious, and I finished the whole plate in less than three minutes.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/koxdk2.jpg)
+
+This is char siu fish (chashao yu), made with crucian carp from the Han River.
+
+Address: First floor of Guanyue Plaza, Dongyue Road (Main Store) / No. 49 Checheng Road (Branch)
+
+**9. Mulange**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/atgqu7.jpg)
+
+This is the biggest halal restaurant in Shiyan, and an imam actually recommended it to me.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y20f9e.jpg)
+
+It looks very pretty from the outside.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6uvtzv.jpg)
+
+I arrived in the morning before they were open for business.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i771f6.jpg)
+
+The shop is clean and tidy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lgjugu.jpg)
+
+I took a look at the menu and there are many options. A bowl of lamb braised noodles (huimian) gave away that the owner is from Henan, and when I asked, they were indeed from Pingdingshan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y4mzjv.jpg)
+
+Shiyan is home to Wudang Mountain, so prices in this tourist city are a bit high.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tpb3rc.jpg)
+
+Since I arrived early, the kitchen staff hadn't started work yet, but I had to get on the road. I am grateful the owner asked the kitchen to make me a bowl of braised noodles (huimian) anyway. The taste was very authentic, and I even drank all the soup.
+
+Address: Back gate of Shiyan No. 1 Middle School, Dongshan Road, Shanghai City.
diff --git a/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Jiangsu__Zhejiang_and_Shanghai__Hui_Muslim_Snacks_and_Local_R.md b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Jiangsu__Zhejiang_and_Shanghai__Hui_Muslim_Snacks_and_Local_R.md
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11b403457579cf422a7b0dd3f3f23525cabe3839
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+++ b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Jiangsu__Zhejiang_and_Shanghai__Hui_Muslim_Snacks_and_Local_R.md
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+---
+title: "Best Halal Food in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai: Hui Muslim Snacks and Local Restaurants"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2690"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2690"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:53Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "1a24622e8a090f8196116924021ca341fd3d051e84223849386dbbf3e923076e"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Halal Food in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai: Hui Muslim Snacks and Local Restaurants
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai halal food map brings together Hui Muslim snacks, local restaurants, noodles, dumplings, and city food stops across the region.
+
+**Xuzhou**
+
+**1. Donglaishun**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/objdqk.jpg)
+
+I know many brothers and sisters (dost) do not choose Donglaishun when eating out, but do not be too picky when you reach the south. In Xuzhou, just be content to find a halal restaurant that is not a hand-pulled noodle shop.
+
+Since Donglaishun became a national chain, it serves not only hot pot meat but also stir-fried dishes.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bl1m3m.jpg)
+
+Address: Diagonally opposite Yintai Apartment, Yunlong District, Xuzhou City
+
+**2. Xinjiang Flavor Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d8kkf1.jpg)
+
+Xinjiang Flavor Restaurant is near the Ginza Mall in Xuzhou. People in Xuzhou eat a lot of lamb, and you can see lamb restaurants everywhere on the street.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1zykfv.jpg)
+
+The environment is decorated quite elegantly with a strong Western Regions style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ujxwfy.jpg)
+
+Stir the Xinjiang yogurt before drinking because the sugar is at the bottom, otherwise the sourness will make you cry.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l0kjiy.jpg)
+
+Kazakh-style fries are quite thick and have a very special taste.
+
+Address: Near Ginza Department Store
+
+**3. Xuzhou Beef and Mutton Shop**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xh61t6.jpg)
+
+Halal restaurants in Xuzhou basically source their meat from the Xuzhou mosque, so the meat prices here are on the higher side, but you can be sure it is halal.
+
+Address: No. 35, Huanghe West Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou City
+
+**Suzhou**
+
+**4. Huixianglou**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/34xt6w.jpg)
+
+Suzhou is a very beautiful city, but there are really not many halal restaurants here. I have not found any halal restaurants with local flavors yet. At this Huixianglou, you can eat hot pot, and they also make some simple home-style stir-fried dishes and barbecue.
+
+Address: No. 21, Lane 2, Beiju, South Gate of Renmin Shopping Mall (near Pangjie Sauerkraut Fish)
+
+**Nanjing**
+
+**5. Maxiangxing**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k5rg2n.jpg)
+
+It is much more comfortable once you reach Nanjing. As the ancient capital of six dynasties, Nanjing has nearly 100,000 local Hui Muslims, so it is easy to find halal restaurants.
+
+This Maxiangxing is a century-old shop in Nanjing. It has not only stir-fried dishes but also halal snacks. My favorite is the potstickers (guotie) at Maxiangxing; you cannot find that taste anywhere else once you leave Nanjing. I suggest friends visiting Nanjing come to Maxiangxing for breakfast. There are many varieties, and the taste is excellent.
+
+Address: No. 32, Yunnan North Road, Gulou District (near Hubei Road)
+
+**6. Qifangge**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2uf6ng.jpg)
+
+Qifangge Halal Restaurant, located inside the Confucius Temple, is another century-old shop in Nanjing. I highly recommend trying the 25 Qinhuai River snacks here. These 25 items are actually served as one dish, combining various Nanjing snacks on a single table so you can taste a little bit of everything.
+
+Address: 12 Gongyuan West Street (near Confucius Temple)
+
+**Shanghai**
+
+**7. Dadi Black Beef Hot Pot**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kjf0zh.jpg)
+
+The busier the city, the easier it is to find halal restaurants. However, most halal restaurants in Shanghai focus on Northwest and Western flavors, which can get tiring after a while. This black beef hot pot is a great way to change things up.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lsfoql.jpg)
+
+A plate of lamb and a plate of beef.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z138z5.jpg)
+
+The black beef is not actually black.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0a2vjt.jpg)
+
+They also serve seafood sashimi and other dishes; I ordered a pair of large shrimp.
+
+Address: Shop B419, Starry Sky Plaza, 1665 Hongqiao Road (Hongqiao Road)
+
+**8. Huxi Mosque Jumu'ah Market**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o4lp5x.jpg)
+
+On Changde Road near the Huxi Mosque, there is a market every Jumu'ah (Friday prayer day). It is mostly run by Uyghur merchants. In Xinjiang, these markets are called bazaars.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s17445.jpg)
+
+Freshly baked meat buns (kaobaozi).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vnvp6d.jpg)
+
+Thin-skinned buns (baopibaozi) filled with lamb.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7zw4a6.jpg)
+
+They also sell roasted whole lamb, so remember to come on a Friday.
+
+Address: Changde Road, Putuo District, Shanghai.
+
+**9. Uyghur Restaurant (Main Branch)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m8zo27.jpg)
+
+A major feature of restaurants serving Uyghur and other Western Region ethnic cuisines is the dance performance in the evening.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h2ixmk.jpg)
+
+The roasted lamb leg is delicious, and this place is great for group meals.
+
+Address: 280 Yishan Road, Xuhui District (between Nandan Road and Puhuitang Road)
+
+**Hangzhou**
+
+**10. Northwest Family (Xibei Renjia)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zh2srn.jpg)
+
+Located near West Lake, Northwest Family is not run by local Hangzhou people, but it has been in Hangzhou for 20 years. The menu has adapted to local tastes. This is white-cut chicken (baizhanji).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i7eoqg.jpg)
+
+If you want to eat Hangzhou-style halal food, this is the only restaurant that has it. This is the Huaiyang four-vegetable dish (Huaiyang sishu).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3bqe1d.jpg)
+
+Fruit shrimp (shuiguo xiaren).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hnbhrm.jpg)
+
+They serve West Lake vinegar fish (xihu chuyu) here. I am not sure if it is authentic, but it tastes good.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aqfgs4.jpg)
+
+Enjoying West Lake beef soup (xihu niurou geng) by the side of West Lake.
+
+Address: 1st Floor, Zhejiang Great Wall Asset Building, No. 23 Youdian Road.
+
+**Jiaxing**
+
+**11. Jiaxing Mosque**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t005oy.jpg)
+
+Jiaxing Mosque was built during the Ming Dynasty. You can buy halal beef and lamb here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uyo52f.jpg)
+
+There is a breakfast shop at the entrance of the mosque selling fried dough sticks (youtiao), steamed buns (baozi), and more. About 500 meters to the right of the mosque's main entrance, there is a halal restaurant called Yipin Meishi.
+
+I saw it while passing by in a car. I was in a rush and did not get to try it, but if you have the chance, you should go check it out.
+
+Address: No. 469 Huancheng East Road, Nanhu District, Jiaxing City.
+
+**Shaoxing**
+
+**12. Medina Western Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ju1qq8.jpg)
+
+I found this place after I had already eaten. There is also an Indian restaurant right next to it.
+
+Address: Diyang Road, Changlong Building, Keqiao District, Shaoxing City (next to Hanting Hotel).
+
+**13. JAI HIND Indian Cuisine**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x3ofgk.jpg)
+
+It is right next to Medina Restaurant. There are a few other halal restaurants in this area, so I suggest friends visiting Shaoxing stay nearby for easy dining.
+
+Address: Diyang Road, Changlong Building, Keqiao District, Shaoxing City (next to Hanting Hotel).
+
+**14. Pamir Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9nfy8s.jpg)
+
+This is a large Xinjiang restaurant. It has a good local reputation and is very popular.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/970hp7.jpg)
+
+**Freshly grilled meat (kaorou).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ohmk3m.jpg)
+
+Thin-skinned lamb buns (baopi yangrou baozi). They are wrapped and steamed to order, so you have to wait half an hour.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9pdd62.jpg)
+
+I like to have pomegranate juice with my grilled meat. Guided by the owner, I also found the nearby Pakistan Kuba Mosque. Although it is a temporary place for namaz, it has all the necessary facilities.
+
+Address: Wanshang Road, Shaoxing County, Shaoxing City (near Jinlin Tiandi).
+
+**Ningbo**
+
+**15. Dongyishun**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3vn6b9.jpg)
+
+There are many chain locations in Ningbo, mainly selling halal snacks and fast food.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n18dcb.jpg)
+
+The shop prohibits smoking and alcohol. The owner is very devout and has written many books.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/18jog1.jpg)
+
+Delicious lamb soup (yangtang).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a4vq1o.jpg)
+
+Lamb potstickers (guotie). The food in the shop is very tasty and seasoned just right.
+
+Address: No. 5 Dingxin Street, Ningbo (chain store).
+
+**16. Manboer Revolving Hot Pot**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/07adzg.jpg)
+
+It is a blessing to be able to eat small hot pot in Ningbo.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aa61w5.jpg)
+
+There is a variety of seafood, meat, fruit, and vegetables to choose from here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uso78e.jpg)
+
+After eating, take your skewers to the front desk to pay.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/obgocw.jpg)
+
+Each person gets their own pot, with options like clear broth and spicy flavors.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zywk10.jpg)
+
+You can also order freshly sliced lamb skewers (chuanr) separately.
+
+Address: First floor, Building 36, Dongdu Road, next to Intime Department Store.
+
+**Taizhou**
+
+**17. Henan Halal Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oma7t9.jpg)
+
+Taizhou does not have a permanent mosque, only temporary places for prayer. Because of this, there are no particularly large halal restaurants.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lak2l9.jpg)
+
+**Scrambled eggs (tan jidan).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j6k31u.jpg)
+
+This flatbread (bing) is delicious and great for dipping in vegetable soup.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n9kxbb.jpg)
+
+Spicy chicken pieces (mala jikuai). In the mild-flavored south, this counts as a heavy-flavored dish.
+
+Address: Huangjiao Road frontage road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou.
+
+**18. Lanzhou Hand-Pulled Noodles (lamian)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mtgu84.jpg)
+
+This noodle shop is worth mentioning because I was worried about finding food at night, and I discovered this place by the side of the road. It does not show up on maps.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n82klq.jpg)
+
+Many noodle shops in the south have started serving boiled dumplings (shuijiao) with lamb or beef fillings.
+
+Address: Luohui Huang Village, Qingfeng Avenue, Huangyan District.
+
+**Wenzhou.**
+
+**19. Lanzhou Hand-Pulled Noodles (Lanzhou lamian).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/40yfar.jpg)
+
+I am recording this noodle shop because the staff were so kind. I was just passing by to ask for the location of a mosque in Wenzhou, and they specifically asked for the address for me in their Salar noodle shop group chat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yqnwdh.jpg)
+
+Many Salar people run noodle shops in Wenzhou. The mosque address shown on Baidu Maps is no longer valid. The new location is on Heqing Road, and you really cannot find it without asking someone. Near Heqing Road, you can buy halal beef, lamb, and some packaged foods.
+
+Address: Wuma Pedestrian Street, near Xiaonanmen Station.
+
+**20. Xinjiang Abudu Barbecue.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yyhdpj.jpg)
+
+The owner of the beef and lamb shop on Heqing Road told me there are no large halal restaurants in Wenzhou, but this Xinjiang barbecue shop counts as a big one. Several noodle shops are also clustered in the surrounding area.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0w87ss.jpg)
+
+The cost of living in Wenzhou is high, and the local people are wealthy. People say the standard gift money for a friend's wedding is 2,000 yuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ltm3lq.jpg)
+
+**Xinjiang mixed noodles (banmian).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f0vwgw.jpg)
+
+Grilled chicken wings and grilled lamb chops.
+
+Address: Next to the gas station at Wenzhou New South Station.
+
+**Yiwu.**
+
+**21. Fatiha Restaurant.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0i0mti.jpg)
+
+The place with the highest concentration of halal restaurants in Zhejiang Province is Yiwu, a city under the jurisdiction of Jinhua. It takes 15 minutes to get to Yiwu by train from the Jinhua high-speed railway station.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bwc8k1.jpg)
+
+Cream pudding; the desserts at this Turkish restaurant are of a very high standard.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sixjdz.jpg)
+
+Lentil soup.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tt0851.jpg)
+
+Salmon and blueberry salad.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j3hjne.jpg)
+
+Turkish pizza; it not only looks good but is also very satisfying to eat.
+
+Address: No. 506, Chouzhou North Road.
+
+**22. Exotic Cuisine Street.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oc0wwk.jpg)
+
+Chouzhou North Road is Yiwu's street for exotic food, with many halal restaurants. It gets busy after 9:00 PM every night and has leisure spots like bars and cafes. As the wealthiest county-level city in the country, Yiwu has high-end restaurants.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0cv186.jpg)
+
+Taj Mahal Restaurant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/csn3jm.jpg)
+
+Kashgar Xinjiang Restaurant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3vp76e.jpg)
+
+Bosi Western Restaurant, though my appetite was too small to try it alone.
+
+Address: Chouzhou North Road, Yiwu.
+
+**3. Jiangdong Middle Road Food Street.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ios9g3.jpg)
+
+This area is also packed with halal food. Unlike the exotic international street, this place focuses on Chinese food, and the restaurants here almost never serve alcohol.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1apbby.jpg)
+
+Lehaha Halal Restaurant, which seems to be a hot pot place.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y7qg60.jpg)
+
+Xinjiang specialty spicy numbing chicken (jiaomaji).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/slq8sw.jpg)
+
+There used to be a Dali Prefecture Halal Restaurant here, but it has moved, and the map address has not been updated yet.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qqa1nb.jpg)
+
+It is rare to find halal braised chicken with rice (huangmenji mifan).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zdhw0d.jpg)
+
+I shared a table here with two strong guys from Palestine.
+
+That covers the halal restaurants in the Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai areas. All photos are original, so feel free to repost them without asking for my permission.
+
+Address: Jiangdong Middle Road, Yiwu City.
diff --git a/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Lanzhou__Beef_Noodles__Hui_Muslim_Snacks_and_Local_Restaurant.md b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Lanzhou__Beef_Noodles__Hui_Muslim_Snacks_and_Local_Restaurant.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef61c14dd729256c15dd23ce465761ad5da82e24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Lanzhou__Beef_Noodles__Hui_Muslim_Snacks_and_Local_Restaurant.md
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+---
+title: "Best Halal Food in Lanzhou: Beef Noodles, Hui Muslim Snacks and Local Restaurants"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2684"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2684"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:52Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "15707b5931be15d1a23cc008181cc78e263cdead4e7627faf2fb8877c2bc4eb5"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Halal Food in Lanzhou: Beef Noodles, Hui Muslim Snacks and Local Restaurants
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Lanzhou halal food map highlights beef noodles, Hui Muslim snacks, restaurants, and local food routes in Lanzhou, keeping dish names and practical details from the original guide.
+
+**1. Mazilu Beef Noodles**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dzyhrh.jpg)
+
+Lanzhou beef noodles taste and feel very different from ramen shops across the country. This might be due to the local environment. Even with the same ingredients and the same people, noodles made in Lanzhou taste different than those made elsewhere. It is not easy to pick the most popular beef noodle shop in Lanzhou, as everyone has their own favorite brand. However, in terms of tradition, the century-old Mazilu Beef Noodles is very representative. Their noodles are special because of the chili oil, which is seasoned and processed to be fragrant rather than spicy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jmdm5a.jpg)
+
+Lanzhou beef noodles focus on five elements: clear soup, white radish, red chili, green scallions, and yellow noodles. Locals have a way of eating called "meat and egg double fly" (roudan shuangfei), where you order an extra portion of beef and an egg to soak in the bowl, making it even more delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ndmx6q.jpg)
+
+This is the "meat and egg double fly" at Youde Beef Noodles. It is best to eat beef noodles between 7 and 8 in the morning because that is when the first batch of soup is ready. After 9 o'clock, you might miss out on that first-batch flavor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/760ehh.jpg)
+
+This is Mogouyan Beef Noodles, a long-established shop. Their beef is excellent.
+
+Mazilu Beef Noodles address: No. 86 Dazhong Lane, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province (chain store).
+
+Mogouyan Beef Noodles address: No. 46 Mogouyan, Xijin East Road (near Nanbinhe).
+
+Youde Beef Noodles address: No. 27 Nanbinhe East Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province.
+
+**(Chain store)**
+
+**2. Mingdegong**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t9jkp8.jpg)
+
+If you think all beef noodle shops in Lanzhou are small roadside stalls, you are wrong. Mingdegong offers a luxury beef noodle set for 888 yuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vfslr1.jpg)
+
+Mingdegong has two floors. The first floor is a traditional public restaurant, and the second floor offers more refined set meals.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5mo80k.jpg)
+
+Here, a large bowl of noodles can be served in two smaller bowls. You can choose the noodle shape, such as hair-thin (maoxi), thin (xi), second-thin (erxi), or leek-leaf (jiuye). The waiter waits for you to finish the first bowl before telling the kitchen to prepare the second, ensuring the quality of the meal.
+
+Address: No. 328 Jiuquan Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou.
+
+**3. Huayu Kaiguo Lamb**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ftbtry.jpg)
+
+The first meal I had when I came to Lanzhou was Huayu Kaiguo Lamb.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g7xk3b.jpg)
+
+The soup left a deep impression on me. I usually don't drink hot pot soup, but this shop's soup is truly delicious. You can chew the lamb brisket with the bone.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k7l8j1.jpg)
+
+You can try the moss-filled steamed buns (dida xian baozi), made from a locally grown moss.
+
+Address: No. 39 Nongmin Lane (intersection of Yizhichuan North Street and Nongmin Lane).
+
+**4. Kelan Hot Pot**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9mc8kc.jpg)
+
+This shop is known for its spotted fish hot pot.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/28vp1c.jpg)
+
+You can choose a split pot (yuanyang guo), with seafood porridge as the base on the left and a mildly spicy base on the right. The fish is served in small plates, and one person can eat over a dozen plates.
+
+Address: 50 meters diagonally opposite the People's Theater on Jiuquan Road (near Zhongshanlin 102 bus station).
+
+**5. Ma Laoliu Halal Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c5t6v5.jpg)
+
+Ma Laoliu is quite famous locally, and their hand-grabbed lamb (shouzhua yangrou) is the signature dish.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8hkol6.jpg)
+
+When you are in the Northwest, you have to eat hand-grabbed lamb, and it is only authentic if you eat it with garlic.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wmybla.jpg)
+
+You can pair it with a serving of grey bean soup (huidouzi) and sweet fermented oat porridge (tianbeizi), both of which are famous Northwest snacks.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uprmbb.jpg)
+
+Ma Laoliu's hot pot lamb (kaiguo yangrou) is also popular, so you will have to wait in line if you arrive during meal times.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zf3f9v.jpg)
+
+For the hot pot, I recommend choosing the lamb that comes with bones.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q54s9t.jpg)
+
+Try the secret dipping sauce at Ma Laoliu; it looks red, but it is actually not spicy and very fragrant.
+
+Ma Laoliu Hand-grabbed Lamb address: No. 17 Tongwei Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou (near Zhangye Road Pedestrian Street).
+
+Ma Laoliu Hot Pot address: No. 9 Tongwei Road (south side of Tongwei Road Primary School).
+
+**6.**
+
+**777 Tasty Grilled Fish**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/87tf0n.jpg)
+
+I discovered that people in the Northwest have a special fondness for fish and seafood.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nf1evq.jpg)
+
+The menu is very simple. There is one set meal, and you do not even need to choose the side dishes yourself; you just tell them the weight of the fish and place your order, which is very convenient.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tq32hq.jpg)
+
+The decor is also quite unique.
+
+Address: Jinyan Lane, next to Wanda Plaza. In the same lane, there is also halal Korean fried chicken and seafood porridge.
+
+**7. Northern Shaanxi Iron Pot Lamb**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/smzczk.jpg)
+
+This is a delicacy I only got to taste because a friend in Lanzhou treated me.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6tpkhv.jpg)
+
+It has a strong Northern Shaanxi style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/utjiyw.jpg)
+
+The iron pot is brought to the table and then lit to heat up.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ebalxp.jpg)
+
+You can start eating after a short while.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vtydnw.jpg)
+
+Try the secret chicken feet; do not be afraid of the red color, as they are really not spicy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hb11k9.jpg)
+
+The yogurt with sweet fermented oat porridge is hard to find.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iqrf3j.jpg)
+
+They serve a soup made with eggplant, corn, and other ingredients that feels comfortable in your stomach and helps with digestion.
+
+Address: 300 meters west of the Guangchang Beikou bus stop in Chengguan District.
+
+**8. Haitian Ranch Hot Pot and Barbecue Buffet**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tp0p2r.jpg)
+
+**75 yuan per person.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vw22vv.jpg)
+
+There is a wide variety of fruits, snacks, and other dishes.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ebzh9n.jpg)
+
+They specialize in seafood that you can either boil in hot pot or grill, and it is a great value.
+
+Address: 6th floor of Xinda Department Store at the Yantan RT-Mart.
+
+**9. Tasimi Halal Food Court**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x5pn8o.jpg)
+
+You can tell from the name that it serves halal snacks.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/onfqlo.jpg)
+
+It has all kinds of snacks and is a good place to eat alone.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/miajp7.jpg)
+
+They also have fried chicken.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4bxxpp.jpg)
+
+There are many different brands, and the environment is quite nice.
+
+Address: No. 235 Zhangye Road (Tasimi Food Court, Stall 9, Basement Level 1, Block A, Minji Xincheng).
+
+**10. Aijia Dapaidang**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oplu00.jpg)
+
+When I heard the name, I thought it was a casual street food stall (dapaidang), but when I arrived, I realized it was a high-end restaurant (dapaidang).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/17rjrs.jpg)
+
+The setting is very upscale, and it has the same owner as Mingde Palace.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qyaxsc.jpg)
+
+There is a rich variety of dishes to choose from, like an upgraded version of a street food stall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m1aero.jpg)
+
+**Tea tree mushroom hot pot (guozai chashugu).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bggfvv.jpg)
+
+Iron skewer barbecue, the meat is fresh and tender.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/30l2ar.jpg)
+
+**Vegetable-filled potstickers (su xian guotie).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l0uqng.jpg)
+
+The frozen pear soup (dongli tang) is their signature dish and worth a try.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2mwxds.jpg)
+
+**Cheese shrimp.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/73etea.jpg)
+
+Grilled oysters, the price is very affordable.
+
+Address: No. 173 Qingyang Road, Chengguan District.
+
+**11. Ding Hot Pot**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v7w2qd.jpg)
+
+Ding Hot Pot, owned by the Yilan Group, is one of the few 24-hour hot pot restaurants in Lanzhou. It is still packed with people at midnight.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ybqnlr.jpg)
+
+I ordered the split-pot (yuanyang guo) as usual so I could try both sides.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o9tou4.jpg)
+
+I highly recommend the hand-cut fresh lamb.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/omuugz.jpg)
+
+You have to get used to the dipping sauce made of sesame oil and minced garlic here, as that is how they eat Sichuan-style food.
+
+Address: 4th Floor, Kangqiao International Shopping Center, No. 3 Anning West Road, Anning District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province.
+
+**12. Yilan Zige**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0joerl.jpg)
+
+The brands under the Yilan Group are quite famous, and this restaurant is a place for stir-fried dishes.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ywdpkb.jpg)
+
+In Lanzhou, you should drink tea with a three-piece covered cup (sanpaotai).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hx3y8q.jpg)
+
+The boiled fish is a little bit spicy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vxkuh6.jpg)
+
+**Stir-fried okra with peppercorns (qiangchao qiukui).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l8wpwt.jpg)
+
+There are also delicate pastries with fruit fillings.
+
+Address: Next to Tongwei Road Primary School.
+
+**13. Siji Yuge**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6npia1.jpg)
+
+This is a very popular place for braised hot pot (munguo).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q8bgys.jpg)
+
+After you pick your ingredients, it starts like this, then you put the lid on to let it braise.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z66blc.jpg)
+
+It looks like this once it is finished, and the aroma is amazing.
+
+Address:
+
+500 meters west of the Shuangchengmen intersection in Lanzhou.
+
+**14. Shujiuxiang**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n7kfr8.jpg)
+
+This is a very famous Sichuan hot pot restaurant, and you can eat a halal version here in Lanzhou.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vph2sy.jpg)
+
+How could Sichuan-style hot pot not be spicy?
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kx9nle.jpg)
+
+The beef is marinated in seasonings, so it is very flavorful.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2p7zpt.jpg)
+
+The authentic dipping sauce for Sichuan hot pot is sesame oil and minced garlic.
+
+Address: No. 868 Nongmin Lane, Chengguan District, Lanzhou (east side of the Northwest Hotel).
+
+**15. Xiwu Teahouse**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hnpep9.jpg)
+
+You can drink tea and order meals here. The environment is nice and quiet. It is a good place to spend time if you are near the train station.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iiz77k.jpg)
+
+Drinking three-cannon tea (sanpaotai) is the authentic way to go. Lanzhou is famous for its lilies and roses, so if you like rose tea, you are in luck.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8vgpab.jpg)
+
+**Sour soup beef (suantang feiniu)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ih0ckr.jpg)
+
+Make sure to try the peppercorn chicken (jiaomaji) at least once.
+
+Address: 6th Floor, Huisheng, 242 Yongchang Middle Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou
+
+**16. Zhengning Road Night Market**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/22nym8.jpg)
+
+You can find all the Lanzhou snacks you want to eat here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l8266i.jpg)
+
+You have to wait in a long line to get the milk, egg, and fermented rice soup (niunai jidan liaozao).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tliy4e.jpg)
+
+The crowd is packed three layers deep inside and out.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c9sx00.jpg)
+
+They also sell baked buns (kao baozi), but these iron-griddle baked buns are not as good as the ones baked in a coal oven.
+
+There is a very famous sweet fermented oat milk tea shop in Lanzhou called "Fangxia." Locals call it "Fangha," but since the "Fangha" trademark was registered by someone else, the milk tea is now called "Fangxia." Lanzhou people say that if you do not drink Fangxia milk tea, you have not really been to Lanzhou. They sell it at the night market, so if you are interested, go give it a try.
diff --git a/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Northeast_China__Changchun__Harbin_and_Shenyang_Muslim_Food_M.md b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Northeast_China__Changchun__Harbin_and_Shenyang_Muslim_Food_M.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d2327f170a18c8329c63af97c908ff1239d45af8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Northeast_China__Changchun__Harbin_and_Shenyang_Muslim_Food_M.md
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+---
+title: "Best Halal Food in Northeast China: Changchun, Harbin and Shenyang Muslim Food Map"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2692"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2692"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:12Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "4a4bcc015dc5669d82e1face514974bb116646dcdf0e4fd6d8fa281d044995e2"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Halal Food in Northeast China: Changchun, Harbin and Shenyang Muslim Food Map
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Northeast China halal food map covers Changchun, Harbin, and Shenyang, with Hui Muslim restaurants, local dishes, mosque-area food notes, and photos preserved from the source.
+
+**1. Around Changtong Road Mosque**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/his5jy.jpg)
+
+I apologize to everyone, but I spent a day in Changchun and ate with the imam at the mosque, so I have no photos.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u85cy9.jpg)
+
+I only kept this photo of a frozen pear (dongli). Eating frozen pears is perfect when visiting Northeast China in the middle of winter. I did not want to let you down, so I should mention that halal restaurants in Changchun are mainly concentrated on the street opposite the Changtong Road Mosque. I visited during the Chinese New Year, so many restaurants were closed. It is a custom in the Northeast to wait until after the fifth day of the Lunar New Year for shops to reopen. However, I did see a few larger restaurants nearby, such as Aswan Grand Hotel, Diluzi Charcoal BBQ, Majia Stir-fry and Stew, Huiwei Hand-pulled Noodles, and Heshunzhai Restaurant.
+
+Additionally, Changchun has a famous large state-owned halal meat factory called Haoyue. Everyone in the Northeast knows it, so you do not need to worry about finding food in Changchun.
+
+Address: Directly opposite Changchun Mosque, near Changtong Road.
+
+**2. Around Daowai Mosque in Harbin**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kg4y7q.jpg)
+
+In front of the Daowai Mosque is Mosque Street, which is filled with local halal food shops.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/balxr3.jpg)
+
+Unfortunately, many shops were closed during the Chinese New Year.
+
+**3. Hengshun Steamed Dumpling House (shaomai guan)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/01zy6n.jpg)
+
+Address: Nankan Street (next to Harbin Teaching Instrument Factory)
+
+**4. Baodu Wang (Tripe King)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dyfgb5.jpg)
+
+Address: No. 275 Jianguo Street, Daoli District, Harbin
+
+**5. Jilaishun**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i9dr97.jpg)
+
+Address: 1st Floor, No. 30 Songshu Street
+
+**6. Xiangheyuan Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/afpdrt.jpg)
+
+Address: No. 172 Tongda Street, Daoli District, Harbin
+
+**7. Liushunyuan**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/om530g.jpg)
+
+I finally found a restaurant open during the Chinese New Year in Harbin. It is the largest halal restaurant in the city, and I have the local friends (dosti) in Harbin to thank for their warm hospitality.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ek1ua4.jpg)
+
+The rule here is to order by looking at the food samples. This is actually better because the prices and ingredients are clear at a glance. There is a wide variety of river fish and mountain produce. The Northeast is truly rich in resources.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xjfi54.jpg)
+
+The first main dish arrived: a large steamer of steamed dumplings (shaomai). These are a popular snack in the North. There is a tradition of eating them in Inner Mongolia and Tianjin, and they are just as popular in the Northeast.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/25yigy.jpg)
+
+This is the halal version of double-cooked pork (guobaorou), made with beef. This dish is a classic Harbin specialty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s115qt.jpg)
+
+Northeast-style stir-fried shiitake mushrooms. This region is famous for all kinds of edible fungi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f8k25t.jpg)
+
+The signature roasted lamb chops at Liushunyuan were snatched up just minutes after they were served. The flavor of lamb in the Northeast is just as good as in the Northwest.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gvw204.jpg)
+
+These river shrimp are huge and taste refreshing. Overall, the food at Liushunyuan is high quality. It is very popular in Harbin and has opened several branches. During the Chinese New Year, it is packed with local people having their reunion dinners.
+
+Address: No. 8 Gongcheng Street, Daoli District, Harbin (Youyi Road Branch)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xy5mdi.jpg)
+
+I have mentioned before that eating at a restaurant is never as cozy as eating in someone's home. A friend (dost) in Harbin invited me over to try authentic Northeast Chinese cuisine. The table was full of hearty dishes, including beef sausage from the Changchun Haoyue brand. People in the Northeast are tall and sturdy, and the portions are huge. You can eat as much as you want, yet the food on the table still looks untouched.
+
+**8. Shenyang Halal Food Street**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mayiui.jpg)
+
+The Halal Food Street in Shenyang is located in the Shenhe District. The halal restaurants here mainly serve Northeast Chinese specialties.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9hlh1l.jpg)
+
+The teahouses at the entrance of the food street are all halal.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rynce5.jpg)
+
+I arrived in Shenyang after the fifth day of the Lunar New Year, so many halal restaurants were already open for business.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n9hy3u.jpg)
+
+I noticed that people in the Northeast love food with fillings, especially dumplings and stuffed pancakes (xianbing).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rh5rzn.jpg)
+
+After looking around for a long time, I finally decided to eat at this place, Xiguan Huitou Restaurant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hd1lyb.jpg)
+
+Stewed beef tendon (dun jintou) is a Shenyang specialty. It is made with beef tendon and has a perfect balance of salty and savory flavors.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a869ui.jpg)
+
+This is the signature dish called 'Huitou' that the owner highly recommended. People say only two shops in Shenyang sell it. I ordered one jin (500 grams), half meat and half vegetable. It is stuffed inside and cooked like a potsticker (guotie), and the texture is similar, but potstickers have exposed ends, while Huitou looks like an elongated stuffed pancake.
+
+Address: No. 69 Qingzhen Road, Halal Food Street, Shenhe District, Shenyang (near Fengtian Street)
+
+**9. Yisimei Halal Hot Pot**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ukjwlm.jpg)
+
+Outside, the snow is falling heavily and the temperature is below minus ten degrees. Sitting inside eating a steaming hot pot is one of the great joys of winter in the North. Yisimei is a local Shenyang halal hot pot brand with several chain stores in the city.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pddigg.jpg)
+
+It is rare to find such a unique halal hot pot restaurant in Shenyang, and they make their own dipping sauces.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g0vjsm.jpg)
+
+Don't worry, this isn't alcohol; it's fruit vinegar.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lbcnhq.jpg)
+
+Fresh greenhouse vegetables.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eg92c7.jpg)
+
+The copper pot is here. It is a split-pot (yuanyang guo) style, and they added mushrooms, a specialty of the Northeast, into the broth.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xl7la8.jpg)
+
+**Shrimp paste (xia hua).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hzsr2p.jpg)
+
+Lamb rolls. The restaurant offers unlimited free fruit and snacks, so you can take as much as you like.
+
+Address: No. 35 Chaoyang Street, Shenyang Zhongjie Branch (30 meters north of Rose Hotel, west gate of the Commercial City)
+
+That concludes my exploration of halal food in the three provincial capitals of the Northeast. Although it was a bit of a pity that many restaurants were closed during the Spring Festival, I still recommend visiting this black soil region in winter to enjoy the snow and experience the local New Year atmosphere. The people in the Northeast are incredibly hospitable.
diff --git a/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Shandong__Jinan__Qingdao_and_Hui_Muslim_Local_Dishes.md b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Shandong__Jinan__Qingdao_and_Hui_Muslim_Local_Dishes.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b78d781c6fba74a0fb7e86bd57bfba4971cae94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Shandong__Jinan__Qingdao_and_Hui_Muslim_Local_Dishes.md
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+---
+title: "Best Halal Food in Shandong: Jinan, Qingdao and Hui Muslim Local Dishes"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2696"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2696"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:52Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "7aebb78b5a8c7060d4260c326ea1d7830dc3ee88cfb09a32e834d9c939cd3ab3"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Halal Food in Shandong: Jinan, Qingdao and Hui Muslim Local Dishes
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Shandong halal food map follows Jinan, Qingdao, Hui Muslim restaurants, Lu cuisine, seafood, local snacks, and practical food stops kept from the original guide.
+
+Lu cuisine is the first of China's eight major culinary traditions. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, many Shandong chefs moved to the capital. Their cooking won favor with the royal family, making Lu cuisine a staple of palace banquets and deeply influencing the flavor of Beijing cuisine. Halal food, an important part of Beijing cuisine, essentially originated from Lu cuisine. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Shandong produced many masters of Islamic studies, and the local religious community was far more prosperous than it is today.
+
+**Jinan**
+
+There are five mosques in the urban area of Jinan Prefecture. Halal restaurants are mainly concentrated in the alleys between the South Mosque (Nandasi) and the North Mosque (Beidasi). These two historic mosques are only a few hundred meters apart, and the streets are lined with small eateries.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wv62rk.jpg)
+
+Qingzhenlou is the largest halal restaurant in Jinan. It is the top choice for Hui Muslims in Jinan when they have business to attend to.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cv1mi7.jpg)
+
+Qingzhenlou specializes in classic Lu cuisine. If you look closely at the menu, you will find it is no different from a Beijing-style halal restaurant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/szakz6.jpg)
+
+When eating in Shandong, be careful not to waste food because the portions in Shandong restaurants are quite large. For an average appetite, one or two dishes are enough.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8e1ntb.jpg)
+
+Jinan has a Hui Muslim village called Xiaojinzhuang, where most residents are Hui Muslims. There are a few scattered halal restaurants in and around the village. The specialties of halal restaurants in Jinan are large bone marrow (dalianggu) and barbecue. When Jinan locals want barbecue, they choose the Hui Muslim street barbecue first.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r4vyh4.jpg)
+
+Yixiangzhai, a halal pastry shop in Xiaojinzhuang, has a wide variety of items at affordable prices.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ajg17u.jpg)
+
+These pastries have a moderate flavor and are not too sweet. The owner is very kind; she even refused to sell me pastries that were not fresh.
+
+**Yiqingyuan Rotating Mini Hot Pot**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/si9mjk.jpg)
+
+Address: No. 67 Puli Street
+
+**Libaisi Street**
+
+This is a residential area for Hui Muslims in Jinan. The street is made up of many small halal eateries, mostly barbecue shops, but also Kaifeng lamb soup shops, Anhui flat noodle shops, braised chicken with rice (huangmenji mifan), and Qingzhou pastries.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u3ysfc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l8gpr1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nsykt2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gdmmwg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pfjvzj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2rxyy9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b5rdh8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/78hdpo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gpo4j2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5w74a1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7cyqbu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p4ivz8.jpg)
+
+Braised chicken with rice is one of the local specialties of Jinan, and you can find a halal version on Libaisi Street.
+
+**Laobaiji Lamb Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w4w013.jpg)
+
+Address: No. 30-3 Luo'an Road, east side of Luoxin Hardware
+
+**Wuyang Charcoal Grilled Lamb Leg and Traditional Old Beijing Hot Pot**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0od1qs.jpg)
+
+Address: No. 60-2 Weiyi Road, Shizhong District, Jinan
+
+**Shouguang**
+
+**Big Xinjiang Barbecue King**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6sdon5.jpg)
+
+This shop is likely the most distinctive halal restaurant in Shouguang. It has been in business for over a decade. There are no mosques in Shouguang, and the halal restaurants there are mostly noodle shops.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zkg8nh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/all65l.jpg)
+
+Address: No. 388 Guangming Road, Shengcheng Subdistrict
+
+**Qingzhou Ancient City**
+
+Qingzhou Ancient City is basically a halal food hub, with all kinds of halal snack shops scattered throughout the city.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eocdzy.jpg)
+
+You must try the local barbecue in Qingzhou. A bundle of 20 small skewers costs 30 yuan. They come with a small charcoal stove for every table, which keeps the meat warm even in cold weather.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o5vuyc.jpg)
+
+Qingzhou also has many unique sesame flatbreads (shaobing) that are hard to find once you leave.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wo8u5h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ltbc0h.jpg)
+
+These thin and crispy sesame flatbreads (shaobing) cost 12 yuan for 500 grams.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gusv2o.jpg)
+
+**Old Locust Tree Pan-fried Buns (laohuaishu jianbao)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k059cj.jpg)
+
+Pan-fried buns (jianbao) are a snack common to both Shandong and Henan, often eaten for breakfast. This shop inside the ancient city has lines forming early in the morning.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bng539.jpg)
+
+The prices are affordable, with one pan-fried bun (jianbao) costing 0.7 yuan and a bowl of tofu pudding (doufunao) costing 2 yuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2kxisj.jpg)
+
+The tofu pudding (doufunao) here is served with soup, unlike the version in Beijing which is served with a thick savory sauce.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/trdrl9.jpg)
+
+For breakfast, one person can get full on four pan-fried buns (jianbao) and a bowl of tofu pudding (doufunao) for less than five yuan total.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gp8i9r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sxi4xc.jpg)
+
+Hui Muslim pastries are a major local specialty. Honey-glazed fried dough (misandao), walnut cookies (taosubing), and sugar-coated fried dough (tang'erduo) are all delicious. Shandong Hui Muslims have also brought these halal pastries to Beijing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tnieru.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fjhn5j.jpg)
+
+Existing records suggest that boiled dumplings (shuijiao) likely originated in Shandong. The province is full of dumpling shops, and it is easy to find halal boiled dumpling (shuijiao) shops inside Qingzhou Ancient City.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2r4zph.jpg)
+
+These are handmade boiled dumplings (shuijiao) made to order.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hd1caf.jpg)
+
+A plate of beef boiled dumplings (shuijiao) features delicate shapes, thick fillings, and thin skins.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/58u0q6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hpwdnv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9aj5v9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/khy6vj.jpg)
+
+Qingzhou's large pancakes (jianbing) are served with Shouguang green onions. Shandong onions are not spicy and are very juicy, so you can eat them like fruit.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7vp6h2.jpg)
+
+Address: All the restaurants mentioned above are located inside the ancient city.
+
+**Gong Ban-zhang Fish Hot Pot (Gongbanzhang yuguo)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ryhbg.jpg)
+
+Just outside the ancient city, there is a fish hot pot restaurant nearby that offers grass carp or snakehead fish.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9twlf.jpg)
+
+Address: Near No. 2178 Tuoshan Middle Road, Qingzhou City.
+
+**Weifang**
+
+A local specialty in Weifang is the open-air pot (chaotianguo), a soup pot served with rolled pancakes. The soup is made by boiling pork. Weifang does not have halal open-air pots (chaotianguo), and the local Hui Muslim population is small. There is only one mosque, and in a community not far from the mosque, there is a Ma Family Beef Sauce (Ma Jia Jiang Niurou) restaurant run by local Hui Muslims.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yvhg1m.jpg)
+
+The owner is quite polite. I arrived late and the fire was already out, but when he learned I was a Muslim, he turned the stove back on. I ordered a bowl of beef soup, which was very tasty, and the owner gave me a sesame flatbread (shaobing), a type of bread very similar to Xi'an pita bread (paomo).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p3wo00.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iththt.jpg)
+
+Address: 50 meters east of Furunde Building, north of the intersection of Heping Road and Fushou Street, Weicheng District (east side of Furunde Building).
+
+**Tai'an**
+
+Tai'an is the city where Mount Tai is located. Tai'an has a Hui Muslim street where the West Mosque is located. The largest halal restaurant on this street is Zhongyishun Restaurant, and there is also Ahmed Halal Burgers.
+
+There is a Confucius Temple on Mount Tai. One branch of Confucius's descendants converted to Islam and eventually became the Hui Muslims of today. Influenced by the ethnic integration policies of the Ming Dynasty, Confucius gained Hui Muslim descendants starting in Yongjing, who are commonly known as Kong Huihui.
+
+**Zhongyishun Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/334ejr.jpg)
+
+Try the stir-fried chicken (chaoji), a classic Shandong home-style dish that comes in a large portion with plenty of flavor.
+
+Address: No. 90 Daizong Street, Taishan District, Tai'an
diff --git a/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Tianjin_Part_2__Hui_Muslim_Restaurants__Local_Snacks_and_Seaf.md b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Tianjin_Part_2__Hui_Muslim_Restaurants__Local_Snacks_and_Seaf.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf69f58ae5b60be728764e99afa330ea1739980b
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+++ b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Tianjin_Part_2__Hui_Muslim_Restaurants__Local_Snacks_and_Seaf.md
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+---
+title: "Best Halal Food in Tianjin Part 2: Hui Muslim Restaurants, Local Snacks and Seafood"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2697"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2697"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:07Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "f17ef6b3d4f44572288fe13fd14807fda43dd1699c08353f932edbec5a33ae38"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Halal Food in Tianjin Part 2: Hui Muslim Restaurants, Local Snacks and Seafood
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This second Tianjin halal food map adds more Hui Muslim restaurants, local snacks, seafood, and practical dining notes, continuing the original Tianjin halal food guide.
+
+Following my previous map of halal food in Tianjin, here are a few more unique halal restaurants.
+
+**Heitaojiu Halal Japanese Cuisine.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ljh0zl.jpg)
+
+Tianjin had halal Japanese restaurants before Beijing, and there is more than one.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l2kywj.jpg)
+
+Heitaojiu is a fairly famous Japanese restaurant in Tianjin.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/em98h4.jpg)
+
+The decor is Japanese style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ow6nmo.jpg)
+
+Japanese marble soda (bobo qishui).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iagcn9.jpg)
+
+This is live octopus. When it is served, the tentacles are still moving. The suction cups stick to the soy sauce dish so hard you can barely pull them off. When you put it in your mouth, it sticks to your tongue, which feels very strange.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y4c8n2.jpg)
+
+**Udon noodles.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bosk36.jpg)
+
+**Arctic surf clam (beijibei) sashimi.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z9fyhu.jpg)
+
+The image above shows the address. This place is a great value, costing about 100 yuan per person, which is very cheap for Japanese food.
+
+**Hongyuxiang Restaurant.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mzt4i1.jpg)
+
+This is a long-standing shop well-known among locals in Tianjin, commonly called the Yellow Facade (huangmenlian).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1cteaw.jpg)
+
+They sell pan-fried meat pies (huitou). I have only eaten these in Shenyang; they are a snack with filling similar to potstickers.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/okcszk.jpg)
+
+Pan-fried steamed dumplings (shaomai). There are two ways to eat shaomai: steamed or pan-fried.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s7cwx4.jpg)
+
+The shop is small but very popular and has high ratings online.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tvvwse.jpg)
+
+The owners are a couple who perform namaz and fast, and the shop's decor reflects their faith.
+
+Address: No. 30 Xiangyang Road, Heping District, Tianjin (at the Liuzhou Road intersection).
+
+**1618 Halal Mansion.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2qi6zf.jpg)
+
+1618 Halal Mansion is arguably the best halal restaurant in Tianjin. The building was originally the home of Wu Taixun, the son of Fengtian clique warlord Wu Junsheng. Wu Taixun was a sworn brother of Zhang Xueliang.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ndl4zq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/20uff3.jpg)
+
+The atmosphere is excellent.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ean99c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4bti5x.jpg)
+
+Roast duck is also a Tianjin dish. This is half a duck.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/90xa06.jpg)
+
+Stir-fried trio (laobao san) is a famous Tianjin dish made with lamb heart, lamb liver, and lamb kidney.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z7e9rg.jpg)
+
+Tianjin is a great place to eat seafood.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/356gx4.jpg)
+
+Papaya yogurt.
+
+Address: 16-18 Machang Road, Heping District, Tianjin (near Munan Road)
+
+**Yuquan Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yvfbxo.jpg)
+
+A Tianjin-style restaurant that has been open for many years.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iaah8s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/odgdr3.jpg)
+
+Braised beef tongue and tail.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gefuqx.jpg)
+
+Vegetarian steamed dumplings (shaomai).
+
+Address: 5 Yuquan Road
+
+**Renyi Min Halal Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g49zyp.jpg)
+
+A long-standing restaurant for Hui Muslims that serves all kinds of dishes.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a0x18v.jpg)
+
+They also have snacks for takeout.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jhv2oi.jpg)
+
+The sign outside the shop is written very well.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4bhvxj.jpg)
+
+Silver thread rolls (yinsijuan), a type of wheat-based food.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s37pne.jpg)
+
+**Cashews with shrimp, squid, and diced chicken.**
+
+Address: Liaoning Road, Heping District, Tianjin
+
+**Eryanyuan Halal Cuisine**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jjsqnm.jpg)
+
+Eryanyuan is a famous restaurant in Tianjin with a long history. Their fried rice cakes (zhagao) are one of the three famous snacks in Tianjin, along with Eighteen Street fried dough twists (mahua) and Goubuli steamed buns (baozi).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iuhvvv.jpg)
+
+Eryanyuan started out by selling fried rice cakes, but it has now grown into a chain brand and launched high-end dining clubs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wnubnr.jpg)
+
+These are the complimentary snacks and desserts from the restaurant, which are beautifully made.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zww41u.jpg)
+
+**A serving of roasted chicken.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/djg9d3.jpg)
+
+Stir-fried trio (baosanyang).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1u2o47.jpg)
+
+Oily flour tea (youmiancha), which tastes similar to the version in Beijing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t1yati.jpg)
+
+Signature Eryanyuan fried rice cakes with red bean paste filling.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rq6zsp.jpg)
+
+Address: 2nd Floor, Friendship Hotel, 94 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin (Friendship Hotel Branch)
+
+To see the previous post on Tianjin halal food, please click: Tianjin Halal Food Map (Part 1)
diff --git a/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Tianjin__Hui_Muslim_Snacks__Seafood_and_Local_Restaurants.md b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Tianjin__Hui_Muslim_Snacks__Seafood_and_Local_Restaurants.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab942261daffc2143dffcc64cb7be3a0f6447032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Tianjin__Hui_Muslim_Snacks__Seafood_and_Local_Restaurants.md
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+---
+title: "Best Halal Food in Tianjin: Hui Muslim Snacks, Seafood and Local Restaurants"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2678"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2678"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:52Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "a237628a5b89fcf640ab0dff1338b7023329540ab0d85107208d9bef4d6838d4"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Halal Food in Tianjin: Hui Muslim Snacks, Seafood and Local Restaurants
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Tianjin halal food map gathers Hui Muslim snacks, seafood, beef dishes, local restaurants, and food stops across the city, keeping the names, locations, dishes, and photos from the Chinese source.
+
+Last time we looked at halal food in Beijing. This time we are going a bit further to Tianjin to see what is good to eat. Tianjin is not far at all. It takes half an hour from the South Railway Station, about the same time as taking the subway from Niujie to Guomao.
+
+**8275 Temptation New-Style Cuisine**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eccehu.jpg)
+
+My first stop in Tianjin was a halal restaurant featuring new-style cuisine. New-style means they take traditional dishes and innovate them. Even the names of the dishes are unique, giving someone like me who is used to traditional halal food a fresh experience.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w3v26u.jpg)
+
+There is a plaque on the wall with the Shahada written in Arabic, so I knew it was a halal restaurant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z9vkxp.jpg)
+
+The style is clearly not the traditional West Asian or Middle Eastern look of most halal restaurants. It feels more like a trendy cafe.
+
+Let's look at the food:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3fgfx6.jpg)
+
+The yogurt comes in a lightbulb. It is thick and tastes quite good. Next to it is a Japanese soda with a light flavor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mxdcpu.jpg)
+
+This is not ice cream. It is a salmon salad served in an egg roll cone. It tastes delicious and the cone is crispy. I admire the chef's creativity.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/83k5xc.jpg)
+
+This is stir-fried duck slices in bean sauce, but the menu calls it Childhood Taste Stir-fried Duck. Maybe the highlight is the sour plum powder on top. It is different from my childhood memories, as this duck is very sweet. My childhood memory of duck is roast duck, but that is understandable since I am not from Tianjin.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dwg59r.jpg)
+
+I don't remember the name of this scallop dish, but you can't go wrong eating seafood in Tianjin.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hbunz0.jpg)
+
+This big pot of seafood is called Seafood Castle. It is named a castle to show that the dish is big and has everything. Under the crabs are large shrimp, and there are also small squid, fish tofu, and other sides. It costs 138 yuan, and two people will be full after one plate.
+
+8275 Temptation New-Style Cuisine address: 05-06, 1st Floor, North Building, Nanshi Hotel Street (next to Yangguofu Malatang).
+
+**Dashunzhai Liu Family Sesame Flatbread (shaobing)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qv8pvz.jpg)
+
+This is a very famous and authentic Tianjin lamb soup shop. The storefront is small, but people line up every morning to drink the lamb soup.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8352r0.jpg)
+
+A bowl of lamb soup with sesame paste and chili oil makes my mouth water before I even take a sip.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m659py.jpg)
+
+Sesame flatbread with cooked meat is their signature. I can easily eat two in one sitting. The beef is stewed until very tender and does not get stuck in your teeth. It sells out every day, and you must eat the flatbread fresh out of the oven.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yz7h5x.jpg)
+
+The owner's family are authentic Hui Muslims from Tianjin. The shop is smoke-free and alcohol-free, the ladies wear headscarves, and they close every Friday for Jumu'ah. I like that.
+
+Dashunzhai Liu Family Sesame Flatbread address: 5 Binguan Road (near Tonglou Hotel).
+
+**Halal Yuan Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tbk77e.jpg)
+
+A traditional halal restaurant with Tianjin flavors.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yfajsc.jpg)
+
+The environment has been newly renovated and is very spacious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xzd9ss.jpg)
+
+The tableware is quite pretty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u27b0y.jpg)
+
+Steamed dumplings (shaomai) are not necessarily a Tianjin specialty, but the ones in Tianjin are truly delicious. I ordered the beef and green onion filling, and four were not enough for me.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mfq6yp.jpg)
+
+Stir-fried gluten with shrimp is an appetizing dish that helps with digestion.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/emn1mx.jpg)
+
+I like sole fish soup (longli yu tang) and other saltwater fish because they have few bones and are nutritious. However, Tianjin cuisine is noticeably salty. For a healthier diet, I think it is better to use less salt.
+
+Location: Block B, 3rd Floor, Xinpeng Joy City, Hongqiao District.
+
+**Halal seafood food stall.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aak0bo.jpg)
+
+This is a very popular seafood food stall. Even though it is in an out-of-the-way location, it is always full of customers.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8l49y3.jpg)
+
+The red and green colors look bright and appetizing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ge2gm1.jpg)
+
+Everything is fresh, and because so many people eat here, the stock turns over quickly.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qi1wnq.jpg)
+
+A platter of edamame and peanuts (maohua pin) is a must-have appetizer at any food stall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5g0xci.jpg)
+
+Boiled octopus (baizhuo bazhua) has a fresh and tender texture.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6lcp2m.jpg)
+
+Smashed cucumber (pai huanggua) is my go-to dish.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tv9wrg.jpg)
+
+Boiled sea snails (baizhuo hualuo) are best prepared this way to bring out their natural flavor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/np1h9e.jpg)
+
+A food stall wouldn't be complete without barbecue, and their lamb skewers (yangrou chuan) are very flavorful.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6mljb1.jpg)
+
+Spicy crab (xiangla xie) is a great way to satisfy a craving.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/trsnnb.jpg)
+
+It is not easy to find halal crayfish (xiaolongxia), but many places in Tianjin sell them.
+
+Halal seafood food stall address: Near the intersection of Jieyuan West Road and Lintong Road.
+
+**Hongqishun flagship store.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uan6qx.jpg)
+
+Hongqishun is a famous, long-standing brand in Tianjin with many branches.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e5n5qp.jpg)
+
+This is the flagship store.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nay4cl.jpg)
+
+Check the menu on the wall to order; they mainly serve local Tianjin dishes.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ix21ur.jpg)
+
+They had a promotion on roast duck, and I was curious about the taste of Tianjin-style roast duck, so I ordered one.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a4ycxh.jpg)
+
+The pancake wraps (juanbing) come in three colors, but they all taste about the same.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/woq5nt.jpg)
+
+The roast duck is decent; it is roasted with fruitwood, and the skin is crispy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ffo86s.jpg)
+
+As someone from the capital, roast duck isn't what I would recommend most. What really surprised me were the pastries from the Hongqishun takeout window. The egg tarts (dan ta) and egg yolk pastries (danhuang su) were so delicious they were out of this world. I bought some to take home, and it is no exaggeration to say I would take the intercity train just to buy a box of Hongqishun pastries.
+
+Hongqishun flagship store address: 120 Dazhigu Middle Road.
diff --git a/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Tibet__Lhasa_Muslim_Restaurants__Noodles_and_Local_Hui_Food.md b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Tibet__Lhasa_Muslim_Restaurants__Noodles_and_Local_Hui_Food.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b4c4419c1c9af11356ff234b36f1bcf374821ef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Tibet__Lhasa_Muslim_Restaurants__Noodles_and_Local_Hui_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+---
+title: "Best Halal Food in Tibet: Lhasa Muslim Restaurants, Noodles and Local Hui Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2682"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2682"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:08Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "41266b4ea0bd361353714127d625419e888b8c025afbc5ab888713b840618e63"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Halal Food in Tibet: Lhasa Muslim Restaurants, Noodles and Local Hui Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Tibet halal food map focuses on Lhasa and other Muslim-friendly food stops, including Hui Muslim restaurants, noodles, beef dishes, and practical travel notes from the source.
+
+**1. Yiberi Steamed Bun Shop**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/syic0f.jpg)
+
+I put this shop first because it is a halal restaurant run by local Tibetan Hui Muslims serving authentic Tibetan food. The number 786 represents halal in Tibet, which comes from the Arabic letter counting method of the Basmala. This shop is quite popular with locals. Almost everyone eating here is Tibetan, and it is usually full at meal times. However, they only serve food until about 2:00 PM, so there is no dinner service.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vjcz5b.jpg)
+
+This is the sweet tea (tiancha) that Tibetans drink often. It is sold by the pot for 8 yuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1wnf89.jpg)
+
+The customers are all nearby residents. They seem to know each other well and speak Tibetan together. An elderly woman ordered a rice and stir-fry set meal. Since rice is rare here, rice and stir-fry dishes are very popular in Tibet.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tpqhyu.jpg)
+
+These are Tibetan-style pan-fried buns (jianbao) with lamb filling. They taste pretty good dipped in chili sauce.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qr40u3.jpg)
+
+This is the legendary Tibetan noodles (zangmian). The texture is firmer than Lanzhou beef noodles, and they are served for breakfast.
+
+Address: No. 18, No. 36 Linkuo East Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa. (I found this shop thanks to a worker at Chen Pangzi Potato Shop. The worker is a local Tibetan Hui Muslim, and Yiberi Steamed Bun Shop is in the alley next to Chen Pangzi Potato Shop.)
+
+**2. Chen Pangzi Potato Shop**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/40x2rh.jpg)
+
+Although it has a Han Chinese name, this is also a halal snack shop run by local Tibetan Hui Muslims. They mainly sell fried potatoes and cold noodles. I chatted with a worker here who has a four-character name. He said his ancestors were Muslims from Kashmir, India, and have lived in Lhasa for several generations. You can find Yiberi Steamed Bun Shop in the alley next to this store.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ahf5wr.jpg)
+
+These fried potatoes are a local snack. They cost 5 yuan per serving and are mildly spicy.
+
+Address: Near Jiangsu Road, Chengguan District (opposite Manzhai Restaurant).
+
+**3. Taohua Tea House**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s1z7wq.jpg)
+
+This is a halal tea house run by local Tibetan Hui Muslims, but they only sell one kind of sweet tea that tastes a lot like milk tea.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sd2ody.jpg)
+
+This is the tea. You can drink one pot for the whole afternoon. This tea house also closes after the afternoon. The local lifestyle is to sit in a tea house, drink tea, chat, and enjoy the sun.
+
+Address: North of Jiangsu Road, Chengguan District, right next to Chen Pangzi Potato Shop.
+
+**4. Huaying Firecracker Noodle Bowl**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jqdtcb.jpg)
+
+Firecracker noodles (paozhuangmian) are a type of noodle invented by people from Qinghai that combines the methods of pulled noodles and stir-fried noodles.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1yn1f0.jpg)
+
+This is one of the few restaurants I have seen that offers free extra noodles.
+
+Address: Next to the riverside restaurant on Jiangsu Road, Chengguan District.
+
+**5. Yilong Hand-Grabbed Meat**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ebvvzz.jpg)
+
+I did not eat their hand-grabbed meat (shouzhuarou).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f57rrq.png)
+
+Instead, I had a bowl of riverside noodles (heyanmian), and they gave me plenty of lamb.
+
+Address: Opposite the archway of Lhasa Mosque Street.
+
+**6. Hao Zailai Snack Shop**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/atlw5i.png)
+
+This small shop specializes in hot-pot style vegetables (tangcai), which is similar to spicy hot pot (malatang) served in soup. After you pick your vegetables, the owner will ask if you want to add glass noodles (fensi).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/khnmiv.jpg)
+
+Address: In the alley behind the Lhasa Great Mosque.
+
+**7. Yipinxiang Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1poyod.jpg)
+
+This was the most satisfying meal I had after staying in Lhasa for four days. Maybe my appetite returned because my altitude sickness was getting better.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7fdqhu.jpg)
+
+The fragrant spicy chicken (xiangmaji) is delicious. You dip it in chili powder, but it does not taste spicy at all.
+
+Address: In the alley opposite the Lhasa Great Mosque.
+
+**8. Tibet Taicheng Tea Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g8md56.png)
+
+**It is not easy to find halal Cantonese food in Lhasa.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fzk2yo.jpg)
+
+The environment here is excellent, and you can see the Potala Palace from the window.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/md0ffq.jpg)
+
+The menu focuses on light Cantonese dishes, along with desserts and some Northwest Chinese food.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/epfeep.jpg)
+
+Address: Section 5, Building 8, Zhonghe Plaza, Taiyangdao First Road.
+
+**9. Linxia Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/12w0zd.png)
+
+Now moving to the Shigatse area, this place is called Linxia Restaurant, though it is actually a small eatery.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yr4pml.jpg)
+
+It is not easy to find stir-fried dishes in Shigatse because local supplies are limited.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d2qbq0.jpg)
+
+There is no rice, only flour-based foods like steamed flower rolls (huajuan).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z5aflu.jpg)
+
+I ordered a bowl of lamb soup (yangtang) to soak the flower rolls in. There are quite a few halal restaurants in Shigatse, but most are like this one with a limited menu. I am grateful just to be full.
+
+Address: No. 15 Xueqiang Road, near the Shigatse Mosque.
+
+Other parts of Tibet are the same; you can see hand-pulled noodle shops (lamian guan) everywhere, so I will not list them all.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4euejc.jpg)
+
+You can find these plateau noodle shops along the roads in many small towns, so you do not need to pack too much dry food when traveling in Tibet.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z60p0e.jpg)
+
+Because of the high altitude, water boils at a lower temperature, so these plateau noodles must be cooked in a steam pot. The taste is actually fine; just do not be too picky when you are traveling.
diff --git a/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Urumqi_During_Sha_ban__Hui_Muslim_Street__Beiliang_Mosque_and.md b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Urumqi_During_Sha_ban__Hui_Muslim_Street__Beiliang_Mosque_and.md
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+++ b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Urumqi_During_Sha_ban__Hui_Muslim_Street__Beiliang_Mosque_and.md
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+---
+title: "Best Halal Food in Urumqi During Sha'ban: Hui Muslim Street, Beiliang Mosque and Xinjiang Meals"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2647"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2647"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:44Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "13d3504793459b76206badb801cfd2af8a99b270b378b83b20877a6129510271"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Halal Food in Urumqi During Sha'ban: Hui Muslim Street, Beiliang Mosque and Xinjiang Meals
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Urumqi Sha'ban account begins on February 12, 2026, before Ramadan, and covers family meals, Jumu'ah at Shaanxi Grand Mosque, Beiliang Mosque history, and local Hui Muslim food. It keeps the source's dates, mosque history, dishes, religious gatherings, and photographs.
+
+I flew from Beijing to Urumqi for the Spring Festival holiday on February 12, 2026. With a few days left before Ramadan, I attended some religious gatherings (ermei) and sat for several meals. I am sharing my experiences here.
+
+**February 13.**
+
+I spent the morning at home reciting prayers (nianye). We had braised beef steak, clear-stewed lamb, and braised fish. The fried dough (youxiang) had been prepared the day before.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8usjfd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kn39rk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3aomia.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sn08l6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/787a5d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lt1tuk.jpg)
+
+At noon, I went to the Shaanxi Grand Mosque in Urumqi for Friday prayers (Jumu'ah). This was the last Friday prayer before Ramadan. It was very crowded, and the main hall was almost full.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8bw721.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e0bgpb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/giqbqb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/laf3gr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fdvse1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v23lv5.jpg)
+
+The restaurants behind the Shaanxi Grand Mosque are all delicious. I wrote about them in my previous article, '2025 Urumqi Hui Muslim Street Tour'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kvcd53.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b7xiwf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ur0ud.jpg)
+
+I only learned last year that the main hall of Urumqi's first mosque, Beiliang Mosque, still exists. It is now open to the public as the Wenchang Pavilion. After Friday prayers at the Shaanxi Grand Mosque, I took the subway one stop from South Gate to North Gate to visit it.
+
+After the Qing Dynasty built Dihua City in Urumqi in 1758, it promoted policies to station troops and settle immigrants for border defense. Since then, Hui Muslims from the northwest moved there to settle. In 1780, they built Beiliang Mosque on a small hill inside the North Gate of Dihua City, making it the first mosque in Urumqi.
+
+The first imam of Beiliang Mosque was an elder from the Weijiapu area, who belonged to the Salar people from Xunhua. When the elder from Weijiapu was young, he studied at the Jiezi Gongbei and the Grand Mosque in Xunhua. In 1763, he left to seek enlightenment during the Hehuang menhuan conflicts. He traveled through Linxia, Lanzhou, and Wuwei, eventually reaching Hami and Turpan to teach. In 1780, he was officially invited to Beiliang Mosque as its first imam.
+
+In the mid-18th century, Yihewan Gali, a disciple of the Indian Sufi leader Imam Rabbani, entered Aksu to teach the Khufiyya doctrine. Ma Fang, a Qing military officer stationed in Aksu, accepted his teachings. Later, Ma Fang resigned from his post to preach across Xinjiang. He took five students, one of whom was Ma Pei, who went to Urumqi to preach. The elder from Weijiapu became his student. The elder from Weijiapu taught at Beiliang Mosque for nearly 30 years. He taught religious knowledge to ordinary community members and guided Khufiyya followers in their spiritual practice. He balanced the relationships between different groups well and was respected by everyone.
+
+Beiliang Mosque existed for 94 years in total. Its last imam was Ma Zongfu. Ma Zongfu came from Datong, Qinghai. People called him the Datong Elder. When he was young, he taught at various mosques in Qinghai and practiced the Khufiyya path. Later, because he opposed the planting and selling of opium, he was persecuted by local wealthy landowners. In 1850, he led his family through great hardships to Xinjiang and settled at Beiliang Mosque. At that time, the mosque's religious leader, Qitaizhou, was the second-generation disciple of Ma Pei. Imam Ma Zongfu then became his student. In 1852, Ma Zongfu became the imam of Beiliang Mosque and oversaw its renovation in 1861.
+
+In 1876, Zuo Zongtang sent Liu Jintang to lead the Qing army west, where they defeated Yaqub Beg and recaptured Urumqi. After the Qing army entered the city, they occupied Beiliang Mosque. In 1884, Xinjiang Governor Liu Jintang renamed it Wenchang Pavilion. Beiliang Mosque was not used as the Wenchang Pavilion for very long. During the Republic of China era, it was occupied by Kuomintang communication troops. After 1949, it was taken over by the People's Liberation Army communication troops and used as a military factory for a long time. It was not returned to the cultural heritage department for management until 2002.
+
+In 2003, the cultural heritage department renovated the only remaining main hall of Beiliang Mosque. Citing 'site constraints and ease of public access,' they changed the traditional east-west orientation of the Hui Muslim hall to face south. Today, it is open as a place to introduce Taoist Wenchang culture.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7iqtgr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rynfc8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/smlk0q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/67t86d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ydvmfn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9us9yw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jhsggg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/95i3y3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6e5yos.jpg)
+
+Hidden in the storefronts of the Guangyuan residential complex on Zhujiang Road in Urumqi is Li Yingping's Meatball and Vermicelli Soup (wanzifen tang). The owner has been selling meatball soup in the neighborhood for over twenty years and only moved to the Guangyuan complex in the last two years. This area is far from the food streets, so mostly only locals know about it.
+
+Their signature dish is braised beef meatball noodle soup served with a steamed flower roll (huajuan). The beef is stewed until very flavorful and has a great texture, served with tofu, starch noodles, and wood ear mushrooms. I first thought their 'wonton dumplings' were two separate dishes, but I later learned they are dumplings shaped like wontons made by the owner. They have a lamb and onion (piyazi) filling, and you can eat them dry or in soup. The soup dumplings are served in the beef noodle soup, which I think is especially comforting in winter. I also tried their lentil noodle squares (biandou mianqizi). Small flag-shaped dough pieces simmer in the soup, paired with the creamy texture of lentils. It is a winter staple that warms the stomach for people in Xinjiang.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rc408t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cwwjx3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/exx77g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x454kl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zzbvtp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k90zcu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/prdti2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5l8jn0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q8hgxa.jpg)
+
+**February 14**
+
+Urumqi has so many food streets. From the early days of Shanxi Alley and Erdaoqiao to the later Lingguan Alley and Hotan Street, more and more places have become popular spots for food lovers. My biggest discovery on this trip back to Urumqi is that the area from Yingawati Road toward Zhujiang Road is getting busier. The ground-floor shops in the new residential area near the plastic factory are all restaurants newly opened by people from Hotan, each with its own unique style.
+
+We first ate at this 1980s-style pan-fried bun (shuijianbao) shop. Pan-fried buns are a specialty of Ili, but this shop also sells Hotan-style corn naan (baogu nang) and old pigeon soup, making it a mix of northern and southern Xinjiang styles.
+
+We ordered old pigeon soup, goose eggs, corn naan with milk tea, pan-fried buns, yogurt, and dried milk curds (naigeda). The old pigeon was delicious and very fragrant, though the soup was a little salty. The goose egg was large and looked crystal clear. The corn naan with milk tea is an incredible combination. The corn naan is a purely healthy food. The corn dough is filled with walnuts and topped with fried onions. It is a bit hard when dry, but it becomes soft on the outside and crispy on the inside when soaked in milk tea. Their milk tea is also very fresh. Of course, you can find fresh milk everywhere on the streets of Urumqi, so fresh milk tea is a given. They also sell various types of dried milk curds, including sheep milk, cow milk, and yogurt versions, some sour and some milder.
+
+I had only eaten Henan-style pan-fried buns before. The biggest difference with Ili pan-fried buns is the use of a lamb and onion filling, seasoned with cumin and pepper. The dough is made with sourdough starter and fried in a flat pan just like in Henan, but it is served with salty milk tea instead of spicy soup. Ili pan-fried buns taste a bit like a leavened version of a baked bun (kaobaozi). Many people here love them and buy a lot at once.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/de8fhl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r28g0y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nao65u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ed49g8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/44hcvy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4ipzq5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bl5nuz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g1nm3b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4n7hsg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j8xh6v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cgqjl9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wpy2jd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bofclv.jpg)
+
+In the afternoon, while visiting relatives, we passed by the Chaiwopu No. 22 Spicy Chicken on Wuxing South Road. It is a 30-year-old shop, and it was packed with people and very lively. They serve Hui Muslim-style Xinjiang cuisine. A large portion of spicy chicken is a whole bird, and a medium portion is half. It is stir-fried to order, so it takes a while and you have to wait when it is busy, but the taste is better than Yang Le. Adding wide belt noodles (pidai mian) to it is very satisfying. Because the kids couldn't eat spicy food, we also ordered the mixed vegetable soup (dazahuai tang), which has beef meatballs, fried egg strips (jiasha), tofu, and wood ear mushrooms. The portion was large, and it was very warming in the winter. We also ordered stir-fried chestnut squash (banligua). The salty, fragrant, stir-fried squash was soft, waxy, and sweet. It was my first time eating it prepared this way, and it was quite good. The place is always too crowded and the service is just average, but the food is truly excellent. You cannot find this kind of spicy chicken (lazi ji) in Beijing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/atl8wu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nsx24q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dtwq5l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pipuqb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qjk9kh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xr7yy3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y23ys8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jbczi4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wzm8fw.jpg)
+
+In the evening, we went to the cute Xinjiang Silk Road Feast (Silu Yan) at Shengda Plaza near the high-speed railway station. It is great for family gatherings. They have song and dance performances at night, and the menu is a fusion of many different things.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zri7x0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/911b50.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ur2tc5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9kcvrn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jp09mm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/he1a97.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2rfcor.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bc1akf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dp6qth.jpg)
+
+**February 15**
+
+In the morning, I took Suleiman to the top of Yaomo Mountain in Urumqi. It was his first time climbing a snow-covered mountain. We entered through the southeast gate. The path up to Yunmantai is quite gentle and the shortest route, so both the elderly and children can climb it. We took a dirt path going up and the paved road coming down. The scenery on both sides was different, and we even saw a pheasant on the way down.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/74tdvf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8634wa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ektasc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lmoqwa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4s53hl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/udi463.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rtamu1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6x6sr7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tm7nyn.jpg)
+
+Another restaurant on Zhujiang Road, Hotan Flower Black Pilaf (Heizhuafan), is also very unique. It was my first time eating black pilaf in Urumqi. They only sell it at noon. We asked at 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. and it was sold out both times. We finally got to eat it when we went after 4 p.m.
+
+Black pilaf is made by frying onions (piyazi) until they are completely charred and caramelized, rather than frying them to a light golden color like regular pilaf. They also add whole garlic cloves for flavor. Black pilaf has a richer flavor than white pilaf. I had it before in Tashkent and loved it, so I was happy to eat it again this time. You can actually find black pilaf in Southern Xinjiang, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan, but it is rare in Northern Xinjiang. My relatives said an elderly Uzbek man used to sell black pilaf on Zhujiang Road, but we don't know if he is still there.
+
+Their black pilaf comes with lemonade, yogurt, and mung bean jelly (liangfen). The spicy vinegar in the jelly adds a great kick. The waiter will come over and ask if you want more rice.
+
+We also ordered the Hotan-style corn porridge. Hotan corn porridge is called 'umash' in the Uyghur language. To make it, you stir-fry onions in lamb fat, add diced lamb, then pour in lamb broth and bring it to a boil. You also add fresh corn kernels. It is completely different from the clear corn porridge in inland China. It is salty, rich, and full of ingredients, making it very warming in autumn and winter.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8hujva.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4zxrro.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mal3uq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qazomc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/met3kt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/txdrz9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ypmn4.jpg)
+
+There are some new Uyghur restaurants on Zhujiang Road. I want to try this Hotan noodle soup next time.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/omwd0m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mya0tr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qk5ctg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eonfm3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7lanfg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5zbq06.jpg)
+
+In the evening, we had a meal at a relative's house, eating meatball soup and slow-cooked beef bone marrow. The homemade meatballs have lots of meat and very little starch; you really can't find this taste in restaurants. The beef bone marrow was stewed until soft and flavorful, so even the elderly could eat it easily. Steamed oil bread (youxiang) is a specialty of Xinjiang Hui Muslims. It is not deep-fried, making it healthier. It is fluffy in layers and carries the unique aroma of vegetable oil and fragrant clover (xiangdouzi).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2xy88w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bjvte1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5qjpnu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/he70kt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gkj4qp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g7od7l.jpg)
+
+**February 16**
+
+In the morning, we attended a meal at the Huashenglou Banquet Hall, located across from the Changsheng Brigade Mosque in the southern suburbs of Urumqi. This land originally belonged to my wife's relatives, but later it was rented to a friend (dost) from Midong to open a restaurant. Whenever the family hosts a banquet, they replace the kitchen staff with relatives to cook and serve their friends and family themselves.
+
+Changsheng is located at the southern foot of Yamalike Mountain. Under the Qing Dynasty's policy of settling soldiers to farm the border and the migration waves during the Republic of China, Hui Muslims from Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu arrived here to clear wasteland and farm, gradually forming a village. After the founding of New China, these Hui Muslim farming households were organized into the Changsheng Brigade, creating a stable Hui Muslim community. Compared to Hui Muslims living scattered in the city, the people here have kept more traditional customs, and their banquets are much larger.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rx476s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ah98l6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/txrzw7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6dwj7s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5njmbe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9k55xo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v272rm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/psomet.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9emvem.jpg)
+
+Following the order, nine small plates are served first while waiting for the main dishes, so people can drink tea and chat. The small plates contain things like dried fruits, snacks, and candied fruit. Then the small plates are cleared away and cold dishes are served, such as spiced dried tofu (xianggan), mung bean jelly (liangfen), and cold-tossed beef. Next come the stir-fried and stewed dishes, including clear-stewed lamb, braised beef steak, braised eggplant, pickled cabbage with lamb, fried hairtail fish, oil-seared meat (guoyourou), sauced meat-stuffed egg slices (jiashajiasha), stir-fried chives, and braised meatballs. These are all very traditional and have the true taste of a family banquet. Finally, they serve a sweet plate, also called eight-treasure rice (babaofan), which is very satisfying when drizzled with syrup.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/glol38.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mb1u2z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9vljy7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p0d24o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f9vguy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wbrtas.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oa3qoj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xk4ypd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ja4av0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mnox7o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5f6rtr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iqtnz3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jeytkl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cz541j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tg6jya.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x50yi6.jpg)
+
+At noon, we had a gathering at Ma Laosan Huixiangge Restaurant in the Sangong area of Urumqi. The restaurant is near the northern edge of the city and specializes in Xinjiang Hui Muslim banquet dishes.
+
+We ate the nine-bowl three-row banquet (jiuwan sanxingzi), which included sauced meat-stuffed egg slices, braised fish chunks, pearl meatballs, braised beef steak, sweet plate, yellow-braised beef, braised meatballs, spicy chicken chunks, and sauced jelly (menzi). The nine-bowl three-row banquet comes in large and small sizes. Ordering a small portion along with a few other dishes is just right. We had light dishes like shrimp with snow peas and wontons, as well as bold-flavored dishes like peppercorn fish and peppercorn chicken. The restaurant also gave us complimentary chive and meat dumplings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u1eyfw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8l6r48.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z3scrn.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Yunnan__Hui_Muslim_Rice_Noodles__Beef_and_Local_Dishes.md b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Yunnan__Hui_Muslim_Rice_Noodles__Beef_and_Local_Dishes.md
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+++ b/content/Best_Halal_Food_in_Yunnan__Hui_Muslim_Rice_Noodles__Beef_and_Local_Dishes.md
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+---
+title: "Best Halal Food in Yunnan: Hui Muslim Rice Noodles, Beef and Local Dishes"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2683"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2683"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:06Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "03cff6a7e9127ea6046d3f756671b37649d0346ce0ff26514311fb613725ad8c"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Halal Food in Yunnan: Hui Muslim Rice Noodles, Beef and Local Dishes
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Yunnan halal food map covers Hui Muslim rice noodles, beef dishes, local restaurants, and regional food stops across Yunnan, with cultural and place details kept intact.
+
+**First stop: Shangri-La**
+
+**1. Plateau Beef Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g0ll6p.jpg)
+
+Shangri-La is in a Tibetan area and has no mosque in the city center. Most people running halal food businesses here are Hui Muslims from Dali.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gilrzw.jpg)
+
+For breakfast, you can walk to the entrance of Dukezong Ancient Town for a bowl of rice noodles (mixian).
+
+Address: Entrance of Gama Lane, Changzheng Avenue, Shangri-La (opposite the Chengnan Police Station)
+
+**2. Yak Beef Hot Pot Garden**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hx6d6b.jpg)
+
+You can find many yak beef restaurants near Dukezong Ancient Town in Shangri-La.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mwq0wc.jpg)
+
+You must try yak beef in a Tibetan area. Yak beef hot pot involves boiling large chunks of beef in a pot, and you can add beef offal (niuza) to it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/43y0dd.jpg)
+
+In Yunnan, you can eat mint just like cilantro.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ma4bc5.jpg)
+
+Also, try dipping some saffron sprouts (zanghonghuamiao) in the pot.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x2o39o.jpg)
+
+Butter tea (suyoucha) is a must-have drink to keep the cold away.
+
+Address: Near Dawa Road, Shangri-La
+
+**Second stop: Dali**
+
+**1. Yitianyuan**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uz0wp9.jpg)
+
+This is a large restaurant chain from Kunming. The environment is nice and the service is thoughtful. The servers will keep reminding you not to order too much food to avoid waste.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m3qks5.jpg)
+
+You must try the fried milk fan (zha rushan), a local snack.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5luldr.jpg)
+
+Stir-fried yellow beef (xiaochao huangniurou) is also a common home-style dish in Yunnan.
+
+Address: 1st Floor, Dangshanzhou Hotel, No. 15 Fuhai Road, Xiaguan (near Minzu Square)
+
+**2. Erling Halal Snacks**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ufewxv.jpg)
+
+There are many halal snacks inside Dali Ancient Town. There are 18 mosques in the local area, and the halal restaurants mainly serve local or Yunnan-style food.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xbv2h6.jpg)
+
+You can have noodles here for breakfast. This is Dali-style noodles, and you can choose from many different seasonings yourself.
+
+Address: Opposite Aizhe Shiguang Hostel, Dali Ancient Town.
+
+**3. Shuanghe Halal Snacks**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/874dyl.jpg)
+
+You can see this shop as soon as you enter Dali Ancient Town.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/63ct8s.jpg)
+
+Try the Dali rice noodles (ershi). They are a bit like regular noodles, but the texture is slightly different.
+
+Address: Shuanghe Road, South Gate, Dali.
+
+**4. Nanwuliqiao Halal Food Street.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ag6fpx.jpg)
+
+A local friend introduced me to Nanwuliqiao Village, about 3 kilometers from the ancient city, where I found a street full of halal food.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dfzx27.jpg)
+
+**This shop is located in the halal alley inside the village.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jjr25p.jpg)
+
+I haven't tried the black soup fish hot pot (wutang yu huoguo) yet.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8w2i94.jpg)
+
+Beef in a copper pot (huopiao niurou) is a local specialty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rts0mq.jpg)
+
+Dali is a great place to stay for ten days or half a month to taste all these delicious foods.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pb45f4.jpg)
+
+I felt a bit overwhelmed on this street because there were so many special halal dishes that I didn't know what to pick.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nrqvmy.jpg)
+
+I chose to try the Dai-style barbecue.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0rgw0u.jpg)
+
+The grilled tilapia comes with a red dipping sauce that has the sour and spicy flavor of the Dai people. Locals love Dai-style barbecue, and the sticky rice is free.
+
+Address: Middle section of Nanwuliqiao Village Halal Food Street.
+
+**5. Cold shrimp drink (liangxia) and sweet rice (tangfan).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3hbjoe.jpg)
+
+A drink that quenches thirst.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ijdxta.jpg)
+
+You can mix the cold shrimp drink and sweet rice together for 2 yuan a serving. It is slightly sweet.
+
+Address: Entrance of the West Gate Mosque in Dali Ancient City.
+
+**Third stop: Xishuangbanna.**
+
+**1. Hongfu Halal Restaurant.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lkimla.jpg)
+
+This is a local halal restaurant in Xishuangbanna with Dai script on the sign. A local friend treated me here, and locals love coming here too.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/58uv67.jpg)
+
+Fish from the Lancang River.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f2m8ac.jpg)
+
+Stir-fried local specialty vegetables.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ycgqjz.jpg)
+
+Cold tossed beef.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hem4n4.jpg)
+
+This is very similar to tofu puff soup.
+
+Address: No. 3 Menghun Road, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna.
+
+**2. Jueduiniu Hui Muslim Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/chdsw7.jpg)
+
+Not far from the Jinghong Mosque, there are several halal restaurants along both sides of the road.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wbws5o.jpg)
+
+**Oil-drenched dried beef (youlin niuganba)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o4oho9.jpg)
+
+I tried some stir-fried green vegetables that I didn't know the name of.
+
+Address: No. 11 Galan Middle Road, Jinghong City
+
+**3. Jinqiao Halal Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/70v3ci.jpg)
+
+This restaurant is run by Hui-Dai people. The Hui-Dai are local Hui Muslims in Xishuangbanna who have adopted Dai culture, or perhaps Dai people who have adopted Hui customs. They speak the Dai language and follow Dai traditions, but they practice Islam.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nyfncn.jpg)
+
+I had beef rice noodles (migan) here for breakfast. The only difference between this and regular rice noodles (mixian) is the shape; migan is what the locals call them.
+
+Address: Entrance of Manluanhui Village, Xishuangbanna (There is another Hui-Dai village called Mansaihui 4 kilometers away, which also has a large mosque. You can walk there, and the scenery along the way is beautiful.)
+
+**4. Eight-Kilometer Hui-Dai Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rqu21z.jpg)
+
+A newly opened Hui-Dai restaurant that specializes in Dai-style barbecue.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2w9tsb.jpg)
+
+Stir-fried yellow beef.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b32eb2.jpg)
+
+Water coriander (shuixiangcai); it is worth trying just for the novelty.
+
+Address: Beside the road about 800 meters west of the Menghai County Passenger Station.
+
+In the old street of Menghai County, there is a mosque that you cannot find on Baidu Maps. You can also find food around the mosque, but unfortunately, they were already closed when I arrived.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wzeelr.png)
+
+**Yuxi Halal Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sv7k5d.png)
+
+The young girl at this shop showed me the way to the mosque.
+
+**Stop Four: Kunming**
+
+**1. Guiji Xiaojinniu Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qurpgq.jpg)
+
+I have visited this restaurant both times I came to Kunming. It is a pretty good local-style restaurant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i0j70t.jpg)
+
+**Crispy skin roast chicken.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1qublr.jpg)
+
+Dried beef (niuganba), very appetizing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h68oit.jpg)
+
+Stir-fried rice cakes (erkua); you must try this when you come to Kunming, as it is rare elsewhere.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ty8got.jpg)
+
+Jinniu charcoal-grilled meat, their signature dish.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/enndmr.jpg)
+
+Hui Muslim cold chicken (zhuangliangji) is also a signature dish.
+
+Address: Next to Shuncheng Mosque. Beside the mosque is a street full of halal snacks where you can walk and eat at the same time.
+
+**2. Yongning Mosque Snack City**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yu4efg.jpg)
+
+In Kunming, almost every mosque sells halal snacks.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7dev02.jpg)
+
+There are many types of rice noodles (mixian). The famous bridge-crossing rice noodles (guoqiao mixian) are not the most popular in Kunming. In Yunnan, bridge-crossing rice noodles are called water noodles (shuifen) and are similar to vermicelli. Real rice noodles are made from rice. Varieties include braised rice noodles (hongshao mixian), lamb rice noodles (yangrou mixian), and tofu pudding rice noodles (douhua mixian). Here, the noodles and soup are served separately, and you add the noodles to the soup as you eat.
+
+Address: Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming.
+
+**3. Ershiqi Hunan Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8a2opb.jpg)
+
+It is not easy to find halal Hunan cuisine, but I discovered this place thanks to a friend in Yunnan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4dapu7.jpg)
+
+Stir-fried dried tofu with chili peppers (lajiao chao dougan) takes Hunan-style spice to the next level.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0lsnbp.jpg)
+
+Spicy chicken with hot peppers (jianjiao ji) is fragrant and spicy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ememnq.jpg)
+
+Loving Wife copper pot fish cake (aiqi tongguo yugao) is not spicy, and the soup is fresh and delicious.
+
+Address: 4th Floor, Aegean Shopping Park, Guangfu Road.
+
+**4. Bread Workshop (Mianbao Gongfang)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w5dsao.png)
+
+This is the shop. Last time I came to Kunming, a friend treated me to flower cakes (xianhuabing), and I still cannot forget them. This is a chain store, so it is easy to find in Kunming.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h2pkqs.jpg)
+
+They taste even better if you warm them up slightly.
+
+Address: Room 102, Building D5, Beichen Wealth Center, Beijing Road Extension.
diff --git a/content/Best_Hui_Muslim_Food_in_Shaoyang__Hunan_Rice_Noodles__Beef_and_Local_Halal_Dishe.md b/content/Best_Hui_Muslim_Food_in_Shaoyang__Hunan_Rice_Noodles__Beef_and_Local_Halal_Dishe.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e8f2ea0ce6c0dffc3b5895be6c7f2ee90dbf897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Best_Hui_Muslim_Food_in_Shaoyang__Hunan_Rice_Noodles__Beef_and_Local_Halal_Dishe.md
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+---
+title: "Best Hui Muslim Food in Shaoyang: Hunan Rice Noodles, Beef and Local Halal Dishes"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2672"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2672"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:49Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "2c235bcde174015f6560f9c32517e4f3d03f92448effe898ef632ba0fda8d70b"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Best Hui Muslim Food in Shaoyang: Hunan Rice Noodles, Beef and Local Halal Dishes
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Shaoyang halal food guide follows Hui Muslim food in Hunan, including rice noodles, beef dishes, local snacks, and the author’s mosque-and-food route through the city.
+
+On May 1st, I arrived in Shaoyang from Changsha, Hunan, in the evening to slurp authentic Shaoyang rice noodles (shaoyang fen) at the long-standing Hui Muslim Restaurant No. 1 on Dongfeng Road.
+
+The two most famous Hui Muslim noodle shops in Shaoyang are Hui Muslim Restaurant No. 1 on Dongfeng Road and Hui Muslim Restaurant No. 2 on Hongqi Road. Both grew out of the Shaoyang Hui Muslim Canteen, which was formed in 1956 during the public-private partnership era by elders from the Shaoyang South Mosque and East Mosque. In 1960, the Shaoyang Hui Muslim Canteen split into Hui Muslim Canteen No. 1 on Dongfeng Road and Hui Muslim Canteen No. 2 on Hongqi Road. After restructuring in 1982, they were renamed Hui Muslim Restaurant No. 1 and Hui Muslim Restaurant No. 2. Today, both shops operate at their original locations, serving traditional Shaoyang Hui Muslim noodles and various snacks.
+
+Shaoyang noodles are known for being thick, round, and chewy, served in bright red chili oil. The Hui Muslim version is especially famous for its slow-cooked beef bone broth and large slices of beef. I ordered the top-tier three-delicacy noodles, which included beef egg dumplings, beef tripe, and large slices of beef, plus dried butterfly-shaped tofu (hudiegan) and pressed tofu (xianggan). This was my first time trying Hunan beef egg dumplings. They tasted great and felt very healthy. The beef tripe was chewy but not tough, and the beef was delicious. I asked the lady making the noodles for a mild spice level, and the heat was just right.
+
+The soul of Shaoyang noodles is the local mountain pepper oil (shanhujiao you). It is made by mixing mountain spice (shancangzi) with vegetable oil, giving it a crisp lemon scent with hints of mint and ginger.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0l44ar.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r308p6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2hu2vh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fbiax3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nc9hcv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/trcmuv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qmtpla.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/41397q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0wm97x.jpg)
+
+Another very popular item at the shop is the freshly fried brown sugar rice cake (hongtang baba). Brown sugar is a Shaoyang specialty. The local sugarcane has high sugar content, and the white frost on the surface is very nutritious. The resulting brown sugar is sweet but not cloying, with a rich, lingering sweetness and a unique sugarcane aroma. The brown sugar rice cakes cost two yuan each, and many people out for an evening stroll buy them to eat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5ctcmu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g5c793.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/updfeq.jpg)
+
+Near Hui Muslim Restaurant No. 1 is the Shaoyang East Mosque. This is the oldest Hui mosque in Hunan, first built in 1368 (the first year of the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty), which is why it is called the ancient mosque or old mosque.
+
+In the first year of the Hongwu reign, the first Hui Muslim families to move to Shaoyang were the Ma, Zhang, and Su families. In the second year, the Hai and Cai families arrived, forming the five founding families of the Shaoyang East Mosque. The ancestor of the Ma family, Ma Cheng, was originally from Taixing, Jiangsu. During the Yuan Dynasty, he served as an official in the Privy Council. In the first year of the Hongwu reign, he retired and moved to Shaoyang. Because his descendants were granted the hereditary title of 'Hundred-Household' official, they became known as the Hundred-Household Ma family. The ancestor of the Zhang family, Pu Luode, was originally from Sanhe, Langfang, Hebei. In the first year of the Hongwu reign, he was appointed as a commander in the Baoqing Guard and moved to Shaoyang. The Ming Emperor gave him the surname Zhang. The ancestor of the Su family, Su Tong, was originally from Beijing. During the Hongwu reign, he was appointed as a commander and moved to Shaoyang. The ancestor of the Hai family, Hai Mengshi, was originally from Shunyi District, Beijing. In the second year of the Hongwu reign, he was appointed to the Baoqing Guard and later settled in Hai Family Lane in Shaoyang. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Cai family ancestor lived in the Hui Muslim camp outside the south gate of Nanjing. In the second year of the Hongwu reign, he was appointed as a commander and moved to Shaoyang.
+
+The original location of the Shaoyang East Mosque is unknown. It is only known that it was moved from near the ancient Baihe Mosque in Tianjiawan Third Lane inside the city to the cattle slaughtering area (niuping) at the north end of Goutoupo, facing the Shaofu Street entrance. Because the cattle slaughtering area was near a Buddhist nunnery, it faced frequent interference, and the building was too small. In 1743 (the eighth year of the Qianlong reign), they traded land with the Gao and Liu families from Zhangjiachong outside the city and rebuilt it at the current location of the East Mosque.
+
+The Shaoyang East Mosque was renovated in 1836 (the sixteenth year of the Daoguang reign), bombed by the Japanese army in 1944, and repaired in 1954. The main hall collapsed again in 1986, was rebuilt in 1990, and took on its current appearance after a Sinicization renovation in 2021.
+
+The Zhangjiachong entrance near the Shaoyang East Mosque has always been the main hub for Hui Muslim food businesses. During the Republic of China era, it was home to halal eateries like Sihailou, Shuangfaguan, Dongheguan, Dongheyuan, Cuixiangyuan, and Fengfayuan, where a bowl of rice noodles paired with a bowl of rice was the popular meal. In 1956, these eateries were brought under the management of the city's catering company, which became the predecessor to today's Hui Muslim Restaurant No. 1.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lbljis.jpg)
+
+The cemetery for the Ma, Zhang, and Hai families of Shaoyang Hui Muslims is located at the west end of Xihu Bridge. The Shaoyang South Mosque moved next to the cemetery in 1992, and the area has since become a major gathering place for Shaoyang's Hui Muslims.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9n1hq8.jpg)
+
+The Shaoyang South Mosque was originally located at Jinjiatai outside the South Gate. It was built in 1914 under the leadership of Ma Xiangwu and other local Hui Muslims, with Ma Linyi donating a significant amount of funds. In 1985, due to the construction of National Highway 207, the South Mosque was moved next to the Hui Muslim cemetery and rebuilt to its original size. The original contractor cut corners, leaving the main hall unusable. It was demolished and rebuilt, and the current structure was officially completed in 1992.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r3adpy.jpg)
+
+The entrance to the Shaoyang South Mosque is likely the most convenient place for Shaoyang Hui Muslims to grab a meal. In the morning, the street is filled with vendors selling steamed buns (baozi), mung bean porridge, stir-fried rice noodles, and deep-fried dough sticks (youtiao), along with the standard beef rice noodles.
+
+A standout item at the steamed bun stall is the spicy dried tofu (dougan) bun. The filling is made of diced dried tofu, fresh chili, mountain pepper oil, and spicy chili oil, wrapped in dough leavened with sourdough starter, making it soft yet chewy. The stir-fried rice noodles use thick, round Shaoyang-style noodles, flash-fried over high heat until spicy and flavorful.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vcrws8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0w64gy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i22wjb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jm4bht.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ehi78.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/245k5j.jpg)
+
+We also bought cat ear pastries (mao'erduo) at the Ma Girl Pastry Shop by the mosque entrance, which are flavored with brown sugar. Shaoyang brown sugar is very famous and has a unique sugarcane aroma.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wxhr5o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pyr1o4.jpg)
+
+We had lunch at the Zhang Family Hui Muslim Restaurant by the Shaoyang South Mosque, where you can find the most classic Shaoyang Hui Muslim stir-fry dishes.
+
+Shaoyang Hui Muslim cuisine focuses on beef, covering almost every edible part of the cow, from basic stir-fried beef to beef hoof, beef tendon, beef tripe, beef omasum, and their signature large slices of beef. They offer hot stir-fry methods like small-batch frying, iron-plate cooking, and toothpick beef, as well as soups like beef omasum soup. If you want spicy food, you can order stir-fried beef with chili, sour and spicy chicken giblets, stir-fried chili with fermented black beans, or steamed fish with Lao Gan Ma sauce. If you prefer less spice, you can ask the staff for mild or no spice, which makes it easy for northerners to enjoy.
+
+We ordered stir-fried beef hoof, home-style grass carp, and stir-fried asparagus lettuce (wosun). The beef hoof was stir-fried with green chili, just like the stir-fried beef, but the hoof felt a bit tough and hard to chew. The asparagus lettuce was the best part—very fresh and tender. The kind you buy in Beijing supermarkets can't compare. They use a lot of rapeseed oil for vegetables here, which I think adds great flavor, but those who prefer lighter food should mention it beforehand. The home-style grass carp had quite a few bones, but the meat was excellent and lacked the fishy smell often found in northern grass carp. I usually don't like grass carp in Beijing, but I ordered it after the owner said the Hunan grass carp was good, and it turned out to be delicious.
+
+They are very observant of their faith, and the mosque's imam (pieshen) even came to eat there at noon. After prayers, the elders from the mosque all came to the shop for noodles, which shows that the locals really trust this place. Their mooncakes (yuebing) are also very popular. While we were eating, we saw several groups of people come by just to buy them. The local Shaoyang mooncakes are just too big. After finishing one, you feel like you do not need to eat a meal.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mjr27x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rmg882.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7qd49t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rlapyx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kafj49.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/27noxb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ppso4p.jpg)
+
+The wall at the entrance of the South Mosque (Nansi) in Shaoyang features a series of paintings about the history of local Hui Muslims. The images include traditional Hui mooncakes, Hui sesame oil (xiangyou), Hui fried tofu (youdoufu), a Hui canteen, the Jiqing Hui Restaurant, and the Nanmenkou Three Spices Shop. There are many other shops near the entrance of the South Mosque, such as Zhang's Hui Barbecue, a pastry shop run by a Hui person named Su, and Ma's Hui Noodle Shop. There is also a hotel for ethnic minorities inside the South Mosque courtyard, making it very convenient for eating and staying.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i7p3lf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xbz4y7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3cupnk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1oqota.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v9xmcg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rdbgat.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wy4xrd.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Book_Notes_on_Hui_Muslim_Speech__Language__Identity_and_Muslim_Culture_in_China.md b/content/Book_Notes_on_Hui_Muslim_Speech__Language__Identity_and_Muslim_Culture_in_China.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..115352d5cc28cb97aa24cc908799c8abbdf7b16d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Book_Notes_on_Hui_Muslim_Speech__Language__Identity_and_Muslim_Culture_in_China.md
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+title: "Book Notes on Hui Muslim Speech: Language, Identity and Muslim Culture in China"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1927"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1927"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:40Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "7a0d20742b4dd50059f863ef47da86c5f93d1b052d368adec1897336386c6307"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Book Notes on Hui Muslim Speech: Language, Identity and Muslim Culture in China
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Book Notes on Hui Muslim Speech: Language, Identity and Muslim Culture in China. Today I am sharing two books related to the language of Hui Muslims. It is useful for readers interested in Hui Muslims, Chinese Language, Muslim Culture.
+
+Today I am sharing two books related to the language of Hui Muslims.
+
+The first one is the Urumqi Hui Muslim Language Gazetteer; Zainabu and I speak in this 'AA-zi' style in our daily lives, and it also includes the unique Urumqi Hui Muslim way of teasing others: 'zi-zi-zi'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xtvhev.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/37mthr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/edr75b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fhis71.jpg)
+
+**Some religious terminology.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j861ay.jpg)
+
+**The differences between Urumqi Hui Muslim dialect and Han Chinese dialect.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xkadpe.jpg)
+
+**The characteristics of the Urumqi Hui Muslim dialect.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mn6jox.jpg)
+
+The differences between Urumqi Hui Muslim dialect and Han Chinese dialect. The Hui Muslim dialect is based on the Shaanxi dialect, while the Han Chinese dialect is based on the Gansu dialect.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fts9v6.jpg)
+
+The second book is a selection of Hui Muslim language published by the Tianjin Beisi (North Mosque) in 2001. The Hui Muslim language is a precious cultural treasure, and some young people today can no longer master it proficiently.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/af17xy.jpg)
+
+Alim, meaning 'scholar' in Arabic. Example sentence: The ink of an Alim is more precious than the blood of a Shahid (martyr).
+
+Akhirah, meaning 'the afterlife' in Arabic. Example sentence: This world is the sowing field for the Akhirah. Bakhil, meaning 'stingy' in Arabic. Example sentence: A Bakhil person cannot enter Paradise. Bala, meaning 'disaster' in Arabic. Example sentence: Wasting food will bring about a Bala. Bandah, meaning 'servant' in Persian. Example sentence: The intention of a Bandah, the joy of sincerity. Barakah, meaning 'blessing' in Arabic. Example sentence: When a guest enters the home, Barakah comes with them. Dushman, meaning 'enemy' in Persian; in daily life, it is often used to describe someone who is unreasonable and likes to go against others. Du'a, meaning 'supplication' in Arabic. Example sentence: Keep the Du'a in your heart, and peace be upon you. Dunya, meaning 'the present world' in Arabic. Example sentence: Work for the Dunya as if you will live for a thousand years, and work for the afterlife as if you will pass away in an instant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g5twhz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cnjcwo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o13bcu.jpg)
diff --git a/content/CECC_Annual_Report_2022___ETHNIC_MINORITY_RIGHTS.md b/content/CECC_Annual_Report_2022___ETHNIC_MINORITY_RIGHTS.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c8ee60426f3fb7ad8114e4eebbe225d61858a3dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/CECC_Annual_Report_2022___ETHNIC_MINORITY_RIGHTS.md
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+title: "CECC Annual Report 2022 | ETHNIC MINORITY RIGHTS"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1540"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1540"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:16:38Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "dbf6649e65eaaad7160515ad89dd2be6186bf5f0d3392db70fe07d1dfad35478"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# CECC Annual Report 2022 | ETHNIC MINORITY RIGHTS
+
+The infos from CECC Annual Report 2022 
+ 
+link: https://www.cecc.gov/sites/chinacommission.house.gov/files/documents/2022_CECC_Report_0.pdf
+ ETHNIC MINORITY RIGHTS
+
+Findings
+
+• During the Commission’s 2022 reporting year, People’s Re- public of China (PRC) authorities implemented policies that limited the freedom of ethnic minority groups to express their cultural and religious identities, in contravention of the PRC Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law and international law such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
+
+• During this reporting year, PRC officials introduced lan- guage and education policies that prioritized the acquisition of Mandarin Chinese and the reduction of ethnic minority lan- guage instruction. Australian scholar James Leibold said, ‘‘[T]he education system is now the front lines in President Xi Jinping’s assault on ethnic minority cultures in China.’’
+
+• Authorities implemented programs and activities in Hui reli- gious communities this past year which were aimed at ‘‘sinicizing’’ Islamic practices, a trend observers say limits Hui Muslims’ ability to practice their religion and culture.
+
+• Following protests in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Re- gion in fall 2020 over a new policy to reduce Mongolian lan- guage instruction in schools, authorities worked to eliminate dissent among Mongol parents, students, teachers, and others in the region. Officials launched mass ‘‘rectification’’ and ‘‘re- education’’ campaigns, including through ‘‘patriotism courses,’’ to shore up support throughout all segments of Mongol society for the PRC’s sinicization policies.
diff --git a/content/CONGRESSIONAL_EXECUTIVE_COMMISSION_ON_CHINA_ANNUAL_REPORT_2022__Crackdown_on_Hui.md b/content/CONGRESSIONAL_EXECUTIVE_COMMISSION_ON_CHINA_ANNUAL_REPORT_2022__Crackdown_on_Hui.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f14c56467d8728502eec1028e58f70972a4d7deb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/CONGRESSIONAL_EXECUTIVE_COMMISSION_ON_CHINA_ANNUAL_REPORT_2022__Crackdown_on_Hui.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: "CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2022: Crackdown on Hui Religion and Culture"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1536"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1536"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:16:19Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "11243be3a1b8922b318133005ca8962fca906a390b10f5a1be57c3ed0aca8b08"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2022: Crackdown on Hui Religion and Culture
+
+https://www.cecc.gov/sites/chinacommission.house.gov/files/documents/2022_CECC_Report_0.pdf
+Full pdf link:
+During this reporting year, authorities implemented programs and activities in Hui religious communities that were aimed at ‘‘sinicizing’’ Islamic practices, a trend observers say limits Hui Muslims’ ability to practice their religion and culture. Authorities demolished and removed features such as domes and minarets from mosques which serve Hui communities, in order to ‘‘sinicize’’ the mosques and eradicate ‘‘Saudi and Arabic influence.’’ In one case, beginning in July 2021, authorities removed the domes and minarets from the front gate of the Dongguan Mosque in Xining municipality, Qinghai province. The mosque, one of the largest in China, is viewed as symbolically important in the Hui commu- nity. In June 2022, authorities in Zhaotong municipality, Yunnan province, demolished the domes and minarets of Baoshan Mosque, and beat dozens of Hui Muslims who had attempted to guard the mosque, many of whom had to be hospitalized for their injuries. According to human rights organization Christian Solidarity World-wide (CSW), local authorities announced demolition plans in 2021, calling them part of a project to get rid of ‘‘Saudi and Arabic influ- ence.’’25 CSW reported that according to Zhaotong residents, only three out of more than 100 local mosques retained their domes and minarets, as officials had removed them from nearly all of the mosques.
+
+An activity launched by authorities in Qinghai was another ex- ample of official actions to ‘‘sinicize’’ Islamic practices. Beginning in October 2021, provincial-level government and Party officials in Qinghai organized religious personnel to travel to mosques throughout the province, in the fourth such tour of its kind, to ‘‘pro- mote a Chinese communal national consciousness’’ and ‘‘guide the Muslim masses to unite closely around the Party and the govern- ment.’’ A Chinese scholar of folk religions told Radio Free Asia that the official aim of this type of activity was to convert religious believers into ‘‘believers in the Party.’’ [For more information on freedom of religion for Muslims in China, see Section III—Freedom of Religion and Section X—Xinjiang.]
diff --git a/content/Carter_Holton_s_Old_Photos_of_Beijing_and_Tianjin_Hui_Muslims.md b/content/Carter_Holton_s_Old_Photos_of_Beijing_and_Tianjin_Hui_Muslims.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..30f4e31eb63effb9d87accb853daf8ce7b87b918
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Carter_Holton_s_Old_Photos_of_Beijing_and_Tianjin_Hui_Muslims.md
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+---
+title: "Carter Holton's Old Photos of Beijing and Tianjin Hui Muslims"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2015"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2015"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:57Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "183bcc48d04c5615c1073afa7e39033dc1ded00fc47d4f97e2b38a066d586b6c"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Carter Holton's Old Photos of Beijing and Tianjin Hui Muslims
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Carter Holton's Old Photos of Beijing and Tianjin Hui Muslims is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Reverend Carter Holton was an American missionary who worked in Northwest China from 1923 to 1949, leaving behind over 5,000 precious photographs. The account keeps its focus on Hui Muslims, Old Photos, Beijing Mosques while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+Reverend Carter Holton was an American missionary who worked in Northwest China from 1923 to 1949, leaving behind over 5,000 precious photographs. After the Reverend passed away, his daughter Lora Jean Heurlin donated these materials to the Harvard-Yenching Library in the early 1990s, and the library finished digitizing them in 2011.
+
+Online address: Carter D. Holton Collection | Harvard Library
+
+In August 1936, Reverend Holton returned to China after finishing his vacation in the United States. In early 1937, Holton reached Tianjin and Beijing, where he visited several mosques before traveling through Xi'an and Lanzhou to Hezhou to continue his missionary work.
+
+Below, I will share the old photos Reverend Holton took in Beijing and Tianjin in early 1937.
+
+**Beijing**
+
+In early spring 1937, the Eid al-Fitr prayer service at the Niujie Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h8rapr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ityrl7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/622lbb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nwq0or.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xrt9y2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zyd6r1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dy13wj.jpg)
+
+**After the prostration.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k5scnw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qmzqfz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zraa2y.jpg)
+
+The potted plants in the courtyard were donated by Gai Biting, a famous social activist from Niujie.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wjz09d.jpg)
+
+**Children watching the prayer service.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wlndhs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7c5z5f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/27d041.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ky846y.jpg)
+
+Imam Wang Lianyu of Niujie (wearing a white cap on the left) came from a family of imams.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zyj0r8.jpg)
+
+**Jiaozi Hutong Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5kunra.jpg)
+
+A funeral bier (maiti xiazi) at the entrance of Jiaozi Hutong, inscribed with 'Beiping Jiaozi Hutong Mosque Funeral Mutual Aid Group'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uez8a8.jpg)
+
+**Sanlihe Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f0s17t.jpg)
+
+**Tianqiao Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xw2pse.jpg)
+
+**Tianjin.**
+
+**Tianjin South Mosque (Qingzhen Nandasi) in January 1937.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0w7zf6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hkax1p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mw7uyr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/520zq8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3rxwzk.jpg)
+
+**The ablution room (shuifang) of the South Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z7fohx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mv5cyi.jpg)
+
+**Inside the main prayer hall of the Tianjin South Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yyxer9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ntxnuu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d3w97r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y5ufjm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pm0zlo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wnf5h5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rzlrbd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8mdyub.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d27zk7.jpg)
+
+**Calligraphy at the Tianjin South Mosque (some also believe it is the North Mosque).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6mj7ip.jpg)
+
+It is speculated to be the main hall of the Tianjin South Mosque, though some suggest it might be a mosque in Tongzhou or Changping.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p1jsis.jpg)
+
+**Missionaries visiting the Tianjin North Mosque (Qingzhen Beidasi).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/frwx6y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hm4xhi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aqmi08.jpg)
+
+**It is speculated to be a halal meat stall on Qingzhen North Lane, near the Tianjin South Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3w19uy.jpg)
+
+A snowy scene at a mosque in Tianjin in January 1937.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5h91qm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3e5u8m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mlpnha.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pfvof0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rif3hz.jpg)
diff --git a/content/China_Mosque_Travel_Guide_Jiangsu_Huai_an__Hui_Muslim_Streets__Mosques_and_Local.md b/content/China_Mosque_Travel_Guide_Jiangsu_Huai_an__Hui_Muslim_Streets__Mosques_and_Local.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bd32eeb76d288becc777eb63a899375b5b6ffc97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/China_Mosque_Travel_Guide_Jiangsu_Huai_an__Hui_Muslim_Streets__Mosques_and_Local.md
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+---
+title: "China Mosque Travel Guide Jiangsu Huai'an: Hui Muslim Streets, Mosques and Local History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2989"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2989"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:36Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "96c6818ca7865ab694fe6960dc43a394316424e9d8b7cb76d57d84631fe26e24"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# China Mosque Travel Guide Jiangsu Huai'an: Hui Muslim Streets, Mosques and Local History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Jiangsu travel account revisits Huai an in 2017 through mosques, Hui Muslim community history, streets, and local food. It preserves the original notes on removed source material, place names, architectural details, and historical references.
+
+Because the article was taken down, I have revised and reposted it.
+
+On March 11, 2017, I went to Huai'an, Jiangsu, to explore the food and sights. I visited three places: Qingjiangpu, Hexia, and Wangjiaying. I will introduce them to you one by one.
+
+**Qingjiangpu**
+
+In 1415 (the 13th year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty), Chen Xuan, the Earl of Pingjiang, dredged Qingjiangpu. He built the Changying Granary, which stretched for several miles, and the massive Qingjiang Shipyard. He conscripted over 6,000 craftsmen, and grain transport ships from every province were repaired and built here. As a hub for grain transport, the town of Qingjiangpu gradually took shape and became increasingly prosperous.
+
+Because navigating the Yellow River section of the canal was very dangerous and waiting times to pass through locks in Shandong were too long, many merchants and travelers chose to leave their boats at Qingjiangpu. They would cross the Yellow River at Wangjiaying and switch to horse-drawn carriages to continue north. Qingjiangpu became a transportation hub known for "southern boats and northern horses."
+
+In 1677 (the 16th year of the Kangxi reign), the Director-General of Grain Transport moved to Qingjiangpu, making it the center of the grain transport system. In his collection of notes and stories, "Seven Inks of the Golden Pot" (Jinhu Qimo), the Qing Dynasty writer Huang Junzai recorded: "Along the Qingjiang River for over ten miles, the markets were prosperous and filled with goods. People from all directions gathered here, with shoulders rubbing and carriage wheels touching; it was truly magnificent."
+
+However, due to the dual impact of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom capturing Nanjing in 1853 (the third year of the Xianfeng reign) and the Yellow River bursting its banks and changing course at Tongwaxiang in 1855 (the fifth year of the Xianfeng reign), the canal began to fall into disrepair and silt up. In 1860, the Nian Army captured Qingjiangpu, and its twenty-mile-long bustling market streets were burned down. In 1873, the Qing government ordered the China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company to transport grain from Shanghai to Tianjin by steamship, causing Qingjiangpu to decline rapidly. After the Jinpu Railway opened in 1912, Qingjiangpu declined even further. When the new Grand Canal was completed in 1959, Qingjiangpu finally ended its history as a transportation hub.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o2bdoi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/teta1v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sfi9mb.jpg)
+
+**Qingjiang Mosque**
+
+The most important wharf in Qingjiangpu is next to Yuezha. It is called the Imperial Wharf (Yu Matou) because both the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors landed there during their southern inspection tours. This was once the most prosperous and lively place in Qingjiangpu.
+
+Starting from the Ming Dynasty, Hui Muslims did business on Yuehe Street in front of the Imperial Wharf. This gradually formed the Yuehe Street Hui Muslim community in Qingjiangpu, and the center of this community is the Qingjiang Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wgdtbg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9bpsy4.jpg)
+
+Qingjiang Mosque was originally called Yuanpu Mosque. It was first built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty and underwent large-scale renovations and expansions in 1799 (the 57th year of the Qianlong reign). In 1860 (the 10th year of the Xianfeng reign), the Nian Army captured Qingjiangpu and destroyed the mosque. The imam, Ma Huanwen, unfortunately passed away from illness while raising funds for its reconstruction. Fortunately, an elder from Nanjing named Jiang Hengqing took over. He organized everyone to raise funds, and they finally rebuilt the main prayer hall in 1870 (the 9th year of the Tongzhi reign).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/402pwr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q3rr8f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o4vgkv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lgv5rx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zml6yo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3vj39b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n9d0v8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9i4ctg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/etyoii.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4rhw6p.jpg)
+
+The 1870 (9th year of the Tongzhi reign) stele inscription titled 'Record of Rebuilding the Mosque Main Hall' inside the mosque tells the history of Qingjiang Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aribd1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m2ldrt.jpg)
+
+In 1910 (the 2nd year of the Xuantong reign), Qingjiang Mosque established Muying Primary School next to the mosque to teach both Chinese and Arabic. The famous historian Professor Pang Pu once studied there. Today, the school building is destroyed, and no traces remain.
+
+To the west of the mosque once stood the former residence of Zuo Baogui, known as the Zuo Mansion. General Zuo Baogui led his troops to defend the Xuanwu Gate in Pyongyang during the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894 (the 20th year of the Guangxu reign), dealing heavy blows to the Japanese army. On September 15, General Zuo Baogui personally lit a cannon to fire. His right arm was blown off, but he bandaged the wound and kept fighting. He was eventually hit in the chest by a shell and died a heroic death at the age of 57. That same year, the Yangzhou government followed an imperial decree to build a cenotaph for Zuo Baogui next to the Puhading Tomb in Yangzhou, which is still preserved today.
+
+Qingjiang Mosque stopped its activities and was occupied in 1966. It was renovated in 1979 and has been open ever since.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/klxueq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jxy15d.jpg)
+
+**Halal food in Qingjiangpu.**
+
+There are over ten halal restaurants in Qingjiangpu. Just on the Yuehe Snack Street in front of the mosque, there are eight, and each one has its own specialty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9mitlv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0fzyxu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c47pzy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iibf6e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/amkirp.jpg)
+
+Liu Si Noodle Shop serves chicken noodle soup with fish balls, beef balls, and squid. The fish balls are super delicious, and the soup is excellent. It feels great to finish a bowl. However, the owner said this area will be demolished in a year or two, so they will likely have to move.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xlokf1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q7hsrx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/demokn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/se80i4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6pdi1q.jpg)
+
+Salted goose (yanshui e) from Sha's Beef Shop.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jnc1d2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2hqpfe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/muuj6h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cct98j.jpg)
+
+Wonton noodles (huntun mian) from Ding Si Wonton Noodle Shop.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9ql6f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6hfsxy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5qzchx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dw4c6t.jpg)
+
+**Little sparrows (fried mini wontons).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0kujna.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4g9tif.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2nu1am.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s9ukut.jpg)
+
+Seman Cafe is run by local Hui Muslims. They serve tea in the afternoon and grilled skewers at night. I ordered Arabic coffee, dates, and date milk. The atmosphere is quite nice.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uyzvvc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v2i2i9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0q4g7s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/572zw3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qk8chd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hg97bn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nqjq1a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tmu2pp.jpg)
+
+Saudi perfume.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fmbvu4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hzp75d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/236hxv.jpg)
+
+I read for a while in the cafe. There are many books on the shelves.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kvq9o6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g4fsht.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jkwoaq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zuz9i8.jpg)
+
+Finally, I bought some Dubai wheat soda.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kphnt9.jpg)
+
+**Hexia Ancient Town.**
+
+Travel south along the Grand Canal from Qingjiangpu, and you will reach Hexia Ancient Town, not far northwest of the Huai'an Prefecture city. Hexia is the largest town in the suburbs of Huai'an. Its historical official name was Manpu. After Emperor Shizong of the Later Zhou Dynasty attacked the Southern Tang, he set up the Manpu Customs here and built dams and locks. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, Hexia developed into an important canal town.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zu39gu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/akmzbs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j1yhhe.jpg)
+
+Because the salt fields along the coast of Huaibei produced high-quality salt, many salt merchants from the northwest and Anhui came to Huaibei during the late Ming Dynasty. The Huaibei Salt Transport Office was located in Hexia. Salt from the fields had to be shipped to Hexia for inspection before merchants sold it elsewhere. Hexia then entered its most prosperous period. Salt merchants built gardens and courtyards there. The Qing Dynasty record "Hexia Annals of Huai'an" states: "Wealthy salt merchants brought their capital and made their homes in Hexia, making the town extremely prosperous." The wealth brought by these merchants made the town's business thrive, and many Hui Muslims also came to settle in Hexia.
+
+In 1831 (the 11th year of the Daoguang reign), Liangjiang Governor Tao Peng implemented the ticket salt law in Huaibei, requiring permits to transport salt. Many salt merchants went bankrupt quickly. This event is known as the "Salt Reform," and Hexia Ancient Town began to decline from then on.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/udpar8.jpg)
+
+Hexia Mosque was first built in the Ming Dynasty. In 1860 (the 10th year of the Xianfeng reign), when the Nian Army captured Huai'an, 10 rooms of the mosque were burned down, but it was later rebuilt. After 1966, Hexia Mosque stopped its activities and four rooms were damaged. It resumed activities in 1986 and recently underwent major renovations to reach its current state.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3sln3v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hsyj4g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r2yuvz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3896b4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9socyc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9mbl0j.jpg)
+
+When we visited, the Hexia Mosque was empty. Imam Sha was running a beef and lamb shop on the other side of town and only goes to the mosque when needed.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lgnjk2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/81vrt4.jpg)
+
+In the early years of the Republic of China, a Hui Muslim named Zhang Bu'ao opened the Kaifuxingzhai Halal Restaurant in Hexia Town. It was a famous halal restaurant at the time with 11 rooms, two of which faced the street. The building still stands today and is listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Huai'an City.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hqrrae.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2s3xzz.jpg)
+
+**Halal snacks in Hexia Town.**
+
+The second issue of Jiangsu Muslims in 2016 featured an article titled Famous Halal Products, Restaurants, and Snacks in Huai'an, provided by the Huai'an Islamic Association. The article mentions that in the late Qing Dynasty, a Hui Muslim named Li in Hexia Town applied noodle-pulling techniques to making fried dough twists (sanzi), creating a unique version of the snack. The Li family's fried dough twists (sanzi) are made with sesame oil and no alkaline additives, allowing them to be shaped into fans, combs, pagodas, and other patterns.
+
+Halal tea-flavored fried dough twists (sanzi) in Hexia Town today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gd7yen.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ktende.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nqwwcc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8rnri4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/810cbp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/deftiu.jpg)
+
+There is also a type of sweet cake.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8lgx5f.jpg)
+
+Hexia Town once had a teahouse opened by a Hui Muslim named Chen Yongyuan during the Xianfeng era. The lintel above the door was inscribed with the word Halal in red, Chen Yongyuan in the middle, and Teahouse at the bottom. This piece is now in the collection of the Chuzhou Museum. Every morning, someone was sent to fetch water from the Grand Canal. After returning, they used alum to clarify the water, then boiled it to brew famous teas like Longjing and Biluochun. People came to the teahouse every morning to drink tea and chat in a constant stream.
+
+Today, there is still a halal snack shop on Zhugan Lane in Hexia Town, where we had some very delicious shredded chicken noodles.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/70pig8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gsgg3s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rzsjbi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hv7sv6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nx31r3.jpg)
+
+**Wangjiaying.**
+
+Wangjiaying, now called Wangying, is located between the old Yellow River course and the Yan River. During the Ming Dynasty, the Dahe Guard was established in Huai'an Prefecture, and ten military camps were built along the Yellow River. Wangjiaying was one of them.
+
+Because travel on the Yellow River section of the canal was slow and passing through the locks was dangerous, often leading to broken cables and sunken boats, many merchants chose to leave their boats at Qingjiangpu. They would cross the Yellow River at Wangjiaying and switch to horse-drawn carriages to continue north. Wangjiaying and Qingjiangpu gradually grew into busy towns together.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g0yj6o.jpg)
+
+**The old Yellow River course before 1855.**
+
+Wangjiaying experienced many Yellow River floods, and the town moved east three times before reaching its current location. Wangjiaying became more prosperous in the early Qing Dynasty. The Wangjiaying Gazetteer records that it was a place where southern boats and northern horses met and crowds gathered. In 1831, the Viceroy of Liangjiang, Tao Peng, implemented a salt ticket system in Huaibei. Known as the salt reform, this meant sea salt from Huaibei salt fields no longer needed to be inspected and taxed in Hexia Town. Tao Peng chose Xiba in Wangjiaying as the new distribution center for Huai salt. Because of this, Wangjiaying became the center for eighteen salt warehouses and seventy-two salt bureaus. Salt boats traveled constantly along the three-hundred-mile waterway between the Huaibei salt fields and Wangjiaying.
+
+The rise of Wangjiaying during the Qing Dynasty led to Hui Muslims settling there. The first Hui Muslims to arrive in Wangjiaying were the Ma and Sha families, who came from Lingzhou in Gansu by way of Shandong and Zhenjiang. Later, families named Jin, Dai, Chang, Ge, Fan, Li, and Yang also settled here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1wtgcc.jpg)
+
+The history of the Wangjiaying Mosque is documented in the book A Century-Old Mosque in the Ancient City of Huaiyin by Imam Fan Weiming and in The Past and Present of Wangying Mosque by Mao Lifa, the former director of the Huaiyin District CPPCC Cultural and Historical Committee. I have organized that information here.
+
+The Wangjiaying Mosque was first built during the Yongzheng reign as three thatched rooms next to the lotus pond at Wangjiapo. At the end of the Daoguang reign, it moved to the south bank of the Salt River, with Imams Chang Tingzhang and Dai Mingxuan in charge of religious affairs. Imam Chang Tingzhang, known as Third Master Chang, was originally from Jining, Shandong. He was born in 1785 in Taoyuan County, Huai'an Prefecture, Jiangsu (now Siyang). In his youth, he studied in Lingzhou, Gansu (now Lingwu, Ningxia), and after completing his studies, he visited various places in Jining, Shandong, to continue his religious education. In 1810, at the age of 26, Imam Chang Tingzhang was invited to lead the Wangjiaying Mosque. Imam Chang Tingzhang had deep knowledge of Arabic classics, astronomy, and medical theory. According to the Wangjiaying Gazetteer, a man named Third Master Tao from Hangzhou died in Huai'an during the Daoguang reign. Because it was the heat of summer, Imam Chang Tingzhang personally bought a boat to transport the body south along the Grand Canal to Hangzhou to fulfill his duty to the family.
+
+In 1860, the Nian Army entered Wangjiaying and burned the mosque. In 1867, Imam Dai Jingzhai, the son of Imam Dai Mingxuan, built a few thatched huts, and later, with donations from the community, a main prayer hall with three thatched rooms was constructed.
+
+Imam Chang Tingzhang passed away in 1870, and Imam Dai Jingzhai took over religious affairs. In 1884, the thatched rooms were rebuilt with tile roofs. Because Imam Chang Tingzhang had studied at the Jahriyya order's Daotang in Lingzhou, Ningxia, in his youth, the Wangjiaying Mosque later invited five successive Jahriyya imams from Ningxia to lead religious affairs and teach. Subsequent imams also went to Ningxia for further study. This made the Wangjiaying Mosque one of the nine branch centers of the Banqiao Daotang in Ningxia, maintaining a very close relationship with the Banqiao Daotang in Wuzhong, Ningxia.
+
+In 1912, the mosque built a new main gate, a south lecture hall, a kitchen, and a washroom. In 1920, with funding from the Jinshantang in Gansu and money from selling dozens of willow trees from the public cemetery, they rebuilt the three-room tiled eave structure in front of the main prayer hall and added a new three-room east lecture hall.
+
+In 1958, the Wangjiaying Mosque moved to the east side of West Ma Road in Wangying, and in 1961, it moved to its current location because a bank needed the land to build. In 1966, during the campaign to destroy the Four Olds, the main hall's plaques reading "The Way Spreads to the Central Land," "The Faith Follows the Western Regions," and "Stop at the Ultimate Good," along with the gold-lettered Arabic plaques and the couplets reading "See the invisible, hear the soundless, rectify the mind and be sincere, become a sage or a worthy, original nature;" were all smashed or burned. The couplet continued, "The Way stands, movement brings harmony, reach others through oneself, help things and help the world, all is complete," and these were also destroyed, along with funeral equipment, while the main hall was taken over by a shoe and hat factory to use as a warehouse.
+
+In 1979, under the leadership of Imam Ge Weili, the Wangjiaying Mosque was rebuilt in a traditional style, finishing in 1985, and after two more renovations and expansions in 2003 and 2006, it reached its current appearance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/be3dl4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qbu8bc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l0a22q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/93z5z1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2oww5x.jpg)
+
+Imam Ge Weili was born in 1924, went to Ningxia to study in 1937, became the imam of Wangjiaying Mosque after completing his training in 1945, served as the imam in 1966, and later became the vice president of the Jiangsu Islamic Association and president of the Huai'an Islamic Association. The religious affairs of the Wangjiaying Mosque are now handled by Imam Fan Weiming, a student of Imam Ge Weili.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/umhb6c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9qpra4.jpg)
+
+**Halal food in Wangjiaying.**
+
+The second issue of "Jiangsu Muslims" in 2016 featured an article titled "Famous Halal Products, Shops, and Foods in Huai'an," provided by the Huai'an Islamic Association, which wrote about the halal food in Wangjiaying.
+
+In 1831 (the 11th year of the Daoguang reign), after the salt administration expanded at Xiba in Wangjiaying, Imam Dai Mingxuan of the Wangjiaying Mosque opened a halal restaurant at the north end of Yushan Street, hiring the best local chefs and making it a high-end spot where many Huai'an officials and nobles held banquets.
+
+In 1860 (the 10th year of the Xianfeng reign), after the Nian Army broke through Wangjiaying, the halal restaurant and the mosque were both destroyed in the war. In 1886 (the 12th year of the Guangxu reign), with everyone's help, Imam Dai Jingzhai, the son of Imam Dai Mingxuan, reopened the halal restaurant at the North Weimen gate in Wangjiaying. The halal restaurant was forced to close after 1937, reopened after 1945, but struggled due to the following wars. After the public-private partnership in 1958, the halal restaurant merged into the Huaiyin Food and Beverage Company No. 2, with Ma Hengpu serving as manager. At the end of 1959, it moved to Beijing Road, featuring three storefront rooms in the front and four kitchen rooms in the back, with Wang Jinbiao taking over as manager. After the 1970s, Li Haiquan took over as manager and renamed it the Hui Muslims Restaurant (Huimin Fandian). In the 1980s, Ma Hengbao led the construction of a new two-story building, and Dai Peng took over as manager. In March 2003, the Hui Muslims Restaurant was restructured, the original staff were all bought out, and it became a private enterprise.
+
+The beef jerky (niupu) made by Ma Wu in Wangjiaying is also very famous. Ma Wu's real name was Ma Guowu. During the Taiping Rebellion, his grandfather Ma Xingyuan moved from Shaanxi to Mule Horse Street (Luoma Jie) in Wangjiaying and supported his family with his ancestral beef jerky craft. By Ma Wu's generation, the business grew larger, and the storefront was rebuilt from three single-story rooms into a multi-story building. Ma Wu chose only the best lean yellow beef. After cutting it into pieces, he sprinkled it with salt and saltpeter brine, rubbed it thoroughly, and put it in a vat to cure. It took one week in winter, and a few days less in other seasons before it was ready to be taken out. After taking it out of the vat, he drained the brine and put the meat into a pot. He added old brine, rock sugar, fennel, soy sauce, almonds, galangal, and over ten other ingredients. He brought it to a boil and then simmered it over low heat for 7 hours until it was done.
+
+In 1954, during the public-private partnership, Ma Wu became a worker at the Wangying Town Bean Products Factory. After the reform and opening up, he returned to his old trade until he passed away (guizhen) in February 1999 during Eid al-Adha (Jierbang Jie). None of his children inherited the family business, and the Wangjiaying Ma family beef jerky was lost from then on.
+
+After this, another Hui Muslim from Wangjiaying, Fan Weishun, put up the sign for Fan's Beef Jerky (Fanji Niupu). Fan Weishun learned to make beef jerky from his father, Fan Degao, since he was a child. He innovated the traditional curing technique and figured out methods for making tender and firm beef, as well as techniques for using high, medium, low, simmering, and intense heat. This made Fan's Beef Jerky comparable to the Ma Wu beef jerky of the past.
+
+Li's Fried Dough Sticks (Li Ji Youdatou) are an ancestral craft of the Li family, who are Hui Muslims in Wangjiaying. They put the prepared dough in a basin and use two bamboo sticks to pick it up and scrape it into a pot that is high on one side and low on the other. The finished fried dough sticks are less than 3 inches long and 3 centimeters thick. They are golden in color, crispy on the outside, tender on the inside, and have a soft texture. The dough for these fried dough sticks is softer than that used for regular fried dough sticks (youtiao), and it contains less alkali, alum, and salt.
+
+In 1956, during the joint operation of individual enterprises and workshops, the Li's Fried Dough Sticks shop was merged into the Wangying Central Store, Dahua Restaurant. After the enterprise reform in 1984, the elder Mr. Li retired. No descendants inherited the craft, and Li's Fried Dough Sticks were lost from then on.
+
+In the past, the halal pastries from the Huaiyin Hui Muslim Food Factory were very famous. They made over ten types of treats, including golden twisted dough sticks (jinsi mahua), pineapple cakes (boluo bing), and heart-shaped cakes (fanxin bing) that children loved. For the elderly, they had laughing cookies (kaikouxiao), red bean paste mooncakes (dousha yuebing), and black sesame and salt-and-pepper mooncakes (heizhima jiaoyan yuebing). Farmers also enjoyed their harvest mooncakes (fengshou yuebing) and rock sugar pastries (bingtang su).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vwrufx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l03s4s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ih82yw.jpg)
+
+**A witness to the Grand Canal**
+
+Inside the courtyard of the Huaiyin District Library in Wangjiaying, there is a tomb for Zheng Wenying, a high-ranking official from the Ryukyu Kingdom. Zheng Wenying was a high-level translator for the Ryukyu Kingdom. His ancestors were among the thirty-six families of Fujian boatmen gifted to Ryukyu by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. After these Fujian boatmen arrived in Ryukyu, they handled navigation, shipbuilding, writing and translating diplomatic documents, and trade with China. Zheng Wenying was the fifteenth generation of this family.
+
+During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tribute envoys from Ryukyu traveled along the Grand Canal to reach Beijing. In 1761, the twenty-sixth year of the Qianlong reign, the Qingkou Post Station was established in Wangjiaying. It served as an important stop for Ryukyuan tribute envoys to rest and resupply. In 1793, the fifty-eighth year of the Qianlong reign, Zheng Wenying traveled with a tribute mission from the Ryukyu Kingdom. He fell ill and passed away while passing through the Qingkou Post Station in Wangjiaying, where he was buried.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wfisyv.jpg)
+
+The site of the Governor-General of Grain Transport Office in the center of Huai'an Prefecture. This location officially became the Governor-General of Grain Transport Office in 1579, the seventh year of the Wanli reign of the Ming dynasty. In October 1945, the New Fourth Army captured Huai'an city and dismantled the main hall to transport the wood away. In August 2002, the site was excavated during urban renewal, leading to the construction of the Governor-General of Grain Transport Office Site Park.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q12uak.jpg)
diff --git a/content/China_Mosque_Travel_Guide_Jiangsu_Huai_an__Wangjiaying_Hui_Muslim_Town__Mosques.md b/content/China_Mosque_Travel_Guide_Jiangsu_Huai_an__Wangjiaying_Hui_Muslim_Town__Mosques.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed01a9b8abd3dec437bb5bed38dd7f6441c0851c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/China_Mosque_Travel_Guide_Jiangsu_Huai_an__Wangjiaying_Hui_Muslim_Town__Mosques.md
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+---
+title: "China Mosque Travel Guide Jiangsu Huai'an: Wangjiaying Hui Muslim Town, Mosques and Canal History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3012"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3012"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:55Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "16d41e2fee0f217839ca845dd9c849061fe179a1c0bd63674331a27feb83467a"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# China Mosque Travel Guide Jiangsu Huai'an: Wangjiaying Hui Muslim Town, Mosques and Canal History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Wangjiaying in Huai'an, Jiangsu, sits between the old Yellow River course and the Salt River and has long been an important Hui Muslim town. This account covers its mosque history, family stories, streets, food, and photographs as recorded in the source visit.
+
+Wangjiaying in Huai'an, Jiangsu, sits between the old Yellow River course and the Salt River. During the Ming Dynasty, the government set up the Dahe Guard in Huai'an and built ten military camps along the Yellow River. Wangjiaying was one of them. Travel on the Yellow River section of the canal was slow and dangerous, often leading to broken ropes and sunken boats. Many merchants chose to leave their boats at Qingjiangpu, cross the Yellow River at Wangjiaying, and switch to horse-drawn carriages to head north. Together, Wangjiaying and Qingjiangpu grew into a busy town.
+
+Wangjiaying survived many floods from the Yellow River and moved east three times to reach its current location. In 1831, the Viceroy of Liangjiang, Tao Peng, chose Wangjiaying as a new hub for Huai salt distribution. After that, eighteen salt warehouses and seventy-two salt offices opened in Wangjiaying. Salt boats traveled constantly along the three-hundred-mile waterway from the Huaibei salt fields to Wangjiaying.
+
+The prosperity of Wangjiaying attracted Hui Muslims to settle there. The first Hui Muslims to arrive were the Ma and Sha families, who came from Lingwu County in Ningxia by way of Shandong and Zhenjiang. Later, families named Jin, Dai, Chang, Ge, Fan, Li, and Yang also settled here.
+
+The Wangjiaying Mosque was first built during the Yongzheng era. It started as three thatched rooms next to the Lotus Pond (Hehuawang) in Wangjiapo. After Wangjiaying became a salt hub in the late Daoguang era, the mosque moved to the south bank of the Salt River. Two imams, Chang Tingzhang and Dai Mingxuan, led the religious affairs. Imam Chang Tingzhang was known as 'Third Master Chang.' He was from Jining, Shandong, and was born in 1785 in Taoyuan County, Huai'an Prefecture (now Siyang, Jiangsu). In his youth, he studied in Lingzhou (now Lingwu County, Ningxia). After finishing his studies, he traveled to Jining, Shandong, to continue learning. In 1810, the 26-year-old Imam Chang Tingzhang was invited to lead the Wangjiaying Mosque. Imam Chang Tingzhang had deep knowledge of Arabic classics, astronomy, and medicine. According to the 'Wangjiaying Records,' a man named Third Master Tao from Hangzhou died in Huai'an during the Daoguang era. Because it was the heat of summer, Imam Chang Tingzhang personally bought a boat and traveled south along the canal to take the body back to Hangzhou for the family.
+
+In 1860, the Nian Army burned down the Wangjiaying Mosque. In 1867, Imam Dai Jingzhai, the son of Imam Dai Mingxuan, led the construction of a few thatched huts. Later, with donations from the community, they built a main hall with three thatched rooms.
+
+Imam Chang Tingzhang passed away in 1870. Imam Dai Jingzhai took over, and in 1884, they replaced the thatched rooms with tiled ones. Because Imam Chang Tingzhang had studied at the Jahriyya Banqiao Daotang in Jinjipu, Ningxia, in his youth, the Wangjiaying Mosque later invited five successive imams from the Jahriyya order in Jinjipu to lead the mosque and teach. Future imams also went to Ningxia for advanced study, making the Wangjiaying Mosque one of the nine major branches of the Banqiao Daotang.
+
+In 1912, the Wangjiaying Mosque built a new gate, a south lecture hall, a kitchen, and a washroom. In 1920, with funding from the Jingshan Tang in Gansu and money from selling willow trees at the public cemetery, they rebuilt the three tiled, curved-eave rooms in front of the main hall and added three new rooms for the east lecture hall. Currently, there is a 1920 Republic of China renovation tablet on the north wall of the main hall, but the top part is covered.
+
+In 1958, the Wangjiaying Mosque moved to the east of West Horse Road in Wangying. In 1961, it moved to its current site because a bank needed the land for a building. During the destruction of the Four Olds, the main hall's plaques reading 'The Way Spreads to the Middle Land,' 'The Religion Follows the Western Regions,' and 'Striving for Perfection,' along with gold-lettered Arabic plaques and couplets, were all smashed and burned. The couplets read: 'See the invisible, hear the silent, rectify the intention and sincerity, become a saint or a sage, the original nature; The Way is established, movement brings harmony, reach others through oneself, benefit the world, all is complete.' Funeral tools were also destroyed, and the main hall was used as a warehouse by a shoe and hat factory.
+
+In 1979, under the leadership of Imam Ge Weili, the Wangjiaying Mosque was rebuilt in a traditional style. It was finished in 1985 and underwent two more renovations and expansions in 2003 and 2006 to reach its current appearance.
+
+Imam Ge Weili was born in 1924. He went to Ningxia to study in 1937. In 1945, after completing his religious training and receiving his robe, he became the imam of Wangjiaying Mosque. He took on the role of imam in 1966. Today, the religious affairs at Wangjiaying Mosque are led by Imam Fan Weiming, a student of Imam Ge Weili.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hbu2pm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1t6myp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zc43gh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4cjmqq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7hfjl7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mikdpo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y8dtjp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c4g14q.jpg)
+
+The inscription from the Republic of China era reads as follows:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dony6a.jpg)
+
+Wangying Mosque was founded during the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty. By the end of the Daoguang reign, our community was at its peak. Our population grew, our businesses thrived, and we had elders like Chang and Dai Mingxuan leading our religious affairs. They taught many students, and this history is recorded in local chronicles for all to verify. In the tenth year of the Xianfeng reign, the Nian Rebellion broke out. The mosque was burned to the ground, our people fled or died, and our community dwindled.
+
+In the sixth year of the Tongzhi reign, Dai Jingzhai, the son of Elder Dai Mingxuan, followed his father's teachings and took over the leadership. He first built a few thatched huts to hold prayers morning and evening. However, the space was too simple for proper worship. It was too small to hold gatherings. The imam was deeply worried. He raised funds from many sources and built a main hall with three rooms made of grass. Later, he consulted with Yang Xuting, Ma Yunfeng, and Guo Daosheng. With their help, they rebuilt the main tiled hall and lecture hall in the tenth year of the Guangxu reign, and things began to return to normal. As more of our people moved here, the original public cemetery became so full there was almost no space left. The imam was concerned that our community lacked its own burial ground, which made things very difficult during times of loss. He planned to buy land to solve this, and Mr. Ma Yunfeng agreed to help. Sadly, Mr. Ma passed away before the task was finished. Fortunately, Mr. Ma's brother, Runzhi, carried on his brother's wishes. With the strong support of local elder Li Yunpo, they set aside differences and raised enough money to buy two new cemetery plots. The imam's kindness to our community was thorough. This was due to the support of many public-spirited people, but it was also the result of the imam's decades of hard work and sincere devotion.
+
+In the first year of the Republic of China, we worked to continue the efforts of our predecessors by adding a main gate, a south lecture hall, and a kitchen. Mr. Ge Ziming built a washroom (shuifang) and donated hundreds of thousands in currency. We also invited Imam Wang Pinqing from Gansu Province to teach the scriptures. Visitors from all over praised the work. In recent years, wind and rain damage made the halls look like they might collapse. We met and decided to sell dozens of willow trees around the cemetery, raising over two hundred thousand. The Jinshan Hall in Gansu also kindly donated many wooden beams and tiles. We then built a three-room tiled hall with curved eaves in front of the main hall, and repaired the surrounding walls, the three-room east lecture hall, and the courtyard gates. This was a massive project funded by public property and donations. We are humble about our own contributions, but we record these details because, despite two hundred years of change, our mosque still stands. This is largely due to the efforts of our ancestors and elders. We hope future generations will remember how hard it was to build this place and will protect it forever so it never falls into ruin. This is our deepest wish. We record this history here.
+
+**July, the ninth year of the Republic of China.**
+
+**Jin Jiasheng, Jin Jialin, Guo Chunlin, Yang Fangtian**
+
+**Chang Bingkui, Li Shunjie, Chang Guanying, Mu Hongbin**
+
+**Jin Jiayuan, Ma Jianong, Fan Zhaofeng, Yang Guiyuan**
+
+**Ge Futang, Li Dianqing, Ma Jiarang, Mu Hong'en**
+
+**Ma Jialin, Ge Zhenqing, He Wenquan, Zhou Fengling**
+
+**Sha Faxiang, Liu Lianyuan, Zhou Riyang, Mu Hongye**
+
+The most famous Hui Muslim food in Wangjiaying is the fried dough snack (youtoutou) from the Hui Muslim Restaurant, made by Old Li Ku. Their version was added to the Huaiyin District intangible cultural heritage list in 2016. In 1942, Li Dongtian from Shandong brought his family to Wangjiaying to make a living. He and his son, Li Haiquan, sold their homemade fried dough snacks (youtoutou) near the Yanhe Bridge in Huaiyin while carrying trays. That is how the Huaiyin fried dough snack (youtoutou) became popular.
+
+The fried dough snack (youtoutou) is three inches long. It turns golden yellow when fried. It is delicious when wrapped in an egg and served with wheat porridge. Wheat porridge is rare in other places. It has a unique taste and includes peanuts. In Huai'an, breakfast is usually served with several types of pickles, such as pickled mustard greens (datoucai), cold tossed eggplant, tossed snow cabbage (xuelihong), and tossed green peppers. They all go well with porridge.
+
+The history of the Wangjiaying Hui Muslim Restaurant dates back to the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. After the salt administration expanded at the West Dam in Wangjiaying in 1831 (the 11th year of Daoguang), Imam Dai Mingxuan of the Wangjiaying Mosque opened a halal restaurant at the north end of Yushan Street. He hired the best chefs in Wangjiaying, making it a high-end establishment where many Huai'an officials and dignitaries held banquets.
+
+In 1860 (the 10th year of Xianfeng), after the Nian Army broke through Wangjiaying, the halal restaurant and the Wangjiaying Mosque were both destroyed in the war. In 1886 (the 12th year of Guangxu), with everyone's help, Imam Dai Jingzhai, the son of Imam Dai Mingxuan, reopened the restaurant at the North Weimen Gate of Wangjiaying. It was forced to close after 1937 due to the Japanese invasion of China, but it reopened after 1945. After the public-private partnership in 1958, the halal restaurant was merged into the Huaiyin Food and Beverage Company No. 2, with Ma Hengpu serving as manager. At the end of 1959, it moved to Beijing Road. It had three storefront rooms in the front and four kitchen rooms in the back, with Wang Jinbiao taking over as manager. After the 1970s, Li Haiquan took over as manager and renamed it the Hui Muslim Restaurant. After the 1980s, Ma Hengbao led the construction of a new two-story building, and Dai Peng took over as manager. In 2003, the Hui Muslim Restaurant was restructured into a private enterprise and has continued to operate to this day.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pktsuf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y6uwzl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a000ct.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0p28t7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mtz5am.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b12d7v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/09mhvd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fuy4jy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x9ctl1.jpg)
+
+Besides the fried dough snack (youtoutou), you should also try Huai'an spicy soup (latang) when visiting Wangjiaying. Many restaurants here serve it. Compared to Henan spicy soup (hulatang), the Huai'an spicy soup (latang) has a milder taste. It uses less ginger and pepper. It contains shredded kelp, gluten, dried tofu strips (gansi), and glass noodles (fensi). Those who prefer a light flavor can drink it as is, while those who like it stronger can add chili sauce.
+
+We drank the spicy soup (latang) at the Dachong Small Restaurant in front of the Wangjiaying Mosque and also ate beef potstickers (guotie), beef soup, and beef noodles. The potstickers (guotie) here are quite small. One serving has five, so you can order two servings. They are all pan-fried to order.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tu5rkk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8qijkn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oku7zj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0wcy9t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t1qtdq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2w9uew.jpg)
+
+The Hui Muslim shops near Wangjiaying are likely the most concentrated in all of Jiangsu Province, which shows the strength of the local faith.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q3y8xo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4ks3g9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z92eq2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7fxrhu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jhynr6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6rxu2y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qgjcws.jpg)
+
+Shops opened by Hui Muslims from Matou Town near Wangjiaying. Matou Town was once the meeting point of the Middle Grand Canal and the Li Canal. Many Hui Muslims have lived there since the Qing Dynasty. They built three mosques over time at Xiyuba Village, the mouth of the Li Canal, and the old long street at the south end of town. The current Matou Mosque was moved and rebuilt in 2008, but I did not have time to visit it on this trip.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m3xxa5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1j4arq.jpg)
diff --git a/content/China_Mosque_Travel_Guide_Jiangsu__25_Historic_Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_Heritage.md b/content/China_Mosque_Travel_Guide_Jiangsu__25_Historic_Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_Heritage.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+---
+title: "China Mosque Travel Guide Jiangsu: 25 Historic Mosques and Hui Muslim Heritage (Part 1)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3018"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3018"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:00Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "6e89ef4a4344f85a6bc53affca6338d5e90f086e44c0463c72046dd0f2880160"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# China Mosque Travel Guide Jiangsu: 25 Historic Mosques and Hui Muslim Heritage (Part 1)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This first part of the Jiangsu mosque series documents historic Hui Muslim mosque sites in northern Jiangsu, including Yanghe Mosque, Siyang Mosque, Siyang West Mosque, Shuyang Mosque, Hexia Mosque, Wangjiaying Mosque, Yancheng Mosque, and Baoying Mosque. The article preserves the original mosque names, founding dates, community histories, inscriptions, architectural details, and image order.
+
+**I am sharing the 25 historic mosque buildings I have visited in Jiangsu, moving from north to south.**
+
+**1. Suqian**
+
+1. Yanghe Mosque (Yanghesi): First built during the Qianlong reign, rebuilt after 1945.
+
+**2. Huai'an**
+
+1. Qingjiang Mosque (Qingjiangsi): First built during the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt in 1870.
+
+2. Hexia Mosque (Hexiasi): First built during the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, rebuilt in the late Qing Dynasty.
+
+3. Wangjiaying Mosque (Wangjiayingsi): First built during the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, rebuilt in 1985.
+
+**3. Yancheng**
+
+1. Yancheng Mosque (Yanchengsi): Built during the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty, renovated in 1928.
+
+**4. Yangzhou**
+
+1. Baoying Mosque (Baoyingsi): Rebuilt in 1910, rebuilt again in 2022.
+
+2. Gaoyou Mosque (Gaoyousi): Rebuilt in 1864.
+
+3. Lingtang Ancient Mosque (Lingtang Gusi): First built at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, moved to its current site in the early Qing Dynasty, rebuilt in 1924.
+
+4. Shaobo Mosque (Shaobosi): First built during the Xianfeng reign of the Qing Dynasty.
+
+5. Xianhe Mosque (Xianhesi): First built in 1275, rebuilt in 1390.
+
+6. Majian Lane Mosque (Majianxiang Libaisi): First built in 1714.
+
+7. Huihui Tang Mosque (Huihuitangsi): First built in 1275, rebuilt in 1776.
+
+**5. Zhenjiang**
+
+1. Shanxiang Mosque (Shanxiangsi): Expanded during the Kangxi reign, rebuilt in 1873.
+
+**2. Jianzi Lane Mosque (Jianzixiangsi) Ming and Qing Dynasty stone carvings.**
+
+**3. Nanmenwai Mosque (Nanmenwaisi) Qing Dynasty mihrab.**
+
+4. Xinhe Street Mosque (Xinhejie Huijiaotang): 1930.
+
+**6. Nanjing**
+
+1. Jingjue Mosque (Jingjuesi): First built during the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt in 1877.
+
+2. Original Taiping Road Mosque: First built in the early Ming Dynasty, moved and rebuilt in 2005.
+
+**3. Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque.**
+
+4. Hushu Mosque: First built in 1392, rebuilt in 1896.
+
+5. Liuhe South Gate Mosque: First built in 1403, raised and renovated in 2013.
+
+6. Liuhe Women's School: First built in 1912, rebuilt in 1930.
+
+7. Liuhe Changjiang Road Mosque: First built in 1424, rebuilt during the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty.
+
+8. Zhuzhen Mosque: Rebuilt in 1901, renovated in 2001.
+
+9. Zhuzhen Women's Mosque: First built in 1921, rebuilt in 1931.
+
+**Suqian Yanghe Town Mosque.**
+
+The Suqian Yanghe Town Mosque was first built during the Qianlong reign. It was funded by Yu Qin, a local scholar from Yanghe who had served as an education official in Lishui, Pizhou, and Ningguo, and was built on Rice Market Street in Yanghe. It was destroyed during the Japanese invasion and later rebuilt. The current main hall features a hip-and-gable roof, a post-and-lintel frame, and upturned eaves with wind bells hanging from the four corners. It was listed as a Suqian cultural heritage site in 2010.
+
+Yanghe Town Mosque belongs to the Jahriyya Banqiao Daotang. During the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty, Chang Tingzhang (1785-1870), a Hui Muslim from Siyang, Jiangsu, traveled to Lingzhou (modern-day Lingwu) in Ningxia to study. After completing his studies, he brought the Jahriyya tradition to the Huai-Si region. Chang Tingzhang was famous far and wide for his profound knowledge and had many disciples when he began teaching at the Huaiyin Wangjiaying Mosque. Since then, mosques including the Huaiyin Wangjiaying Mosque, Siyang Zhongxing Town Mosque, and Yanghe Town Mosque have all followed the Jahriyya tradition. Before 1932, the imams of Yanghe Town Mosque were all assigned from Ningxia. After 1932, Imam Ma Chengliang served until he passed away in 1979.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/foztf8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gjvof4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0lonf2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v98ad3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t75a8s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bellpz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0a4ssp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pe465n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d0y5vp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6t1krd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dhmvjd.jpg)
+
+**Huai'an Qingjiang Ancient Mosque.**
+
+Qingjiangpu in Huai'an was dredged in 1415 (the 13th year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty). It was the center of grain transport for the Grand Canal during the Ming and Qing dynasties, where grain transport ships from all provinces were built and repaired. Because navigating the Yellow River section of the canal was very dangerous, and waiting times to pass through locks in Shandong were too long, many merchants chose to leave their boats at Qingjiangpu. They would cross the Yellow River and switch to horse-drawn carriages to continue north, making Qingjiangpu a symbol of the "southern boats and northern horses" transport system.
+
+The most important pier in Qingjiangpu was next to the Yue Lock. It was called the Imperial Pier because both Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong landed there during their southern inspection tours. This was once the busiest and most prosperous place in Qingjiangpu. Hui Muslims began doing business on Yuehe Street in front of the Imperial Pier during the Ming Dynasty, and the earliest Qingjiang Ancient Mosque was built during the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty.
+
+In 1677 (the 16th year of the Kangxi reign), the Governor of the Waterways moved to Qingjiangpu, and it became the center of grain transport. In his collection of notes and stories, Golden Pot Seven Inks (Jinhu Qimo), Qing Dynasty writer Huang Junzai recorded: 'Along the Qingjiang River for over ten miles, the markets were bustling and food was abundant. People from all directions gathered here, shoulder to shoulder and wheel to wheel, in a very prosperous scene.' In 1799 (the 57th year of the Qianlong reign), the Qingjiang Mosque (Qingjiang Gusi) underwent a large-scale expansion, marking the peak of its prosperity.
+
+In 1860 (the 10th year of the Xianfeng reign), the Nian Army captured Qingjiangpu and the Qingjiang Mosque was destroyed. The imam, Ma Huanwen, sadly passed away from illness while preparing to raise funds for the mosque (nietie). Fortunately, an elder from Nanjing named Jiang Hengqing took over, organized the community to raise funds (nietie), and finally rebuilt the mosque in 1870 (the 9th year of the Tongzhi reign).
+
+In 2006, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was listed as a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level. Three historic mosques were included along the canal: the North Mosque in Linqing, the East Mosque in Linqing, and the Qingjiang Mosque in Huai'an. It can be said that the Hui Muslim community in Huai'an grew because of the canal and is inseparable from the canal's grain transport history.
+
+Looking from the opposite bank of the Li Canal, you can see the gate of the Qingjiang Mosque right next to the Imperial Wharf ruins, helping you imagine what the busy grain transport days looked like.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/56nnqv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7m7xxn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t3jmhe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bl3sow.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vhxout.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tlclk0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/59eyue.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/55o6lr.jpg)
+
+Inside the courtyard, the main prayer hall and the north wing, known as the Butterfly Hall, are Qing Dynasty structures. Beside the main hall stands a Chinese trumpet creeper (lingxiaomu) over 320 years old.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7nwozj.jpg)
+
+The main hall is a Qing Dynasty building made of two connected hard-mountain roofs (yingshanding) with a kiln-style hall (yaodian) at the back, typical of traditional Jianghuai architectural style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c749de.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ucn8n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nm5f7s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/07f49a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3s54on.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5ahiiv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jsj1v6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mmxcnk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u2hk6t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ns57f3.jpg)
+
+The north wing of the Qingjiang Mosque is called the Butterfly Hall (hudieting). This is a traditional name for garden architecture in the Jianghuai region, named because the corners of the hall curve upward like the wings of a dancing butterfly.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2ncw80.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ciuc9v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zt3t9b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nleosk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eydllx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8unpza.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/js2846.jpg)
+
+Two stone steles at the Qingjiang Mosque.
+
+The first is the 'Prohibition Edict Stele' from the 57th year of the Qianlong reign. It was written and erected by the county government to explicitly ban corruption, issued by Wu Li, the magistrate of Qinghe County, Huai'an Prefecture, Jiangnan, who held a fifth-rank title and had been commended five times.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ie5z9g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ra7iik.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zx69x1.jpg)
+
+The second is the 'Stele Record of the Rebuilding of the Mosque Main Hall' from the 9th year of the Tongzhi reign, which documents the process of rebuilding the main hall during the Tongzhi period. The inscription records donors from nineteen places: Henan, Shandong, Jinling, Yunnan, Zhili, Chuanshan, Hexia, Lixiahe, Baoying, Gaoyou, Shaobo, Xiannumiao, Taizhou, Xinghua, Dongtai, Rugao, Shuyang, the Xinzi Cavalry, and Yuanpu. Donors from Henan, Shandong, Yunnan, Zhili, and Chuanshan were mostly traveling merchants, reflecting the prosperous 'southern boats and northern horses' scene of Qingjiangpu during the Qing Dynasty. The others were local mosque communities in Jiangsu. Some, like the Shaobo mosque, have since been abandoned, offering a glimpse into the rise and fall of the Hui Muslim community in Jiangsu.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sw72nf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eduknp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aosj1i.jpg)
+
+**Ancient well**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g8yelg.jpg)
+
+**Column base**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/97ohsb.jpg)
+
+**Coffin for the deceased (tabumaiti xia)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tt6ogw.jpg)
+
+**Tombstone of Madam Yang, mother of the Ma family, from the 14th year of the Guangxu reign, and the tombstone of the Sai family of the Ma clan from Anhui.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1rbiz9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5fnu41.jpg)
+
+**Tombstone of the Sai family of the Ma clan from Anhui**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/70tm2s.jpg)
+
+**Stone railing**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r0gwzi.jpg)
+
+**Drum-shaped stone base with cypress and deer carvings (bailutu baogushi)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o7j40m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q8twim.jpg)
+
+**Hexia Mosque**
+
+Hexia Ancient Town in Huaian is the largest town on the outskirts of Huaian Prefecture. Because the salt from the coastal salt fields in Huaibei was high in both quantity and quality, many salt merchants from the northwest and Anhui came to Huaibei in the late Ming Dynasty to work in the salt industry. The Huaibei Salt Transport Branch was located in Hexia Town at the time. Salt from the fields had to be shipped to Hexia for inspection before merchants could sell it elsewhere. Hexia Town then entered its most prosperous period. Salt merchants built gardens and courtyards there. The Qing Dynasty record Huaian Hexia Annals states: Wealthy salt merchants brought their capital and made their homes in Hexia, and Hexia became extremely prosperous. The wealth brought by these salt merchants made the town's business thrive, and many Hui Muslims also came to settle in Hexia.
+
+Hexia Mosque is located south of Luojia Bridge in Hexia Town. It was first built during the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty. In 1860, during the tenth year of the Xianfeng reign, the Nian Army captured Huaian and burned down ten rooms of the mosque, which were later rebuilt. The main hall of Hexia Mosque is a Qing Dynasty structure with blue bricks, dark tiles, and upturned eaves, showing a typical Jianghuai architectural style. It was listed as a cultural relic protection unit of Huaian City in 2006.
+
+Above the main hall door hangs a chestnut wood plaque inscribed with the words Si Wu Xie (Thinking Without Evil), written by Tian Rui, the acting prefect of Huaian in the tenth year of the Daoguang reign. Plaques originally on both sides, inscribed by anti-Japanese hero Zuo Baogui and Yunnan Commander Ma Chang'an, were destroyed after the 1960s.
+
+The imam (ahong) of the mosque usually stays at a nearby beef and mutton shop. If you call the number posted on the mosque gate, he will come over to open it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/39f9vu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5i45lc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z502tw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oo59uo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s7jm3p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5k99eo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6kplf1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cnh2v2.jpg)
+
+**An ancient well dug in the early Qing Dynasty.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kilsgg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zw06ik.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xvmpvw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rdq08i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3or0hj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/28dmjz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cm2vtt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8gz01j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wheftg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bhc8bv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bzpfe2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9zmmqw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fbp54c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jiaqk6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ykf3sj.jpg)
+
+**Wangjiaying Mosque.**
+
+Wangjiaying in Huaian is located between the old course of the Yellow River and the Salt River. During the Ming Dynasty, the Dahe Guard was established in Huaian Prefecture, and ten military camps were built along the Yellow River. Wangjiaying was one of them. Because travel on the Yellow River section of the canal was slow and passing through locks was dangerous, often leading to broken cables and sunken boats, many merchants chose to leave their boats at Qingjiangpu. They would cross the Yellow River at Wangjiaying and switch to horse-drawn carriages to continue north. Wangjiaying and Qingjiangpu gradually grew into a busy town together.
+
+Wangjiaying experienced many floods from the Yellow River, and the town moved east three times before reaching its current location. In 1831, the eleventh year of the Daoguang reign, Viceroy Tao Peng chose Wangjiaying as the new distribution center for Huaian salt. After that, eighteen salt warehouses and seventy-two salt bureaus were opened in Wangjiaying. Salt boats traveled back and forth every day along the three-hundred-li waterway from the Huaibei salt fields to Wangjiaying.
+
+The prosperity of Wangjiaying attracted a steady stream of Hui Muslims to settle there. The first Hui Muslims to arrive in Wangjiaying were the Ma and Sha families, who came via Lingwu County in Ningxia, Shandong, and Zhenjiang. Later, Hui Muslims with the surnames Jin, Dai, Chang, Ge, Fan, Li, and Yang also settled here.
+
+Wangjiaying Mosque was first built during the Yongzheng reign. It started as three thatched rooms next to the Lotus Pond at Wangjiapo. After Wangjiaying became a salt distribution center in the late Daoguang reign, the mosque moved to the south bank of the Salt River, with imams Chang Tingzhang and Dai Mingxuan in charge of religious affairs. Imam Chang Tingzhang, known as Third Master Chang, was originally from Jining, Shandong. He was born in 1785, the fiftieth year of the Qianlong reign, in Taoyuan County, Huaian Prefecture, Jiangsu (now Siyang). In his youth, he studied in Lingzhou (now Lingwu County, Ningxia) and continued his religious studies in Jining, Shandong, after completing his initial training. In 1810, the fifth year of the Jiaqing reign, the 26-year-old Imam Chang Tingzhang was invited to Wangjiaying Mosque to lead religious affairs. Imam Chang Tingzhang had deep knowledge of Arabic classics, astronomy, and medical theory. According to the Wangjiaying Annals, a man named Third Master Tao from Hangzhou died in Huaian during the Daoguang reign. Because it was the heat of midsummer, Imam Chang Tingzhang personally bought a boat and traveled south along the canal to escort the body back to Hangzhou to fulfill his duty to the family.
+
+In 1860 (the 10th year of the Xianfeng reign), the Nian Army burned down the Wangjiaying Mosque. In 1867 (the 6th year of the Tongzhi reign), Imam Dai Jingzhai, the son of Imam Dai Mingxuan, built a few thatched huts. Later, with donations from the community, they built a main prayer hall with three rooms made of grass.
+
+After Imam Chang Tingzhang passed away in 1870 (the 9th year of the Tongzhi reign), Imam Dai Jingzhai took charge of religious affairs. In 1884 (the 10th year of the Guangxu reign), he replaced the grass-roofed building with a tiled one. Because Imam Chang Tingzhang had studied at the Jahriyya Banqiao Daotang in Jinjibu, Lingwu County, Ningxia, when he was young, the Wangjiaying Mosque later invited five successive Jahriyya imams from Jinjibu to lead religious services and teach. Subsequent imams also went to Ningxia for further study, making Wangjiaying Mosque one of the nine branch centers of the Banqiao Daotang.
+
+In 1912, the Wangjiaying Mosque built a new main gate, a south lecture hall, a kitchen, and a water room. In 1920, with funding from the Jinshan Tang in Gansu and money from selling dozens of willow trees from the public cemetery, they rebuilt the three-room tiled porch in front of the main hall and added three new rooms for the east lecture hall. Currently, there is a stone tablet from 1920 commemorating the Republic of China renovation on the inner north wall of the main hall, but the top part is covered.
+
+In 1958, the Wangjiaying Mosque moved to the east side of the West Horse Road in Wangying. In 1961, it moved to its current location because the land was requisitioned for a bank building. During the destruction of the Four Olds, the main hall's plaques reading "The Way Spreads in the Central Land," "The Religion Follows the Western Regions," and "Stop at the Ultimate Good," along with the gold-lettered Arabic plaques and the couplet reading "See the formless, hear the soundless, rectify the intention and be sincere, become a sage and a worthy, the original nature;" “The Way stands here, movement brings harmony, reach others through oneself, benefit the people and the world, the land is complete” were all smashed and burned. Funeral supplies were also destroyed, and the main hall was used as a warehouse by a shoe and hat factory.
+
+In 1979, under the leadership of Imam Ge Weili, the Wangjiaying Mosque was rebuilt in a traditional style. It was completed in 1985 and underwent two more renovations and expansions in 2003 and 2006, resulting in its current appearance.
+
+Imam Ge Weili was born in 1924. He went to Ningxia to study in 1937. After completing his training and receiving his credentials in 1945, he became the imam of Wangjiaying Mosque and took on the role of imam in 1966. The religious work at Wangjiaying Mosque is now handled by Imam Fan Weiming, a student of Imam Ge Weili.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y0oqtj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pry4vw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rcfaif.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l22tel.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z0nq04.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/daf5ta.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/97eaby.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jz9cve.jpg)
+
+The Republic of China era inscription reads as follows:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qt7aw6.jpg)
+
+The Wangying Mosque was founded during the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty. By the end of the Daoguang reign, our community was at its peak. The population was large, and businesses were thriving. With the old Imams Chang Tingzhang and Dai Mingxuan leading religious affairs one after another, the lecture hall was always full, and many students were trained. This is recorded in the local history and can be verified. In the Gengshen year of the Xianfeng reign, the Nian rebellion suddenly occurred. The mosque was burned to the ground, our people fled or died, and the population gradually dwindled.
+
+In the sixth year of the Tongzhi reign, Imam Dai Jingzhai, the son of the old Imam Dai Mingxuan, followed his father's teachings and took over the religious duties. He first built a few thatched huts to teach the faith morning and evening. However, for prayers, it was too simple and exposed to the elements; For gatherings, it was too small to hold everyone. The Imam was deeply worried about this. He persuaded people to donate and built a main prayer hall with three rooms made of grass. Later, he discussed it with Yang Xuting, Ma Yunfeng, and Guo Daosheng. With their help, in the tenth year of the Guangxu reign, they rebuilt the tiled main hall and lecture halls, and things began to return to normal. As more of our people lived here, the original public cemetery became crowded, and after many years, there was almost no space left. The Imam was concerned that there were few cemeteries for the community, and whenever a major funeral occurred, it was difficult to manage. He planned to buy a piece of land to provide for the future. He got the agreement of Mr. Ma Yunfeng, but before the matter was finished, Mr. Ma passed away. What a pity! Fortunately, Mr. Ma's brother, Runzhi, carried out his brother's wishes. With the strong support of the village elder Mr. Li Yunpo, they set aside differences, raised funds, and bought two new cemeteries. The benefits provided by the imam (ahong) to our people are thorough and complete. This is largely due to the support of those passionate about public welfare, but it is also the result of the imam's decades of solitary, painstaking effort and his sincere devotion.
+
+In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), we worked to continue the legacy of our predecessors by adding a main gate, a south lecture hall, and a kitchen. Mr. Ge Ziming funded the construction of the washroom (shuifang) with a donation of several hundred thousand. We also invited Imam Wang Pinqing from Gansu Province to teach scripture. Visitors from all over who came here always spoke highly of him. In recent years, wind and rain have damaged the buildings, and the main hall is at risk of collapsing. We met to discuss the situation and sold dozens of willow trees from the perimeter of the cemetery, raising over two hundred thousand. We also received a donation of many roof tiles and timber pieces from the Jinshan Hall in Gansu. We then built three tiled, curved-eave rooms in front of the main hall and fully repaired the surrounding walls, the three-room east lecture hall, and the courtyard of the inner gate. This massive project was completed through a combination of public funds and donations from afar. We feel ashamed that we lack the personal wealth to do more, but we share these details because, despite two hundred years of constant change, our mosque still stands tall. This is largely due to the efforts of our ancestors and village elders. We sincerely hope that future generations will remember the hardships of those who built this place and preserve it forever so it may last without decline. We have recorded the full story here.
+
+**July, the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920).**
+
+**Jin Jiasheng, Jin Jialin, Guo Chunlin, Yang Fangtian.**
+
+**Chang Bingkui, Li Shunjie, Chang Guanying, Mu Hongbin.**
+
+**Jin Jiayuan, Ma Jianong, Fan Zhaofeng, Yang Guiyuan.**
+
+**Ge Futang, Li Dianqing, Ma Jiarang, Mu Hong'en.**
+
+**Ma Jialin, Ge Zhenqing, He Wenquan, Zhou Fengling.**
+
+**Sha Faxiang, Liu Lianyuan, Zhou Riyang, Mu Hongye.**
+
+**Yancheng Mosque.**
+
+Yancheng Mosque is located on Xicang Lane (historically called Xicang) in the Yancheng urban area. It was first built during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty as three thatched rooms by five Hui Muslim families: the Ha, Huo, Ding, Liu, and Xue families. It was expanded in 1720 (the 59th year of the Kangxi reign) and rebuilt again in 1928 into the current brick-and-wood main hall.
+
+The Republic-era 'Continued Records of Yancheng County' states: 'The mosque is located on Xicang Street in the city. It was founded during the Ming Yongle period. In the 59th year of the Qing Kangxi reign, land was purchased to expand it, and it was renamed the Mosque (Qingzhensi). Recently, it was renamed the Hui Church (Huijiaotang). The leader of the faith is called an imam (ahong).' In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the Yancheng branch of the Jiangsu Islamic Association was established. In the 18th year (1929), it was renamed the Yancheng branch of the Chinese Islamic Association.
+
+During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Yancheng Mosque suffered two disasters. On March 30, 1938, it was bombed by the Japanese military. On April 26 of the same year, the Japanese military occupied Yancheng and set fire to the city. Except for the main hall, which survived, all other buildings were destroyed.
+
+The main hall of Yancheng Mosque features traditional Jiangsu architectural style, with flying eaves in the front and a kiln-style niche (yaowo) in the back. The main hall still preserves the original wood-carved circular frame featuring a dua, which is very exquisite. According to Imam Xue Long from Zhenjiang, the inscriptions on the top and bottom of the main hall plaque use Arabic, Persian, and Xiao'erjing. They translate to: Completed on an auspicious day in the eighth lunar month of the 17th year of the Republic of China, respectfully erected by Abdullah Yang Luji. This is very precious.
+
+The imam of Yancheng Mosque from 1936 to 1979 was Bai Hanzhang. Imam Bai was from Minquan, Henan. He graduated from the Beijing Niujie Islamic Institute in 1922. Later, he served as an imam in Jurong, Zhenjiang, and Nantong, Jiangsu. He became the imam of Yancheng Mosque in 1936 and served there until he passed away in 1979.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jy64ig.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/llglsi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h8mhbu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s7tie9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kr54pk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ime7f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m0xni4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o2yswj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jolvhq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1asdqc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mmg3g4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z4dhk1.jpg)
+
+**Baoying Mosque**
+
+Baoying Mosque was originally located in Guojia Lane inside the east gate of the county town. Its founding date is unknown. It was rebuilt in 1910 (the second year of the Xuantong reign) at the entrance of Luoxiang Lane at the foot of the south city wall. With the help of Tao, the wife of anti-Japanese hero Zuo Baogui, and led by Imam Zhao Dezhai and others, many people including the Gao Mu Ma Jin family from Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Huaiyin, Yangzhou, Yancheng, and Baoying raised funds to complete it in 1914. Baoying Mosque closed after 1958. It was rebuilt on the original site in 2002 and officially opened in 2006.
+
+Baoying Mosque still has the water well dug during the 1910 construction and the ginkgo tree planted at that time. Imam Li at the mosque is from Siyang, Jiangsu. He usually runs the nearby Li's Beef and Mutton shop. If you want to enter the mosque, just call the number on his door. Imam Li is very welcoming. He says that Baoying Mosque still has some local Gao Mu who come to the mosque for Friday Jumu'ah prayers, which is better than some mosques where almost all the attendees are friends (dost) from the Northwest. Imam Li comes from the Zhepai Banqiao Daotang, but he treats all sects equally, and the religious community in Baoying County is very united.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w3xtsa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sbt3gv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zfz6g8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oxdsro.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hifnqe.jpg)
+
diff --git a/content/China_Mosque_Travel_Guide_Linyi__Matou_Mosque__Southern_Shandong_Hui_Muslims_and.md b/content/China_Mosque_Travel_Guide_Linyi__Matou_Mosque__Southern_Shandong_Hui_Muslims_and.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72eb4ede75f3fe27609b4ad734ac064cd8103428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/China_Mosque_Travel_Guide_Linyi__Matou_Mosque__Southern_Shandong_Hui_Muslims_and.md
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+---
+title: "China Mosque Travel Guide Linyi: Matou Mosque, Southern Shandong Hui Muslims and Ramadan Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3083"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3083"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:52Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "730b4989546ec7fc9887e5c406a9f850d1d7d54ffcb59b33854c5e0d99784a62"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# China Mosque Travel Guide Linyi: Matou Mosque, Southern Shandong Hui Muslims and Ramadan Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This China mosque travel guide visits Matou Town in Tancheng County, Linyi, the Ming-era Matou Mosque built in 1405, the Hui Muslim community around it, mosque calligraphy halls, local halal food, Linyi grilled meat, pancakes with lamb chops, and Ramadan suhoor memories.
+
+While driving south through Linyi City, Shandong Province this year, I learned about a large Ming Dynasty mosque in Matou Town, Tancheng County. I drove for nearly an hour from downtown Linyi to reach Matou Town.
+
+**Matou Town**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wt1g16.jpg)
+
+Matou Town is an ancient Muslim town and a community where Hui Muslims live. The town is full of halal shops, and I even saw a Muslim martial arts school.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uz2v9w.jpg)
+
+The storefronts here still keep the traditional style of North China.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ucg0rs.jpg)
+
+After walking through several small alleys, I found the Matou Mosque inside the village.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x958dx.jpg)
+
+Matou Mosque was first built during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty (1405). It covers 13 mu of land and is the largest mosque in northern Jiangsu and southern Shandong. It is well-preserved and is currently a cultural relic protection unit of Shandong Province.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1ygxhn.jpg)
+
+In the courtyard just inside the gate, there are several stones gifted by elders from different places.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gexgdn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mj097x.jpg)
+
+There are several traditional calligraphy and painting exhibition halls in the courtyard. This is the first hall, and there is a second hall, both displaying non-religious artworks.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j1fmo5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yw8d9b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b6khh3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s28efk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cbdrq1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/th8n4a.jpg)
+
+Inside the mosque, there is a monument to an anti-Japanese hero, Zhang Hongyi, who was a Hui Muslim. Zhang Hongyi served as the political commissar of the Southern Shandong Independent Detachment and was known as the political commissar of the Railway Guerrillas. He died in 1945 while fighting against Japanese and puppet troops. The martyr Zhang Hongyi is buried in the Martyrs' Cemetery in Feixian County, Linyi City.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ao8oa2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uf09n8.jpg)
+
+There is also a women's prayer hall here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eav8ua.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/squgjz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i69fwd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m8yj8x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g3u5dc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e04amv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4xhi3c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bcfh41.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tr3ral.jpg)
+
+This ancient well was built in the third year of the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. In 1939, General Luo Ronghuan led the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army into Tancheng. Eighth Route Army liaison officer Zhai Xinya, guided by a Hui youth named Lan Zhaofa, used the excuse of inviting an imam to slaughter a cow to enter the mosque's well pavilion. Under the cover of night, they took a shortcut to approach the enemy's blockhouse, destroyed the 'turtle shell' fortification, and successfully persuaded 360 puppet soldiers to surrender. Because of this, Lan Zhaofa honorably joined the Matou Hui Detachment.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7jaloh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/atk15u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y0vgkd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/24ymrn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ai4fxz.jpg)
+
+There are several pieces of calligraphy on the walls of the corridor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b47tj5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0ebxds.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v63ent.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ga9cj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cp8noi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tmwvp9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/18qcrt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5kvrgd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/geome8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/szgtkd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wuzutp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pr3web.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5spu80.jpg)
+
+There is a Hui Muslim culture exhibition hall in the courtyard, but it does not have any exhibits inside yet.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yf47mx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iqtuj0.jpg)
+
+The list of donations (niyati) specifically marks our Han Chinese brothers and sisters.
+
+**Nanbeidao Mosque**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ghauh0.jpg)
+
+Nanbeidao Mosque in downtown Linyi was first built during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. After being rebuilt many times, it is now a modern building. It has a floor area of 1,235 square meters and a total site area of 8,995 square meters. The area around the mosque is filled with halal beef and mutton shops.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lrq7v6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/62uqvq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fvhyds.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vnendm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wn2yds.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/88784w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sip79o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/em206o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vgpsek.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t78vfk.jpg)
+
+Nanbeidao was formed by merging Nandao Village and Beidao Village, and this area is also a residential community for Hui Muslims.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/te8rxw.jpg)
+
+**Linyi Minzu Restaurant Main Branch**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7uc2bs.jpg)
+
+Our friends in Linyi invited us to eat local Linyi specialties at the largest halal restaurant in the city. This is also where Hui Muslims hold weddings. I heard this is not even the largest location, as the flagship store of Minzu Restaurant is even bigger. The owner is a local Hui Muslim and a classmate of my friend.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ufwlm9.jpg)
+
+Linyi University is also super huge. It is known as one of the largest universities in Asia, covering an area of over 6,000 mu. Linyi University once offered Arabic language courses, but they have now canceled all minor language courses, not just Arabic.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c9urxq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/at18i0.jpg)
+
+The people of Linyi seem to have an obsession with being big. The portions of food here are also huge. The four of us, plus a baby, ordered four dishes and only finished half of them.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1p323k.jpg)
+
+Stir-fried chicken (chaoji) is a must-eat in Linyi. You can find stir-fried chicken shops everywhere, but most of them are not halal.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o9hzgq.jpg)
+
+Fahim especially likes eating Linyi pancakes (jianbing). We ate every bit of this plate of pancakes rolled with lamb chops.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jzzio5.jpg)
+
+I originally wanted to drink some meat porridge (sa) in the morning, but during Ramadan, the shops were not open yet after we finished our pre-dawn meal (suhoor). It is best to drink the first pot of meat porridge around 5 a.m.
+
diff --git a/content/China_Mosque_Travel_Guide_Nanjing__Old_South_City__Liuhe_and_Zhuzhen_Mosques__Pa.md b/content/China_Mosque_Travel_Guide_Nanjing__Old_South_City__Liuhe_and_Zhuzhen_Mosques__Pa.md
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+++ b/content/China_Mosque_Travel_Guide_Nanjing__Old_South_City__Liuhe_and_Zhuzhen_Mosques__Pa.md
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+---
+title: "China Mosque Travel Guide Nanjing: Old South City, Liuhe and Zhuzhen Mosques (Part 1)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3015"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3015"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:50Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "c59f378d29007ca578caf08c1dbd67735b67c0d786803384a90fb414557ebf6e"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# China Mosque Travel Guide Nanjing: Old South City, Liuhe and Zhuzhen Mosques (Part 1)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** The first part of the Nanjing mosque journey focuses on Jingjue Mosque, Caoqiao Mosque, Taiping Road Mosque, and other historic Muslim sites in the old city. This account keeps the original mosque names, inscriptions, dates, architecture, street context, and photographs.
+
+**Jingjue Mosque.**
+
+Jingjue Mosque is located on Sanshan Street in the south of Nanjing. It was originally called Sanshan Street Mosque. During the Jiajing era of the Ming Dynasty, it was given the name Jingjue Mosque, making it the first mosque in Nanjing during the Ming period.
+
+One account says Jingjue Mosque was built in 1388 (the 21st year of the Hongwu era) by imperial order to house officials from the Western Regions who had submitted to the Ming, such as Yibulajin and Kemaluding. Another account says it was built in 1392 (the 25th year of the Hongwu era) by imperial order of Saihazhi, a seventh-generation descendant of Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din. Both accounts are supported by stone inscriptions from the Ming Dynasty.
+
+According to a 1493 (the 5th year of the Hongzhi era) inscription titled 'Record of the Two Imperial Mosques Built in the South of the City of Yingtian Prefecture in Jiangnan,' it states: 'In the 21st year of the Hongwu era, Yibulajin, Kemaluding, and others, originally from the Rumi Kingdom in the Western Regions, submitted to China along with the Duke of Song after the conquest of Jinshan and Kaiyuan... Therefore, two mosques were built to settle them, and Kemaluding and four other households were assigned to live at the Wangyue Tower Jingjue Mosque.' The family genealogies of two Hui Muslim branches with the surname Ma, known as 'Weiyitang' and 'Baojitang' in Hushu, Nanjing, both record that they are descendants of Ma Gutai and Ma Baihao, who were settled at Jingjue Mosque at that time.
+
+According to a 1405 (the 3rd year of the Yongle era) inscription at the Great Mosque on Huajue Lane in Xi'an, 'On the 14th day of the third month of the 25th year of the Hongwu era, Saihazhi, the seventh-generation descendant of the Prince of Xianyang Sayyid Ajjal, went to the inner court to announce the imperial decree: On that day at the Fengtian Gate, the imperial decree was received:...build two mosques in two locations, one at the copper workshop on Sanshan Street in Yingtian Prefecture, Nanjing, and one on Ziwu Lane in Chang'an County, Xi'an Prefecture, Shaanxi Province.' The 'Genealogy of the Sayyid Ajjal Family' records that Saihazhi was granted the hereditary title of Marquis of Xianning, and 'When the Ming Taizu established the capital in Jinling, he entrusted Saihazhi to build a mosque in Jinling.' After the work was finished, he built the Great Mosque in Chang'an. When the Tiemao Lane Mosque in Taicang, Jiangsu, was renovated in the 1980s, a stone tablet was found inside a wall, revealing that the Taicang mosque was also built by Saihazhi.
+
+Additionally, according to the Republic of China era 'Zhongnan Huaibei Regional Gazetteer,' 'North of the street is Jingjue Mosque. Wu Ru, a man from the Western Regions during the Ming Dynasty, came to China to serve in the Imperial Astronomical Bureau. He lived in Nanjing and built this mosque next to his residence.' Therefore, Jingjue Mosque may have originally been part of Wu Ru's residence.
+
+Jingjue Mosque was destroyed by fire in 1430 (the 5th year of the Xuande era), and Zheng He requested its reconstruction before his seventh voyage to the Western Oceans. According to the 'Record of the Imperial Eunuch Zheng He Rebuilding the Mosque,' it states: 'Your request has been received: The mosque on Sanshan Street in Nanjing has been burned down.' 'You wish to rebuild it to pray for the safety of the funds, grain, people, and ships for your voyage. This shows your respectful heart, so how could it be neglected?' 'As an imperial envoy, since you have set your heart on this, how could your wish be abandoned?' 'If the personnel and materials you use are insufficient, and the project is delayed, you may draw what is needed from the Nanjing Directorate of Palace Servants and the Ministry of Works so that it can be completed in time for you to wait for the favorable winds to set sail. This is the decree.'
+
+During the Taiping Rebellion, most of the bricks, tiles, and wood from Jingjue Mosque were taken down to build a local government office. The mosque was rebuilt in 1877 (the third year of the Guangxu reign) and renovated in 1879 (the fifth year of the Guangxu reign), which created its current layout. In the early years of the Republic of China, a wealthy Nanjing couple, Jiang Xiudong and his wife, paid to build the north and south lecture halls and the main hall. The mosque was repaired again in 1957. After the 1960s, a rubber company and the No. 3 Rubber Factory occupied the mosque. They tore down the only remaining Ming Dynasty brick and stone archway and the Butterfly Hall (hudieting), and destroyed many plaques, couplets, and stone tablets. The mosque was repaired in 1982, reopened in 1983, and the archway was rebuilt in 1985.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e8yz3z.jpg)
+
+During the Ming Dynasty, the main prayer hall of Jingjue Mosque had 81 rooms and was built with nanmu wood. The current main hall was rebuilt in 1877 (the third year of the Guangxu reign). Its floor plan projects outward at the rear, like a raised middle section, and it uses a traditional post-and-beam wooden frame. The main hall and the opposite hall are linked by a covered corridor, forming a straight central axis with halls at both ends. This layout is typical of Jiangnan architecture. The mihrab was moved here from the original mosque on Xiaowangfu Lane, and the surrounding wooden carvings of scripture were added in 2001.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4smwvz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hudrdn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xeul8v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tcc2l3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cvw9jw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/igzyk4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hvr9so.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ra7d9e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uqp1s3.jpg)
+
+The back of the prayer hall connects directly to a high wall. This is a typical feature of Jianghuai courtyard-style architecture, which is very rare in the north.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4wm7my.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/665570.jpg)
+
+During renovations in 2007, the main hall was raised by one meter. Workers dug two meters deep and found Ming Dynasty glazed tiles, brick carvings, stone railings, and huge Ming Dynasty stone column bases. These bases were twice as wide as those from the Guangxu period.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ue0t3x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9l4ngk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z2ck2r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w6qav7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tymq9s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ayimp0.jpg)
+
+The only remaining Ming Dynasty structures, the brick and stone archway and the Butterfly Hall, were both torn down in the 1960s. The archway was rebuilt in 1985, the Butterfly Hall in 2004, and a new stele pavilion was built in 1996.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pakbcc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q75kax.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6wo28g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u2np99.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kvghe3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dn42gh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/42ddgn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1uvq5r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ywkr4g.jpg)
+
+**The only Jahriyya mosque in Nanjing.**
+
+Inside Jingjue Mosque, there is a stone tablet from 1891 titled 'Dahua Guizhen'. It records how Wu Defa followed his father Wu Dasong's final wish and donated the back part of their family home at 59 Shigu Road (formerly Xiaofuyuxiang) to establish the Shigu Road Mosque. The tablet mentions two Jahriyya imams, Fan Yuncai and Zhan Fengxiang. Witnesses included neighbors surnamed Chen, Cai, Zhou, and Yu; fellow Muslims surnamed Sun, Li, Wu, Zhan, Zong, and Jin; close relatives surnamed Ha, Ma, and Mai; and clan members surnamed Wu. This tablet was originally kept at the Shigu Road Mosque. After that mosque was torn down in 1986 for road expansion, the tablet was moved to Jingjue Mosque.
+
+Shigu Road Mosque is the only Jahriyya mosque in Nanjing. In the late years of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, a Hui Muslim named Wu from Taiyuan, Shanxi, who followed the Jahriyya (Zhepai) order, settled on Shigu Road in Nanjing. Influenced by him, followers of the Jahriyya order (Zhepai gaomu) began to appear around Shigu Road, Sanmaogong, and Nantai Lane in Nanjing, and most of them worked in the fish fry farming industry. At first, the Nanjing Jahriyya followers performed their worship at the Wuxueyuan Mosque (Yuan Mosque) near Shigu Road. During the Taiping Rebellion, the Wuxueyuan Mosque was destroyed by war, so the followers moved their worship to the Fengfu Road Mosque. Because their practice of loud chanting (gaosheng zannian) was different, Wu Defa later invited the Jahriyya followers to perform worship at his own home on Shigu Road, and in 1891 (the 17th year of the Guangxu reign), the Shigu Road Mosque was finally established.
+
+The Nanjing Jahriyya order belongs to the Beishan menhuan. The Beishan menhuan is centered in Beishan, Zhangjiachuan, Gansu. Its leader, Ma Yuanzhang, was well-read, proficient in both Islamic scriptures and Chinese classics, and adopted the ideas of Liu Jielian to interpret Islam through Confucianism. After the Shigu Road Mosque was built, Fan Yuncai and Zhan Fengxiang from the Beishan menhuan served as imams. Imam Fan Yuncai was from Siyang, Jiangsu. During the Republic of China era, his son Fan Zhaofa opened the Faji Carriage Company in Nanjing, which was very successful. In 1905, Wu Wenlian, the grandson of Nanjing's Wu Defa, went to Gansu to study scriptures. After completing his studies in 1911, he was appointed by Ma Yuanzhang to serve as the imam of the Shigu Road Mosque.
+
+After the Beishan order leader Ma Yuanzhang passed away (guizhen) in 1920, his nephew Ma Dianwu took over the religious affairs. It was still called the Beishan menhuan, overseeing over 100 mosques in places like Zhangjiachuan, Tianshui, and Longnan in Gansu, Qiqihar in Heilongjiang, Runan in Henan, and Long County in Shaanxi. Nanjing's Shigu Road was its only mosque in East China.
+
+In 1937, Ma Dianwu appointed Imam Su Ziying from Zhangjiachuan, Gansu, to serve as the imam of the Shigu Road Mosque. Imam Su actively visited other mosques, connected with community elders, and promoted education, which helped the Shigu Road Mosque flourish and trained more than 20 students (hailifa). In 1953, Imam Yang Junwen succeeded as the imam of the Shigu Road Mosque. In 1958, the Shigu Road Mosque closed, and Imam Yang Junwen became an imam at the Fengfu Road Mosque. After that, Imam Yang no longer maintained contact with the Beishan menhuan, and his worship practices gradually merged with the Gedimu order.
+
+In 1986, the Shigu Road Mosque was demolished due to road widening. Although the mosque closed, some descendants of the Nanjing Jahriyya followers still held firmly to their worship. For example, Fan Songshou, a descendant of Imam Fan Wencai, made a living running a tofu shop. Even in his nineties, he insisted on performing the five daily prayers (namaz) without fail. In his old age, he still insisted on fasting (zhai), and in the 1960s, he continued to volunteer to wash and bury the deceased and help with funeral arrangements.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8zaqh2.jpg)
+
+Plaque inscriptions at Jingjue Mosque:
+
+Only pure, only one: Erected on an auspicious day in the first month of summer in the Gengyin year, the 16th year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing Dynasty, by the Commander of the Jiujiang Garrison in Jiangxi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/11llvb.jpg)
+
+Rectify the heart and be sincere: Erected in June of the 11th year of the Republic of China by members of the Nanjing Islamic Association.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rfpg58.jpg)
+
+The stele from the 47th year of the Qianlong reign records the four boundaries of Jingjue Mosque. To the east, there was a shop for rent, and to the west, a shop in Maxiang Alley was rented out as a flower shop. The elders who donated funds included those with the surnames Chen, Ma, Wu, Jin, Zheng, and Sha.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/07ctk7.jpg)
+
+The stele from the 18th year of the Guangxu reign records that Imam Ma donated his own land next to the mosque to build the main prayer hall and the water room (wudu area).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vox5vn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y8h6ud.jpg)
+
+Jingjue Mosque houses a memorial stele for Ma Yitang, a Hui Muslim merchant from Nanjing who worked in Shanghai. It was inscribed in 1931 by Ma Fuxiang, a famous Beiyang general who was then the Chairman of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission.
+
+Ma Yitang was born in 1869. His ancestors ran a money shop outside Jubao Gate in Nanjing, and the family owned the Ma Yulong Satin and Fan Shop. With Shanghai as his base, Ma Yitang expanded his business to include domestic and foreign general merchandise. He set up branches in Chengdu and Chongqing, and his goods were sold as far away as the Tibetan regions. Ma Yitang was devoted to the faith. He served as a director for the North Mosque and West Mosque in Shanghai and helped fund the founding of the Hanximen Girls' School and the Zhuganxiang Girls' School in Nanjing. In 1909, Ma Yitang became a special consultative director for the Shanghai Islamic Board of Directors, participating in all its decisions. In 1921, he was responsible for the expansion of the Shanghai Xiaoshadu Mosque (now the Huxi Mosque).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0jaygu.jpg)
+
+Jingjue Mosque houses a notice stele from the 15th year of the Republic of China regarding the Shangfuqiao Mosque, issued by the Western District Police Station of the Jiangsu Provincial Capital Police Department. It records that the police stepped in to protect the Shangfuqiao Mosque and the Dajiaoxiang Mosque to uphold the rights of the faith. The petitioners included Hui Muslims with the surnames Bai, Tao, Pu, Ma, Yuan, Liang, Wei, and Jin.
+
+Shangfuqiao Mosque was located in Chuanban Alley and was first built in 1662 (the first year of the Kangxi reign). It was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion in the Xianfeng era and rebuilt in 1876 (the second year of the Guangxu reign). Later, it was occupied by Nanjing No. 62 Middle School, and the notice stele was moved into Jingjue Mosque. Dajiaoxiang Mosque was first built in 1874 (the 13th year of the Tongzhi reign). The mosque once housed trade associations for the pavilion decoration, wedding, and fried rice industries. It was later occupied by a factory and eventually demolished.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yrxtd1.jpg)
+
+Jingjue Mosque houses a Qing Dynasty stone carving from the Neiqiaowan Mosque, which was rescued from under an excavator during the demolition of Neiqiaowan in 2019.
+
+Neiqiaowan Mosque was located on Zhongshan South Road. One account says it was first built in 1645 (the second year of the Shunzhi reign), while another says it was built in 1662 (the first year of the Kangxi reign). In 1898 (the 24th year of the Guangxu reign), Shi Jialiang bought a group of houses in Neiqiaowan to rebuild the main prayer hall. The Shi family came from Wuwei, Gansu. They moved to Nanjing during the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty to expand the silk trade. They later became a famous silk-trading family in Nanjing and founded the Shijuxing Silk Firm during the Daoguang reign. The Shi family moved to Shanghai during the Guangxu reign and were members of the Shanghai mosque board of directors.
+
+Neiqiaowan Mosque once housed a primary school and the Glutinous Rice Food Industry Guild. It was demolished in 1991 to widen the road.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lkzhec.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0fhxfi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sfsepo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c9x235.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ip0a40.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/81kgcy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fn819g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3gcbxo.jpg)
+
+**The former Taiping Road Mosque.**
+
+Because the Jiangsu Hotel expanded to Taiping Road, the main hall and opposite hall of the Taiping Road Mosque were moved 40 meters south of the old Caoqiao Mosque in 2003. The project was completed in 2005.
+
+Taiping Road Mosque was originally called Huapailou Mosque. Legend says it was built by Chang Yuchun in the early Ming Dynasty. It was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion and later rebuilt with funds raised by elders from the Ha, Ma, Zheng, Yang, Ding, and Chang families. Ma Jingtao led its renovation during the Tongzhi reign. In 1924, wealthy Nanjing merchants and brothers Jiang Muzhou and Jiang Sukan (Guobang) donated money to rebuild a new mosque on the south side, which was still called Huapailou Mosque. When the road was widened in 1931, the gate tower was demolished. Huapailou was renamed Taiping Road, and Huapailou Mosque was renamed Taiping Road Mosque.
+
+After the victory in the War of Resistance in 1945, the Jiang family of Jinling funded the renovation of the main hall and built the Jiang Family Shouxuan Hall in the north courtyard. That same year, the China Islamic National Salvation Association moved into Taiping Road Mosque and changed its name to the China Islamic Association. Its first chairman was Bai Chongxi. It was the highest Islamic organization in the country at the time until it moved to Taipei in 1949. After the 1960s, the Taiping Road Mosque was occupied. It was reclaimed in 1978, reopened in 1980, and named a municipal cultural relic protection unit in 1982. It was demolished in 2003, and the components of the main hall and opposite hall were moved to a new site.
+
+Because the daily expenses of Taiping Road Mosque were paid by the wealthy Jiang family of Jinling, it was the richest mosque in Nanjing during the Republic of China era. The Jiang family of Jinling originally came from Yuncao Ancient Town in Hanshan County, Anhui. They moved to Nanjing in 1808 (the 13th year of Jiaqing). They started as small vendors and later expanded into the silk, salt, and pawn industries. During the Guangxu reign, they opened branches in major commercial ports and became a wealthy merchant family.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1ufovt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c0gggm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vhoj8f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/91aew0.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e4o4bz.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hxu1rm.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eimbfi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/04pm7p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qyb9gr.jpg)
+
+The opposite hall of the former Taiping Road Mosque served as the office for the chairman of the China Islamic Association between 1945 and 1949, where Bai Chongxi once worked.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u3n45f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4blcmp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2ci65p.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ysem80.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gdpd80.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/10v74p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/je8obw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9v4dyr.jpg)
+
+The brick carving of 'Washing the Heart and Looking at the Palace' (xixin zhanque) from the water room of the former Taiping Road Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/darxyv.jpg)
+
+The former Taiping Road Mosque collected the 'Postscript to the Mother's Filial Piety Arch' written by Jiang Guobang. It records that the father of the wealthy Nanjing merchant Jiang Guobang lost his own father early and was raised by his mother, Madam Ma. In 1911 (the third year of the Xuantong reign), he petitioned to build a memorial arch for his mother's filial piety. Due to the change in government, it was finally completed in 1914.
+
+Jiang Guobang came from the wealthy Jiang merchant family of Jinling, but he cared little for fame or wealth and dedicated himself to the study of traditional Chinese culture. Jiang Guobang was very filial. To provide his mother with a good place to spend her later years, he spent a large sum of money to buy the Xiaowanliu Hall by West Lake in Hangzhou. He later named it Jiang Manor (Jiangzhuang), which was one of the three major manors on West Lake at that time. In 1924, Jiang Guobang oversaw the reconstruction of Taiping Road Mosque and later built the memorial arch for his mother's filial piety inside the mosque. The arch no longer exists today, and only the stone tablet record remains.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0iig5m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0d4uwz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hh6rm9.jpg)
+
+The well railing from the Qing Dynasty and a stone tablet from the Guangxu reign at Caoqiao Mosque. Caoqiao Mosque was first built during the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty. It was destroyed by fire during the Taiping Rebellion and rebuilt in the early years of the Tongzhi reign. Because it was located in Qijiawan, a neighborhood where Hui Muslims lived, Caoqiao Mosque once had the largest number of congregants in Nanjing. Historically, Caoqiao Mosque had no property of its own. Its daily expenses were covered by the Beef and Leather Trade Association, which was based inside the mosque. After 1958, Caoqiao Mosque was occupied and later rented to the Nanjing Woodworking Factory, which caused serious damage. The mosque property was returned in 1985 but never reopened, and it was demolished in 2003.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fazwp1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s8p7na.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c48odx.jpg)
+
+**The Jiang Family Courtyard in Laomendong.**
+
+In the Laomendong scenic area of Nanjing, there is a residence called Jishan Hall belonging to the wealthy Hui Muslim merchant family, the Jiangs of Jinling. It is currently located at 18 and 20 Santiaoying. The residence was open for visits before, but unfortunately, it was closed when we went.
+
+The Jiang family of Jinling originally came from Yuncao, an ancient town in Hanshan County, Anhui. They moved to Nanjing in 1808 (the 13th year of the Jiaqing reign) and started out as small vendors. After the Taiping Rebellion was suppressed in 1864 (the third year of the Tongzhi reign), the Jiang family used sailboats to transport salt from the Lianghuai salt fields to the Yangtze River coast. On their return trips, they brought back large quantities of daily necessities, which helped them build their fortune. Later, they opened the Chunshengjian firm to trade in satin, and their reputation spread throughout the southwestern provinces.
+
+Jiang Shoushan, also known as Changcheng, was a key figure of the Jinling Jiang family in the late Qing Dynasty. He owned the Deda Soy Sauce Shop in Nanjing, the Guangda Oil Mill in Liuhe, and the Chunyuan Oil Firm in Hankou. In 1875 (the first year of the Guangxu reign), the government named his residence Jishantang (Hall of Accumulated Goodness) and the street outside Jishanli (Alley of Accumulated Goodness) to honor his charity work, which included building bridges, paving roads, giving porridge to the poor, and helping those in need.
+
+Beyond his business success, the Jiang family was also very devoted to their faith. Jiang Shoushan's father, Jiang Hanchen, wrote in the preface to the religious book 'Guizhen Yaodao' (Essential Path to Returning to the Truth), which he edited for his fourth son Jiang Changsong: 'Building wealth from nothing through business is all due to the grace of Allah.' During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the Jiang family made significant contributions to the faith. They led the construction of the Wuxi Mosque and the Xixin Pavilion at the Huashen Mosque in Nanjing, rebuilt the Huapailou (Taiping Road) Mosque in Nanjing, expanded the Taipingfang Mosque in Suzhou, renovated the Hanximen Mosque and Jingjue Mosque in Nanjing and the Jinshifang Street Mosque in Beijing, and also established a charity school in the southern suburbs of Nanjing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4szhd3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kd8u8z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jojznk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/siapq7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q59xkv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4shc6q.jpg)
+
+**Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque**
+
+The Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque was built in the late Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty. It is one of the few remaining old buildings among the 33 traditional Hui Muslim neighborhoods in Nanjing. The mihrab (the niche in the wall indicating the direction of Mecca) currently in the Jingjue Mosque was moved here from the Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque. The Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque was used as a residential area for a long time, but it has now been vacated and may soon have a new purpose.
+
+In 1917, the Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque founded the private Wuben Primary School to teach both general subjects and religious knowledge. It moved to the entrance of Xiaowangfu Lane on Fengfu Road in 1953 and became a public school in 1956.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6vlucf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ug8u0n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gtk11f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ediyzz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5s76sh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cpop9k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/apbcqv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y8bc4c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/td2y51.jpg)
+
+**Anleyuan**
+
+Every time I visit Nanjing, I make sure to have morning tea at Anleyuan. The morning tea used to be served in the main dining room, but it has moved to the hot pot hall on the right. The menu, however, remains the same.
+
+We arrived after ten o'clock, and it wasn't very crowded. We ordered roast duck with dried tofu strips (ya gan si), shark fin golden cake, crystal shrimp dumplings, red bean soup with rice balls (chidou yuanxiao), water shield vegetable steamed dumplings (jiao'ercai zhengjiao), duck and pine nut steamed dumplings (shaomai), beef spring rolls, and crispy fried dough (sanzi) with tofu pudding, all paired with Yuhua tea. Anleyuan is a great place to experience the charm of Jinling's Hui Muslim cuisine, especially if you are dining with a group.
+
+Anleyuan was founded in 1920 by Cai Jiheng, a Hui Muslim from Nanjing. Originally called Anleju Restaurant, it has been in business for 105 years. Anleyuan was first located at 64 Pingshi Street (formerly Shuixiangkou) in the Hui Muslim community of Qijiawan. It later moved to the Jiangxi Guild Hall at 19 Pingshi Street, specializing in snacks like sweet red bean paste buns and assorted vegetable buns.
+
+In 1949, owner Cai Jiheng was getting old, so he handed the restaurant over to his son, Cai Yuting. Cai Yuting was a scholar by trade and did not know how to run a business, so the restaurant's sales began to decline. In 1952, Li Fuquan, who ran a restaurant at Chaotian Palace, bought the Anleju Restaurant and renamed it Anleyuan Restaurant. Owner Li introduced signature braised dishes like salt-water duck (yanshui ya), sliced dried beef (ganqie niurou), braised wheat gluten (lu mianjin), and smoked fish (xunyu), which won high praise from customers.
+
+In 1956, during the public-private partnership period, Anleyuan merged with the state-owned Heping Canteen and moved to Shengzhou Road, west of Qijiawan. It grew from a small eatery into a medium-sized restaurant of 400 square meters with 14 tables, gaining a steady base of diners. In 1961, Anleyuan moved again to Mochou Road near Chaotian Palace. The space expanded further, and they introduced new dishes like braised fish maw with three delicacies (sanxian hui yudu) and crispy beef (xiangsu niurou), entering the ranks of high-end restaurants. In 1966, Anleyuan was renamed Victory Restaurant (Shengli Fandian), but it changed back to its original name in 1972. In 2001, due to the development of the Chaotian Palace South Square, Anleyuan was relocated to its current site on Wangfu Street. The new shop expanded to 2,000 square meters, becoming a large restaurant with three separate areas for snacks, main meals, and hot pot.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d4d3gk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r9hm93.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pexa8u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cd8vrs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r4x1uh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pyzf6h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/as274a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dsnzm4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3uz0ck.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hvy1gv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jzyj3b.jpg)
+
+**Li Rongxing**
+
+At noon, we went to the old Hui Muslim brand Li Rongxing on Xufu Lane in Nanjing for lunch. I ate at their original shop ten years ago, and this time I found they have opened chain stores, including a branch here in the north of the city.
+
+We ordered beef potstickers (niurou guotie), beef wontons (niurou huntun), beef vermicelli soup (niurou fensi tang), smoked fish noodles (xunyu mian), beef soup dumplings (niurou guantangbao), and assorted vegetables (su shijin), which are all considered typical Nanjing Hui Muslim specialties. The snacks of Nanjing Hui Muslims are characterized by a hint of sweetness. I find this quite unique, but people from the north might not be used to it.
+
+Li Rongxing is a famous old brand from Qijiawan, founded by Li Houming in 1914. It started at the T-junction of Qijiawan and Ganyu Lane, and was best known for its pan-fried beef buns (niurou jianbao), beef soup, and smoked beef. In 2002, Li Rongxing's third-generation successor, Li Bangzheng, opened a Li Rongxing on Fenghuang West Street, and in 2006, it moved to Nanhu East Road. The current owner, Li Guofan, is the fourth-generation successor of Li Rongxing. Additionally, the most famous Li's Restaurant (Liji) in Qijiawan today is run by Li Bangzheng's cousin, Li Bangjie, who once worked with him at a salted duck factory.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uowm01.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/31qwqu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gssdav.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6vgi12.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cgm0vh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sztb2r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wbhpbh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lxgh6o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sf8fvl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ashq2f.jpg)
+
+**Lvliuju**
+
+Next to Li Rongxing on Xufu Lane is another long-standing shop, Lvliuju. Their shop is quite small. Besides their most popular green sticky rice balls (qingtuan), they serve simple meals like duck blood vermicelli soup (laoya fensi tang), bamboo shoot and beef brisket rice (sungand niunan fan), braised three-delicacy rice (hui sanxian fan), and smoked fish assorted noodles (xunyu shijin mian). We bought some of their signature three-colored cakes (sanse gao).
+
+Lvliuju was founded in 1912 at Taoye Ferry by the Qinhuai River. It started as a high-end vegetarian restaurant, and people like Kong Xiangxi, Chiang Ching-kuo, Bai Chongxi, and the Soong sisters often ate there. After 1949, Lvliuju closed for a time. It reopened in 1963 on Taiping South Road at Yanggongjing, hiring the famous chef Chen Bingyu to lead the kitchen and continue serving authentic vegetarian food. A major feature of Lvliuju is making vegetarian dishes taste like meat. Their vegetarian chicken (suji) and vegetarian duck (suya), made from tofu skin, gluten, and dried bean curd sticks with herbal seasonings, are delicious. In 1987, Lvliuju added halal dishes to its vegetarian menu and became a halal restaurant, though it still specializes in vegetarian food. It is now a national-level intangible cultural heritage.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gn6nsv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e7m9o7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zf0hiz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rad9ay.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o4dunb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/knx4xk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ub3hm1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qg7opq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mywvd0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/slg0pc.jpg)
+
+**Liuhe South Gate Mosque**
+
+Leaving the Nanjing city area, we crossed the Yangtze River and headed north to Liuhe District, where we performed namaz at the Liuhe South Gate Mosque.
+
+There were once seven mosques and three women's schools in Liuhe. Today, the Changjiang Road Mosque, South Gate Mosque, and Zhuzhen Mosque are open, and the historic buildings of the South Gate Women's School and Zhuzhen Women's School remain.
+
+The Liuhe South Gate Mosque was first built in 1403 (the first year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty) and rebuilt in 1553 (the 32nd year of the Jiajing reign). It was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion and later rebuilt. The famous Imam Da Pusheng, one of the four great imams of the Republic of China, had three generations of his family—from his great-grandfather to his father—serve as the imam at South Gate Mosque. The old Da family home is on the Halal Street (Qingzhen Jie) right at the mosque entrance. Imam Da Pusheng studied the scriptures at South Gate Mosque for seven years, from age 10 to 17, before going to Nanjing and Beijing for further study.
+
+The ancestor of the Da family of the Baiye Hall, where Imam Da Pusheng belonged, was Mubalesha from the Western Regions during the Yuan Dynasty. Research shows he belonged to the Kipchak Yuliberi tribe and served as a Darughachi in Zhenjiang before passing away in Zhenjiang. His sixth-generation descendant, Da Shan, moved from Zhenjiang to Liuhe in the early Ming Dynasty to serve as a county magistrate candidate. He settled in Liuhe, making them the oldest Hui Muslim family from the Western Regions in the area.
+
+After 1966, the South Gate Mosque was used as a kindergarten. During that time, the Shamao Hall (duiting), the north wing, the red gate, and the entrance hall were demolished. The kindergarten moved out in 1975, and Baozhen Primary School borrowed the space for a while. It was finally reclaimed in 2000 after the school moved out. The main hall was raised and rebuilt in 2013. Later, the Unity Pagoda (Tongxin Ta) and Tongxing Building were built, and the site finally opened to the public in 2020.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ulfc9u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0nay96.jpg)
diff --git a/content/China_Muslim_Travel_Tips__Anti_Muslim_Online_Hate__Hui_Muslim_Safety_and_Communi.md b/content/China_Muslim_Travel_Tips__Anti_Muslim_Online_Hate__Hui_Muslim_Safety_and_Communi.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99f0fcab9a1a9650f3f011234b8be345f8287bdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/China_Muslim_Travel_Tips__Anti_Muslim_Online_Hate__Hui_Muslim_Safety_and_Communi.md
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+---
+title: "China Muslim Travel Tips: Anti-Muslim Online Hate, Hui Muslim Safety and Community Awareness"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2935"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2935"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:57Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "bce40aff3c54d25a80fb2cb1de930f01880c270b2b55de9b65143c6a0ee1763f"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# China Muslim Travel Tips: Anti-Muslim Online Hate, Hui Muslim Safety and Community Awareness
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This analysis explains why anti-Muslim online hate is dangerous, arguing that it damages ethnic unity, distorts Islam, increases social tension, stigmatizes Hui Muslims and other Muslim groups, and can be used by hostile forces to divide society.
+
+![image](https://archive.org/download/salaamalykum_wechat_repost_maliang_20260512/05_05-YXRmc-SqsXuUmzeuwNUFbg_001.jpg)
+
+In a contemporary society where globalization and informatization are intertwined, the concept of "anti-Muslim hate", which is obviously discriminatory and inflammatory, is quietly spreading through the Internet. The so-called "anti-Muslim hate" mainly refers to remarks and behaviors that stigmatize and demonize Islam and the Muslim community. On the surface, such remarks are made under the banner of "maintaining national security" and "exposing religious extremism". In fact, they directly link specific religions to terrorism and social conflicts by confusing concepts and overgeneralizing, posing a deep threat to the unity of a multi-ethnic country, social stability and national unity. This article will systematically analyze the harmfulness of "anti-Muslim hate account's" remarks from three aspects: national unity, social stability, and national unity.
+
+![image](https://archive.org/download/salaamalykum_wechat_repost_maliang_20260512/05_05-YXRmc-SqsXuUmzeuwNUFbg_002.jpg)
+
+1. Destroying national unity: dissolving the identity of the national community
+
+The foundation of national unity lies in the identification of all ethnic groups with the "Chinese nation community". As a multi-ethnic country with 56 ethnic groups, China has a Muslim population of more than 20 million, and 10 ethnic minorities including the Hui and Uyghurs have Islam as their main belief. Historically, after Islam was introduced to China in the Tang Dynasty, it completed its localization transformation through methods such as "interpreting revelation through Confucianism" and formed a tradition of patriotism and religion. For example, Qing Dynasty scholar Liu Zhi interpreted Islamic classics through Confucianism, which promoted the deep integration of the two civilizations; After the founding of New China, national leaders visited mosques many times to emphasize equality and unity of all ethnic groups.
+
+However, the "anti-Muslim hate account" remarks deliberately sever this historical bond, and its core logic contains four major misunderstandings: first, equating extremism with religion itself, ignoring differences within Islam and the reality that moderate Muslims are the mainstream in China; The second is to use individual extreme cases to generalize the whole situation and confuse terrorist organizations with ordinary believers; The third is to promote racist thinking and incite opposition with the idea that "those who are not of my group must have different motives"; The fourth is to transplant conflicts from other countries, copy religious conflicts in the Middle East and Europe to China, and fabricate the "Islamic threat theory." If such remarks are widely disseminated, they will shake the sense of belonging of ethnic minorities to the country, and may even be used by foreign forces as a tool to split China. For example, some politicians in the United States use the so-called "human rights issues in Xinjiang" as an excuse to try to undermine the stability of Xinjiang by stigmatizing China's Muslim groups, thereby curbing China's development.
+
+2. Threaten social stability: intensify contradictions and induce conflicts
+
+Social stability requires rational dialogue and inclusive coexistence among different groups. At present, the proliferation of "anti-Muslim hate account" remarks is closely related to the lack of supervision of social media and the irrational voices of some scholars. For example, the controversy over the "generalization of halal" on online platforms has expanded religious symbols to the realm of public life (such as "halal aisles" and "halal tissues"), exaggerating the anxiety of "special group privileges" and causing non-Muslim groups to feel excluded. Once this oppositional sentiment is extreme, it may trigger mass incidents. Egypt's lesson is particularly profound: after the Morsi government was overthrown by the military in 2013, the suppression of the Muslim Brotherhood led to severe social divisions and frequent violent conflicts. The death toll in Port Said alone reached 25 people in a single day. Looking at China, if the "anti-Muslim hate account" rhetoric is allowed to spread, it may repeat the tragedy of religious confrontation similar to Egypt.
+
+What is even more alarming is that “anti-Muslim hate” remarks are often intertwined with regional discrimination. For example, Muslim-inhabited areas in Ningxia, Henan and other places are stigmatized as "so-and-so-stan", implying that there is a "separatist tendency" in these areas. Such labeling narratives not only ignore the reality of harmonious coexistence of local ethnic groups (such as the prevalence of Hui-Han intermarriage and frequent economic mutual assistance), but also exacerbate regional barriers and provide extremists with an excuse to incite violence. In recent years, gang-related cases heard by the Huating Court have shown that criminal organizations often carry out violence under the guise of religion or national identity. If the "anti-Muslim hate" rhetoric encourages social prejudice against specific groups, it may provide a breeding ground for gangs and evil forces.
+
+![image](https://archive.org/download/salaamalykum_wechat_repost_maliang_20260512/05_05-YXRmc-SqsXuUmzeuwNUFbg_003.jpg)
+
+3. Disintegration of national unity: splitting the cultural foundation of diversity and unity
+
+National unity is the lifeline of a multi-ethnic country. The "harmony without difference" relationship that has been established between Chinese Muslims and non-Muslims for thousands of years is a reflection of the inclusiveness of Chinese culture. For example, the Shadian Hui Muslims in Yunnan and the Han people jointly develop the economy, and the Hui Han people in Linxia, ​​Gansu cooperate to promote poverty alleviation projects, both of which show examples of ethnic mutual assistance. The "anti-Muslim hate" rhetoric destroys this symbiotic relationship by creating cultural opposition. Typical manifestations include:
+
+1. Strengthening religious boundaries: Misinterpreting Muslims’ daily religious practices (such as worshiping and fasting) as “refusal to integrate into mainstream society” and ignoring the fact that most Muslims also practice traditional Chinese culture.
+
+2. Stigmatizing national customs: stigmatizing halal dietary norms as "economic privileges" and ignoring its basic right attribute of freedom of religious belief.
+
+3. Inciting historical nihilism: One-sidedly citing ethnic conflicts in history and tampering with historical facts to reflect the present, such as distorting the reasons for the transformation of Shaanxi-Gansu in the Qing Dynasty and covering up the nature of its socio-economic contradictions.
+
+Once this narrative becomes mainstream, it will lead to the collapse of trust among ethnic groups. India’s post-independence lessons are worth warning: the differences between the Congress Party and the Muslim League eventually led to the partition of India and Pakistan, tens of millions of people were displaced, and the Kashmir issue remains unresolved. If China allows the "anti-Muslim hate account" ideological trend to spread, it may repeat the same mistakes and plunge ethnic relations into a "self-fulfilling prophecy" trap.
+
+4. Response path: Rule of law and civilization go hand in hand
+
+To curb the harm of "anti-Muslim hate account", it is necessary to build a double line of defense of the rule of law and civilization. At the legal level, laws such as the Constitution and Regulations on Religious Affairs should be strictly followed to protect legitimate religious activities and combat extremism and illegal speech. For example, we need to strengthen supervision over the dissemination of discriminatory content on social media platforms, and hold accounts that deliberately create ethnic antagonism accountable in accordance with the law. At the civilization level, it is necessary to strengthen the education of "Chinese nation community", explore historical cases of exchanges and integration of various ethnic groups (such as the cultural integration of Hui Confucianism in the Yuan Dynasty, and the Hui Han Dynasty to jointly resist foreign aggression during the Anti-Japanese War), and eliminate prejudice through cultural identity.
+
+International experience is also worth learning from: after Germany accepted Syrian refugees, it failed to effectively deal with religious and cultural conflicts, which led to the intensification of social conflicts; China's policy of guiding Islam to adapt to Chinese society has successfully avoided similar dilemmas by guiding religion to adapt to socialist society. This practice shows that only by adhering to ethnic relations of equality, unity, and mutual assistance can we build a solid foundation for long-term peace and stability in the country.
+
+![image](https://archive.org/download/salaamalykum_wechat_repost_maliang_20260512/05_05-YXRmc-SqsXuUmzeuwNUFbg_004.jpg)
+
+The harm of "anti-Muslim hate account" remarks is by no means limited to quarrels in cyberspace, but is related to core issues related to national unity, social stability and national unity. History has repeatedly proven that stigmatizing a specific religion or ethnic group will eventually tear apart society and breed violence. Within the framework of a pluralistic and integrated Chinese civilization, only by settling disputes under the rule of law and building consensus through culture can we completely eradicate the breeding ground for "anti-Muslim hate" and protect the prosperity and dignity of the Chinese nation.
+
+![image](https://archive.org/download/salaamalykum_wechat_repost_maliang_20260512/05_05-YXRmc-SqsXuUmzeuwNUFbg_005.jpg)
+
diff --git a/content/China_local_authorities_deployed_a_range_of_tactics_to_defuse_muslim_community_o.md b/content/China_local_authorities_deployed_a_range_of_tactics_to_defuse_muslim_community_o.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f7b9dd9872465e698d7d4a2ee1988bec0375e7d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/China_local_authorities_deployed_a_range_of_tactics_to_defuse_muslim_community_o.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+title: "China local authorities deployed a range of tactics to defuse muslim community opposition."
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1676"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1676"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:19:22Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "151e2327bc6882eb87de5d3651850050fdaff8e30e28c59714d59feb520c08b7"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# China local authorities deployed a range of tactics to defuse muslim community opposition.
+
+
+
+The party-state provided funding for renovations, primarily channeled through the United Front Work Department and via the relevant branches of the CIA. Qujing City, Yunnan, estimated in 2021 that it had spent 19m RMB on supporting renovations over the preceding year. Estimates for renovations to 19 mosques in Qinghai, to be completed over two years, were costed at close to 27m RMB, according to figures in a widely circulated PPT of proposed renovations. In Xining, that would put the cost of renovations to a single mosque at around 1.4m RMB apiece. These estimates likely do not represent the full costs of renovations, as they do not include costs for adding “Chinese” decorative elements following the removal of pagodas and domes, as occurred in several Xining mosques (such as Shulinxiang Mosque, pictured below) following the initial removal of domes and minarets. This oversight reflects the logic of the campaign: “foreign” architectural elements were first removed as dangerous precursors to extremism, before appropriately “Chinese” elements were added to replace them.
+
+Due to the sheer numbers of mosques identified as in need of renovation, a number of building companies have advertised themselves as capable of undertaking mosque renovation projects on the basis of previous redesign projects, using architectural renderings of remodeled mosques to illustrate their work. In an ironic parallel with the official rhetoric that celebrates mosque Sinicization as a return to ‘traditional’ mosque architecture in China, many of the companies undertaking this work specialize in heritage projects. The growth in companies advertising for such tenders indicates the profitability of the projects. One company advertising their availability for renovation work priced their services at 349 RMB/square meter.
+
+As the campaign to forcibly renovate mosques progressed, local authorities deployed a range of tactics to defuse community opposition. These practices often include pre-circulation of designs to proposed renovations to mosque committees as part of ‘consultation’ processes. The logic of Sinicization, and PRC policy-making in general, means that such renovations should appear to be supported by the community. Renovation work is often further overseen and inspected by local Islamic Association cadres, deepening their supervision of mosque affairs. For example, through an inspection of mosques in the Dongchuan district of Kunming, Yunnan, in 2022, Islamic Association cadres asserted the need for further training of imams, and thorough implementation of Party-state religious policy.
+
+In some instances, mosque officials and religious personnel have been taken on study tours to areas where mosques had previously been Sinicized. In Pingliang, Gansu, reluctant imams were taken on study tours to Guyuan, Ningxia. As with other such study tours, this tour constitutes both a threat to the imams in question, and a demonstration by the government that Sinicization is inevitable. Other measures deployed include house-to-house visits made by cadres or PSB officials to congregation households, and threats of tax audits or salary cuts to government employees and businesses if they do not support Sinicization work. As with other policies, threats to remove licenses from imams or replace mosque committees who do not agree to the changes are also deployed to coerce individuals into agreement.
+
+Overall, representatives of the Party-state have sought to manufacture the appearance of consent to the renovations from Muslim communities, often in the teeth of intense local opposition. Extensive efforts to shape and coordinate online conversations around renovations are also in evidence. Long essays purporting to be written by Muslim commentators in support of Sinicization circulate online, while commentators protesting renovations are censored almost instantly. Locals are generally warned not to ‘spread rumors’ about renovations online or talk to the press, and mosques are often closed to the public during renovations to prevent protests.
+
+Despite this work and despite the existence of guides to ‘managing public opinion’ around mosque renovations, several localized protests have resisted mosque Sinicization, resulting in numerous arrests. Occasionally these protests attract international attention as was the case with those opposing renovations to the Najiaying Mosque in Yunnan in 2023. However, it is likely that many more small-scale protests have unfolded without reporting. In 2021, an imam from Zhaotong was arrested for opposing the demolition of the minaret of his mosque. Other reports state that Muslim cadres and local entrepreneurs in Yunnan have also either been arrested or removed from their posts following opposition to renovations across Yunnan. Local residents similarly reported that the imam and head of the management committee for Dongguan Great Mosque in Xining were detained and forced to sign documents supporting the renovations in 2021. Locals were again warned not to talk to the press or spread images or news. In Buga, Yunnan, after attempting to coerce the local community into signing forms giving them permission to rectify the Baoshan Mosque, the local authorities eventually deployed riot police to ensure that the demolitions proceeded. Although in the case of some famous mosques, renovations were delayed to defuse protests, ultimately proposed renovations have gone ahead. As these examples — especially the previously mentioned cases of Najiaying, Weizhou, and Zheqiao — attest, forced architectural renovations to mosques have been a flashpoint issue. Mosques are symbols of community pride, and mosque building, renovation, and expansion projects are normally funded by the community themselves.
+
+Communities have also reported punitive actions taken against them in the wake of protests. Imams or mosque committees who spearhead opposition are replaced by figures aligned with the Party-state (see 3.0 Organization). In Yunnan, tight restrictions on fasting for Ramadan for officials in 2024 were widely perceived as punishment for public opposition to mosque Sinicization the year before. Efforts to coerce communities to accept unwanted mosque renovations provide a visible demonstration of the ‘irresistibility’ of the Sinicization program. These shows of force enhance the influence of local Islamic Associations within the mosque community and break the ability of locals to resist other changes. In general, architectural Sinicization functions as the opening move in bringing the Party-state into the mosque. Once achieved, the Party-state may impose further transformations of practice, culture, and education within mosque walls.
+
+ 
diff --git a/content/Claude_L__Pickens_Jr__Collection__Republican_Era_Hui_Muslim_Documents.md b/content/Claude_L__Pickens_Jr__Collection__Republican_Era_Hui_Muslim_Documents.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+---
+title: "Claude L. Pickens Jr. Collection: Republican-Era Hui Muslim Documents"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2025"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2025"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:55Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "29e0929243c6c76590aa89c77cea2ddcee87d14664bed176c5febda0de3d1751"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Claude L. Pickens Jr. Collection: Republican-Era Hui Muslim Documents
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Claude L. Pickens Jr. Collection: Republican-Era Hui Muslim Documents is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Claude L. Pickens Jr. was an American missionary who came to China in 1926 and worked mainly in Hankou. The account keeps its focus on Hui Muslims, Islamic Manuscripts, Harvard Yenching while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+Claude L. Pickens Jr. was an American missionary who came to China in 1926 and worked mainly in Hankou. He traveled to the Muslim-populated areas of Northwest China twice, in 1933 and 1936, taking many photos and leaving behind valuable records.
+
+Pickens collected many precious documents from Hui Muslims during the Republic of China era, including scripture calligraphy, wall charts, religious calendars, and calligraphy works. He donated them all to the Harvard-Yenching Library in 1984, where they were digitized and displayed on the library's official website.
+
+Most of these documents came from the Muslim Book and Newspaper Press (Qingzhen Shubao She) on Niujie Street in Beiping. The Muslim Book and Newspaper Press was founded in the early years of the Republic of China by Imam Ma Kuilin of Niujie. In the 1920s and 1930s, it printed various scripture textbooks and scholarly works in a shop north of Guang'anmen Street, which were sold all over the country. After Imam Ma Kuilin passed away in 1940, his fourth son, Ma Zhongdao, continued to run the business until it was merged into the Xuanwu Xinhua Bookstore in 1956. After 1966, all the books and records from the Muslim Book and Newspaper Press that had been handed over to the Xuanwu Xinhua Bookstore went missing, and the collection held by Ma Zhongdao himself was forced to be burned by his own hands. Because of this, the collection of books and records from the Muslim Book and Newspaper Press held by Pickens has become the most precious material available.
+
+Official website: library.harvard.edu/collections/rev-claude-l-pickens-jr-collection-muslims-china
+
+The book "Selected Fine Prints of Hui Muslim Materials from the Republic of China Era" provides a detailed introduction to these documents, but unfortunately, due to layout and paper limitations, the images in the book are not printed clearly enough.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fq5hzr.jpg)
+
+**A wall scroll (zhongtang) of calligraphy finely produced by the Beiping Niujie Muslim Book and Newspaper Press.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vyuhei.jpg)
+
+**Inna-hu alimun bi-zat al-sudur, finely produced by the Beiping Niujie Muslim Book and Newspaper Press.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/and3zs.jpg)
+
+A quote from Caliph Umar: Kafa bi-al-mawt wai zan, wa kafa bi-al-dahr tafarruqan.
+
+Death is enough as a warning, and the world is enough as a separation (from Allah).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c43jzj.jpg)
+
+A wall scroll, printed by the Beiping Niujie Muslim Book and Newspaper Press. According to teacher Wang Qifei, this is the work of Imam Li Chaozhen or Li Shouzhen from Cangzhou.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7wwbw7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/65n9iu.jpg)
+
+A wall scroll featuring scripture calligraphy. Guide us to the straight path (1:6), with a seal that reads "Xuanjing." According to teacher Mu Ning, the author is likely Fa Jingxuan from Jinan. Fa Jingxuan was a famous educator and one of the founders of the Chengda Teachers' School.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/38zrn7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ow0x89.jpg)
+
+The scripture couplets on both sides of the wall scroll also come from the Fatiha.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/22zubb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nuba08.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dkopor.jpg)
+
+A color-printed set of the three-piece incense set (luping sanshi) from the Beijing Niujie Muslim Book and Newspaper Press. From right to left are the teapot, incense box, incense burner, chopstick vase, and flower vase.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xjynn2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/syn8lx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f12ps4.jpg)
+
+Ali's sword, the first print says published by Beijing Niujie Muslim Book and Newspaper Press, and the second print was changed to "Beiping."
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0wyron.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rxabz7.jpg)
+
+A color-printed Basmala (tasimi), published by the Niujie Halal Bookstore in Beiping.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h36469.jpg)
+
+The Sea of Fury Ship (nuhai chuan), published by the Niujie Halal Bookstore in Beijing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g6dix4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0hl362.jpg)
+
+The Praise of the Prophet on the Sea (haishui zansheng), printed by the Niujie Halal Bookstore in Beiping, features 34 lines of dua written within the waves.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t8t29r.jpg)
+
+**Scripture characters on red paper, printed by the Niujie Halal Bookstore in Beiping.**
+
+**Basmala (tasimi).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/88kwn9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/whmaxn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4e1gx7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ffgic.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d29pi1.jpg)
+
+**All praise is due to Allah (written eight times).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x9wt9f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6d91sz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5mr08t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z3cv7t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3syx2h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ykk6l1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f2kmki.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1n5qzb.jpg)
+
+Printed by the Niujie Halal Bookstore in Beiping, the Prophet's Last Words (guisheng cishi yiyan) exist in 1925 and 1932 editions and depict the appearance of the Prophet Muhammad.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fidxir.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dcsxqc.jpg)
+
+Halal Miaoxiangge Star and Moon brand orchid perfume, made by Li Peilin, with the main factory located at No. 17 Santuanqiao Dongting Alley, outside Chongwenmen, Beiping.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0jfhzf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c0ufc8.jpg)
+
+A halal marriage certificate, dated November 25, 1922, published by the Nanjing Halal Board and the Daoyi Society, with the printing plate kept at the Tangzi Street Mosque in Nanjing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ygvn0v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/60kps7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0mtylo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bwjlo1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uc7ji4.jpg)
+
+Essentials of the Right Path (zhengdao genyuan jiaotiao zhiyao), a public notice from the mosque outside the south gate of Liuhe, Nanjing, compiled by Ma Youheng Mingsanshi of Sichuan. It describes various actions that destroy, harm, or help one's faith (imani).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tura8i.jpg)
+
+A Simple Explanation of the Essentials of Halal Faith, published in the eighth month of the 31st year of the Guangxu reign (1905) by Ma Dengshou and other students of the Hujia Mosque. Hujia Mosque is located in Longhu Village, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, and was founded in 1738. The Hu family's ancestral home was in Weinan, Shaanxi, and they moved to Sichuan between the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qitoc2.jpg)
+
+Book catalog of the Beiping Chengda Normal School Publishing Department, May 25, 1934.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lrekfd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iqttsb.jpg)
+
+Price list for various Islamic scriptures sold by the Zhenxue Society in the provincial capital of Yunnan. Sold on behalf of the society by Ma Jun Renqing, manager of the Lihechang Leather Store at No. 133 Shuncheng Shangjie, outside the Great South Gate of the provincial capital of Yunnan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m4tx2u.jpg)
+
+**Catalog of books from the Beijing Niujie Halal Bookstore.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aysya3.jpg)
+
+The 99 Names of Allah and the eight gates of Paradise, source unknown.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cjmlgq.jpg)
+
+Chart of the Fifty Generations of Light (wushi dai chuanguang tu), printed by the Niujie Halal Bookstore in Beijing. It includes the lineage of fifty generations from the Prophet Adam to the Prophet Muhammad. The prophets in the central large circle are Adam (Adan), Noah (Nuha), Abraham (Yibulaximai), Moses (Musa), David (Dawudai), Jesus (Ersa), and the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Muhammaidai).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z3tud1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ct4vjj.jpg)
+
+**Printed by the Zungutang Lithographic Press in Tianjin.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n0pilu.jpg)
+
+**Attention, Muslims.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cokv1i.jpg)
+
+The Islamic ritual washing (wudu) wall chart and prayer wall chart were compiled by Zhang Hongtao from Dingxing, performed by Ma Zhongdao from Beiping, and published by the Beiping Niujie Mosque Newspaper and Book Agency.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ovylh4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/szsmip.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jdv8pj.jpg)
+
+**A promotional flyer for the True Mirror Garden (Zhenjing Huayuan) from the Beiping Niujie Mosque Newspaper and Book Agency.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w5h3ru.jpg)
+
+**4. Islamic Calendar.**
+
+In 1946, the Religious Affairs Committee of the Yunnan Provincial Branch of the China Islamic Association compiled and printed the Islamic monthly start dates, festivals, fasting, and prayer schedule.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lr00eb.jpg)
+
+Published by the Yuehua Newspaper Agency in 1946.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ep7c5n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/watuyu.jpg)
+
+Printed by the Beiping Niujie Mosque Newspaper and Book Agency in 1936.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3mau07.jpg)
+
+Printed by the Beiping Niujie Mosque Newspaper and Book Agency in 1946.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ja6wyz.jpg)
+
+Printed by the Beiping Niujie Mosque Newspaper and Book Agency in 1948.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i76psn.jpg)
+
+Printed on behalf of the Jiyixuan studio on Hualou Street in Hankou in 1942.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m8k4dm.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Da_Dao_Wang_Wu_s_Yuanshun_Escort_Agency__Beijing_Hui_Muslim_History_and_Martial.md b/content/Da_Dao_Wang_Wu_s_Yuanshun_Escort_Agency__Beijing_Hui_Muslim_History_and_Martial.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d611c02f279cb938f6d3d427d5d558616fd76e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Da_Dao_Wang_Wu_s_Yuanshun_Escort_Agency__Beijing_Hui_Muslim_History_and_Martial.md
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+title: "Da Dao Wang Wu's Yuanshun Escort Agency: Beijing Hui Muslim History and Martial Arts"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1918"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1918"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:51Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui History"
+content_hash: "8bd0e857cc5b79fe824e596024d6ddf2cc36342b89ecc8e27dfd7ade591768b3"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Da Dao Wang Wu's Yuanshun Escort Agency: Beijing Hui Muslim History and Martial Arts
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Da Dao Wang Wu's Yuanshun Escort Agency: Beijing Hui Muslim History and Martial Arts. Last weekend, I visited the former site of the Yuanshun Biaoju (escort agency) established by the famous late Qing dynasty chivalrous hero Dadao Wang Wu on Banbi Street, west of Zhushikou outside Qianmen in Beijing. It is useful for readers interested in Beijing History, Hui Muslims, Martial Arts.
+
+Last weekend, I visited the former site of the Yuanshun Biaoju (escort agency) established by the famous late Qing dynasty chivalrous hero Dadao Wang Wu on Banbi Street, west of Zhushikou outside Qianmen in Beijing. Dadao Wang Wu, whose real name was Wang Zibin (1844-1900) and courtesy name was Zhengyi, was a Han Chinese from Cangzhou, Hebei. He loved martial arts from a young age and greatly admired Li Fenggang, the manager of the Chengxing Biaoju in Cangzhou. The Li family came from a Hui Muslim military household background during the Ming dynasty, having moved from Nanjing to settle in Cangzhou during the Yongle reign while 'escorting the emperor,' and their tradition of practicing martial arts has never been interrupted since. In the late Qing dynasty, Li Fenggang's uncle, Li Guanming, learned the Liuhe Quan (Six Harmonies Boxing) style from the Cao family, a Hui Muslim family in Botou, and founded the 'Liuhe Men' (Six Harmonies School) in Cangzhou, which later developed into the largest martial arts school in the city. Li Guanming opened the Chengxing Biaoju outside the south gate of Cangzhou, enjoyed high prestige in the martial arts world, and almost never lost an escort. Li Guanming later passed the escort agency to his nephew, Li Fenggang, who had followed his uncle to learn Liuhe boxing and weaponry since childhood and was skilled with double sabers, earning him the nickname 'Shuangdao Jiang' (General of the Double Sabers).
+
+Wang Wu very much wanted to become Li Fenggang's student, but according to the school's rules, the Li family's Liuhe Men only taught those of the Islamic faith. Wang Wu was determined to convert to Islam, but his mother did not agree. According to the 1933 'Cang County Gazetteer,' it is recorded: 'Zhengyi's teacher was Li Fenggang. Fenggang was a follower of Islam, and Zhengyi wanted to study under him. Fenggang would not teach him because he was not of the faith. Zhengyi wanted to join the faith to prove his sincerity, but his mother would not allow it. Zhengyi knelt and pleaded with her repeatedly for over ten years before his mother finally agreed. He then learned everything from Fenggang before going to the capital, where he was initially called Little Wang Wu.' ”
+
+In the early years of the Guangxu reign, at the age of thirty, Wang Wu set up his own business and opened the Yuanshun Biaoju at Zhushikou outside Qianmen in Beijing. According to Liang Qichao's 'Yinbingshi Shihua' (Poetry Talks from the Ice-Drinker's Studio): 'Wang Wu was a chivalrous hero of Youyan who made his living as an escort.' His sphere of influence reached as far north as Shanhaiguan and as far south as Qingjiangpu, and he spent his life helping the weak and punishing the strong. ” The Yuanshun Biaoju gradually became one of the eight major escort agencies in the capital, and Wang Wu became known as 'Dadao Wang Wu' (Big Saber Wang Wu) because of his skill with the single saber. Pingjiang Buxiaosheng's 'Modern Chivalrous Hero Biography,' serialized starting in 1923, is the pioneering work of modern Chinese martial arts novels. The novel features Dadao Wang Wu and Huo Yuanjia as the main characters. Through the depiction of the deep friendship between Wang Wu and Tan Sitong, his chivalrous actions to save Tan Sitong, and his heroic sacrifice during the invasion of China by the Eight-Nation Alliance, the heroic image of Dadao Wang Wu became deeply rooted in people's hearts.
+
+The Yuanshun Biaoju faces south, and the main gate was originally very spacious to allow escort carriages to pass through, but now most of it is occupied by a restroom. Only the western half of the original gate remains, and the door knocker on it is the one that Tan Sitong knocked on when he came to visit Dadao Wang Wu.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wdokd3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ew33wf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vnerga.jpg)
+
+After entering the courtyard, there was originally a place to park escort carriages and horses. On the west side, there are three courtyards: the first was where Wang Wu performed his ritual washing and dua (prayer), the second and third were the living quarters for the escort guards, and the back courtyard contained the inner office, the storage room for escorted goods, and guest rooms. After the public-private partnership in the 1950s, the descendants of the Wang family only kept the south and north rooms of the back courtyard. The front courtyard became public housing, and after renovations by the housing management office, it is difficult to distinguish the original structure.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w55ylk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bcdglp.jpg)
+
+**Back courtyard**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bhln1w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1wbht7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ulukc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9dig9.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Establishment_of_party_state_supervision_and_control_over_recruitment_of_clergy.md b/content/Establishment_of_party_state_supervision_and_control_over_recruitment_of_clergy.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d53d3de0fb5b7d872d7978fabe0385f28de82257
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Establishment_of_party_state_supervision_and_control_over_recruitment_of_clergy.md
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+---
+title: "Establishment of party-state supervision and control over recruitment of clergy and other personnel"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1678"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1678"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:18:29Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "a43385ed84049e768e8b8223fa485636f67fbfe99f50848432dac04e09b096e8"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Establishment of party-state supervision and control over recruitment of clergy and other personnel
+
+Another specific measure implemented in the plan is a prohibition on the "generalization" of halal. Not only does the CIA’s dictate limit the application of halal to labels regarding foodstuffs, but it further mandates that halal must only apply to animal products. Moreover, the plan specifically calls for increased training on the proper applications of halal to be undertaken by the CIA. In practice, these measures severely limit believers’ ability to observe halal standards and override scriptural authorities’ definitions of halal to insert a state-sponsored one instead. In this way, the CIA uses regulatory power to police daily habits of practice.
+
+A final provision empowers the CIA to police "foreign" influence on Islam. The plan specifically names the Tablighi Jamaat as an illegal foreign extremist organization. Further, the plan stipulates that donations to mosques must be scrutinized for ties to foreign extremist groups. The CIA also mandates the strict prohibition of "materials containing extremist ideology" and foreign teachers. These mandates effectively label any version of Islam from outside China, and any religious texts not produced by the CIA, to be illegal and extremist. The latter of these provisions suggests that the CIA has been vested with the formal authority to enact book bans in mosque spaces.
+
+Taken together, these calls to increase regulation empower the CIA and constrain Islamic ritual and lifestyle practices to only those party-state-approved forms. In mandating a central role for the CIA in the appointment of mosque personnel and the enforcement of regulations on halal labeling, the educational system, financial donations, and contact with foreign Islamic communities, the Five-Year Plan seeks to eliminate any avenues for independent religious association and effect the centralization of religious authority under the umbrella of party-state oversight.
+
+Strengthening of "Chinese" elements in Islamic culture
+
+After outlining methods by which to increase regulation and oversight of religious practice, the CIA’s Five-Year Plan puts forward directives for actively promoting Chinese cultural elements within Islam. The document contends that the overarching goal of cultural improvement is to foreground "Chinese aesthetics and Chinese elements" in Islamic culture within China. Taking such actions, the CIA contends, is necessary for the improvement of the "cultural self-confidence" of China’s Muslims. In contrast to previous sections that focus on theological, ritual, or ideological concerns, these measures target material practices and aesthetics in architecture and dress. Within these provisions, the CIA gives instruction about how these measures ought to be publicized to larger audiences, including those in Muslim-majority countries beyond China.
+
+As in previous sections, the CIA prescribes increased study under party-state supervision in order to inculcate the "correct" attitudes toward traditional Chinese culture. Specifically, clergy are instructed to incorporate lessons about "exceptional Chinese traditional culture" into mosque educational programming, training of imams, and communications to lay believers. Specifically, the plan flags the 2017 report issued by the Central Committee and the State Council entitled "Opinions on the Implementation of the Development Project to Promote Exceptional Traditional Chinese Culture" (于实施中华优秀传统文化传承发展工程的意见) as necessary for religious communities to study.
+
+The plan devotes a significant portion of text to discussing specifics related to the integration of Chinese cultural elements into mosque construction and other architectural forms. Regarding the issue of mosque architecture, the report dictates that communities ought to familiarize themselves with the "Conference Minutes on Mosque Architectural Style" (清真寺建筑风格研讨会纪要). The report stipulates that renovation of existing mosques as well as any construction of new ones must follow legal stipulations on aesthetics and be "suited to China’s characteristics and highlight Chinese elements." In addition, the plan charges that mosque construction must observe norms related to frugality and modesty and should not "chase after large and exotic features, nor should they take foreign architectural styles as their standard."
+
+By mandating that mosques should emphasize "Chinese elements," the CIA has delimited the permissible forms of architectural expression. The plan not only deems "foreign" styles inappropriate for construction but also establishes them as "exotic" and inconsistent with the principle of frugality. These designations enable the CIA to alter mosques on the grounds that they are misusing funding on ornate and non-native elements. Non-Chinese style mosques are not only out of line with the cultural imperatives of the Sinicization campaign but also scrutinized for crimes related to financial misuse.
+
+Beyond the regulations imposed on mosque construction, the plan intends to standardize other elements of Islamic culture—namely dress and language. Firstly, the report dictates that religious dress for the purposes of ritual, including the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, should "reflect Chinese styles." The report continues to stress the importance of maintaining Sinicized standards of dress in the face of pressures to adopt non-native habits. It mandates that clergy should "correct those people who deliberately uphold the incorrect practice of imitating foreign styles of dress." These declarations empower the CIA to ban religious garments, particularly hijabs. A final measure demands that Islamic communities must conduct religious affairs (specifically "preaching and evangelism") in standard Mandarin. This provision is yet another means of establishing the linguistic hegemony of Chinese and displacing Arabic from use in Muslim communities.
+
+Combined, these measures have produced the most visible evidence of the Sinicization campaign. The CIA, through the provisions made in these sections, has the authority to enact measures that force the renovation of "foreign" or "Arabic-style" mosques and place limitations on the wearing of "foreign" religious dress. These sections entrench Chinese aesthetic styles as the standard for Islamic communities and specifically designate elements that might be considered "foreign" as suspect. The designation of these styles as not just "incorrect" for the Chinese context but as extravagant and wasteful makes them more than mere aesthetic choices. Instead, wearing "foreign" clothes or building "foreign" buildings is rendered a marker of extremist intent.
+
+Having established the criteria for what might be considered "Chinese elements" of Islamic culture to be promoted, the CIA’s Five-Year Plan further stipulates that Islamic communities must be active promoters of the narratives connected to the Sinicization Campaign. The plan urges the promotion of official publications from the Association, namely the magazine Chinese Muslim (中国穆斯林), as critical for disseminating positive messaging about the campaign. Moreover, the plan recommends the use of the app Chinese Muslim Portal (华伊之窗) for broadcasting success stories and "telling the story of Sinicization well." Implicit in this mandate is the narrative foregrounding of Sinicized mosques as well as the integration of Chinese culture or philosophical teachings into mosque curricula.
+
+This focus on outward-facing publicity also extends to international exchanges with majority-Islamic states. The plan urges continued cooperation on joint efforts, particularly those connected to curbing "extremism." As such, the CIA stresses the need to continue to build relationships with the Islamic world, even as Islamic practices seen as "foreign" to China are tagged as a sign of potential danger.
+
+These dictates to "strengthen cultural construction" place a central aesthetic, linguistic, and theological emphasis on "Chinese" elements as the core of Islam in China. By characterizing "foreign" aesthetics as wasteful spending of public resources and marks of latent extremism, the Five-Year Plan ties Sinicization efforts to party-state objectives related to both poverty alleviation and anti-corruption. In citing the need to promote "traditional" styles of art, architecture, and scriptural interpretation, the Five-Year Plan places Sinicization under the umbrella of policies related to heritage preservation.
+
+
+**5. Linkage of religious communities to state-supported poverty alleviation campaigns**
+
+The CIA deepens its commitments to party-state objectives by declaring that Sinicization plays a key role in the ‘Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation’. In accordance with such directives, the CIA Five-Year Plan stresses the need for Islamic communities to participate in “developing charitable activities to serve the public good.” These initiatives are directly linked to the party-state’s larger narratives on poverty alleviation and China’s overall developmental goals.
+
+The Five-Year Plan states that Islamic charitable organizations will “be active participants in the mission for poverty alleviation,” and specifically will “implement precise support for poverty alleviation targets.” Further, the plan specifies that these poverty-alleviation efforts will work in coordination with the UFWD, and its designated areas for poverty relief. These passages directly link Sinicization to the state’s program of developmental aid.
+
+Additionally, the plan outlines ways in which religious charity will be aligned with state-based initiatives, remarking how the CIA may expand “public interest” charitable campaigns connected to the observation of Ramadan. These charitable drives are directly linked to party-state-backed initiatives. The section closes by compelling local branches to use mosque-centered events like the celebration of Eid al-Fitr or Eid al-Adha to conduct “public interest charity” aimed at poverty reduction.
+
+These dictates from the CIA serve to justify Sinicizing interventions as necessary for the reduction of poverty in rural communities. Combined with the previous sections concerning prohibitions on “exotic” mosque construction, the CIA casts “foreign” aesthetics in architecture or decoration as antithetical to the party-state’s drive to eliminate poverty. In imploring mosque communities to take a role in “public interest charity” for the purpose of poverty relief, the Five-Year Plan enables the CIA to play a supervisory role in how mosque finances are conducted, and where resources for mosque communities are allocated.
+
+**6. Establishment of party-state supervision and control over recruitment of clergy and other personnel**
+
+The final set of directives covered in the Five-Year Plan concern recruitment and training of religious clergy and mosque staff. The CIA specifies that training programs for clergy must be set up to be “suitable for our country.” Further, the plan stipulates that personnel trained to be Islamic clergy will be relied upon to provide support for the Sinicization of Islam, and thus aspects of the program must be included in training. Among the primary objectives of the curricular reform is to increase oversight over the China Islamic Institute, which is chosen by the plan to become “the pinnacle for cultivating Islamic talent in China” as well as “the base for training patriotic Islamic personnel.”
+
+To accomplish these objectives, the plan designates broad authority to the CIA to compile and supervise the establishment of a common curriculum. This mandate places all regional Islamic Institutes under the CIA’s management and names the CIA as responsible for producing a common set of teaching materials to reflect the overarching goal of Sinicization. As in previous sections, the plan mandates that these course materials should “use the common national language and minority languages,” as primary modes of instruction. These designations reinforce the linguistic supremacy of the Chinese language and simultaneously marginalize the study of texts written in Persian and Arabic. Further, the plan decrees that the curriculum of Islamic Institutes should “increase the number of courses about the classic works of Chinese Islam, and add strength to courses about Chinese history and culture, contemporary Chinese society, and the general situation of religion in China.”
+
+The plan also makes similar declarations regarding the status of “mosque education,” and aims to increase the CIA’s ability to supervise the training of imams outside of Islamic Institutes. Like the provisions made for standardization of education at the Islamic Institutes, the plan mandates that mosques conducting clerical education adopt a standardized curriculum built around patriotic education, and include instruction in Chinese culture, history, geography, and the core socialist values. Importantly, the plan specifies that the handbook, “Methods for Supervising Islamic Mosque Education” (《伊斯兰教经堂教育管理办法》) be used as a common resource for the oversight of such programs.
+
+ 
diff --git a/content/Fancheng_Muslim_Travel_Guide__Hui_Muslim_History_in_Hubei.md b/content/Fancheng_Muslim_Travel_Guide__Hui_Muslim_History_in_Hubei.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b38bce70992cbdade256249ec1f39b016668b6e
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+++ b/content/Fancheng_Muslim_Travel_Guide__Hui_Muslim_History_in_Hubei.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+---
+title: "Fancheng Muslim Travel Guide: Hui Muslim History in Hubei"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1850"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1850"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:41Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui History"
+content_hash: "c15804b2fb1accb3f00824dcc71ad339925a3ae9a834186ce2d581c68265003e"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Fancheng Muslim Travel Guide: Hui Muslim History in Hubei
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Fancheng Muslim Travel Guide: Hui Muslim History in Hubei. As the most important commercial hub in the middle reaches of the Han River, Fancheng has had Hui Muslims living there since the Yuan and Ming dynasties. It is useful for readers interested in Hubei Muslims, Hui Muslims, Muslim Heritage.
+
+As the most important commercial hub in the middle reaches of the Han River, Fancheng has had Hui Muslims living there since the Yuan and Ming dynasties. The Hui Muslims of Fancheng were mainly concentrated on Jiaomen Street, where the mosque is located. When the Fancheng Mosque was renovated in 1792 (the 57th year of the Qianlong reign), the number of local Hui Muslim households who donated reached 222. In 2015, Jiaomen Street was completely demolished for new construction, and now only a row of shops selling beef noodles and raw beef remains at the head of the Hanjiang Bridge.
+
+Early in the morning, we came to the bridge head to eat beef noodles at Liu's on Jiaomen Street. Liu's is run by the son of the old Ahong (imam) of the Fancheng Mosque, Liu Donghan, and is quite famous. When I was in college, our school's halal canteen had a stall for Xiangfan beef noodles, and my impression at the time was that it was really spicy! This time, I finally got to taste the authentic version. After finishing the authentic bowl, it did feel a bit spicy, haha. We specifically asked for no chili, but the broth used to braise the beef is inherently a little spicy. However, besides the spice, the beef is truly fragrant! The various meat ingredients must have been added generously, and it was stewed until very flavorful.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/awahw0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e80635.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4qelhx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g5sv9x.jpg)
+
+The beef noodle shops here at the bridge head basically open from early morning and close near noon. Eating beef noodles in the morning really makes you feel comfortable for the whole day.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bfzrv7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fpawij.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/98osqd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jtklcr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/upk7qj.jpg)
+
+After finishing the beef noodles, we went to the Fancheng Mosque. The Fancheng Mosque was once the most important mosque in northwestern Hubei. It was originally a very beautiful ancient Ming Dynasty mosque, but it was tragically demolished around 2015. It can be said to be the greatest regret for traditional Chinese mosque architecture in the 2010s; it is truly a profound pity.
+
+According to a Qing Dynasty stele inscription once inside the mosque, it 'originated in the Yongle period of the former Ming, with orderly scale,' and 'built in the former Ming, by the early Qianlong reign of the current dynasty, the scale was grand and the halls were magnificent.' The mosque leaned toward the traditional southwestern architectural style, with a three-layered flying eave gate and fire-blocking walls. The most distinctive feature was the hexagonal main hall, which was changed from three stories to two after collapsing during a heavy rainstorm in the late Qing Dynasty. The hexagonal main hall was once the most unique traditional mosque hall style in Hubei Province. Besides the Fancheng Mosque, only the Qingzhensi Lane Mosque in Wuchang was the same. Both mosques were founded in the Ming Dynasty and both were destroyed due to the redevelopment of urban residential areas.
+
+The picture below is the gate of the Fancheng Mosque that I took when I went to Fancheng in 2012. It is a great pity that I had not yet systematically photographed traditional mosque architecture at that time, so I did not photograph the main hall. Who would have known that the following year, the demolition of the Fancheng Hui Muslim district would begin, and even the ancient mosque, which was a municipal-level cultural relic protection unit, would be demolished.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m315dd.jpg)
+
+After asking for directions, we arrived at the new Fancheng Mosque, which is now surrounded by high-rise residential buildings. The new mosque is very mediocre, with all historical information gone, leaving only a catalpa tree that is over 300 years old. Very fortunately, we were able to visit the Ahong of the Fancheng Mosque, Chen Junren. Ahong Chen also felt very emotional about the reconstruction of the mosque. He said that the old mosque used to have a great atmosphere, and performing namaz (prayer) inside felt solemn and elegant, but the newly built mosque has no feeling at all.
+
+Ahong Chen's hometown is Nanyang, Henan, and he has been in Xiangyang for more than thirty years. He is sixty years old this year. All the halal beef and mutton in Fancheng are slaughtered by Ahong Chen himself, starting from one o'clock every morning until four o'clock in the morning. All the halal beef noodle shops at the head of the Hanjiang Bridge use the meat slaughtered by Ahong Chen. Just then, a dost (friend) asked Ahong Chen to slaughter a sheep, so we watched Ahong Chen's skills on the spot.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x2yoxe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/68vkyf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7k34c4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6zf72i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wjqvj6.jpg)
+
+Ahong Chen chatted with us very congenially and very enthusiastically gave us several gifts. He gave us a copy of "Tianfang Zhisheng Shilu" (The True Record of the Greatest Sage of Arabia) by Liu Jielian Baba, which is the first biography of the Prophet written in Chinese. He also gave us two pendants brought back by others from Hajj, as well as two porcelain shards he picked up when the Fancheng Hui Muslim street was demolished.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f49k9r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2s0wns.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6zahcv.jpg)
+
+At noon, Ahong Chen took us to the Hexie Restaurant for a meal. Ahong Chen is the uncle of the restaurant owner, Wang Zhiyong. This restaurant has been open for more than thirty years, and local Hui Muslims hold their religious banquets here. We ordered the specialty dry-pot beef offal, wooden bucket fish, and stir-fried baby cabbage with oil bean curd skin. The beef offal was spicy and numbing, with plenty of Sichuan peppercorns, which was very satisfying to eat. The wooden bucket fish was very tender; it is hard to eat such fresh and delicious fish in Beijing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3asy00.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t5v798.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h3hxml.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x4e22o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nmuxqa.jpg)
+
+The river view and city walls of Xiangyang on the opposite bank.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zwi80b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uxidg0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ap2f85.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Foundations_of_Sinicisation__Historical_Background_and_Policy_Development.md b/content/Foundations_of_Sinicisation__Historical_Background_and_Policy_Development.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f35cf020177900be098fa71dc21bb9f04d2e971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Foundations_of_Sinicisation__Historical_Background_and_Policy_Development.md
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+---
+title: "Foundations of Sinicisation: Historical Background and Policy Development"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1659"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1659"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:13:15Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "af28173ff1ce3eaab113f36d3d7cd599a7e259fbec3050aa69883ad9e9578c9d"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Foundations of Sinicisation: Historical Background and Policy Development
+
+1.0 Introduction
+
+Beginning as early as 2018, a heightened lev-
+el of awareness arose in international news media
+about the Chinese party-state’s programme of co-
+ercive renovation of mosques and other Islamic commu-
+nity spaces throughout China.1 In the following years the
+phenomenon of Sinicisation of Islam became a concern
+among human rights and policy activists, journalists and
+policymakers. Much of the international coverage of this
+widespread campaign focused on its impact on architec-
+ture in specifi c cases. Thus, the campaign for Sinicisation
+became synonymous with a particular repertoire of ac-
+tions: stripping domes off of mosques, demolishing min-
+arets, erecting ‘Chinese-style’ ornamentation on mosque
+buildings, and minimizing the use of Arabic script in pub-
+lic spaces. However, a closer examination of the
+ 
+ 
+ 
+See https://ig.ft.com/china-mosques/; https://www.
+hrw.org/news/2023/11/22/china-mosques-shut-
+tered-razed-altered-muslim-areas; https://www.npr.
+org/2021/10/24/1047054983/china-muslims-sinicization
+ 
+Sinicisation campaign reveals a much wider scope for intervention
+and a broader array of tactics employed by the party-state
+to curb religious expression in Muslim communities. Be-
+yond architecture, the campaign touches matters connect-
+ed to theology, ritual, diet, dress, education, and mosque
+employment among others. Understanding Sinicisation,
+then, requires a broad and detailed examination of the
+campaign’s many aspects, as well as the scale at which it
+has been implemented nationwide. Th is report lays out a
+comprehensive survey of the impacts of the Sinicisation
+of Islam programme on Hui communities from 2017 to
+the present. As detailed in the report, this slate of policies
+makes the ruling party-state the sole arbiter for correct
+observation of religion and allows it to exert near total au-
+thority on matters of religious belief, practice and expres-
+sion. Following a brief historical overview of the origins
+of this campaign, our report provides a two-part overview
+of the campaign itself. In Part One, we focus on the docu-
+ments which establish the campaign. In Part Two, we take
+a detailed look at its enforcement.
+ 
+The rhetoric of Sinicisation campaign established clear
+norms of appropriateness for Islamic religious belief
+and practice in accordance with standards set by the
+party-state. Thus, Part I of this report provides detailed
+analysis of key policy documents undergirding Sinicisa-
+tion policy. Through this analysis we reveal the frame-
+work, ambitions and proposed measures which this
+sprawling campaign comprises. Our report focuses on
+two key documents that elucidate these standards of ap-
+propriateness and empower the state’s ca-
+pacity to enforce them: The General Office
+of the State Council’s “Opinions on Sug-
+gestions for Strengthening and Improving
+Islamic Work Under the New Situation”,
+more commonly known as Document No.
+10 of the Xinjiang Papers, and the China
+Islamic Association’s (2018) “Five Year
+Plan for Maintaining Progress Toward
+the Sinicisation of Islam in Our Nation
+(2018-2022).” Together, these documents
+provide a blueprint for radical transfor-
+mation of Islamic communities and social
+organisation, and lay the groundwork for
+further measures, including those which
+reduce the numbers of mosques in China,
+and implement additional means of sur-
+veillance of Muslim migrants within Chi-
+na.
+Muslim communities, and marginalizes—and in some
+cases totally silences—non-standard or non-hegemonic
+practice.
+The effects of this campaign are wide ranging. Because
+of the broad powers they give to the party-state to sup-
+press religious activity falling outside its own narrowly
+construed parameters, the measures identified in this
+report present a profound threat to Muslim identity and
+Beyond architecture,
+the campaign touches
+matters connected to
+theology, ritual, diet,
+dress, education, and
+mosque employment,
+In practice, the guidelines established by
+the documents we overview produced a
+vast system of policies whose implemen-
+among others.tation and enforcement depends upon a
+complicated network of actors, infrastructure, and tac-
+tics. In Part 2 of this report, we provide a preliminary
+overview of this wide-ranging campaign, assessing its
+implementation in five key areas: 1) Mosque Organisa-
+tion, 2) Aesthetics, 3) Cultural Control, 4) Surveillance
+and Monitoring, and 5) Mosque Closures. In each do-
+main we illustrate how party-state interventions seek
+to securitize religious identity, and restrict Islamic ex-
+pression to only those party-state approved practices.
+In so doing, the party-state depicts any practices from
+international Islam as inherently threatening to Chi-
+na’s national security and cultural existence. Similarly,
+through these measures, the Sinicisation empowers
+the party-state as the arbiter of cultural correctness in
+practice within the People’s Republic of China (PRC).
+The concealed nature of much of the policies in ques-
+tion means that, to date, the impacts of these policies
+have been systematically under-estimated by observers.
+Among our top-line findings is that the campaign is
+iterative and progressive in implementation. To date,
+we estimate that the campaign enforced the closure of
+approximately one third of all mosques in Ningxia Hui
+Autonomous Region. We suggest that these closures
+represent only the first stages of the campaign, and that
+further measures to affect party-state control will con-
+tinue to be implemented in the future. In our conclu-
+sion, we make a number of suggestions about where fu-
+ture research can continue to expand our understanding
+of this campaign and its influence on China’s Muslim
+communities.
diff --git a/content/Halal_Food_Guide_Urumqi__Four_Hui_Muslim_Banquet_Restaurants_and_Local_Dishes.md b/content/Halal_Food_Guide_Urumqi__Four_Hui_Muslim_Banquet_Restaurants_and_Local_Dishes.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5cf648b8591adc77df1b27c1ae1a658ed8cdc77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Food_Guide_Urumqi__Four_Hui_Muslim_Banquet_Restaurants_and_Local_Dishes.md
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Food Guide Urumqi: Four Hui Muslim Banquet Restaurants and Local Dishes"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3003"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3003"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:50Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "250807ef90f3451ba076bdd41562581e5c444a3f78b6e156abdc0fd51b9f2ca8"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Food Guide Urumqi: Four Hui Muslim Banquet Restaurants and Local Dishes
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Urumqi food account introduces four Hui Muslim banquet restaurants and the dishes that shape local halal dining. The English version keeps the original restaurant names, photos, food details, and practical observations without adding outside claims.
+
+I returned to Urumqi for a wedding and ate at four Hui Muslim restaurants. I am sharing my experience with you now.
+
+Silk Road Rice Fragrance (Silu Mixiang) is a restaurant in the New District where Hui Muslims host guests. It has a large private room that can seat twenty people at two tables.
+
+We started the meal with three-tier tea (sanpaotai), which includes goji berries, red dates, and rock sugar. Then the dishes arrived: spinach with chickpeas, cold-tossed beef shank, beef stew with vermicelli, dry-pot beef tripe, beef medley, sauced meat-stuffed tofu (jiasha), sweet platter (tianpanzi), stir-fried bean sprouts with chives, snowflake meatballs, stir-fried black and white lung, steamed opium fish, lamb with braised flatbread, sauced stuffed eggplant, and stir-fried mushrooms. This included traditional Hui Muslim banquet dishes like meat-stuffed tofu (jiasha) and sweet platter (tianpanzi), as well as newer banquet dishes that have become popular in Urumqi over the last few decades, such as snowflake meatballs and steamed opium fish. These dishes represent the current taste of Hui Muslim banquets in Urumqi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bfaud4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0jhh4b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z5ma17.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yjzsw5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u30da3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ewosko.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4c72tg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t15vyk.jpg)
+
+The Jinyue Loulan Banquet Hall in Anningqu Cultural Tourism Town has a great environment. It is very spacious, bright, and the banquet hall is huge.
+
+Before the meal starts, they set out nine appetizer plates, usually filled with dried fruits, preserved fruits, candies, and small pieces of fruit. Then they clear the appetizer plates to officially start the meal, serving cold dishes first, followed by hot dishes, and finally the main courses. We ate cold-tossed beef, spinach with gluten, cold-tossed chicken, fern root noodles, stir-fried beef tripe, Dongxiang-style hand-grabbed lamb (shouzhuayangrou), yellow noodles with grilled meat, sweet platter (tianpanzi), vegetarian pilaf, flower-roll chicken, meat-stuffed tofu (jiasha), yellow-braised meat, steamed opium fish, and meatballs. Dishes at traditional Urumqi banquets are generally lighter than street food, with less chili and salt. The cold-tossed chicken is not made into spicy peppercorn chicken (jiaomaji), which actually suits the tastes of people from inland China better.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/llla9k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lauzmu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/376v3a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zkzbhz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h4btdz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x73md8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hnmfee.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cwj9yq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vijpw1.jpg)
+
+Jinhaiwan is the most popular Hui Muslim banquet hall in the Dawan area of Urumqi. I held my own wedding here five years ago, and coming back now brings back many memories. The cold dishes at the banquet included spicy beef shank, cold-tossed chicken, blueberry yam, and mixed vegetable salad. Hot dishes included hand-grabbed lamb (shouzhuayangrou), yellow-braised beef, oil-seared meat, sauced meat-stuffed tofu (jiasha), yellow noodles with grilled meat, steamed sea bass, stir-fried meat with Awei mushrooms, red-braised meatballs, lotus root and lily stir-fry, and sweet platter (tianpanzi). The staples included thin-skinned buns (baopi baozi), oil towers (youtazi), pilaf with preserved fruits, and grilled flatbread. I was too busy to really eat at my own wedding, but this time I finally enjoyed a great meal.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nt0hag.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tlpgbu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h6b0sl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jul9ou.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5pjx28.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ym7anc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d3jpdg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4z7euc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fb3p7k.jpg)
+
+The next day, we went to Jiamei Banquet on Liyushan Road for the post-wedding meal (xiatang). We ate cold-tossed chicken, cold-tossed beef shank, oil-seared meat, spinach with gluten, braised meat-stuffed tofu (jiasha), oil towers (youtazi), stir-fried beef tripe, sweet platter (tianpanzi), hand-grabbed meat (shouzhuarou), yellow noodles with grilled meat, red-braised carp, yellow-braised meat, pearl meatballs, and soup. For the post-wedding meal, the restaurant also provides a bowl of minced meat noodles (saozimian). This place is the best among the Hui Muslim banquet restaurants I have tried in Urumqi. The lamb is the most tender and fresh, and the beef shank has the best texture and is the most flavorful. Their minced meat noodles (saozimian) are also delicious and very satisfying. However, they do not have as many tables, so they are used more for engagement parties or post-wedding meals, and are a bit small for a full wedding.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fxw722.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/972i5f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1ff1c2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2q4mco.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ljdaqz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o933rr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qg2st9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7fd3uh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dzsd2w.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Food_Guide_Urumqi__Hui_Muslim_Home_Cooking_and_15_Traditional_Dishes__Part.md b/content/Halal_Food_Guide_Urumqi__Hui_Muslim_Home_Cooking_and_15_Traditional_Dishes__Part.md
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+++ b/content/Halal_Food_Guide_Urumqi__Hui_Muslim_Home_Cooking_and_15_Traditional_Dishes__Part.md
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Food Guide Urumqi: Hui Muslim Home Cooking and 15 Traditional Dishes (Part 1)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2983"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2983"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:37Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "74dfed9957a60b6f4323936808f6086627c31bc4e518866ea38bbae132d31293"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Food Guide Urumqi: Hui Muslim Home Cooking and 15 Traditional Dishes (Part 1)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Urumqi Hui Muslim Home Cooking: 15 Halal Dishes is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: My mother-in-law came to Beijing in March and made us 15 Urumqi Hui Muslim dishes: big plate chicken with belt noodles (dapanji pidaimian), lamb hand-torn noodle soup (yangrou jiupianzi), Xinjiang meatball soup. The account keeps its focus on Urumqi Halal Food, Hui Muslim Food, Xinjiang Travel while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+My mother-in-law came to Beijing in March and made us 15 Urumqi Hui Muslim dishes: big plate chicken with belt noodles (dapanji pidaimian), lamb hand-torn noodle soup (yangrou jiupianzi), Xinjiang meatball soup (xinjiang wanzitang), dry-mixed noodles with lamb bean paste (yangrou zhajiang ganbanmian), lamb sour soup wontons (yangrou suantang huntun), Jingzhe oil tea eggs (jingzhe youcha dan), thin-skinned buns (baopi baozi), lamb vermicelli soup (yangrou fentang), cold-dressed chicken (liangban ji), diced stir-fried noodles (dingding chaomian), sour soup noodles with minced meat (suantang saozi mian), fragrant bean flower rolls (xiangdou huajuan), plate noodles (panzi mian), flavored fried starch jelly (fengwei zha menzi), and lamb and celery dumplings (yangrou qincai jiaozi). Since the official account can only insert 10 video channel clips, I will share the first 8 this time.
+
+**1. Big plate chicken with belt noodles (dapanji pidaimian)**
+
+My mother-in-law brought free-range chicken all the way from Urumqi. First, stir-fry the chicken with plenty of oil. Add chicken pieces, dried chili skins (lapizi), and ginger slices to the pot. Then add salt, Sichuan peppercorn powder, black pepper powder, tomato paste, bean paste, green onions, and garlic. Stir-fry until the blood is gone, then add soy sauce. Next, stew the chicken in a pressure cooker, adding water, the chicken, and potato chunks. After opening the pot, take out the potatoes, then add green onions, garlic, and vinegar.
+
+Once finished, stretch the belt noodles; they taste best soaked in the big plate chicken broth.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ro67e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ta98ht.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b16z13.jpg)
+
+**2. Lamb hand-torn noodle soup (yangrou jiupianzi)**
+
+First, stir-fry lamb slices with tomatoes (yangshizi), green onions, and garlic. Add soy sauce and stir-fried potato slices, then add water. Stretch the dough and tear off small pieces into the pot. Finally, add black pepper powder and cilantro, and finish with a splash of vinegar.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h0qw7e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ima0s8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6e8xnv.jpg)
+
+**3. Xinjiang meatball soup (xinjiang wanzitang)**
+
+For the Iftar meal, my mother-in-law made this Xinjiang specialty meatball soup using meat ground fresh at the Ma family shop in Douban Alley. The secret to the fried meatballs is pouring hot oil over the black pepper powder while mixing the filling. The best base for the meatball soup is broth made from beef marrow bones. You can add side dishes like spinach, king oyster mushrooms, tofu, carrots, or wood ear mushrooms.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8m1x4k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h23xkv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6nfw9z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/50n460.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ziq1jk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fwgb7x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w5k5y5.jpg)
+
+**4. Dry-mixed noodles with lamb bean paste (yangrou zhajiang ganbanmian)**
+
+Zainab said Urumqi has its own local version of bean paste noodles. I had never noticed it before and was very curious, so I finally got to eat it this time. These are hand-rolled cut noodles; our cutting board is still not quite big enough. Besides lamb, the bean paste sauce includes potatoes, carrots, and celery. It uses Pixian bean paste, so the flavor is completely different from Beijing-style bean paste noodles.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b4sr6l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oqrh1s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kmhscp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dxmhkl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/li82nn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wb9o3z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bderb5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/szuto1.jpg)
+
+**5. Lamb sour soup wontons (yangrou suantang huntun)**
+
+I especially love the stewed lamb sour soup wontons (hong dong) made by Xinjiang Hui Muslims. After the lamb is stewed, add tomatoes, spinach, scallions, and cilantro. The wontons have the classic lamb and onion (piyazi) filling.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xksi5g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e9es4n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gb6ooy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uhq3cg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aq7iwl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1oq1xl.jpg)
+
+**6. Jingzhe oil tea eggs (jingzhe youcha dan)**
+
+March 5th is the Awakening of Insects (Jingzhe), when all things come back to life. In the morning, we ate this seasonal Xinjiang Hui Muslim delicacy, Jingzhe oil tea eggs. Stir-fry eggs with dried fruits like raisins and walnut kernels, then pour in brewed brick tea and add rock sugar. Traditional oil tea with egg (youcha dan) must be stir-fried with mutton fat, but we use olive oil.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6fy4vh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q76nqd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z9silh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c5l2af.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fnblg7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hxhmaa.jpg)
+
+**7. Thin-skinned steamed buns (baopi baozi)**
+
+Thin-skinned steamed buns (manti) filled with mutton and onions. Manti is a classic Silk Road snack. It spread to Central and West Asia with Turkic soldiers during the Mongol conquests and was later spread further by the Ottoman Empire. The word manti comes from mantou. Even today, the Wu dialect uses mantou to refer to meat-filled flour dishes. In 1330, the first year of the Zhishun era of the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial physician Hu Sihui wrote the Principles of Correct Diet (Yinshan Zhengyao). It records many ways to make mantou, all using mutton, mutton fat, green onions, dried tangerine peel, and salt for the filling. It even mentions the term thin-skinned mantou.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jd16km.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8o9mds.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wi9sgp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ibpm1m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qvpvrd.jpg)
+
+**8. Mutton noodle soup (yangrou fentang)**
+
+This is the festive noodle soup made during the Mawlid (Zhuo Bailati). First, braise the mutton, then stir the pea starch and let it sit overnight before cutting it into starch blocks. Next, make a topping with cabbage, small radishes, mutton slices, and tomatoes. When you eat it, soak some fried dough (youxiang) in the soup.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/crijab.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6egm6s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d8rdoi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0sfa0p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/puafnb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z8z7o1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wf18dc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tuttug.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mrahdh.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Changying__Beijing___Fatimah_Festival_and_Eight_Bowl_Feast.md b/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Changying__Beijing___Fatimah_Festival_and_Eight_Bowl_Feast.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f428818e95f4a5c4301a5b83a117a25373fa5f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Changying__Beijing___Fatimah_Festival_and_Eight_Bowl_Feast.md
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Food Guide: Changying, Beijing - Fatimah Festival and Eight-Bowl Feast"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2329"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2329"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:49Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "58362a7650d5e6b4024e53bfb074ef215401ff0215561545bb88ad277dd86948"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Food Guide: Changying, Beijing - Fatimah Festival and Eight-Bowl Feast
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Beijing travel account follows a Fatimah festival gathering in Changying and a traditional Hui Muslim eight-bowl feast. It keeps the original details on the meal, community setting, religious customs, and local food culture in clear English.
+
+Today is the 15th day of the 6th month of the Islamic calendar. Nine female elders from Changying, Beijing, organized the annual Fatimah gathering at the Changying Service Center to commemorate Lady Fatimah. The gathering began with an imam explaining the significance of remembering Lady Fatimah, followed by the recitation of the Quran and a closing dua. Afterward, we enjoyed the traditional North China banquet known as the Eight Great Bowls (badawan), which includes eight dishes: beef, meatballs, crispy meat (songrou), lamb offal, radish, kelp, yam, and fried tofu. The mix of meat and vegetables was delicious. As traditional villages disappear, most people now choose to hold religious gatherings (nieti) at restaurants with stir-fried dishes. It is truly rare to have the chance to experience a traditional outdoor banquet.
+
+Lady Fatimah was the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad and Lady Khadijah, the wife of Imam Ali, and the mother of Imam Hasan and Imam Husayn. The Prophet Muhammad considered her his dearest person and the most outstanding woman in history, believing she would be the first to enter Paradise. Lady Fatimah’s virtues of kindness, generosity, and filial piety serve as a model for all Muslim women, which is why people organize to commemorate her every year.
+
+As the wife of Imam Ali, the first Imam of the Shia, Lady Fatimah has always held a high status in the Shia tradition. Iran celebrates Lady Fatimah’s birthday as Mother’s Day, and her death anniversary is known as Fatimiyya. Grand commemorations are held in countries like Iran, Iraq, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, and Tajikistan, where people take to the streets to mourn and build models of Lady Fatimah’s house.
+
+Due to differences in historical records, there are many dates for Lady Fatimah’s death anniversary, but in North China, it is generally observed on the 15th day of the 6th month of the Islamic calendar. Around this date, Hui Muslim women organize Fatimah gatherings at various local mosques. People invite an imam to recite the Quran and lead a dua, while sharing stories of Lady Fatimah’s life. Those who are able will also fry oil-cakes (youxiang), cook meat porridge, and host banquets to mark the occasion. The Fatimah gathering, along with the Prophet’s birthday (sheng hui), Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha, make up the 'two festivals and two gatherings' of the Hui Muslims in North China, which is an important cultural tradition.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p3s001.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oarcda.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/khhz5k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cxgo7z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yiklsf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5ayctw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/444wzp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/egktqt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a91f0o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sfbp4z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/67j8m3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zj7vd7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q3pm4q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h57rrr.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Guangzhou___Hui_Youxiang_and_Yemeni_Food.md b/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Guangzhou___Hui_Youxiang_and_Yemeni_Food.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d06040acad74acc3ee2b3d10c434edc5446508b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Guangzhou___Hui_Youxiang_and_Yemeni_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Food Guide: Guangzhou — Hui Youxiang and Yemeni Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2192"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2192"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:58Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "b4166a7e6cf4f4c47293e222c1acc7850e59bc2290303bee8f6217e272cedfda"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Food Guide: Guangzhou — Hui Youxiang and Yemeni Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Halal Food Guide: Guangzhou — Hui Youxiang and Yemeni Food is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: I left Macau on January 23, 2023, to visit the Macau mosque known as Moro Garden (Moro Yuan). The account keeps its focus on Guangzhou Halal Food, Yemeni Food, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+I left Macau on January 23, 2023, to visit the Macau mosque known as Moro Garden (Moro Yuan). I ate delicious Indonesian Javanese food and wrote about it in my post, 'Moro Garden and Indonesian Food in Macau'. On the morning of January 25, I left Macau through the border gate to Zhuhai, then took a train to Guangzhou to start the second leg of my trip. This post covers the halal food I ate in Guangzhou. I will write about my visits to the mosque and the cemetery in the next post.
+
+I took the subway from Guangzhou Station to Taojin and started with a Turkish breakfast at MADO. MADO is famous for its ice cream made from goat milk sourced from the high mountain pastures of Mount Ahir in southeastern Turkey. Mount Ahir is near the epicenter of the recent major earthquake in Turkey. I pray they can get through this difficult time.
+
+MADO likely has the widest variety of breakfast options among Turkish restaurants in China. When I visited the Yiwu branch, I had the Sini breakfast for two, which came with a great selection of cheeses and jams. Since I was alone at the Guangzhou branch, I ordered the hot breakfast platter. It included grilled Turkish sausage (sujuk), grilled mushrooms with yellow cheese, grilled cheese, spring rolls filled with feta cheese, tomato and egg scramble (menemen), grilled peppers, grilled tomatoes, and fried potatoes, served with bread and Turkish black tea.
+
+The earliest record of sujuk sausage appears in the 1070s in the 'Compendium of the Turkic Dialects' (Divan-u Lugat-it-Turk) by Mahmud al-Kashgari. Similar versions exist in many parts of the Balkans, the Middle East, and Central Asia. Turkish sujuk is mainly made by mixing ground beef with beef fat, sheep tail fat, salt, cumin, garlic, chili, and other spices, then stuffing it into casings to dehydrate and ferment.
+
+The name for the tomato and egg scramble (menemen) comes from a town in Izmir, Turkey, and the word itself originally comes from Ancient Greek. Menemen served with bread is a classic Turkish breakfast combination. Besides tomatoes, eggs, and green peppers, this dish can also include onions, black pepper, oregano, garlic, and chili powder, depending on personal taste.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/83wdvl.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9yrk22.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e92beu.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u776ot.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8vr3m2.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nb9ooh.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6rx5ui.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fl54l3.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8gz1gp.png)
+
+At noon, I met my friend (dosti) Chen Yong, whom I had known for a long time. He is both a staff member and a volunteer at the Huaisheng Mosque. My friend treated me to Shache Halal Food across from the Huaisheng Mosque. It is the closest halal restaurant to the mosque's minaret. When the oil-fried meat noodles (youyourou banmian) and kebabs arrived, they looked perfect, and they tasted even more authentic than I expected! I really did not expect to find such delicious Xinjiang food in Guangzhou; it was just as good as what I ate in Shache. The hand-pulled noodles (latiaozi) were very thin, showing years of skill, and the oil-fried meat was cooked just right—not too hard and not too soft. The best part was their kebabs. They were grilled over charcoal and were very fresh and tender. I could close my eyes and imagine I was back at a bazaar in Southern Xinjiang.
+
+I rarely eat at Xinjiang restaurants when traveling in China because the taste often changes completely when the ingredients are different. But Shache Halal Food across from Huaisheng Mosque changed my mind. I will definitely eat there again next time I am in Guangzhou!
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/56aj6g.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zn2hg5.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/egqdpj.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uqhgn2.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ix7k77.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c940js.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qto8ae.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tw2md2.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0dk9j3.png)
+
+In the afternoon, I went to the Haopan Mosque in Guangzhou for the afternoon prayer (dhuhr) and met Master Yang, whom I had not seen in six years. Master Yang is a local Hui Muslim from Guangzhou and has been a mosque attendant at Haopan Mosque for 20 years. I drank tea and chatted with Master Yang, and I ate some fried dough (youxiang) made by local Guangzhou Hui Muslims for a charity event (chusan). This was my first time eating local Guangzhou youxiang. They were small, crispy, and sweet, almost like a pastry.
+
+Haopan Mosque is located on the banks of the Nanhao, a tributary of the Pearl River. It was first built during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in 1706 (the 45th year of the Kangxi Emperor). A scripture school was opened here during the Qianlong period, and a Hui language university was opened during the Tongzhi period. They hired many famous scripture teachers from Nanjing, Gansu, and Yunnan, training a large number of imams and playing a major role in the development of Islam in Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Macau.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/48tm9o.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bubs56.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8sv5wa.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/elym17.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xzhw21.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r0k2pl.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cvdt8g.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p27lzm.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lz6755.png)
+
+In the afternoon, I went to visit the Ancient Cemetery of the Worthies in Guangzhou. There is a well in the south courtyard of the cemetery called the Well of the Worthies. Legend says it was built to commemorate the worthy Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas. Many friends (dosti) drink a cup of water from the well after visiting the graves, and it really tastes sweet.
+
+The Ancient Cemetery of the Worthies in Guangzhou is commonly known as the Huihui Cemetery, the Great Man's Cemetery, or the Echoing Cemetery. It has been a burial ground for Muslims in Guangzhou since the Tang Dynasty. The earliest record of the Ancient Cemetery of the Worthies comes from 'One Hundred Poems of the South Sea' (Nanhai Baiyong) written by Fang Xinru in 1206 (the second year of the Kaixi period of the Southern Song Dynasty): 'The tombs of the foreigners are ten miles west of the city, thousands of them, all with heads to the south and facing west.'
+
+At the center of the ancient cemetery is the tomb of the legendary first worthy to come to China to preach, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (Saheb Saad Wakkas). Records show the status of the Tomb of Waqqas (Wangesu mu) rose during the Yuan and Ming dynasties. The Ming dynasty book Guangzhou Prefecture Records (Guangzhou fuzhi) notes: Every year, people of all surnames must visit the tomb to pay respects and recite scriptures, a tradition that continues to this day. Countries in the Western Regions respected this influence. Every time they sailed thousands of miles to Guangzhou, they considered visiting the tomb an honor. Even the most noble visitors would crawl and bow in Guangzhou to show their utmost sincerity.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fafib0.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qcn5d8.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gt9t9o.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/czvk6j.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qdqdjk.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wuza01.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vjd12d.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5m8clk.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ocv8a.png)
+
+In the evening, I went to Hadramout Restaurant, a long-standing Yemeni eatery that has been in Guangzhou's Xiaobei area for over a decade. Hadramout is now the name of a province in eastern Yemen, but it is also a very ancient term once used to refer to the coastal plains of the southern Arabian Peninsula. Residents here established the Kingdom of Hadramout as early as 1000 BC, and the people of Ad mentioned in the ancient Quran are said to have lived here as well.
+
+I visited Xiaobei in Guangzhou many times before 2019 and witnessed the glory of its Middle Eastern and African trade. Although the country has opened its borders again, the major trade centers have not yet recovered. The building where Hadramout is located used to be packed with shops doing foreign business, but now you can only feel the old bustle of Xiaobei inside their restaurant.
+
+Although there are several Arab restaurants in Beijing, they are all concentrated in the Levant region on the eastern Mediterranean coast, such as Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria. While they are all Arab, the cuisines of the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula, and the North African Maghreb region each have their own characteristics and are all worth trying. Coming to Guangzhou this time, I really wanted to try Yemeni food that I cannot get in Beijing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6bcav6.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pan27p.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qp13zs.png)
+
+At Hadramout, I had the Yemeni specialty Zurbian lamb and saffron rice (Zurbian yangrou zanghonghua menfan), a major dish served at Yemeni weddings, breaking the fast, and birthdays. The portion of rice is very large, making it suitable for two people. They give you a lot of meat. You might not see it well in the photo, but the rice is actually buried under all that meat. The meat is braised until very tender, and the texture and flavor are both excellent.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k6o8vo.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kg7m16.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p6y4gy.png)
+
+When eating Yemeni rice, you should pair it with the Yemeni specialty spicy sauce Sahawiq. This spicy sauce is made with fresh chili peppers, cilantro, garlic, salt, cumin, and parsley, mixed with olive oil and sometimes tomatoes. Their meat broth is also free to drink, and I think it tastes quite good.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pxxvwn.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bnzzjk.png)
+
+On the morning of January 26, I arrived right at 7:00 AM when the Guangzhou Hui Muslim Restaurant (Guangzhou Huimin fandian) opened for morning tea. Some elderly people had already taken seats, but there were still plenty of empty ones. Every time I visited Guangzhou before, I would go to the Hui Muslim Restaurant for morning tea, and I especially liked their lamb barbecue buns (yang chashaobao). Five years have passed in the blink of an eye, so I had to try them again on this trip.
+
+The Hui Muslim Restaurant can be called the last tear of local halal food in Guangzhou, serving as the final witness to the city's once-thriving local halal dining industry. The Hui Muslim Restaurant started as a halal canteen in 1956, with chefs coming from local halal eateries like Gaosheng Tea House, the Hui Muslim Fengcheng Roasted Meat Shop, and the Halal Deji Roasted Meat Shop. In 1959, the canteen merged with the Huabei Hotel and took over the second branch of Satangji, renaming itself the Hui Muslim Grand Hotel. It took over the Hui Muslim Ice Room in 1964 and moved to its current location on Zhongshan 6th Road in 1975, where it has been for nearly 50 years. Due to complex historical reasons and the changes in the local Muslim community during the 20th century, the local halal dining industry in Guangzhou declined. As a restaurant with nearly 70 years of history, it is quite an achievement for the Hui Muslim Restaurant to still be here today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sexel8.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a1xvj9.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t6ev7s.png)
+
+In 2016, I posted an article on Douban called The Morning and Night of Guangzhou Hui Muslim Restaurant, and I ate there several times in a row back then. I checked the morning tea menu from that time, and it was only on its 52nd edition; now it is already on its 70th. Except for the price increases on the dim sum, the variety has basically stayed the same. Besides the lamb barbecue buns I wanted most, I also ordered steamed chicken feet, water chestnut cake, chicken biscuits, and curry beef rice noodle rolls (changfen). When eating alone, you cannot order many things. I wanted to order more, but unfortunately, I was too full. The barbecue buns are still filled with soft, slightly sweet lamb and paired with salted egg yolk, which is very delicious. This was my first time eating chicken biscuits (jizaibing). They are said to be a very traditional recipe from Hui Muslims in Guangzhou, mixing the flavors of fermented bean curd (nanru) and dried tangerine peel (chenpi) to take you right back to old Guangzhou.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eklmdy.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5tkjca.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jt27l5.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1n8y9r.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/010ps9.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w7nwkr.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xolxc5.png)
+
+You should really take your time with morning tea (zaocha), ordering a few items at a time and adding more as you go. But because I had to head to Zhaoqing that day, I ate in a rush. While the grandparents at the next table were still looking at the menu and chatting, I had basically finished my meal. Although it wasn't as amazing as the first time I had halal Cantonese morning tea, I still felt very satisfied after finishing. It felt like the three years of being stuck were finally over, and I was relieved to be able to travel across the land again.
+
+By eight o'clock, the dining halls of the Hui Muslim restaurant were already full. If you don't want to get up early, buying some specialty steamed snacks at the takeout window by the entrance is a great option.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ec9xze.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n9c5yc.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t0cfc4.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sw3v2r.png)
+
+In the evening, I went to Sadda Restaurant, a long-standing Yemeni spot in Guangzhou's Xiaobei area that has been open for over a decade. Just like the Yemeni restaurant Honghui I visited the day before, they have regular tables and chairs, plus a room where you can sit on the floor to eat, just like in Yemen.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6veqpz.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/apbuvc.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9bvhwz.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/168yta.png)
+
+Sa'dah is an ancient capital in northwestern Yemen. It was founded in the late 9th century by Imam al-Hadi, the leader of the Zaydi branch of Shia Islam (the Five-Imam sect), and has been the stronghold of the Zaydi sect ever since. The Lasi dynasty founded by Imam al-Hadi lasted for over a thousand years (893-1962). The city of Sa'dah preserves the oldest Shia mosque on the Arabian Peninsula and many historical buildings from different periods, and it was added to the World Heritage Tentative List in 2002. After the Republic of Yemen was established, the Zaydis in the north and the Sunnis in the south were at odds for a long time. In 2004, Hussein al-Houthi, from the Zaydi Houthi tribe in Sa'dah, started the Houthi movement there. In 2011, they officially established a new government in Sa'dah, and the city has been under Houthi control ever since. During the 2015 war, the Arab coalition launched airstrikes on Sa'dah, and the city's oldest Great Mosque of Imam al-Hadi was severely damaged.
+
+When you come to Guangzhou to eat at a Yemeni restaurant, you must try the classic Yemeni dish Fahsa, a lamb stew served with Mulawah flatbread. For Fahsa, the lamb must be stewed until it is very tender. It starts in a large pot and is then moved to a small stone pot to continue simmering. Besides ginger, garlic, and cumin, you must add a spice called fenugreek (hulbah) when stewing the meat. Fenugreek is actually what people in Northwest China often call xiangdouzi. People in the Northwest dry the leaves and grind them into powder to steam buns, while Yemenis grind the seeds to stew meat. Fenugreek seeds expand when they hit water, and they foam up very easily when you stir them in a bowl.
+
+Mulawah flatbread is traditionally baked in an Arabian clay oven called a tannur. It is very fragrant with wheat and quite large. You can tear the flatbread apart to scoop up the Fahsa lamb stew, or soak it in the broth; both ways are delicious. Also, you should eat it with Sahawiq dipping sauce, which contains fresh green chili, cilantro, garlic, salt, cumin, and parsley.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/46apf8.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5uz2yd.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uulnuf.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lucgu1.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w7zyty.png)
+
+Finally, here are a few photos of Baohan Straight Street in Xiaobei, Guangzhou, at night. This area is known as Guangzhou's Muslim street.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mpcdxr.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rzk91y.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ttvhvd.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ljbn09.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h750db.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jnwnoh.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a011tg.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qobd6q.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7t76n6.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wd6q5j.png)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Linxia_Night_Market___Hui_Muslim_Snacks_and_Street_Food.md b/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Linxia_Night_Market___Hui_Muslim_Snacks_and_Street_Food.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..54279de2847b76aecad440fb7b83b59144dbe090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Linxia_Night_Market___Hui_Muslim_Snacks_and_Street_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Food Guide: Linxia Night Market — Hui Muslim Snacks and Street Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1999"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1999"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:42Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "2eb275a3f0e7167b02e8b502c3868cc237dddc188fabe74a89a9a98e8d5d73b9"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Food Guide: Linxia Night Market — Hui Muslim Snacks and Street Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Halal Food Guide: Linxia Night Market — Hui Muslim Snacks and Street Food is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: I went to Gansu in May 2019 to listen to folk songs (hua'er), then stopped by Linxia to explore the food. The account keeps its focus on Linxia Food, Halal Snacks, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+I went to Gansu in May 2019 to listen to folk songs (hua'er), then stopped by Linxia to explore the food.
+
+**Linxia North Street Night Market**
+
+Every day after sunset, Linxia North Street turns into a lively night market for snacks.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v63rso.jpg)
+
+This Dongxiang stall was packed with customers. Listening to the young man speak the Dongxiang language, which sounds a lot like Mongolian, felt like stepping back into the Mongol Empire era.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d9kxta.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t08haq.jpg)
+
+I had lamb clay pot (yangrou shaguo) and lamb skewers (yangrou chuan). The clay pot tasted very fresh and delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/50vs4a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h6n9vw.jpg)
+
+I also ate lamb head at this shop. The name 'Nuhai' actually refers to Noah from Noah's Ark. The stir-fried lamb head meat, steamed lamb brains, and steamed lamb neck were all incredibly tasty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sn851i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r50od5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nv54ax.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3t42jd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hufi4q.jpg)
+
+**Lamb brains**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9hig7k.jpg)
+
+I ate old-broth chicken (laotang ji) at this shop, but when I returned in 2021, this row of stalls at the night market was gone.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7q3gvq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i3ka8x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/whm7yp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ct4di8.jpg)
+
+**Linxia snacks**
+
+Linxia has all kinds of snacks during the day, but since I visited right after Eid al-Fitr, many restaurants were closed. Linxia's thick flatbread (guokui) is made with bitter bean herb (kudou), which gives it a special fragrance that I really like.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oig0a0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lhl4rl.jpg)
+
+At this shop, I tried cold buckwheat noodles (qiaofen). They taste different from regular cold wheat noodles (liangpi) and are very unique.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/byjlmf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ooug4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/45vsfo.jpg)
+
+I had old-braised noodles (laolu mian) and Hezhou steamed buns (Hezhou baozi) at this shop. The old-braised noodles were very rich and had a thick, hearty texture. The buns were filled with radish, and you could see the golden Sichuan peppercorn oil seeping through.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fmj8xx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vwlfbm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r4wij2.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Shanghai___Hui_Muslim_Snacks_and_Beef_Pan_Fried_Buns.md b/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Shanghai___Hui_Muslim_Snacks_and_Beef_Pan_Fried_Buns.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10c59b305d1a811eb2fe215b1467493adaf62b3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Shanghai___Hui_Muslim_Snacks_and_Beef_Pan_Fried_Buns.md
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Food Guide: Shanghai - Hui Muslim Snacks and Beef Pan-Fried Buns"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2637"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2637"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:05Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "93452e65615e591bfea401b272c6d49301dcc5e1432566ac4a6eefd38ab07b1e"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Food Guide: Shanghai - Hui Muslim Snacks and Beef Pan-Fried Buns
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Shanghai one-day halal food tour starts with Xiao Pang Beef Pan-Fried Buns at the Yongji Road farmers' market in Yangpu District. It preserves the source's shop names, Hui Muslim owners, neighborhood context, food descriptions, exhibition stop, and photographs.
+
+I came to Shanghai on New Year's Day to see the Mughal, Persian, and Ottoman art exhibition at the Pudong Art Museum, and I took the chance to go on a one-day food tour of local Muslim eateries.
+
+On the food street at the Yongji Road farmers' market in Yangpu District, Shanghai, there is a shop called Xiao Pang Beef Pan-fried Buns (xiaopang niurou jianbao). The owner is Pang Xinhuai, a Hui Muslim friend (dost) from Henan. He has been running his beef pan-fried bun shop in Shanghai for 31 years, and he is very popular with the locals.
+
+I went to his shop early on New Year's Day for buns. Every batch is sold out immediately by the people waiting in line, so you can almost always get them fresh out of the pan. I didn't see any tourists taking photos when I was there; it was mostly residents from the neighborhood stopping by after grocery shopping.
+
+Their pan-fried buns are very juicy, so be careful not to splash yourself when you take a bite. The buns are very fragrant with a thick skin. I think two are enough for an average person, and one is plenty for someone with a small appetite. I also had their beef vermicelli soup (niurou fensi tang). The flavor is rich and the vermicelli is chewy, which is perfect for winter. They also have flatbread with cumin (qiangbing) and scallion egg pancakes (cong hua jidan bing). Unfortunately, the flatbread was sold out when I arrived. The egg pancake is quite mild, which is good if you prefer lighter flavors.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8xz57g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/guk594.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kw38dw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9c4cnh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qynd3c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x610gx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kcnvc4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2kgt8t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qq55o8.jpg)
+
+The snack shops run by Henan Hui Muslims in Shanghai mainly fall into two types. Besides beef pan-fried buns, there are also shops focusing on the classic Shanghai breakfast quartet of flatbread (dabing) and fried dough sticks (youtiao). I visited one on Lingyan South Road in Lingzhao New Village, Pudong, and they are also very popular with local residents.
+
+Their most famous item is the old-fashioned flatbread, which is made fresh in the oven and served piping hot. They serve the flatbread with sweet tofu pudding (douhua) and savory soy milk (xianjiang). Savory soy milk, along with flatbread, fried dough sticks, and sticky rice rolls (cifan), are known as the four pillars of a Shanghai breakfast. It is very different from the soy milk we drink in the north and is not just simple salty soy milk. Savory soy milk is made by adding vinegar to soy milk to create soft curds, then topped with seaweed, pickled mustard greens, and dried shrimp. It is very comforting to eat in the morning with fried dough sticks.
+
+It was my first time having a sticky rice roll. It is made by steaming a mix of glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice, then wrapping it around fried dough sticks and pickled mustard greens. The portion is huge; I didn't expect Shanghai people to have such a filling breakfast!
+
+Besides the rolls, they have sticky rice cakes (cifan gao). These are made by mixing glutinous and non-glutinous rice with salt, pressing them into blocks, and frying them. The outside is crispy, while the inside still has the texture of rice. Their fried radish cakes (youdunzi) are also delicious, filled with shredded white radish.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fdo0q6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gfelgu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gy23mc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yq3l1i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sei68e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s3hc4d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/96x6df.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hc8105.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s5pb2q.jpg)
+
+Shanghai-style Muslim cuisine has a long history. After Shanghai opened as a port in 1843 (the 23rd year of the Daoguang reign), Hui Muslims from Nanjing began selling halal food in the city. Over the next hundred years, this gradually developed into Shanghai-style Muslim cuisine. During the Xianfeng reign, Nanjing Hui Muslims founded the He Wanxing tea shop in the Nanshi district of Shanghai. It was later renamed Huifenglou Restaurant. Huifenglou was famous for its Huifeng beef pot, stir-fried yellow crab with oil and soy sauce, and braised river eel in a rich, dark sauce. They also served thumb-sized beef rice dumplings (zongzi) and silver thread rolls (yinsi juan), making Shanghai-style Muslim cuisine very famous for a time.
+
+Due to historical reasons, Shanghai-style Muslim cuisine gradually declined in the late 20th century and slowly faded from public view. In the 1980s, the most authentic Shanghai-style Muslim food was found at the predecessor to the Guan Guan Ji restaurant, which was a Muslim restaurant. Today, if you want to taste Shanghai-style Muslim cuisine, you can choose the long-established Yixinzhai, which opened in 1958 and is recognized as a Shanghai intangible cultural heritage.
+
+I first visited Yixinzhai when I was researching Muslim communities along the Yangtze River in 2017. Back then, I went to the old shop on Liangzhou Road. That shop is temporarily closed now, but you can find the new temporary location just a little further down the street. I was alone last time and only had the shredded eel cold noodles, three-yellow chicken (sanhuangji), and shaved ice. This time, I brought my whole family so we could try their stir-fried dishes.
+
+We ordered sizzling oil shredded eel (xiangyou shansi), crab roe tofu, crystal shrimp, and Yangzhou fried rice. At first, we wanted to order plain stir-fried shredded eel, but the server said that version is just eel. The sizzling oil version is stir-fried with water bamboo (jiaobai). I thought the version with water bamboo tasted better. The shredded eel was quite oily and had a strong savory sauce. It tasted a lot like stir-fried chicken cubes with bean paste (jiangbao jiding), but the texture of the eel was better. The kids really loved the crystal shrimp and Yangzhou fried rice and ate a lot of both. The shrimp had a great texture and tasted very fresh. I really liked the crab roe tofu. It went perfectly with rice and had a very rich crab flavor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vjop68.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2lv3vd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ukrn96.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/idieoj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m0yci9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p725s4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jnpvcx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z6cyo5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/965k5e.jpg)
+
+I want to mention that in some areas, Hui Muslims follow dietary customs like only eating ruminants, avoiding scaleless fish, or not eating rabbit. I have never seen these customs in any Muslim community abroad, and they are not recorded in any religious texts or legal treatises. I later learned about this in an article by Yahya Dosti titled "What are the non-halal foods mentioned in religious texts?" The article explains that these dietary habits actually come from the Jewish scripture, the Book of Leviticus in the Old Testament. He suggests that when the "Blue-capped Hui" (lanmao huihui) Jewish descendants in Kaifeng, Henan, integrated into the Hui Muslim community, they brought some Jewish customs with them, leading to this cultural fusion.
+
+If you are a Hui Muslim who respects tradition, you can choose to follow these customs yourself. However, you have no right to criticize others for eating scaleless fish or rabbit, as these are just folk customs and have nothing to do with faith.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/824nlf.png)
+
+Yixinzhai also sells traditional pastries from the Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai regions. We bought a box of victory cakes (dingsheng gao), which are made from glutinous rice, non-glutinous rice, and red rice flour with a red bean paste filling. They were quite hard when we bought them, but after steaming them again at home, the texture returned to normal.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l8wwpd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w1d5zr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lhjqkr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1hlsg2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7x8g8y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kprbw0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xlqfty.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/846dit.jpg)
+
+In the evening, we ate at a Malaysian restaurant called Secret Taste (Mizhiwei) in the Qiantan area of Shanghai. Although there are Malaysian restaurants in Beijing, they are usually run by Malaysian Chinese. If you want to taste authentic Malaysian Muslim food, you have to come to Secret Taste. It is clean and alcohol-free.
+
+The restaurant is in the underground food court of Qiantan 31. It is easy to drive directly into the parking garage, and it is right next to Qiantan Taikoo Li, which is great for shopping.
+
+Their head chef, Shah, is from Kuala Lumpur and spent 20 years as an executive chef at five-star hotels. When we arrived, the chef was at the bar making drinks. Most of the diners were Malaysian Muslims, many of whom seemed to be families visiting Shanghai.
+
+We ordered beef rendang rice, three-color milk tea, Hainanese chicken rice, handmade fish cakes, Nyonya yam rolls, and coconut bubur cha cha. Their beef rendang rice is very authentic and definitely feels like being back in Malaysia. The beef was even softer and more tender than what we ate in Malaysia, which suits the Chinese palate. It would be even better if we could choose turmeric rice or pandan rice to go with it.
+
+Beef rendang likely originated from curry brought by Indian merchants who came to trade on Sumatra before the 15th century, which then developed alongside the local diet of the Minangkabau people. The Minangkabau people have always been known for their business skills and are the most mobile ethnic group in Southeast Asia. In the early 14th century, the Minangkabau crossed the Strait of Malacca to reach the Malay Peninsula, where they married local Malays and blended into the Malay population. The main ingredients for beef stew (rendang) are meat, coconut milk, chili, and various spices. To suit the needs of Minangkabau merchants on long voyages, the stew is simmered over low heat until it becomes rich and dry, allowing it to be stored for several weeks.
+
+Their three-layer milk tea (teh tarik) is also very good. Three-layer milk tea is made with palm sugar, milk, and black tea to create three distinct colors, and it has a very rich flavor.
+
+I also really like the fish crackers (keropok lekor) and yam rolls; they are rare and delicious Malay specialties.
+
+Their chicken satay (satay ayam) also tastes good. Satay originated on the island of Java, where Javanese people developed it based on the South Asian grilled skewers (kebab) brought by Indian merchants. The word satay comes from the South Indian Tamil word 'catai,' which literally means 'meat'. After the 19th century, the Javanese brought satay to the Malay Peninsula, and it became a classic Malay snack.
+
+It is a pity that their Hainanese chicken rice is not good. I have eaten delicious Hainanese chicken rice made by Malay friends (dosti) many times in Malaysia. But their chicken is very icy, as if it was just taken out of the refrigerator. The rice cooked in chicken broth actually tastes good, but it does not go well with the cold chicken.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lcvoes.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vp403w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nf4tu4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5gth61.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yaho3c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mhu65n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qrvzjf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8o08to.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r7j7vi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aafw5x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rndmmu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fh4b8a.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Songpan___Hui_Muslim_Snacks_in_Sichuan.md b/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Songpan___Hui_Muslim_Snacks_in_Sichuan.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a3daa86f5fd112060d55bec59571ccaf83e08b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Songpan___Hui_Muslim_Snacks_in_Sichuan.md
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Food Guide: Songpan - Hui Muslim Snacks in Sichuan"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2610"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2610"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:05Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "d5a549b1a3f2f046e2fd678dd9720fd656aad463432c637505d579931fc563a8"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Food Guide: Songpan - Hui Muslim Snacks in Sichuan
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Songpan's Hui Muslim snack culture includes local noodles, breads, beef and lamb dishes, and small shops around the old city. This food note preserves the source's dish names, restaurant details, street context, and Hui Muslim community observations.
+
+I want to share the Hui Muslim culture of Songzhou City in Songpan, Sichuan with you all. Songpan and Xichang are the two areas in Sichuan with the largest Hui Muslim populations and strong religious traditions. The difference is that Songpan is influenced by Gansu, while Xichang has closer ties to Yunnan.
+
+Hui Muslims have lived in Songpan for over 700 years. In 1271 (the eighth year of the Zhiyuan era of the Yuan Dynasty), after the Mongols conquered Tibet, they established the Songpan Dangdie Weimao Military and Civilian Pacification Commission. The administrative center was in Songpan, and Hui Muslim soldiers were sent there to guard the area. Some of these people settled down and became the first Hui Muslims in Songpan. According to the genealogy of the Mi family of Hui Muslims in Songpan, their ancestor arrived during the Yuan Dynasty with the Mongol Prince Wangsang. During the Yuan Dynasty, Dongshan Mosque (Dongshan Si) was built in Dongyu Village, east of Songzhou City. It was destroyed in the wars at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and was the first mosque in Songpan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mtdnvw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0zmpj1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pr50az.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b9jcw6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pnp0oz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2tg44o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8zij7c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jo8db8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/av36ji.jpg)
+
+I stayed at the Fanfang Silk Road Hotel in Songpan. It is not inside the ancient Songzhou City, but in the new district to the north. However, you can ride a shared electric scooter to the ancient city, which is quite convenient. The hotel breakfast is simple, but it is halal. The restaurant thoughtfully explains how to eat roasted barley flour (zhanba). You put the zhanba and yak butter (suyou) in a bowl, pour in brick tea (macha), and you can also add dried cheese curds (naizha).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1nfksh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g3zu38.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/03i9t5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/369p5z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nbyq4m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jyow0y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9t9v7m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eddyor.jpg)
+
+On the streets of the ancient Songzhou City in Sichuan during winter, if you have eaten too much yak beef, you can buy some soft citrus (papagan) from a brother named Dosti at the city gate to quench your thirst. Soft citrus (papagan) usually hits the market every December, and I ate them when I visited at the beginning of this year.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/19fjca.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xbd7d6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kdva3c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b1lo8n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6fwwo9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3zyql9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2kykb5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/93fp0d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9hmnqb.jpg)
+
+Some local snacks inside the ancient Songzhou City. Fresh beef offal (xian niuza) with steamed flower rolls (huajuan), handmade pickled vegetable noodle soup (suancai mianpian), and street-style highland barley milk tea (qingke naicha). The fresh beef offal (xian niuza) is mainly made of beef tripe, beef intestine, and beef tongue. Compared to those in the interior of China, it is relatively lighter and has a more natural flavor. Pickled vegetable noodle soup (suancai mianpian), also called suancai miankuai, is a common dish for the Hui, Han, Tibetan, and Qiang people here. The pickled vegetables are naturally fermented, the dough is torn by hand and boiled on the spot, and yak butter is added to enhance the flavor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/azi0dp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0wbu4u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dg1z8v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tezrg0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ai09oe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nw34x1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2mexhg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nwrwgp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5l4tup.jpg)
+
+At Deying Fresh Beef Offal, I had beef pastry (niurou subing) with yak butter tea (suyoucha). The beef pastry (niurou subing) here has more green onions and is a bit oilier. The yak butter tea (suyoucha) has a large piece of yak butter in it, which is very high in calories and suitable for the high-altitude environment. I also had a bowl of fermented rice and egg soup (laozao dan) at Cancan Snacks. After eating too much spicy food in Sichuan, you need a bowl of fermented rice and egg soup (laozao dan) to cleanse your palate.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pwwfwu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g8ckje.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/snew1e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kk57yk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bezoou.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6cmh8m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jzcdau.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8vv7la.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a0r4um.jpg)
+
+The Huiwei Snacks shop on Xiashuiguan Halal Street is very popular with locals. I ate potato rice cakes (yangyu ciba) and pickled vegetable noodle soup (suancai fentan) there. Food on the plateau is quite simple. Potato mash (yangyu ciba) is made by steaming potatoes, pounding them, cutting them into pieces, and drizzling them with chili oil. It tastes great. Pickled vegetable and vermicelli soup (suancai fentan) is served hot and is perfect for winter, though it is quite spicy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i8vkeb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bmglsb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/273ksj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/494gan.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4zn1n6.jpg)
+
+Inside the ancient city of Songzhou, you can find yak meat skewers everywhere. They cost 10 yuan for 10 skewers, freshly cut and grilled, and they taste delicious with some local handmade yogurt.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/id1o52.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k1bc7k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/13dsa2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cq4vma.jpg)
+
diff --git a/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Urumqi___Four_Hui_Muslim_Banquet_Restaurants.md b/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Urumqi___Four_Hui_Muslim_Banquet_Restaurants.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..876c9d50bbaf61c5b4190cde78e8ba07a0039158
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Urumqi___Four_Hui_Muslim_Banquet_Restaurants.md
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Food Guide: Urumqi — Four Hui Muslim Banquet Restaurants"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2467"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2467"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:44Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "250807ef90f3451ba076bdd41562581e5c444a3f78b6e156abdc0fd51b9f2ca8"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Food Guide: Urumqi — Four Hui Muslim Banquet Restaurants
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Urumqi food account introduces four Hui Muslim banquet restaurants and the dishes that shape local halal dining. The English version keeps the original restaurant names, photos, food details, and practical observations without adding outside claims.
+
+I returned to Urumqi for a wedding and ate at four Hui Muslim restaurants. I am sharing my experience with you now.
+
+Silk Road Rice Fragrance (Silu Mixiang) is a restaurant in the New District where Hui Muslims host guests. It has a large private room that can seat twenty people at two tables.
+
+We started the meal with three-tier tea (sanpaotai), which includes goji berries, red dates, and rock sugar. Then the dishes arrived: spinach with chickpeas, cold-tossed beef shank, beef stew with vermicelli, dry-pot beef tripe, beef medley, sauced meat-stuffed tofu (jiasha), sweet platter (tianpanzi), stir-fried bean sprouts with chives, snowflake meatballs, stir-fried black and white lung, steamed opium fish, lamb with braised flatbread, sauced stuffed eggplant, and stir-fried mushrooms. This included traditional Hui Muslim banquet dishes like meat-stuffed tofu (jiasha) and sweet platter (tianpanzi), as well as newer banquet dishes that have become popular in Urumqi over the last few decades, such as snowflake meatballs and steamed opium fish. These dishes represent the current taste of Hui Muslim banquets in Urumqi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bfaud4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0jhh4b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z5ma17.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yjzsw5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u30da3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ewosko.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4c72tg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t15vyk.jpg)
+
+The Jinyue Loulan Banquet Hall in Anningqu Cultural Tourism Town has a great environment. It is very spacious, bright, and the banquet hall is huge.
+
+Before the meal starts, they set out nine appetizer plates, usually filled with dried fruits, preserved fruits, candies, and small pieces of fruit. Then they clear the appetizer plates to officially start the meal, serving cold dishes first, followed by hot dishes, and finally the main courses. We ate cold-tossed beef, spinach with gluten, cold-tossed chicken, fern root noodles, stir-fried beef tripe, Dongxiang-style hand-grabbed lamb (shouzhuayangrou), yellow noodles with grilled meat, sweet platter (tianpanzi), vegetarian pilaf, flower-roll chicken, meat-stuffed tofu (jiasha), yellow-braised meat, steamed opium fish, and meatballs. Dishes at traditional Urumqi banquets are generally lighter than street food, with less chili and salt. The cold-tossed chicken is not made into spicy peppercorn chicken (jiaomaji), which actually suits the tastes of people from inland China better.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/llla9k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lauzmu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/376v3a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zkzbhz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h4btdz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x73md8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hnmfee.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cwj9yq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vijpw1.jpg)
+
+Jinhaiwan is the most popular Hui Muslim banquet hall in the Dawan area of Urumqi. I held my own wedding here five years ago, and coming back now brings back many memories. The cold dishes at the banquet included spicy beef shank, cold-tossed chicken, blueberry yam, and mixed vegetable salad. Hot dishes included hand-grabbed lamb (shouzhuayangrou), yellow-braised beef, oil-seared meat, sauced meat-stuffed tofu (jiasha), yellow noodles with grilled meat, steamed sea bass, stir-fried meat with Awei mushrooms, red-braised meatballs, lotus root and lily stir-fry, and sweet platter (tianpanzi). The staples included thin-skinned buns (baopi baozi), oil towers (youtazi), pilaf with preserved fruits, and grilled flatbread. I was too busy to really eat at my own wedding, but this time I finally enjoyed a great meal.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nt0hag.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tlpgbu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h6b0sl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jul9ou.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5pjx28.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ym7anc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d3jpdg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4z7euc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fb3p7k.jpg)
+
+The next day, we went to Jiamei Banquet on Liyushan Road for the post-wedding meal (xiatang). We ate cold-tossed chicken, cold-tossed beef shank, oil-seared meat, spinach with gluten, braised meat-stuffed tofu (jiasha), oil towers (youtazi), stir-fried beef tripe, sweet platter (tianpanzi), hand-grabbed meat (shouzhuarou), yellow noodles with grilled meat, red-braised carp, yellow-braised meat, pearl meatballs, and soup. For the post-wedding meal, the restaurant also provides a bowl of minced meat noodles (saozimian). This place is the best among the Hui Muslim banquet restaurants I have tried in Urumqi. The lamb is the most tender and fresh, and the beef shank has the best texture and is the most flavorful. Their minced meat noodles (saozimian) are also delicious and very satisfying. However, they do not have as many tables, so they are used more for engagement parties or post-wedding meals, and are a bit small for a full wedding.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fxw722.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/972i5f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1ff1c2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2q4mco.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ljdaqz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o933rr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qg2st9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7fd3uh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dzsd2w.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Urumqi___Two_Small_Hui_Muslim_Restaurants_Worth_Knowing.md b/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Urumqi___Two_Small_Hui_Muslim_Restaurants_Worth_Knowing.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0bff8865f8161b34d49d2022429c4dd18d596614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Food_Guide__Urumqi___Two_Small_Hui_Muslim_Restaurants_Worth_Knowing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Food Guide: Urumqi - Two Small Hui Muslim Restaurants Worth Knowing"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2346"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2346"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:45Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "d09303bac0f44472eaaca80285b2167b4a260b3d9fc71ebe7e7588df56e5587a"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Food Guide: Urumqi - Two Small Hui Muslim Restaurants Worth Knowing
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Urumqi food note introduces two small Hui Muslim restaurants the author visited during the trip. It preserves the original restaurant details, dishes, flavors, and local food observations while keeping the English simple and direct.
+
+Even though I was busy with night prayers (dua) during this trip to Urumqi, I still found time to visit two small Hui Muslim eateries. The first one was a childhood favorite of Zainab's: Hepingqiao Dumpling Restaurant. It is a rare, old-school Hui Muslim sour soup dumpling shop in Urumqi. It used to be called Yiqing Dumpling Restaurant, but after they were no longer allowed to use that name, everyone just started calling it Hepingqiao Dumpling Restaurant. The old-school Hui Muslim sour soup contains tomatoes, spinach, starch jelly blocks (fenkuai), vermicelli (fentiao), mushrooms, and sliced meat. Zainab said that while the taste hasn't changed much, they used to put a lot more meat in the sour soup when she was a child, but now they give too little. They have four types of dumpling fillings: onion and meat (piyanzi rou), cabbage and meat, celery and meat, and chive and meat, which are the most common types eaten by Hui Muslims in Urumqi. I ordered a small bowl of onion and meat dumplings, and the Sichuan peppercorn flavor really stood out, which is a signature feature of Xinjiang dumplings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/umwdca.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zf5f5p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u473at.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/53dul0.jpg)
+
+The second place was Xinshenghua, a Changji Hui Muslim meatball soup (wanzi tang) restaurant. When I first came to Urumqi ten years ago, I ate at Forty-Nine Meatball Soup, but later the taste there went downhill, and I hadn't had a really good meatball soup in Urumqi since. This time, on the recommendation of an older sister, we went to Xinshenghua Meatball Soup near the Normal University. It is a traditional Changji Hui Muslim meatball soup shop with a nice environment, an open kitchen, and good service, though the prices are higher than at typical small eateries.
+
+We ordered a set meal that included meatball soup, a small portion of beef bones, and cold dishes, with all-you-can-eat steamed layered buns (youtazi). The meatball soup tasted quite authentic, though they didn't give many meatballs, which seems to be a common situation these days. The steamed layered buns were delicious. I missed them so much while in Beijing; the flavor from the rendered lamb fat makes them much more fragrant than regular steamed rolls (huajuan). The beef bones were also excellent, stewed until fragrant and tender, and they gave us a good amount of meat; a small portion was enough for the four of us.
+
+Overall, Xinshenghua's meatball soup is pretty good. My family also recommended Ma Guilian Sisters Meatball Soup on Ying'awati Road, so I will try to go there next time I have the chance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/frfmgz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x2415y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7m4prv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o6eigr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sanzjn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wwnbbp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vhlesp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yte1h3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h2b4t2.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__16_Ancient_Mosques_in_China.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__16_Ancient_Mosques_in_China.md
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+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: 16 Ancient Mosques in China"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2489"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2489"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:46Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "afae79860caa2c173edb03ee20ca4e30089e863437ce0882b59b07726bb15539"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: 16 Ancient Mosques in China
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This English travel account follows a 2016 route through 16 ancient mosques in China, including sites in Anhui, Jiangsu, Xinjiang, and other regions. It keeps the original mosque names, dates, routes, photographs, and Hui Muslim history while presenting the journey in clear everyday English.
+
+In 2016, I officially began visiting Hui Muslim communities along the Grand Canal and the Huai River, as well as several ancient mosques. I also used the October National Day holiday to take a loop tour of Xinjiang.
+
+**In May, I visited 4 mosques in Anhui.**
+
+Shouxian Great Mosque: It is generally believed that the mosque moved from the northwest corner of the city, where it was built in the Song Dynasty, to the southwest corner during the Tianqi period of the Ming Dynasty (1621-1627). It was renovated multiple times during the Qing Dynasty's Daoguang period and the Republic of China era.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xm6sp5.png)
+
+Huainan Laishanji Mosque: Built in 1619 (the 47th year of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty), it was constructed after a branch of the Yang family moved from Hongnong County in Shaanxi to Yanghu Town in Yingshang, Anhui, and settled in Laishanji. In 1872 (the 11th year of the Tongzhi period), Yang Qizhen, the Admiral of the Fujian Navy, donated funds to expand it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fgu9uq.png)
+
+Linbei Ancient Mosque: Located in Linbei Hui Muslim village, it was built in the late Ming Dynasty. Because it sits in the Huai River flood zone, the entire village moved behind the northern Huai River levee in 2015, leaving only the abandoned Linbei Ancient Mosque behind.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qxm26z.png)
+
+Fengyang Fucheng Mosque: This mosque was built shortly after the Fengyang Prefecture city was completed in 1755. In 1924 (the 13th year of the Republic of China), it was renovated through donations led by Imam Chang Jiasheng. It was renovated again in 2004 to its current appearance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yc69kp.jpg)
+
+**In June, I visited 2 mosques in Jiangsu.**
+
+Hushu Mosque: First built in 1392 (the 25th year of the Hongwu period), it was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion. The main prayer hall was rebuilt in 1896 (the 22nd year of the Guangxu period). In 1911, five tile-roofed rooms were built on the left side in front of the main hall, with a water room (shuifang) on the left, dormitories on the right, and a guest hall in the middle. In 1919, the three rooms of the front hall, the five rooms of the main prayer hall, and two side rooms at the east end of the main gate were rebuilt.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sxgll2.jpg)
+
+Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque: First built in 1874 (the 13th year of the Tongzhi period), it hosted the Wuben Primary School in 1917, which operated until it was taken over by the local government in 1951. Later, the mosque was occupied by a wire and cable factory to serve as staff dormitories.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yzf5fw.jpg)
+
+**In October, I visited 5 mosques in Xinjiang.**
+
+Hami Shaanxi Great Mosque: In 1875, Zuo Zongtang entered Xinjiang and stationed troops in Hami for five years. One of the five battalions of the Jianrui Army stationed there was composed of Hui Muslims from the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi. After the troops left in 1881, some Hui Muslims chose to stay in Hami, forming the Shaanxi community (Shaanxi dafang) and building the Shaanxi Great Mosque in 1898. The current nine-bay-wide main prayer hall was renovated in 1999, but it retains the old hanging flower gate (chuihuamen), which features very delicate carvings of various fruits.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a4q875.png)
+
+Shanshan East Great Mosque: Construction began in 1906 and was completed in 1911. It belongs to the Jahriyya Shagou menhuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hc3ls9.png)
+
+Yining Shaanxi Great Mosque: The earliest Hui mosque in Yili was built in 1751. In 1757, after the Qing Dynasty defeated Amursana of the Dzungar Khanate, some Hui Muslim soldiers and civilians from Shaanxi were demobilized and stayed here. The mosque was expanded into the Shaanxi Great Mosque in 1760. In 1762, the Qing dynasty established the Ili General and built the Nine Cities of Ili. The Shaanxi Grand Mosque (Shaanxi Dasi) near Ningyuan City, which is now Yining City, was also named Ninggu Mosque, meaning peace and stability forever. The Shaanxi Grand Mosque was expanded in 1781, the 46th year of the Qianlong reign, and has been repaired many times since.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4yn4gu.png)
+
+Yining Uzbek Mosque: After 1919, wealthy Uzbek merchants, landlords, nobles, intellectuals, White Army officers, and religious figures who originally lived in Central Asian cities like Tashkent entered Xinjiang to seek refuge. From 1929 to 1932, a large number of Uzbeks came to Xinjiang because the Soviet Union implemented agricultural collectivization. Ili is the most important settlement for Uzbeks in northern Xinjiang and was their first stop when they arrived in the region. In 1933, Uzbek merchants in Ili raised funds to build the Uzbek Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vtnz3m.png)
+
+Baitula Mosque minaret: The Baitula Mosque was built in 1773, the 38th year of the Qianlong reign, by order of the Qing government under the Ili Hakim Beg, Oromzhab. The Baitula Mosque was located in the center of Ningyuan City, one of the Nine Cities of Ili, and it remains the most important architectural relic of that city. The main building was demolished in 1995, and only the minaret remains of the historical structure.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6qp2mq.png)
+
+**November, 2 mosques in Beijing**
+
+Tongzhou Grand Mosque: Built during the Yuan dynasty Yanyou period (1314–1320), it was originally named Chaozhen Mosque. It was repaired in 1516, the 11th year of the Ming Zhengde reign, and expanded again in 1593, the 21st year of the Wanli reign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r5e5tk.png)
+
+Zhangjiawan Mosque: Built in the early Ming dynasty, it was renovated during the Qing Daoguang reign, and the fourth section of the prayer hall was expanded in 1956. It was renovated in 1998, but the layout of the third and fourth sections of the prayer hall was reversed, and the south lecture hall and the main gate were rebuilt.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t5n2im.png)
+
+**December, 3 mosques in Shandong**
+
+Jining Shunhe East Grand Mosque: Built around 1420 in the late Ming Yongle period, it was renovated in 1459, the third year of the Tianshun reign, expanded during the Kangxi reign, and renovated during the Qianlong reign, eventually reaching its current size.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f5yru3.png)
+
+Liuhang East Mosque: Built during the Wanli reign and expanded during the Kangxi reign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qee4pr.png)
+
+Dezhou Beiying Mosque: During the Ming Wanli reign, descendants of the Sultan of Sulu built this mosque southwest of the Sultan of Sulu's tomb. The Ming dynasty issued an imperial decree to select one person from the Wen and An families to serve as the religious leader, inherit the sect, and manage the Hui Muslims. In 1917, the canal levee broke, and the mosque along with Beiying Village was washed away. It was not rebuilt until 1940, becoming the building seen today. According to an old imam, the pavilions at the four corners of the mosque could actually be used as watchtowers.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t1dc45.png)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__2023_Mosque_Visits_Part_1___124_Historic_Mosques_and_Hui_Her.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__2023_Mosque_Visits_Part_1___124_Historic_Mosques_and_Hui_Her.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6d095dc48738a5f448d5bb2ac54baa8a7c1c7064
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__2023_Mosque_Visits_Part_1___124_Historic_Mosques_and_Hui_Her.md
@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: 2023 Mosque Visits Part 1 — 124 Historic Mosques and Hui Heritage"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2454"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2454"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:56Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "0eb8e21b566ce8a1105c28dbfe623cb4a89900eb65ef562e854cb6515cad89ce"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: 2023 Mosque Visits Part 1 — 124 Historic Mosques and Hui Heritage
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This first part of the 2023 mosque-visit record covers a wide journey through historic mosques, Hui Muslim communities, and local Islamic heritage. The translation keeps the original names, dates, images, and place-by-place observations while using simple natural English.
+
+2023 was the first year travel restrictions were lifted. I took advantage of the holidays to travel across 11 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions in China, visiting 45 ancient mosques: 5 in Guangdong, 3 in Sichuan, 12 in Yunnan, 1 in Inner Mongolia, 3 in Shandong, 7 in Beijing, 5 in Hebei, 2 in Liaoning, 1 in Jilin, 5 in Heilongjiang, and 1 in Hong Kong.
+
+I also visited 79 ancient mosques across 6 countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa: 23 in Turkey, 8 in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 15 in Lebanon, 12 in Saudi Arabia, 20 in Egypt, and 7 in Thailand.
+
+I visited a total of 124 ancient mosques throughout the year. Here, ancient mosques refer to those with historic architecture. I also visited many mosques that were renovated into modern buildings, but I did not count them in this list.
+
+In 2024, due to work changes and spending time with my children, the number of ancient mosques I visited dropped to 63. See my post '63 Ancient Mosques Visited in 2024' for details. In 2025, I hope to balance work and family while still finding time to visit some ancient mosques. The number does not need to be high, but I hope to keep this habit going.
+
+**January: 5 mosques in Guangdong**
+
+Zhaoqing West City Mosque: First built in the early Qianlong era. In 1767, a leader named Liu Shifang led 15 Muslims to buy land and build the mosque by Longdinggang outside the west city wall of Zhaoqing. It was expanded twice during the Jiaqing and Daoguang eras and rebuilt into its current form in 1983. The original stone pillars and the stone mihrab arch from the Qing dynasty main hall were preserved.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ovtet3.png)
+
+Zhaoqing East City Mosque: Originally located on Water Street. During the Kangxi era, Fu Yunfeng from Guangzhou bought land and moved it to the Shuixiang camp. It was renovated many times during the Qianlong, Daoguang, and Republican eras. It was rebuilt with reinforced concrete in 1991. The main hall still holds a Qing dynasty mihrab, and the original Qing dynasty stone pillar bases for the main hall and the prayer hall remain outside.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zoc9wh.png)
+
+Guangzhou Haopan Mosque: First built during the Ming Chenghua era and rebuilt in 1706. Starting in the Qianlong era, it opened a school for Islamic studies, and during the Tongzhi era, it opened a university for Arabic studies. It hired many famous teachers from Nanjing, Gansu, and Yunnan to train a large number of imams, playing a major role in the development of Islam in Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Macau.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xzhw21.png)
+
+Guangzhou Huaisheng Mosque: First built in the Tang dynasty. It was hit by a fire in 1343 and rebuilt in 1350. Only the Light Tower (Guangta) survived the fire. It was rebuilt twice during the Ming Chenghua and Qing Kangxi eras, and renovated three times during the Daoguang, Xianfeng, and Tongzhi eras. The stone railings around the current main hall show Yuan and Ming dynasty styles, while the Moon-Watching Tower (Kanyuelou) with its double-eave hip-and-gable roof reflects the style after Ming and Qing renovations.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wp6hl1.png)
+
+Guangzhou Xiaodongying Mosque: Built in 1468 by Hui Muslim military officials. It was renovated twice during the Qing Jiaqing and Tongzhi eras. In 1901, Hui Muslims from Guangzhou and Hong Kong raised money to start the Xiaodongying Mosque Charity School inside the mosque, with imams Yang Ruisheng and Wang Mingshan as teachers. In 1925, the Xiaodongying Mosque became the activity center for the Guangzhou Muslim Youth Association. In 1931, Chen Huanwen founded the 'Muslim' (Mumin) monthly magazine there.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mkjb53.png)
+
+**January: 3 mosques in Sichuan**
+
+Xichang City Mosque: Built during the Yuan Taiding era. It was moved to its current site on Jiyang Lane in 1574 and rebuilt into its current form in 1875. It is known as the premier mosque of Xichang.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k6typ5.jpg)
+
+Xichang West Mosque: Also called the Mosque Outside the City by Mashui River. First built in 1801. When the 1850 Xichang earthquake caused the buildings to collapse, the local leather-working guild, the Wool Association, paid for its reconstruction. It was rebuilt into its current form in 1999.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/omlgcz.jpg)
+
+Miyi Tianba Mosque: First built in 1702 (the 11th year of the Qing Kangxi era). It was renovated and expanded many times during the Qianlong, Jiaqing, and Daoguang eras. It is similar in style to the traditional mosques in nearby Zhaotong, Yunnan, and is very elegant, simple, and beautiful.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ajlai1.jpg)
+
+**One mosque in Beijing in January.**
+
+Beijing Balizhuang Mosque: Between the reigns of the Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors, Hui Muslims with the surnames Jing, Li, and Jin grew vegetables along the stone road outside Chaoyang Gate to supply the capital. This area gradually became known as Balizhuang outside the gate, and the mosque was first built in the early years of the Qianlong reign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6y43kn.jpg)
+
+**Twelve mosques in Yunnan in January.**
+
+Dali Yangbi Ancient Mosque: Legend says it was built in 1382 by Hui soldiers who stayed to garrison Yangbi in the early Ming Dynasty. It was burned and destroyed during the Tongzhi disaster. Later, it was turned into a Confucian mosque, and the main gate and minaret (jiaobailou) were dismantled to build Zhulin Mosque. Other buildings were also damaged, but the main prayer hall survived and was returned in 1994.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r7vmir.jpg)
+
+Dali Yangbi Shangxiang Mosque: First built in 1921. After the Tongzhi disaster, Du Fachun led his family to escape to Yangbi Lower Street. His home also served as a place for local believers to perform namaz and recite scriptures. To build a new mosque, Du Fachun and his group followed a horse caravan all the way to Yangon, Myanmar. More than 30 Yangbi overseas Chinese living there generously donated over 1,000 small silver coins (pounds sterling). In 1921, through everyone's joint efforts, they secured the Sangyuan slope land and finally completed the Shangxiang Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t6kmll.jpg)
+
+Dali Yangbi Shangjie Xinyingpan Mosque: First built in 1859, it was confiscated after the Tongzhi disaster and redeemed during the Guangxu reign. To raise funds for the mosque, Imam Ma Ende followed a horse caravan to Myanmar. With the help of overseas Chinese like Haji Zhao Lianhong, he raised enough donations to rebuild the Shangjie Mosque. It was destroyed by fire in 1989 and rebuilt between 1991 and 1992.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o8nsnn.jpg)
+
+Dali Fengming Mosque: As the seat of Zhaozhou Prefecture since the Yuan Dynasty, Fengyi Town South Street has historically had an ancient mosque. The Fengyi South Street Mosque was burned down after 1872. For the next 50 years, the few remaining Hui Muslims in Fengyi could only perform their religious duties at the home of Mu Benren on West Street. Eventually, Yang Chaozhu approached the Fengyi County magistrate, purchased land, and with donations from local community leaders, the Fengming Mosque was completed in 1922. After 2001, the Chaozhen Hall was expanded, turning the original three-bay main hall into five bays, which is its current appearance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0xakqg.jpg)
+
+Dali Binju Mosque: First built in the mid-Qing Dynasty, it was destroyed during the Tongzhi reign and rebuilt in 1923. The existing main hall with its hip-and-gable roof is a century old and is a typical example of Dali-style architecture.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e5ds7v.jpg)
+
+Dali Weishan Xincun Mosque: Xincun is known as the "first Hui village at the source of the Red River." The Xincun Mosque was destroyed in 1872, rebuilt during the Guangxu reign, and the main hall was rebuilt again in 1994, maintaining the traditional architectural style of the Dali region.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n2bp2n.jpg)
+
+Dali Weishan Chen Family Mosque: The Chen family ancestor moved here from Shaanxi and eventually settled down after several moves. The Chen Family Mosque was rebuilt in 1902 and expanded into its current form in 1987. It is set against the mountains and water with beautiful scenery.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wke5g8.jpg)
+
+Dali Weishan Xishulong Mosque: Rebuilt in 1902 and again in 1990 into its current structure. The main hall has a double-eave hip-and-gable roof, and there is a unique hexagonal pavilion in the center of the roof ridge.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mrfduv.jpg)
+
+Shangxi Lotus Mosque (Lianhua Si) in Weishan, Dali: It was destroyed in 1872 and later rebuilt and expanded many times into its current form.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nqq6it.jpg)
+
+Xiaxi Lotus Mosque (Lianhua Si) in Weishan, Dali: It was destroyed in 1872, rebuilt in 1925, and later rebuilt again into the current building.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fzlxzs.jpg)
+
+Donglianhua Mosque (Lianhua Si) in Weishan, Dali: It was first built during the Qing Dynasty and expanded twice, in 1921 and 1987. The minaret (xuanlilou) was raised to four stories in 1987. The main prayer hall was expanded in 1921 into a five-bay by seven-bay structure, and in 1987 it was expanded again into a nine-bay by eleven-bay structure.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8x3bjl.jpg)
+
+Sanjia Village Mosque in Weishan, Dali: It was originally called Saijia Village Mosque. The Sai family were descendants of Masuhu, the fifth son of Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din. They moved from Daweigeng and Xiaoweigeng villages in the mid-Ming Dynasty to establish Saijia Village. During the Tongzhi reign, over 3,500 villagers were killed. Later, three families returned to settle there, so the name was changed to Sanjia Village. The current main prayer hall of Sanjia Village Mosque was rebuilt in 1997. From the top, you can look out over the scenery of the Yongjian Basin.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0wxtvv.jpg)
+
+**February: 1 mosque in Inner Mongolia.**
+
+North Mosque (Beidasi) in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia: In 1739, an elder named Zhang Yueming from Chifeng led the effort to lease seven point six mu of land from Mongolian princes. They built five mud rooms and three main prayer hall rooms, which became the first Chifeng mosque. In 1742, an elder named Ma Fen, who had run the Desheng Security Bureau in Shenyang, paid for a foundation. The imam and elders traveled to various places to collect donations (nietie). Later, Ma Fen went to Shenyang to hire craftsmen. After four years of construction, it was finished in 1747, using red pine from the south mountains of Chifeng for all the wood.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/brbyro.jpg)
+
+**February: 3 mosques in Shandong.**
+
+Dangxi Mosque in Jinan, Shandong: Located in Dangjiazhuang in the southern suburbs, it was first built at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. It was later burned down by the Red Turban Army and rebuilt in 1397 (the 30th year of the Hongwu reign). It was repaired many times during the Ming Wanli, Qing Xianfeng, and Republican periods, making it an important ancient mosque in Jinan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4rlm3f.jpg)
+
+Dangdong Mosque in Jinan, Shandong: Located in the east village of Dangjiazhuang in the southern suburbs, it was first built in 1510 (the fifth year of the Zhengde reign of the Ming Dynasty). It was repaired many times during the Qing Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns and the Republican period. The records say Dangdong Village was originally Zhuguanzhuang, a place set up for refugees in the early Hongwu years of the Ming Dynasty. Local Hui Muslims originally went to Dangxi Mosque for namaz. In the early Zhengde years of the Ming Dynasty, Chen Xi, the Chief Imam of Shandong, raised funds. Fa Zongxian, a Jinan Garrison Commander, and local Hui Muslims managed the purchase of land and materials. They finally built the Zhuguanzhuang Mosque, which was later renamed Dangdong Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/njjbjb.jpg)
+
+Small Mosque at Ma'anshan, Jinan, Shandong: To make it easier to visit graves, a small mosque was built long ago next to the Baba grave at Ma'anshan in Jinan. Due to history, the small Ma'anshan mosque has collapsed, but the original foundation and building structure are still visible. Many bricks, tiles, and other building parts are scattered on the original site.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tlrj38.jpg)
+
+**March: 2 mosques in Beijing.**
+
+Nanxiapo Mosque in Beijing: In the early Kangxi years, a Hui Muslim named Ma who sold bows and arrows inside Chaoyang Gate received a long-overdue payment from a Mongolian customer. He donated this money to build the Nanxiapo Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/of4ftp.jpg)
+
+Changying Mosque in Beijing: It was built during the Zhengde years of the Ming Dynasty, repaired in 1796, and underwent large-scale renovation and expansion in 2004 to reach its current form.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/049hdd.jpg)
+
+**March: 3 mosques in Hebei.**
+
+West Mosque (Xisi) in Baoding, Hebei: It was first built in 1616. A man named Fa from Hanji Village, Fangshan, served as a military official (dusi) in the Baoding garrison of Zhili during the Wanli reign. He bought twelve mu of land at the Wei family vegetable garden. Besides building the mosque, the surrounding land was opened for fellow Muslims to build houses, which officially formed the mosque neighborhood layout in Baoding. As a famous mosque in North China, the Baoding West Mosque has a long history of religious learning and has trained many scholars (alim). The mosque once housed a training ground that produced many famous wrestling masters and martial arts teachers.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u6xopz.jpg)
+
+Baoding East Mosque, Hebei: During the Tongzhi reign, father and son Shi Xie and Shi Jun built a scripture room east of the Baoding West Mosque. A few years later, Imam Yan Mingpu oversaw the formal completion of the Baoding East Mosque. Although the Baoding East Mosque is not large, many well-known scholars (alim) have taught there and trained many talented students.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zz208f.jpg)
+
+Baoding Women's Mosque, Hebei: Founded in 1916 by Imam Yan Fengshan of the Baoding East Mosque in a lane north of the mosque. In 1940, Imam Sha Zhijun and Mrs. Shi raised funds with the help of local elders to buy a house from Bai Yunzhang, the owner of the famous halal steamed bun (baozi) shop, to build the current women's mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r0i63z.jpg)
+
+**April: 4 mosques in Beijing**
+
+Beijing Dongsi Mosque: One of the four major official mosques in Beijing during the Ming Dynasty. It was built in 1447 with funds donated by the famous Hui Muslim military officer Chen You, and in 1450, the Jingtai Emperor officially named it the Mosque. Because of his outstanding military service, Chen You was granted the title of Earl of Wuping in 1457, a title his descendants inherited. Later, Chen's descendants often served as officers in Beijing military camps and funded the renovation of several ancient mosques, including those in Dingzhou and Yizhou, Hebei.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9exokw.jpg)
+
+Beijing Dongzhimen Outer Mosque: Originally called Erlizhuang Mosque, it was first built in the Yuan Dynasty and renovated during the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty. In the late 1980s, Shougang Group and a Danish company formed a joint venture to build international apartments in Erlizhuang. The ancient mosque was moved one kilometer to the northwest, rebuilt, completed in 1991, and reopened in 1993.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7g6dz5.jpg)
+
+Beijing Deshengmen Outer Fayuan Mosque: Also known as Dewai Guanxiang Mosque, it was originally located on a slope north of the training ground outside Deshengmen. It was moved and expanded during the Kangxi reign. During the Republic of China era, the main hall was expanded again, featuring four interconnected roofs and a four-cornered pavilion.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n3gg7z.jpg)
+
+Beijing Madian Mosque: First built during the Kangxi reign, it was renovated during the Daoguang reign with funds from 14 local sheep trading firms. It was renovated again in the 1980s and remains an important ancient mosque in Beijing. Since the Qing Dynasty, sheep transported from Mongolia through Zhangjiakou were kept in the pens of various sheep firms in Madian before being sold to mutton shops in the city.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c4r1lf.jpg)
+
+**May: 1 mosque in Hong Kong**
+
+Hong Kong Shelley Street Mosque: At the request of Indian Muslims in the British service, the colonial government leased a piece of land near the barracks in Mid-Levels, Central, to four trustees in 1850. The first stone prayer hall was built there in 1852. It was formally completed between 1870 and 1890 and rebuilt in 1915, keeping only the original minaret, and has been in use ever since.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/34yo6h.jpg)
+
+**May: 7 mosques in Thailand**
+
+Bangkok Safee Mosque: In 1856, A. T. E. Maskati, an Indian Gujarati Shia merchant, opened a textile dyeing factory in the Bangkok Royal Warehouse. At its peak, it employed over 600 Indian Shia workers. He and other Indian Shia merchants built the Safee Mosque in the warehouse area. This mosque belongs to a small branch of Ismailism called Dawoodi Bohras.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o9oyt8.jpg)
+
+Bangkok Goowatil Islam Mosque: In the mid-19th century, some Indian Gujarati Shia merchants rented a royal warehouse. At that time, some Malay Sunni Muslim goldsmiths from Pattani in southern Thailand also lived nearby, and they built the Goowatil Islam Mosque together in 1859. After the 20th century, Indian Shia merchants began moving their shops to the busier Bangkok Chinatown, and today the Goowatil Islam Mosque is a Sunni mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eukmx4.jpg)
+
+Ton Son Mosque in Bangkok: In the 17th century, Siam set up important trade warehouses and customs stations at the mouth of the Yai Canal in Bangkok, and stationed Cham troops nearby. In 1688, Mahmud built the first mosque in Bangkok here. The main hall was originally built of teak. It was rebuilt with bricks in the early 19th century and again in 1952 into the current steel and concrete structure, with only the original mihrab preserved.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ornngm.jpg)
+
+Bang Luang Mosque in Bangkok: Built in 1785 under the direction of a merchant named Toh Yi, it is the only remaining Thai-style mosque in Thailand. Its architectural decorations are adapted from the Garuda found in Hinduism and Buddhism, but shaped to fit Islamic traditions.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gym4ik.jpg)
+
+Haroon Mosque in Bangkok: Toh Haroon Bafaden, an Arab-Indonesian merchant, came to Bangkok from Indonesia with his father in 1828 (some say 1837) to trade. He later married, had children, and settled down. Soon after, he built Haroon Mosque and became its first imam. It moved to its current location in 1899 due to the construction of the customs building. It was rebuilt in 1934 into the current brick and white lime structure, and the mosque preserves exquisite 19th-century Javanese Jepara teak scripture carvings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/efego4.jpg)
+
+Java Mosque in Bangkok: Built in 1906 on land owned by a Javanese-descended haji named Muhammad Salih. Although it was expanded twice in 1927 and 1975, it still maintains a typical traditional Javanese style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tn384p.jpg)
+
+Kocha Itsahak Mosque in Bangkok: Built in the late 19th century by Luang Kocha Itsahak, a royal translator for Siam who was a descendant of Malay merchants. In the 19th century, many Indians and Malays worked in the warehouses and trading companies near the Khlong Khwang pier. Luang Kocha Itsahak donated a piece of his own land and had his children dismantle the bricks and stones from his old house to build this mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/he7sb1.jpg)
+
+**23 mosques in Turkey in June.**
+
+Great Mosque of Mardin: Dating back to the 10th century, it is one of the earliest mosques in the Anatolia region. The minaret (bangke ta) was built in 1176 and is a classic example of Artuqid dynasty architecture.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/197xpm.jpg)
+
+Abdullatif Mosque in Mardin: Originally built in 1371 by the Artuqid minister Abdullatif. The minaret was built in 1845 by Muhammad Pasha, the Ottoman governor of Mosul. The main gate still looks as it did when it was built in 1371, and it is considered the final masterpiece of the Artuqid dynasty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ymvdlz.jpg)
+
+Seyh Cabuk Mosque in Mardin: Believed to have been built during the Black Sheep (Qara Qoyunlu) dynasty in the 15th century and renovated in the 19th century. Legend says that Abdullah bin Anas al-Juhayni, a companion of the Prophet, was sent to Constantinople to deliver a letter. He passed away in Mardin on his way back and was buried here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qtzli4.jpg)
+
+Sehidiye Mosque in Mardin: Built in 1214 by order of the Artuqid Sultan Melik Nasreddin Aslan. The current minaret was rebuilt in 1914 by the Armenian architect Serkis Lole in an eclectic style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d7h4fa.jpg)
+
+Dinari Pamuk Mosque in Mardin: Built in the 11th century by Sheikh Mehmet Dinari on the site of a Byzantine church. The current building dates to the Artuqid period in 1332.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uu9fww.jpg)
+
+Melik Mahmut Mosque in Mardin: Built in 1362.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4sjr83.jpg)
+
+Great Mosque of Diyarbakir: Construction began in the 7th century. The current building was ordered by Malik-Shah I, the third sultan of the Seljuk Empire, in 1092, and it has a history of over 900 years. The architectural style of the Great Mosque of Diyarbakir was deeply influenced by the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, as Sultan Malik-Shah I had overseen the restoration of the Umayyad Mosque between 1082 and 1083 and wanted to bring the prestige and glory of Damascus to Diyarbakir.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3khi17.jpg)
+
+Nebi Mosque in Diyarbakir: Originally built during the White Sheep (Aq Qoyunlu) dynasty in the 15th century. The minaret tower (bangke lou) was rebuilt by Haji Hussein in 1530. It originally consisted of two main halls, belonging to the Shafi'i and Hanafi schools of thought respectively. During World War I, the Hanafi section was used as a military barracks until it collapsed in 1927. Today, only the part belonging to the Shafi'i school remains.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c1gs3r.jpg)
+
+Hazreti Süleyman Mosque in Diyarbakir: The most important religious site in Diyarbakir. It was first built by the Inalid Beylik in 1160, expanded by order of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, and renovated between 1631 and 1633. On the west side of the main hall are the graves of Suleiman, son of the famous Arab general Khalid ibn al-Walid, and his 27 followers, who passed away in 639 when the Arab army occupied Diyarbakir.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u9leik.jpg)
+
+Nasuh Pasha Mosque in Diyarbakir: Built in the early 17th century. Nasuh Pasha became the governor of Diyarbakir in 1606, later became the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman dynasty in 1611, and married the daughter of Sultan Ahmed I.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kfqsxg.jpg)
+
+Kurşunlu Mosque in Diyarbakir: Built by Bıyıklı Mehmed Pasha, the first Ottoman governor of Diyarbakir, between 1516 and 1520. It is also the first Ottoman mosque in Diyarbakir.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ras2e.jpg)
+
+Kadı Mosque in Diyarbakir: Built in 1533.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ypwav.jpg)
+
+Sheikh Matar Mosque in Diyarbakir: Built by Haji Hussein in 1500 during the late White Sheep (Aq Qoyunlu) dynasty. It is named after the tomb of Sheikh Matar located next to the mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s9ta63.jpg)
+
+Behram Pasha Mosque in Diyarbakir: Built by the Ottoman governor Behram Pasha between 1564 and 1572. It was supervised by Mimar Sinan, the greatest Ottoman architect, though it was likely commissioned to another royal architect to actually carry out the work.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oslgax.jpg)
+
+Iskender Pasha Mosque in Diyarbakir: Construction began in 1551 or 1554 and was completed in 1557. It is a typical Ottoman single-dome mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5k1s7g.jpg)
+
+Ömer Şeddat Mosque in Diyarbakir: Built during the mid-12th century Inalid Beylik period, it has a history of over 800 years.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xqm8zf.jpg)
+
+Rüstem Pasha Mosque in Istanbul: Known as the most beautiful mosque by Mimar Sinan, it was built by the great Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan between 1561 and 1563 for the Ottoman Grand Vizier Rüstem Pasha. This was the last building commissioned by Rüstem Pasha and was not completed until after his death.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kc8028.jpg)
+
+Elhac Timurtaş Mosque in Istanbul: Built in the 1460s by Timurtaş Ağa, who was a merchant there. It is one of the oldest mosques in Istanbul. It has been renovated many times throughout history, and it is now difficult to see its original form.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3icw8v.jpg)
+
+Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul: Commissioned by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and built by Mimar Sinan between 1550 and 1557. It is considered Mimar Sinan's most important work and remains a landmark of Istanbul today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hks5l4.jpg)
+
+Bayezid II Mosque in Istanbul: Built by the eighth Ottoman Sultan, Bayezid II, between 1501 and 1506. It is the second imperial mosque built after the Ottoman conquest of Istanbul. Because the Fatih Mosque built by Mehmed the Conqueror was destroyed by earthquakes multiple times, the Bayezid II Mosque is the oldest surviving imperial mosque in Istanbul.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/djyvnf.jpg)
+
+Mahmut Pasha Mosque in Istanbul: Built in 1464 by Mahmut Pasha, the Grand Vizier of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror. It is one of the earliest mosques built within the city of Istanbul. It still follows the architectural style of the Ottoman dynasty from the old capital of Bursa, consisting of two main domes and many small domes.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w3vh3x.jpg)
+
+Hagia Sophia in Istanbul: Completed in 537, it was the largest church in the world at that time. In the mid-16th century, Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent built two minarets. In the late 16th century, the royal architect Mimar Sinan added 24 buttresses to support the cathedral and built two new 60-meter-high minarets, giving the cathedral a four-minaret design.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ilyhp.jpg)
+
+Dolmabahçe Mosque in Istanbul: Built by Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I and his mother between 1853 and 1855. After its completion, it became the royal mosque of the Ottoman Sultans. Designed by Garabet Amira Balyan of the Ottoman Armenian Balyan architect family, it blends Rococo and Empire styles. It is one of the representative works of the eclectic style that emerged under European influence following the Ottoman modernization reforms in the mid-19th century.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bjb9cz.jpg)
+
+**8 mosques in Bosnia and Herzegovina in June**
+
+Gazi Husrev Bey Mosque in Sarajevo: This is the main landmark of the Old Bazaar in Sarajevo. Built in 1530, it has served as the city's central mosque ever since. It was designed and built by Adzem Esir Ali, an Ottoman court architect from Tabriz, Persia. Important scenes from the movie 'Walter Defends Sarajevo,' well-known to Chinese audiences, were filmed here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/52h7jh.jpg)
+
+Muslihudin Čekrekčija Mosque in Sarajevo: Built by Hajji Mustafa in 1526, it survived many fires in Sarajevo and also survived the 1697 looting of the city by the Holy League after they defeated the Ottoman Empire.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rsvso2.jpg)
+
+Bascarsija Mosque in Sarajevo: Built by Havadža Durak in the early 16th century, it sits in the heart of the Old Bazaar. It originally had a wooden dome, but it was rebuilt with a stone dome after a fire in 1697.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8mgujq.jpg)
+
+Imperial Mosque (Careva Džamija) in Sarajevo: Construction began in 1457. It was the first mosque built after the Ottoman Empire conquered Bosnia. It was built under the direction of Isaković-Hranušić and dedicated to the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror. The original mosque was a wooden structure. It was rebuilt in 1565 into the current classical Ottoman style and dedicated to the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cgd767.jpg)
+
+Magribija Mosque in Sarajevo: Built by Sheikh Magribija in the 15th century and rebuilt in 1766, it retains its 18th-century appearance and paintings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wfmavy.jpg)
+
+Ali Pasha Mosque in Sarajevo: Built in 1560-1561 by the Bosnian governor Ali Pasha, this is a single-domed mosque in the classical Ottoman style with beautiful architectural proportions.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/89wdir.jpg)
+
+Ferhadija Mosque in Sarajevo: Built by Ferhad-beg Vuković-Desisalić in 1561-1562, it is a typical classical Ottoman building. It features a central dome over a rectangular main hall and three small domes over the front porch.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yj0mpy.jpg)
+
+Bakrbaba Mosque archaeological site in Sarajevo: Built in 1544 by the famous Sarajevo merchant Hajji-Alija Bakrbaba, it was burned by the European Holy League in 1697. It was rebuilt in the early 18th century, demolished by the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1895, and has been the subject of archaeological research since 2000.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gyoxzh.jpg)
+
+**June, Beijing: 1 mosque**
+
+Xiguanshi Mosque in Beijing: Construction began in 1494. The main hall was rebuilt in 1709 and the kiln hall (yaodian) in 1761. In 1900, Empress Dowager Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor fled the city to the west. They arrived at Xiguanshi at dusk. Cixi slept in the main hall of the mosque that night, while the Emperor and his consorts slept in the side halls. Two years later, Cixi returned to Beijing and donated silver to renovate the Xiguanshi Mosque. She also ordered glazed tiles, a treasure top (baoding), and roof ridge beasts to be fired at the Imperial Kiln in Liulihe.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r37jpv.jpg)
+
+**June, Hebei: 1 mosque**
+
+Zhuozhou City Mosque in Hebei: A local ancestor from Zhuozhou followed the Prince of Yan on his northern campaign during the early Ming Dynasty. The old mosque was built during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, renovated in the 60th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty, and the main hall was rebuilt in 2000 to reach its current appearance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rdkes4.jpg)
+
+**August, Liaoning: 2 mosques**
+
+Luyang Mosque in Jinzhou, Liaoning: Built in 1531, it was renovated during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty and rebuilt into its current form between 1922 and 1925. During the reconstruction, Manager Wang of the Enliyong Pastry Shop in Luyang was in charge of construction, and he invited Yang Peiran (Yuchun), who was a brigade commander in the Northeast Army at the time, to help raise funds.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/978a1e.jpg)
+
+Beizhen Mosque in Jinzhou, Liaoning: Built in 1522, it was expanded in 1617 and renovated again in 1798. The Beizhen Mosque was built according to the traditional northern mosque structure consisting of three parts: the front porch (juanpeng), the main hall, and the kiln hall (yaodian). However, it is very unique because the front porch and the main hall are independent and not connected.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j0r78w.jpg)
+
+**August, Jilin: 1 mosque**
+
+Changtong Road Mosque in Changchun: Built in 1824. In 1852, elder Han Xuecheng and Gong Wanmei donated the building, and elder Shi Xuecheng donated trees to move the mosque to its current location in Tielingtun. In 1864, Imam Han Dengqing and others raised funds to expand it, building the current five-room main hall and three-story kiln hall (yaodian). In 1889, Imam Han Laixiang bought the land in front of the mosque owned by the Xu family to build a gate tower, east and west side rooms, a north lecture hall, an east reception hall, and a porch for the main hall. It was expanded several more times during the Republic of China era.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v9yme4.jpg)
+
+**Five mosques in Heilongjiang in August.**
+
+Harbin Daowai Mosque: Also known as the East Mosque or Binjiang Mosque. It started in 1897 when Hui Muslims who came here to trade cattle bought five grass huts on the 12th South Street in Daowai. It was rebuilt in 1904. In the early 1930s, as the number of Hui Muslims in Harbin grew, Imam Ma Songting suggested building a new hall. Head teacher Bai Yusheng traveled around to collect donations (nietie), and they hired Russian designers, the Krabliov siblings, to build the current Daowai Mosque main hall in 1935.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p1ti4h.jpg)
+
+Harbin Acheng Mosque: In 1777, 26 (some say 28) Hui Muslim households in Acheng rented eight civilian houses from Manchu bannermen to establish the first Acheng Mosque. In 1802, they bought two plots of ancestral land from Sarsei, a clerk (bithesi) of the Lingdebao cattle company in Xigangzi, and began building the formal Acheng Mosque. It took 50 years to complete, spanning the Jiaqing, Daoguang, and Xianfeng reigns. A fire in Acheng in 1873 destroyed the mosque's Moon-Watching Tower (wangyuelou) and North Lecture Hall. The current building was finally completed in 1900 (the 26th year of the Guangxu reign).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kra0d1.jpg)
+
+Harbin Tatar Mosque: As the center of the Chinese Eastern Railway, Tatars began settling in Harbin in 1901 and built their first wooden mosque that same year. As the Tatar population grew, they rebuilt it as a brick mosque in 1906. To commemorate the 1,000th anniversary of the Volga Tatars' ancestors, the Volga Bulgars, converting to Islam in 922 AD, the Tatars in Harbin decided to build a new mosque. Construction of the new mosque began in 1923, but it stalled for a time due to political instability. In 1936, the new imam, Münir Hasibullah, traveled to every Tatar settlement in the Far East to collect donations (nietie). The Millennium Mosque was finally completed and opened on October 8, 1937.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4aldi1.jpg)
+
+Qiqihar Bukui West Mosque: In 1817, Ma Datian, the third-generation leader (murshid) of the Jahriyya order, was exiled to Qiqihar, Heilongjiang. Twelve households led by 'Grandpa Niu' volunteered to follow him. Ma Datian passed away while passing through the Jilin Shipyard and was honored as the 'Shipyard Grandpa.' The 12 households continued their exile to Qiqihar. After arriving in Qiqihar, these 12 households were accepted by the local Gedimu community. They built the Bukui West Mosque in 1852, which became the only Jahriyya mosque in Heilongjiang.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xwrrdk.jpg)
+
+Qiqihar Bukui East Mosque: The first mosque in Heilongjiang. Legend says it was built in 1676 by over 40 Hui Muslim households who moved to Bukui Village from Shandong and Hebei. It was renovated many times during the Jiaqing and Guangxu reigns to reach its current size. The copper lotus-base gourd finial on the kiln-style roof was bought by Ma Wanliang in 1893 from a Tibetan Buddhist temple near Zhangjiakou.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t6pi55.jpg)
+
+**15 mosques in Lebanon in September.**
+
+Beirut Emir Assaf Mosque: Built in the late 16th century by the Emir rulers of the Assaf dynasty. The Emir's palace and gardens were once next to the mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9xy33e.jpg)
+
+Beirut Omari Mosque: Originally built in 635 during the reign of Caliph Umar. In 1150, the Crusaders built a Romanesque St. John's Church here. After the Mamluk dynasty captured Tripoli in 1291, it was converted into a grand mosque. The Mamluk-style gate and minaret (bangke ta) were added in 1350.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3s6wt6.jpg)
+
+Tripoli Taynal Mosque: Built in 1336 by order of Emir Taynal, the Mamluk governor of Tripoli.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n0st7h.jpg)
+
+Tripoli Mu'allaq Hanging Mosque: Built in 1561 by order of the Ottoman governor of Tripoli, Mahmud Lutfi al-Za'im. The first floor is a culvert on the street, and you must climb stairs from the side to reach the main hall on the second floor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cudlws.jpg)
+
+Tripoli Mansouri Great Mosque: Built in 1294 by order of the Mamluk Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil. It was the first building constructed by the Mamluk dynasty in Tripoli. The minaret (bangke lou) inside the mosque is likely part of the Crusader St. Mary's Church, and the gate may also contain the original Crusader church gate. The main hall was built by the Mamluk dynasty in 1294, and the courtyard colonnade was built by Mamluk Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad in 1314.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gmj3lg.jpg)
+
+Al-Uwaysiyat Mosque in Tripoli: Built in 1461 during the Mamluk period, it was renovated in 1534 during the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hoeh7u.jpg)
+
+Attar Mosque in Tripoli: Built in the 1350s by a local Tripoli perfume merchant named Badr al-Din al-Attar on the ruins of a Crusader church, it is also the first non-Mamluk mosque in Tripoli. The Attar Mosque is known as one of the most beautiful ancient mosques in Tripoli, but it has been closed for several years for repairs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tzkk0b.jpg)
+
+Tawba Mosque in Tripoli: It is believed to have been built during the Mamluk period. Because it sits right next to the riverbank, the mosque's foundation inscription was likely washed away during a flood. The inscription now at the mosque entrance says it was rebuilt after a flood in 1612.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q8rjxn.jpg)
+
+Burtasi Mosque in Tripoli: Built by Isa ibn Umar al-Burtasi between the end of the 13th century and 1324. The minaret above the main gate is considered the most beautiful minaret in Tripoli.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aadn1c.jpg)
+
+Umayyad Great Mosque of Baalbek: Built in 715 by the Umayyad Caliph al-Walid I, the same year as the Umayyad Great Mosque in Damascus. These two mosques are ranked as the oldest existing mosque (masjid) buildings in the world. A flood hit Baalbek in 1318, causing severe damage to the Umayyad Great Mosque. The walls and the pulpit (minbar) were washed away, but it was later restored by the Mamluk prince Najm al-Din Hassan, who ruled Baalbek at the time.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y6rpqj.jpg)
+
+El Kikhia Mosque in Sidon: Built in 1625 by Mahmoud Ketkhuda, it is a representative work of Lebanese architecture from the Ottoman period.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j8eerk.jpg)
+
+El Qtaishieh Mosque in Sidon: Built in the 16th century by Sheikh Ali ibn Muhammad al-Qtaish, the mosque preserves exquisite Ottoman tiles.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2iq6dp.jpg)
+
+Omar Great Mosque in Sidon: The most important mosque in the old city of Sidon, it dates back to the Crusader era. The Knights Hospitaller built a military fortress here in the 13th century, and in 1291, the Mamluk Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil built the Omar Great Mosque on the foundation of that fortress. In the late 19th century, the Ottoman Empire renovated the Omar Great Mosque and built the current minaret.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/noea7h.jpg)
+
+El-Bahr Mosque in Sidon: Built in 1373 with a donation from Hassan bin Sawa, it features Mamluk-era architectural styles, including thick walls and cross-vaults, and uses granite columns from the ancient Roman period.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fqhi92.jpg)
+
+El Barrane Mosque in Sidon: Built between the late 16th and early 17th centuries during the reign of the Druze Emir Fakhr al-Din II.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nqdwmr.jpg)
+
+**12 mosques in Saudi Arabia in November.**
+
+Prophet's Mosque (Masjid an-Nabawi) in Medina: Built by the Prophet Muhammad next to his home after he arrived in Medina in 622 AD. It has been expanded many times throughout history. The current central core was built during the Ottoman period, while the surrounding areas were expanded by the Saudi Kingdom after the 20th century. The pulpit (minbar) inside the Garden of Paradise (Rawdah) was rebuilt in 1590 by the Ottoman Sultan Murad III using marble.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pjdayx.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__2023_Mosque_Visits_Part_2___124_Historic_Mosques_and_Hui_Her.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__2023_Mosque_Visits_Part_2___124_Historic_Mosques_and_Hui_Her.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e5c7653667e5dad26e87952cbe5e10aea4d90f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__2023_Mosque_Visits_Part_2___124_Historic_Mosques_and_Hui_Her.md
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: 2023 Mosque Visits Part 2 — 124 Historic Mosques and Hui Heritage"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2453"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2453"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:57Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "bd2e1b866dac80e334445ca86c4dbcf95a8eeada46bc6f8c5da6dddbff4f9c3f"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: 2023 Mosque Visits Part 2 — 124 Historic Mosques and Hui Heritage
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This second part of the 2023 mosque-visit record continues a large journey through 124 historic mosques and Muslim heritage sites. It preserves the original mosque names, travel order, photos, and community details in a single long English article.
+
+Al-Ghamama Mosque in Medina: This mosque stands where the Prophet led the Eid prayer in 631. It was first built during the reign of the eighth Umayyad Caliph, Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (reigned 717-720). It was renovated in 1340 and 1622, then rebuilt in 1859 by Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I (reigned 1839-1861) using black volcanic basalt. It is one of the few mosques in Medina that still keeps its Ottoman-era style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/msx5tn.jpg)
+
+Abu Bakr As-Siddiq Mosque in Medina: This is also located where the Prophet led the Eid prayer in 631. It is named after Caliph Abu Bakr, who continued to lead the Eid prayer there. The current black volcanic basalt building was ordered by Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II in 1838, and the Sultan's tughra (calligraphic signature) is still at the entrance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vziybi.jpg)
+
+As-Saqiya Mosque in Medina: This is where the Prophet inspected his troops before the Battle of Badr in 624. It is said to be the place where the eighth chapter, seventh verse of the Quran was revealed, which is the earliest chapter revealed in Medina. The current black volcanic basalt building was built during the Ottoman period.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yhzf81.jpg)
+
+Anbariya Mosque in Medina: Built in 1908 by Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II for the Medina station of the Hejaz Railway. The architecture follows the traditional Ottoman style but uses local, hard basalt stone.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oni5fv.jpg)
+
+Musabbih Mosque in Medina: Legend says the Prophet performed the Fajr prayer here when he first migrated to Medina in 622. The ancient mosque still has its black volcanic basalt walls and the remains of a mihrab inside. The small courtyard is quiet, with blooming flowers and a fellow Muslim (dost) cleaning, which is a sharp contrast to the crowded Quba Mosque nearby.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6c7nym.jpg)
+
+Al-Fath Mosque in Medina: Located on the battlefield of the Battle of the Trench, it is said to be where the Prophet performed namaz during the battle. It was built during the reign of Umayyad Caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (reigned 717-720) and later renovated.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6wy7ld.jpg)
+
+Salman Al-Farsi Mosque in Medina: Located on the battlefield of the Battle of the Trench, it is named after the Prophet's companion, Salman the Persian. It was built during the reign of Umayyad Caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (reigned 717-720) and later renovated.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qotgoo.jpg)
+
+Umar bin Khattab Mosque in Medina: Located on the battlefield of the Battle of the Trench, it is named after Caliph Umar. It was built during the reign of Umayyad Caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (reigned 717-720) and later renovated.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0h983q.jpg)
+
+Ali bin Abu Talib Mosque in Medina: Located on the battlefield of the Battle of the Trench, it is named after Caliph Ali, who is said to have joined the battle here. It was built during the reign of Umayyad Caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (reigned 717-720) and later renovated.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ekhcb4.jpg)
+
+Fatimah Az-Zahra Mosque in Medina: Located on the battlefield of the Battle of the Trench, it is named after the Prophet's daughter, Fatimah. It is a small mosque attached to others, built during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I (reigned 1839-1861), and today only the wall foundations remain.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/17o5wp.jpg)
+
+Al-Shafi'i Mosque in Jeddah: The oldest surviving coral stone mosque in Jeddah. It was first built in 1250 by the King of Yemen, Al-Muzaffar, and named after the Shafi'i school of law followed in Yemen. In 1539, an Indian merchant named Khawaja Muhammad Ali brought the best wood from Yemen to rebuild everything except the minaret. You can see a clear Kerala, India style in the carvings on the cross-capitals of the porch.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7xpm7n.jpg)
+
+**20 mosques in Egypt in November.**
+
+Al-Hakim Mosque in Cairo: Construction began in 990 by the fifth Fatimid Caliph, Al-Aziz Billah, and was finished in 1013 by Caliph Al-Hakim. The mosque was used as a prison by the Franks during the Crusades, then as a stable by Saladin. It was rebuilt during the Mamluk period in the 14th century, but later fell into ruins for a long time before being restored again in 1808. In 1980, the Dawoodi Bohra branch of the Shia sect carried out a large-scale reconstruction and renovation using white marble.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gswboo.jpg)
+
+Aqmar Mosque in Cairo: Ordered by the Fatimid vizier Al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi and built in 1125-6, it holds a pioneering place in Egyptian architectural history. It is the first mosque where the main entrance is aligned with the street rather than the qibla wall. It is also the first mosque to feature complex stone carving decorations. In 1993, the Dawoodi Bohra branch of the Shia sect conducted a major renovation. Most of the historical elements inside the main hall were not preserved, which led to criticism.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y42uks.jpg)
+
+Al-Azhar Mosque in Cairo: In 969 AD, the Shia Ismaili Fatimid dynasty conquered Egypt and immediately began building the new capital, Cairo. After two years of construction, the first congregational mosque (Jumu'ah mosque) of Cairo officially opened in 972, known as Al-Azhar Mosque. Several Fatimid caliphs expanded and renovated Al-Azhar Mosque. Caliph al-Hafiz carried out a major renovation in 1138. The four-centered arches in the courtyard and the dome at the entrance of the main hall date back to this period.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e7l964.jpg)
+
+Al-Hussein Mosque in Cairo: In 1153, the Fatimid dynasty ordered the head of Hussein to be transported to Cairo to be buried alongside the Fatimid caliphs, and Al-Hussein Mosque was built in 1154. Today, the lower part of the south gate of Al-Hussein Mosque still retains its original Fatimid dynasty structure. In 1874, Ismail Pasha, the ruler of the Muhammad Ali dynasty, rebuilt Al-Hussein Mosque in a Gothic Revival style and constructed a minaret (bangke ta) that blended Gothic and Ottoman styles.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wg6ren.jpg)
+
+Abu al-Dhahab Mosque in Cairo: Built in 1774 by the Egyptian Mamluk ruler Abu al-Dhahab, it was the last large complex built by the Mamluks in Egypt, but only the mosque remains today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s138if.jpg)
+
+Al-Ashraf Mosque in Cairo: Built in 1424 by the Mamluk Sultan al-Ashraf Barsbay, it features a dome with geometric carvings, which is an early example of decorative dome carving.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zv0v9x.jpg)
+
+Sultan al-Mu'ayyad Mosque in Cairo: Built by the Mamluk Sultan al-Mu'ayyad between 1415 and 1421, it is the last large hypostyle mosque in Cairo. It originally had four facades, but only the east side and the main hall remain as original structures. The mosque's gate is known as the last grand gate of the Mamluk dynasty, decorated with exquisite marble geometric patterns, Kufic calligraphy, and complex stucco carvings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vq915g.jpg)
+
+Salih Tala'i Mosque in Cairo: Built in 1160 under the direction of the Fatimid vizier Tala'i ibn Ruzzik, it is the last important historical building of the Fatimid dynasty still standing. It is the first "hanging mosque" in Cairo, built on a platform with shops on three sides of the ground floor and the main hall on the upper level.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/98gmhs.jpg)
+
+Ahmed al-Mihmandar Mosque in Cairo: Built by the Mamluk Emir Ahmed al-Mihmandar between 1324 and 1325, it has a very exquisite facade. It is a typical example of Mamluk decorative style, featuring script calligraphy and muqarnas cornices.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kl72hv.jpg)
+
+Qijmas al-Ishaqi Mosque in Cairo: Built by the Mamluk Emir Qijmas al-Ishaqi between 1480 and 1481, it is a model and masterpiece of late Mamluk architecture and is printed on the 50 Egyptian pound banknote. The exterior facade of the mosque features the typical architectural style of the Mamluk Sultan Qaitbay period. The arabesque stone carvings, the muqarnas cornices above the windows, and the combination of red, black, and white marble are all very delicate.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4hzwhn.jpg)
+
+Mahmoud al-Kurdi Mosque in Cairo: Built in 1395 by the high-ranking Mamluk official Mahmoud al-Kurdi, it features the first dome carved with a V-shaped pattern; domes before this had spiral patterns. The dome on the minaret was also very rare at the time and was later widely used during the Ottoman Empire.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x3vaw7.jpg)
+
+Al-Rifa'i Mosque in Cairo: Rifa'i is a Sufi order founded in Iraq in the 12th century, which is widely distributed in Egypt and Syria. Al-Rifa'i Mosque was originally a Sufi lodge (zawiya). It was rebuilt into the current grand mosque by the Muhammad Ali dynasty of Egypt between 1869 and 1912, and it houses many members of the Egyptian royal family, including several kings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ritc8l.jpg)
+
+Amir Altinbugha al-Mardani Mosque in Cairo: Built between 1338 and 1340 by Emir Altinbugha al-Mardani, the son-in-law of Mamluk Sultan Nasir Muhammad. It is a classic Mamluk-style mosque with the most luxurious decorations of its time. It is also the first major Mamluk mosque to set the standard for an octagonal minaret and a large dome.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sawbmu.jpg)
+
+Umm al-Sultan Sha'ban Mosque in Cairo: Built by Mamluk Sultan al-Ashraf Sha'ban in 1368-69 to honor his mother, Umm al-Sultan Sha'ban, who was on the Hajj pilgrimage at the time. The mosque features a classic Mamluk architectural style, complete with ribbed and fluted domes. The outer walls stand 18 meters high, creating a grand and imposing presence.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c2l70a.jpg)
+
+Blue Mosque in Cairo: Originally named Aqsunqur Mosque, it was commissioned in 1347 by Emir Shams al-Din Aqsunqur, the son-in-law of a Mamluk sultan. As the former governor of Tripoli, Aqsunqur built the mosque in a Syrian style, featuring cross-vaults and a columned layout, both of which are rare in Cairo. The Blue Mosque houses the oldest marble minbar (pulpit) in Cairo, which is a rare find in the city. Between 1652 and 1654, Ottoman Janissary commander Emir Ibrahim Agha al-Mustahfizan decorated the qibla wall with Ottoman tiles, earning the building the name Blue Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/arl7le.jpg)
+
+Sultan Hasan Mosque in Cairo: Built by Mamluk Sultan Nasir Hasan between 1356 and 1363. This grand mosque is massive in scale, costing over 10,000 dinars, making it the most expensive mosque built in medieval Cairo. The top edge of the mosque's facade features a 1.5-meter-high stalactite cornice, an unprecedented detail in Mamluk architecture. The southern minaret stood 84 meters above the street when completed, making it the tallest minaret among all Mamluk structures. The center of the main hall is decorated with Kufic calligraphy and swirling arabesque patterns, which are unique to Mamluk architecture. The minbar features beautifully patterned bronze doors, another rare sight in Mamluk architecture.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/90hzev.jpg)
+
+Ibn Tulun Mosque in Cairo: The oldest surviving mosque in Egypt and the largest in Cairo by area. Built by Emir Ahmad ibn Tulun of the Tulunid dynasty between 876 and 879, it served as the main congregational mosque for the Tulunid capital. Ibn Tulun Mosque was modeled after the Great Mosque of Samarra in Iraq. It features a classic Abbasid style and contains the only spiral minaret in Egypt.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kuv018.jpg)
+
+Taghribirdi Mosque in Cairo: Built in 1440 by Emir Taghribirdi, a secretary to the Mamluk sultan, it features a classic Mamluk architectural style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/23g81q.jpg)
+
+Shaykhu Mosque in Cairo: Built in 1349 by the great Mamluk Emir Shaykhu al-Umari al-Nasiri, it contains the earliest open-arcaded riwaq courtyard in Egypt.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e9l0zy.jpg)
+
+Qanibay al-Muhammadi Mosque in Cairo: Built in 1413 by Qanibay al-Muhammadi, a high-ranking official of the Mamluk Sultanate. It features a classic Mamluk style, highlighted by a V-patterned dome and a minaret with a stalactite cornice.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ij2d3m.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__25_Beijing_Mosques___History__Architecture_and_Hui_Muslim_He.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__25_Beijing_Mosques___History__Architecture_and_Hui_Muslim_He.md
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d7365845fbc5854288cf3cd77d9d0b9370ae3234
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+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__25_Beijing_Mosques___History__Architecture_and_Hui_Muslim_He.md
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: 25 Beijing Mosques — History, Architecture and Hui Muslim Heritage"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2137"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2137"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:48Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "ec4ca2d6f5275d37673b91a50270bbb5aa5592ca2e871d9fcad89d683bc3c010"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: 25 Beijing Mosques — History, Architecture and Hui Muslim Heritage
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** 25 Beijing Mosques — History, Architecture and Hui Muslim Heritage is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: I could not leave Beijing in 2022, so I started visiting mosques I had rarely or never been to before. I visited twenty-five of them in total, and I would like to share them with you. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Mosques, Hui Muslims, Muslim Heritage while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+I could not leave Beijing in 2022, so I started visiting mosques I had rarely or never been to before. I visited twenty-five of them in total, and I would like to share them with you.
+
+These twenty-five mosques are:
+
+**In Xicheng District: Mishi Hutong Mosque, Huihuiying Mosque, Pushou Mosque, Dewai Fayuan Mosque, Zhengyuan Mosque, and Deshengqiao Mosque.**
+
+**In Dongcheng District: Dongzhimenwai Mosque.**
+
+**In Haidian District: Fangwai Guan at the Old Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan), Landianchang Mosque, Siwangfu Mosque, and Shucun Mosque.**
+
+**In Chaoyang District: Guanzhuang Mosque, Xihui Mosque, Yangzha Mosque, and Wanziying Mosque.**
+
+**In Changping District: Heying Mosque, Shahe Mosque, Changping Mosque, Nankou Mosque, and Xiguanshi Mosque.**
+
+**In Yanqing District: Chadaocheng Mosque.**
+
+**Majuqiao Mosque in Tongzhou.**
+
+**Gubeikou Mosque, Miyun Mosque, and Mujiaoyu Mosque in Miyun.**
+
+**In April: Mishi Hutong Mosque, Heying Mosque, Shahe Mosque, Changping Mosque, Majuqiao Mosque, Nankou Mosque, and Chadaocheng Mosque.**
+
+Today, near the Caishikou subway station in Beijing, the two-story building of Mishi Hutong Mosque still stands inside a large construction site. It is the only part of the mosque that survived the Daji area demolition ten years ago. The small building was originally the old Bianyifang Restaurant. During the Republic of China era, many Hui Muslims from the five northwestern provinces moved near Caishikou. Since it was inconvenient for them to travel to Tianqiao Mosque or Jiaozihu Hutong Mosque for namaz, they raised over 10,000 yuan to buy the building. After renovations, it officially became Mishi Hutong Mosque on January 1, 1940. For more details, see the diary entry 'The Only Southern-Style Mosque Architecture in Beijing—Mishi Hutong Mosque'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hlgp55.jpg)
+
+In Heying, Changping, Beijing, there is the tomb of the Western Regions sage Bo Hazhi, which locals also call the Sheikh Baba tomb. A Hui Muslim family surnamed Zhang has guarded the tomb for generations. From the Ming Dynasty until now, local and nearby Hui Muslims have gathered here every year on the 24th day of the third lunar month to visit the Sheikh Baba tomb, a tradition that has never stopped. On the south side of the Bo Hazhi tomb garden stands Heying Mosque, which was built by Uncle Zhang's family in the 1930s. Only the north house remains of the old building. You can see the middle of the walls are built with stones that Uncle Zhang hauled back from the mountains years ago. See the diary entry 'Visiting the Tomb of the Western Regions Sage Bo Hazhi' for details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7h6jt9.jpg)
+
+For the first Jumu'ah of Ramadan, I felt very grateful. Some mosques in Beijing's Changping, Fangshan, and Tongzhou districts opened, so I went to Shahe Mosque, which is relatively convenient from my home, to pray Jumu'ah. During the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty, the northern Beijing road to Zhangjiakou shifted to Shahe, and Hui Muslims who traded cattle and sheep began to settle there. Shahe Mosque was first built in the Ming Dynasty and renovated twice during the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty and the Republican period. It is a typical traditional North China mosque courtyard. See the diary entry 'Visiting Seven Ancient Mosques During Ramadan' for details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q59g7o.jpg)
+
+Changping Wujie Mosque under renovation. Wujie Mosque is also called Changping City Mosque. Legend says it was built by Chang Yuchun during his northern expedition. It was rebuilt during the Wanli reign using stone and wood left over from building the Ming Tombs. The golden silk nanmu beams and pillars in the main hall have been preserved to this day. See the diary entry 'Visiting Seven Ancient Mosques During Ramadan' for details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i04dny.jpg)
+
+I went to Majuqiao Mosque in Tongzhou for Jumu'ah prayers. Majuqiao sits on the south bank of the Liangshui River. After the Yongle Emperor moved the capital, he built the Nanhaizi Royal Hunting Park here. In 1463, during the seventh year of the Tianshun reign, a stone arch bridge was built across the Liangshui River. From then on, Majuqiao became a key route near the capital. Merchants gathered here, and Hui Muslims kept moving in to do business. Majuqiao Mosque was built during the Ming Dynasty, renovated during the Qianlong reign, and expanded again in 1937. In 1999, all the wood, bricks, and tiles from the demolished Niujie Women's Mosque were used to renovate Majuqiao Mosque, and the towering Moon-Sighting Tower (wangyuelou) was added behind the main hall. See the diary entry 'Visiting Seven Ancient Mosques During Ramadan' for details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xu4lgm.jpg)
+
+To defend against Mongol invasions, the Ming Dynasty built Nankou City in 1404, the second year of the Yongle reign, and it was rebuilt many times later. After the Qing Dynasty, as trade on the grasslands flourished, Nankou City became filled with shops and a constant stream of traveling merchants. Nankou Mosque sits outside the south gate of Nankou City. Its exact founding date is unknown, but it is believed to have been built during the Ming Dynasty. The mosque houses a stone tablet from the 20th year of the Guangxu reign (1894) titled 'Record of the Reconstruction of Nankou Mosque in Yanqing Prefecture.' It notes that Imam Yang Xiaoshan from Shixia City in Miyun was hired by the mosque in 1876. He traveled everywhere to raise donations (nietie), then built the south lecture hall in 1879, the north quiet room in 1880, and a water well in 1881. In 1887, Imam Yang moved to Shacheng Mosque in Huailai County. Nankou Mosque then hired Imam Shan Hong'en, who continued work by building a washroom (shuifang) next to the well and a main gate in the northeast corner. The current Nankou Mosque largely keeps the layout it had after the renovations during the Guangxu reign. See the diary entry 'Visiting Seven Ancient Mosques During Ramadan' for details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rucx30.jpg)
+
+Chadao City is the first fortress gate when entering Beijing from outside the Great Wall via the Jundu Path, one of the eight paths of the Taihang Mountains. It served as an outpost for Juyong Pass. From here, you can head west through Huailai to reach Xuanhua and Zhangjiakou, or head north to reach Yanqing and Yongning. This is why it is called 'Chadao,' or 'Forked Road.' Chadao City was built in the 9th year of the Chenghua reign (1473) of the Ming Dynasty. It was rebuilt with brick reinforcements twice during the Jiajing and Longqing reigns and served as an important pass to defend against Mongol invasions. After the Qing Dynasty, Chadao City became a key route for merchants traveling to the capital from the northwest. Trade was frequent, the city grew more prosperous, and many shops and inns opened. To serve the needs of traveling Hui Muslims, a mosque was built inside the city. See the diary entry 'Visiting Seven Ancient Mosques During Ramadan' for details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w7a6r7.jpg)
+
+**May: Gubeikou Mosque, Fangwai Guan at the Old Summer Palace, Huiying Mosque, and Pushou Mosque.**
+
+On the first day after Eid al-Fitr, I decided to visit the old mosque in Gubeikou, Miyun. The original construction date of Gubeikou Mosque is unknown. According to a stone tablet inside from the Ming Dynasty, it was renovated in the second year of the Chongzhen reign (1629). In the 34th year of the Kangxi reign (1695), a Hui Muslim officer named Ma Jinliang was transferred to Gubeikou as a regional commander due to his military achievements. In the 42nd year of the Kangxi reign (1703), he was promoted to commander-in-chief of Zhili. People called him General Ma the Hui Muslim, and he was stationed in Hexi Village, Gubeikou. While in Gubeikou, Ma Jinliang oversaw the renovation of Gubeikou Mosque. The current structure of the old mosque is mostly from that renovation during the Kangxi reign. See the diary entry "Visiting the Old Mosque at Gubeikou" for details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w1j622.jpg)
+
+The View from Afar (Fangwaiguan) is part of the Western-style building complex at the Old Summer Palace. It was built between 1756 and 1759 during the 21st to 24th years of the Qianlong Emperor's reign. It was primarily designed by the Italian court painter Giuseppe Castiglione and built by Chinese craftsmen in the late Renaissance Italian Baroque style. In 1760, the Qianlong Emperor summoned the Hui Muslim leaders who helped suppress the White Mountain sect rebellion to the capital. He named the hero Turdu Khoja a first-rank taiji and gave his sister the title of Noble Lady He (He Guiren). In 1761, the Khoja woman was promoted to Concubine Rong (Rong Pin) and later to Consort Rong (Rong Fei). The Qianlong Emperor then converted the View from Afar into a prayer hall specifically for her to perform namaz. After that, the Khoja woman lived in the palace for 28 years until she returned to Allah at the Old Summer Palace in 1788. See the diary entry "The Mosque in the Old Summer Palace" for details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/goxsfp.jpg)
+
+During the Qing Dynasty, Beijing had a mosque built by imperial decree: the Hui Muslim Camp Mosque (Huihuiying Qingzhensi) on West Chang'an Street. It was the only mosque built by the Qing government. Unfortunately, the main hall of the Hui Muslim Camp Mosque collapsed due to disrepair in the 1900s, and it was completely demolished by Yuan Shikai in the early years of the Republic of China. After the main hall was torn down, the community had nowhere to pray, so they rebuilt a small hall on the original site, which was also torn down in 2010. In 2011, the Xicheng District Cultural Committee rebuilt the mosque 200 meters west of the original site, and the stone tablet titled "Imperial Decree for the Hui People's Mosque" inscribed by Emperor Qianlong was placed back in the courtyard. See the diary entry "Visiting the Huiying Mosque at Beihai Park" for details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g7frpy.jpg)
+
+Pushou Mosque is located on Jinshifang Street in Beijing's Xicheng District, which was called Jinchengfang Street during the Yuan Dynasty. Although precious Yuan Dynasty tombstones are preserved there, no records have been found so far confirming that Pushou Mosque was built during the Yuan Dynasty. Because a plaque stamped with "Built in the Fourth Year of Xuande of the Great Ming" once hung above the hanging flower gate (chuihuamen) of the mosque, it is generally believed that Pushou Mosque was founded in 1429 (the fourth year of the Xuande reign of the Ming Dynasty) and was renovated many times during the Zhengtong, Wanli, Tianqi, and Chongzhen years of the Ming Dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty, Pushou Mosque was known as one of the four major official mosques in Beijing, alongside Niujie Mosque, Dongsi Mosque, and Faming Mosque inside Andingmen, and it held a very high status. According to the 1521 (the 16th year of the Zhengde reign) "Record of the Renovation of the Mosque" tablet at Dingzhou Mosque, Chen Xun, the Earl of Wuping, sought help from the congregation at Pushou Mosque to renovate Dingzhou Mosque during the Hongzhi reign of the Ming Dynasty and received great support, as the mosque was then filled with "gentry and scholar-officials." The mosque was torn down after the Jinshifang Street demolition in 2008, then rebuilt into its current form between 2010 and 2014. See the diary entry, "Sufi Practitioners Who Came from the Ilkhanate to the Yuan Dynasty Capital."
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p12rxj.jpg)
+
+**July: Dongzhimenwai Mosque, Xiguanshi Mosque, Dewai Fayuan Mosque, and Zhengyuan Mosque.**
+
+A great day starts with breakfast (bangda), then I went to the Dongzhimenwai Mosque near my home. Dongzhimenwai Mosque was originally called Erlizhuang Mosque. It was first built during the Yuan Dynasty and renovated during the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty. In the late 1980s, Shougang and a Danish company built international apartments in Erlizhuang, so the mosque was moved one kilometer to the northwest. It was finished in 1991 and reopened in 1993. See the diary entry, "Islamic New Year, Visiting Old Mosques in Beijing."
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/77qtxu.jpg)
+
+Xiguanshi Mosque was originally called Guanshicun Mosque. It was first built in 1494 (the seventh year of the Hongzhi reign of the Ming Dynasty). The main hall was rebuilt in 1709 (the 48th year of Kangxi), the main gate in 1723 (the first year of Yongzheng), the hall rooms in 1732 (the tenth year of Yongzheng), and the prayer niche hall (yaodian) in 1761 (the 26th year of Qianlong). It continued to be renovated during the Guangxu reign and the Republic of China period. See the diary entry, "Islamic New Year, Visiting Old Mosques in Beijing."
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pn18tq.jpg)
+
+The founding date of Fayuan Mosque is unknown. It was originally located on a slope north of Jiaochangkou outside Deshengmen. It moved and expanded during the Kangxi reign, and the main hall was expanded again during the Republic of China period. It consists of four connected roofs and a four-cornered pointed pavilion. A plaque reading "All things return to the truth" hangs at the entrance of the main hall. It was inscribed by Army General Ma Fuxiang in 1928. See the diary entry, "Islamic New Year, Visiting Old Mosques in Beijing."
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yk2wc2.jpg)
+
+Zhengyuan Mosque was formerly the Beigouyan Mosque, which was built inside Xizhimen during the Daoguang reign. After 1946, Beigouyan was renamed Zhaodengyu Road, so it was also called Zhaodengyu Road Mosque. In 1997, it was relocated and rebuilt due to demolition, and it was renamed Zhengyuan Mosque. See the diary entry, "Islamic New Year, Visiting Old Mosques in Beijing."
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bqow9c.jpg)
+
+**August: Miyun Mosque and Mujia Yu Mosque.**
+
+Miyun Chengguan Mosque was first built during the Qing Dynasty and moved to its current site for reconstruction in 2006. See the diary 'A Halal Journey Around Miyun Reservoir' for details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q6sx69.jpg)
+
+Mujia Yu Village is now called North Mujia Yu Hui Muslim Village. It sits northeast of Miyun's urban area and south of Miyun Reservoir. Historically, it was on the trade route from Gubeikou and Shixia Ancient City to Miyun's urban center. The Hui Muslims with the surname Mu came from Mujiazhuang in Tianjin (today's Mumu Village). They moved to Miyun during the Qianlong reign, over two hundred years ago. Mu Chaoyu, the son of the first ancestor to move to Mujia Yu, Mu Guobao, built the Mujia Yu Mosque on a small hill by the river east of the village in his later years. See the diary 'A Halal Journey Around Miyun Reservoir' for details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pcb38d.jpg)
+
+**September: Desheng Bridge Mosque, Guanzhuang Mosque, Xihui Mosque, and Yangzha Mosque.**
+
+Houhai Mosque is located on the north bank of the river connecting Houhai and Xihai, on the east side of Desheng Bridge, so it is also called Desheng Bridge Mosque. The mosque is said to have been built during the Qing Dynasty. The current building was rebuilt in 1946 and features a typical Western-style architecture from the Republic of China era. Due to history, it has now become a crowded residential compound. When I visited, the owner of the room on the southernmost side of the main prayer hall was renovating, which allowed me to see the inside of the hall. The biggest surprise was that the renovation work peeled off the outer layer of the wall, revealing traditional calligraphy of scriptures on the wall facing the direction of prayer. As the renovation continues, the calligraphy will likely be hidden from view again soon. See my diary entry, "Searching for the Republic of China Era Building at Houhai Mosque," for more details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eg82bo.jpg)
+
+The founding date of Guanzhuang Mosque is unknown. The main hall was renovated in 1946. From 1958 to the 1980s, it was occupied by a large canteen, a rope-making factory, and a production team. It was renovated and rebuilt again from 2003 to 2004. The finial on the moon-viewing tower (wangyuelou) was cast by craftsmen from Hexiwu, Tianjin, following the design of the original one. See my diary entry, "Visiting Ancient Mosques in Beijing in Autumn," for more details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tml9e0.jpg)
+
+Xihui Mosque is located by the Tonghui River, on the north bank of the former Puji Sluice Bridge. It was built in 1821 (the first year of the Daoguang reign). A plaque inscribed with the words "Qingzhen Wu'er" (The Truth of Islam is Unique) by Cao Zhenyong, a Grand Secretary of the Tiren Pavilion, still hangs above the main hall. See my diary entry, "Visiting Ancient Mosques in Beijing in Autumn," for more details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lnm0b3.jpg)
+
+Yangzha Mosque was once right next to the main road from Chaoyangmen in Beijing to Tongzhou. It was reportedly built during the Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty. The current building was rebuilt in 1994 and renovated again in 2006. The mosque has covered walkways and pavilions, plus pine and cypress trees moved here from Jixian, Tianjin, in 1998. It is a very pleasant place. See my diary entry, "Visiting Ancient Mosques in Beijing in Autumn," for more details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c8283a.jpg)
+
+**October: Wanziying Mosque, Landianchang Mosque, Siwangfu Mosque, and Shucun Mosque.**
+
+The founding date of Wanziying Mosque is unknown. When it was rebuilt in the late 1980s, a 90-year-old village elder named Li Shiqing provided a hand-drawn picture of the mosque. The repairs were then based on the style shown in his drawing. The mosque is small but has a great environment. It is quiet, pleasant, and far from the noise of the city. See my diary entry, "Visiting Ancient Mosques in Beijing in Autumn," for more details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bpk01k.jpg)
+
+The Landianchang Mosque was first built during the Ming Dynasty. It was renovated several times during the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty and the Republican era. It stayed open during the 1960s, though some of its buildings were occupied. The property was returned in 1979 and renovated in 1987. After the Landianchang area was demolished in 2004, the mosque began reconstruction in 2007 and was finished in 2009. See my diary entry, "Visiting Ancient Mosques in Beijing in Autumn," for more details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m7zeji.jpg)
+
+The Siwangfu Mosque is located just east of the Botanical Garden. It is shared by Hui Muslims from five nearby communities: Xiangshan, Siwangfu, Mentou, Nanhetan, and Xiaotun. Legend says the mosque was founded during the Qianlong period by elders from Houmenqiao and the local community. It was renovated during the Republican era but closed between the 1960s and 1980s. The main prayer hall fell into disrepair and was near collapse, so it was torn down and the wood and bricks were sold. The community then rebuilt the north wing and a surrounding wall, moving their namaz to the north wing. Thanks to efforts from many sides, the main prayer hall was rebuilt in 1990. However, due to construction errors, the hall was eventually moved to the east side of the original site, which created the layout seen today. See my diary entry, "Visiting Ancient Mosques in Beijing in Autumn," for more details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2sbp6j.jpg)
+
+Shucun Mosque (Shucun Si) is located outside the north gate of the Old Summer Palace. It was first built during the Kangxi reign and was renovated many times during the Yongzheng, Tongzhi, and Xuantong periods, as well as during the Republic of China era. The mosque was occupied in the 1950s and damaged in the 1960s. It resumed religious activities in 1983 and has since been renovated several more times. Shucun village has now been demolished, and the villagers have moved into apartment buildings. See my diary entry, "Visiting Ancient Mosques in Beijing in Autumn," for more details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xlmddq.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Acheng__Heilongjiang___Mosque_Architecture_and_Hui_Muslims.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Acheng__Heilongjiang___Mosque_Architecture_and_Hui_Muslims.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c599e55dd68e98519137a90a06d01bf3d9ee8fc5
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+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Acheng__Heilongjiang___Mosque_Architecture_and_Hui_Muslims.md
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Acheng, Heilongjiang — Mosque Architecture and Hui Muslims"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2300"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2300"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:41Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "fcb067155b46ae724b327f8cb55ecb46ff177f16bfd074538ec104c3ac4a5bdf"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Acheng, Heilongjiang — Mosque Architecture and Hui Muslims
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Acheng Mosque in Heilongjiang is an important local Muslim site with distinctive architecture and community history. This travel account records the mosque, its spaces, and the surrounding Hui Muslim context while preserving the original image order.
+
+Take a taxi from Harbin to Acheng to visit the famous historic mosque, Acheng Mosque.
+
+In 1726 (the fourth year of the Yongzheng reign), the Ningguta General established the Alechuka Assistant Commander's Office near the site of the Jin Dynasty capital, Huining Prefecture. Soon after, the city of Alechuka was built, shortened to Acheng. In 1770 (the 35th year of the Qianlong reign), Yang Huaxian, a Hui Muslim from Shen County, Shandong, settled in Acheng with the Qing army to serve as a clerk at the Alechuka office. Afterward, more Hui Muslims moved from Shandong to Acheng and rented houses from Manchu bannermen. By 1777 (the 42nd year of the Qianlong reign), there were 26 (some say 28) Hui Muslim households in Acheng, including the Yang, Wang, San, Ma, Zhang, Ding, Jin, and Cai families. They rented eight rooms from Manchu bannermen in Xigangzi on West Street to establish the first Acheng Mosque, with Yang Huaxian serving as the mosque elder.
+
+In 1802 (the seventh year of the Jiaqing reign), Elder Yang Huaxian negotiated the purchase of two plots of ancestral land in Xigangzi, formerly belonging to the Manchu official Saisai, and began building the formal Acheng Mosque. Construction continued through the Jiaqing, Daoguang, and Xianfeng reigns, taking 50 years to complete. Twelve years after the mosque was finished, a fire broke out in Acheng in 1873 (the 12th year of the Tongzhi reign). The mosque's Moon-Sighting Tower (wangyuelou) and North Lecture Hall were destroyed, leaving only the South Lecture Hall and the reception hall.
+
+In 1890 (the 16th year of the Guangxu reign), the mosque's imam, Liu Yuzhang, and manager, Luo Yuzhang, began organizing the reconstruction of the mosque. The Moon-Sighting Tower on the main prayer hall required four pine pillars over 15 meters long. After searching, the mosque found such trees in a forest area called Houdu near Yabuli. Mosque elders Yang Qingbao, Geng Qiming, and Yang Baoshen risked their lives to negotiate logging with the bandits occupying the area. The bandit leader not only agreed to let them cut six trees but also sent men to help fell them and transport them back. When the timber arrived in Acheng, someone reported them. Mosque elder Jin Yuxi and others had to travel to Jilin for a difficult legal battle, which they eventually won to keep the wood.
+
+When construction began, the elders went to Wula Street in Jilin to hire a carpenter named Sun Yulin to lead the work. Legend says Carpenter Sun's master was worried about his apprentice, so he traveled to Acheng to check the construction and material measurements. He said nothing after looking, but secretly went to a stone shop and had four 3-foot-tall lotus-shaped stone bases made. When it came time to raise the four main pillars for the prayer hall, they were exactly 3 feet too short. Seeing this, the master immediately told Carpenter Sun to take a cart to the stone shop and bring back the four lotus bases, which fit perfectly. In this way, Acheng Mosque was finally completed in 1900 (the 26th year of the Guangxu reign) as the building we see today.
+
+The Moon-Watching Tower (wangyuelou) at Acheng Mosque features painted beams and carved pillars with high, sweeping eaves. It has wooden railings with floral patterns on all six sides. The carvings use openwork techniques, with the Eight Immortals hidden in the bracket sets (que-ti). The hanging eaves (gualuo) feature carvings of plum blossoms, lotus flowers, peach blossoms, chrysanthemums, and camellias, creating a 'four seasons' scene.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kra0d1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gzhnle.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8mstn3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/knpcc9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5uakta.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gem67k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/73gn9o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/id3z6j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6zvq9h.jpg)
+
+Inside the main hall of Acheng Mosque stands an exquisite pulpit (minbar), reaching 3.3 meters in height. Its layered, staggered design makes it look like a pavilion from a fairyland. This minbar was actually one of two models built in 1890 (the 16th year of the Guangxu reign) for the reconstruction of the Acheng Mosque Moon-Watching Tower. After discussions among the mosque elders, they chose the style of the other model. They built the current Moon-Watching Tower according to that design in 1900 (the 26th year of the Guangxu reign), and this model was then used as the minbar. During the Cultural Revolution, the minbar was damaged. Nearly half of the hanging pillars were broken, the calligraphy for the dua was removed, and the railings were damaged. Fortunately, the main structure of the minbar was saved.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rc4apo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ru3ncs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xfnz8x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2txqxh.jpg)
+
+The brick carvings at Acheng Mosque are also very beautiful. The openwork technique used on the gable ends of the porch (juanpeng chitou) is quite rare in traditional mosque architecture.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uzv6p0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9t9ttu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/al0fso.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qa2cjh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lfz8bu.jpg)
+
+**Plaques and couplets inside Acheng Mosque.**
+
+'Profound Truth of Heaven' (Xiantian Miaoli): Presented by the official in charge of auditing, a fourth-rank expectant sub-prefect, in the ninth lunar month of 1863 (the second year of the Tongzhi reign). This plaque. This plaque was discovered in 2006 when the floor of the main hall of Acheng Mosque was being repaired. Unfortunately, the top and bottom parts of the plaque are missing, so the name of the person who presented it is lost. During the Tongzhi reign, a Manchu Bordered White Banner official named Dekejing'a served as the local official in Acheng. It is believed he may have presented this plaque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/urz9pb.jpg)
+
+'Sectarian Style of the Western Regions' (Xiyu Zongfeng): Presented by Deying, the former acting Jilin General and former Acheng and Heilongjiang General, who held the rank of Jilin Deputy Lieutenant-General, in the sixth lunar month of 1870 (the ninth year of the Tongzhi reign). Deying was a member of the Jilin Mongol Bordered White Banner. He became the Acheng Deputy Lieutenant-General in 1864 and later served as the Jilin General and Heilongjiang General. He was highly respected by the people, who called him 'Justice De'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1968x2.jpg)
+
+'The Faith Flourishes Throughout the Universe' (Jiao Long Yuzhou): Presented by Haguang Hejing, a military official in charge of Jilin affairs, in the second lunar month of 1878 (the fourth year of the Guangxu reign).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0kidiv.jpg)
+
+'Eternal Purity' (Wangu Qingzhen): Presented by Garudai, the Deputy Lieutenant-General stationed in Acheng and Lalin, in the fourth lunar month of 1898 (the 24th year of the Guangxu reign). Galudai was a member of the Manchu Plain White Banner. He served as the deputy lieutenant-general of Alechuka in 1897. He held the post for one year, and before leaving, he dedicated a plaque to the Acheng Mosque. He was later transferred to Jinzhou.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lygn7q.jpg)
+
+The plaque was dedicated by Wang Hongnian, who held the rank of fourth-class Wenhu Medal recipient and served as the quartermaster for the Jilin Deputy Commander's Office of the Northeast Frontier Defense Army and deputy director of the Jilin Army Clothing Factory. It was presented in the sixth lunar month of 1929. Wang Hongnian was a Hui Muslim army general who served under Zhang Xueliang in the Northeast Frontier Defense Army in 1929. The day the plaque was delivered was a grand and lively event. An honor guard from the Jilin Third Normal School escorted it with loud music and drums. Acheng County Magistrate Bai Hongkui also took part in the ceremony.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1vsrcv.jpg)
+
+The inscription reads: 'With the skill of Lu Ban, the work was completed in three years, keeping the holy path in heart; with a name lasting through history, the praise for the pure faith remains for a hundred years.' This was presented in 1900 by Sun Yulin, a carpenter from Wula Street in Jilin who helped rebuild the Acheng Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p1g9jj.jpg)
+
+The north wing of the Acheng Mosque has been turned into a history exhibition room, where some precious artifacts are kept. Among them is a Russian document that serves as a historical witness to the lives of Tatars in Heilongjiang during the Tsarist era. The document states: 'The representative holding this paper and about 150 Muslim immigrants are traveling to Alechuka for worship. Military commanders should allow them free passage and residence.' all commanders have a responsibility to provide them with protection. VI II Military District Adjutant, Army Captain: Melyeryerqi.
+
+After Russia occupied Vladivostok in 1860, they began planning a railway across the Qing Dynasty to reach this Pacific port more quickly. In 1896, Li Hongzhang signed the Secret Treaty of Alliance between the Qing Empire and the Russian Empire, naming the line the Great Qing Eastern Railway (Dongqing Railway). After 1920, it was renamed the Chinese Eastern Railway (Zhongdong Railway). Construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway began in August 1897. Soon after, Tatars began arriving from Russia to make a living along the railway line. Some opened small shops, while others served in the Russian army.
+
+In March 1899, the railway opened from the Songhua River to the Ashi River near Acheng. The Ashi River Station (later renamed Acheng Station) became the first station on the Chinese Eastern Railway to open, and it transported large amounts of building materials for the early construction of Harbin. A Tatar community formed near Acheng Station. Many Tatars went to the Acheng Mosque for Friday Jumu'ah prayers. The Western-style chandeliers in the mosque's main prayer hall were gifts from these Tatars.
+
+However, war is cruel. The Boxer Rebellion broke out in 1900. In August, three Russian cavalry companies attacked Acheng to suppress the Boxers, and the Qing troops guarding the city fled to Jilin. The Russian troops fired at the Moon-Watching Tower (Wangyuelou) of the Acheng Mosque to intimidate the people. Inside, the imam, Liu Yuzhang—known to everyone as Imam Liu Si—led the community in a vow to defend the mosque to the death. Imam Liu sent village elders who knew some Russian to negotiate with the Tatars among the Russian troops, while he led the others in hanging the scripture curtains (jingweibu) from the graves inside the mosque. Legend says the Russian troops set up a row of blades west of the mosque. Imam Liu held the Quran (Gure'ani) to his chest, recited the Opening Chapter (Fatiha), and walked through the blades with great courage, finally stopping the Russian troops from entering the mosque. Later, the legendary story of Imam Liu Si walking through the blades to protect the mosque became widely known among the Hui Muslims of Acheng.
+
+At that time, besides Hui Muslims, some Han Chinese also took refuge in the mosque. Luo Wenge, the manager of the Yuxiangju Sauce Shop in Acheng, often told his Hui Muslim friends that his family's shopkeeper survived only because he took shelter in the mosque. Every year during Eid al-Fitr (Kaizhaijie), his family donated rice and flour to the mosque as a charitable gift (nieti) to show their gratitude.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pwsjg5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/alhcah.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qr6emm.jpg)
+
+Legend says this pair of stone lions (shisunni) came from the mansion of the Jin Dynasty commander Jin Wuzhu. After the Alechuka Deputy Lieutenant-General's office was established during the Qianlong reign, they were moved to the Armored Soldiers' Office (Pijiafu) under the Deputy Lieutenant-General. After the Acheng Mosque was built, the armored soldiers gave the pair of stone lions to the mosque. They were kept in front of the main hall until 2002, when they were removed for safekeeping.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uwncr3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cj5cgl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mzbwxb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3l7kqb.jpg)
+
+The bronze incense burner in the mosque was cast during the Qianlong period, and the holes on it were made in the 1960s.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mvulrn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7mtq19.jpg)
+
+Chinese and Arabic books preserved in the mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t815n8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/32n6bf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o4pj49.jpg)
+
+**Street view around the Acheng Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/51ahx4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tx4agx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zuq7oz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/66anhs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ytjc34.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2v7hjs.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Almaty___Hui_Muslim_Mosque_and_Community_Visit.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Almaty___Hui_Muslim_Mosque_and_Community_Visit.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed4d68053badcd18b713f478884b302f5c34874f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Almaty___Hui_Muslim_Mosque_and_Community_Visit.md
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Almaty — Hui Muslim Mosque and Community Visit"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2306"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2306"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:47Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "335394334af9bdb1531f81540a007689f2ec328c5c0569f6678d6bb39f4f2ff9"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Almaty — Hui Muslim Mosque and Community Visit
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Almaty has a Hui Muslim mosque community connected to migration, faith, and Chinese-speaking Muslim heritage in Kazakhstan. This travel note follows the mosque visit and community details while keeping all original facts and images.
+
+On September 29, I flew from Beijing Capital Airport on Air Astana to Almaty, then headed to a Hui mosque on Pavlodarskaya Street in the northern suburbs of Almaty for Jumu'ah.
+
+The mosque is not very big, but it was packed with people from many different ethnic groups during Jumu'ah. The courtyard, the upstairs, and the downstairs were all full, and there were many young people. The imam is a local Hui Muslim from Shaanxi. He speaks excellent Shaanxi dialect, Russian, and Arabic, but he gave the sermon (wa'z) in Russian so that everyone from different ethnic groups could understand. The Jumu'ah process is the same as the traditional practice back home in China. After the prayer, the way they performed the repentance (tawbah), raised their fingers, and finally walked in a circle to shake hands felt so familiar.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q3i5kn.jpg)
+
+**Imam**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/no6477.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l7dg9v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2afb7o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/92wvyw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rqsg9a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lpnx7c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qo27kn.jpg)
+
+The mosque was preparing to hold a religious gathering in the evening, but unfortunately, I had to catch a connecting flight and could not make it. I am grateful that I met community leaders who had come from various Hui Muslim mosques in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan for the gathering. Chatting with them in the Shaanxi dialect felt so warm; it was exactly the same as the Urumqi Shaanxi dialect my parents-in-law speak.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wbz2tu.jpg)
+
+After Jumu'ah, the mosque elders invited me to eat pilaf (zhuafan). The small-batch pilaf was very similar to the home-cooked style of Urumqi Hui Muslims, and it was not as oily as Uyghur pilaf.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zdnkcj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b8j8pz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qulrut.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lmr94a.jpg)
+
+Besides side dishes, the pilaf here was served with pickled cucumbers made by the mosque. They were not as salty as the ones bought in supermarkets back home, and they felt very Soviet. I also ate spicy green tomatoes made by the mosque. They were spicy, fragrant, and went perfectly with the pilaf. I don't think I have ever eaten unripe green tomatoes like this back in China. There was also cake made by the mosque, which was very delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bnppe8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bx1ieu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wmdenw.jpg)
+
+Many young and middle-aged people here are enthusiastic about community affairs, and I felt very happy chatting with everyone. Several of the elders used to work in foreign trade in China, so they speak good Mandarin. I chatted for a long time with a man named Brother Wang. He did business in Horgos a few years ago and spent some time in Yiwu this year. He told me there are three Hui Muslim mosques in Almaty, two of which are Shaanxi mosques and one is a Gansu mosque. The one I visited is a Shaanxi mosque, and even the young people here can speak fluent Shaanxi dialect at home.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hm2ef8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uyudjz.jpg)
+
+After Friday namaz, everyone started getting busy preparing for the Mawlid celebration that evening. The fried dough (youxiang) and fried dough cubes (baorsak) were already fried, but the main task was to cook two large wood-fired pots of pilaf (zhuafan). The students (mulla) and village elders at the mosque worked together, making the atmosphere busy and blessed. They say the mosque is even livelier during Ramadan, when they cook three large wood-fired pots of pilaf every day.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i68n18.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pkta6e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xc697q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jrpj9w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y8cpot.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5crwtk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n0dsa8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9gop1z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rrxlnq.jpg)
+
+I bought a large flaky baked bun (samsa) at the entrance of the Green Bazaar in Almaty; this is a classic street snack in Almaty. I happened to meet a Dungan man who offered to translate for us. His ancestors were from Shaanxi, and he spoke with a very authentic Shaanxi accent; he said he still has many relatives in Yili.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l6mi99.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/obx4md.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v4fe9q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ezx9q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/old9z8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ahxwdp.jpg)
+
+The Green Bazaar in Almaty is a place where many ethnic groups gather. There are Kazakhs selling horse meat, Russians selling pork, Koreans selling kimchi, Dungans selling small goods, and Uyghurs selling fruit. People live in this city for all sorts of reasons, which gives Almaty its unique character.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/co9zu1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p3nhju.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fj4ubl.jpg)
+
+The Central State Museum of Kazakhstan displays a Dungan bridal gown made in 1918. I have seen Dungan bridal gowns many times online and in books, but this was my first time seeing the real thing, and the cloud-shaped collar (yunjian) on it was beautiful. Even though it was already the 20th century, the Dungan people still kept the traditional clothing styles of Qing Dynasty women. I hope to have the chance to attend a Dungan wedding in the future.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rfk6fz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0986ra.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g0a2p2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/97tg6d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pd9ccn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/51yyfq.jpg)
+
+Various traditional Dungan textiles and jewelry are on display at the Central State Museum of Kazakhstan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i2tlfs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w963yj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f7s3nx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d1q4y7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mw8ti4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j94xf0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s6jxvm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5qfc4a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7b9qix.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Bangkok_Chinatown___Hui_Cemetery__Mosque_and_History.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Bangkok_Chinatown___Hui_Cemetery__Mosque_and_History.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7f2803197239ac6b4b276cd523f37bf41c4b62eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Bangkok_Chinatown___Hui_Cemetery__Mosque_and_History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Bangkok Chinatown - Hui Cemetery, Mosque and History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2594"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2594"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:01Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "a05f62a9b7071e30b9868fcd7bb3f47e330f9226814c8554548fc2a2a857a4f7"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Bangkok Chinatown - Hui Cemetery, Mosque and History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Bangkok's Chinatown contains a Yunnan Hui Muslim cemetery inside Luang Kocha Itsahak Mosque on Song Wat Road. This account connects the Ma family of Tonghai, Yunnan, the old caravan trade, the mosque's royal translator history, and the Muslim life around Yaowarat.
+
+This year, I unexpectedly found a graveyard for Hui Muslims from Yunnan in Bangkok's Chinatown, located inside the Luang Kocha Itsahak mosque on Song Wat Road. Some of these tombstones state that the people came from the Ma family in the Great Hui Village (Da Hui Cun) of Tonghai, Yunnan. The Great Hui Village was originally called Hexi Dadonggou and is home to thousands of Hui Muslims, with the Ma family being the largest clan. According to the Hexi County Annals, the Ma family was originally from Nanjing and moved to Yunnan with the army in the early Ming Dynasty. Tombstone records also state that the Ma family were from Liushuwan Gaoshikan in Nanjing Yingtian Prefecture and moved to Yunnan for business.
+
+The head of the Ma family, Ma Yuanwu, originally made a living by farming. During the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty, he sent his eldest son, Ma Tongzhu, to lead a horse caravan. After saving some money, he sent his eldest grandson, Ma Bingzhong, to open a soy sauce workshop. The Ma family used their horse caravan to transport brown sugar to Kunming for sale and brought salt back, gradually growing their business this way. In 1918, the Ma family sold the soy sauce workshop and opened the Yuanxinzhai trading firm in Mojiang. They switched to selling cotton yarn, cloth, silk, and satin, while also buying mountain goods and medicinal herbs like tea, shellac (zijie), cowhide, deerskin, and deer antler (lurong). Later, they also processed deer glue, expanding their reach from China to Thailand and Myanmar. In 1921, the Ma family renamed Yuanxinzhai to Yuanxinchang in Kunming. They mainly traded ivory, deer antler, tiger bone, otter and cat fur, tea, cloth, silk, and dyes. They also shipped Chinese medicinal herbs like saffron, sweet flag (cangchangpu), musk, and fritillaria (beimu) to Thailand.
+
+In the 1930s, besides running their horse caravan business, the Ma family set up branches in central and southern Yunnan, Kengtung and Mong Hsat in Myanmar, and Lampang, Chiang Mai, and Bangkok in Thailand. Because they kept their word and managed their business well, the Ma family became very wealthy in southern Yunnan during the Republic of China era. During the middle and late Republic of China era, the Ma family built three large family compounds in their hometown of Great Hui Village, which still stand today.
+
+See "Heading South from Kunming (Part 2): Witness to the Yunnan Horse Caravans—The Ma Family Compound in Tonghai."
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vntrw5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c1yxu5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y01tx4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ghcmaf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sqx8m0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fd0sze.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yxyo2e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zg6l1s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/syk798.jpg)
+
+Luang Kocha Itsahak Mosque is the only mosque in Bangkok's Chinatown area. It was built at the end of the 19th century with funds donated by the Siamese royal translator, Luang Kocha Itsahak.
+
+Luang Kocha Itsahak was of mixed Malay and Chinese descent. His father came to Bangkok from Kedah, Malaysia, to do business, served under King Rama III, and married a Chinese wife. Luang Kocha Itsahak himself worked in the Siamese Department of Western Trade (Krom Tha Khwa), serving as a translator for Malay rulers visiting the Siamese court and managing trade between Siam and various Malay states.
+
+After Siam made Bangkok its capital in 1782, it granted a piece of land between the Sam Peng Mosque canal and the Sam Peng canal to the Chinese. As trade between China and Thailand grew, the Sam Peng Chinatown gradually became an import and trade district dominated by Teochew merchants. Before Don Mueang Airport was built in 1914, people wanting to travel from Bangkok to India, the Middle East, or Europe had to take a steamship from the Gonghang Pier in Chinatown to Singapore or Penang, then transfer to a cruise ship to continue west. Because of this, the Gonghang Pier was crowded with merchants from all over the world in the 19th century, and many Indian, Malay, and Yunnanese Hui Muslims worked in nearby warehouses and trading companies.
+
+Since there was no mosque in the Chinatown area, the friends (dost) working nearby had to take a ferry to a mosque on the south bank of the Chao Phraya River for their prayers, which was very inconvenient. After discussing it, everyone decided to have the highest-ranking royal translator at the time, Luang Kocha Itsahak, lead the effort to buy land near Gonghang and build a mosque.
+
+In 1892, a fire broke out in Chinatown, damaging many houses, so King Rama V decided to build a new main road, Song Wat Road, in Chinatown. Luang Kocha bought land along Songwat Road and had his children take apart the bricks and stones from a house he owned across the river in Thonburi to build this neoclassical-style mosque. Today, the Luang Kocha Mosque is still owned by his descendants and serves as a convenient place for fellow Muslims (dosti) working or visiting near Bangkok's Chinatown.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rvhyuf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i6515l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5n3dm8.jpg)
+
+**The ablution room (shuifang) was built in 1949.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a2o1ng.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yanf98.jpg)
+
+Daily prayers (namaz) are held on the first floor, with men in front and women in the back, separated by a curtain.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/16abz6.jpg)
+
+The second floor only opens for Friday prayers (Jumu'ah), and the decoration of the mihrab features a distinct Thai style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c61tvn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pndqn6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ilsvh.jpg)
+
+On Yaowarat Road in Bangkok's Chinatown stands a century-old house that was once the stage for a Muslim version of Romeo and Juliet; it is now open as a hotel and cafe.
+
+This house was first built in 1916 by a Shia merchant named Abdul Rahim who worked in Chinatown, and it was later sold to a Sunni merchant named Adam. Adam arrived in Bangkok's Chinatown by boat from India to work. He started with nothing and eventually bought this house. Since Adam had no children, after he passed away, his wife brought her brother's family to live with her, and her brother's son, Payoon, became the young master of the house.
+
+Surprisingly, Payoon fell in love with Sara, a descendant of the house's first owner, Abdul Rahim. Although they both came from wealthy Muslim families, one belonged to the Sunni sect and the other to the Shia sect, which was still not accepted by everyone a hundred years ago. This Muslim version of Romeo and Juliet had a happy ending. They married and had three sons, and the eldest son, Parpatipya, inherited the house.
+
+The house was later rented by a Chinese printing factory and a newspaper office. After renovations in 2017, it became the Baan 2459 hotel and Chata cafe.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jkxs4v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mv1db0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tcqq0f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f6buta.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xq2m6o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zot71c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3cffbq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2afxoq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o26okn.jpg)
+
+After the great fire in Bangkok's Chinatown in 1892, King Rama V built a large number of shophouses along Sampeng Lane, the oldest road in Chinatown, which later became a bustling commercial market. Besides the Chinese, Indian and Malay Muslims (dosti) also opened shops on Sampeng Lane, with many working in the jewelry trade. 130 years later, many descendants of these Muslims (dosti) still operate jewelry businesses in the shophouses on Sampeng Lane, serving as a living historical memory of Bangkok's Chinatown.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u088zi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kwcndf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g6h9iw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/schb1w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m5s4dy.jpg)
+
+This shop is marked as being from Pattani Province in southern Thailand, which is a Malay-populated area.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k1xhb3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7rs3zz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/79e8q9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g491gy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ax85tq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/84xuoi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yxufly.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i5j4x4.jpg)
+
+There are relatively few halal restaurants in the Bangkok Chinatown area. I recommend Zara Restaurant on Yaowarat Road, a family-run place serving local Thai food and various coffees. We ordered Thai red milk tea, spicy minced chicken salad (Larb Gai), green papaya salad, and stir-fried rice noodles (Pad Thai). Overall, the taste was very authentic, and the stir-fried rice noodles were especially delicious. However, Thai food is the spiciest I have ever eaten in Southeast Asia. If you are a Muslim (dosti) who cannot handle spice, be sure to say so in advance, or your mouth will feel like it is burning for a long time.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0big2q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4pc3jc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kt0tlx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rpyvlg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9rmncd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7lhf61.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/khpywp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oxchu0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lm4gzg.jpg)
+
+The second floor of the Wat Traimit mosque in Bangkok's Chinatown houses the Yaowarat Chinatown Heritage Center. It offers a very intuitive introduction to Bangkok's Chinatown. At the ticket office, just say you only want to see the exhibition and buy a 100-baht ticket. The exhibition hall introduces how the Chinese came to Bangkok to make a living and displays the atmosphere of Chinatown during the Qing Dynasty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a9db66.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rb38ok.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e0pm98.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1kbp8b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/51e96k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/egmrgo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ntn262.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j5zqa7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4b3iek.jpg)
+
+Life scenes recreated inside the Yaowarat Chinatown Heritage Center in Bangkok:
+
+Haitianlou on Shipa Road was built in 1934, and its three-story banquet hall is a key place for Chinese community gatherings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ymfylw.jpg)
+
+**Longweiye Market sells a variety of dried goods, fruits, and ready-to-eat foods.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nomc12.jpg)
+
+**The theater performs the traditional Teochew opening play, 'Six Kingdoms Conferring the Prime Minister' (Liuguo Fengxiang).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0tflv0.jpg)
+
+**Remittance houses (piguan) handle the delivery of letters and money back to the home country.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m1ei6i.jpg)
+
+**Many shops gather in the square in front of Longlian Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vkqn8m.jpg)
+
+Tea and snack shops sell crispy, sweet Chinese-style pastries, perfect for eating while drinking tea.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2je8ms.jpg)
+
+Gold and silver jewelry sold at gold shops is a major way for Chinese people to save money; they often buy gold to keep after receiving lucky money (yasuiqian) during the Lunar New Year.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xz4n2m.jpg)
+
+Several Chinese-language newspaper offices in Yaowarat post their daily papers on the wall, so people can read the 'wall news' without having to buy a copy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/33fjlf.jpg)
+
+Tianhua Hospital opened in 1905; it uses various dialects to communicate with patients and provides free medical treatment to the poor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/052vxl.jpg)
+
+**Bangkok's Chinatown in the rain.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/57ox6i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gdelaj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t1913k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ypveu3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4bgnra.jpg)
+
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Baoding___Historic_Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_Food.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Baoding___Historic_Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_Food.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..161ee52b272321761d6a1721693c7a8eb088ab6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Baoding___Historic_Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Baoding — Historic Mosques and Hui Muslim Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2212"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2212"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:42Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "fd5546fcadf5fd4b9630b67747f632ade563c0fa4cfe6d0e5cafa525a150b578"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Baoding — Historic Mosques and Hui Muslim Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Baoding — Historic Mosques and Hui Muslim Food is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: I visited Baoding, Hebei, on the morning of March 12, 2023. It was very convenient, taking just over 40 minutes by high-speed train from Beijing West Station. The account keeps its focus on Baoding Mosques, Hui Muslims, Halal Food while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+I visited Baoding, Hebei, on the morning of March 12, 2023. It was very convenient, taking just over 40 minutes by high-speed train from Beijing West Station.
+
+The Hui Muslim community in Baoding is in the southeast of the old city, commonly known as 'Dongtou.' It has three ancient mosques built during the Ming and Qing dynasties and the Republican era. Before the old city renovation, this area was full of crisscrossing streets and alleys, with many old homes of famous people tucked away inside. After the 2010 renovation, the Mosque Residential Area (Qingzhensi Xiaoqu) was built here. The layout of the mosque and its surrounding neighborhood was preserved, and the area is now very lively with halal snack shops all around.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1piixz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nqcwqe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b27ra8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vqqegu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qsrrc8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fbabhu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vxd6p3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kb0jc3.jpg)
+
+The most common snack sold around the Mosque Residential Area is braised chicken (luzhuji). I bought one from a cart inside the neighborhood run by the Ma Family Brand (Majia Laohao). The chicken weighed a little over a pound and wasn't very big. The braised flavor was good and not as salty as in some other places, so it was perfect to eat on its own.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rfhlh5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/954j7u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l67huk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3m2sw9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vqmuym.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k2729d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v1odi4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vus2o4.jpg)
+
+I had lunch at Yongshenghao on Fuxue Back Street, west of the Mosque Residential Area. The Baoding Antique Market is right next door, and it gets incredibly crowded and busy on weekends.
+
+Yongshenghao is a typical old-town shop run by a husband and wife. It is small, and by 11 a.m., it was already full of local customers. Local halal food in Baoding follows the style of traditional North China halal cuisine but has its own unique character. The most interesting dish is the shredded pork with fish-flavored sauce (yuxiang rousi). Outsiders would never think to order it just by looking at the menu, but it is actually the most popular dish people order at halal restaurants in Baoding! The beef is shredded very thinly. The sweet and sour sauce doesn't have the dark color of soy sauce, and the plate is full of meat with almost no vegetables, making it very appetizing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ohkiz4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gshkff.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/drgchm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nrp0b7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3dhauw.jpg)
+
+I also ordered the famous Baoding halal dish, beef covered flatbread (niurou zhaobing). After you order, the owner asks 'how much cover, how much bread,' which refers to how many liang of beef and how many liang of flatbread you want. The flavor of the covered flatbread comes mainly from the aged broth used to stew the meat. Every shop uses different meat ingredients, which are considered their secret recipes. The flatbread (laobing) soaked ladle by ladle in the aged broth is very fragrant and rich. Besides the meat and bread combinations, there is also 'shovel cover' (chanzhao), which is just the flatbread and green onions soaked in the aged broth. It is very affordable.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0ybsvp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jyx5oq.jpg)
+
+**Another covered flatbread shop.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2k3sbp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d6la9r.jpg)
+
+Stewed skin (taopi) is also a special halal delicacy in Baoding. The pot of stewing meat bubbles away, and you can use it to blanch vegetables or soak flatbread.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lzkyfa.jpg)
+
+The Baoding West Mosque was first built in 1616 (the 44th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty). According to the stone tablet in the mosque, a man named Fa from Hanji Village in Fangshan served as a military official in Baoding during the Wanli period. He saw there was no mosque in the city, and fellow Muslims had to go elsewhere for Eid prayers, so he bought 12 mu of land at the Wei Family Garden. Besides building the mosque, he allowed fellow Muslims to build houses on the surrounding land, which officially formed the mosque-centered neighborhood layout in Baoding. The West Mosque was renovated many times after the Qing Dynasty. The bathing room was rebuilt in 1906 (the 23rd year of the Guangxu reign), and the north and south lecture halls were rebuilt during the Republican era, forming the current layout.
+
+The main hall is divided into front and back sections. The kiln-style roof has an octagonal pavilion over 7 meters high, with a couplet that reads 'The Lord is formless, the heart can understand; leave room for retreat in affairs, the character is truly high,' and a horizontal plaque reading 'Mecca in Sight.' The roof ridges originally had animal statues, but during the Republican era, Bai Yunzhang, the owner of the famous Baoding halal shop Bai Yunzhang Steamed Bun Shop, paid to have them all replaced with flower and plant designs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/68rb40.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hijl3t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6khzuc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v5nv1r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ycz01a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9jxxx8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c9b7p6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u6xopz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vyex22.jpg)
+
+**Components replaced during the renovation.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dkqbgd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oeuqn9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2fg6k3.jpg)
+
+After 1966, the mosque was damaged. The main hall became a club, the lecture hall became a street factory, and the bathing room became a carpentry workshop. It was reclaimed in 1979 and renovated again in 1987.
+
+As a famous mosque in North China, the Baoding West Mosque had a thriving religious life and trained many imams, including Xie Jinqing, Yang Yuzhen, An Shiwei, and Yang Yongchang. The mosque also once had a training ground that produced many famous wrestling masters and martial arts teachers.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y3z3uk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gxm9ju.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x4un5a.jpg)
+
+During the Tongzhi reign, because the number of worshippers at the West Mosque increased and the main hall became too small, local residents Shi Xie and his son Shi Jun built a scripture room east of the West Mosque. A few years later, it was officially completed as the Baoding East Mosque under the leadership of the famous Imam Yan Mingpu. The East Mosque was renovated many times later. During the Guangxu reign, Imam Zhang Ziwen and Mr. Shi Tongshan led the construction of the south lecture hall and bathing room. During the Xuantong reign, Imam Xie Jinqing led the construction of the north lecture hall, and Shi Changchun and Shi Tongshan led a comprehensive renovation. In 1936, Imam Yang Baozhai led another renovation.
+
+Although the East Mosque is not large, many famous imams like Wang Gui, Li Ba, Zhang Li, and Bai Da taught there and trained many excellent students.
+
+After 1958, the East Mosque was occupied by a blueprint paper factory. In 1979, the property rights were returned to the West Mosque, and it is currently a warehouse for the Xinyue Halal Food Factory.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q5244a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ehzdjp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/by62my.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f5rs33.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lam2hp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5przrh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zz208f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3nu2dz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kmrrp4.jpg)
+
+The Baoding Women's Mosque was founded in 1916 by Imam Yan Fengshan of the East Mosque in the alley north of the mosque, and the prayer leader was Jin Shiniang from Shandong. In 1932, the mosque hired Imam Sha Zhijun from Jilin to start a primary school for Muslim girls, but it closed in 1937 after the Japanese occupation. In 1940, Imam Sha and Mrs. Shi traveled to Beijing, Tianjin, and Jinan to raise money. With extra funds from local elders, they bought a house from Bai Yunzhang, the owner of the famous Baoding halal steamed bun shop (Bai Yunzhang baozi), to build the current women's mosque.
+
+The women's mosque was taken over after 1958. In the 1970s, digging an air-raid shelter under the main prayer hall caused structural damage. The building was returned in 1982, but the walls slowly cracked. During the 2015 urban renewal project, a new building was added to the north side, and the old main hall is now used as a storage room.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zuebrp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/chcbd8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r0i63z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/chsudo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/65roh7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kx1rli.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m5kbzy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qmenrh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0b9gxx.jpg)
+
+Before leaving, I bought chestnut pastries (banli su) and strawberry milk at Zhili Pastry Shop (Zhili Su Yuan) on Yonghua South Street. They sell both traditional and modern pastries. The kitchen is clean and tidy, and you can tell they put a lot of care into their work. I especially liked the chestnut pastries. They are not too sweet and have a strong chestnut flavor. I only bought one box at first, but after eating one piece at the door, I quickly went back inside to buy another.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/os4wwl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wa3kgd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ihd2ck.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bgjryi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q8lbrh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tjy2si.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/urm9pg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ecwypd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7rxa9r.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Baotou__Inner_Mongolia___Five_Historic_Mosque_Communities.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Baotou__Inner_Mongolia___Five_Historic_Mosque_Communities.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a127539a59a17ec2e15ce661738e70da4030f12d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Baotou__Inner_Mongolia___Five_Historic_Mosque_Communities.md
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Baotou, Inner Mongolia - Five Historic Mosque Communities"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2568"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2568"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:54Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "7e0c523c557b85c58bd75ddcaebbf424e7ebd70139a3e3ba1576af6970f3f8cf"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Baotou, Inner Mongolia - Five Historic Mosque Communities
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Baotou in Inner Mongolia had five historic mosque communities from the Qing Dynasty and Republic of China era, tied to Hui Muslim trade, migration, and local settlement. This article records mosque origins, family histories, rebuilding dates, preserved tablets, and the religious geography of old Baotou.
+
+Salachi Town in Tumed Right Banner, Inner Mongolia, sits between Hohhot and Baotou. It grew prosperous after the Salachi Assistant Magistrate's Office was set up in 1739 (the fourth year of the Qianlong reign), becoming a key trading hub on the merchant route to Mongolia. In the early Qianlong years, 23 families of Hui Muslims from Shandong and Hebei moved to Salachi from Shandai Town. These families, including the Ma, Bai, Yang, and Wei clans, mostly worked in the livestock trade. In 1747 (the twelfth year of the Qianlong reign), they pooled their money to build the Salachi Mosque (Salachi Si) in the Nanyingzi area of the town.
+
+In 1760 (the twenty-fifth year of the Qianlong reign), Salachi was upgraded to an Assistant Magistrate's Office. It handled affairs between Mongol and Han people in the Urat Three Banners, the Ordos Left Wing Middle Banner (Junwang Banner), and the Ordos Left Wing Rear Banner (Dalad Banner). After this, the number of Hui Muslims moving to Salachi Town kept growing. By around the fortieth year of the Qianlong reign, the Hui Muslim population in Salachi had grown to over 100 families and more than 400 people. In 1782 (the forty-seventh year of the Qianlong reign), the local community expanded the main hall of the Salachi Mosque to 15 rooms. The door plaque inside the mosque still bears the date of the forty-seventh year of the Qianlong reign, serving as proof of the expansion.
+
+In 1947, the south side room of the main hall suddenly collapsed. The community elders hired Wu Youlong, one of the only two college students among the Baotou Hui Muslims at the time, who had graduated from the Civil Engineering Department of Peiyang Institute of Technology, to rebuild the hall. When designing the hall, Wu Youlong boldly placed a millstone and a roller under each pillar. This design helped keep the pillars dry and improved the lighting inside. The rebuilt main hall took on its current form and is now a cultural heritage site protected by Baotou City.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7akb9v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6bb1ld.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x66lwo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ylp6eb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y1szw7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d33215.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/orl876.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m3xcks.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fil9zk.jpg)
+
+The Great Mosque of Baotou (Baotou Dasi) is located in the Donghe District of the old city of Baotou. First built in 1743 (the eighth year of the Qianlong reign), it is the most important religious building in the western Tumed Plain and is now a protected cultural heritage site of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
+
+In 1697 (the thirty-sixth year of the Kangxi reign), after Emperor Kangxi defeated Galdan, migrants from inland China began pouring into the Tumed Plain of Inner Mongolia, moving westward along the route from Hohhot to Chasugi and then to Salachi. In the early Qianlong years, Wang Xiu, a Hui Muslim from Cangzhou, Hebei, and Bai Sanmu, a Hui Muslim from Wuding, Shandong (near present-day Binzhou and Dezhou), arrived at Baotou Village west of Salachi, becoming the first Hui Muslims in Baotou.
+
+According to family records, the Wang family's ancestral home was Erdaogang Wailiushu Village in Nanjing. Their distant ancestor was a military student (wulinsheng) during the Ming Dynasty and later served as a military officer. In 1421 (the nineteenth year of the Yongle reign), the Ming Dynasty officially moved its capital to Beijing. The Wang family was ordered to escort the emperor north and was later granted land in Cangzhou. During the Ming Yongle period, the Wang family moved to their granted land at Wangjia Sheqiao and gave up their official posts to become farmers. In the early Qianlong years, the Wang family fell on hard times. After a drought in Cangzhou, Wang Xiu carried his goods on a shoulder pole and traveled a long distance with his wife and children to Zhaowan in Inner Mongolia. Wang Xiu first made a living selling mountain goods and sewing supplies door-to-door. Later, he received a piece of pasture land from a lama, bought livestock, and started working in animal husbandry. Wang Xiu gradually became well-off by trading livestock between Inner Mongolia, Shandong, and Hebei.
+
+In the early Qianlong years, Baotou Village, west of Salachi, began to take shape, and shops and businesses opened one after another. Wang Xiu rented a hillside from a Mongol person north of Baotou Village to build a house, and people called him the Wang of the High Slope (Gaopo Wangjia). After that, more Hui Muslims with the surnames Bai, Ma, Yang, and Zhou moved into Baotou. In 1743 (the eighth year of the Qianlong reign), the Wang and Bai families organized other Hui Muslim families to build the first Great Mosque of Baotou.
+
+The original Great Mosque of Baotou was a five-room earth-and-wood hall. It once had a plaque inscribed with the words "Pure and Clean" (Qingjing) dated to the eighth year of the Qianlong reign, but it was unfortunately lost later. The first imam (ahong) was surnamed Fu and was hired from Hebei.
+
+In 1809 (the fourteenth year of the Jiaqing reign), Baotou Village was renamed Baotou Town and gradually developed into a major commercial hub. Wang Daxing, the grandson of Wang Xiuzhi, opened the Sanhe Horse Inn (Sanhe Madian) in Baotou and ran a successful long-distance horse trading business. By 1833 (the 13th year of the Daoguang reign), the Hui Muslim population in Baotou had grown to over 100 households, totaling six or seven hundred people. Wang Daxing and Bai Kede, the grandson of Bai Sanmu, led the effort to rebuild the original earth-and-wood main hall into a brick-and-tile structure. They also inscribed plaques reading "Unique" (Duyi Wu'er), "Ancient Autumn" (Guqiu), and "Quiet One" (Jingyi). Only the "Ancient Autumn" (Guqiu) plaque remains today, signed by the community leaders (tou) Wang Daxing and Bai Kede.
+
+In 1913, community elders from the Ma, Wang, Chen, Ding, and Bai families hired a carpenter named Guo San suo, known as the "Living Lu Ban," to expand the main hall. He moved the porch (juanpeng) forward and added a section to the back, giving the Baotou Great Mosque its current layout. The mosque houses a plaque inscribed with "Promoting the True Religion" (Xianyang Zhengjiao), gifted by Lieutenant General Ma Fuxiang in the second year of the Republic of China.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gm4ydb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6hwstq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g44e3r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yrpurz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u0e3m5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ci15d9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wiblgp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/adr11s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nq9o5c.jpg)
+
+The main hall of the Baotou Great Mosque features a prayer niche (mihrab) and a pulpit (minbar) decorated with traditional Chinese-style Arabic calligraphy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/078qe2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5g9gxs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b9fxgl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tw89p2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rc5qjz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fpeulp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hqmfsv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6sgkdf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qpmo65.jpg)
+
+The qibla wall of the Baotou Great Mosque is decorated with 32 pieces of traditional Chinese-style large-character Arabic calligraphy, which is very impressive.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kisoos.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kzg4ft.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1nusi9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vspazs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/71g2ua.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pkbw1q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ymcuay.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lxbi2l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s9ounf.jpg)
+
+The architectural details of the Baotou Great Mosque, including the brick carvings and wood carvings, are all very exquisite.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/02m4kt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/um0m5p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dvyoox.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fw8cgr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9gh128.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v666r5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5yz0m4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vicude.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/au1qj6.jpg)
+
+The swastika (wanzi) and taiji brick carvings in the main hall of the Baotou Great Mosque show the influence of different cultures.
+
+During the late Qing Dynasty, under the intellectual trend of interpreting Islam through Confucianism, scholars like Liu Zhi introduced concepts like "taiji" and "yin-yang" into the faith. The book "The Nature and Principle of Islam" (Tianfang Xingli) contains the record: "Movement creates yang, stillness creates yin; this is the manifestation of taiji, which is the manifestation of the True One."
+
+The swastika (wanzi) is a traditional Chinese auspicious pattern. The swastika represents good fortune, and the "never-ending" (budao tou) design represents continuity. It frequently appears in architectural brick, stone, and wood carvings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y9p9my.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rjhg9s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/scafq8.jpg)
+
+The Baotou Small Mosque, also known as the Baotou North Mosque or the Wayao Ditch Mosque (Wayao Gou Si), was first built in 1908 (the 34th year of the Guangxu reign). The main hall was rebuilt in 1918, and it is currently a Baotou municipal cultural heritage site. The Baotou Small Mosque is built on a very steep slope against a cliff. The main hall sits much higher than the ablution room (shuifang), which is a very unique feature.
+
+In the late Qing Dynasty, the Hui Muslim population in Baotou grew steadily, expanding from the Beiliang area of the old city from east to west. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the eight streets and alleys near Wayao Ditch had become a Hui Muslim residential area, home to horse inns, flour shops, oil mills, and dozens of cattle, sheep, and camel slaughterhouses. The slaughterhouses also operated as kitchens, meat shops, and livestock pens.
+
+Because traveling between Wayao Ditch and the Baotou Great Mosque required crossing ditches and ridges, it was very inconvenient. In the final years of the Guangxu reign, Hui Muslim families including the Chens, Mas, Dings, Yangs, and Wangs proposed digging a well in Wayao Ditch and building a bathhouse called the "West Water Hall" (Xishui Tang). In 1908 (the 34th year of the Guangxu reign), they bought a flat piece of land on the hillside of the West Water Hall and built the first Baotou Small Mosque.
+
+In 1918, the elders of the Small Mosque raised funds to build a five-room main hall with a porch (juanpeng) against the home of elder Xing Fa. In the 1920s, elder Xing Fa donated the empty land at the north end of the main hall to build north and south rooms and a north wing, making the Small Mosque a complete courtyard.
+
+After it was built, the Baotou Small Mosque was long under the jurisdiction of the Great Mosque. The imam was selected monthly by the students (hailifan) of the Great Mosque, and the two Eid festivals (Duerde) and the Prophet's Birthday (Shengji) were all held at the Great Mosque. The Small Mosque was closed in 1958 due to the merger of mosques and reopened in 1990.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bdarvd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/81771r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/484c19.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f7hn1q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7w1797.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1h1hpm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4zp00r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jlwuz1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oejvq9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ln95g6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zmgl9r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vj7gfm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ov4f45.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r88ec6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ong1f4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6c1d2w.jpg)
+
+The Baotou Zhiluyu Mosque, also known as the Yushu Ditch Mosque (Yushu Gou Si) or the West Mosque, was first built with funds raised by "Eastern Route Hui Muslims" who came from Zhili (Hebei), Shandong, and Henan, hence its name. At the mosque entrance, there is a shop selling clear tea and beef steamed dumplings (shaomai), and another selling fried dough cakes (youbing) with vermicelli soup and buckwheat noodles. These are great for breakfast.
+
+During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China era, Baotou became a major hub for trading furs. Many Hui Muslims from Hebei came to Baotou to sell furs and livestock. Others came to work in leather tanning, soap making, or to run small stalls. By the early years of the Republic, there were over a hundred such households. In 1922, Hui Muslim families named Hai, Ma, Ge, Yang, and Wang from Hebei, Henan, and Shandong rented a house at the east end of Fuchengyuan Lane in Baotou and built the first Zhiluyu Mosque. In the autumn of 1923, Ma Jincai, Ge Taizhong, and Yang Minglu traveled to Gansu and Ningxia to collect donations (nietie). After returning, they bought a former ox-cart shop in Yushugou and officially established the Zhiluyu Mosque. In 1925, Jiang Tingshan from Linxia, Gansu, bought seventeen fur rafts at the Yellow River ferry in Baotou. He used the wood to rebuild the main hall of the Zhiluyu Mosque and renamed it the Shanganzhiluyu Mosque. The Shanganzhiluyu Mosque closed in 1966, reopened in 1982, and was renamed Yushugou Mosque. It was rebuilt into its current structure in 2008.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8j0v7u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t7vl6w.jpg)
+
+The Ganqingning Mosque in Baotou, also known as the Shengli Road Mosque or the Middle Mosque, was built in 1943 on Minsheng Street by He Huaizhong and He Huaicheng, Hui Muslims from Ningxia living in Baotou. In the summer of 1949, Li Fengzao, a Hui Muslim from Ningxia, donated a small building on Zhongshan Road. The upper floor served as the main hall, and they hired Imam Wang Zhen from the Longshengzhuang Mosque in Inner Mongolia as the first head of the mosque. In the winter of 1949, Li Fengzao donated a rented courtyard that had been the Yidecheng cold goods shop on Shengli Road. After clearing and renovating it, it was named the Ganqingning Mosque. The imams were mostly hired from Tongxin and Lingwu in Ningxia.
+
+In 1958, the Ganqingning Mosque merged with the Baotou Small Mosque. The original site on Shengli Road was later occupied by a noodle workshop of a food factory and then a printing factory. It reopened in 1984, and the main hall was rebuilt in 1987.
+
+A traditional house with a pitched roof stands at the entrance of the Shengli Road Mosque. It is now a workshop for the Huixiang Food Shop, though its original purpose is unknown.
+
+There is a lot of good food near the Shengli Road Mosque, which I will introduce specifically later.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bh32wv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lqm5b3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kpvx83.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f03z0t.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Baotou___Hui_Muslim_Food__Mosques_and_Local_Snacks.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Baotou___Hui_Muslim_Food__Mosques_and_Local_Snacks.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..14013db2f5adbf9909cd21c826dbba1b593617a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Baotou___Hui_Muslim_Food__Mosques_and_Local_Snacks.md
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Baotou - Hui Muslim Food, Mosques and Local Snacks"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2591"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2591"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:04Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "d5a46d5a1b1ac6138ccd8c9e69a4179a3d020574027cb3692d5199f7de0822a7"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Baotou - Hui Muslim Food, Mosques and Local Snacks
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Baotou has a lively Hui Muslim food scene around its mosques, with breakfast stalls, milk tea, shaomai, lamb racks, fried cakes, and old-style local dishes. This travel account follows the food streets near Shengli Road and Wayao Gou Mosque while keeping the original restaurant names, dishes, and street details.
+
+There is a row of Hui Muslim food stalls outside the mosque on Shengli Road in Baotou (Gansu-Qinghai-Ningxia style), and it is very lively in the morning. We first ate steamed dumplings (shaomai) with clear tea at Yipinge. They only sell beef and lamb shaomai, served six to a portion, with four free side dishes and brick tea. The place was full of local uncles and aunties. Their shaomai wrappers are truly as thin as paper. It is the best Inner Mongolian shaomai I have ever had!
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qc3qad.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rtd577.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rmju1u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qdxyqa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jua8oe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ny59pw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/34kypm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u221sp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/evil8i.jpg)
+
+The most popular breakfast spot outside the Shengli Road mosque is Lao Da Soy Milk. They specialize in soy milk and deep-fried dough sticks (youtiao), along with Baotou-style starch noodle soup (fentang). The dough sticks come in two sizes, and everyone loves them fresh from the fryer. The starch noodle soup is made with starch noodles and dried tofu, and the noodles have a great texture.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l0qcb8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h68k8l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/erpzda.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9wv28u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qbq5ey.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e918hc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cg2o4v.jpg)
+
+Besides shaomai and starch noodle soup, baked flatbread with fillings (beizi jiacai) is another common breakfast for people in Baotou. Many people buy from Lao Niu Beizi near the Shengli Road mosque. to the flatbread with fillings or eggs, many people also buy ox tongue pastries, brown sugar crispy triangles, spiral flatbreads (youxuan), and thick griddle cakes (guokui).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/okm0e9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wnbyi6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/39rtg2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pmrqrn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/west79.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w1zy6c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3zoiei.jpg)
+
+There is a shop called Huixiang Food outside the Shengli Road mosque. It is a famous Hui Muslim pastry shop in Baotou, and everyone comes here to buy treats during the holidays. Beyond the traditional pastries on display, their cheese cakes, yogurt mooncakes, and milk skin mooncakes are worth trying. The yogurt mooncakes have a very rich milky flavor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ngbjl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/he77re.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6k07gx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gr9umi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xscokq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ptsutb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yy8hjl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mr85pc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nv036c.jpg)
+
+The most popular Hui Muslim restaurant in Baotou right now is Ma Shoujiang. They have opened several branches, and we went to the Jiuyuan branch. It was still crowded even after eight o'clock. The owner, Zhou Xuezhu, is a Hui Muslim from Ningxia. He opened the restaurant in 2018, naming it after Ma Shoujiang, a famous Hui Muslim chef from Baotou during the Republic of China era. It focuses on traditional Baotou flavors and is very popular.
+
+We ordered milk tea (guocha), hot-water dough fried cakes (tangmian youxiang), chive pockets (jiucai hezi), and a beef mixed stew (niurou shijinhui). Everything was delicious and the portions were huge. The milk tea pot was very deep, and the milk flavor was incredibly fragrant. You cannot find milk this rich and mellow in Beijing. The chive pockets were crispy and fragrant, making them very appetizing. The mixed stew contains beef, fried tofu, meatballs, chicken, corn, and wood ear mushrooms. It is stewed until very tender, perfect for cold weather. I really liked the fried tofu; it had a wonderful bean aroma.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vzeaku.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2vdmch.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7iltxi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tpijjp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vno09t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a93uzp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i3wcef.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n9oz68.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a0vapo.jpg)
+
+Wayao Gou Road, in front of the Wayao Gou Mosque in Baotou, is also a street for Hui Muslim food. Both sides of the street are lined with Hui Muslim restaurants, specializing in snacks like starch noodle soup, shaomai, buckwheat noodles, lamb racks, fried cakes (zha gao), pan-fried buns (youjian bao), and meat pies.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d2rjis.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3rc8h5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/df6coy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yhyafi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n247f1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m5eb8u.jpg)
+
+After leaving the Baotou Northern Weapons City, we went to a nearby shop called Master Ma's Lamb Rack. For two adults, a small pot is enough, and it comes with a side dish and a staple food. Clear-broth lamb racks are rare in Beijing. You can really taste the freshness of the lamb only when you eat it at the source. Gnawing on the delicious lamb bones is really satisfying; I couldn't stop.
+
+At their place, we also drank a beverage made from Shanxi-style crabapple fruit (haihongguo). I wonder if anyone else has tried it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bowkhd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n4y5ld.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fl3xj9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9jppob.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ybtbte.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7tm6d0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0aetjt.jpg)
+
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing_Balizhuang_Mosque___Ramadan_and_Community_Life.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing_Balizhuang_Mosque___Ramadan_and_Community_Life.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..898faf9371250fc6f4f396a0be450cb578ae5219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing_Balizhuang_Mosque___Ramadan_and_Community_Life.md
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Beijing Balizhuang Mosque — Ramadan and Community Life"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2219"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2219"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:56Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "6b5a371b81da6bd958dfa584a513657a9b19e6f18972318d35869f321c1f584f"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Beijing Balizhuang Mosque — Ramadan and Community Life
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Balizhuang Mosque — Ramadan and Community Life is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: In 2023, I made the intention to break my fast at several different mosques in Beijing during Ramadan to experience the atmosphere. The account keeps its focus on Balizhuang Mosque, Beijing Ramadan, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+In 2023, I made the intention to break my fast at several different mosques in Beijing during Ramadan to experience the atmosphere. The Balizhuang Mosque, located along Subway Line 6, was the sixth one I visited. As soon as I entered, I felt a wonderful atmosphere. The imam and the elders were very warm and cheerful, creating a harmonious and cozy environment that truly made passing dosts (friends) feel at home. Because of this, I spent the last few days of Ramadan breaking my fast at Balizhuang Mosque, where I experienced the Night of Power (Laylat al-Qadr) and Eid al-Fitr. I am very grateful that some dosts came to the mosque to break their fast after seeing the photos I posted. May we meet again at Balizhuang Mosque next Ramadan to enjoy this blessing together.
+
+**April 11**
+
+On my first day at Balizhuang Mosque, I tasted the deep-fried fresh milk, fermented bean curd (madoufu), braised chicken wing tips, and stewed kelp strips with fried tofu puffs (doupo) made by the elders. I am so grateful!
+
+Balizhuang got its name because it is eight li away from Chaoyang Gate. Between the reigns of the Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors, Hui Muslims with the surnames Jing, Li, and Jin lived along the stone road outside Chaoyang Gate. They grew vegetables to supply the capital, gradually forming the Balizhuang area outside the gate. Balizhuang Mosque was first built in the early years of the Qianlong reign. During its peak in the Qing Dynasty, the mosque owned thirteen mu of land. It was rebuilt between 1997 and 2000, reaching its current size.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pmgam4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/igsiwv.jpg)
+
+Master Li, the third person from the left, is very skilled and can make all kinds of snacks.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2hvca0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nlntkk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k34wgy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n8io2k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lznvdj.jpg)
+
+On the left are Imam Ding and Imam Ma from Balizhuang Mosque, and on the right is the nearly ninety-year-old Elder Imam Yang.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8i80fe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yv7l7n.jpg)
+
+In the evening, I bought walnut naan, rose naan, and spicy skin naan at the Asimu Naan Shop in the Balizhuang Life Plaza next to the mosque. I ate the walnut naan for my pre-dawn meal (suhoor); it wasn't dry, hard, or choking, and it tasted great on its own!
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xh3lqu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8gj9f0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/isswas.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bryvw0.jpg)
+
+**April 13**
+
+Today I tasted the donkey rolls (lvdagun), fermented bean curd (madoufu), braised meat strips (songrou), sweet yam rolls (tangjuanguo), and savory yam rolls (xianjuanguo) made by the elders. I listened to the elders talk about how to make braised meat strips, which was very educational. It turns out you need to add fried flour crisps (gezhi) to the meat filling, and it is best to use mung bean starch for the batter, which you can buy from Baoji at Niujie.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ztnv2j.jpg)
+
+**Donkey rolls (lvdagun)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vaqsqj.jpg)
+
+**Savory yam rolls (xianjuanguo)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/30nqec.jpg)
+
+**Sweet yam rolls (tangjuanguo)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fntvlg.jpg)
+
+**Braised meat strips (songrou)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dowsrb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oijw64.jpg)
+
+I took a picture of the Erdao River in Balizhuang on the way. During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Hui Muslim households in Balizhuang drew water from the Erdao River for irrigation. The village was lush with green vegetables, bean trellises, and melon vines heavy with fruit.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qlg9sl.jpg)
+
+I bought meat naan at the Asimu Naan Shop in Balizhuang Life Plaza and learned this time that they are from Kashgar. The landlady knew we were fasting, so she gave us a bag of naan as charity (niatie). I am very grateful. These naan slices, which are baked and then fried, are great as snacks. They come in both spicy and non-spicy versions.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lofso8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jxmv4y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xoo0nh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vlpo5p.jpg)
+
+**April 14**
+
+It is a blessed Friday (Jumuah). During the sermon (wa'z), I heard the imam talk about the nobility of the Night of Power (Laylat al-Qadr). Today is the fourth Friday of Ramadan, which is sometimes called Jumuat-ul-Wida, meaning the Farewell Friday. In South Asia and some other places, Muslims spend this day reciting the Quran, performing good deeds, giving charity (niatie), helping the poor, and hosting meals for family, relatives, and neighbors.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/glle58.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/250g4l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wmi5rv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pg8kfi.jpg)
+
+In the evening, I tasted fried rice and fried steamed bun slices. There were two kinds: those coated in egg and those that were not. The ones with egg were softer, which is better for the older elders to eat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s1lhpr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s8241z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yn3zoo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i2gms6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wwkn9u.jpg)
+
+**April 15**
+
+Today I ate fish head with flatbread (paobing) made by the elders. The fish came from Miyun Reservoir and the flatbread was freshly griddled. It was delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/smr154.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i10na1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m6znnj.jpg)
+
+Two elders gave out sesame flatbread (shaobing) and meat-filled flatbread (huoshao jiarou). These are perfect for eating during the fast.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ub71p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pdio91.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2n6ytp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lrckqh.jpg)
+
+**April 17, Night of Power (Laylat al-Qadr).**
+
+Celebrating the Night of Power, everyone gathered at Balizhuang Mosque to perform worship on this noble night. May the rewards be many.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bbfpp0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8h979o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s1nwr3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ak1o4q.jpg)
+
+Tonight is the busiest night of Ramadan. The elders made various Beijing snacks like sugar-filled rolls (tangjuanguo), savory rolls (xianjuanguo), pea flour cakes (wandouhuang), rolled soybean flour cakes (lvdagun), and sticky rice cakes (niangao). There were also fruits like cherries, strawberries, apples, papayas, and bananas, plus pastries like date cakes and fried flour crisps (sachima). It was such a feast!
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8lvnbo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7dhilu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n2bd5o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jqz5e6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9zhtv1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/43n6a0.jpg)
+
+For dinner, we had lamb dumplings (shaomai), stir-fried shrimp, and mashed mung bean curd (ma doufu). All four tables were full. It was lively and blessed. An 85-year-old elder had the intention to make lotus seed porridge for everyone. I am so grateful! After breaking my fast at Balizhuang Mosque for these past few days, I feel like I have joined this big family. I feel the warmth of home every day.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z5vlbp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kb1j2x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d39jmz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6n9jhn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dmpa9d.jpg)
+
+**April 19.**
+
+Today the elders made a traditional Beijing halal snack together: fried meat-filled flatbread (zha rou huoshao). They used a filling of lamb and green onions with yellow soybean paste (huangjiang). The smell of the meat when fried was amazing. The texture of the scalded dough was unique, a bit like fried dough cakes (zha gaogao), but instead of sugar and fruit, these were filled with meat. Fried meat-filled flatbread and fried meat pockets (zha huitou) were classic Ramadan snacks for Hui Muslims in old Beijing, but they are rare now. I am very grateful to have eaten them at Balizhuang Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sr0cjp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sgridy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8wfqj0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/acj22j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ndhiml.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qu4np0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8wlb6m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/36i82n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0osnqu.jpg)
+
+For dinner, we had traditional stir-fried dishes: braised beef tongue (pa koutiao) and braised beef brisket (pa xiongkou). They were perfect with rice, and I kept shoveling the fried rice into my mouth.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/th48d8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pzot58.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/td61gg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rzcih6.jpg)
+
+**April 20.**
+
+Today the elders made steamed buns (baozi) and stewed beef with fried tofu. The mosque prepared various fried dough crisps (paicha) to go with the meat porridge for Eid.
+
+Three international students from the University of International Business and Economics visited in the evening. They were from Uzbekistan, Jordan, and Russia. The girl from Russia is not a Muslim. She visited Balizhuang Mosque with her classmates, which I think was very meaningful. I hope everyone has an open and inclusive mindset. We welcome friends interested in our faith to come into the mosque to learn and experience it.
+
+I taught them how to say Eid al-Fitr in Chinese, but I couldn't think of how to translate meat porridge at the time, which was a pity.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6om796.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/98oe36.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g3xu1p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wnxytt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ddpz51.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/smq02z.jpg)
+
+**April 21.**
+
+Today is the 30th day of Ramadan, and the fast-breaking meal at Balizhuang Mosque was the most abundant. The steamed flower rolls (huajuan) made by the elders went so well with the stewed beef with kelp and chicken wings. It was so fragrant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wpkxul.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yxyrus.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q74ah0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y6zvqu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/20lzea.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iykqk5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eckn7m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pk5c66.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tc47x0.jpg)
+
+The mosque stewed a big pot of beef to prepare for the meat porridge for the next day's Eid. After long hours of stewing, the bone marrow from the beef bones melted into the broth, making the porridge extra flavorful.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/udzh5l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qlkubd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7jwb4f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z7kr4q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y44lhl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2daevz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9noyua.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f7yez5.jpg)
+
+**April 22, Eid al-Fitr.**
+
+Eid Mubarak. I am very grateful to have volunteered for the Eid celebration at Balizhuang Mosque. The mosque served meat porridge with fried dough crisps, plus fried dough cakes (youxiang) and pickles. All the friends (dost) loved it. Special holiday food is not just a cultural tradition; it deepens memories of the holiday and attracts more people to the mosque. I think it is very meaningful.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u0hwsj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n8i27n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/efoku2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ix7oty.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sne6xu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k9nywt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e485xb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4bg8sm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6biw48.jpg)
+
+This was the first Eid held at Balizhuang Mosque since it was renovated and reopened. Everyone was very excited. Finally, here are some snapshots of Eid: the director's speech, the imam reciting scripture, inviting the imam, the elders praising the Prophet, and handing out fried dough cakes (youxiang).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4jrhts.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ifa6as.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l51594.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ocaqr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q4tawa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r76ofs.jpg)
+
+**May you all be rewarded (thawab).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mmasbe.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing_Changying___Hui_Muslim_Community__Mosques_and_Food.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing_Changying___Hui_Muslim_Community__Mosques_and_Food.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ab23c152bf4e827566a29034f9720ce7cb37571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing_Changying___Hui_Muslim_Community__Mosques_and_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Beijing Changying — Hui Muslim Community, Mosques and Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2187"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2187"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:52Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "a5278fcfc43e1da4d2bea710a8c0cae8165dedd628943b43d1219cc375b28155"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Beijing Changying — Hui Muslim Community, Mosques and Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Changying — Hui Muslim Community, Mosques and Food is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Changying is also called Changying. It sits on the north side of the Chaoyangmen official road between Beijing and Tongzhou, 13 kilometers from Beijing's Chaoyangmen and 5 kilometers from Tongzhou's West Gate. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Changying, Hui Muslims, Halal Food while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+Changying is also called Changying. It sits on the north side of the Chaoyangmen official road between Beijing and Tongzhou, 13 kilometers from Beijing's Chaoyangmen and 5 kilometers from Tongzhou's West Gate. Legend says that Chang Yuchun, a famous founding general of the Ming Dynasty, once stationed a troop of Hui Muslims near Tongzhou, and this camp was named Changjiayingzi.
+
+The Jiajing Tongzhou Gazetteer (Jiajing Tongzhou Zhilue Guanji Zhi) records that Chang Yuchun visited Tongzhou twice. The first time was in 1368 (the first year of the Hongwu reign), when Chang Yuchun served as deputy general under General Xu Da during the Northern Expedition and captured Tongzhou. The following year, the Yuan army attacked Tongzhou, and Chang Yuchun led his troops back to rescue the city. He held Tongzhou, and the local people have deep feelings for him.
+
+However, current historical records only mention Chang Yuchun stationing troops outside Tongzhou in the early Hongwu years (1368-1369). According to a stele rebuilt during the Jiaqing reign, the Changying mosque was built 150 years later during the Zhengde period (1505-1521). It is hard to imagine a Hui Muslim community going that long without a mosque. Therefore, the origin of Changying is still debated. It is possible that the Hui Muslim village formed during the Zhengde period and the legend of Chang Yuchun was added later, or perhaps there was already a mosque in Changying during the Hongwu years, but historical records have not yet been found.
+
+Because the upper reaches of the Tonghui River, which led from Tongzhou to Beijing, lacked enough water and often silted up, most grain barges on the Grand Canal reached Tongzhou and then had to switch to land. They unloaded the cargo onto carts and traveled directly to Chaoyangmen, which created the official road outside Chaoyangmen. At the end of the Qianlong reign, Park Ji-won, an envoy from Korea, wrote in his Jehol Diary that the Chaoyangmen official road was packed: 'Once inside the east gate (of Tongzhou), until the five-mile mark to the west gate, there were tens of thousands of wheelbarrows, filling the road with no room to turn... From Tongzhou to the imperial city, a distance of 40 li, the road was paved with stone. The iron wheels clattered, and the sound of the carts was so loud it made one's heart and mind restless.'
+
+Changying is located not far from the north side of the Chaoyangmen official road. The Beijing Chaoyang District Gazetteer records a rhyme about Changying from the Republican era: 'Three treasures of the Changying Hui Muslims: pushing wheelbarrows, selling hay, and pulling rickshaws.' Pushing wheelbarrows meant moving grain from the Tongzhou earth dam to the Thirteen Granaries (Shisancang) inside and outside Chaoyangmen, while pulling rickshaws meant transporting passengers on the Chaoyangmen official road. Both jobs were directly related to the canal transport system.
+
+The 1941 Tong County Gazetteer records that Changying had 500 Hui Muslim households at the time, making it the second-largest Hui Muslim settlement in Tong County after the county seat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4j0pky.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w91lcw.jpg)
+
+In the 1935 General Map of the Old Capital's Suburbs, the black dot northwest of Tongzhou is Changying.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/legmsk.jpg)
+
+On the 1928 Shunzhi Topographic Map, you can see a road labeled 'Beijing to Tong County Main Road' passing through Changying.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o8f3gs.jpg)
+
+The Changying mosque was built during the Ming Zhengde period (1505-1521), rebuilt in 1796 (the first year of the Jiaqing reign), rebuilt again in 1986, and underwent large-scale renovations and expansions in 2004 to reach its current form.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l59w6e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lf5cw4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/33s2m0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hthiau.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r9bizq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ghdfz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h75lgu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qgaui8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wssm4w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3je7l6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p6oph7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0ls8tl.jpg)
+
+**An ancient tree from the Zhengde era.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/enew6g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lc1k34.jpg)
+
+Swinhoe’s book, Narrative of the North China Campaign of 1860, mentions Changying and the Changying mosque:
+
+At noon on October 3, we took down our tents, crossed the canal, and marched into a village of Hui Muslims in Changying. The village was near a rifle regiment outpost. Lord Elgin and Sir Hope Grant, along with their staff, stayed in a beautiful mosque, while about six thousand strong soldiers camped in the surrounding fields.
+
+The village was small and filled with mud huts. But this time, not all the houses were empty. The villagers were Hui Muslims who followed Islam. You could tell them apart from the other locals by the strange pointed hats they wore, with their braids tucked inside. Inside the mosque, there were many stone inscriptions in Arabic and Chinese, and several books and scriptures printed in Arabic were scattered around. Many of the Prophet’s Chinese followers could recite a few sentences from these books, but few could explain what they meant. However, they were very familiar with the prayers and chapters of the Quran and often recited them to the Sikh cavalry (Note: the author mistook Indian Muslims for Sikhs). The villagers chanted these prayers repeatedly, which always moved the tired Indian warriors to tears and often made them take silver out of their pockets. The Hui Muslims of the Celestial Empire knew it was best to accept this sympathy.
+
+Inside the Changying mosque, there is a 1937 stone tablet titled "Last Words of My Late Mother," which is a precious record of the Changying women’s mosque. It says, "We sacrificed the family house in the west courtyard to convert the former girls' school into a women's bathing facility." But the two rooms on the east side were kept as a place for Lin and others to stay when they returned home. "" The 'Lin' here refers to Zhang Zhaolin, a Hui Muslim from Changying who was known as one of the 'five great Hui Muslim journalists of the Republic of China era'.
+
+According to the article 'With the Zhang Zhaolin Brothers', Zhang Zhaolin, whose courtesy name was Ziqi, was born in Changying in 1865. His grandfather and great-uncle were both military jinshi (a high-level imperial examination degree) in the same year during the Daoguang reign. His family's fortunes declined when he was four or five years old. He only attended a private village school before becoming an apprentice at a grocery store. In 1909, Zhang Zhaolin founded the 'Xingshi Bao' (Awakening Times) in Fengtian, which was the most important vernacular newspaper in the city at the time.
+
+The 'Xingshi Bao' aimed to 'represent public opinion and serve as a mouthpiece for the people'. It gained fame in 1919 for its continuous coverage of the student demonstrations in Shenyang colleges and universities in response to the May Fourth Movement. During the 1927 anti-Japanese protest in Fengtian involving 60,000 people, Zhang Zhaolin marched at the front as a reporter and used his newspaper to build public support. The Japanese considered 'Xingshi Bao' to be at the forefront of the anti-Japanese movement at the time. At the same time, 'Xingshi Bao' frequently published articles about Hui Muslim customs and activities, serving as a window for different ethnic groups to understand each other and bridge cultural gaps.
+
+After Japan occupied Fengtian in 1931, they shut down most newspapers. 'Xingshi Bao' was exceptionally allowed to remain open as a Hui Muslim publication, but it shifted from covering current events to printing local anecdotes and serialized romance or martial arts novels to stay in business. In 1934, Zhang Zhaolin handed the newspaper over to his son to manage. He passed away in 1938, and 'Xingshi Bao' ceased publication and dissolved in 1944.
+
+In 1911, Zhang Zhaolin entered the field of education and helped establish the Fengtian Mosque School. He also founded a private school in his hometown of Changying. The school song included the lyrics: 'Old man Ziqi, worked hard to manage, with a heart to help the world... educating the younger generation, wanting to bring light to our hometown'.
+
+**Halal food**
+
+In 2001, Changying underwent demolition. The original eight Hui Muslim villages, including Changying villages 1-7 and the first residential area, were relocated to the Changying Ethnic Homeland residential complex. This formed a new Hui Muslim community, featuring a food street behind the Changying Mosque, a halal food market, a halal supermarket, and many halal restaurants.
+
+The wall bordering the Changying Mosque is the halal food street. The most famous spot there is Li Xiaolao's meat flatbread (rou shaobing). Meat flatbread paired with tofu puff soup (dou pao tang) is my standard order.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7eaxd4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xjavrw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r2tzne.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9vzav3.jpg)
+
+Next to Li Xiaolao is the Anji Deli, known for its crispy meat (songrou) and spiced beef (jiang niurou).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/93vuar.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l7r1ki.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j4bjf4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a5uch8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d9jhpq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8k2ran.jpg)
+
+**Next to that is the Jialun Deli, which sells roasted chicken (shaoji).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gyl6jf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i2eqhr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bgfhm8.jpg)
+
+Yinfangzhai Pastry Shop sells wife cakes (laopo bing), sugar-filled sesame cakes (tang huoshao), and peanuts.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yn3m8i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b07ki0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0y6cwt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yazvm5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rt0bk0.jpg)
+
+**I passed by Kaiyizhai when they were selling sweet rice balls (yuanxiao) at the beginning of the lunar new year.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eil9wb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/621bfi.jpg)
+
+The almond tofu (xingren doufu) at the entrance of the Hui Muslim residential area across from the food street is delicious. It is hard to find such authentic almond tofu in the city.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/feyhf2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/05qb6u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s2mdte.jpg)
+
+Northwest-style cold skin noodles (liangpizi) at the entrance of the food street.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2hyn25.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qdh9rg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hx32yo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/63rnf4.jpg)
+
+Crispy fried milk (cuipi xiannai) and duck heads at the Ziguangyuan snack window.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cpdhs7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o8rkac.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g88nsf.jpg)
+
+**Changying Halal Market.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/169s22.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fo984s.jpg)
+
+Fried chicken wishbones (zhaji chagu) at the entrance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xhoy8i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ujs8s.jpg)
+
+Halal snacks inside.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lcc9rv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cgfaf4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lqf8xk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i0j2x6.jpg)
+
+**Street view of Changying.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qhuovc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kziu18.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hb1mxd.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing_Chaowai_Guanxiang___Hui_Muslim_Quarter_and_Food.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing_Chaowai_Guanxiang___Hui_Muslim_Quarter_and_Food.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..51d0919842c4d470a24f7573c0a4ff9894bbdbca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing_Chaowai_Guanxiang___Hui_Muslim_Quarter_and_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Beijing Chaowai Guanxiang — Hui Muslim Quarter and Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2186"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2186"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:06Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "83a5983bdae9621b1e07d768ba9db98c45b0bf5b8afde56568f0bee5271e2d98"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Beijing Chaowai Guanxiang — Hui Muslim Quarter and Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Chaowai Guanxiang — Hui Muslim Quarter and Food is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: The historical and geographical information in this article about the Chaowai Guanxiang area is partially compiled from the book "Outside Chaoyangmen". The account keeps its focus on Beijing Chaowai, Hui Muslims, Halal Food while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+The historical and geographical information in this article about the Chaowai Guanxiang area is partially compiled from the book "Outside Chaoyangmen". Information regarding the Hui Muslims of Chaowai is partially compiled from Ma Zhongqing's book "Chaowai Nanxiapo".
+
+**The formation of Chaowai Guanxiang.**
+
+In 1285 (the 22nd year of the Zhiyuan era of the Yuan Dynasty), the Yuan capital Dadu was completed with 11 city gates. The gate in the southeast was called Qihuamen. In 1439 (the 4th year of the Zhengtong era of the Ming Dynasty), the Ming government rebuilt Qihuamen and renamed it Chaoyangmen. The stories we are discussing today take place outside Chaoyangmen.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gx1a4h.jpg)
+
+**Chaoyangmen photographed by French photographer Firmin Laribe in 1906.**
+
+In 1292 (the 29th year of the Zhiyuan era of the Yuan Dynasty), the Tonghui Canal was completed, connecting Dadu to Tongzhou. Boats traveling north from Hangzhou could reach Jishuitan inside the city of Dadu. After the Ming Emperor Chengzu, Zhu Di, moved the capital to Beijing, he dredged the Tonghui Canal and built a series of granaries inside Chaoyangmen. Large amounts of grain began to be transported from the Jiangnan region to these granaries via the canal.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n1ah7b.jpg)
+
+**Nanxincang Granary inside Chaoyangmen.**
+
+However, because the Tonghui Canal was too close to the Imperial City of Ming Beijing, Emperor Xuanzong, Zhu Zhanji, grew tired of the constant noise from the canal. In 1432 (the 7th year of the Xuande era), he ordered the eastern wall of the Imperial City to be moved, enclosing that section of the Tonghui Canal. In 1438 (the 3rd year of the Zhengtong era), the Ming government built the Datong Bridge sluice outside Dongbianmen. From then on, grain boats from the south could only reach the area outside Dongbianmen, where the grain was transferred to wheelbarrows or horse-drawn carts to be taken to the granaries inside Chaoyangmen.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jemr1r.jpg)
+
+The end of the Tonghui Canal after 1438, with the southeast corner tower of the inner city on the right.
+
+In 1697 (the 36th year of the Kangxi era), the Qing government dredged the moat outside Chaoyangmen and installed a water gate. Grain boats from the south could travel directly to the area outside Chaoyangmen to unload their cargo for storage. From this point on, Chaoyangmen officially became the terminus of the Grand Canal.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hh0uoq.jpg)
+
+**The moat on the south side of Chaoyangmen, featured in the book "Asia Panorama" published in Japan in 1928.**
+
+Because the water in the Tonghui Canal flows eastward, boats coming from Tongzhou had to travel upstream. They had to pass through five sluice gates along the canal to adjust the water levels, which made travel slow and often caused traffic jams. As a result, most grain boats would "leave the boat for the land" upon reaching Tongzhou. The cargo was unloaded onto carts and taken directly to Chaoyangmen by road. The official road connecting Chaoyangmen and Tongzhou became increasingly busy, eventually surpassing the Tonghui Canal as the main transport route.
+
+In 1729 (the seventh year of the Yongzheng reign), the stone road from Chaoyang Gate to Tongzhou was completed. The stone road itself was 20 feet wide, with dirt roads 15 feet wide on each side, making it the expressway between Beijing and Tongzhou at that time. Park Ji-won, an envoy from Korea to China at the end of the Qianlong reign, wrote in his 'Jehol Diary' that the Chaoyang Gate stone road 'stretched for 40 li from Tongzhou to the Imperial City, paved with stone beams, where iron wheels clashed and the sound of carts grew louder, shaking one's spirit and leaving one uneasy.'
+
+In 1942, the Japanese wanted to build a highway from Tongzhou to Beijing and planned to replace the stone road with cement, but they surrendered when the work was only half finished. Therefore, in 1949, it was half stone road and half cement road. After 1949, an asphalt road was built, and the Chaoyang Gate stone road finally disappeared, but many of the stone slabs were buried shallowly along the side of Chaoyang Road; some were later dug up and preserved in the Chaowai CBD Park.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cfr5v2.jpg)
+
+**The Chaoyang Gate stone road in the Chaowai CBD Park.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fid514.jpg)
+
+The Chaoyang Gate official road in the 1935 book 'Trips outside Peking' is the line the car is driving on in the picture.
+
+**Residents of the Chaowai Guanxiang area.**
+
+Because they were not restricted by the closing of the city gates at night, people transporting grain were willing to choose to stay and rest outside Chaoyang Gate. Tea houses, inns, and restaurants gradually sprang up in the Chaowai Guanxiang area, making it the most prosperous district east of Beijing, with many shops and booming business, and many people eventually settled there.
+
+to Chaowai Street as the main commercial artery, the Chaowai Guanxiang area had three residential areas where three different ethnic groups lived. Among them, Jishikou north of Chaowai Street was mainly Han Chinese, the Nanxiapo area to the southwest was mainly Hui Muslims, and the Xiangbai Banner South Barracks to the southeast was mainly Banner people.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wizaw4.jpg)
+
+An aerial photo of the inside and outside of Chaoyang Gate taken by Japanese photographer Shiba Yōson in 1940, with Nanxiapo in the upper left corner.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rml8xv.jpg)
+
+**An aerial photo of the area outside Chaoyang Gate in 1951 from the Beijing Imprint website.**
+
+**The mosque in the Chaowai Guanxiang area.**
+
+Information about the Muslim community in the Chaowai Guanxiang area is compiled from 'Chaowai Nanxiapo' by the local elder Ma Zhongqing from Nanxiapo. Ma Zhongqing was born in 1947 and lived in Nanxiapo outside Chaoyang Gate since he was a child, writing many articles about this area.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lwn0re.jpg)
+
+There were once seven mosques in the Chaowai area, but only four are clearly recorded today: Nanzhongjie Mosque, Nanxiapo Mosque, Shuimenguan Women's Mosque, and Shegutang Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p3wqh3.jpg)
+
+**A map from the book "Outside Chaowai Gate".**
+
+Nanzhongjie Mosque, also known as the Great Mosque (Da Libaisi) and Nanxiapo Mosque, is located on the west side of the north end of Nanzhong Street outside Chaoyang Gate. It was first built in the early years of the Kangxi reign and was the largest mosque in the Chaowai area. The last imam (ahong) of Nanzhongjie Mosque, Yu Guangzeng, came from a family of imams. At 26, he received his formal appointment at Huashi Mosque. He was very learned, wrote books like "Basic Scripture Textbooks" and "Philosophy Textbooks," and passed away in 2004.
+
+During the Pingjin Campaign in 1948, the Kuomintang 13th Army, responsible for guarding Dongzhimen, Chaoyangmen, and Guangqumen, demolished all civilian houses on the east bank of the moat from Chaoyangmen to Jianguomen, and Nanzhongjie Mosque was destroyed.
+
+In 1949, Imam Yu Guangzeng oversaw the construction of classrooms and a playground on the original site of Nanzhongjie Mosque and founded the Mushen Primary School for Hui Muslims. Imam Yu Guangzeng served as the principal of Mushen Primary School and hired teacher Mu Chengyu, a graduate of the famous modern Islamic school Chengda Normal School, as the head teacher. In 1951, Qin Junxiang, a graduate of the Hui Muslim College teacher training class, joined Mushen Primary School as a teacher. The drum and bugle band of Mushen Primary School was very famous locally. Their Western-style drums and horns were very novel, and they were often invited to participate in events.
+
+In 1956, Mushen Primary School was renamed Chaoyang District Nanzhongjie No. 2 Primary School. In the 1980s, it became the office for the Chaoyang District Islamic Association, and it was demolished in 2003.
+
+Shuimenguan Women's Mosque was located at the second door on the north side of the east entrance of Shuimenguan Hutong. First built in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, it was a standard courtyard house (siheyuan) with a main hall that could hold dozens of people for namaz and two lecture halls to the north and south. Shuimenguan Women's Mosque stopped its activities in 1958 and became a nursery for Hui Muslims in the early 1960s. In 1993, to build the Ministry of Foreign Affairs building, the mosque's structures were dismantled and moved away by Yangzha Mosque.
+
+Shegutang Mosque was located on the west side of the north end of Shegutang Hutong, 200 meters from Chaowai Street. Like the Shuimenguan Women's Mosque, it was a courtyard house with a main hall that could hold 30 to 40 people for namaz and two lecture halls to the north and south. The imam in the 1940s and 1950s was surnamed Zhang. Shegutang Mosque closed in 1958.
+
+Nanxiapo Mosque, also known as the Small Mosque (Xiao Libaisi), was first built in the early years of the Kangxi reign. It is located on the west side of the south entrance of Chaowai Second Alley and is the only mosque in the Chaowai area that still exists today.
+
+According to Ma Zhongqing's ancestors, a shed builder lived in Nanxiapo during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He built a large shed using fir poles and reed mats. An imam named Hu Zhonghe led the local Hui Muslims in prayer inside this mat shed, which was the earliest Nanxiapo mosque. In the early years of the Kangxi reign, a Hui Muslim surnamed Ma who sold bows and arrows inside Chaoyang Gate heard about the situation in Nanxiapo. Just then, a payment arrived from a Mongolian client for a bow and arrow order. The man surnamed Ma donated this money to build the Nanxiapo mosque.
+
+The main gate of the Nanxiapo mosque originally consisted of three separate gate towers connected by courtyard walls, but they were destroyed in the early 1960s.
+
+After 1966, religious activities stopped at Nanxiapo, but it still served as the Beijing Hui Muslim Funeral Service Center, helping Hui Muslims with funeral arrangements. To prevent the Red Guards (HWB) from attacking the Nanxiapo mosque, more than twenty local elders including Ma Yulin, Ma Yuhai, and Tuo Jihua took turns guarding the mosque day and night. They stopped the Red Guards from entering the old mosque, saving Nanxiapo from disaster.
+
+The Nanxiapo mosque was rebuilt in 1986 and renovated again in 2016, resulting in its current appearance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4y9aa2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8c1p1f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5wy1uh.jpg)
+
+In 1947, the Nationalist army was conscripting men at the South Barracks outside Chaoyang Gate. The young Hui Muslim men of Nanxiapo were terrified. They grabbed some dry rations from home and ran to the Nanxiapo mosque, where they climbed onto the roof of the main hall using wooden ladders with the help of the imam and the elders. After they were hidden, the imam and elders immediately hid the ladders. When the Nationalist troops came to the mosque to seize people, the imam persuaded them to leave. The men on the roof lay flat for an entire day and finally escaped the danger.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j587vc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ljae6w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/30m886.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/05petv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jka9x5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/twrc31.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/alejq6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9jd9y1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y5786s.jpg)
+
+**Breaking the fast (iftar) at the mosque during Ramadan in 2021.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hrmrq2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8zlsft.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jvpm9v.jpg)
+
+Attending a religious gathering at Nanxiapo in 2021, where there was lamb and wheat porridge (yangrou mairen rouzhou) and fried dough (youxiang).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hm1kim.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c1eeen.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/28zkyu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uk6qba.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wpiuhx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dow3a9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iloxwc.jpg)
+
+Most of the leaders of the Nanxiapo mosque have been descendants of the first leader, Hu Zhonghe. Hu Zhonghe's 12th-generation descendant was named De Gui, with the courtesy name Zichen, born in 1883 (the ninth year of the Guangxu reign). Because his parents died early, 15-year-old Hu Zichen inherited his father's profession in 1898 (the 24th year of the Guangxu reign) and became the second leader (haitibu) of the Nanxiapo mosque. Later generations called him Master Hu the Second. At that time, the imam of the Nanxiapo mosque was Hu Wenzhi, and the third master was Ma Shikuan, known as Master Ma the Third.
+
+In 1900, Empress Dowager Cixi fled west, and bandits were everywhere. Many merchants on Chaowai Street were robbed. The 17-year-old Imam Hu Zichen organized a local militia in Nanxiapo. Local young Hui Muslims joined enthusiastically. Some were wrestlers, some knew martial arts, and some were cart drivers. The wealthy members even bought firearms. Every night, everyone gathered at the entrance of the Nanxiapo Mosque to take turns patrolling the streets and keeping watch, finally avoiding a disaster.
+
+Imam Ma Chunpu began his service as an imam in 1944, leading prayers at the Huashi Mosque and Balizhuang Mosque before moving to the Nanxiapo Mosque. After 1966, Imam Ma Chunpu faced persecution. In 1976, he became the president of the Chaoyang District Islamic Association, helping local Muslims solve various problems until he passed away in 2001.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6esobx.jpg)
+
+Imam Ma Dekai came from a family of imams and took over his father's work to become the imam of the Nanxiapo Mosque after 1949. Imam Ma Dekai was honest and kind. For years, he worked to restore religious properties and halal food outlets, while quietly donating to children who had dropped out of school. He passed away in 2000 at the age of 78.
+
+Elder Ding Ruichun was a community leader at the Nanxiapo Mosque and a great helper to Imam Ma Dekai. Whenever Imam Ma slaughtered a sheep, Elder Ding would hold the sheep's head, and the two old friends worked together perfectly. The sheep heads Elder Ding cleaned were completely free of wool, and the sheep intestines he washed were perfectly white. He was a master of his craft, never asked for pay, and never ate at anyone's house. Elder Ding Ruichun passed away in 2003 at the age of 74.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vv5ca2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xqle2e.jpg)
+
+On February 15, 1928, after the Communist Party's Beiping Municipal Committee Secretary Ma Jun was killed, his body (maiti) was cleaned at the Nanxiapo Mosque by Hu Wenzhi and Hu Zichen. Then, the elders and community members (dost) of Nanxiapo donated burial shrouds (kafan) and buried him in the northwest corner of Ritan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tudfs8.jpg)
+
+**The original tombstone of Ma Jun inside the Nanxiapo Mosque.**
+
+In the early 1950s, the Beijing municipal government took over the slaughterhouse next to the Nanxiapo Mosque and the large cemetery west of Ritan for urban construction. Imam Hu Zichen led dozens of people from Nanxiapo on a large truck to move the remains to the Hui Muslim cemetery in Xibeiwang, Haidian. Only the rebuilt tomb of the martyr Ma Jun remained in the Chaowai Hui Muslim cemetery west of Ritan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gxedko.jpg)
+
+**Ma Jun's tomb in Ritan Park.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c2vnw5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0ujwk6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7u35cx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2c9xpo.jpg)
+
+**Halal food in the Chaowai Guanxiang area.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mvgy76.jpg)
+
+**Chaowai Street, photographed looking east from Chaoyang Gate by Japanese photographer Kazumasa Ogawa in 1901.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ckmhcs.jpg)
+
+**A photo from the book 'Old Beijing City'.**
+
+Beijing history expert Wang Yongbin wrote about the halal beef and mutton shops and oil and salt stores on Chaowai Street during the Republic of China era in his book, "Beijing's Suburban Towns and Old Brands."
+
+Famous halal mutton shops on Chaoyangmen Suburban Street included Sanyishun, Dongxingshun, and Qianyuhe. Qianyuhe Mutton Shop was in a busy section of Chaowai Street. It had two storefront rooms in the front and six processing rooms in the back. Every winter, they bought sheep from Inner Mongolia, slaughtered them right in front of the shop, and sold the meat immediately, which made them very popular.
+
+The most famous shop on Chaowai Street was Yongsheng Mutton Shop, which opened in the late Guangxu period. It had no wooden sign out front. Instead, it had a clean blue cloth hanging with the words "Western Regions Halal Faith" (Xiyu Qingzhen Jiao) sewn on in white fabric. The beef and mutton sold at Yongsheng Mutton Shop were slaughtered and cleaned the same day they were sold. Business was excellent; they sold two sheep every day and one cow every two days.
+
+Besides fresh beef and mutton, Yongsheng also set up a stove to bake sesame flatbread (shaobing), which became very famous in the Chaoyangmen suburban area. Their sesame flatbreads were large, layered, and fluffy, and they sold out every single day. The ingredients for Yongsheng's sesame flatbreads were all bought from the famous Dayou Halal Oil, Salt, and Grain Store in the Chaoyangmen suburbs. The white flour was high-quality "fudi" flour that had been finely ground and sifted, the sesame seeds were plump and top-grade, and the sesame paste and fragrant oil were also of the highest quality. to flatbreads, Yongsheng also sold spiral-shaped pastries (luosizhuan). Their spiral pastries were crispy and flaky, and they stayed fresh for days without getting soft, so they had many customers.
+
+Dayou Halal Oil and Salt Store was the most famous shop of its kind in the Chaowai suburbs. It opened in 1917 and was also located on Chaowai Street. At first, Dayou was a general business, but it lost money for years due to poor management. They hired a Hui Muslim named Chang Zijiu as the manager and turned it into a halal business. Manager Chang turned Dayou into a shop with a workshop in the back. The front had six storefront rooms; the west side sold oil, salt, and pickles, while the east side sold rice, flour, and grains. The backyard had over 30 rooms where they hired more than 30 people to make various pickles. They also used electric mills to make fragrant oil, millet flour, and mixed grain flour.
+
+Dayou was most famous for its house-made fragrant oil. They chose plump sesame seeds as raw material. The oil master roasted the seeds to the perfect level, so the resulting fragrant oil had a strong, lasting aroma and a clear, transparent color.
+
+Besides fragrant oil, they were also famous for their house-made yellow bean paste and pickles. Their best-sellers included small pickled radishes, large pickled radishes, sweet and sour assorted radishes, pickled cucumbers, and sweet and sour garlic sprouts. It wasn't just the neighbors near Chaoyangmen Gate who loved the food here. Farmers traveling along the Chaoyangmen official road from areas like Ciyun Mosque, Balizhuang, Shuangqiao, and Guanzhuang would stop at Dayou Grocery Store to buy yellow soybean paste (huangjiang) and pickled vegetables (jiangcai) to take home whenever they came into Beijing for errands or to burn incense at the Dongyue Mosque.
+
+Dayou kept their rice, flour, and grains in large wicker baskets (poluo) on low platforms in the shop. They sold rice, white flour, sorghum, red beans, mung beans, large kidney beans, sea beans, corn, millet, black beans, sesame, and more. Every autumn during the harvest, the grain store sent out special buyers to the countryside to collect fresh crops. The grain store had a mill in the backyard to process the rice, flour, and grains. The steamed corn buns (wotou) made from their millet flour were sweet, fluffy, and their best-selling item, often selling out completely.
+
+Every year on the second day of the Lunar New Year, Manager Chang of Dayou would invite imams and village elders from nearby mosques and the eight counties east of Beijing (Tongzhou, Sanhe, Wuqing, Baodi, Jixian, Xianghe, Ninghe, and Xiaoxun, collectively known as Tong-San-Wu-Bao-Ji-Xiang-Ning-Xun) to recite the Hui Muslim Peace Sutra. He would treat everyone to a lunch of beef and mutton from the shop, creating a wonderful atmosphere.
+
+Beyond the storefronts on Chaowai Street, many Hui Muslims sold halal snacks southwest of the Chaowai gate area. In the alleys, you could find people selling fried dough cakes (youbing), millet flour tea (miancha), kidney beans, sheep head meat, and beef tendon. Ma Zhongqing wrote about these various halal snacks in the alleys of the Chaowai gate area in his work, 'South Slope Outside Chaoyangmen' (Chaowai Nanxiapo).
+
+One hundred meters north of the Nanxiapo Mosque, on the east side of the road, was a small shop selling oil, salt, soy sauce, and vinegar. It opened in 1935 and was run by a man named Ma, so it was commonly called Ma's Small Shop (Maji Xiaopu). Above the door of Ma's Small Shop hung a black plaque with the three large characters 'Fu Shun Yong,' taken from the name of the manager at the time, Ma Yongfu.
+
+The shop was only about 11 or 12 square meters. According to Yang Jing'an's memories, one summer over 60 years ago, the old manager Ma Deshan sold sour plum drink (suanmeitang) at the shop entrance. He held two small copper bowls and clicked them together with his fingers to make a rhythmic, crisp sound. As he tapped, the old manager sang: 'Water from Dongzhimen, ice from Xizhibei, it tastes so refreshing when you drink it.' The old manager Ma Deshan passed away in 1946.
+
+In 1949, the manager Ma Yongfu joined the neighborhood fire prevention team and went on patrol every night. Whenever someone in the neighborhood passed away (wuchang), he would take the initiative to help handle the funeral arrangements. He helped prepare nearly a hundred bodies (maiti) for burial.
+
+In 1956, Ma's Small Shop closed due to the public-private partnership policy. Ma Yongfu became a worker at the Chaowai Yuanfa General Store, retired in 1973, and passed away in 1991.
+
+There was a man named Ma Qiba in Nanxiapo who sold millet flour tea (miancha) from a wooden cart. He kept a small stove on the cart to keep the tea hot, and he neatly arranged his sesame paste, porcelain bowls, and small spoons on the cart. At the crack of dawn every day, Ma Qiba would start calling out, 'Millet flour tea, get it hot!' People in the alley would come out to drink it when they heard him. There was even a joking saying about him: 'Ma Qiba selling millet flour tea—adding water (giving extra).'
+
+Every morning at the Chaowai Tankou entrance, there is an older man named Er Luo Bo who sets up a breakfast stall right in front of his home. Er Luo Bo is named Ma Yulong. He sells fried dough cakes (youbing), fried bean cakes (zhagao), and sesame flatbreads (shaobing). He makes them fresh as he sells them, and his business is very popular with many repeat customers. He cooks the red bean paste for his fried bean cakes in a large iron pot. He never uses saccharin, only white sugar. His fried bean cakes are large, and the bean paste inside is delicious. Every evening around four or five o'clock, Er Luo Bo sells rolled soybean flour cakes (lvdagun) at his roadside stall, also making them fresh to order. He uses a knife in his left hand, quickly cutting the three-foot-long rolled soybean flour cake on his cutting board into four-inch pieces.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qhm0wv.jpg)
+
+In 1973, when Ma Zhongqing got married, Er Luo Bo was in charge of the cooking. In Ma Zhongqing's courtyard, Er Luo Bo built a stove using half-bricks and yellow mud. It had two levels and four or five burners. He used this stove for all the frying, stir-frying, and cooking to serve over a hundred guests table by table.
+
+At the north end of Xiushui River, there is a grain store for Hui Muslims. Outside the store, Uncle Hei sells fried dumplings (zha huitou) every day. Uncle Hei is not very tall and wears a prayer cap (libaimao). He makes the dumplings fresh and calls out, 'Fried~ dumplings~ hey!' When his fried dumplings come right out of the oil, they are crispy on the outside and tender on the inside. One bite and the juices flow; they are fragrant and delicious.
+
+In a simple porridge shed on the west side of the south end of Xiushui River, Uncle Ma from Nanzhong Street has rice porridge ready before dawn every day. He calls out, 'Rice porridge here~ just a few coins~.' His deep voice attracts many elementary school students to come and drink the porridge.
+
+Another Uncle Ma, who lives on Guanyinsi Street, sells boiled corn and sweet potatoes along the street every day. Sometimes he pushes a wheelbarrow, and sometimes he carries a small bamboo basket. He calls out, 'Corn~,' with a long, melodic, and pleasant sound. Uncle Ma's corn is rich and sweet. His red-fleshed sweet potatoes are very sugary, while the dry-fleshed ones taste like chestnuts and are so dense they can make you choke a little.
+
+The Tankou Hui Muslim Canteen is located south of the road outside Chaoyangmen, at the intersection of Chaowai Market, and covers about fifty or sixty square meters. Breakfast staples and liquid foods are served at two separate windows. Staples include fried bean cakes (zhagao), fried dough cakes (youbing), steamed buns (baozi), sesame flatbreads (shaobing), sugar-coated fried dough (tang'erduo), sesame balls (matuan), and steamed rice cakes (pengao). Liquid foods include millet porridge with sesame paste (miancha), soy milk (doujiang), fried tofu soup (doupao tang), and lamb offal soup (yangzasui). In the evening, the canteen set up stalls at the entrance, bringing out grills to cook skewers on the spot and deep-frying crispy meat (songrou) to order. The manager, Yang Yongqing, was famous for using a rolling pin in each hand to roll out over a hundred dumpling wrappers in a minute.
+
+After Chaowai Street was widened and renovated, the Tankou Canteen was demolished.
+
+In his article 'Hui Muslim Restaurants on Chaowai Street' published in Beijing Chronicles, Ji Jianguo wrote about the halal restaurants on Chaowai Street from the 1970s to the late 1990s: Chaowai Hui Muslim Restaurant, Tankou Hui Muslim Restaurant, Xingsheng Hui Muslim Restaurant, and Ziguangyuan Restaurant.
+
+On summer evenings, whenever Ji Jianguo went to the Tankou Hui Muslim Restaurant, he would order a bowl of cold sesame paste noodles (majiang mian) and a cold beer, along with a plate of boiled peanuts or spiced beef (jiang niurou), for a very pleasant meal. On autumn evenings, the Tankou Hui Muslim Restaurant would set up a stall at the entrance to sell freshly fried crispy meat (songrou). It uses thin bean curd sheets to wrap fresh, tender lamb mixed with chopped green onions, ginger, flour, and five-spice powder, rolled into the thickness of a thumb and cut into pieces. After being deep-fried in hot oil, each piece turns golden brown and is displayed in a glass cabinet, with the aroma spreading all around and drawing passersby to stop and line up to buy some. They sometimes sold boiled lamb head (qingshui yangtou) there, where the semi-transparent lamb head was cooled and sliced as thin as paper. Their sugar-rolled fruit (tang juanguo) is steamed with raisins, red dates, lotus root, honey, starch, and flour; one bite is full of sweetness, and the flavors of the various ingredients blend together, leaving a lingering fragrance on the lips and teeth.
+
+Xingsheng Hui Muslim Restaurant was located east of the glazed archway of the Dongyue Temple and was the largest Hui Muslim restaurant on Chaowai Street, occupying a two-story building of two or three hundred square meters. Most customers were groups dining together, ordering a plate of stir-fried beef with green onions (cong bao rou), braised beef tendon, braised oxtail, a plate of spiced beef (jiang niurou), boiled peanuts, stir-fried tofu, and braised chicken. In the middle of the table, there would be a steaming hot pot of mutton (shuan yangrou), two bottles of Erguotou liquor, and three or five friends gathered to drink and chat, making for a very lively scene. In the mid-1980s, Xingsheng Hui Muslim Restaurant was the first to renovate, turning the second floor into a dining hall with private booths, becoming the most upscale Hui Muslim restaurant on Chaowai Street, where many Hui Muslims held their weddings.
+
+The Chaowai Hui Muslim Restaurant was located north of the Chaoyangmen overpass; its nail-shaped meat pies (mending roubing) had thin crusts and large fillings and were quite delicious, but it was later demolished during the urban renovation of Chaowai Street. Another Hui Muslim restaurant was on the north side of the road on the east end of Chaowai Street, covering about seventy or eighty square meters. At first, they only sold breakfast items like fried pancakes (youbing), steamed buns (baozi), sesame flatbread (shaobing), soy milk (doujiang), and tofu pudding (doufunao). Main meals included rice, boiled dumplings (shuijiao), noodles, and dumplings (jiaozi), along with stir-fried dishes like stir-fried lamb with scallions (congbao yangrou).
+
+Ziguangyuan opened in 1984. According to the chairman, Ai Changyou, it started as a tiny shop selling only stir-fried dough bits (chaogeda), with the original location at the south gate of the Workers' Stadium. Back then, workers from several large companies in Chaoyang District would line up at the door of Ziguangyuan as soon as they got off work, paying 50 cents for a large, affordable portion. Because the shop was so small, many workers squatted on the side of the road to eat, while others took their food back to the factory. So, after selling the stir-fried dough bits, Ai Changyou had to push a tricycle to the factory to collect the bowls.
+
+Ziguangyuan's stir-fried dough bits are square pieces about the size of a fingernail. They are first boiled until half-cooked, blanched, and then stir-fried with wood ear mushrooms, cucumber, diced lamb, diced carrots, boiled soybeans, and peanuts to create a golden, flavorful dish. Every plate is piled high, and each piece of dough glistens with oil, making it look very appetizing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kcxnq2.jpg)
+
+**Ziguangyuan's stir-fried dough bits**
+
+In the 1990s, Chaowai Street began renovations and Hui Muslim restaurants gradually disappeared. Ziguangyuan became the last Hui Muslim restaurant on the street. It later moved to the south of the Dongdaqiao intersection, where it remains today, and by 2017, it had grown to dozens of locations.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4o6s0m.jpg)
+
+**Ziguangyuan Dongdaqiao branch**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sm59p0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9pkvjy.jpg)
+
+**The first page of the menu at the Ziguangyuan Dongdaqiao branch features an introduction to the Nanxiapo mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xgiega.jpg)
+
+**Roast duck (kaoya)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2qawrm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rxl4hg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1soy0o.jpg)
+
+**Duck bone soup (yajiazi zuotang)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ge3uw.jpg)
+
+**Deep-fried shredded meat (zha songrou)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ourkab.jpg)
+
+**Meatballs (wanzi)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xc78ai.jpg)
+
+**Stir-fried tripe with coriander (yanbao sandan)**
+
+**Sanfengli in Chaowai**
+
+After 1992, all the traditional Hui Muslim neighborhoods in Chaowai were torn down, and the residents were moved back to the newly built Sanfengli residential area on the same site.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mu5n6s.jpg)
+
+**1939 Detailed Map of the Vicinity of Beijing**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a992ti.jpg)
+
+1991 Map of Beijing Urban Area, on the eve of the major demolition in Chaowai
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bjkolh.jpg)
+
+1998 Atlas of Beijing Streets and Hutongs, showing the major demolition in Chaowai and the completion of the Sanfeng residential area.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uengm1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r63z2r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cdvwax.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h7hdy6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hjmdkb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n3scri.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oxx86j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m4nwyz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tah269.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rey6pg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ygqpit.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6v4t84.jpg)
+
+At a small halal restaurant in Sanfengli, I ordered beef stewed with tendon, stewed meat with green beans, fish roe tofu, crispy meatballs, and mixed tripe strips. The stewed green beans were incredibly delicious and went perfectly with rice.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m5ethc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/81vjqg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1ex2z1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nxltnw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cjnkk8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bqxqpy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6k0cmj.jpg)
+
+The back door of the Nanxiapo Mosque is next to the Kawuli baked bun shop, where I have bought their meat-filled flatbread (rounang) several times.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oy3dor.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/asralz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w07ukd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w9fk96.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing_Tianjin_Canal___Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_History.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing_Tianjin_Canal___Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_History.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e0593d961451c8739860cd1de2614f58619a71f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing_Tianjin_Canal___Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Beijing-Tianjin Canal — Mosques and Hui Muslim History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2188"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2188"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:38Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "2e4fac8e1ea8b1ef1eaf50d78f04a0e8a86001686296fea7a21a82cb7aa6e708"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Beijing-Tianjin Canal — Mosques and Hui Muslim History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing-Tianjin Canal — Mosques and Hui Muslim History is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Visiting Muslim communities, exploring old mosques, and tasting local food have been my dreams since I was a child. The account keeps its focus on Canal Mosques, Beijing Tianjin, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+Visiting Muslim communities, exploring old mosques, and tasting local food have been my dreams since I was a child. I could not make it happen during college because I had a limited budget. I graduated from college and returned to Beijing for work in 2014. With a steady income, I officially started my halal food and travel journey in 2015. From January 2016 to May 2017, over a period of more than a year, I used my weekends and holidays to visit Hui Muslim communities in 19 towns and cities along the Grand Canal. I finished the first stage of my travel plan, the Canal Hui Muslim Community Food Tour.
+
+These 19 locations are: Chaoyangmenwai, Changying, Tongzhou Nanguan, and Zhangjiawan in Beijing; Tianmu Village, Jiayuanli, and Northwest Corner in Tianjin; Cangzhou and Botou in Hebei; Dezhou, Linqing, Liaocheng, and Jining in Shandong; Xuzhou, Huai'an, Yangzhou, and Zhenjiang in Jiangsu; and Jiaxing and Hangzhou in Zhejiang.
+
+This halal food tour gave me some experience and laid the foundation for my halal travels to over 100 cities in more than ten countries over the following years. Looking back now, although my early records were incomplete and quite simple, they are still precious memories of that time. Only five or six years have passed, but many situations have changed, and many scenes have already become history.
+
+I have been sharing my canal halal travel records on my public account for a while now. This post serves as a summary and a directory. Due to time constraints, I could not visit some important Hui Muslim communities along the canal. I will have to visit them if I get the chance later. I visited Gaoyou and Lingtang in Jiangsu in 2021, and I am sharing those here as well.
+
+Although they are all along the Grand Canal, the Hui Muslim communities in each place were established at different times. For example, Yangzhou had large numbers of Persian and Central Asian merchants as early as the Tang Dynasty. Hui Muslims (Huihui Semu) were already living in Hangzhou and Zhenjiang during the Yuan Dynasty, but most canal Hui Muslim communities developed during the Ming Dynasty. After the capital moved to Beijing during the Yongle reign, the Grand Canal was dredged again. At the same time, people were relocated to fill areas in the north that were damaged by the Jingnan Campaign. The Hui Muslim population along the Tianjin, Hebei, and Shandong sections of the canal increased significantly, and many famous mosques were built during the Ming Dynasty. During the Xianfeng reign of the Qing Dynasty, the Hui Muslim communities in Huai'an, Zhenjiang, and Jiaxing were hit hard by the Nian Rebellion and the Taiping Rebellion. The Hui Muslim community in Jiaxing was even destroyed and did not recover until the Republic of China era.
+
+In 1855, the Yellow River burst its banks at Tongwaxiang, and the northern sections of the canal became completely silted up. The China Merchants Steam Navigation Company was founded in 1872, and grain tribute began to be transported by sea. Canal grain transport was completely abolished in 1901, and the Tianjin-Pukou Railway opened in 1913. These events caused a major shock to the Hui Muslim communities along the canal. Places like Linqing and Liaocheng began to decline, while cities like Tianjin and Zhenjiang became more prosperous because of the railway. During the Republic of China era, economic development led many Hui Muslims to move from the countryside to cities. Many chose to work in the halal food industry. Large halal restaurants gradually appeared, especially in the south, marking a period of prosperity for southern Hui Muslim communities.
+
+In 1949, soaring prices and broken trade routes forced many Hui Muslim merchants in cities to return to their hometowns. The 1956 joint state-private ownership policy caused many halal restaurants to close. The impact was most severe in southern cities like Suzhou, Changzhou, and Hangzhou, where Hui Muslim communities eventually disappeared. After the market economy began in the 1990s, many Hui Muslim communities were demolished, and the people scattered. In the 21st century, the rapid pace of urban renewal has made the study of remaining Hui Muslim communities urgent. This is how I began my journey to visit the Hui Muslim communities along the canal.
+
+**The area outside Chaoyang Gate in Beijing.**
+
+After Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty moved the capital to Beijing, he dredged the Tonghui River between Beijing and Tongzhou. He built a series of granaries inside the eastern Chaoyang Gate, and large amounts of grain were shipped from the south along the canal to the gate. Because the Tonghui River lacked enough water and had too many locks, boats often got stuck. During the Qing Dynasty, most grain boats stopped at Tongzhou to unload and transport goods by cart along the official road to Chaoyang Gate. A stone road between Chaoyang Gate and Tongzhou was built during the Yongzheng period, creating a mature commercial route.
+
+Since they were not restricted by the closing of the city gates at night, most people transporting grain stayed outside Chaoyang Gate. Tea houses, inns, and restaurants gradually appeared in the area, and business thrived. Many Hui Muslims who came to do business settled here, forming the Hui Muslim community outside Chaoyang Gate.
+
+There were once seven mosques outside Chaoyang Gate, with four clearly recorded: Nanzhongjie Mosque, Nanxiapo Mosque, Shuimenguan Women's Mosque, and Shegutang Mosque. Only the Nanxiapo Mosque remains today. Legend has it that in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, a shed builder in Nanxiapo used poles and reed mats to build a large shelter as a place for namaz. In the early Kangxi period, a Hui Muslim businessman named Ma heard about this and donated money to build the formal Nanxiapo Mosque.
+
+Chaowai Street once had many halal food shops. Famous ones included the Yongsheng Lamb Shop and the Dayou Halal Oil and Salt Shop, along with many small stalls. After the renovation of Chaowai Street in the 1990s, only Ziguangyuan, known for its stir-fried dough bits (chaogeda), has continued to thrive. I still go there often to eat roast duck.
+
+The Muslim community outside Chaoyang Gate was completely demolished after 1992. Residents were relocated to the Sanfengli residential area nearby. There are many halal snacks there, and the stewed meat with braised green beans at the small halal restaurant is especially delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nvdned.jpg)
+
+**Changying, Beijing.**
+
+Changying sits on the north side of the Chaoyangmen official road between Beijing and Tongzhou. Legend says that Chang Yuchun, a famous founding general of the Ming Dynasty, once stationed a troop of Hui Muslims near Tongzhou. This camp was named Changjiayingzi, though no historical records have been found to prove this story.
+
+Because it was not far from the Tongzhou canal shipping docks and the Chaoyangmen stone road, many Hui Muslims in Changying made a living by pushing carts and pulling rickshaws. Pushing carts meant using a wheelbarrow to transport grain from the Tongzhou earthen dam to the Thirteen Granaries (Shisancang) inside and outside Chaoyangmen. Pulling rickshaws meant carrying passengers along the Chaoyangmen stone road. Both jobs were directly related to the canal shipping industry.
+
+Changying Mosque was built during the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty and renovated in the first year of the Jiaqing period. It is a famous mosque in the eastern Beijing area. In 2001, Changying was demolished. The original eight Hui Muslim villages, including Changying villages 1-7 and the first residential area, were relocated to the Changying Ethnic Homeland residential complex. This formed a new Hui Muslim community, featuring a food street behind the Changying Mosque, a halal food market, a halal supermarket, and many halal restaurants. Behind Changying Mosque is a halal food street. The most famous spot there is Li Xiaolao's meat sesame flatbread (shaobing), which might be the best shaobing in Beijing. Next to Li Xiaolao's are Anji Deli, Jialun Deli, and Yinfangzhai Pastry Shop. The deli meats and pastries inside are all quite good.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qhuovc.jpg)
+
+**Nanguan in Tongzhou, Beijing.**
+
+After Guo Shoujing built the Tonghui Canal during the Yuan Dynasty, Tongzhou became a hub for canal shipping. Many Hui Muslims moved here to live, forming a Hui Muslim community in Nanguan. In the first year of the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Tongzhou city was expanded, and the Nanguan Hui Muslim community was included within its walls. This officially formed South Street inside the South Gate and the Hui Muslim Eighteen-and-a-Half Alley (Shibajieban Hutong) on the east side. South Street was a busy main road for transporting canal grain from the Grand Canal docks outside the North Gate to the two major granaries in the center and east of Tongzhou city. Because of this, it was very prosperous during the Ming and Qing dynasties and was filled with all kinds of shops.
+
+The most authentic halal pastry shop on South Street in Tongzhou is Guishunzhai Halal Food Store. It was opened by Master Li Chen, the former deputy factory manager of the old Dashunzhai food store, after he retired. He kept the traditional skills of the old Dashunzhai, and his thick cakes (dunbobo) and sugar-fired cakes (tanghuoshao) are excellent. The state-run Dashunzhai food store still exists today. Its main branch is on Xinhua East Street in Tongzhou, and its products are also sold on Niujie and in major Beijing supermarkets.
+
+On the east side of the road, north of South Street in Tongzhou, stands the Tongzhou Mosque, built in the Yuan Dynasty. It was originally named Chaozhen Mosque and was renamed Mosque after being expanded during the Wanli period. At the north end of South Street is Xiaolou Restaurant, the most famous halal restaurant in Tongzhou. It is best known for its braised catfish (shao nianyu) caught in the canal. Xiaolou was originally named Yihexuan and was founded by the Li brothers in 1900. It was rebuilt into a two-story building in 1921 and took the name Xiaolou. The current storefront was built after the old Xiaolou was demolished in 1985.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2otsty.jpg)
+
+**Zhangjiawan in Tongzhou, Beijing.**
+
+After Guo Shoujing built the Tonghui River during the Yuan Dynasty, the place where the river flowed east into the Lu River in Tongzhou became what is now Zhangjiawan. Legend says Zhangjiawan was named after Zhang Xuan, who managed sea transport at the time, and it became a canal shipping terminal. After water levels in the Tonghui River dropped in the early Ming Dynasty, more cargo boats chose to unload at Zhangjiawan to transfer goods to carts, making Zhangjiawan a major hub for canal transport. It was not until the Jiajing era of the Ming Dynasty, a century later, that the new Tonghui River was diverted from Zhangjiawan to flow into the North Canal at Tongzhou city. However, cargo ships still docked at Zhangjiawan, and both Zhangjiawan and Tongzhou city served as important canal terminals east of the capital.
+
+After the Yuan Dynasty, merchants kept coming to settle in Zhangjiawan, including many Hui Muslims. A Hui Muslim community formed in Zhangjiawan during the early Ming Dynasty, and they built the Zhangjiawan mosque. The Zhangjiawan mosque was built in the early Ming Dynasty and renovated during the Daoguang era of the Qing Dynasty. It suffered damage through various hardships after the 20th century, but it has been renovated and is now a simple, clean little mosque.
+
+The area outside the south gate of the Zhangjiawan city wall became a lively Hui Muslim market because it was near the canal terminal. The three-arch stone bridge over the Empress Xiao River outside the south gate was built by imperial order during the Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty. It still stands today and is the most important historical site in Zhangjiawan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/083k40.jpg)
+
+**Tianmu Village in Tianjin.**
+
+During the Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty, a boatman named Mu Chonghe from Qiantang County, Hangzhou Prefecture, Zhejiang, followed the Prince of Yan, Zhu Di, along the canal to transport grain to Tongzhou. After unloading, he traveled south with the current and settled by the North Canal. He continued working in canal transport, and the Mu family village began to form.
+
+In the second year of the Yongle era of the Ming Dynasty, Tianjin Wei was officially established as a city. The first mosque in Tianjin was built in the Mu family village in the northern suburbs of Tianjin, which later became the Tianmu North Mosque. After the Ming Dynasty, Hui Muslims from places like Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Hebei kept arriving along the canal to settle down, and the Mu family village gradually grew.
+
+During the Ming and early Qing dynasties, most people in the Mu family village made a living from canal transport and were known as boat keepers. By the mid-to-late Qing Dynasty, as canal transport declined, boat owners in the Mu family village began switching to carting and trading. In the late Qing Dynasty, the cattle and sheep industry in Mujiazhuang began to grow. After the Republic of China was established, Hui Muslims from Mujiazhuang opened over one hundred beef and mutton shops across Tianjin.
+
+In 1951, Mujiazhuang and Tianqi Temple merged to form Tianmu Village. In 2009, demolition began in Tianmu Village, and it is now in ruins. Today, the halal snack street is concentrated on Tianmu Shunyi Road.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m8bu8r.jpg)
+
+**Jiayuanli, Tianjin**
+
+After the 1990s, demolition began in Northwest Corner (Xibeijiao), the largest Hui Muslim community in Tianjin. Many Hui Muslims from there moved to Jiayuanli by the North Canal. Starting in 1999, a halal night market opened in Jiayuanli, and the variety of Hui Muslim snacks grew.
+
+Not far into the Jiayuanli community commercial street, I saw a stall selling seaweed rice rolls (gimbap). I bought a box of egg yolk and tuna seaweed rice rolls and a box of beef floss. When I was very young, I used to put a layer of meat floss on my porridge in the morning. I miss that feeling so much. I kept walking inside and bought some fried dough twists (liaohuo) and jujube cake. The jujube cake was incredibly delicious and had such a classic, old-fashioned taste that I felt like all the jujube cake I had eaten over the years was a waste. Then I bought half a jin of vegetable meatballs, half carrot and half dried radish. I ate steamed dumplings at Shiji Jinling Steamed Bun Shop, served with corn grits and rice porridge. The steamed dumplings were absolutely amazing. I ate eight in one go and didn't want to stop. Every time I burped, I could taste the beef filling, which was very satisfying.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/371vxa.jpg)
+
+**Northwest Corner (Xibeijiao), Tianjin**
+
+January and February 2016 were my first two visits to the Northwest Corner of Tianjin. It was these two trips that made me fall in love with this place. The Northwest Corner was once the largest Hui Muslim community in Tianjin. After the city of Tianjin was built, Hui Muslims continuously moved to Tianjin via the canal from places like Anhui, Jiangsu, and Hebei. Some chose to settle in the Northwest Corner of the old city, near the commercially prosperous Beidaguan canal transport hub. During the Shunzhi reign, the Northwest Corner Mosque was built here.
+
+The Northwest Corner was centered around the mosque. Before 1995, halal shops were everywhere, but the Muslim community began to break up after the mid-90s demolitions. After 2007, the Muslim community around the mosque completely disappeared. The current Northwest Corner Hui Muslim community refers to the area around Xiguan North Street, centered on the South Mosque. As soon as you exit the Northwest Corner subway station, you can see the long line at Xiaoli Roasted Chicken. Walking south along Xima Road, you will find one halal food shop after another.
+
+In 2017, the last historic neighborhood remained in the Northwest Corner, the Lingdangge (Bell Pavilion) area built on ruins. At the southern edge of the Lingdangge area is Xiguan Street, which hosts a wild market on weekends, much like the Daliushu market in Beijing, where they sell everything. After walking through the market, you return to the Northwest Corner Hui Muslim community.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/83thuv.jpg)
+
+**Cangzhou, Hebei**
+
+Like many canal cities, Cangzhou has had Hui Muslim merchants settling with their families since the Yuan Dynasty. However, the Cangzhou city of that time was located at the ruins of the Old Prefecture City 20 kilometers to the southeast. During the Jingnan Campaign, the Prince of Yan, Zhu Di, destroyed the entire Old Prefecture City. It was not until the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty that Zhu Di ordered the relocation of Cangzhou city to Changlu by the Grand Canal, moving residents from Shanxi, Shandong, Anhui, and other places to settle there, forming the new Cangzhou city.
+
+The Nanguanxiang area south of the city was an important passage to the canal, and most Hui Muslims, who were mainly artisans and small vendors, chose to live there. During the Yongle reign, Wu Zuoyong from Shexian, Huizhou, Anhui, was appointed as the Assistant Magistrate of the Cangzhou Salt Transport Office and came to Cangzhou, where he donated land south of the city and led the construction of the Cangzhou North Great Mosque, officially forming the Hui Muslim community in Cangzhou. South of the North Great Mosque is the Hui Muslim district in the south of the city, with Minzu Street as its center, lined with all kinds of Hui Muslim snacks. I bought a Liu's pine-flower chicken leg at the east entrance of Minzu Street; it is perfect for rolling in a flatbread (laobing) or eating with a steamed bun (mantou) because the chicken sausage is stuffed with pine-flower eggs. Then I had some tea soup (chatang); the tea soup in Cangzhou came from Tianjin along the canal, but this shop adds more ingredients and has a stronger flavor. I also bought beef buns (niurou baozi), which were very fragrant right out of the steamer. I walked a few steps and bought two bags of five-spice peanuts; the black ones are very addictive when eaten with tea.
+
+Not far to the west of the southern Hui Muslim district is the canal wharf, where many Hui Muslims once made a living directly from water transport. The wealthiest boat owners rented out their vessels or hired people for grain transport, ordinary small boat owners made a living by ferrying, and the poorest Hui Muslims survived by pulling boats along the riverbank or carrying cargo at the docks.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vqdlp6.jpg)
+
+**Botou, Hebei**
+
+Botou sits along the canal south of Cangzhou. During the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty, a regional administrative office was established here to manage grain transport between Tianjin and Dezhou, and Botou gradually became an important canal town. Like Cangzhou, Botou suffered heavy damage during the Jingnan Campaign, and its population dropped sharply. During the Yongle reign, many Hui Muslims came to settle in Botou. Because the number of Hui Muslims increased, a mosque was built in Botou that year. Afterward, more Hui Muslims moved in from Shandong, Shanxi, and Anhui, and the Hui Muslim community in Botou was officially formed.
+
+During the Qing Dynasty and the Republican era, the most famous halal restaurants in Botou were Taiheguan on Shunhe Street, which opened during the Tongzhi reign, Shunfuguan and Xingshenghe on Gulou Street, which opened during the Guangxu reign, and Xiyuguan on East Street. The small and medium-sized restaurants around Shunhe Street were all halal, offering a wide variety of halal snacks.
+
+Before 1957, local shipping in Botou was mainly operated by Hui Muslims, divided into two trades: those who worked the boats and those who owned them. Those who worked the boats were the crew and trackers, while those who owned them were the boat owners. Some ferried passengers across the river, some transported fertilizer for villages along the river, and others operated long-distance transport routes from Tianjin in the north to Xinxiang, Henan in the south. Before 1965, the canal section in Botou had plenty of water. In the early summer of 1965, the canal dried up for the first time. After that, the water level decreased year by year, and by the first half of the 1970s, it was nearly dry, ending shipping in Botou.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m1cz0s.jpg)
+
+**Dezhou, Shandong**
+
+The first thing I wanted to see on this trip to Dezhou was the Tomb of the Sultan of Sulu from the Philippines. The Sulu Archipelago is located in the far southwest of the Philippines, right next to the easternmost part of Malaysia. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, as maritime trade in the Indian Ocean flourished, Islam spread along the Maritime Silk Road to the Sulu Archipelago, where the Sulu Sultanate was established. During the Yongle reign, three chieftains from the Sulu Kingdom led a delegation to visit the Ming Dynasty. While traveling back and passing near Dezhou, the Eastern King suddenly fell ill and passed away. Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty buried the Eastern King of Sulu with royal honors and built the Tomb of the Eastern King of Sulu north of Dezhou city.
+
+After the Eastern King of Sulu died, his eldest son returned home to take the throne, while his second son Andulu, third son Wenhala, and Queen Gemuning stayed behind to guard the tomb. Their descendants took the surnames An and Wen, gradually forming Beiying Village in Dezhou. During the Wanli era, the descendants of the Sulu King built a mosque southwest of the Sulu King's tomb. In 1917, the canal burst its banks, washing away the mosque and the entire Beiying Village. It was rebuilt in 1940, becoming the Republic of China-era building seen today.
+
+During the Yongzheng era, the descendants of the Sulu King changed their status from immigrants to Dezhou citizens and began opening halal snack shops in the bustling canal markets of Dezhou. Today, southwest of Beiying Village, there is still a braised chicken shop (paji dian) run by descendants of the An family. A new Beiying Ethnic Customs Street has been built next to the Sulu King's tomb, featuring a beef and mutton shop run by descendants of the Wen family, as well as a Li family whole lamb soup (quanyang tang) shop.
+
+Strolling from Beiying Village to Qiaokou Street, you reach what was the busiest canal market in Dezhou during the Ming and Qing dynasties, located next to the Hui Muslim village of Xiaoguoshi. Xiaoguoshi was the place where pots were unloaded at the canal docks in the past, and there is also a renovated mosque here. There is also a Nanying Hui Muslim Street in the south of Dezhou city, and we visited the Dezhou Nanying Mosque before dark.
+
+As the intersection of the Jinpu Railway and the Grand Canal, Dezhou is one of the few cities along the canal that has preserved a large number of modern industrial relics, which is very rare. Along the canal, you can see a 1940s water supply station and power plant machine room, 1950s loading docks, warehouses, and textile company watchtowers, as well as a 1960s dock dispatch building. The most spectacular site is the industrial heritage park, Jiulongwan Park, built on the foundation of the Dezhou First Water Plant, where everyone can see firsthand how tap water was produced in the 1950s.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/axxya0.jpg)
+
+**Linqing, Shandong**
+
+To transport grain from the south to the north, Yuan Emperor Kublai Khan ordered the original Sui and Tang Grand Canal to be straightened. He had the Huitong River dug in Shandong to connect the northern and southern sections of the Grand Canal. Linqing, located at the intersection of the Huitong River and the Yongji Canal of the Sui and Tang dynasties, suddenly became a canal hub, and Hui Muslims began moving to Linqing from then on. After the brick city wall was built in Linqing during the Ming Dynasty, the 'Zhongzhou' area, surrounded by two tributaries of the Wei and Wen rivers southwest of the city, became the most prosperous commercial district in Linqing. Zhongzhou is traversed from north to south by a long street, which is also where the Hui Muslims of Linqing are most concentrated.
+
+The North Mosque (Qingzhen Beisi) in Linqing is arguably as grand as the East Mosque (Qingzhen Dongsi) in Jining, making them the two most magnificent mosques in Shandong. It was first built during the Hongzhi reign of the Ming Dynasty and is currently undergoing major renovations. Across from it stands the Linqing East Mosque, also built in the Ming Dynasty. It is slightly smaller than the North Mosque and has been closed for major repairs since 2013, so I only saw the exterior this time. To the south, there is also a women's mosque (qingzhen nusi) founded during the Republic of China era. It became a wholesale market warehouse after the 1980s and was rebuilt in 2010.
+
+There are three sections of the Grand Canal within Linqing, which were built during the Sui, Yuan, and Ming dynasties respectively. A large number of canal locks and bridges from the Yuan and Ming periods are still preserved today. The old Yuan Dynasty river has the Linqing Lock and Huitong Lock, while the new Ming Dynasty river has the Ban Lock and Zhuan Lock. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Tianqiao Bridge and Yuejing Bridge were built over the old Yuan river. Together with the canal tax office (chaoguan), these form the Linqing canal transport heritage site group.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nvuiy4.jpg)
+
+**Liaocheng, Shandong**
+
+After Kublai Khan, the Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, ordered the construction of the Huitong River from Xucheng to Linqing to connect the northern and southern parts of the Grand Canal, Liaocheng became a major canal town, even if it was not as important as Linqing. The Dongguan area between Liaocheng and the canal became a busy and bustling district. Hui Muslims kept moving here to settle, forming the Liaocheng Dongguan Hui Muslim district.
+
+After the Ming Emperor Chengzu, Zhu Di, moved the capital to Beijing, he relied heavily on the Grand Canal to transport grain from the south to the north. Liaocheng entered its golden age, and the large and small mosques in Dongguan were first built during the Hongwu and Yongle reigns.
+
+Walking south along the canal from Liaocheng Dongguan, there are two docks, one large and one small. The large dock was a government transport dock, also called the Chongwu Post Dock. Back then, the ships waiting to unload stretched for miles, a scene known as the 'Chongwu continuous masts'. The small dock was originally a private dock for merchants. These two sites are precious relics of the Grand Canal in the urban area of Liaocheng.
+
+South of Dongguan Street is the Mishi Street historical district. Paved with blue stone, it is one of the few remaining historical districts in the old city of Liaocheng. Grain shops used to gather here. At its peak, there were dozens of them, with busy daily trade and a constant stream of carts and people on the street. The historical district of the large and small mosque streets north of Dongguan Road in Liaocheng has been demolished more severely than Mishi Street, but it has not been completely wiped out like the areas inside the city.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bmquk2.jpg)
+
+**Jining, Shandong.**
+
+After the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal opened in the Yuan Dynasty, the government sent canal-support troops to Jining to guard and farm the land. Many of these soldiers were Hui Muslims from the Semu class. They built two mosques in Jining at the time, the Old East Mosque and the Old West Mosque. After the Yuan Dynasty fell, the canal-support troops in Jining surrendered to Xu Da and Chang Yuchun. Most of them were settled locally and began living together along the banks of the Yuehe River, south of Jining city.
+
+During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the Huitong River reopened and business in Jining began to thrive. The Hui Muslims living in the southern gate area built a new East Great Mosque, which is the current Shunhe East Great Mosque. The current Shunhe East Great Mosque keeps the look it had after its renovation during the Qianlong period and is one of the most impressive mosques along the canal.
+
+At the end of the Ming Dynasty, an outer city was built in Jining, and the Hui Muslim communities were all near this outer wall. Before the old city was renovated, it was known as the 53 Hui Muslim streets and alleys. The Hui Muslim population was most concentrated outside the Small South Gate in Liuhang, where they made up over 80 percent of the residents.
+
+Besides the East Great Mosque, Jining also has the Liuhang East Mosque, which was built during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. When we visited, the place was empty. A cat led us around to see every spot, which felt like a special encounter.
+
+Jining has both an old and a new canal. The old canal is the Jizhou River, which was dug during the Yuan Dynasty. The new Liangji Canal was built between the late 1950s and early 1960s. After the 1970s, sections of the canal in Tianjin, Hebei, and northern Shandong stopped shipping due to low water levels. Jining became the northernmost point for shipping on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/20kz7o.jpg)
+
+**Xuzhou, Jiangsu.**
+
+After the Grand Canal was completed in the Yuan Dynasty, Xuzhou became a hub for the canal because it was both a place for civilian boats to deliver grain and a transfer point for government troops. However, because the canal used the Yellow River as its path, the Xuzhou section was often hit by silt and damage from Yellow River floods. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, a new canal route was opened that bypassed Xuzhou and connected through Pizhou. Pizhou then replaced Xuzhou as the canal hub.
+
+Today, Xuzhou is not really a canal-based Hui Muslim community, but rather a railway-based Hui Muslim community. After the Republic of China was founded, Xuzhou became a hub for the Jinpu and Longhai railways, attracting many Hui Muslims. In 1916, merchants, railway staff, and postal workers pooled their money to build the Travelers' Mosque (Lvxu Qingzhensi) for visiting Hui Muslims to perform namaz. In 1949, it was renamed Jianguo Road Mosque, which is what it is called today.
+
+Next to the Jianguo Road Mosque, there is a deli and a pastry shop. At the pastry shop, I bought chestnut pastries (lizisu), walnut cookies (taosu), sesame crisps (mapianer), and honey-filled horn pastries (yangjiaomi). Taikang Hui Muslim Food Store is a century-old halal shop in Xuzhou, and the owner is a Hui Muslim from Jining. I bought many things at Taikang, including rose mung bean cakes (meigui lvdougao), honey-soaked sponge cakes (mizhi fenggao), egg rolls (danjuan), salted osmanthus sauce (xian guihua jiang), and rose sauce (meigui jiang). Another old halal brand is Feng Tianxing. It was founded in Nanjing during the Qianlong reign and later moved to Xuzhou, where it became a local halal institution. I bought duck tongues, duck livers, and dried tofu (dougan) here. They were all delicious, especially the duck tongues, which were incredibly fragrant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ye6fiw.jpg)
+
+**Huai'an, Jiangsu**
+
+The Hui Muslim community in Huai'an is divided into three areas: Qingjiangpu, Hexia, and Wangjiaying. Qingjiangpu was renovated during the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty. It featured the Qingjiang Grand Sluice, the miles-long Changying Granary, and the massive Qingjiang Shipyard, where grain transport ships from all provinces were built and repaired. Because navigating the Yellow River section of the canal was very dangerous, many merchants chose to leave their boats at Qingjiangpu. This turned Qingjiangpu into a transport hub where people switched from boats in the south to horses in the north. Since the Ming Dynasty, Hui Muslims have done business on Yuehe Street in front of the Qingjiang Sluice. This gradually formed the Yuehe Street Hui Muslim community, with the Qingjiang Mosque at its center.
+
+Traveling south along the canal from Qingjiangpu, you reach the ancient town of Hexia, located not far northwest of the Huai'an prefectural city. In the late Ming Dynasty, many salt merchants from the northwest and Anhui came to northern Huai to work in the salt industry. The regional salt transport office was located in Hexia at the time. The wealth brought by these merchants made Hexia a booming commercial center, and many Hui Muslims settled there, forming the Hexia Hui Muslim community.
+
+Wangjiaying, now called Wangying, sits between the old Yellow River bed and the Salt River. It survived multiple Yellow River floods and moved its town center three times to the east to reach its current location. Because travel along the Yellow River section of the canal was slow, many merchants chose to cross the Yellow River at Wangjiaying and switch to horse-drawn carriages to continue north. Wangjiaying became more and more prosperous in the early Qing Dynasty. Hui Muslims kept moving here to settle, and they built the Wangjiaying mosque during the Yongzheng reign.
+
+During the Daoguang reign, the salt trade system changed. Wangjiaying's Xiba replaced Hexia Town as the new hub for Huai salt, and salt boats arrived one after another every day. In the late Daoguang years, the Wangjiaying mosque moved to the south bank of the Salt River. It was burned down by the Nian Army during the Xianfeng reign, rebuilt during the Tongzhi reign, and became one of the nine branch halls of the Jahriyya Banqiao Daotang.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wgdtbg.jpg)
+
+**Gaoyou and Lingtang, Jiangsu.**
+
+Gaoyou Mosque is a very beautiful traditional mosque. It is small and delicate, with the charm of a water town. The exact founding date of the mosque is unknown, but there is an ancient cypress tree in the courtyard that is over two hundred years old. In 1864 (the third year of the Tongzhi reign), local elders Ma Guixing, Liu Xingtian, and Ma Hongxing rebuilt the mosque. The gate now has a stone carving that says it was rebuilt in the middle of winter in the second year of the Tongzhi reign. It was a pity that the mosque gate was locked when we arrived. We asked at a nearby noodle shop, and they said it only opens for Jumu'ah prayers. It seems we will have to wait for another chance to visit inside.
+
+At noon, we took a taxi from Gaoyou to Lingtang Hui Muslim Township. Lingtang is the only Hui Muslim township in Jiangsu, home to the four major surnames: Yang, Xue, Li, and Sha. One branch of the Yang family moved here from Suzhou at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and another branch moved from Suzhou during the Qing Dynasty. The Xue family moved here from Xuebeizhuang in Gaoyou during the Qing Dynasty, later converted to Islam, and for generations have mostly only married into the Yang family. The Sha surname is said to come from the Persian word "Shah" and are descendants of Persian ancestors from Huihuiwan in the Yuan Dynasty.
+
+We ate at Huixianglou Restaurant, having salted goose, stir-fried bitter buckwheat chips with egg yolk, amaranth with fava beans, and beef wing soup, all of which are local specialties. The founder of Huixianglou, Yang Yangui, opened a halal restaurant on the old street of Lingtang Bridge in 1969. It moved to its current location in 2010 and specializes in Lingtang salted goose from Gaoyou Lake.
+
+A mosque was built at "Huihuiwan" by the side of Gaoyou Lake during the late Yuan Dynasty, but it was later destroyed by a flood. The mosque moved to Yangdazhuang in the mid-Ming Dynasty, then to its current site in the early Qing Dynasty. It was rebuilt in 1844 (the 24th year of the Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty), expanded again in 1921, and completed in 1924.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ktnia3.jpg)
+
+**Yangzhou, Jiangsu**
+
+Since the Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou has been a major commercial hub in the southeast, attracting many merchants from Arabia and Persia. The Extensive Records of the Taiping Era (Taiping Guangji) contains many stories about foreign merchants in Yangzhou. While most are quite exotic, they provide a vivid picture of Persian merchants in Yangzhou at that time. Yangzhou city suffered heavy damage during the wars at the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties period, and most of the original foreign merchants scattered. After the Song Dynasty, these foreign merchants gradually changed from expatriates to locally born residents, beginning a process of localization.
+
+Yangzhou's most famous Crane Mosque (Xianhe Si) and the Hui Muslim Hall (Puhading Tomb) were both built during the transition between the Song and Yuan dynasties. During the Xianchun years of the Southern Song Dynasty, People say Puha Ding, a 16th-generation descendant of the Prophet, came to Yangzhou and built the Crane Mosque (Xianhe Si). After he passed away, he was buried on a high ridge east of the Dongguan River in the new city, which is now the Puha Ding Cemetery.
+
+The Song Dynasty set up a guesthouse at the south gate of Yangzhou. The area outside the south gate developed into a new settlement for Muslim merchants, and a mosque was built there. The main hall was not demolished until 1984. After Zhu Yuanzhang captured Yangzhou, the tombstones from the Muslim cemetery outside the south gate were built into the city's south gate defense tower. When the south gate defense tower was demolished during the Republic of China era, four Yuan Dynasty Muslim tombstones were found in the city foundation. They are now kept in the Puha Ding Cemetery and are precious relics of the Muslims in Yuan Dynasty Yangzhou.
+
+After the Qianlong reign, Yangzhou had six mosques. The three inside the city were the Crane Mosque on Nanmen Street, the Majian Lane Mosque, and the Xiejia Bridge Mosque. The three outside the city were the Hui Muslim Hall (inside the Puha Ding Cemetery) east of the Dongguan River, the South Gate Mosque, and the Chaoguan Mosque. Today, only the Crane Mosque and the Dongguan Hui Muslim Hall remain open, while the Majian Lane Mosque has been turned into a private residence.
+
+During the Republic of China era, there were nearly 20,000 Hui Muslims living in the six mosque districts of Yangzhou, with Sha, Ma, Ha, Sa, and Da as the five major surnames. At that time, there were more than ten famous halal restaurants in Yangzhou. The most famous was the Tianxing Restaurant, which was frequently visited by everyone from scholars and writers to salt merchants and officials. The Tianxing Restaurant eventually closed in the 1950s.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8piyee.jpg)
+
+**Zhenjiang, Jiangsu**
+
+The original meeting point of the Grand Canal, built by Emperor Yang of Sui, was called Dajingkou. In 1029 (the seventh year of the Tiansheng era of the Song Dynasty), a new canal was dug east of the old one, and the point where this new canal met the Yangtze River was named Xiaojingkou. After the New Canal was dug, it gradually became an important hub for grain transport, and Xinhe Street formed along the riverbank. After Zhenjiang opened as a treaty port in 1861, Xinhe Street became even more prosperous, with all kinds of shops opening up. In the 1920s, the Yihewani sect of Islam reached Shanghai. Some Hui Muslims from Zhenjiang who moved to Shanghai adopted these teachings, and in 1930, they built an Yihewani mosque on Xinhe Street. At that time, the new and old sects lived in peace and operated side by side. After the 1950s, the Xinhe Street mosque was taken over by a factory, but the Jiangnan-style courtyard architecture remains today.
+
+Walking southwest from Xinhe Street leads to the Shanxiang Mosque. Shanxiang Mosque is also known as the Chengxi Mosque. It was expanded during the Kangxi reign, destroyed during the Xianfeng reign, and rebuilt during the Tongzhi reign. After Zhenjiang opened as a treaty port, the area outside the West Gate became a busy commercial district. The establishment of the British concession and the opening of the Shanghai-Nanjing railway brought a steady stream of Hui Muslims who came to trade and settled around the Shanxiang Mosque.
+
+Besides the Shanxiang Mosque, Zhenjiang once had another mosque on Jianzi Lane. The Jianzi Lane Mosque was originally called the Gurun Mosque. It was first built on Ren'an Lane in Fumin Street, destroyed at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt in the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty, moved to Jianzi Lane inside the city during the Wanli reign, and finally destroyed in the 1970s or 1980s. A new Gurun Mosque was built on Xuefu Road in 2005. The stone tablet from the Wanli reconstruction, the ancient well railing, and three Qing Dynasty reconstruction tablets from the original Jianzi Lane Mosque are preserved in the courtyard.
+
+to the relics from the Jianzi Lane Mosque, the Gurun Mosque also houses an Arabic orientation tablet from the kiln hall of the mosque outside the South Gate of Zhenjiang. The South Gate Mosque was at the east end of Miaojia Lane. It is believed to have been built in the early Qing Dynasty and was destroyed by war in 1937.
+
+Although Jianzi Lane Mosque has disappeared, the Hui Muslims who once lived around the mosque have not. The area around Jianzi Lane still has the highest concentration of halal restaurants in Zhenjiang. Yong'an Road is not far south of Jianzi Lane. The street is lively and full of snacks, and there are five halal restaurants.
+
+Finally, we went to the Jiangbin vegetable market and found the last halal tea snack shop in Zhenjiang, Jianxiang Halal Food Factory. The owner, Ma Jian, used to work at the Zhenjiang Pastry Factory. After he was laid off in 1995, he opened Jianxiang Halal Food Factory himself. The owner's wife recommended their famous cloud-slice cake (yunpiangao), the Zhenjiang-style navel-shaped pastry (jingjiangqi), and egg crisps (jindanshu). The cloud-slice cake was especially delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mbau7s.jpg)
+
+**Jiaxing, Zhejiang**
+
+After the Jingkang Incident and the Song Dynasty moved south, Jiaxing, located near the capital Lin'an, began to prosper. During the Song Dynasty, the government set up a maritime trade office at Ganpu Port in Jiaxing. Many Hui Muslim merchants settled on Luli Street in the southeast of the city. Goods were transferred here before being shipped to the capital, Lin'an, and Luli Street gradually became known as the Hui Muslim Street. After the Yuan Dynasty conquered the Song, they stationed a large number of Hui troops near the Southern Song capital of Lin'an. After the Ming Dynasty, Hui Muslim soldiers and foreign guests gradually assimilated and became the Hui Muslims. Jiaxing became home to several large families with the surnames Xu, Guo, Jin, Sha, Ma, and Yang, and they built the Jiaxing Mosque during the Wanli era.
+
+However, during the Xianfeng era, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom army occupied Jiaxing and burned the Hui Muslim district to the ground. The surviving Hui Muslims fled in all directions, and the Hui Muslim community in Jiaxing disappeared. It was not until the early 20th century that Hui Muslims from Henan and Shandong moved south to Jiaxing to escape poverty, and a residential area gradually formed again around the mosque. Among these Hui Muslims, half were from the Han family who came from Tuocheng, Henan, and they were known as the wealthy Han family.
+
+The Henan Muslims who moved to Jiaxing also brought the tradition of the Henan halal girls' school with them. The Jiaxing Halal Girls' School began in 1942, and its first principal was Yang Huizhen. In 1946, Yang Huizhen founded the Jiaxing Islamic Orphanage and Nursing Home to provide care for the elderly, weak, women, and children.
+
+At noon, we ate at the Siruchun Halal Restaurant on Yuehe Street in Jiaxing. We ordered fruit rice ball soup (shuiguoyuanzigeng), crab roe tofu, Indian aster (malantou), and Bai family smoked fish (baojiabaoyu). It was authentic and delicious Jiaxing food, making this trip well worth it! The founder of Siruchun was Bai Tisheng, a Hui Muslim from Henan. He started selling braised meat (jiangrou), steamed buns (baozi), and pan-fried pancakes (jianbing) in Jiaxing during the Republic of China era. At the end of 1938, Bai Tisheng opened the Siruchun halal stir-fry restaurant. It was the most famous halal stir-fry restaurant in Jiaxing during the 1930s and 1940s.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c1i5cf.jpg)
+
+**Hangzhou, Zhejiang**
+
+Starting in the Yuan Dynasty, many Muslims came to settle in Hangzhou. They were mostly Persians, along with Persianized Central Asian Turks. They held high social status and lived wealthy lives, forming a bustling Muslim community in the center of Hangzhou.
+
+During the Yuan Dynasty, Hangzhou had three mosques: True Religion Mosque (Zhenjiaosi), Hui Muslim Prayer Hall (Huihui Baifotang), and Hui mosque (Huihuishi Libaisi). Zhenjiao Mosque is the same as Phoenix Mosque (Fenghuang Si). It was rebuilt in the Yuan Dynasty and has remained until today. The rear main hall is the only remaining Yuan Dynasty structure of the Phoenix Mosque. It is narrow from east to west and wide from north to south, maintaining the traditions of early West Asian mosques.
+
+Jujing Garden, located by West Lake outside the Qingbo Gate in Hangzhou, was purchased by Muslims after the Yuan Dynasty to use as a cemetery. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, this place was called the 'Foreigner's Grave' (fanhui jiamu) or 'Hui Muslim Grave' (huihui fen). During the Republic of China era, it was known as the 'South Garden Islamic Cemetery' (nanyuan huijiao gongmu) or 'Islamic Public Cemetery' (huijiao yizhong), and it remained there until it was moved in 1953. During the relocation of the Hui Muslim tombs, dozens of Yuan Dynasty tombstones with Arabic and Persian inscriptions were discovered. Some are now kept in the stele gallery of Phoenix Mosque.
+
+There are two remaining sites at the former location of the Hui Muslim cemetery. One is the tomb of Bahtiyar, a Central Asian military officer from the Yuan Dynasty, which was unearthed in the 1920s when Hangzhou's city walls were demolished. It has now been built into the Bahtiyar Tomb Garden for Hui Muslim ancestors. The other is the tomb pavilion and tomb cover stone of Ding Henian, a famous Hui Muslim poet from the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1nvrqp.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing_Tongzhou_Nanguan___Hui_Muslim_Quarter_and_Food.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing_Tongzhou_Nanguan___Hui_Muslim_Quarter_and_Food.md
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+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Beijing Tongzhou Nanguan — Hui Muslim Quarter and Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2163"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2163"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:02Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "96087524673ffb656904db5b7a6119f361c30ffec29c19f591d238a280bfd36a"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Beijing Tongzhou Nanguan — Hui Muslim Quarter and Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Beijing Tongzhou Nanguan — Hui Muslim Quarter and Food is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: I visited Nanguan in Tongzhou twice in January and November 2016 to eat and explore, and I recorded what the area looked like back then. The account keeps its focus on Tongzhou Nanguan, Hui Muslims, Beijing Halal Food while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+I visited Nanguan in Tongzhou twice in January and November 2016 to eat and explore, and I recorded what the area looked like back then. Later, Nanguan went through renovations, and it looks completely different from the photos I took at the time.
+
+**The formation of the Hui Muslim district in Tongzhou Nanguan**
+
+In 1292 (the 29th year of the Zhiyuan era of the Yuan Dynasty), Guo Shoujing oversaw the digging of the Tonghui Canal, which ran directly from Jishuitan in Dadu to the Luhe River in Tongzhou, making Tongzhou an important hub for grain transport. As canal transport flourished, many Hui Muslims moved to Tongzhou and began forming a community in Nanguan.
+
+In 1368 (the first year of the Hongwu era), the Ming Dynasty built the Tongzhou city wall, expanding it nearly twice as far south as the Yuan Dynasty city and including the Hui Muslim community of Nanguan within it. The Ming Dynasty Tongzhou city had four gates, including the south gate called Yingxun Gate, and the South Main Street inside the gate and the Eighteen and a Half Alleys (Shiba Jieban Hutong) on the east side were officially formed.
+
+Because South Main Street was the main road for transporting grain from the Grand Canal wharf outside the north gate to the two major granaries in the east and center of Tongzhou, it was very busy during the Ming and Qing dynasties and was filled with all kinds of shops. According to the "Essentials of Tong County Annals" from the 30th year of the Republic of China, there were eight major Hui Muslim surnames in Tongzhou: Jin, Ju, Bao, Wan, Du, Min, Kang, and Lan, with a population of seven hundred households.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zlkkyz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o55eqx.jpg)
+
+**This intersection is where the old Tongzhou South Gate used to be.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cyk7wd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y89h2n.jpg)
+
+**South Gate Main Street still keeps its historical width.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l5kv7e.jpg)
+
+**Street view of Tongzhou South Main Street.**
+
+Tongzhou South Main Street is full of halal snacks.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1t1py9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6aufd8.jpg)
+
+Crispy fried dough squares (gezhihe) are a specialty of eastern Beijing, and we have loved eating them since we were kids.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0zecs2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zlegqh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ramhpx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wi8kao.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lib2tb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0ncp05.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m8a2zs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/il9cl8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lnae87.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zohk51.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jet4pl.jpg)
+
+**Guishunzhai**
+
+I wandered over to Guishunzhai to buy brown sugar sesame cakes (tanghuoshao). Guishunzhai was opened by Master Li Chen, the former deputy factory manager of the original Dashunzhai, after he retired. It keeps the old Dashunzhai techniques and is the most authentic halal pastry shop in Tongzhou. Their small round cakes (dun'er bobo) are also especially delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fm3yfi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/03bx0l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d2mfjl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9h2upr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cdftk2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kb48jn.jpg)
+
+**Dashunzhai**
+
+The current state-run Dashunzhai food store still exists, with its main shop on Xinhua East Street, and it is also sold on Niujie and in major supermarkets.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ccbkvn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q8148p.jpg)
+
+Regarding Tongzhou Dashunzhai, Mr. Zhang Zhongxing once recalled it in his book "Fragments of Passing Years":
+
+There was a halal pastry shop at Niushikou called Dashunzhai. They had two types of pastries, dun'er bobo and tanghuoshao, which, to use today's advertising language, were world-famous. Without bragging, they were at least famous far and wide. There is proof from travelers' ears: when I was a student, the long-distance bus would stop outside the South Gate of the new city, and a group of vendors would always surround it, shouting, "Dun'er bobo and tanghuoshao, from Dashunzhai!" encouraging passengers to buy them to take to other places. There is also proof from our own cravings; we really wanted to eat them often, but unfortunately, our pockets were empty, so we mostly just drooled and rarely got to eat them. More than half a century has passed, and the Dashunzhai brand still exists. I assume it changed from a small handicraft business to a large factory, and there are even many places in Beijing that sell their products on consignment. It is a pity that they stopped walking on two legs and now only walk on one, as they no longer produce dun'er bobo. As for the tanghuoshao, they have gone from exquisite to ordinary, so it does not really matter if you eat them or not.
+
+Additionally, the famous Beijing scholar Wang Yongbin wrote about Liu Dashun, the founder of Dashunzhai, in his book "Beijing's Suburban Towns and Old Brands":
+
+After Liu Dashun settled in Tongzhou, his whole family worked together to start their family pastry business. Liu Dashun bought the raw materials, his family made the pastries, and every morning he went to the fish market north of the lock bridge to sell them to vendors, while he sold the rest along the street in the afternoon. The tanghuoshao and savory sesame cakes (xianhuoshao) made by Liu Dashun were especially popular. He could sell as many as he made every day, and the tanghuoshao in particular were always in short supply.
+
+The raw materials for making tanghuoshao include white flour, vegetable oil, brown sugar, sesame paste, osmanthus, and alkaline water. Liu Dashun was not afraid to spend more money to use good white flour, small-mill sesame oil, and good brown sugar. Moreover, the ingredients had to be added in specific proportions. The finished tanghuoshao had to be a deep brown color and have just the right sweetness. When placed on a porcelain plate, a layer of oil would soon float on the plate.
+
+**Eighteen and a Half Alleys (Shiba Jieban Hutong)**
+
+Turn off South Street into the last historic neighborhood of Tongzhou.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/91jc7y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rsudl1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/suw4bn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1o6psd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4bhmyh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iba2wv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/asaije.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rr07lr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9jp0uv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ecfns3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/15rfdn.jpg)
+
+**Tongzhou Mosque**
+
+Tongzhou Mosque was built during the Yanyou era of the Yuan Dynasty (1314–1320) and was originally named Chaozhen Mosque. It was renovated in 1516 (the 11th year of the Zhengde era of the Ming Dynasty) and expanded in 1593 (the 21st year of the Wanli era), when it was renamed the Mosque.
+
+Tongzhou Mosque opened a charity school during the Daoguang era, a mosque university in 1933, and the Muguang Primary School in the 1940s, which was renamed Hui Muslims Primary School after 1949. In 1963, the movie "Fighting in the Ancient City in the Wildfire and Spring Breeze" was filmed here, at which time the mosque's layout was still complete.
+
+During the 1960s and 1970s, the mosque was occupied by the Civil Affairs Bureau's welfare factory for the disabled and suffered severe damage. The archway, screen wall, hanging flower gate, minaret (bangkelou), side gate, the fourth section of the prayer hall, and the moon-viewing platform were all demolished. The south lecture hall and south water room were torn down to build a two-story red brick building, and machines were installed inside the prayer hall.
+
+The factory moved out in 1982. The Beijing Ethnic Affairs Committee began repairs without reporting to the cultural relics department, building a gate that ruined the original style and tearing off the well-mouth ceiling to replace it with wax-paper decorations. The cultural relics department later discovered this and stopped it, preserving the original well-mouth antique paintings in the south porch of the third section.
+
+In 1998, a replica ancient women's mosque was built in the south courtyard of the main courtyard, and the screen wall, hanging flower gate, and minaret were rebuilt in 2006.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ajeo4c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/affhjf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dm8go3.jpg)
+
+**The gate of Tongzhou Mosque in "Fighting in the Ancient City in the Wildfire and Spring Breeze".**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2ewiba.jpg)
+
+**The gate of Tongzhou Mosque in "Fighting in the Ancient City in the Wildfire and Spring Breeze".**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6prsk6.jpg)
+
+**The gate of Tongzhou Mosque in "Fighting in the Ancient City in the Wildfire and Spring Breeze".**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kg5uro.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/95u7mu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c3ip1f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xr23ap.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bgz920.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b8vnjs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/si0ojl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/opjk3x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0qk9wc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/68oti7.jpg)
+
+**Here are some photos I recently took of Tongzhou Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2otsty.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p54gx7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x1el08.jpg)
+
+This is a rare example of an early mosque building that uses the corbeling technique to construct a kiln-style dome; most kiln-style roofs after the Qing Dynasty were converted into wooden pavilion-style structures.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y25ckt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/085hed.jpg)
+
+**The brick carvings of Arabic calligraphy are beautiful and rare.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a9muj0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b4fckv.jpg)
+
+**These early stone carvings have been preserved with great difficulty.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xeb4px.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2wkusg.jpg)
+
+**Xiaolou Restaurant**
+
+Xiaolou Restaurant is at the north entrance of Tongzhou South Street. It is likely the most famous halal restaurant in Tongzhou, best known for its braised catfish (shaonianyu) caught in the Grand Canal.
+
+Xiaolou was originally named Yihexuan and was founded by the Li brothers in 1900. It started with one storefront for production and one for sales, with two connected sections. Because customers crowded the doors, the shop expanded to two storefronts and the dining area to six rooms, with an extra room built on the roof. Because it was smaller than the Qing'anlou Restaurant to the south, it was called Xiaolou (Small Building).
+
+During the Republic of China era, the Li family created a famous dish called braised catfish. They took catfish from the canal, removed the head and tail, coated them in a thin layer of mung bean starch, fried them in pure sesame oil, and then braised them with seasonings, making them crispy on the outside and tender on the inside.
+
+In 1921, taking advantage of the bankruptcy of Qing'anlou to the south, the Li family rebuilt the shop into a two-story building and named it Xiaolou. After the public-private partnership in 1956, the roof was renovated. Xiaolou was demolished in 1985, and the current Xiaolou Restaurant was built to the southeast of the original site.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g84e13.jpg)
+
+Xiaolou Restaurant before its demolition in 1985.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yuy3h7.jpg)
+
+Zhang Zhongxing wrote about Xiaolou Restaurant in "Fragments of Passing Years":
+
+Besides the sugar-filled sesame cakes (tanghuoshao), there was another dish famous at least in the local area: Xiaolou's braised catfish, or braised catfish and beef pie. Xiaolou is the common name; the official name was Yihexuan. It was located east of the road at the south entrance of the cattle market. Because the shop had two floors, it was commonly called Xiaolou. The catfish came from the canal. After being braised, the meat was white and the outside was crispy, which was very delicious. Beef pie was a common food, but the ingredients and craftsmanship were refined. Back then, it was a treat that people loved but could not eat often. I must also mention a regret: in the 1960s and later, I ate both the beef pie and the braised catfish there. The fish changed from canal-caught to farm-raised, and perhaps the cooking skills changed too. In short, the color, aroma, and taste all declined significantly. The beef pancake (niurou bing) is the same, rough and not very tasty. In short, it is not what it used to be.
+
+Mr. Wang Yongbin introduces the Xiaolou Restaurant in his book, Beijing's Suburbs and Old Brands.
+
+Xiaolou is a halal restaurant serving everyday food, including rice, steamed buns (mantou), twisted rolls (huajuan), stir-fried lamb (pao yangrou), stir-fried trio (pao sanyang), beef stew (dun niurou), white lamb head meat (bai yangtou rou), lamb offal soup (yangzasui), fried meat strips (zha songrou), fried date and fruit rolls (zha zaojuanguo), roasted lamb (shao yangrou), hot pot lamb (shuan yangrou), braised catfish (shao nianyu), and beef pancakes. The braised catfish and beef pancakes are the most famous, especially the braised catfish, which is one of the Three Treasures of Tongzhou.
+
+Catfish (nianyu) has a lot of meat and few bones, and it tastes great, especially when it is fresh. This type of catfish breeds in the North Canal of Tongzhou, and Xiaolou Restaurant buys live catfish from the fish market to keep in large basins for later use. When a customer orders braised catfish, they take it from the basin and cook it immediately to keep the dish fresh and tasty. The freshness of the catfish combined with the skill of the Xiaolou chefs ensures the fish is cleaned well, with the head and tail removed, using only the middle section. They coat the catfish in starch and fry it in a pan of sesame oil, turning it over and over to fry it three times. They pour out the oil, add a little water to the pan, then add chopped green onion, ginger, garlic, salt, and other seasonings to stew the fish briefly so it absorbs the flavor before placing it on a porcelain plate. They thicken the sauce and pour it over the catfish. The delicious braised catfish is ready. The braised catfish at Xiaolou Restaurant is golden on the outside, crispy on the outside and tender on the inside, with great shape, color, and taste, making it a signature dish in Tongzhou.
+
+Although the beef pancake at Xiaolou Restaurant is not as famous as the catfish, it cannot be matched by other restaurants in Tongzhou. The beef pancake at Xiaolou Restaurant has a thin crust, a large filling, is cooked through with oil, and is served with high-quality rice vinegar, which really brings out the flavor. It is also cheap and very popular with regular customers.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p2skv5.jpg)
+
+**Braised catfish today.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c8hccz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/epnt97.jpg)
+
+Cultural relics collected by Xiaolou Restaurant, the Old Hui Muslim (lao huihui) plaque and the water pitcher (tangping) plaque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/19eb08.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x5tsha.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing___Sheng_Hui_Gathering_and_Hui_Muslim_Community.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing___Sheng_Hui_Gathering_and_Hui_Muslim_Community.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..646909aa8e6bbf9266389fcd063d20a8f780de0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Beijing___Sheng_Hui_Gathering_and_Hui_Muslim_Community.md
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Beijing — Sheng Hui Gathering and Hui Muslim Community"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2305"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2305"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:53Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "e06d689ecc67c27ba5addb5414b2a6ecb427f928f3cdd7adedc185686a8dbf69"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Beijing — Sheng Hui Gathering and Hui Muslim Community
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** A weekend Sheng Hui gathering in Beijing offers a close look at Hui Muslim religious life, shared meals, and community ties. This article keeps the original observations, religious terms, and photos while presenting them in clear English.
+
+Today is the 12th day of the third month in the Islamic calendar, which is believed to be the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad. Around this day, Muslims all over the world hold events to commemorate the Prophet, known as Mawlid or Eid-e-Milad an-Nabi. In China, these are called Shengji, Shenghui, or Shengdan.
+
+Commemorations of the Prophet's birth date back to the time of the Tabi'un, the followers of the Prophet's companions, though these were mostly private events in the early days. Large-scale commemorative events can be traced back to Egypt during the Fatimid Caliphate in the 12th century. In 1207, Saladin's brother-in-law Gökböri first established the Mawlid as a public holiday, which helped the celebration spread among Muslim communities. The Ottoman Empire made the Mawlid an official holiday in 1588, calling it Mevlid Kandili, which means the 'Candle Feast of the Prophet's Birthday'.
+
+Starting last week, mosques across Beijing have been holding these commemorative gatherings, which will continue until October. Last weekend, I attended two such gatherings at the Nandouyacai Mosque inside Chaoyangmen and the Balizhuang Mosque outside Chaoyangmen, and I would like to share them with you.
+
+Friday was Jumu'ah, and Imam Chen gave a sermon (wa'z) about the life of the Prophet. After the Jumu'ah prayer, everyone recited the Quran together, followed by enjoying fruit and tea.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ww7mll.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v6blvj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ty7qxl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kq9jip.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hh19kz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z7tuv8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iif3pi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dk57kn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x4doy4.jpg)
+
+After leaving the mosque, I had a bowl of beef noodles at Xinyuezhai near the entrance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/09ruve.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t1ay49.jpg)
+
+On Saturday morning, I attended the gathering at Balizhuang Mosque outside Chaoyangmen. First, Imam Ding recited the opening chapter of the Quran in the courtyard. Then, everyone went into the prayer hall where 14 imams performed the opening and closing recitations, followed by Imam Ding giving a sermon (wa'z) on the life of the Prophet. The mosque prepared meat porridge and fried dough (youxiang) for everyone, along with various teas and snacks. I really enjoyed the pea flour cake (wandouhuang) and steamed rice cake (aiwowo) made by the mosque elders; you cannot find this blessed taste in shops.
+
+Besides commemorating the Prophet, these gatherings are a great opportunity to strengthen the unity of the mosque community. Friends (dosti) who rarely see each other during the week use this occasion (sabab) to gather, chat about daily life, and discuss the faith. It is truly a reason to be grateful (shukr).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6wrbnh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9dx1h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8wq0eo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qfck8w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oh6ut4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ytvt92.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lrafeb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p6hf11.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ef4wd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u0sbjh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jxeoey.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9woqen.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vdzist.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ipwsln.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xi7wms.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dn7t5w.jpg)
+
+The next day, you can continue to enjoy the meat porridge and fried dough (youxiang) at home to keep the blessings going.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ww8qne.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Changying_Hui_Township_Market_in_Beijing.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Changying_Hui_Township_Market_in_Beijing.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5c560dc27729e7f9653bbbce543bb4a39d8566c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Changying_Hui_Township_Market_in_Beijing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Changying Hui Township Market in Beijing"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2527"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2527"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:44Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "ef9fb5bbeb50933cc29bda566942b04c75ff7dee773dee52e2a8a3d6f9585a3e"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Changying Hui Township Market in Beijing
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Changying Hui Township in Beijing has a lively weekend market with halal food, local snacks, and vendors from the Hui Muslim community. This account keeps the market route, dishes, prices where given, and photographs in the original order.
+
+I went to the big market in Changying on Sunday morning. I worked near Changying for nine years and only changed jobs last year, and then the big market opened there. The market is open every day until noon, and it is busiest on weekends.
+
+In the morning, I first had breakfast at Qingyanfang on Changying Middle Road, where I ordered steamed buns (xiaolongbao), lucky bags (fudai), pumpkin porridge, and purple rice porridge. Lucky bags are similar to egg fritters (jidan guozi), but they are rarely seen in Beijing. There were no halal steamed buns before, but some shops have started making them in recent years.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/03om7k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7shq8r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f3f12o.jpg)
+
+After breakfast, I walked north along the Changying intersection to reach the big market at the southeast corner of Changying Sports Park. There are many halal shops at the market.
+
+We first bought beef head meat at Chen's to take home for a stir-fry. Their shop's water kettle sign (tangping pai) was made by my friend Dong Yidong, and this traditional style of sign is very rare now.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jnwrr2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qlhhdx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wc6pzi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z3ecve.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ykyx21.jpg)
+
+The market also has crispy fried dough snacks (gezhihe) from Hui Muslims in Tongzhou, and they also sell fermented mung bean milk (douzhier) from Baoji; many people buy it, but it was sold out when we got there.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9wayk5.jpg)
+
+There is a Huadu chicken stall at the market, and we bought a free-range chicken to take home for a big plate chicken (dapanji) dish. Huadu has a halal chicken slaughter and processing plant in Luanping, Hebei, which supplies the Beijing market and also exports to Japan. They have opened online shops in recent years, and much of the halal chicken you can buy online now comes from them.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ywf0sm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q9irt2.jpg)
+
+The market also has all kinds of beef, mutton, fruits, and vegetables, especially free samples; we tried muskmelon, nectarines, apples, and watermelon, which made my son very happy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zrcybq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d1g287.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wno0cx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tjbnwk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bu5td7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gwi03z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9lm5g1.jpg)
+
+The northernmost row of the market is the snack area, where a noodle shop sells cold noodles, which are perfect for summer.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gg51wp.jpg)
+
+The two most popular snacks at the market are crispy fried cakes (cuipi zhagao) and freshly baked naan bread (kaonang), both of which have long lines. The naan shop uses a bamboo charcoal oven, and the naan they make is especially fragrant with a texture different from electric-baked ones. We arrived a bit late and missed the freshly baked meat pies (kaobaozi), but if you go earlier, they are surely very fragrant when they come out of the oven.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qlt46g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wr94bv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gztkqq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/32f8pv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w49p64.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fc9k1g.jpg)
+
+After visiting the Changying market, we took the bus for three stops to Guanzhuang Road to eat at Bu Hui Qiqihar Barbecue. I haven't been here for several years, and it is very popular on weekend afternoons now; we waited for half an hour to get a table. They now offer a nine-grid set meal with meat and shrimp, which is quite rich, and the set also includes almond tofu, sliced frozen pears, and small sticky bean buns (niandoubao). It was my first time eating Northeast-style sticky bean buns, which are made of yellow rice flour wrapped around a kidney bean filling; they aren't sweet, with a light flavor of yellow rice and kidney beans that everyone liked. For our main course, we ordered stone pot bibimbap, basin bibimbap, and cold noodles. My mother-in-law tried stone pot rice (bibimbap) for the first time and really liked the taste. The side dishes inside were also very nutritious. Cold noodles (lengmian) are the main reason I come to this restaurant. The weather is getting hotter now, and a bowl of these sweet and sour noodles is especially refreshing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/10juhu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/amqszn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y9druh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a42ir9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qdcsj6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e4cpio.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q885oj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5v3uxi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3kyzky.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fx9b8p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9jkmqp.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Chasuqi__Inner_Mongolia___Great_Mosque_and_Tumed_Plain.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Chasuqi__Inner_Mongolia___Great_Mosque_and_Tumed_Plain.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41a017e556ad16c69fd26d52c9e4fe63adc69e57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Chasuqi__Inner_Mongolia___Great_Mosque_and_Tumed_Plain.md
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Chasuqi, Inner Mongolia - Great Mosque and Tumed Plain"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2557"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2557"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:56Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "131c757d61028e24d47d1cb888c53fba9e6a5d76cc2ad2c446313977a0c67f0b"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Chasuqi, Inner Mongolia - Great Mosque and Tumed Plain
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Chasuqi Grand Mosque stands on the Tumed Plain of Inner Mongolia, where Hui Muslim families from Hebei and Beijing settled during the Qianlong period. The account records the mosque origin, Qing-era donations, later rebuilding, and its links to Chasuqi town history.
+
+Tumd Left Banner in Inner Mongolia sits west of Hohhot. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was home to the Mongol Tumd tribe, known for its fertile land and lush pastures. In 1739, the fourth year of the Qianlong reign, the Qing dynasty established a sub-prefecture office in Shandai Town, Tumd Left Banner, making it an important commercial hub. Soon after, Hui Muslims from four families arrived in Shandai to make a living: the Bai family from Gaotou in Zhengding, Hebei (now Gaotou Hui Ethnic Township in Wuji County), the Ma family from Baoding, Hebei, the Xue family from Xueying in Beijing, and the Jin family from Niujie in Beijing.
+
+In 1760, the 25th year of the Qianlong reign, the Shandai office was closed, and the banner's center shifted to Qasqi Town. The Bai, Ma, Xue, and Jin Hui Muslim families all moved to Qasqi Town during the late Qianlong period. At that time, the Qasqi Guandi Mosque was being moved to a new site, so the families bought the original land and built the first Qasqi Grand Mosque.
+
+The Qasqi Grand Mosque started with just two mud-brick rooms facing the street. During the Daoguang reign, as more Hui Muslims moved to Qasqi, they added a main prayer hall made of earth and wood. In 1909, the first year of the Xuantong reign, Imam Wang Shi'en led the construction of the current brick-and-wood main hall. Bai Shengyu's widow, Mrs. Gan, donated bricks, tiles, wood, and the elm trees from the courtyard. Other funds came from the local community and from Hohhot, Baotou, Saratsi, Togtoh, and Longshengzhuang. The community elders in charge were Luo Cheng, Bai Youfu, Ma Youfu, and Wu Fengqi. Imam Wang Shi'en was originally from Wudu, Gansu. He was a scholar of Islamic texts and the most famous imam in the history of the Qasqi Grand Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i6vazc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9kaedg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nkikhj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2alg8i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2ipf2h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ouyfyj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/78plze.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rc368v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l4sew8.jpg)
+
+**The exquisite brick carvings of the Qasqi Grand Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/67kwuo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iis616.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vstknr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ajo6rj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q2dsfx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n25nv1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k15i50.jpg)
+
+We ate at Xinhua Fast Food next to the mosque, ordering lamb with wood ear mushrooms and dried bean curd (fuzhu), stir-fried meat from Jiuyuan, and stir-fried sliced noodles (huishaomian). Even though it was a simple meal, the lamb was fresh and had no gamey smell, and the wood ear mushrooms were delicious. Stir-fried sliced noodles (huishaomian) originated from the oil-seared meat and knife-cut noodles of Shanxi. During the Daoguang reign of the Qing dynasty, migrants traveling west brought the dish to Inner Mongolia, where it became popular with manual laborers like porters and camel caravan drivers. The knife-cut noodles (daoxiaomian) in the dish are sliced and boiled to order, while the oil-seared meat is coated in batter and fried. It is served with garlic sprouts and bean sprouts for a balanced meal.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j2pngj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cz9zqo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/46mdua.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/60ah4z.jpg)
+
+Hui Muslim families who moved to Qasqi in different periods:
+
+The Bai, Xue, Jin, and Ma families during the Qianlong reign. The Bai family made their living trading horses. Every autumn, when the horses were strong and healthy, they transported them long distances to places like Hebei. Bai Shengyu was an expert horseman. It is said he could tie a copper coin to his long braid and ride at full gallop without the coin moving at all. The Xue family started out as middlemen and small traders, later buying land and becoming very wealthy in Qasqi. Xue Liang was eloquent and had many connections. He held high social status and reportedly handled seventeen murder cases.
+
+The Wu, Luo, Yang, Qi, and Liang families during the Jiaqing period. The Wu family was originally from Mengcun, Cangzhou, Hebei. Their ancestor, Wu Juzhou, served as a military officer in the Qing army. In the early Jiaqing years, he fled with his family after killing an official in anger, moving to Togtoh County in Inner Mongolia. His second son, Wu Xiu, later moved to Qasqi. The Wu family was a martial arts family that produced many talented people. By the end of the Qing dynasty, they were involved in butchery and farming, ran an inn, and owned nearly 100 acres of paddy fields. The Luo family moved to Qasqi from the southern gate of Urumqi (Hongmiaozi), Xinjiang, where they had worked as camel drivers. During the Republic of China era, they opened the Fuchengkui fur shop, selling the furs they collected at the Sanyitang shop in the Hohhot Hui Muslim district. The Yang family came from Guyuan, Ningxia, and worked in camel transport. They moved to Chasugi in 1796, the first year of the Jiaqing reign.
+
+During the Xianfeng and Tongzhi eras, the three main families were the Ma, Niu, and Bai families. Brothers Ma Dejun and Ma Defu moved their family here from Baoding, Hebei, to do business. The Niu family came from Wuzhong, Ningxia, and moved here during the Tongzhi era because of the Jinjipu Uprising. Bai Youfu’s family moved here from Tang County, Baoding, Hebei, during the Xianfeng and Tongzhi eras while fleeing famine with his mother. Through years of hard work and saving, they bought land and farmed. They borrowed grain and money from the Mongols and paid them back with land. By the 1930s, they owned over 10 qing of land and opened the Weilongquan and Fushunquan grain stores and grocery shops, becoming the wealthiest Hui Muslims in Chasugi.
+
+During the Republic of China era, the five main families were the Jia, Wang, Ma, Fu, and Tao families. The Jia family arrived in Chasugi in 1914. They saved money by selling homespun cloth, bought over 30 mu of land in 1930, and continued to run small businesses.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p41ml8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pz9xqj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zxlqow.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lb82i2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6hjus1.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Chengde___Three_Historic_Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_Food.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Chengde___Three_Historic_Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_Food.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a87b8d262ca5229aade09b9ec3a5723f509c2258
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Chengde___Three_Historic_Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Chengde - Three Historic Mosques and Hui Muslim Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2535"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2535"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:16Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "43e010b96e5f38c4696a3fc911dde6450c13068b7415389a75d3c28deb39b6ea"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Chengde - Three Historic Mosques and Hui Muslim Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Chengde is covered through three historic mosques, Hui Muslim food, and streets connected to the city’s old Muslim community. This account keeps the original travel route, mosque history, restaurant details, dishes, and photographs in order.
+
+Chengde is northeast of Beijing. It is very convenient to take a high-speed train from Chaoyang Station, making it a great spot for a weekend getaway. This place has not only ancient Qing Dynasty mosques but also many unique local foods.
+
+In 1703 (the 42nd year of the Kangxi reign), Emperor Kangxi built the Mountain Resort in Chengde. Afterward, Hui Muslims came to Chengde from Shandong and Hebei to serve the imperial court and manage the imperial camps. By 1718 (the 57th year of the Kangxi reign), they officially established the Chengde East Mosque on Nanyingzi Street, which is the oldest mosque in Chengde.
+
+According to Ma Yuru, the eighth-generation hereditary imam of the East Mosque, the first imam was invited to come from Jingpeng Town in Chifeng. At first, the mosque was just a rented house. The imam spent eleven years traveling to collect donations (nietie) to build a proper mosque, and his family thought he had passed away. Just as his family was holding a memorial service for him in the eleventh year, he finally returned to Chengde and used the donations he had collected to build the East Mosque. According to a stone tablet from the 52nd year of the Qianlong reign currently kept at the West Mosque in Chengde, in the 57th year of the Kangxi reign, community leaders in Rehe gathered fellow Muslims to buy a plot of land bordered by the Li family to the east, the official street to the west, and government housing to the south. With these clear boundaries, they built the mosque.
+
+The Chengde East Mosque was expanded twice, in 1755 (the 30th year of the Qianlong reign) and 1787 (the 52nd year of the Qianlong reign), and was once known as the largest mosque in the northern frontier. When Concubine Rong (the Fragrant Concubine) accompanied Emperor Qianlong to the Mountain Resort in Chengde, she was hosted by the third-generation imam, Ma Yao. She gifted the mosque a pair of delicate hexagonal palace lanterns and a treasure gourd. The palace lanterns were lit during Ramadan, and the treasure gourd was placed on the roof of the main prayer hall. Emperor Qianlong gifted the mosque a long-life imperial plaque, a pair of python-patterned whips, and a pair of dragon-headed staffs. An imperial decree allowing access to the Mountain Resort was passed down through the imam's family for generations until it was destroyed in the 1960s. Concubine Rong also stored ceremonial items, such as half of the imperial procession equipment and gold medals gifted by the Emperor, in the Moon-Sighting Tower of the East Mosque. Additionally, three families of Concubine Rong's attendants stayed in Chengde. The expert in couplets, Ma Delin, is a descendant of these "Red-Hat Hui Muslims" who remained in the city.
+
+The East Mosque was occupied in 1958 and suffered severe damage after the 1960s, but it was rebuilt in the Chengde Central Square in 2006. A plaque featuring the Basmala (taisimie) hangs in front of the main hall, surrounded by "longevity" patterns, which elders say was a gift from Concubine Rong. The main hall of the East Mosque is currently under renovation and is not open to the public.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nupcxf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/utp1oo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xtcfh7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gvsvga.jpg)
+
+The stele from the 52nd year of the Qianlong reign at the East Mosque is now kept at the West Mosque in Chengde.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3q8s3d.jpg)
+
+In the early years of the Yongzheng reign, the Qing dynasty stationed Green Standard Army troops in Chengde. Because most of the officers and soldiers came from Shaanxi, it was called the Shaanxi Camp, and the 'Left Battalion' within it was mostly made up of Hui Muslims. From then on, the Shaanxi Camp became a residential area for Hui Muslims in Chengde.
+
+By the Qianlong period, Chengde had become a major metropolis north of the Great Wall. Hui Muslims from Shandong and Hebei came here to do business, working in the food industry and cattle and sheep slaughtering, which was known as 'chasing the imperial camp'. Today, the ten major surnames of Hui Muslims in Chengde, such as Wang, Ma, Shi, and Chen, all moved here from Shandong, while the Wu surname moved from Cangzhou, Hebei, and the Kong surname moved from Beijing.
+
+The West Mosque in Chengde is located in Panjiagou, west of the Shaanxi Camp. It was first built during the Daoguang reign. The main hall consists of a front hall with a rolled shed roof, a middle hall, and a rear hall. A kiln pavilion (yaoting) is located on top of the middle hall, with a precious finial (baoding) at the very top.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z3y48j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/moek8o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/igx1fy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fwzoap.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/moo8kp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a763hy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2rmo4y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3a9ey3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xq5iqc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sstfei.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3b4123.jpg)
+
+Hui Muslim food in Chengde is mainly concentrated near the West Mosque and the Shaanxi Camp.
+
+I had breakfast at Dayong Beef Buckwheat Noodles (heluo mian) shop at the entrance of the West Mosque in Chengde, ordering buckwheat noodles with a sesame flatbread (shaobing) stuffed with potatoes and steamed dumplings (shaomai). Buckwheat from the Bashang grasslands has high nutritional value and is exported to Japan and South Korea. This coarse grain must be pressed into noodles using a noodle press (heluo chuangzi), and a bowl in the morning feels very satisfying. Prices in Chengde are much lower than in Beijing; a big bowl of beef noodles only costs 10 yuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cg1edi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bxfwsg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7to08n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4pxjlv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hujzax.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/daoo8j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4snixs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ralnw.jpg)
+
+Xie's Steamed Bean Bun (doubao) right across from the West Mosque is also worth eating. We arrived after nine o'clock and caught them just as they were made; the kids loved the steaming hot red bean paste filling.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b86e06.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5e6ry5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5qc6v8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z6i187.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7cs54w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mel35n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1wfh8o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n49aa6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/steejv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qwwxjk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/es4gkw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nltzwv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rkxl43.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gfjv2d.jpg)
+
+Hongshunxuan, located across from the West Mosque in Chengde, closes quite late, so you can even make it if you take the high-speed train from Beijing after work on Friday. This place seems to be a restaurant that hosts banquets, so the menu is quite extensive.
+
+Historically, Hui Muslims in Chengde mainly came from Shandong and Hebei, so their diet is heavily influenced by Lu cuisine. Therefore, many of these dishes can also be found in Beijing, Tianjin, and the Northeast. We ordered the classic Lu cuisine dishes of braised meat strips (pa rourou) and sesame lamb, and also ordered cordyceps with three-leaf herb (chongcao san ye xiang). I loved eating sesame lamb (zhima yangrou) when I was a kid, but most restaurants in Beijing don't make it well anymore, so I have to go to Shandong to eat it. I ate sesame lamb both times I visited Chengde, and it tasted great, just like it did when I was a child. Three-leaf fragrance (sanyexiang) is just celery sprouts, and it tastes quite good, but I don't know why it is rarely seen in Beijing restaurants.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1pn40m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z0545w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mnj46j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6yvyuj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jxjw47.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ka4u6z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qy4r8i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u0kde3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aofbex.jpg)
+
+I wandered over to the famous Tuojie Snacks in Chengde to eat fried buckwheat jelly (jian wantuo) and almond tea (xingren cha). Both of these items at their shop are district-level intangible cultural heritage, and I eat them every time I go to Chengde. Now, they even have pre-packaged almond tea you can take away to drink on the road.
+
+Chengde produces almonds, so their almond tea is also very famous. Almond tea is made by soaking almonds in water to peel them, soaking out the bitter taste, grinding them into a paste to remove the dregs, and then boiling the mixture with rice flour and white sugar.
+
+Fried buckwheat jelly is also a famous Chengde snack. It is made by grinding buckwheat kernels into a paste, steaming it in a bowl, and then letting it cool to form a jelly block. When you eat it, you cut it into triangular pieces, fry them in a pan, and then pour sesame paste and garlic sauce over them. Chengde fried buckwheat jelly is said to have originated in the Erxianju area during the Qing Dynasty. Since the Qing Dynasty, Erxianju has been a bustling commercial street in Rehe, and it is still a lively market today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ublokp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zs11qr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pd4vfk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tuqvdi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9v4grl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/evxz10.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ufl467.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bhu3cz.jpg)
+
+Prices in Chengde are really not high. There is a community convenience canteen near Erxianju where a lunch set meal costs 15 yuan, and it is only 9.9 yuan for those over 60. The dishes are very healthy, and the kids ate happily.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tv10hi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k6it1n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pka987.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1p53as.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t463nk.jpg)
+
+The most famous breakfast in Chengde has to be Pingquan lamb soup (yangtang), and there are a few very popular shops in the city center. We went to Xilan Laoding on Zhulin Mosque Street. The shop name comes from the owner Mr. Ding's grandparents, who were Hui Muslims from Pingquan named Wang Xibin and Zhang Shulan. Pingquan lamb soup is known for its fresh, delicious broth and freshly made sesame flatbread (shaobing). You can add lamb tripe, intestines, head meat, or pure meat to the lamb soup, and you can also add spiced meat or head meat to the sesame flatbread. A special feature of Pingquan lamb soup is that a server always walks around with a big ladle to ask if you want more soup, and refills are free. Sesame flatbreads (shaobing) in Chengde are bigger than the ones in Beijing, and they smell amazing when they are fresh off the griddle. They brush sauce on the meat inside the flatbread, which makes it quite salty, so tell them beforehand if you prefer less salt.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g4sl4v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lk19b6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tdtmts.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xox09y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uv5pa5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/batxna.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2ya7dx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qj6bt7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oy53ou.jpg)
+
+I recommend Shuangxin Restaurant on Shanzhuang Road to fellow Muslim travelers (dost). It is not far from the south gate of the Mountain Resort, and there is a large parking lot nearby, making it a great place to eat after visiting the resort.
+
+They serve both traditional dishes and their own creative new recipes, so there is a huge variety to choose from. We ordered shredded beef heart, fresh-set tofu (kaibao doufu), pan-fried stuffed tofu (banjian doufu), lamb and winter melon steamed dumplings (shaomai), and stir-fried snow peas. We did not order two tofu dishes on purpose, but both of them are very unique. The fresh-set tofu (kaibao doufu) is curdled right at the table, and you dip it in sauce to eat it immediately, so you get the freshest tofu flavor possible. The pan-fried stuffed tofu (banjian doufu) is their own invention, featuring tofu stuffed with meat, and it tastes delicious. This was my first time trying lamb and winter melon steamed dumplings (shaomai). Using winter melon as a filling works really well and pairs perfectly with the lamb. The shredded beef heart is a cold dish, and it is also great to take away for the road.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ax77sz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hlk571.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hqeh9v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1wpv3c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vo0pec.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lkrgod.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l4g665.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tb47f0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q64fpk.jpg)
+
+Heading west from Chengde, we arrived at the old street in Luanhe Town. Luanhe Old Street was originally called Kalahetun, which means black city in Mongolian. In 1650 (the seventh year of the Shunzhi reign), the Shunzhi Emperor stationed troops here during his northern tour. In 1701 (the fortieth year of the Kangxi reign), an imperial palace was officially built in Kalahetun to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the emperor during his annual autumn trips to the Mulan Hunting Ground. In 1723 (the first year of the Yongzheng reign), a garrison for the Eight Banners was established in Kalahetun, and a training ground was built later. In 1733 (the eleventh year of the Yongzheng reign), the Zhili Chengde Prefecture office was set up in Kalahetun, and it was renamed Kalahetun Sub-prefecture in 1742 (the seventh year of the Qianlong reign).
+
+Because of the construction of the imperial palace and the frequent visits of emperors, empresses, and nobles, many Hui Muslims from Hebei and Shandong followed them to Kalahetun. They made and sold specialty foods, which played an important role in the rise of the Luanhe town market. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the number of Hui and Han merchants in Kalahetun grew. In 1778, the forty-third year of the Qianlong reign, the area was officially renamed Luanping County.
+
+Luanhe Town currently has one old mosque, which is listed as a district-level cultural heritage site. Unfortunately, the doors were locked both times I visited, so I could not learn more about it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jg10jh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h7s2rk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h8h7ep.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zlbuon.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tcfta5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kjwyvj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k7b5hw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5hoqon.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mky649.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/beddz0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5utc9j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2tt4wx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/66pru6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qvnxyu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s6z60k.jpg)
+
+We stayed at the Chengde Qiancaotang Homestay at the foot of Qingchui Peak. It is very convenient if you are driving, as it only takes 10 minutes to reach the city center. The mountain scenery is beautiful and it is a very relaxing place.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wdp1ax.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k6fq7z.jpg)
+
+I took my child to climb Qingchui Peak and Sengguan Peak. You can take a cable car up Qingchui Peak and a slide down Sengguan Peak. My little one was very brave and was not scared at all. I recommend Sengguan Peak. There is a large platform at the top that has not been developed at all, and you can look out over the entire view of Chengde from there.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0q3teh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vifkgn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9c3s8k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pv2qzx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6mg4f2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hnaklv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mp29uz.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Dali_Fengyi___Fengming_Mosque_and_Clay_Pot_Rice_Noodles.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Dali_Fengyi___Fengming_Mosque_and_Clay_Pot_Rice_Noodles.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d99746a4c9143465d1fa1fcd8da1be026f593951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Dali_Fengyi___Fengming_Mosque_and_Clay_Pot_Rice_Noodles.md
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Dali Fengyi — Fengming Mosque and Clay Pot Rice Noodles"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2287"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2287"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:53Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "3643c48545947e8064937d5f74bd420c3a0b04a85f9cf82e1cb69710b457a781"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Dali Fengyi — Fengming Mosque and Clay Pot Rice Noodles
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Fengyi Ancient Town in Dali is home to Fengming Mosque and a local Hui Muslim food scene shaped by Yunnan streets and everyday community life. This account covers the mosque visit and clay pot rice noodles while keeping the original sequence and images.
+
+I rode my bike 10 kilometers east from Xiaguan in Dali to reach the ancient town of Fengyi, where I visited the century-old Fengming Mosque.
+
+As the seat of Zhaozhou since the Yuan Dynasty, Fengyi Town has long been home to Hui Muslims, who built an old mosque on South Street. After 1872, the Hui Muslims of Fengyi died or fled, and the South Street mosque was burned down. For the next 50 years, the few remaining Hui Muslims in Fengyi could only perform their worship at the home of Mu Benren on West Street. At that time, the second floor of the Mu family home was the prayer room, while the first floor served as a scripture hall where a teacher (laoshi) named Luo Wusuo from Zhihua taught the scriptures.
+
+During this period, the Hui Muslims of Fengyi kept raising money to rebuild their mosque. Finally, Yang Chaozhu, who had served as a military commander in Guangxi, asked the Fengyi county magistrate for help, bought land from the Wu family in Yaojia Lane, and worked with local community leaders to fund and build the Fengming Mosque in 1922. After 2001, the main prayer hall (Chaozhen Dian) was expanded from three rooms to five, giving it the appearance it has today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0xakqg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xacdwe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m59bla.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wuoq5v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g8bhm9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qlpzt1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4xa4m8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2g9kxm.jpg)
+
+The plaque inscribed with the words "Zhong Gu Yi Xi" was donated by Ding Guotai from Shaanxi when the mosque was built in 1922.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zdklv7.jpg)
+
+While walking around the ancient town of Fengyi, I ate a bowl of clay pot rice noodles (shaguo mixian) served with the local staple side dish of pickled radish.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/anrzij.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/flejfj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/913yhl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mkekwo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ikg1l6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r6mfc3.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Dali__Yunnan___Binju_Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_Heritage.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Dali__Yunnan___Binju_Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_Heritage.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f9ba5c22d4436b2ae8cbefa847a9e69e5d65518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Dali__Yunnan___Binju_Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_Heritage.md
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Dali, Yunnan — Binju Mosque and Hui Muslim Heritage"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2288"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2288"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:48Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "cf7f855e6437477341bd6d16e6cbbf80c82ec77aff8ad145aa657b3c491df93f"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Dali, Yunnan — Binju Mosque and Hui Muslim Heritage
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Binju Mosque in Dali, Yunnan, is part of the local Hui Muslim landscape and carries the everyday history of a Muslim community in western Yunnan. This travel note follows the mosque visit through its original facts, photos, and observations.
+
+On January 31, 2023, I rode an electric scooter from Xiaguan in Dali to Binju Town. The sky was bright blue the whole way, and the valley was filled with lush green farmland where people worked hard. The photos I took look just like landscape paintings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x0f2t5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hbtz0r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qkv2cu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pyzy43.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vrjkvk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mluiu8.jpg)
+
+The mountain road here is not very steep, making for a comfortable ride, though there is a short section marked as a geological hazard zone with gravel left behind by a landslide.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4gpjgo.jpg)
+
+After riding 50 kilometers, I arrived in Binju Town. Wusuo’s family hosted me at the mosque with dried beef (niuganba), stir-stir-fried meat with pickled vegetables (suancai chaorou), stir-stir-fried meat with broad beans (candou chaorou), and fish with pickled vegetables (suancai yu). I really love the home-cooked meals of Yunnan’s Hui Muslims.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/07rc25.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0txulf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zhw92r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lhis07.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i85kt1.jpg)
+
+Every Tuesday is the big market day in Binju Town, and Wusuo’s family sells fried dough cakes (youxiang) there. The fried dough cakes (youxiang) in Yunnan are sweet and taste great even when eaten plain.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w1qds8.jpg)
+
+Binju Mosque was first built in the mid-Qing Dynasty, destroyed during the Tongzhi reign, and rebuilt in 1923. This is a history shared by most old mosques in Yunnan. The existing main hall with its gabled and hipped roof (xieshanding) is a century old and features typical Dali-style architecture. It preserves precious calligraphy and murals from the Republic of China era.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r3m696.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e5ds7v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/23l5yg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lmysx7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8zeibb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w54lrv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fytcvp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kb3y30.jpg)
+
+The birthplace of the Prophet Adam is depicted here using the style of traditional landscape painting.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e03q4y.jpg)
+
+The mosque’s three-tiered, pointed-roof minaret was rebuilt between 1993 and 1994, but it still keeps the traditional architectural style of the Dali region and is very beautiful.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uejr3y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gf6324.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/twg2w3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o9c6rq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0t952l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ht4nq6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cw73do.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s5x30l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s5sti9.jpg)
+
+The mosque still keeps the plaques and couplets inscribed during the 1923 reconstruction, which is very rare.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zwo3ak.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/imcrnf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0phjm1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dt9nzz.jpg)
+
+The environment inside the mosque is also very nice, with flowers in full bloom and lush greenery.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9uy3tz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mo93n7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/umxtvk.jpg)
+
+An old street is still preserved behind the mosque, but most young people have moved away, leaving mostly elderly residents behind.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g4xqr2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n9vxm8.jpg)
+
+On the ride back from Binchuan Town to Xiaguan, the mountains and fields were covered in mandarin oranges (penggan), which looked beautiful in their bright yellow color. Many people from the orange orchards sell them right by the side of the road. I asked which ones were the sweetest, bought some to eat on the road, and they tasted quite good.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5ir6zg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0bf434.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fid7c9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/60np16.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Duolun__Inner_Mongolia___Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_History.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Duolun__Inner_Mongolia___Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_History.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aa2fa892320254fa44877e47e24a43d477c29596
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Duolun__Inner_Mongolia___Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Duolun, Inner Mongolia - Mosques and Hui Muslim History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2529"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2529"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:17Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "cb5a31ef01120853ae57defcbbbbf75ec3afea4d16c8fb419db994720c6140ff"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Duolun, Inner Mongolia - Mosques and Hui Muslim History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Duolun County sits on the southeastern edge of Inner Mongolia and has long been an important Hui Muslim town on the grassland route. This account keeps the original notes on mosques, local history, food, streets, and photographs from the visit.
+
+Duolun County sits at the southeast edge of Xilin Gol League. During the Qing Dynasty, it served as the political and economic hub of the Mongolian grasslands. In 1691 (the 30th year of the Kangxi reign), Emperor Kangxi held the Dolon Nor Alliance here with nobles from the three Outer Mongolian tribes and the forty-eight banners of Inner Mongolia, officially bringing Outer Mongolia into the Qing Dynasty territory. Later, at the request of Mongolian nobles, Kangxi allowed merchants from the interior to use Duolun as a base to open trade routes across the Mongolian grasslands. He granted these merchants official titles and generous benefits, which drew crowds of traders from Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, and Shaanxi. This quickly turned Duolun into a major commercial city for trade with Mongolia. In 1710 (the 49th year of the Kangxi reign), Xinghua Town was officially established in Duolun. In 1741 (the 6th year of the Qianlong reign), Xinshengying was built north of Xinghua Town, eventually forming the layout of the old city of Duolun.
+
+After the city of Duolun was built, Hui Muslims from Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, and Henan traveled through Zhangjiakou to reach Duolun to trade on the grasslands, moving back and forth between the Mongolian plains and the interior. In his book Records of Dolon Nor published in 1908, the late Qing Japanese scholar Jian Hongsheng noted that the Hui Muslim population in Duolun had already reached 3,000 at that time.
+
+Hui Muslims in Duolun built six mosque communities (fang), which were the South Mosque, North Mosque, East Mosque, West Mosque, Central Mosque, and Da'erhao Mosque. Later, the Da'erhao Mosque was transferred to Guyuan County in 1950, and the East Mosque was demolished in the 1960s. Today, the old city still preserves four ancient mosque buildings: the South Mosque, North Mosque, East Mosque, and West Mosque. In 2006, they were collectively listed as a national-level cultural heritage site under the name Nuo'er Ancient Architectural Complex.
+
+The South Mosque is the oldest in Duolun. It is located on Taiping Street in the old city and was first built during the Yongzheng reign. In 1761 (the 26th year of the Qianlong reign), Hui Muslim merchants Mo Tianming and Ma Guifang led an expansion to create the current structure. In July 1933, after the anti-Japanese hero General Ji Hongchang recaptured Duolun, the local Hui Muslims hosted a banquet for him at the South Mosque. The South Mosque is currently closed and not open for visitors.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/99icno.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nlfgxu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4mc85h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s8x3vg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ud8zvd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gmv9il.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7jp6t0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z301ft.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9tjd8q.jpg)
+
+The North Mosque is located on Erdao Street in the old city. It was built in 1798 (the 3rd year of the Jiaqing reign) with donations from Hui Muslim merchants who ran cattle, horse, and camel transport businesses. It later became the largest mosque (masjid) in the city. In July 1933, after the anti-Japanese hero General Ji Hongchang recaptured Duolun, he stayed briefly at the North Mosque. Today, the North Mosque is active and holds regular services.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e02xqn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nn78q4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9aexzp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k7793i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/llxoo4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bdhm5j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0inszw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p9cyt8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dzxk52.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a4vbxe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ruu8c9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4jc3by.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xsemaj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s4ehrb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5zi0tn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ppyw1a.jpg)
+
+During the Tongzhi reign, some Hui Muslims from Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu moved to Duolun to settle down. After that, Hui Muslims from North China were called Kouli people, while those from the Northwest were called Westerners.
+
+The East Mosque is located outside the Nanjin Fortress in the old city. It was started in 1869 (the eighth year of the Tongzhi reign) by Hui Muslims Xiu Mingliang and Liu Changfu from Shaanxi, and finished in 1878 (the first year of the Guangxu reign). The West Mosque is on Daxi Street in the ancient city. It was built in 1880 (the fifth year of the Guangxu reign) by camel caravan merchants Li Xianyu and Wang Jichen, who were from Ningxia and Gansu. After the 1960s, the East Mosque was completely torn down, and the West Mosque's main gate and the north and south lecture halls were also demolished. Today, only the main hall of the West Mosque remains, and it is open to the public as a historical site.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cg7rt9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fnhjxz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hmo9r9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kdx152.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6ds8dl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rdqok6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r9he85.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1ei1lp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c5mj57.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cq1uuz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/70pag6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/edatd6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nc6znp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wnugjs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xirtmc.jpg)
+
+The Middle Mosque is on Nanqiangfeng Street in the ancient city. It was built in 1908 (the 34th year of the Guangxu reign) by Wang Guofu and Shan Yunxing. In 1930, He Xingzhou, Cong Dianqing, and others started rebuilding the main hall, which was finished in 1935. The Middle Mosque is currently open as usual.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dyx7pm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p9bm6f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5tv7zx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/opw4fe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m4bzxs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/89zzgi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kw5z17.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6yax27.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0idbw0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7nzi89.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kpaq4o.jpg)
+
+Plaques and couplets inside the Duolun Middle Mosque:
+
+Do not be greedy for this life, only for the afterlife; follow the heavenly and human way to return to the true faith. Carefully keep to the right path, avoid what is improper, and find joy and peace in recognizing the One: Respectfully presented in the eighth month of the 24th year of the Jiaqing reign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c56350.jpg)
+
+Heaven's command clearly explains the pure and unique truth, recognized since ancient times; the Prophet's practice spreads the one true faith, returning to the belief in the five daily namaz.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cfgpsa.jpg)
+
+Blessings of the One True God: Presented on an auspicious day in the fifth month of the ninth year of the Xianfeng reign of the Great Qing Dynasty by Zheng Kuishi, Imperial Commissioner overseeing Ningguo military affairs, Commander-in-Chief of Zhejiang Province, in charge of all land and water forces, and titled General Jianwei, Shalamagai Baturu.
+
+Zheng Kuishi was a famous general in the late Qing Dynasty and a Hui Muslim from Wanquan, Zhangjiakou, Hebei. He fought against the Taiping Rebellion and the Nian Army for many years. He was the first to break through the defenses of Luzhou and was wounded over twenty times in Huaiyuan, nearly losing his life, which earned him high praise from the imperial court. When Zheng Kuishi wrote the plaque for Duolun in the ninth year of the Xianfeng reign, he was serving as the Commander-in-Chief of Zhejiang and overseeing military affairs in Ningguo, the highest rank he reached in his life. In a memorial to the throne, Li Hongzhang highly praised Zheng Kuishi, saying he was 'hardworking, resolute, and exceptionally brave... he was the first to face the enemy's sharp edge, risking his life repeatedly. He suffered serious wounds eight or nine times, his body covered in scars. Among all the famous generals north and south of the Yangtze River, everyone considered Kuishi the best.'
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sr9wcq.jpg)
+
+The Ancient Pure Faith: Respectfully presented by Song Rui, specially appointed Commander of the Duolun Battalion and recipient of the imperial peacock feather, in the first year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing Dynasty, in the month of the lotus.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/br5xba.jpg)
+
+Benevolent Influence Spreads Everywhere: Presented by the acting Duolun Nuoer Magistrate, Lord Zhu Dezheng, who holds a fourth-rank title and wears a peacock feather. Respectfully presented by Hui Muslim leaders Shan Yunxing, village elder Ma Wanxing, and others in the first month of summer in the 31st year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing Dynasty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lr1j4t.jpg)
+
+Merciful in this life, uniquely merciful in the hereafter: established in the eighth year of the Republic of China, in the seventh lunar month.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/leb36n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7tm58e.jpg)
+
+The stretch of Longzehu Road to Huimeng Street in Duolun County is full of restaurants, with over a dozen being halal. The night market features all kinds of barbecue, and the restaurants offer both Mongolian food and traditional Hui Muslim dishes, providing a wide variety.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i5xugq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qb1nmd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r9urxu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g77etn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8cjjtw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/66hzkh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dinuzb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kxdj6x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yanaag.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/erh47b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/12b0jv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gd856b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1g19l8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j8megg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8oz81y.jpg)
+
+In the evening, we ate a mix of lamb leg bones, lamb spine (yangxiezi), and lamb tail tips at Laojia Banggu in Duolun, Inner Mongolia. They were stewed in a traditional broth (laotang), keeping the flavors very authentic. The lamb tail tips were very tender and tasted better than the long strips of lamb tail I have had in Beijing. Besides dipping vegetables, you can also dip dry flatbread (baiganbing). Once it is in the pot, the texture is very similar to Baoding covered flatbread (zhaobing), which I thought was quite good.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uxegrr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ccaxsk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vi9om4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7hlg7v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/741td3.jpg)
+
+We stayed at the Duolun Hotel in the city center. The family room is great for a large group, parking at the entrance is convenient, and the Duolun night market is right behind it. The food street is just around the corner. They also serve a halal breakfast where you can get vegetables, oily milk tea, and roasted millet (chaomi).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sm9y09.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yi2zcv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1dicff.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l02x3n.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Hexiwu__Tianjin___Family_Travel__Mosques_and_Old_Streets.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Hexiwu__Tianjin___Family_Travel__Mosques_and_Old_Streets.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d968650b7cd020776d694064d2c67d8458953f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Hexiwu__Tianjin___Family_Travel__Mosques_and_Old_Streets.md
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Hexiwu, Tianjin - Family Travel, Mosques and Old Streets"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2552"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2552"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:57Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "b8519f531a8aea3cbc3b1857acac616f169eea76c6a9af5d455b70429767b6a5"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Hexiwu, Tianjin - Family Travel, Mosques and Old Streets
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Hexiwu in Wuqing, Tianjin, sits between Beijing and Tianjin and grew from a Baihe River dock into an important Grand Canal town. This travel note follows a family return to Hexiwu, covering local dialects, Hui Muslim migration, temples, canalside history, and hometown food.
+
+Last Ramadan, I went back to my hometown of Hexiwu in Wuqing, Tianjin. I bought fried cakes (zhagao) and crispy fried rolls (gezhihe) at the farmers' market. See my article, "My Hometown: Hexiwu Town, Wuqing, Tianjin." This summer, I took my son back to my hometown so he could experience the rural atmosphere.
+
+Hexiwu connects to Tongzhou in Beijing and Xianghe in Hebei. It sits 60 kilometers from both downtown Beijing and Tianjin, making it the geographic midpoint between the two cities. My family members have historically moved to Beijing and Tianjin for work, so during family gatherings, you can hear Beijing dialect, Tianjin dialect, and the local Wuqing dialect.
+
+During the Liao Dynasty, Hexiwu was a wharf on the west bank of the Baihe River. It was named "Hexiwu" (West River Dock) because of the boatyards along the shore. After the Grand Canal was dug during the Yuan Dynasty, a water transport customs office was set up at the dock, which is how it got the name "Hexiwu" (West River Customs). During the Yuan Dynasty, Hexiwu served as the headquarters for water transport. It had fourteen grain warehouses and was the largest grain storage base outside the Yuan capital. Hexiwu's commerce thrived during the Yuan and Ming dynasties. The Ming Dynasty book "Chang'an Kehua" records: "Hexiwu is the throat of the canal... inns are clustered on both banks, storing all kinds of goods. It is the number one town east of the capital."
+
+In 1403 (the first year of the Yongle reign), Zhu Di defeated the Jianwen Emperor and took the throne. At that time, war had caused population decline and abandoned farmland in North China. Zhu Di issued a decree to relocate people, moving many Hui and Han people from the Jiangnan region to North China to farm. Many villages in the Hexiwu area were formed this way.
+
+The Hexiwu Mosque is located on Third Street, southeast of the old town site. It was first built in 1403 (the first year of the Yongle reign), rebuilt in 1670 (the eighth year of the Kangxi reign), collapsed during the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, was rebuilt again in 1988, and officially completed in 1990.
+
+The Hexiwu Mosque was originally located southwest of the Hexiwu city walls. In 1570 (the fourth year of the Longqing reign), the Ming government ordered the construction of a brick-walled city in Hexiwu with a perimeter of 500 meters to ensure the safety of water transport. The Hexiwu Mosque was also rebuilt at this time. Li Ben, the Wuqing prefect at the time, wrote a poem about Hexiwu: "The new iron-walled city holds a hundred thousand homes, where old customs compete in prosperity." Embankments connect mansions and official shops, while the shore is crowded with flags and official messengers. Tax revenue from the five materials supports the national budget, and trade reaches the four seas to sustain life. At this throat of the realm where all gather, fame and profit shimmer in the evening mist. In 1669 (the eighth year of the Kangxi reign), the Hexiwu brick city was destroyed by a flood from the North Canal, and the Hexiwu Mosque was destroyed at the same time. The following year, the city was rebuilt two miles to the west, and the Hexiwu Mosque was rebuilt as well, moving from the southwest of the city to the east.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lke85y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ohv878.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6a2sqk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yj4gam.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f6d2vo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q3d4km.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cckk2x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xoltfq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4fhf24.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9bnd9d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hf50s6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4gmiyf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/07jgxp.jpg)
+
+Hui Muslims in Hexiwu mainly live in the Third Street and Daliuzhuang areas. You can still see a strong Hui cultural atmosphere when walking through these places today.
+
+My grandmother came from the Liu family in Daliuzhuang. They moved here from Jiangnan during the Ming Dynasty's Yongle reign due to the "Prince of Yan Sweeps the North" campaign. This is a common migration story for many families in North China.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bas45t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4ehrub.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jyuxop.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1x3cyi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cqnti0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tw6209.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fwmp99.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cfbe53.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/87q9h7.jpg)
+
+Hexiwu has a rich variety of halal food. The most famous include the golden-rimmed braised meat (jinbian koumen) at Xinpengzhai, the yellow rice fried cakes (huangmi zhagao) at Lirenzhai Wangji, and the stuffed crispy fried rolls (dai xian gezhihe) at Yangji. For lunch, we ate at Juyuanzhai at the intersection. We had eight-treasure tofu (bazhen doufu), cashew nuts with mixed vegetables, and lamb and zucchini dumplings. The portion sizes in town are much larger than in the city. One dish feels like enough for two people. The eight-treasure tofu is made with a base of crispy tofu topped with shrimp, abalone, squid, diced chicken, beef slices, and more. It is very rich. The vegan cashew dish includes snow peas, wood ear mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, cauliflower, cashews, bell peppers, and carrots, making for a very well-balanced meal. The dumplings are homemade, and the zucchini filling adds a great flavor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q176ba.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k2t7kl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6w8w2j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hbq8jh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ffjq1v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/85kzrl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vwfbz4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vqixz0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nh6jqu.jpg)
+
+I took Suleiman to see my great-grandfather's courtyard, which is where my uncles live now. We looked at the geese and chickens raised at home, and picked some luffa, bitter melon, and winter melon. The home-grown bitter melon is very crunchy when stir-fried, and the winter melon meatball soup is delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1cf5go.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i1tsi8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8kux09.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/io6m1e.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/87riba.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a92f40.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b3b2f1.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wcvus1.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2v7vpm.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wnpct4.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ltufro.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/srzxxw.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t19tv3.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Hexiwu__Tianjin___Hometown_Memories__Mosques_and_Hui_Muslims.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Hexiwu__Tianjin___Hometown_Memories__Mosques_and_Hui_Muslims.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Hexiwu, Tianjin - Hometown Memories, Mosques and Hui Muslims"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2361"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2361"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:41Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "d2c87efe62ecc486f93905a22dcc87f9721cd7a5ea286642a84e67897f947a53"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Hexiwu, Tianjin - Hometown Memories, Mosques and Hui Muslims
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Halal Travel Guide: Hexiwu, Tianjin - Hometown Memories, Mosques and Hui Muslims is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear, natural English. The account focuses on Tianjin, Hui Muslims, Mosques while preserving the names, places, food, photos, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+On Saturday, I went back to my hometown with my family in Hexiwu Town, Wuqing District, Tianjin. My family farmed in Hexiwu Town for generations. After 1949, my grandfather answered the call to help build Beijing. He moved to the city and became a construction worker who helped build the Great Hall of the People and the National Museum of China.
+
+The house in the picture is the site of my family's old ancestral home. In the 1950s, my grandfather sold it to the supply and marketing cooperative so he could buy a house inside Fuchengmen in Beijing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/khjkrt.jpg)
+
+A small greenhouse at my uncle's house (my great-uncle's son).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/54m47s.jpg)
+
+The wheat fields in my hometown. Everything is lush and green right now.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eqvqsc.jpg)
+
+The Grand Canal section in Hexiwu. Hexiwu is known as the First Post Station of Tianjin, as it was the first stop for the Grand Canal when entering the city.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xn57jc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/28qce5.jpg)
+
+The view of the Hui Muslims' street in Hexiwu Town. Because it was a key hub for water transport, many Hui Muslim merchants lived in Hexiwu Town during the Ming and Qing dynasties. There was even a Hui Muslim camp to the southwest of the town, and many people eventually settled there.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lvh7ch.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/83f1vk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8tu4nx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2x4tl8.jpg)
+
+The Hexiwu Mosque was first built in the early years of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty. It was expanded during the Longqing reign, destroyed by a flood in the seventh year of the Kangxi reign, and rebuilt in the eighth year. It was renovated again in the third year of the Xuantong reign and in 1949. The mosque suffered severe damage between 1966 and 1976 and was destroyed after the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. It was rebuilt on the original site in 1988 and completed in 1990.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yius4y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w6jtx5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tu768q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ic34dx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/14abgh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cbdavd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/teae3v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n0iufq.jpg)
+
+The mosque houses an important artifact: a plaque reading "Wu Tai Gui Yi" (The Truth Returns to One) dedicated by Jin Yuqi, a third-rank official in the Xuantong reign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gnb5sj.jpg)
+
+The Chinese-Arabic plaque and the sign about slippers in front of the main prayer hall are also quite interesting.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tcdguk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8r3yjm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dyh63k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vs9tum.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z64wnb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uoe74w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/644tke.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/db037k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ghg3jw.jpg)
+
+After leaving the mosque, we bought some food to pack and take home for our fast.
+
+We first went to Xinpengzhai Restaurant to buy their specialty, golden-rimmed braised pancakes (jinbian koumen), which is beef and bean sprouts braised with pancakes and topped with fried egg. The egg was very fragrant. It was my first time eating braised pancakes this way, and it tasted great.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h6jwvt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1pux3u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ne7e77.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/run3j1.jpg)
+
+Then we went to the First Post Station Snack Street inside the Hexiwu farmers' market. The most famous item there is the yellow rice fried cake (huangmi zhagao) from the century-old shop Wangji Lirenzhai. We arrived a bit late, and the shop closed at 1:00 PM, so we just bought all the remaining fried cakes (zhagao).
+
+Lirenzhai is a Tianjin intangible cultural heritage site for the craft of making Hexiwu Lirenzhai fried cakes (zhagao). The Wang family's ancestral home is in Cangzhou, Hebei. In the late Qing Dynasty, they fled the war and arrived in Wuqing, first settling in Yangcun. Later, they heard that Hexiwu was densely populated and had a large community of Hui Muslims, so they moved to Hexiwu to settle down. In 1918, Wang Zhenlong inherited the family craft and officially set up a stall in Hexiwu, specializing in yellow rice fried cakes (zhagao). After 1958, the Wang family's fried cake business was merged into a cooperative store, and it was shut down after the 1960s. It was not until 1979 that the second-generation successor, Wang Jinyuan, inherited the family business and brought back the Wang family fried cakes. In 1999, the third-generation successor, Wang Xueren, took over and renamed it Lirenzhai, which is the name it uses today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/99u6k0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2986pj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/flgpdd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sl29q9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vz9dyl.jpg)
+
+Besides yellow rice fried cakes (zhagao), the fried crispy rolls (gezhe he) in Hexiwu are also very famous. Unlike the common version, the fried crispy rolls (gezhe he) here have fillings. They come in mung bean flour and white flour varieties, giving them a richer texture than the standard ones.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t1hisv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gf73pd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a971u9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f4xi9o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kzgu8d.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Hong_Kong___Hui_Muslim_History__Mosques_and_Community.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Hong_Kong___Hui_Muslim_History__Mosques_and_Community.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..495103c76e805da08a73ceeb14d5b2633a88c0cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Hong_Kong___Hui_Muslim_History__Mosques_and_Community.md
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Hong Kong — Hui Muslim History, Mosques and Community"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2281"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2281"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:41Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "44d26bdac5638ad1d18057aa8774963457e640bd976aa2163135d967ec8325a1"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Hong Kong — Hui Muslim History, Mosques and Community
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Hong Kong has a long Hui Muslim history shaped by migration, trade, mosques, and community life across more than a century. This account traces the city Muslim community changes through people, streets, mosques, and historical records from the Chinese source.
+
+I traveled to Hong Kong at the end of May 2023. Although I have been to Hong Kong many times, I find something new every time. I previously published an article about eating Indonesian, Pakistani, Iranian, and Tibetan food in Hong Kong, along with notes on some Indonesian sisters in Hong Kong, in my piece titled 2023 Hong Kong Halal Trip (Indonesian Javanese, Pakistani, Iranian, and Tibetan Food).
+
+During this trip to Hong Kong, I found two excellent books, A General Overview of Historical Materials on Hui Muslims in Hong Kong (Xianggang Huimin Shiliao Gailan) and The Crescent on Lion Rock (Shizishan Shang de Xinyue), which detail the changes among Hui Muslims in Hong Kong over the past century. I plan to combine the content from these two books with my own personal experiences from this trip to share how Hui Muslims in Hong Kong have progressed step by step from the late 19th century to today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0mffwh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v62wg2.jpg)
+
+**Jamia Mosque (Shelley Street Mosque)**
+
+The records say the first Hui Muslims to arrive in Hong Kong were likely those from Yunnan who came to do business via Myanmar in the late 19th century. Between 1852 and 1886, the British gradually annexed Myanmar from south to north, and Hui Muslims from Yunnan began traveling through Myanmar to Hong Kong for trade. In 1872, Ma Qixiang, a Hui Muslim from Yuxi, Yunnan, opened a branch of his business, Xing Shun He, in Hong Kong, dealing in medicinal herbs, jewelry, cotton yarn, and tin ore. These Yunnan Hui Muslims were known as Panthay people in British-ruled Myanmar, so people in Hong Kong referred to them in Cantonese as Bangdie Lao. However, the Hui Muslims from Yunnan during this period did not choose to settle in Hong Kong, and there are no descendants of them among today's Hui Muslims in Hong Kong.
+
+Starting from the end of the 19th century, Hui Muslims living in Guangzhou and Zhaoqing began to come to Hong Kong to settle. Early Hui Muslims from Guangdong were not numerous in Hong Kong. In the 1911 population census report released by the Hong Kong government, there were 250 Chinese people who practiced Islam. Before 1918, Hui Muslims in Hong Kong did not have their own religious venue, so they performed their religious duties at the Jamia Mosque (Shelley Street Mosque) built by Indian Muslims. According to the 1933 document Plans and Progress of the Hong Kong Islamic Fraternity Association, it is recorded: '... Hong Kong is located in the south, and before the founding of the Republic of China, there were few of our fellow believers living here.' After the revolution, due to war and floods, life became difficult, and many fellow believers from the mainland moved here to make a living. At first, all religious gatherings were held at the 'Moro Temple' (Moro Miao) built by Indian people.
+
+Jamia Mosque (Shelley Street Mosque) is the first mosque in Hong Kong, first built in the 1850s. After the British occupied Hong Kong Island in 1841, they immediately sent Muslim soldiers from British India to be stationed there. As Hong Kong Island was being built up in the 1840s, Indian Muslims arrived to work as police, security guards, and sailors, while a few wealthy merchants also came to open companies. At the request of Indian Muslims, the colonial government leased a piece of land in the Mid-Levels of Central near the barracks to four trustees representing the Muslim community in 1850. They built the first stone prayer hall in 1852, which was called the Mohammedan Mosque. The mosque began expanding in 1870 and was officially completed in 1890. It was rebuilt again in 1915, keeping only the original minaret, and has remained in use ever since. After 1945, the mosque was renamed Jamia Mosque. Its Chinese name is the Islamic Mosque and Prayer Hall, and Chinese locals also call it the Big Mosque or the Moro Mosque. Because it is located on Shelley Street, it is also called the Shelley Street Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dg5vga.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/34yo6h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6pq9f0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i4lx2a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7p4m9x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0sjnte.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0wtl7e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0335ww.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n0n4z3.jpg)
+
+Since the Central-Mid-Levels escalator was built in 1993, it is now very convenient for us to visit the Shelley Street Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1pwqyo.jpg)
+
+**Happy Valley Muslim Cemetery.**
+
+In 1870, the colonial government leased part of the land at Wong Nai Chung Gap in Happy Valley to Muslims for use as a cemetery and allowed the Muslim community to manage it themselves. Since then, many Hui Muslims who passed away in Hong Kong have been buried in the Happy Valley cemetery, and you can see the distribution of surnames among Hong Kong's Hui Muslims from this.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ljgtlm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/umisrz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7e67r1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3lnhcl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n97bnx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0u9y9b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n0jfa8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4mvoaz.jpg)
+
+The Yu family is an important Hui Muslim family from Guangzhou that came to settle in Hong Kong in the early 20th century. Today, next to the Ancient Tomb of the Worthies in Guangzhou, there is the Tomb of the Three Loyalists and the Three Loyalists Pavilion. They were built to honor three Hui Muslim generals—Yu Fengqi, Sa Zhifu, and Ma Chengzu—who died heroically defending Guangzhou when the Qing army attacked the city. Yu Fengqi is the ancestor of the Yu family of Hui Muslims. The inscription records that Yu Fengqi was a descendant of the Uyghur people. His distant ancestor, Yu Shifu, was a high-ranking military leader in Nanjing who helped suppress a rebellion in Guangdong and Guangxi during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, and then settled in the Hui Muslim camp in Guangzhou. In 1650, when Guangzhou was under siege, Yu Fengqi served as a regional commander and was responsible for defending the South Gate. When Guangzhou fell, the governor Du Yonghe led his officers to open the gates and flee. Some people tried to persuade Yu Fengqi to run away, but he scolded them severely. When the Qing army arrived, Yu Fengqi hanged himself at home to die for his country. Over a hundred members of his household were captured and killed. Only his sons, Yu Ying'ao and Yingxiang, survived because they were away studying with their teacher.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f0jipz.jpg)
+
+The Sa-surname Hui Muslims are one of the two remaining lineages of Tang and Song dynasty foreign settlers in Guangzhou. They also moved to Hong Kong to settle in the early 20th century. Between 1276 and 1278, the Southern Song and Mongol armies fought for two years, causing devastating damage to Guangzhou. To escape the war, many Muslim foreign settlers left Guangzhou, and many moved to Quanzhou. Today, among the local Hui Muslims in Guangzhou, only the Sa-surname Hui Muslims can be verified as descendants of the Tang and Song dynasty foreign settlers. Additionally, the Pu-surname families who have lived for generations in Zhugang Village and Pu Village in Guangzhou are also descendants of Tang and Song foreign settlers. However, they no longer show any traces of their foreign origins, and their customs are exactly the same as the local Han people.
+
+According to the Genealogy of the Sa Clan in Guangdong and Guangxi, our clan began with Muslim ancestors and established roots in China. It flourished in the Tang, continued to thrive in the Song, rose during the Yuan, branched out in the Ming, and spread across eastern and western Guangdong. According to the Guangzhou Prefecture Records, during the Zhizheng era of the Yuan dynasty, seventeen families led by Sa Dula guarded the Ancient Tombs of the Worthies and the mosque outside the Great North Gate. The Genealogy of the Sa Clan in Guangdong and Guangxi records that Sa Dula was a descendant of the Sa family. when the Qing army attacked Guangzhou at the end of the Ming dynasty, one of the Three Loyalists of Islam who died defending the city was named Sa Zhifu. According to the Sa family genealogy, the surnames Sa and Sa (Sa and Sa) are one family, and he was also a descendant of the Sa clan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ewa8de.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/12iyxe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4hj3mu.jpg)
+
+The Xu-surname Hui Muslims were the first Guangzhou Hui Muslim family to settle in Hong Kong. According to family records, the ancestors of the Xu-surname Hui Muslims moved south from the north to Guangdong during the Southern Song dynasty to escape the Jin people, and eventually settled in Guangzhou at the end of the Ming dynasty. Xu Yizhi served as a lieutenant (bazong) in the Left Battalion of the Guangzhou Garrison during the Guangxu era of the Qing dynasty. His children's generation began settling in Hong Kong in the 1880s.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hlraby.jpg)
+
+The ancestor of the Fu-surname Hui Muslims, Fu Yunfeng, was originally a Han person from Jinhua, Zhejiang. He went to Guangdong to do business during the Kangxi era. After being saved by the imam of the Haopan Mosque in Guangzhou when he was in danger, he lived in the mosque for a period and converted to Islam. Fu Yunfeng was a timber merchant. After becoming wealthy, he funded the reconstruction of the Haopan Mosque in Guangzhou and renovated the Huaisheng Mosque, Nansheng Mosque, the Ancient Tombs of the Worthies in Guangzhou, and the City East Mosque in Zhaoqing, making a great contribution to the development of the faith in Guangdong.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ygdlge.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9emttq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4lhkj4.jpg)
+
+The Liu-surname Hui Muslims moved from Zhaoqing. Their first ancestor, Liu Dichen, was from Xi'an Prefecture, Shaanxi. He came to Guangdong in the early Qing dynasty to suppress rebels and served as a commander in the Luoding Garrison of Guangdong. His descendants lived in Zhaoqing for generations.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vvjh4j.jpg)
+
+There are mainly two branches of Bao-surname Hui Muslims in Guangdong. The ancestors of the Bao Qingshan Tang family belonged to the Bordered Yellow Banner Han Army. They were transferred to Guangzhou from the capital in 1682 to serve in the garrison and lived for generations inside the West Gate of Guangzhou. The ancestor of the Bao Dunhe Tang family, A Bao Mu'er, came to Kunming Prefecture from Xinjiang. During the Kangxi and Yongzheng reigns of the Qing Dynasty, the second-generation descendant Bao Guowei went to Nanjing for business. Later, he brought his second son, Bao Tingzhi, to Guangzhou for business and settled there.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p3ikj1.jpg)
+
+**Chinese Muslim Fraternal Association**
+
+In the early 20th century, Hui Muslims from Guangzhou and Zhaoqing began moving to Hong Kong. Because they did not know English, most early Hui Muslims in Hong Kong could only work in low-paying jobs, and their influence was far less than that of the British Indian Muslims. Most of them were sailors, small vendors, and laborers, and many chose to live in the area around Canal Road Flyover (Goose Neck Bridge) in Wan Chai. At that time, every Friday for Jumu'ah, Hui Muslims had to climb the mountain to the Jamia Mosque (Shelley Street Mosque) in the Mid-Levels of Central for prayer, which was very inconvenient.
+
+In 1917, an important event affected the Hui Muslims in Hong Kong. The British Hong Kong government and British Indian Muslim representatives jointly formulated the 'Incorporated Trustees of the Islamic Community Fund of Hong Kong and Cemetery Management Regulations.' It stipulated that Hong Kong's mosques and Muslim cemeteries would be managed by the Incorporated Trustees, but the fund excluded Hui Muslims. This action sparked a strong reaction from the Hui Muslims in Hong Kong. To provide a nearby place for worship for Hui Muslims and to improve the education of their children, Ma Ruiqi, Suo Chuncheng, Tuo Shengchu, and others initiated the formation of an association in 1917. With funding from Ma Zijing and Tuo Wenying, they invited Imam Jin Yiqing from the Xiaodongying Mosque in Guangzhou to help with the planning. In 1918, they rented a storefront from businessman Tuo Shengchu on Wan Chai Road as their headquarters and officially established the 'Chinese Muslim Fraternal Association'. The initial Fraternal Association had 17 board members and invited Imam Chen Shaoqing from the Haopan Mosque in Guangzhou to serve as the religious leader. It became a Muslim organization with functions for worship, education, and service, and could accommodate over a hundred people during Jumu'ah.
+
+In 1922, the Fraternal Association purchased a two-story wooden warehouse at 7 Chendong Lane from Mr. Bama as a permanent site. It was officially registered in 1927 and rebuilt and completed in 1929. In 1953, the original site of the Fraternal Association was rebuilt into a four-story building, and it was expanded again in 1998 to its current form. It can be said that until the Islamic Centre on Oi Kwan Road was built in 1981, the Fraternal Association was the center of the Hui Muslim community in Hong Kong.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/48zy2r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tjoynv.jpg)
+
+The Tuo family of Hui Muslims moved from Guangzhou to Hong Kong in the early 20th century and was a very influential family among Hong Kong's Hui Muslims. In particular, the three Tuo brothers were highly respected among Hui Muslim workers. Tuo Weiying initially ran a paint shop on Sugar Street in Causeway Bay. Later, he worked as the head of the paint department at the tram company in Wan Chai and introduced many Hui Muslims to work at the tram company and the nearby electric company. In the 1940s and 1950s, Tuo Weiying served as the chairman of the Chinese Muslim Fraternal Association many times. After retirement, he remained enthusiastic about the association's affairs and was deeply respected by his fellow Muslims.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qnoj5h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4jeeks.jpg)
+
+**The halal food industry of Hui Muslims in Hong Kong.**
+
+The halal food culture of Hui Muslims in Hong Kong has a history of one hundred years. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, Ma Tingzhi, a founding member of the Bo'ai Society and a Hui Muslim from Guangzhou, began running Cantonese-style halal food businesses in Hong Kong. Another founding member, Ma Ruiqi, was a halal pastry chef. From the 1920s to the 1980s, Hui Muslims in Hong Kong centered their lives in Wan Chai and maintained a complete halal food system. At that time, cattle and sheep were shipped in from Guangzhou, slaughtered at a slaughterhouse in Sai Wan on Hong Kong Island, and then transported to Lianxing Beef Stall and Hou'an Beef Stall in the Central Market for sale. Quanchang Hao in Happy Valley supplied halal poultry and cured meats (lap mei).
+
+The Xu family of Hui Muslims was an important family in the Hong Kong halal food industry. They operated the Xinxin Halal Restaurant in Wan Chai in the 1930s. After Hong Kong was liberated in 1945, the Xu family began operating Xinchang Chicken and Duck at the Bowrington Market. Their signature dish was hanging-oven roasted duck (gua lu shao ya). Later, they opened the Xinchang Halal Restaurant, which featured white-cut lamb intestines (bai qie yang chang).
+
+Quanxiang Tea House and Satangji Tea Restaurant on Hennessy Road were important gathering places for Hui Muslims. Quanxiang Tea House was famous for its roasted meats (shao la), including hanging-oven roasted duck and fatty oil-duck. Satangji served both Cantonese and Western food, offering Western pastries and bread as well as congee, noodles, and rice.
+
+The attached images are advertisements from these various shops published in the Hong Kong Islamic Association's "Muslim Newsletter" between the 1950s and 1980s.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zlugpa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q2mmm0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dcu2vo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eor4mi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4v45dt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2xr90l.jpg)
+
+**Halal Huiji.**
+
+After the 1980s, as Hong Kong's economy took off, urban renewal in the Wan Chai area accelerated. The buildings where Hui Muslims lived and the factories where they worked were gradually converted into shopping malls, and the original Wan Chai Hui Muslim community slowly dissolved. At the same time, as the first generation of Hong Kong Hui Muslims from Guangzhou and Zhaoqing passed away (gui zhen), the second generation failed to provide religious education to their children. This led to a decline in religious awareness among the new generation of Hong Kong Hui Muslims, and the traditional halal food shops were left without successors and closed one after another.
+
+Today, the only remaining old-brand Hong Kong Hui Muslim halal roasted meat shop is Halal Huiji, located in the Bowrington Road Market in Wan Chai. It stands as a witness to the Hong Kong Hui Muslim halal food industry that flourished from the 1920s to the 1980s, and to the entire Wan Chai Hui Muslim community.
+
+The founder of Huiji was a Hui Muslim from Guangzhou named Zhou Hui, who originally started out making noodles. After World War II, life returned to normal, and in 1946, Zhou Hui moved from Guangzhou to Hong Kong to make a living. He opened the Huiji food stall with his daughter, Wan Chang, and it has now been running for three generations over 77 years. Besides the roast duck that Cantonese people love, Huiji is famous for its curry lamb brisket (gali yangnan). Boss Zhou created this curry recipe by combining Chinese spices to attract South Asian Muslim brothers, and it became popular with both Chinese and South Asian customers. Especially after the Islamic Centre on Oi Kwan Road was built in 1981, friends (dost) from all ethnic groups liked to come to the nearby Huiji for lunch after Friday prayers (Jumu'ah), and the curry lamb brisket became a must-order signature dish.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mx1u67.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4gkd9x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m6k220.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hx5hei.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kq2w5e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mvmwgj.jpg)
+
+**Kowloon Mosque**
+
+Before the 1940s, most Hui Muslims in Hong Kong came from Guangzhou and Zhaoqing, centering around the Bo'ai Society in Wan Chai. After 1949, the antique and jade trade in places like Beijing and Shanghai faced a huge impact, so many antique merchants moved south to Hong Kong to find business opportunities, including many Hui Muslims. In this way, a new northern Hui Muslim community began to form in Hong Kong.
+
+In the early 20th century, antique shops in Hong Kong were mainly concentrated around Hankow Road in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, and were mostly owned by people from Fujian. From 1949 through the 1950s, northern Hui Muslims opened fifty or sixty antique shops in Tsim Sha Tsui, with over a dozen of them on Hankow Road alone. These Hui Muslim owners bought goods from Beijing, Shanghai, and other places, then resold them to European and American tourists and overseas Chinese, making Hong Kong an important hub for antiques and jade. It wasn't until the mainland's reform and opening up allowed overseas buyers to purchase directly from the mainland, combined with the wave of emigration from Hong Kong after the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration, that the northern Hui Muslim antique industry in Tsim Sha Tsui gradually faded away.
+
+Among the northern Hui Muslims in the Tsim Sha Tsui antique business, the most famous were the Jin family from the Lumicang area of Beijing. The Jin family's ancestral home was in Jinan, Shandong. Their ancestor, Jin Yupei, came to Beijing during the Qianlong reign to serve as an imam at the Lumicang Mosque. The family settled in Beijing and later became a famous antique-dealing family. Jin Baolin, Jin Baohe, and Jin Baorui of the Jin family opened the Yihehao shop in Qingdao and Shanghai in the 1940s, and then opened a shop in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong, in 1949. there was the Great Wall Antique Company opened by the Zhang family, Ruixianghang opened by the Zhou family, Yishenghang opened by the Sha family, and the Tongcheng Trading Company opened by the Ma family.
+
+Because it is far from Wan Chai, most northern Hui Muslims in the Tsim Sha Tsui antique trade choose to perform their namaz at the Kowloon Mosque. The Kowloon Mosque was first built in 1896, originally for the British Indian Muslim soldiers stationed at the nearby Whitfield Barracks. After the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, South Asia was no longer a British colony, and these soldiers returned to their hometowns. Since then, the Kowloon Mosque has become the activity center for all Muslims living on the Kowloon Peninsula. Northern Hui Muslims make up a large part of the Kowloon Mosque, and the first imam after the war was Ma Xinyi, who was from Shandong.
+
+In 1978, when the subway was built in Tsim Sha Tsui, the Kowloon Mosque developed cracks from the construction and became a dangerous building. In this situation, northern Hui Muslims in Tsim Sha Tsui formed a mosque reconstruction committee. While raising funds, they also contacted Beijing to buy marble. They finally rebuilt the Kowloon Mosque in 1980, which is the building we see today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yyf3qf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v07hxu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bgst52.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hj6wun.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w85r83.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8y0eu0.jpg)
+
+In the Bowrington Road Market (Ejing Jieshi) in Wan Chai, there is a beef and lamb shop called Qiji run by the Sha family. The Sha family is originally from Shandong. During the War of Resistance, they took refuge in Guilin, Guangxi. During this time, Sha Yikun married Ma Qiuqin, the daughter of Imam Ma Xinyi. After the war, Imam Ma Xinyi served as the imam of the Kowloon Mosque. Sha Yikun came to the Kowloon Mosque to join Imam Ma and also became an apprentice at the Yihehao antique shop, which was owned by the Jin family at Luk Mi Chong in Tsim Sha Tsui. In the 1960s, the Sha family started their own business and opened the Yishengxing antique shop in Tsim Sha Tsui.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kjjeam.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3fc730.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8lelje.jpg)
+
+**Ammar Mosque (Aiqun Qingzhensi)**
+
+Since the 1980s, the center for Hong Kong Muslims has been the Ammar Mosque in Wan Chai. The Ammar Mosque can be traced back to the mosque built at 7 Seymour Road in 1864, which was rebuilt at the Happy Valley Muslim Cemetery in 1945. In 1976, to build the Aberdeen Tunnel, the British Hong Kong government planned to move some graves in the Happy Valley Muslim Cemetery and demolish the mosque inside the cemetery. After the news was published, Tu Weishan, the then-chairman of the Islamic Union, immediately expressed his opposition. He led Hong Kong Hui Muslims to write letters to the government many times to voice their opinions and started a petition. This made the British Hong Kong government finally give in, stop moving the graves, and grant a piece of land on Oi Kwan Road in Wan Chai to the Incorporated Trustees of the Islamic Community Fund of Hong Kong to build a new mosque. And so, the Ammar Mosque and Osman Ramju Sadick Islamic Centre was officially completed in 1981.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cklqrt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c35kl6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mnylut.jpg)
+
+We attended Jumu'ah prayer at Ammar Mosque, where Imam Yang Xingben gave a sermon (waaz) about Qurbani in Cantonese. This was my first time hearing a sermon (waaz) in Cantonese, and I found it very interesting. Imam Yang's ancestral home is Tai'an, Shandong. He studied at the China Islamic Institute and the International Islamic University in Pakistan. After graduating, he taught at the institute before being hired as an imam by the Islamic Union of Hong Kong.
+
+In the main prayer hall, you can see Hui Muslims as well as Muslims of South Asian and Southeast Asian descent. However, the Hui Muslims are mostly elderly, while the young people are mostly friends (dosti) from other ethnic groups. This situation exists not only in Hong Kong but also in Beijing, where the local elders are mostly older, while the young people are mostly friends (dosti) from other regions or countries.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zzm8d4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k81b92.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mvzglt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lcpwh3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zyj0fs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xs1rka.jpg)
+
+The 7th floor of the Ammar Mosque houses the office of the Islamic Union of Hong Kong, where you can pick up a copy of the Quran (Guran'e) in traditional Chinese characters, sponsored by the Islamic Women's Association of Hong Kong. The Islamic Union of Hong Kong was founded in 1905. It is the second oldest Muslim organization in Hong Kong after the Incorporated Trustees of the Islamic Community Fund of Hong Kong. Authorized by the Trustees, it manages the Ammar Mosque and plays a leading role in promoting communication and cultural activities among Hong Kong's various Muslim communities. Since the main association for Hui Muslims in Hong Kong, the Po Oi Tong, has never joined the Incorporated Trustees, the Islamic Union has become the primary way for Hui Muslims to participate in the affairs of the Trustees.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b3tebw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zr8gs0.jpg)
+
+**Islamic Centre Canteen**
+
+A restaurant opened on the 5th floor of the Ammar Mosque after 2005. It is currently the only halal Hong Kong-style tea restaurant in Hong Kong, and I eat here every time I visit. It is very popular with Muslims of all ethnic groups, not just Hui Muslims, and it is always very busy on Jumu'ah.
+
+We ordered beef rice noodle rolls (changfen), steamed chicken feet in black bean sauce (chizhi zheng fengzhua), steamed beef balls (shanzhu niurou), braised beef tripe (lu niudu), and four-treasure rolls (sibaozha). The four-treasure rolls are bean curd skin wrapped around chicken, mushrooms, crab sticks, and baby corn. Except for the rice noodle rolls being a bit thick, everything else was delicious. Zainab said it was the best meal she had during this trip to Hong Kong.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kejdzq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/whc80p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a0bfx2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/csb5fz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fd58d7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qtqb6p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/imxgkl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/almw6h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3pvzz1.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Huai_an__Jiangsu___Mosques__Hui_Muslims_and_Local_History.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Huai_an__Jiangsu___Mosques__Hui_Muslims_and_Local_History.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68705f3c97da2ef126786cccda936af129be9760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Huai_an__Jiangsu___Mosques__Hui_Muslims_and_Local_History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Huai an, Jiangsu - Mosques, Hui Muslims and Local History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2347"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2347"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:48Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "96c6818ca7865ab694fe6960dc43a394316424e9d8b7cb76d57d84631fe26e24"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Huai an, Jiangsu - Mosques, Hui Muslims and Local History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Jiangsu travel account revisits Huai an in 2017 through mosques, Hui Muslim community history, streets, and local food. It preserves the original notes on removed source material, place names, architectural details, and historical references.
+
+Because the article was taken down, I have revised and reposted it.
+
+On March 11, 2017, I went to Huai'an, Jiangsu, to explore the food and sights. I visited three places: Qingjiangpu, Hexia, and Wangjiaying. I will introduce them to you one by one.
+
+**Qingjiangpu**
+
+In 1415 (the 13th year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty), Chen Xuan, the Earl of Pingjiang, dredged Qingjiangpu. He built the Changying Granary, which stretched for several miles, and the massive Qingjiang Shipyard. He conscripted over 6,000 craftsmen, and grain transport ships from every province were repaired and built here. As a hub for grain transport, the town of Qingjiangpu gradually took shape and became increasingly prosperous.
+
+Because navigating the Yellow River section of the canal was very dangerous and waiting times to pass through locks in Shandong were too long, many merchants and travelers chose to leave their boats at Qingjiangpu. They would cross the Yellow River at Wangjiaying and switch to horse-drawn carriages to continue north. Qingjiangpu became a transportation hub known for "southern boats and northern horses."
+
+In 1677 (the 16th year of the Kangxi reign), the Director-General of Grain Transport moved to Qingjiangpu, making it the center of the grain transport system. In his collection of notes and stories, "Seven Inks of the Golden Pot" (Jinhu Qimo), the Qing Dynasty writer Huang Junzai recorded: "Along the Qingjiang River for over ten miles, the markets were prosperous and filled with goods. People from all directions gathered here, with shoulders rubbing and carriage wheels touching; it was truly magnificent."
+
+However, due to the dual impact of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom capturing Nanjing in 1853 (the third year of the Xianfeng reign) and the Yellow River bursting its banks and changing course at Tongwaxiang in 1855 (the fifth year of the Xianfeng reign), the canal began to fall into disrepair and silt up. In 1860, the Nian Army captured Qingjiangpu, and its twenty-mile-long bustling market streets were burned down. In 1873, the Qing government ordered the China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company to transport grain from Shanghai to Tianjin by steamship, causing Qingjiangpu to decline rapidly. After the Jinpu Railway opened in 1912, Qingjiangpu declined even further. When the new Grand Canal was completed in 1959, Qingjiangpu finally ended its history as a transportation hub.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o2bdoi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/teta1v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sfi9mb.jpg)
+
+**Qingjiang Mosque**
+
+The most important wharf in Qingjiangpu is next to Yuezha. It is called the Imperial Wharf (Yu Matou) because both the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors landed there during their southern inspection tours. This was once the most prosperous and lively place in Qingjiangpu.
+
+Starting from the Ming Dynasty, Hui Muslims did business on Yuehe Street in front of the Imperial Wharf. This gradually formed the Yuehe Street Hui Muslim community in Qingjiangpu, and the center of this community is the Qingjiang Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wgdtbg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9bpsy4.jpg)
+
+Qingjiang Mosque was originally called Yuanpu Mosque. It was first built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty and underwent large-scale renovations and expansions in 1799 (the 57th year of the Qianlong reign). In 1860 (the 10th year of the Xianfeng reign), the Nian Army captured Qingjiangpu and destroyed the mosque. The imam, Ma Huanwen, unfortunately passed away from illness while raising funds for its reconstruction. Fortunately, an elder from Nanjing named Jiang Hengqing took over. He organized everyone to raise funds, and they finally rebuilt the main prayer hall in 1870 (the 9th year of the Tongzhi reign).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/402pwr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q3rr8f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o4vgkv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lgv5rx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zml6yo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3vj39b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n9d0v8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9i4ctg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/etyoii.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4rhw6p.jpg)
+
+The 1870 (9th year of the Tongzhi reign) stele inscription titled 'Record of Rebuilding the Mosque Main Hall' inside the mosque tells the history of Qingjiang Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aribd1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m2ldrt.jpg)
+
+In 1910 (the 2nd year of the Xuantong reign), Qingjiang Mosque established Muying Primary School next to the mosque to teach both Chinese and Arabic. The famous historian Professor Pang Pu once studied there. Today, the school building is destroyed, and no traces remain.
+
+To the west of the mosque once stood the former residence of Zuo Baogui, known as the Zuo Mansion. General Zuo Baogui led his troops to defend the Xuanwu Gate in Pyongyang during the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894 (the 20th year of the Guangxu reign), dealing heavy blows to the Japanese army. On September 15, General Zuo Baogui personally lit a cannon to fire. His right arm was blown off, but he bandaged the wound and kept fighting. He was eventually hit in the chest by a shell and died a heroic death at the age of 57. That same year, the Yangzhou government followed an imperial decree to build a cenotaph for Zuo Baogui next to the Puhading Tomb in Yangzhou, which is still preserved today.
+
+Qingjiang Mosque stopped its activities and was occupied in 1966. It was renovated in 1979 and has been open ever since.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/klxueq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jxy15d.jpg)
+
+**Halal food in Qingjiangpu.**
+
+There are over ten halal restaurants in Qingjiangpu. Just on the Yuehe Snack Street in front of the mosque, there are eight, and each one has its own specialty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9mitlv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0fzyxu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c47pzy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iibf6e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/amkirp.jpg)
+
+Liu Si Noodle Shop serves chicken noodle soup with fish balls, beef balls, and squid. The fish balls are super delicious, and the soup is excellent. It feels great to finish a bowl. However, the owner said this area will be demolished in a year or two, so they will likely have to move.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xlokf1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q7hsrx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/demokn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/se80i4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6pdi1q.jpg)
+
+Salted goose (yanshui e) from Sha's Beef Shop.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jnc1d2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2hqpfe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/muuj6h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cct98j.jpg)
+
+Wonton noodles (huntun mian) from Ding Si Wonton Noodle Shop.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9ql6f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6hfsxy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5qzchx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dw4c6t.jpg)
+
+**Little sparrows (fried mini wontons).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0kujna.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4g9tif.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2nu1am.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s9ukut.jpg)
+
+Seman Cafe is run by local Hui Muslims. They serve tea in the afternoon and grilled skewers at night. I ordered Arabic coffee, dates, and date milk. The atmosphere is quite nice.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uyzvvc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v2i2i9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0q4g7s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/572zw3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qk8chd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hg97bn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nqjq1a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tmu2pp.jpg)
+
+Saudi perfume.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fmbvu4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hzp75d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/236hxv.jpg)
+
+I read for a while in the cafe. There are many books on the shelves.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kvq9o6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g4fsht.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jkwoaq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zuz9i8.jpg)
+
+Finally, I bought some Dubai wheat soda.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kphnt9.jpg)
+
+**Hexia Ancient Town.**
+
+Travel south along the Grand Canal from Qingjiangpu, and you will reach Hexia Ancient Town, not far northwest of the Huai'an Prefecture city. Hexia is the largest town in the suburbs of Huai'an. Its historical official name was Manpu. After Emperor Shizong of the Later Zhou Dynasty attacked the Southern Tang, he set up the Manpu Customs here and built dams and locks. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, Hexia developed into an important canal town.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zu39gu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/akmzbs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j1yhhe.jpg)
+
+Because the salt fields along the coast of Huaibei produced high-quality salt, many salt merchants from the northwest and Anhui came to Huaibei during the late Ming Dynasty. The Huaibei Salt Transport Office was located in Hexia. Salt from the fields had to be shipped to Hexia for inspection before merchants sold it elsewhere. Hexia then entered its most prosperous period. Salt merchants built gardens and courtyards there. The Qing Dynasty record "Hexia Annals of Huai'an" states: "Wealthy salt merchants brought their capital and made their homes in Hexia, making the town extremely prosperous." The wealth brought by these merchants made the town's business thrive, and many Hui Muslims also came to settle in Hexia.
+
+In 1831 (the 11th year of the Daoguang reign), Liangjiang Governor Tao Peng implemented the ticket salt law in Huaibei, requiring permits to transport salt. Many salt merchants went bankrupt quickly. This event is known as the "Salt Reform," and Hexia Ancient Town began to decline from then on.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/udpar8.jpg)
+
+Hexia Mosque was first built in the Ming Dynasty. In 1860 (the 10th year of the Xianfeng reign), when the Nian Army captured Huai'an, 10 rooms of the mosque were burned down, but it was later rebuilt. After 1966, Hexia Mosque stopped its activities and four rooms were damaged. It resumed activities in 1986 and recently underwent major renovations to reach its current state.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3sln3v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hsyj4g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r2yuvz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3896b4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9socyc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9mbl0j.jpg)
+
+When we visited, the Hexia Mosque was empty. Imam Sha was running a beef and lamb shop on the other side of town and only goes to the mosque when needed.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lgnjk2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/81vrt4.jpg)
+
+In the early years of the Republic of China, a Hui Muslim named Zhang Bu'ao opened the Kaifuxingzhai Halal Restaurant in Hexia Town. It was a famous halal restaurant at the time with 11 rooms, two of which faced the street. The building still stands today and is listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Huai'an City.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hqrrae.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2s3xzz.jpg)
+
+**Halal snacks in Hexia Town.**
+
+The second issue of Jiangsu Muslims in 2016 featured an article titled Famous Halal Products, Restaurants, and Snacks in Huai'an, provided by the Huai'an Islamic Association. The article mentions that in the late Qing Dynasty, a Hui Muslim named Li in Hexia Town applied noodle-pulling techniques to making fried dough twists (sanzi), creating a unique version of the snack. The Li family's fried dough twists (sanzi) are made with sesame oil and no alkaline additives, allowing them to be shaped into fans, combs, pagodas, and other patterns.
+
+Halal tea-flavored fried dough twists (sanzi) in Hexia Town today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gd7yen.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ktende.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nqwwcc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8rnri4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/810cbp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/deftiu.jpg)
+
+There is also a type of sweet cake.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8lgx5f.jpg)
+
+Hexia Town once had a teahouse opened by a Hui Muslim named Chen Yongyuan during the Xianfeng era. The lintel above the door was inscribed with the word Halal in red, Chen Yongyuan in the middle, and Teahouse at the bottom. This piece is now in the collection of the Chuzhou Museum. Every morning, someone was sent to fetch water from the Grand Canal. After returning, they used alum to clarify the water, then boiled it to brew famous teas like Longjing and Biluochun. People came to the teahouse every morning to drink tea and chat in a constant stream.
+
+Today, there is still a halal snack shop on Zhugan Lane in Hexia Town, where we had some very delicious shredded chicken noodles.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/70pig8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gsgg3s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rzsjbi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hv7sv6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nx31r3.jpg)
+
+**Wangjiaying.**
+
+Wangjiaying, now called Wangying, is located between the old Yellow River course and the Yan River. During the Ming Dynasty, the Dahe Guard was established in Huai'an Prefecture, and ten military camps were built along the Yellow River. Wangjiaying was one of them.
+
+Because travel on the Yellow River section of the canal was slow and passing through the locks was dangerous, often leading to broken cables and sunken boats, many merchants chose to leave their boats at Qingjiangpu. They would cross the Yellow River at Wangjiaying and switch to horse-drawn carriages to continue north. Wangjiaying and Qingjiangpu gradually grew into busy towns together.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g0yj6o.jpg)
+
+**The old Yellow River course before 1855.**
+
+Wangjiaying experienced many Yellow River floods, and the town moved east three times before reaching its current location. Wangjiaying became more prosperous in the early Qing Dynasty. The Wangjiaying Gazetteer records that it was a place where southern boats and northern horses met and crowds gathered. In 1831, the Viceroy of Liangjiang, Tao Peng, implemented a salt ticket system in Huaibei. Known as the salt reform, this meant sea salt from Huaibei salt fields no longer needed to be inspected and taxed in Hexia Town. Tao Peng chose Xiba in Wangjiaying as the new distribution center for Huai salt. Because of this, Wangjiaying became the center for eighteen salt warehouses and seventy-two salt bureaus. Salt boats traveled constantly along the three-hundred-mile waterway between the Huaibei salt fields and Wangjiaying.
+
+The rise of Wangjiaying during the Qing Dynasty led to Hui Muslims settling there. The first Hui Muslims to arrive in Wangjiaying were the Ma and Sha families, who came from Lingzhou in Gansu by way of Shandong and Zhenjiang. Later, families named Jin, Dai, Chang, Ge, Fan, Li, and Yang also settled here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1wtgcc.jpg)
+
+The history of the Wangjiaying Mosque is documented in the book A Century-Old Mosque in the Ancient City of Huaiyin by Imam Fan Weiming and in The Past and Present of Wangying Mosque by Mao Lifa, the former director of the Huaiyin District CPPCC Cultural and Historical Committee. I have organized that information here.
+
+The Wangjiaying Mosque was first built during the Yongzheng reign as three thatched rooms next to the lotus pond at Wangjiapo. At the end of the Daoguang reign, it moved to the south bank of the Salt River, with Imams Chang Tingzhang and Dai Mingxuan in charge of religious affairs. Imam Chang Tingzhang, known as Third Master Chang, was originally from Jining, Shandong. He was born in 1785 in Taoyuan County, Huai'an Prefecture, Jiangsu (now Siyang). In his youth, he studied in Lingzhou, Gansu (now Lingwu, Ningxia), and after completing his studies, he visited various places in Jining, Shandong, to continue his religious education. In 1810, at the age of 26, Imam Chang Tingzhang was invited to lead the Wangjiaying Mosque. Imam Chang Tingzhang had deep knowledge of Arabic classics, astronomy, and medical theory. According to the Wangjiaying Gazetteer, a man named Third Master Tao from Hangzhou died in Huai'an during the Daoguang reign. Because it was the heat of summer, Imam Chang Tingzhang personally bought a boat to transport the body south along the Grand Canal to Hangzhou to fulfill his duty to the family.
+
+In 1860, the Nian Army entered Wangjiaying and burned the mosque. In 1867, Imam Dai Jingzhai, the son of Imam Dai Mingxuan, built a few thatched huts, and later, with donations from the community, a main prayer hall with three thatched rooms was constructed.
+
+Imam Chang Tingzhang passed away in 1870, and Imam Dai Jingzhai took over religious affairs. In 1884, the thatched rooms were rebuilt with tile roofs. Because Imam Chang Tingzhang had studied at the Jahriyya order's Daotang in Lingzhou, Ningxia, in his youth, the Wangjiaying Mosque later invited five successive Jahriyya imams from Ningxia to lead religious affairs and teach. Subsequent imams also went to Ningxia for further study. This made the Wangjiaying Mosque one of the nine branch centers of the Banqiao Daotang in Ningxia, maintaining a very close relationship with the Banqiao Daotang in Wuzhong, Ningxia.
+
+In 1912, the mosque built a new main gate, a south lecture hall, a kitchen, and a washroom. In 1920, with funding from the Jinshantang in Gansu and money from selling dozens of willow trees from the public cemetery, they rebuilt the three-room tiled eave structure in front of the main prayer hall and added a new three-room east lecture hall.
+
+In 1958, the Wangjiaying Mosque moved to the east side of West Ma Road in Wangying, and in 1961, it moved to its current location because a bank needed the land to build. In 1966, during the campaign to destroy the Four Olds, the main hall's plaques reading "The Way Spreads to the Central Land," "The Faith Follows the Western Regions," and "Stop at the Ultimate Good," along with the gold-lettered Arabic plaques and the couplets reading "See the invisible, hear the soundless, rectify the mind and be sincere, become a sage or a worthy, original nature;" were all smashed or burned. The couplet continued, "The Way stands, movement brings harmony, reach others through oneself, help things and help the world, all is complete," and these were also destroyed, along with funeral equipment, while the main hall was taken over by a shoe and hat factory to use as a warehouse.
+
+In 1979, under the leadership of Imam Ge Weili, the Wangjiaying Mosque was rebuilt in a traditional style, finishing in 1985, and after two more renovations and expansions in 2003 and 2006, it reached its current appearance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/be3dl4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qbu8bc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l0a22q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/93z5z1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2oww5x.jpg)
+
+Imam Ge Weili was born in 1924, went to Ningxia to study in 1937, became the imam of Wangjiaying Mosque after completing his training in 1945, served as the imam in 1966, and later became the vice president of the Jiangsu Islamic Association and president of the Huai'an Islamic Association. The religious affairs of the Wangjiaying Mosque are now handled by Imam Fan Weiming, a student of Imam Ge Weili.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/umhb6c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9qpra4.jpg)
+
+**Halal food in Wangjiaying.**
+
+The second issue of "Jiangsu Muslims" in 2016 featured an article titled "Famous Halal Products, Shops, and Foods in Huai'an," provided by the Huai'an Islamic Association, which wrote about the halal food in Wangjiaying.
+
+In 1831 (the 11th year of the Daoguang reign), after the salt administration expanded at Xiba in Wangjiaying, Imam Dai Mingxuan of the Wangjiaying Mosque opened a halal restaurant at the north end of Yushan Street, hiring the best local chefs and making it a high-end spot where many Huai'an officials and nobles held banquets.
+
+In 1860 (the 10th year of the Xianfeng reign), after the Nian Army broke through Wangjiaying, the halal restaurant and the mosque were both destroyed in the war. In 1886 (the 12th year of the Guangxu reign), with everyone's help, Imam Dai Jingzhai, the son of Imam Dai Mingxuan, reopened the halal restaurant at the North Weimen gate in Wangjiaying. The halal restaurant was forced to close after 1937, reopened after 1945, but struggled due to the following wars. After the public-private partnership in 1958, the halal restaurant merged into the Huaiyin Food and Beverage Company No. 2, with Ma Hengpu serving as manager. At the end of 1959, it moved to Beijing Road, featuring three storefront rooms in the front and four kitchen rooms in the back, with Wang Jinbiao taking over as manager. After the 1970s, Li Haiquan took over as manager and renamed it the Hui Muslims Restaurant (Huimin Fandian). In the 1980s, Ma Hengbao led the construction of a new two-story building, and Dai Peng took over as manager. In March 2003, the Hui Muslims Restaurant was restructured, the original staff were all bought out, and it became a private enterprise.
+
+The beef jerky (niupu) made by Ma Wu in Wangjiaying is also very famous. Ma Wu's real name was Ma Guowu. During the Taiping Rebellion, his grandfather Ma Xingyuan moved from Shaanxi to Mule Horse Street (Luoma Jie) in Wangjiaying and supported his family with his ancestral beef jerky craft. By Ma Wu's generation, the business grew larger, and the storefront was rebuilt from three single-story rooms into a multi-story building. Ma Wu chose only the best lean yellow beef. After cutting it into pieces, he sprinkled it with salt and saltpeter brine, rubbed it thoroughly, and put it in a vat to cure. It took one week in winter, and a few days less in other seasons before it was ready to be taken out. After taking it out of the vat, he drained the brine and put the meat into a pot. He added old brine, rock sugar, fennel, soy sauce, almonds, galangal, and over ten other ingredients. He brought it to a boil and then simmered it over low heat for 7 hours until it was done.
+
+In 1954, during the public-private partnership, Ma Wu became a worker at the Wangying Town Bean Products Factory. After the reform and opening up, he returned to his old trade until he passed away (guizhen) in February 1999 during Eid al-Adha (Jierbang Jie). None of his children inherited the family business, and the Wangjiaying Ma family beef jerky was lost from then on.
+
+After this, another Hui Muslim from Wangjiaying, Fan Weishun, put up the sign for Fan's Beef Jerky (Fanji Niupu). Fan Weishun learned to make beef jerky from his father, Fan Degao, since he was a child. He innovated the traditional curing technique and figured out methods for making tender and firm beef, as well as techniques for using high, medium, low, simmering, and intense heat. This made Fan's Beef Jerky comparable to the Ma Wu beef jerky of the past.
+
+Li's Fried Dough Sticks (Li Ji Youdatou) are an ancestral craft of the Li family, who are Hui Muslims in Wangjiaying. They put the prepared dough in a basin and use two bamboo sticks to pick it up and scrape it into a pot that is high on one side and low on the other. The finished fried dough sticks are less than 3 inches long and 3 centimeters thick. They are golden in color, crispy on the outside, tender on the inside, and have a soft texture. The dough for these fried dough sticks is softer than that used for regular fried dough sticks (youtiao), and it contains less alkali, alum, and salt.
+
+In 1956, during the joint operation of individual enterprises and workshops, the Li's Fried Dough Sticks shop was merged into the Wangying Central Store, Dahua Restaurant. After the enterprise reform in 1984, the elder Mr. Li retired. No descendants inherited the craft, and Li's Fried Dough Sticks were lost from then on.
+
+In the past, the halal pastries from the Huaiyin Hui Muslim Food Factory were very famous. They made over ten types of treats, including golden twisted dough sticks (jinsi mahua), pineapple cakes (boluo bing), and heart-shaped cakes (fanxin bing) that children loved. For the elderly, they had laughing cookies (kaikouxiao), red bean paste mooncakes (dousha yuebing), and black sesame and salt-and-pepper mooncakes (heizhima jiaoyan yuebing). Farmers also enjoyed their harvest mooncakes (fengshou yuebing) and rock sugar pastries (bingtang su).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vwrufx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l03s4s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ih82yw.jpg)
+
+**A witness to the Grand Canal**
+
+Inside the courtyard of the Huaiyin District Library in Wangjiaying, there is a tomb for Zheng Wenying, a high-ranking official from the Ryukyu Kingdom. Zheng Wenying was a high-level translator for the Ryukyu Kingdom. His ancestors were among the thirty-six families of Fujian boatmen gifted to Ryukyu by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. After these Fujian boatmen arrived in Ryukyu, they handled navigation, shipbuilding, writing and translating diplomatic documents, and trade with China. Zheng Wenying was the fifteenth generation of this family.
+
+During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tribute envoys from Ryukyu traveled along the Grand Canal to reach Beijing. In 1761, the twenty-sixth year of the Qianlong reign, the Qingkou Post Station was established in Wangjiaying. It served as an important stop for Ryukyuan tribute envoys to rest and resupply. In 1793, the fifty-eighth year of the Qianlong reign, Zheng Wenying traveled with a tribute mission from the Ryukyu Kingdom. He fell ill and passed away while passing through the Qingkou Post Station in Wangjiaying, where he was buried.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wfisyv.jpg)
+
+The site of the Governor-General of Grain Transport Office in the center of Huai'an Prefecture. This location officially became the Governor-General of Grain Transport Office in 1579, the seventh year of the Wanli reign of the Ming dynasty. In October 1945, the New Fourth Army captured Huai'an city and dismantled the main hall to transport the wood away. In August 2002, the site was excavated during urban renewal, leading to the construction of the Governor-General of Grain Transport Office Site Park.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q12uak.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Hui_Muslims_on_the_Ulan_Butong_Grassland.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Hui_Muslims_on_the_Ulan_Butong_Grassland.md
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+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Hui_Muslims_on_the_Ulan_Butong_Grassland.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Hui Muslims on the Ulan Butong Grassland"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2522"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2522"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:43Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "c16f6f9178910f14ffbd497c7d398a08b9512e7145e39edb746ed919d7f50b34"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Hui Muslims on the Ulan Butong Grassland
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** The Ulan Butong Grassland in Inner Mongolia is shown through its scenery, travel route, and Hui Muslim mosque communities around the area. This account keeps the place names, mosque notes, food details, and photographs from the original trip.
+
+We started from Jingpeng Town in Hexigten Banner, Chifeng, and reached the Ulan Butong Grassland after a one-hour drive. We bought tickets to enter the grassland, rode a camel cart, walked along the wooden boardwalk, and went horseback riding. The cool weather and strong winds could not stop everyone's excitement for exploring the grassland. This was also Suleiman's first time seeing a grassland and riding a horse. He went from being afraid to even look at the horses to riding one on his own, showing how much braver the young man has become.
+
+Inside the Ulan Butong scenic area is General's Pond (Jiangjun Paozi), an ancient battlefield where the Qing Dynasty fought the Dzungar Khanate in 1690. The Qing army, led by Prince Yu Fuquan, fought fiercely for several days here against the Oirat Mongol army led by Galdan, until Galdan ran out of ammunition and retreated. This is also a great place to reflect on history.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mmu902.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2rbk0b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hz8o7o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/20gx8e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qm00re.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w0ub6f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qzy794.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q13sl1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6nn29o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p7nwfo.jpg)
+
+The biggest surprise of this trip to Ulan Butong was learning that more than 80 Hui Muslim households live inside the scenic area, and there is even a mosque (sifang).
+
+After finishing our tour of the Ulan Butong scenic area, we exited through the east gate to have lunch. The map showed four hand-pulled noodle shops in Junmachang Village of Ulan Butong Sum, and the first one we saw by the road was one of them. We parked and went inside, but it was very crowded. A young couple was busy pulling noodles non-stop. We asked and found out there were ten orders ahead of us, so we left to try the next place. The navigation for the second shop was slightly off, and we missed the turn, so we went straight to the third and fourth shops. The third and fourth shops were right next to each other, and both served hand-pulled noodles. I was ready to park at the third one, but Zaynab had a sharp eye and noticed the fourth one also served home-style dishes, so we parked at the fourth one.
+
+Once inside, we saw the menu on the wall featured Mongolian food and home-style dishes from local Hui Muslims. We asked and learned that the shop is run by local Hui Muslims. We ordered pot tea (guocha), yogurt pancakes (suannai bing), fried milk tofu (jiasha naidoufu), and stomach-wrapped meat (dubao rou). We really enjoyed this Mongolian meal! The pot tea came with milk skin (naipi), milk tofu (naidoufu), clotted cream (naijiaoke), fried millet (chaomi), and dried meat (fenggan rou). Our whole family loved it. They first stir-fried pure butter in the pot until fragrant, then poured in the milk tea. The milky flavor was incredibly rich, something you just cannot find in the city. Gasha milk tofu (gasha naidoufu) is a hit with kids and a specialty of the pastoral areas.
+
+They renovated their guesthouse this year. In the morning, they serve Mongolian steamed buns (menggu baozi), Mongolian fried dough (menggu guozi), and lamb offal soup (yangza tang). If you are a fellow Muslim (dosti) looking for a place to stay in Ulan Butong, you can choose their place, called Rujia Huayi Guesthouse. Their restaurant is smoke-free and alcohol-free. The kitchen is very clean, and the staff are friendly. You can experience the local Hui Muslim culture of the grasslands here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/plkha2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7lojny.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2xua8s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ixdmkn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/45q4hw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zmaz19.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rn2w00.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2ribes.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3wop26.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bgvrn1.jpg)
+
+Following directions from the lady at the restaurant, we went to the Ulan Butong Mosque (Ulan Butong si). Behind the mosque is a large pine forest, and the environment is beautiful. The imam at the mosque is surnamed Wang and is from Cangzhou. He said that fellow Muslims (dosti) from Changying, Beijing, often visit the mosque.
+
+In 1956, responding to a call, dozens of Hui Muslim families moved from Jingpeng Town in Chifeng to the vast grasslands of Hongshanzi to farm the land. They later formed a united ethnic cooperative, and today more than 80 Hui Muslim families still live here. After the Ulan Butong scenic area was established, more and more Hui Muslims came to visit, so the Ulan Butong Mosque was officially built in 2006.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/17gfny.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4ejfcd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/blgpqe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kv6682.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7qjz3q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/812h8m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xu9cts.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4kawbi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1jfz4b.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Inner_Mongolia___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_1.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Inner_Mongolia___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_1.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Inner Mongolia - 12 Historic Mosques, Part 1"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2571"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2571"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:57Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "cd8e7ddb3d6bb5d445fdaa513f733f131c05ce1d768ba58ed394201d7c06e47c"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Inner Mongolia - 12 Historic Mosques, Part 1
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This first part of the Inner Mongolia mosque series introduces historic Hui Muslim mosques shaped by Qing-era migration, frontier trade, and settlement on the grasslands. The article covers founding dates, mosque layouts, carved woodwork, inscriptions, and the communities that built and maintained these sites.
+
+I am sharing 12 historic mosque buildings I visited in Inner Mongolia, moving from east to west.
+
+Chifeng North Mosque: First built in 1739 and rebuilt in 1747.
+
+Jingpeng Mosque: First built in 1852 and rebuilt in 1908.
+
+Duolun South Mosque: First built during the Yongzheng reign and expanded in 1761.
+
+Duolun North Mosque: Built in 1798.
+
+Duolun West Mosque: Built in 1880.
+
+Duolun Central Mosque: First built in 1908 and rebuilt in 1935.
+
+Longshengzhuang Mosque: First built in 1751 and expanded in 1831 and 1926.
+
+Hohhot Great Mosque: First built in 1693 and expanded in 1798 and 1925.
+
+Chasuqi Great Mosque: First built in 1760 and rebuilt in 1909.
+
+Salaqi Mosque: First built in 1747 and renovated in 1947.
+
+Baotou Great Mosque: First built in 1743, renovated in 1833, and expanded in 1913.
+
+Baotou Small Mosque: First built in 1908 and rebuilt in 1918.
+
+**Chifeng North Mosque**
+
+During the early Qing Dynasty, Hui Muslims from Shandong and Hebei provinces kept traveling through Gubeikou and Chengde to find work in eastern Inner Mongolia. In the 1730s, ten Hui Muslim families with surnames like Zhang, Ma, and Bai moved from Shandong and Hebei to settle in Chifeng. They were known as the ten great Hui Muslim families or the original settlers (zhanshanhu).
+
+In 1739 (the fourth year of the Qianlong reign), a community elder named Zhang Yueming led the effort to lease seven point six mu of land from a Mongol prince. They built five mud rooms and a three-room main prayer hall, which became the first Chifeng mosque.
+
+In 1742 (the seventh year of the Qianlong reign), elder Ma Fen, who once ran the Desheng Security Bureau in Shenyang, started a project to rebuild the mosque. He bought a plot of land, and the imam and several elders traveled to different places to collect donations through fundraising letters (nietie). Afterward, elder Ma Fen went to Shenyang to hire craftsmen. Construction took four years and finished in 1747 (the twelfth year of the Qianlong reign). All the wood used came from red pine trees in the mountains south of Chifeng. From then on, the imam of the North Mosque was always a scripture reader from the Ma family line.
+
+The main prayer hall of the North Mosque consists of a front porch (juanpeng), the main hall, the rear niche (yaodian), and a moon-sighting tower (wangyuelou) on top of the niche. The moon-sighting tower has a double-eaved hexagonal roof with a gilded bronze vase on top and intricate carvings of two dragons playing with a pearl. The front porch sits on a pedestal base (xumizuo). Between the eaves pillars, there are openwork carvings of clouds and flowers, which is a very distinct style from Northeast China.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/advbh7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8pkf8b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/somza9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6ivb5c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o0yup7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dqbtpk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h2v0t7.jpg)
+
+The beams of the front porch are painted with Suzhou-style patterns and feature wooden dragon head carvings, which are very rare in the country.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e1yif0.jpg)
+
+The beautiful stone carvings on the gable walls of the main hall feature bats representing good fortune and intertwined lotus patterns.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r6bt8r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pzd5cc.jpg)
+
+The phoenix, peony, sun, and moon carvings on the corner stone pillars of the main hall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9agrwb.jpg)
+
+The drum-shaped stone bases (baogushi) in front of the porch.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m9w997.jpg)
+
+The calligraphic brick carvings on the gable ends (xitou). This style of calligraphy relates to the Shandong school of scripture hall education that spread through the Northeast region.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q6kop8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lgea4c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/raufzi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b9kgmj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lt8i56.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/44675j.jpg)
+
+**Jingpeng Mosque (Jingpeng Si).**
+
+During the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty, Jingpeng Town became a major trading hub on the grasslands, located on the main route between Mongolia and the Northeast. During the lama temple fairs, merchants from inland China brought cotton cloth, sugar, and tea to trade with the Mongols for furs, livestock, and local products. In 1723 (the second year of the Yongzheng reign), severe droughts in Shandong and Hebei forced disaster victims to head north to find work. To solve the problem of displaced people, the Qing government implemented a policy of borrowing land to support the people in the southeastern Mongolian grasslands, including Hexigten Banner. During the Qianlong reign, Hui Muslims from Yangxin and Guan counties in Shandong, and Cangzhou and Hejian in Hebei, traveled through Chifeng and Duolun to reach Jingpeng Town to trade on the grasslands, eventually settling there.
+
+After the 19th century, the Hui Muslim population in Jingpeng reached nearly 1,000, with family names including Feng, Cong, Ma, Bai, Li, Jin, and Ha. In 1852 (the second year of the Xianfeng reign), they officially built a mosque (masjid), which started as five mud-brick rooms. In 1902 (the 28th year of the Guangxu reign), community elders including Liu Qi, imam Ha Zhaobin, Li Wenrong, Cong Laofeng, Ma Changtai, and Jin Fengming led a fundraising effort to rebuild the Jingpeng Mosque. Liu Qi and Ha Zhaobin traveled inside the Great Wall three times to collect funds. After four years, the current building was completed in 1908 (the 34th year of the Guangxu reign). It was named a key cultural relic protection site of Hexigten Banner in 1992.
+
+The north and south lecture halls and the main hall of the Jingpeng Mosque are all Qing Dynasty structures. The main hall consists of a porch, the main hall itself, and a rear kiln-style hall (yaodian) topped with a moon-watching tower (wangyuelou). The moon-watching tower was torn down in 1967 and rebuilt after 1981.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/el8w2f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h4j13k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tmrj4t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cu8ukr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1t599y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pwh053.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oo076r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g1wne1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/slx7np.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vw82j5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a1f1ge.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j8e91x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ic6s9q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wm1igi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v4f9mb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r48uzu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cwalok.jpg)
+
+**Duolun South Mosque (Duolun Nansi).**
+
+Duolun County is located at the southeastern end of Xilin Gol League and was once a political and economic center on the Mongolian grasslands during the Qing Dynasty. In 1691 (the 30th year of the Kangxi reign), Emperor Kangxi held the Duolun Alliance with the nobles of the three Outer Mongolian tribes and the forty-eight banners of Inner Mongolia, officially bringing Outer Mongolia into the Qing territory. Later, at the request of Mongolian nobles, Kangxi allowed inland merchants to open trade routes between China and the Mongolian grasslands, granting them official titles and favorable treatment. This caused merchants from Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, and Shaanxi to flock there, quickly turning Duolun into a commercial hub for Mongolian trade. In 1710 (the 49th year of the Kangxi reign), Xinghua Town was officially established in Duolun. In 1741 (the sixth year of the Qianlong reign), Xinshengying was built north of Xinghua Town, forming the layout of the old city of Duolun.
+
+After the city of Duolun was established, Hui Muslims from Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, and Henan traveled through Zhangjiakou to trade on the grasslands, moving back and forth between the Mongolian plains and inland China. In his book 'Records of Dolon Nor' published in 1908, the late Qing Japanese scholar Jian Hongsheng recorded that the Hui Muslim population in Duolun had already reached 3,000.
+
+The Hui Muslims of Duolun built six mosques: the South Mosque, North Mosque, East Mosque, West Mosque, Central Mosque, and Da'erhao Mosque. The Da'erhao Mosque was transferred to Guyuan County in 1950, and the East Mosque was demolished in the 1960s. Today, the old city still preserves the South, North, East, and West mosques. In 2006, they were collectively listed as a national-level cultural relic protection site under the name 'Duolun Ancient Architectural Complex'.
+
+The South Mosque is the first mosque in Duolun, located on Taiping Street in the old city. It was first built during the Yongzheng reign, and in 1761 (the 26th year of the Qianlong reign), Hui Muslim merchants Mo Tianming and Ma Guifang initiated an expansion to create the current structure. In July 1933, after the anti-Japanese hero General Ji Hongchang recaptured Duolun, the Hui Muslims of Duolun hosted a banquet for him at the South Mosque. The South Mosque is currently closed and not open for visitors.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/faod8c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/48dhc1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7aqfom.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bi4ys3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xw1ibr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/32nn3f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ymixm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vjv6hf.jpg)
+
+**Duolun North Mosque**
+
+The North Mosque is located on Erdao Street in the old city. It was built in 1798 (the third year of the Jiaqing reign) with funds donated by Hui Muslim merchants from the cattle, horse, and camel trade. It later became the largest mosque (masjid) in the city. In July 1933, after the anti-Japanese hero General Ji Hongchang recaptured Duolun, he stayed at the North Mosque for a short time. Today, the North Mosque is active and holds regular services.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tl2vdl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/za55fg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ihvl5p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ktu8q8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wgt6j5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pao5va.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2fjkso.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yzuazj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r2f5ga.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wtkbhc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/328nh6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kmbmzs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/axzy53.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5rl70r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wwc6gu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ywpyvb.jpg)
+
+**Duolun West Mosque**
+
+During the Tongzhi reign, some Hui Muslims from Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu moved to Duolun to settle down. Since then, Hui Muslims from North China have been called "Kouli people," while those from the Northwest have been called "Westerners."
+
+The East Mosque was located outside Nanjin Fort in the old city. It was started in 1869 (the eighth year of the Tongzhi reign) by Hui Muslims Xiu Mingliang and Liu Changfu from Shaanxi, and was completed in 1878 (the first year of the Guangxu reign). The West Mosque is located on Daxijie Street in the old city. It was built in 1880 (the fifth year of the Guangxu reign) by camel merchants Li Xianyu and Wang Jichen, who were from Ningxia and Gansu. After the 1960s, the East Mosque was completely demolished, and the gate and the north and south lecture halls of the West Mosque were also torn down. Today, only the main prayer hall of the West Mosque remains, and it is open to the public as a historical site.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/458bwt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/psh95u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gnclf9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x9dj6g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x4jrxz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/06u6kq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hxsv5k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oditd4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xq7vt7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qntlkh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x2x36v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7u0fi3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o3pg61.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u21ke3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3jyk2t.jpg)
+
+**Duolun Central Mosque**
+
+The Central Mosque is located on Nanquangfeng Street in the old city. It was built in 1908 (the 34th year of the Guangxu reign) by Wang Guofu and Shan Yunxing. In 1930, He Xingzhou, Cong Dianqing, and others initiated the reconstruction of the main hall, which was completed in 1935. The Central Mosque is currently open for regular activities.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lwc7n5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0bpr8f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5fygif.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zu04k4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/esobj8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lh0opi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/io1slb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tym7pm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fj3t0p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u9xmr6.jpg)
+
+The Duolun Central Mosque houses plaques and couplets from various mosques in Duolun: Do not be greedy for this life, only for the afterlife; the heavenly way and human way return to the true faith. Carefully guard the righteous path, avoid what is improper, keep your heart happy and your body at peace, and recognize the One. Dedicated in the eighth month of the 24th year of the Jiaqing reign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2escik.jpg)
+
+Heavenly decree teaches the pure and unique faith, recognizing the truth since ancient times through the seven days; the Prophet's practice spreads the righteous faith, which is one and returns to the belief in the five daily prayers.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h219tw.jpg)
+
+Blessings of the One True God: Dedicated on a lucky day in the fifth month of the ninth year of the Xianfeng reign of the Great Qing Dynasty by Zheng Kuishi, Imperial Commissioner overseeing military affairs in Ningguo, Commander-in-Chief of the Zhejiang provincial military, controller of all land and water garrisons, and specially granted the title of Jianwei General and Shalama Gai Batulu.
+
+Zheng Kuishi was a famous general in the late Qing Dynasty and a Hui Muslim from Wanquan, Zhangjiakou, Hebei. He fought against the Taiping Rebellion and the Nian Army for many years. He was the first to break through Luzhou and suffered over twenty wounds in Huaiyuan, nearly losing his life, which earned him great praise from the imperial court. When Zheng Kuishi inscribed the plaque for Duolun in the ninth year of the Xianfeng reign, he was serving as the Commander-in-Chief of Zhejiang and overseeing military affairs in Ningguo, which was the highest rank he reached in his life. In a memorial to the throne, Li Hongzhang highly praised Zheng Kuishi, saying he was "hardworking, resolute, and brave beyond compare... he was the first to face the enemy's sharp edge, braving death, and suffered severe wounds eight or nine times. His body was covered in scars, and among all the famous generals north and south of the Yangtze River, everyone considered Kuishi the best."
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z3y585.jpg)
+
+The Ancient Pure Faith: Respectfully presented by Song Rui, who was specially granted a peacock feather and served as the Duolun Camp Commander. A lucky day in the sixth month of the first year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing Dynasty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xa7t76.jpg)
+
+Benevolence spreads everywhere: To the honorable official Zhu, who wears a peacock feather (hualing) and holds a fourth-rank title while serving as the acting prefect of Duolunnuo'er. Respectfully presented in the first month of summer in the 31st year of the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty by Hui Muslim community leaders Shan Yunxing, village head Ma Wanxing, and others.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nafr9v.jpg)
+
+Merciful in this life, uniquely merciful in the hereafter: Dedicated in the seventh lunar month of the eighth year of the Republic of China, managed by the public.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s6p6c1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tal198.jpg)
+
+**Longshengzhuang Mosque.**
+
+Longshengzhuang sits on the border of Shanxi and Inner Mongolia. From the Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, it was a crossroads for trade routes between Hohhot, Datong, and Zhangjiakou. It was a key town for Shanxi merchants trading in Mongolia and was officially named Longshengzhuang in 1765 (the 30th year of the Qianlong reign). Shanxi merchants traveling to Mongolia brought rice, flour, tea, oil, wine, and daily goods from Longshengzhuang to Mongolia. They returned with furs, livestock, and leather, bringing great wealth to the town.
+
+The economy of Longshengzhuang peaked during the Xianfeng reign, with 500,000 sheep sold and transported through the town each year. Longshengzhuang reached its height in the early Republic of China. The town had over 300 shops and more than a dozen stables (madian) used for trading and transporting cattle, horses, and sheep. At that time, the street from the south to the north of Longshengzhuang stretched nearly 2 kilometers, lined with rows of shops.
+
+Starting in the early Qing Dynasty, Hui Muslims from Hebei and Shandong moved to Longshengzhuang in Inner Mongolia to do business. In the late Qing Dynasty, many Hui Muslims from Shaanxi also migrated there. During the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty, the Hui Muslim population in Longshengzhuang grew to two or three thousand. In the early Republic of China, it reached a peak of over five thousand people. At that time, Longshengzhuang had a large halal restaurant and nearly twenty businesses including livestock traders, brokers, and stables. After the Ping-Sui Railway opened in 1921, Longshengzhuang declined rapidly. After the 1930s, many people moved away. Today, only about 30 Hui Muslims remain, mostly elderly, and there are no longer any halal restaurants.
+
+Longshengzhuang Mosque was first built in 1751 (the 16th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty). It originally had only three main halls. As more Hui Muslims came to do business, they added 13 main halls, a front gate, a second gate, side rooms, and a screen wall in 1831 (the 11th year of the Daoguang reign), creating a three-courtyard layout.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gz80is.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gl2m5e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bkcbxo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7qrkdw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1x4oij.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l16wfj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f0iy7n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wityk5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hhcqdx.jpg)
+
+The mosque's porch (juanpeng) was expanded in 1926 and features beautiful ironwork decorations from the Republic of China era.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f4j905.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4vhy1n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qm13x5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pm7n49.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/08t8bj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/astc2o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wamp0c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bvxjm3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qmamkf.jpg)
+
+The main hall was also expanded in 1926.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kg14tz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gnew0r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lufhtf.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Inner_Mongolia___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_2.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Inner_Mongolia___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_2.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a445cad6f07055f396a6e5cafd45f77124d51dac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Inner_Mongolia___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_2.md
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Inner Mongolia - 12 Historic Mosques, Part 2"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2570"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2570"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:02Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "9414021b3f98f03fb9e23b68d9f24ff68568d108cae8ab3153c6ebdb354a7fd9"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Inner Mongolia - 12 Historic Mosques, Part 2
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This second part of the Inner Mongolia mosque series follows historic mosque communities across Chifeng, Jingpeng, Duolun, and Longshengzhuang. The article records Qing-era trade routes, Hui Muslim settlement, mosque founding dates, timber structures, plaques, stone carvings, and preserved prayer halls.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pewjrh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nvhnpg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/drdg7x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f6xwae.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x0urar.jpg)
+
+The 'Zun Da Qing Gao' plaque from 1915 (the fourth year of the Republic of China) bears the signature of the Koubei Mongolian Salt Bureau (Koubei Mengyanju). From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, all salt produced in the salt lakes of the Inner Mongolian Plateau was collectively called Mongolian salt (Mengyan). In 1913, the Beiyang government used salt taxes as collateral to sign a 25 million pound sterling reorganization loan with a banking consortium from Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan, which required China to hire foreigners to help reorganize salt taxes. China began salt administration reforms and established the Koubei Mongolian Salt Bureau, with its main office in Duolunuo'er and branch offices in Longshengzhuang, Fengzhen.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u2wt81.jpg)
+
+In 1861 (the eleventh year of the Xianfeng reign), the Fengzhen prefectural government presented the 'Dao Tong Qian Kun' plaque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ungci6.jpg)
+
+Prince De inscribed 'Shou Zhen Cun Cheng' in 1940, dating it to the '734th year of the Genghis Khan era,' which is 1940, as Prince De was a descendant of Genghis Khan. Prince Demchugdongrub was a Mongolian noble and Prince of the Sunid Right Banner who launched the 'Inner Mongolia High Autonomy Movement' in Bailingmiao in 1933 and became chairman of the puppet 'Mongolian United Autonomous Government' in 1939, which is when he inscribed this plaque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z2pe7p.jpg)
+
+This was inscribed in 1909 (the first year of the Xuantong reign) by Hui Muslims Deng Risheng and Ma Jiansheng from Datong. The Ma family of Hui Muslims originated from Youwei, Shanxi, and were a prominent military family during the Ming Dynasty; the 'Ma Family Army' formed by Ma Gui and his brothers and nephews in the mid-Wanli period was famous for its combat skills and earned great merit by defending Youwei against Altan Khan for six months. The Ma family has been a major Hui Muslim clan in Datong since the Ming Dynasty, and they frequently helped rebuild the Datong mosque and served as imams during the Ming and Qing dynasties. After the Qing Dynasty turned military garrisons into counties, the Ma family of Hui Muslims in Datong left the military for civilian life, achieved success in business and government, and for a time became the actual managers of the Datong mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tcq88t.jpg)
+
+This is a commemorative plaque left by local Hui Muslims during the expansion of the prayer hall in 1926.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ro7fka.jpg)
+
+In 1926, the Hui Muslim general Ma Fuxiang, who was then a general and the Suiyuan military governor, inscribed the 'Qi Zun Wu Dui' and 'Kai Tian Gu Jiao' plaques to celebrate the mosque's expansion. The Great Mosque of Hohhot and the Great Mosque of Baotou also have inscriptions by Ma Fuxiang.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/70kd0b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ywbdsr.jpg)
+
+**The Great Mosque of Hohhot.**
+
+The establishment of the community around the Great Mosque of Hohhot originated with Hui Muslim officers and soldiers in the Qing Dynasty's Green Standard Army. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, most of the officers and soldiers guarding the Nine Frontiers joined the Qing Dynasty and were organized into the 'Green Standard Army,' which included many Hui Muslim soldiers from the three towns of Xuanhua, Datong, and Taiyuan. In 1693 (the thirty-second year of the Kangxi reign), the Qing government increased its troops in Hohhot to fight the Dzungar Khanate, which included many Hui Muslim soldiers from the Green Standard Army. At that time, the Green Standard Army's Hui Muslim soldiers and Hui Muslim merchants built the mosque community together at the north gate of the old city, which was the predecessor to the Great Mosque of Hohhot.
+
+After the mid-Kangxi period, as there were no more wars on the borders, most of the Hui Muslim soldiers from Datong and the two garrisons of Zuoyun and Youyu became small merchants and artisans, and many Hui Muslims moved to settle near the Great Mosque of Hohhot; to this day, the dialect of Hohhot's Hui Muslims is still deeply influenced by the Datong dialect. By the late Kangxi period, two large livestock trading markets, 'Niuqiao' (Ox Bridge) and 'Yanggangzi' (Sheep Mound), had formed near the Great Mosque of Hohhot, and the cattle and sheep slaughtering industry was controlled by Hui Muslims.
+
+The early Great Mosque of Hohhot only had a few earthen rooms, and it only reached its current size after being rebuilt in 1723 (the first year of the Yongzheng reign) and undergoing a large-scale expansion in 1789 (the fifty-fourth year of the Qianlong reign). The funds for the Qianlong-era expansion were mainly donated by three wealthy Hui Muslim merchant families: the Kang, Ma, and Chen families. To commemorate the contributions of these three families, the mosque decided to recite three extra volumes of scripture every year during the opening of the scriptures in Ramadan. Between 1923 and 1925, the Great Mosque expanded its main hall and the north and south lecture halls, creating the unique Republic-era architectural style seen today. At that time, Widow Yang from Tongdao South Street donated her own property behind the mosque, so the mosque committee decided to recite an extra box of scriptures every year during Ramadan.
+
+The most famous imam of the Hohhot Great Mosque during the Republic of China era was Imam Wang Kuan from Niujie, Beijing. Imam Wang was a famous educator who founded the Chinese Muslim Progressive Association. In 1915, he established the first primary school for Hui Muslims in Hohhot, the Gui-Sui Hui School.
+
+The mosque gate was built in 1892 (the 18th year of the Guangxu reign). Above it hangs a plaque inscribed with 'Great Mosque' from 1890 (the 16th year of the Guangxu reign), with plaques reading 'National Prosperity' and 'People's Peace' on either side.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fpa0he.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yadypa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i5906k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aaf49j.jpg)
+
+After entering, you can see the brick-carved screen wall behind the main hall, built in 1896 (the 22nd year of the Guangxu reign). It is inscribed with 'Rectify the heart and be sincere in self-cultivation,' 'Recognize the Oneness of Allah,' 'Clear the heart,' and 'See one's true nature,' all written in 1924 by Ma Fuxiang, who was the Suiyuan Military Governor at the time.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zkenjp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2izx78.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cgjul4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vwbv12.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pfnosr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w1kovh.jpg)
+
+The prayer hall was expanded in 1923 and consists of a porch, a front hall, a middle hall, and a kiln hall. It features a connected roof structure with five pointed pavilions on top, symbolizing the Five Pillars of Islam: faith, prayer, fasting, charity, and pilgrimage. The porch is a blend of Chinese and Western styles, featuring arched doors, Arabic plaques, couplets, and floral patterns on the walls.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dngir9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2m01kv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ebd1gz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wod4qb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fk0mhb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6mt7n2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4r7axz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8zk5jk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yjop8s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l83gjm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eorguk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gxycw3.jpg)
+
+The Moon-Watching Tower was built in 1939. It is 36 meters high, with a hexagonal brick base and a single-eave hexagonal pointed roof at the top.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/letjdq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mdkq9k.jpg)
+
+**Chasuoqi Great Mosque**
+
+Tumd Left Banner in Inner Mongolia is located west of Hohhot. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was the base of the Mongol Tumd tribe, known for its fertile land and abundant water and grass. In 1739 (the 4th year of the Qianlong reign), the Qing government established a sub-prefecture office in Shandai Town, Tumd Left Banner, making it an important commercial hub. Shortly after, Hui Muslims from four families arrived in Shandai to make a living: the Bai family from Gaotou in Zhengding, Hebei (now Gaotou Hui Ethnic Township in Wuji County), the Ma family from Baoding, Hebei, the Xue family from Xueying, Beijing, and the Jin family from Niujie, Beijing.
+
+In 1760 (the 25th year of the Qianlong reign), the Shandai sub-prefecture office was abolished, and the center of the banner shifted to Chasuoqi Town. The Bai, Ma, Xue, and Jin Hui Muslim families all moved to Chasuoqi Town in the late Qianlong period. At that time, the Chasuoqi Guandi Mosque was being dismantled and moved to a new site, so the families bought the original land and built the first Chasuoqi Great Mosque.
+
+The Chasuoqi Great Mosque originally consisted of only two mud houses facing the street. During the Daoguang reign, as the number of Hui Muslims moving to Chasuoqi increased, a mud-and-wood main hall was added. In 1909 (the first year of the Xuantong reign), Imam Wang Shi'en led the construction of the current brick-and-wood main hall. The widow of Bai Shengyu, surnamed Gan, donated bricks, tiles, wood, and the elm trees in the courtyard. Other funds came from the local community and from Hohhot, Baotou, Saratsi, Togtoh, and Longshengzhuang. The elders in charge were Luo Cheng, Bai Youfu, Ma Youfu, and Wu Fengqi. Imam Wang Shi'en was originally from Wudu, Gansu. He was deeply knowledgeable in Islamic studies and is the most famous imam in the history of the Chasuoqi Great Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x3gfi1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c463eq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rmfwct.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t8gehq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/24ka0u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t19klh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/41jfst.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hax9ku.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m3l13g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4pcd07.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/83i2g4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lq3lzr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cn9iih.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8oi8sf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nkar46.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1v0tn0.jpg)
+
+**Saratsi Mosque**
+
+Saratsi Town in Tumd Right Banner, Inner Mongolia, is located between Hohhot and Baotou. After the Saratsi sub-prefecture office was established in 1739 (the 4th year of the Qianlong reign), it gradually prospered and became a major trade hub on the merchant route to Mongolia. In the early Qianlong years, 23 Hui Muslim households from Shandong and Hebei moved to Saratsi via Shandai. They included families with the surnames Ma, Bai, Yang, and Wei, and most worked as livestock traders. In 1747 (the 12th year of the Qianlong reign), they raised funds to build the Saratsi Mosque in Nanyingzi.
+
+In 1760 (the 25th year of the Qianlong reign), Saratsi was upgraded to a sub-prefecture office, also handling Mongolian-Han affairs for the Urat Three Banners, the Ordos Left Wing Middle Banner (Junwang Banner), and the Ordos Left Wing Rear Banner (Dalad Banner). After this, the number of Hui Muslims moving to Saratsi continued to grow. Around the 40th year of the Qianlong reign, the Hui Muslim population in Saratsi had grown to over 100 households and more than 400 people. In 1782 (the 47th year of the Qianlong reign), local residents expanded the main hall of the Salaqi Mosque to fifteen rooms. The mosque still has a door lintel inscribed with the date 1782, which serves as proof of this expansion.
+
+In 1947, the south side room of the main hall suddenly collapsed. The village elders hired Wu Youlong, one of the only two college students among the Hui Muslims in Baotou at the time, who had graduated from the Civil Engineering Department of Beiyang Institute of Technology, to rebuild the hall. When designing the hall, Wu Youlong boldly placed a millstone and a roller under each pillar. This design prevented moisture from rising and also improved the lighting inside. After the renovation, the main hall took on its current form.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dagtxu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y64v6s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/09gckr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bvxygz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bxtdw2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q0tcn3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ocrdm2.jpg)
+
+**Baotou Great Mosque**
+
+The Baotou Great Mosque is located in the Donghe District of the old town of Baotou. It was first built in 1743 (the 8th year of the Qianlong reign) and is the most important religious building in the western Tumochuan area. Today, it is a protected cultural site of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
+
+In 1697 (the 36th year of the Kangxi reign), after Emperor Kangxi defeated Galdan, immigrants from inland China began to flood into the Tumochuan Plain in Inner Mongolia, moving westward along the route from Hohhot to Chasugi and then to Salaqi. In the early years of the Qianlong reign, Wang Xiu, a Hui Muslim from Cangzhou, Hebei, and Bai Sanmu, a Hui Muslim from Wuding, Shandong (near present-day Binzhou and Dezhou), arrived at Baotou Village, west of Salaqi, becoming the first Hui Muslims in Baotou.
+
+According to family records, the Wang family's ancestral home was Erdaogang Wailiushu Village in Nanjing. Their distant ancestor was a military scholar (wulinsheng) during the Ming Dynasty and later served as a military officer. In 1421 (the 19th year of the Yongle reign), the Ming Dynasty officially moved its capital to Beijing. The Wang family was ordered to escort the emperor north and was later granted land in Cangzhou. During the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty, the Wang family moved to their granted land at Wangjia Sheqiao and gave up their official posts to become farmers. In the early years of the Qianlong reign, the Wang family fell on hard times. Faced with a drought in Cangzhou, Wang Xiu carried his wife and children, along with a shoulder pole carrying goods, and traveled a long distance to Zhaowan in Inner Mongolia. Wang Xiu first made a living by selling mountain goods and sewing supplies door-to-door. Later, he received a piece of pasture land from a lama, bought livestock, and started a career in animal husbandry. Wang Xiu traded livestock between Inner Mongolia, Shandong, and Hebei, and his family's financial situation gradually improved.
+
+In the early years of the Qianlong reign, Baotou Village, west of Salaqi, began to take shape, and shops and businesses opened one after another. Wang Xiu rented a slope from a Mongol person north of Baotou Village to build a house, and people called it the "Wang Family on the High Slope." After that, other Hui Muslim families, including the Bai, Ma, Yang, and Zhou families, moved into Baotou. In 1743 (the 8th year of the Qianlong reign), the Wang and Bai families mobilized other Hui Muslim families to build the first Baotou Great Mosque.
+
+The original Baotou Great Mosque was a five-room earth-and-wood hall. It once had a plaque inscribed with "Pure and Clean" (Qingjing) dated to the 8th year of the Qianlong reign, but it was unfortunately lost later. The first imam was surnamed Fu and was hired from Hebei.
+
+In 1809 (the 14th year of the Jiaqing reign), Baotou Village was renamed Baotou Town and gradually developed into an important commercial hub. Wang Xiu's grandson, Wang Daxing, opened the "Sanhe Horse Inn" in Baotou, and his long-distance horse trading business flourished. By 1833 (the 13th year of the Daoguang reign), there were already over 100 Hui Muslim households in Baotou, totaling six or seven hundred people. Because of this, Wang Daxing and Bai Sanmu's grandson, Bai Kede, led the effort to rebuild the earth-and-wood hall into a brick-and-tile structure and inscribed the plaques "Unique" (Duyi Wu'er), "Ancient Autumn" (Guqiu), and "Quiet One" (Jingyi). Only the plaque reading "Ancient Autumn" (Guqiu) remains, signed by community leaders (toushou) Wang Daxing and Bai Kede.
+
+In 1913, community elders from the Ma, Wang, Chen, Ding, and Bai families hired a carpenter known as "Living Lu Ban" named Guo Sansuo to expand the main hall. He moved the porch (juanpeng) forward and added a section to the back, giving the Baotou Great Mosque its current layout. The mosque houses a plaque inscribed with "Promoting the True Faith" (Xianyang Zhengjiao) by Lieutenant General Ma Fuxiang, dating back to the second year of the Republic of China.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zz4h5s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5i70nu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m60q4g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4l5bot.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s00l5s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h07kee.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tpl1ds.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gn9ja6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bhvqez.jpg)
+
+An appreciation of the traditional Chinese-style Arabic calligraphy found on the mihrab (mihalabu) niche and the minbar (minbaier) pulpit inside the main hall of the Baotou Great Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t5live.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2yuazg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m2koek.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/viypm8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hi8iai.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3wcp25.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/llfqro.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ygqvyy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ks5sjy.jpg)
+
+The qibla wall of the Baotou Great Mosque features 32 stunning pieces of traditional Chinese-style Arabic calligraphy in large-character (bangshu) script.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uwyurf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v73umx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/43nqdx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uf6sai.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9qw8ui.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vvbu3h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ei3gz2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oxylfz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mokfq4.jpg)
+
+The architectural details of the Baotou Great Mosque, including the brick and wood carvings, are incredibly exquisite.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6nldt8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xa3xbm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ii5fzb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2imthw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vmp3fs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rcdfki.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bvb092.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/urr734.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v8xkd8.jpg)
+
+The swastika (wanzi) and taiji brick carvings in the main hall of the Baotou Great Mosque show the influence of different cultures.
+
+During the late Qing Dynasty, under the trend of interpreting Islam through Confucianism, scholars like Liu Zhi introduced concepts like "taiji" and "yin-yang" into the faith. The book "Nature and Principle of Islam" (Tianfang Xingli) contains the record: "Movement creates yang, stillness creates yin; this is the manifestation of taiji, which is the manifestation of the True One." This is the end of the record.
+
+The "endless swastika" (wanzi budao tou) is a traditional Chinese auspicious pattern. The swastika represents good fortune, and "endless" means it continues forever; it frequently appears in brick, stone, and wood carvings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9wq4ej.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fxxcon.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ybe4c.jpg)
+
+**Baotou Small Mosque.**
+
+Also known as the Baotou North Mosque or Wayougou Mosque, the Baotou Small Mosque was first built in 1908 (the 34th year of the Guangxu reign). The main hall was rebuilt in 1918, and it is currently a cultural heritage site protected by Baotou City. The Baotou Small Mosque is built on a very steep slope against a cliff, making the main hall much higher than the ablution room (shuifang), which is a unique feature.
+
+In the late Qing Dynasty, the population of Hui Muslims settling in Baotou grew steadily, expanding from the old town's Beiliang area from east to west. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the eight streets and alleys near Wayougou had become a Hui Muslim residential area, home to inns, flour shops, oil mills, and dozens of cattle, sheep, and camel slaughterhouses. The slaughterhouses also operated as kitchens, meat shops, and livestock pens.
+
+Because traveling between Wayougou and the Baotou Great Mosque required crossing gullies and ridges, it was very inconvenient. In the late Guangxu years, Hui Muslim families including the Chens, Mas, Dings, Yangs, and Wangs proposed digging a well in Wayougou and building an ablution room called "West Water Hall" (Xishuitang). In 1908 (the 34th year of the Guangxu reign), they bought a flat piece of land on the hillside of the West Water Hall and built the first Baotou Small Mosque.
+
+In 1918, the elders of the small mosque raised funds to build a five-room main hall with a porch (juanpeng) against the home of elder Xing Fa. In the 1920s, Xing Fa donated the empty land at the north end of the main hall to build north and south rooms and a north wing, turning the small mosque into a complete courtyard.
+
+After it was built, the Baotou Small Mosque was long under the jurisdiction of the Great Mosque. The imam was selected and sent monthly by the students (hailifan) of the Great Mosque, and both Eid festivals (Da'erde) and the Prophet's Birthday (Shengji) were held at the Great Mosque. After 1958, the small mosque was closed due to a merger of mosques, but it reopened in 1990.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dsvyj2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nafduk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d0f4bk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8rz3k1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/74c4ma.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4ym8jk.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Inner_Mongolia___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_3.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Inner_Mongolia___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_3.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..24e670676e109fa6ba67c983aa51576b0c8a30a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Inner_Mongolia___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_3.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Inner Mongolia - 12 Historic Mosques, Part 3"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2569"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2569"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:55Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "2047e194697b8fb4389a9362e9d2a5de668788566450dd898631b91f4b3ba4ce"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Inner Mongolia - 12 Historic Mosques, Part 3
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** The final part of this Inner Mongolia mosque series is a photo-heavy record of historic Hui Muslim mosque sites and architectural details. It preserves the original image sequence while keeping the article focused on Inner Mongolia mosque heritage and local Muslim history.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o10vvq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2s0gh8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y1ivhe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gemo5q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0cwes0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/up8x81.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ud5plv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7inq03.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k4vxru.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ks0s6y.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangsu___25_Historic_Mosques__Part_1.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangsu___25_Historic_Mosques__Part_1.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f3f86c37fc5cf4392951159c78879122b6d7ce3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangsu___25_Historic_Mosques__Part_1.md
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Jiangsu - 25 Historic Mosques, Part 1"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2588"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2588"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:46Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "6e89ef4a4344f85a6bc53affca6338d5e90f086e44c0463c72046dd0f2880160"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Jiangsu - 25 Historic Mosques, Part 1
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This first part of the Jiangsu mosque series documents historic Hui Muslim mosque sites in northern Jiangsu, including Yanghe Mosque, Siyang Mosque, Siyang West Mosque, Shuyang Mosque, Hexia Mosque, Wangjiaying Mosque, Yancheng Mosque, and Baoying Mosque. The article preserves the original mosque names, founding dates, community histories, inscriptions, architectural details, and image order.
+
+**I am sharing the 25 historic mosque buildings I have visited in Jiangsu, moving from north to south.**
+
+**1. Suqian**
+
+1. Yanghe Mosque (Yanghesi): First built during the Qianlong reign, rebuilt after 1945.
+
+**2. Huai'an**
+
+1. Qingjiang Mosque (Qingjiangsi): First built during the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt in 1870.
+
+2. Hexia Mosque (Hexiasi): First built during the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, rebuilt in the late Qing Dynasty.
+
+3. Wangjiaying Mosque (Wangjiayingsi): First built during the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, rebuilt in 1985.
+
+**3. Yancheng**
+
+1. Yancheng Mosque (Yanchengsi): Built during the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty, renovated in 1928.
+
+**4. Yangzhou**
+
+1. Baoying Mosque (Baoyingsi): Rebuilt in 1910, rebuilt again in 2022.
+
+2. Gaoyou Mosque (Gaoyousi): Rebuilt in 1864.
+
+3. Lingtang Ancient Mosque (Lingtang Gusi): First built at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, moved to its current site in the early Qing Dynasty, rebuilt in 1924.
+
+4. Shaobo Mosque (Shaobosi): First built during the Xianfeng reign of the Qing Dynasty.
+
+5. Xianhe Mosque (Xianhesi): First built in 1275, rebuilt in 1390.
+
+6. Majian Lane Mosque (Majianxiang Libaisi): First built in 1714.
+
+7. Huihui Tang Mosque (Huihuitangsi): First built in 1275, rebuilt in 1776.
+
+**5. Zhenjiang**
+
+1. Shanxiang Mosque (Shanxiangsi): Expanded during the Kangxi reign, rebuilt in 1873.
+
+**2. Jianzi Lane Mosque (Jianzixiangsi) Ming and Qing Dynasty stone carvings.**
+
+**3. Nanmenwai Mosque (Nanmenwaisi) Qing Dynasty mihrab.**
+
+4. Xinhe Street Mosque (Xinhejie Huijiaotang): 1930.
+
+**6. Nanjing**
+
+1. Jingjue Mosque (Jingjuesi): First built during the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt in 1877.
+
+2. Original Taiping Road Mosque: First built in the early Ming Dynasty, moved and rebuilt in 2005.
+
+**3. Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque.**
+
+4. Hushu Mosque: First built in 1392, rebuilt in 1896.
+
+5. Liuhe South Gate Mosque: First built in 1403, raised and renovated in 2013.
+
+6. Liuhe Women's School: First built in 1912, rebuilt in 1930.
+
+7. Liuhe Changjiang Road Mosque: First built in 1424, rebuilt during the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty.
+
+8. Zhuzhen Mosque: Rebuilt in 1901, renovated in 2001.
+
+9. Zhuzhen Women's Mosque: First built in 1921, rebuilt in 1931.
+
+**Suqian Yanghe Town Mosque.**
+
+The Suqian Yanghe Town Mosque was first built during the Qianlong reign. It was funded by Yu Qin, a local scholar from Yanghe who had served as an education official in Lishui, Pizhou, and Ningguo, and was built on Rice Market Street in Yanghe. It was destroyed during the Japanese invasion and later rebuilt. The current main hall features a hip-and-gable roof, a post-and-lintel frame, and upturned eaves with wind bells hanging from the four corners. It was listed as a Suqian cultural heritage site in 2010.
+
+Yanghe Town Mosque belongs to the Jahriyya Banqiao Daotang. During the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty, Chang Tingzhang (1785-1870), a Hui Muslim from Siyang, Jiangsu, traveled to Lingzhou (modern-day Lingwu) in Ningxia to study. After completing his studies, he brought the Jahriyya tradition to the Huai-Si region. Chang Tingzhang was famous far and wide for his profound knowledge and had many disciples when he began teaching at the Huaiyin Wangjiaying Mosque. Since then, mosques including the Huaiyin Wangjiaying Mosque, Siyang Zhongxing Town Mosque, and Yanghe Town Mosque have all followed the Jahriyya tradition. Before 1932, the imams of Yanghe Town Mosque were all assigned from Ningxia. After 1932, Imam Ma Chengliang served until he passed away in 1979.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/foztf8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gjvof4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0lonf2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v98ad3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t75a8s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bellpz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0a4ssp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pe465n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d0y5vp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6t1krd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dhmvjd.jpg)
+
+**Huai'an Qingjiang Ancient Mosque.**
+
+Qingjiangpu in Huai'an was dredged in 1415 (the 13th year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty). It was the center of grain transport for the Grand Canal during the Ming and Qing dynasties, where grain transport ships from all provinces were built and repaired. Because navigating the Yellow River section of the canal was very dangerous, and waiting times to pass through locks in Shandong were too long, many merchants chose to leave their boats at Qingjiangpu. They would cross the Yellow River and switch to horse-drawn carriages to continue north, making Qingjiangpu a symbol of the "southern boats and northern horses" transport system.
+
+The most important pier in Qingjiangpu was next to the Yue Lock. It was called the Imperial Pier because both Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong landed there during their southern inspection tours. This was once the busiest and most prosperous place in Qingjiangpu. Hui Muslims began doing business on Yuehe Street in front of the Imperial Pier during the Ming Dynasty, and the earliest Qingjiang Ancient Mosque was built during the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty.
+
+In 1677 (the 16th year of the Kangxi reign), the Governor of the Waterways moved to Qingjiangpu, and it became the center of grain transport. In his collection of notes and stories, Golden Pot Seven Inks (Jinhu Qimo), Qing Dynasty writer Huang Junzai recorded: 'Along the Qingjiang River for over ten miles, the markets were bustling and food was abundant. People from all directions gathered here, shoulder to shoulder and wheel to wheel, in a very prosperous scene.' In 1799 (the 57th year of the Qianlong reign), the Qingjiang Mosque (Qingjiang Gusi) underwent a large-scale expansion, marking the peak of its prosperity.
+
+In 1860 (the 10th year of the Xianfeng reign), the Nian Army captured Qingjiangpu and the Qingjiang Mosque was destroyed. The imam, Ma Huanwen, sadly passed away from illness while preparing to raise funds for the mosque (nietie). Fortunately, an elder from Nanjing named Jiang Hengqing took over, organized the community to raise funds (nietie), and finally rebuilt the mosque in 1870 (the 9th year of the Tongzhi reign).
+
+In 2006, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was listed as a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level. Three historic mosques were included along the canal: the North Mosque in Linqing, the East Mosque in Linqing, and the Qingjiang Mosque in Huai'an. It can be said that the Hui Muslim community in Huai'an grew because of the canal and is inseparable from the canal's grain transport history.
+
+Looking from the opposite bank of the Li Canal, you can see the gate of the Qingjiang Mosque right next to the Imperial Wharf ruins, helping you imagine what the busy grain transport days looked like.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/56nnqv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7m7xxn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t3jmhe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bl3sow.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vhxout.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tlclk0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/59eyue.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/55o6lr.jpg)
+
+Inside the courtyard, the main prayer hall and the north wing, known as the Butterfly Hall, are Qing Dynasty structures. Beside the main hall stands a Chinese trumpet creeper (lingxiaomu) over 320 years old.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7nwozj.jpg)
+
+The main hall is a Qing Dynasty building made of two connected hard-mountain roofs (yingshanding) with a kiln-style hall (yaodian) at the back, typical of traditional Jianghuai architectural style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c749de.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ucn8n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nm5f7s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/07f49a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3s54on.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5ahiiv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jsj1v6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mmxcnk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u2hk6t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ns57f3.jpg)
+
+The north wing of the Qingjiang Mosque is called the Butterfly Hall (hudieting). This is a traditional name for garden architecture in the Jianghuai region, named because the corners of the hall curve upward like the wings of a dancing butterfly.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2ncw80.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ciuc9v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zt3t9b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nleosk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eydllx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8unpza.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/js2846.jpg)
+
+Two stone steles at the Qingjiang Mosque.
+
+The first is the 'Prohibition Edict Stele' from the 57th year of the Qianlong reign. It was written and erected by the county government to explicitly ban corruption, issued by Wu Li, the magistrate of Qinghe County, Huai'an Prefecture, Jiangnan, who held a fifth-rank title and had been commended five times.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ie5z9g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ra7iik.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zx69x1.jpg)
+
+The second is the 'Stele Record of the Rebuilding of the Mosque Main Hall' from the 9th year of the Tongzhi reign, which documents the process of rebuilding the main hall during the Tongzhi period. The inscription records donors from nineteen places: Henan, Shandong, Jinling, Yunnan, Zhili, Chuanshan, Hexia, Lixiahe, Baoying, Gaoyou, Shaobo, Xiannumiao, Taizhou, Xinghua, Dongtai, Rugao, Shuyang, the Xinzi Cavalry, and Yuanpu. Donors from Henan, Shandong, Yunnan, Zhili, and Chuanshan were mostly traveling merchants, reflecting the prosperous 'southern boats and northern horses' scene of Qingjiangpu during the Qing Dynasty. The others were local mosque communities in Jiangsu. Some, like the Shaobo mosque, have since been abandoned, offering a glimpse into the rise and fall of the Hui Muslim community in Jiangsu.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sw72nf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eduknp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aosj1i.jpg)
+
+**Ancient well**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g8yelg.jpg)
+
+**Column base**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/97ohsb.jpg)
+
+**Coffin for the deceased (tabumaiti xia)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tt6ogw.jpg)
+
+**Tombstone of Madam Yang, mother of the Ma family, from the 14th year of the Guangxu reign, and the tombstone of the Sai family of the Ma clan from Anhui.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1rbiz9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5fnu41.jpg)
+
+**Tombstone of the Sai family of the Ma clan from Anhui**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/70tm2s.jpg)
+
+**Stone railing**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r0gwzi.jpg)
+
+**Drum-shaped stone base with cypress and deer carvings (bailutu baogushi)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o7j40m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q8twim.jpg)
+
+**Hexia Mosque**
+
+Hexia Ancient Town in Huaian is the largest town on the outskirts of Huaian Prefecture. Because the salt from the coastal salt fields in Huaibei was high in both quantity and quality, many salt merchants from the northwest and Anhui came to Huaibei in the late Ming Dynasty to work in the salt industry. The Huaibei Salt Transport Branch was located in Hexia Town at the time. Salt from the fields had to be shipped to Hexia for inspection before merchants could sell it elsewhere. Hexia Town then entered its most prosperous period. Salt merchants built gardens and courtyards there. The Qing Dynasty record Huaian Hexia Annals states: Wealthy salt merchants brought their capital and made their homes in Hexia, and Hexia became extremely prosperous. The wealth brought by these salt merchants made the town's business thrive, and many Hui Muslims also came to settle in Hexia.
+
+Hexia Mosque is located south of Luojia Bridge in Hexia Town. It was first built during the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty. In 1860, during the tenth year of the Xianfeng reign, the Nian Army captured Huaian and burned down ten rooms of the mosque, which were later rebuilt. The main hall of Hexia Mosque is a Qing Dynasty structure with blue bricks, dark tiles, and upturned eaves, showing a typical Jianghuai architectural style. It was listed as a cultural relic protection unit of Huaian City in 2006.
+
+Above the main hall door hangs a chestnut wood plaque inscribed with the words Si Wu Xie (Thinking Without Evil), written by Tian Rui, the acting prefect of Huaian in the tenth year of the Daoguang reign. Plaques originally on both sides, inscribed by anti-Japanese hero Zuo Baogui and Yunnan Commander Ma Chang'an, were destroyed after the 1960s.
+
+The imam (ahong) of the mosque usually stays at a nearby beef and mutton shop. If you call the number posted on the mosque gate, he will come over to open it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/39f9vu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5i45lc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z502tw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oo59uo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s7jm3p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5k99eo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6kplf1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cnh2v2.jpg)
+
+**An ancient well dug in the early Qing Dynasty.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kilsgg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zw06ik.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xvmpvw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rdq08i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3or0hj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/28dmjz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cm2vtt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8gz01j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wheftg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bhc8bv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bzpfe2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9zmmqw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fbp54c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jiaqk6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ykf3sj.jpg)
+
+**Wangjiaying Mosque.**
+
+Wangjiaying in Huaian is located between the old course of the Yellow River and the Salt River. During the Ming Dynasty, the Dahe Guard was established in Huaian Prefecture, and ten military camps were built along the Yellow River. Wangjiaying was one of them. Because travel on the Yellow River section of the canal was slow and passing through locks was dangerous, often leading to broken cables and sunken boats, many merchants chose to leave their boats at Qingjiangpu. They would cross the Yellow River at Wangjiaying and switch to horse-drawn carriages to continue north. Wangjiaying and Qingjiangpu gradually grew into a busy town together.
+
+Wangjiaying experienced many floods from the Yellow River, and the town moved east three times before reaching its current location. In 1831, the eleventh year of the Daoguang reign, Viceroy Tao Peng chose Wangjiaying as the new distribution center for Huaian salt. After that, eighteen salt warehouses and seventy-two salt bureaus were opened in Wangjiaying. Salt boats traveled back and forth every day along the three-hundred-li waterway from the Huaibei salt fields to Wangjiaying.
+
+The prosperity of Wangjiaying attracted a steady stream of Hui Muslims to settle there. The first Hui Muslims to arrive in Wangjiaying were the Ma and Sha families, who came via Lingwu County in Ningxia, Shandong, and Zhenjiang. Later, Hui Muslims with the surnames Jin, Dai, Chang, Ge, Fan, Li, and Yang also settled here.
+
+Wangjiaying Mosque was first built during the Yongzheng reign. It started as three thatched rooms next to the Lotus Pond at Wangjiapo. After Wangjiaying became a salt distribution center in the late Daoguang reign, the mosque moved to the south bank of the Salt River, with imams Chang Tingzhang and Dai Mingxuan in charge of religious affairs. Imam Chang Tingzhang, known as Third Master Chang, was originally from Jining, Shandong. He was born in 1785, the fiftieth year of the Qianlong reign, in Taoyuan County, Huaian Prefecture, Jiangsu (now Siyang). In his youth, he studied in Lingzhou (now Lingwu County, Ningxia) and continued his religious studies in Jining, Shandong, after completing his initial training. In 1810, the fifth year of the Jiaqing reign, the 26-year-old Imam Chang Tingzhang was invited to Wangjiaying Mosque to lead religious affairs. Imam Chang Tingzhang had deep knowledge of Arabic classics, astronomy, and medical theory. According to the Wangjiaying Annals, a man named Third Master Tao from Hangzhou died in Huaian during the Daoguang reign. Because it was the heat of midsummer, Imam Chang Tingzhang personally bought a boat and traveled south along the canal to escort the body back to Hangzhou to fulfill his duty to the family.
+
+In 1860 (the 10th year of the Xianfeng reign), the Nian Army burned down the Wangjiaying Mosque. In 1867 (the 6th year of the Tongzhi reign), Imam Dai Jingzhai, the son of Imam Dai Mingxuan, built a few thatched huts. Later, with donations from the community, they built a main prayer hall with three rooms made of grass.
+
+After Imam Chang Tingzhang passed away in 1870 (the 9th year of the Tongzhi reign), Imam Dai Jingzhai took charge of religious affairs. In 1884 (the 10th year of the Guangxu reign), he replaced the grass-roofed building with a tiled one. Because Imam Chang Tingzhang had studied at the Jahriyya Banqiao Daotang in Jinjibu, Lingwu County, Ningxia, when he was young, the Wangjiaying Mosque later invited five successive Jahriyya imams from Jinjibu to lead religious services and teach. Subsequent imams also went to Ningxia for further study, making Wangjiaying Mosque one of the nine branch centers of the Banqiao Daotang.
+
+In 1912, the Wangjiaying Mosque built a new main gate, a south lecture hall, a kitchen, and a water room. In 1920, with funding from the Jinshan Tang in Gansu and money from selling dozens of willow trees from the public cemetery, they rebuilt the three-room tiled porch in front of the main hall and added three new rooms for the east lecture hall. Currently, there is a stone tablet from 1920 commemorating the Republic of China renovation on the inner north wall of the main hall, but the top part is covered.
+
+In 1958, the Wangjiaying Mosque moved to the east side of the West Horse Road in Wangying. In 1961, it moved to its current location because the land was requisitioned for a bank building. During the destruction of the Four Olds, the main hall's plaques reading "The Way Spreads in the Central Land," "The Religion Follows the Western Regions," and "Stop at the Ultimate Good," along with the gold-lettered Arabic plaques and the couplet reading "See the formless, hear the soundless, rectify the intention and be sincere, become a sage and a worthy, the original nature;" “The Way stands here, movement brings harmony, reach others through oneself, benefit the people and the world, the land is complete” were all smashed and burned. Funeral supplies were also destroyed, and the main hall was used as a warehouse by a shoe and hat factory.
+
+In 1979, under the leadership of Imam Ge Weili, the Wangjiaying Mosque was rebuilt in a traditional style. It was completed in 1985 and underwent two more renovations and expansions in 2003 and 2006, resulting in its current appearance.
+
+Imam Ge Weili was born in 1924. He went to Ningxia to study in 1937. After completing his training and receiving his credentials in 1945, he became the imam of Wangjiaying Mosque and took on the role of imam in 1966. The religious work at Wangjiaying Mosque is now handled by Imam Fan Weiming, a student of Imam Ge Weili.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y0oqtj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pry4vw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rcfaif.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l22tel.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z0nq04.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/daf5ta.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/97eaby.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jz9cve.jpg)
+
+The Republic of China era inscription reads as follows:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qt7aw6.jpg)
+
+The Wangying Mosque was founded during the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty. By the end of the Daoguang reign, our community was at its peak. The population was large, and businesses were thriving. With the old Imams Chang Tingzhang and Dai Mingxuan leading religious affairs one after another, the lecture hall was always full, and many students were trained. This is recorded in the local history and can be verified. In the Gengshen year of the Xianfeng reign, the Nian rebellion suddenly occurred. The mosque was burned to the ground, our people fled or died, and the population gradually dwindled.
+
+In the sixth year of the Tongzhi reign, Imam Dai Jingzhai, the son of the old Imam Dai Mingxuan, followed his father's teachings and took over the religious duties. He first built a few thatched huts to teach the faith morning and evening. However, for prayers, it was too simple and exposed to the elements; For gatherings, it was too small to hold everyone. The Imam was deeply worried about this. He persuaded people to donate and built a main prayer hall with three rooms made of grass. Later, he discussed it with Yang Xuting, Ma Yunfeng, and Guo Daosheng. With their help, in the tenth year of the Guangxu reign, they rebuilt the tiled main hall and lecture halls, and things began to return to normal. As more of our people lived here, the original public cemetery became crowded, and after many years, there was almost no space left. The Imam was concerned that there were few cemeteries for the community, and whenever a major funeral occurred, it was difficult to manage. He planned to buy a piece of land to provide for the future. He got the agreement of Mr. Ma Yunfeng, but before the matter was finished, Mr. Ma passed away. What a pity! Fortunately, Mr. Ma's brother, Runzhi, carried out his brother's wishes. With the strong support of the village elder Mr. Li Yunpo, they set aside differences, raised funds, and bought two new cemeteries. The benefits provided by the imam (ahong) to our people are thorough and complete. This is largely due to the support of those passionate about public welfare, but it is also the result of the imam's decades of solitary, painstaking effort and his sincere devotion.
+
+In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), we worked to continue the legacy of our predecessors by adding a main gate, a south lecture hall, and a kitchen. Mr. Ge Ziming funded the construction of the washroom (shuifang) with a donation of several hundred thousand. We also invited Imam Wang Pinqing from Gansu Province to teach scripture. Visitors from all over who came here always spoke highly of him. In recent years, wind and rain have damaged the buildings, and the main hall is at risk of collapsing. We met to discuss the situation and sold dozens of willow trees from the perimeter of the cemetery, raising over two hundred thousand. We also received a donation of many roof tiles and timber pieces from the Jinshan Hall in Gansu. We then built three tiled, curved-eave rooms in front of the main hall and fully repaired the surrounding walls, the three-room east lecture hall, and the courtyard of the inner gate. This massive project was completed through a combination of public funds and donations from afar. We feel ashamed that we lack the personal wealth to do more, but we share these details because, despite two hundred years of constant change, our mosque still stands tall. This is largely due to the efforts of our ancestors and village elders. We sincerely hope that future generations will remember the hardships of those who built this place and preserve it forever so it may last without decline. We have recorded the full story here.
+
+**July, the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920).**
+
+**Jin Jiasheng, Jin Jialin, Guo Chunlin, Yang Fangtian.**
+
+**Chang Bingkui, Li Shunjie, Chang Guanying, Mu Hongbin.**
+
+**Jin Jiayuan, Ma Jianong, Fan Zhaofeng, Yang Guiyuan.**
+
+**Ge Futang, Li Dianqing, Ma Jiarang, Mu Hong'en.**
+
+**Ma Jialin, Ge Zhenqing, He Wenquan, Zhou Fengling.**
+
+**Sha Faxiang, Liu Lianyuan, Zhou Riyang, Mu Hongye.**
+
+**Yancheng Mosque.**
+
+Yancheng Mosque is located on Xicang Lane (historically called Xicang) in the Yancheng urban area. It was first built during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty as three thatched rooms by five Hui Muslim families: the Ha, Huo, Ding, Liu, and Xue families. It was expanded in 1720 (the 59th year of the Kangxi reign) and rebuilt again in 1928 into the current brick-and-wood main hall.
+
+The Republic-era 'Continued Records of Yancheng County' states: 'The mosque is located on Xicang Street in the city. It was founded during the Ming Yongle period. In the 59th year of the Qing Kangxi reign, land was purchased to expand it, and it was renamed the Mosque (Qingzhensi). Recently, it was renamed the Hui Church (Huijiaotang). The leader of the faith is called an imam (ahong).' In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the Yancheng branch of the Jiangsu Islamic Association was established. In the 18th year (1929), it was renamed the Yancheng branch of the Chinese Islamic Association.
+
+During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Yancheng Mosque suffered two disasters. On March 30, 1938, it was bombed by the Japanese military. On April 26 of the same year, the Japanese military occupied Yancheng and set fire to the city. Except for the main hall, which survived, all other buildings were destroyed.
+
+The main hall of Yancheng Mosque features traditional Jiangsu architectural style, with flying eaves in the front and a kiln-style niche (yaowo) in the back. The main hall still preserves the original wood-carved circular frame featuring a dua, which is very exquisite. According to Imam Xue Long from Zhenjiang, the inscriptions on the top and bottom of the main hall plaque use Arabic, Persian, and Xiao'erjing. They translate to: Completed on an auspicious day in the eighth lunar month of the 17th year of the Republic of China, respectfully erected by Abdullah Yang Luji. This is very precious.
+
+The imam of Yancheng Mosque from 1936 to 1979 was Bai Hanzhang. Imam Bai was from Minquan, Henan. He graduated from the Beijing Niujie Islamic Institute in 1922. Later, he served as an imam in Jurong, Zhenjiang, and Nantong, Jiangsu. He became the imam of Yancheng Mosque in 1936 and served there until he passed away in 1979.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jy64ig.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/llglsi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h8mhbu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s7tie9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kr54pk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ime7f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m0xni4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o2yswj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jolvhq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1asdqc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mmg3g4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z4dhk1.jpg)
+
+**Baoying Mosque**
+
+Baoying Mosque was originally located in Guojia Lane inside the east gate of the county town. Its founding date is unknown. It was rebuilt in 1910 (the second year of the Xuantong reign) at the entrance of Luoxiang Lane at the foot of the south city wall. With the help of Tao, the wife of anti-Japanese hero Zuo Baogui, and led by Imam Zhao Dezhai and others, many people including the Gao Mu Ma Jin family from Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Huaiyin, Yangzhou, Yancheng, and Baoying raised funds to complete it in 1914. Baoying Mosque closed after 1958. It was rebuilt on the original site in 2002 and officially opened in 2006.
+
+Baoying Mosque still has the water well dug during the 1910 construction and the ginkgo tree planted at that time. Imam Li at the mosque is from Siyang, Jiangsu. He usually runs the nearby Li's Beef and Mutton shop. If you want to enter the mosque, just call the number on his door. Imam Li is very welcoming. He says that Baoying Mosque still has some local Gao Mu who come to the mosque for Friday Jumu'ah prayers, which is better than some mosques where almost all the attendees are friends (dost) from the Northwest. Imam Li comes from the Zhepai Banqiao Daotang, but he treats all sects equally, and the religious community in Baoying County is very united.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w3xtsa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sbt3gv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zfz6g8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oxdsro.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hifnqe.jpg)
+
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangsu___25_Historic_Mosques__Part_2.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangsu___25_Historic_Mosques__Part_2.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c791dd019728cda2c2fb05721df0f27df63e5f5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangsu___25_Historic_Mosques__Part_2.md
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Jiangsu - 25 Historic Mosques, Part 2"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2577"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2577"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:54Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "d8c6c3a3d233ad8c1fc91e19eca516a07762cae6e69d313ae962b62c27410387"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Jiangsu - 25 Historic Mosques, Part 2
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This second part of the Jiangsu mosque series documents historic mosque communities, old prayer halls, inscriptions, and Hui Muslim settlement history in the province. The article keeps the original dates, place names, architectural terms, community records, and image order intact.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jcc2tv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xivroz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5zus6q.jpg)
+
+**Gaoyou Mosque**
+
+I visited Gaoyou Mosque in 2021, only to find out it was only open for Friday prayers (Jumu'ah). This time, I specifically came for Jumu'ah and finally got to enter the mosque.
+
+Gaoyou Mosque was first built during the Qing Dynasty. According to the Records of Gaoyou Prefecture (Qing Qianlong era), the mosque was rebuilt in 1864 (the third year of the Tongzhi reign) by local elders Ma Guixing, Liu Tianxing, and Ma Hongxing. The current gate features a stone plaque inscribed with 'Rebuilt in the middle of winter, the second year of the Qing Tongzhi reign,' along with the title 'Respectfully repaired by the Gaoyou Prefecture office.'
+
+Gaoyou Mosque consists of a gate and a main prayer hall, forming an elegant and beautiful traditional Jianghuai-style courtyard. Inside, there is a 175-year-old boxwood (guazi huangyang) tree, a 225-year-old Chinese juniper (yuanbai) tree, and an ancient Qing Dynasty well.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e2qqy9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v817xt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t669af.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mcm6r5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/21bfr7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1cl0g8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wa0nvl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bh3311.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/om3edd.jpg)
+
+The main prayer hall at Gaoyou Mosque is quite small, and its prayer niche (mihrab) follows the traditional Jiangsu style. The congregation for Jumu'ah is mostly made up of Northwest Chinese Muslims who run local hand-pulled noodle (lamian) shops. This is the current situation for many mosques in the southeastern region.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1vy61g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jff6vo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/92th96.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0r7r9d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xqspo3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z6ayco.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6bqsju.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vzojow.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lfx2bg.jpg)
+
+**Lingtang Mosque**
+
+By the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Lingtang already had a mosque in 'Huihui Bay' by Gaoyou Lake, but it was later destroyed by floods. In the mid-Ming Dynasty, it moved to Yangdazhuang, then to its current location in the early Qing Dynasty. It was rebuilt in 1844 (the 24th year of the Qing Daoguang reign), expanded again in 1921, and completed in 1924.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bfuynt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4off7q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1vl4ns.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gfnbe8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/djymj4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/190pw6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/egesjq.jpg)
+
+The golden osmanthus (jingui) tree next to the prayer hall was planted when local elder Xue Yukuan and his wife, Mrs. Xue Yang, had an imam perform their marriage ceremony (nikah). It is now over 130 years old.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7mpvbp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hhhlfr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ojinex.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7bus7w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qn2jf7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2qt6xm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/43ia5f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dw14oh.jpg)
+
+The exhibition hall at Yangzhou Lingtang Mosque displays a water kettle (tangping hu) gifted by the Jizhaoying Mosque in Nanjing during the Qing Dynasty, as well as Republic-era water kettles, a bronze Xuande incense burner, blue-and-white porcelain incense burners, and the boiler (guozhengzi) and bucket used in the mosque's 1950s washroom. The boiler was used to heat water, and the bucket had a hole at the bottom; pulling out the wooden plug allowed for a shower.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j0c8rm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/321855.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5ieccq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8av13m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xpulhd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/56ur55.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mu9nml.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/smusfx.jpg)
+
+The mosque is also a heritage site for the Yangzhou intangible cultural heritage known as 'Lingtang Hui Muslim Customs.'
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jth3ha.jpg)
+
+**Shaobo Mosque**
+
+Traveling north from Yangzhou city along the Grand Canal, the first place you reach is the ancient town of Shaobo. Historically, Shaobo was a bustling canal trading port and a key route connecting Yangzhou and Gaoyou. The ancient town still preserves a three-mile-long stone path and over 20 ancient houses from the Ming and Qing dynasties.
+
+Shaobo Mosque is said to have been built by Hui Muslims from Shandong during the Xianfeng reign. The gate and main hall still stand, and it is a protected cultural site in the Jiangdu District of Yangzhou. The mosque was once used as a residence and is currently abandoned.
+
+The gate still has its original plaque and drum-shaped stone bases. The main hall is a hard-gable style building with blue bricks and dark tiles, typical of Jianghuai architecture.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/03qzw8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9p6p3e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vex3zq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iuif8b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9hgcwi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9jwrk9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nfxvla.jpg)
+
+Yangzhou Shaobo Mosque is three bays wide and seven purlins deep. The gable walls feature brick wind-bracing, the ridge purlin is supported by a dougong bracket system, and the columns rest on ancient mirror-style bases with carved patterns. Besides the main hall, Shaobo Mosque once had other buildings, but now only stone remains like column bases are left.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pds3yy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y41uj6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yey57k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p1xgue.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/amzkgx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c1p9x5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lhnple.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r7qxvy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ew95jt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1dv2db.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vgujh2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/umhgqx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l619vo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ieq0db.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/05i1rt.jpg)
+
+**Xianhe Mosque**
+
+Xianhe Mosque is located on Nanmen Street in Yangzhou. It was founded in 1275 (the 12th year of the Yuan Zhiyuan reign) by the Western Region sage Puhading before he passed away. It was rebuilt in 1390 (the 23rd year of the Ming Hongwu reign) by Ha San, renovated in 1523 (the third year of the Jiajing reign) by merchant Ma Zongdao and the imam Ha Ming, and repaired again in 1791 (the 56th year of the Qianlong reign).
+
+The gatehouse has a single-eave, ridge-roofed, hard-mountain style roof, with some wooden parts dating back to the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty drum-shaped stone bases in front of the gate are very exquisite and rare among mosques in China.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/izz1w9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rxyi9q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g40mie.jpg)
+
+The Xianhe Mosque layout uses small courtyards instead of the traditional four-sided courtyard style common in northern mosques. Xianhe Mosque divides the lecture hall, main prayer hall, and gate into three separate small courtyards, and the addition of a moon-viewing pavilion (wangyue ting) and covered walkways outside the south wall of the main hall gives the mosque a garden-like atmosphere.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4npw93.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pu76vc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h5qfk1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/18a5n1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ye29oc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lhm2qw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fsbxed.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/09vzoy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rp4i13.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1j5uys.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9leksm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7xdq91.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i42zhl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sjw7mj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kiy1c8.jpg)
+
+Inside Xianhe Mosque stands a 745-year-old ginkgo tree, the oldest surviving ginkgo in Yangzhou.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6xp07m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hseuex.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ec9lvl.jpg)
+
+**Majianxiang Mosque**
+
+Majianxiang Mosque is located on Majianxiang Street near Yangzhou's East Gate. According to the Hui Muslims' Gu Family Genealogy, it was built in 1714 (the 53rd year of the Kangxi reign) by Gu Yuanbing, a 24th-generation descendant of Pu-ha-ding.
+
+Majianxiang Mosque originally had dozens of rooms, including a gate hall, memorial archway, main prayer hall, reception hall, water room (shuifang), side rooms, and dormitories. Today, only the main prayer hall, a reception hall, and the water room remain. In the early years of the Republic of China, the mosque housed the second Yangzhou branch of the Beijing-based Zhenzong Newspaper and a religious book and newspaper room.
+
+In 1932, Liu Binru, a famous Yangzhou imam and one of the founders of the China Islamic Association, along with Hua Ruzhou, then a director of the Jiangdu County Hui Muslim Association, established the China Islamic Scripture Translation Institute here to translate religious texts. Liu Binru, who was fluent in Arabic and Persian, was responsible for translating the Arabic originals, while Hua Ruzhou translated summaries from the English version by the Indian Islamic scholar Muhammad Ali, which were attached before each section of the scripture. On January 1, 1935, the Chinese Translation of the Quran with Ali's Summaries was officially published with an initial print run of 2,000 copies, sold by major bookstores across the country.
+
+In 1933, the Yangzhou Islamic Association founded the Hui Muslim Cultural Institute at Majianxiang Mosque, led by Liu Binru. to teaching Arabic, the institute offered Chinese, English, and arithmetic, equivalent to upper elementary to junior high school levels, using a classroom-based teaching method instead of the traditional individual scripture hall instruction. Teachers included the Arabic-proficient Majianxiang imam Hua Jinhou, imam Ruan Dechang, imam Lan Baohua of the Huihui Tang Mosque outside the East Gate, and Liu Binru. They also hired Hui Muslim Association members Shen Junchen and Zhang Shaozhe to teach Chinese and arithmetic, and Hua Ruzhou to teach English.
+
+Between 1934 and 1935, the missionary Claude L. Pickens visited Majianxiang Mosque and saw the reading room inside, which contained many books and magazines. He photographed the Gu Gong Memorial Stele erected in 1931. The inscription records the life of the mosque director Gu Sisu, who served for 11 years, repaired the water room and market shops, and built a new greenhouse, making great contributions to the mosque. He passed away in 1930, before the age of 40.
+
+In 1958, Majianxiang Mosque was converted into a factory workshop and occupied by a craft sign factory, a sack factory, and a brush factory. The property was not recovered until 1997, and it was listed as a municipal cultural relic protection unit in 2008; it is currently used as a residence.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uxr6dp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ik2oto.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gxly0h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/28vu2p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/77d24m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n0khnz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f3gt3e.jpg)
+
+**Huihui Tang Mosque**
+
+Legend says Pu-ha-ding was a 16th-generation descendant of the Prophet. He came to Yangzhou during the Xianchun period of the Song Dynasty (1265-1274) and died in Yangzhou in 1275 (the 12th year of the Yuan Zhiyuan reign). He was buried on a high ridge east of the East Gate River in the New City, a place later called Huihui Tang (commonly known as Baba Tomb).
+
+According to oral traditions from local Yangzhou imams, as told by imam Lan Baohua of Huihui Tang on July 17, 1947, Pu-ha-ding was born in 1204 (the 4th year of the Song Jiatai reign) into an aristocratic Arab merchant family and was the 16th-generation descendant of the Prophet. Pu-ha-ding was highly learned and well-versed in scripture and law. At age 57, following the saying 'Seek knowledge even if it is in China,' he spent four years preparing and, at age 61, led a team of 17 people across the Arabian Sea to China.
+
+Pu-ha-ding arrived in Yangzhou in 1265 (the 1st year of the Song Xianchun reign). During his 10 years in Yangzhou, he presided over the founding of Xianhe Mosque, expanded the ancient mosque outside the South Gate, and rebuilt the Nanchao Guan Mosque. He died on a boat in 1275 (the 12th year of the Yuan Zhiyuan reign) while returning from a lecture, at the age of 71. Guangling Governor Yuan Guang'en buried him on a high ridge on the east bank of the Grand Canal, east of Yangzhou city.
+
+The mosque southwest of the Puhading Cemetery is called Huihui Tang Mosque or Babayao Mosque. It was one of the six traditional Hui Muslim neighborhoods in Yangzhou during the Qing Dynasty and is the only one remaining outside the city walls. The current Babayao Mosque was rebuilt in 1776 (the 41st year of the Qianlong reign) and renovated in 1845 (the 25th year of the Daoguang reign), featuring the traditional architectural style typical of the Huaiyang region.
+
+The main gate of Babayao Mosque is on the southwest side of the Puhading Cemetery. The stone plaque above the gate was installed during the Qianlong reign, and the rectangular stone door pillows have a very elegant design.
+
+The main prayer hall is north of the main gate, right next to the stone-paved road of the Grand Canal, and features upturned eaves. The interior has a hard-mountain roof, floor-to-ceiling slatted partition doors, and a traditional timber-frame structure.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nor9rf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zd2ogu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/72od7q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/09mwcc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9nvg0q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/17qzqc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g5spdq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/frfvkb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tsnydm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/030dda.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gf3zt7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o7wdyc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4phhvu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3meg5d.jpg)
+
+Inside the north gatehouse of the Puhading Cemetery, there is a stone tablet from 1908 (the 34th year of the Guangxu reign) titled 'Record of the Tomb of the Sage from the Western Regions, Puhading.' Besides recording his birth and death, it tells legendary stories that the local community calls 'karamat' (miracles). The inscription records that an old monk from the Dragon King Temple tried to compete with Puhading in spiritual power, but he could not win and eventually submitted. It also records that in the early Qing Dynasty, thieves tried to dig up Puhading's tomb. After they opened the tomb cover, a fierce fire suddenly erupted and burned many of the thieves. Later, they saw there were no remains in the tomb, only a copy of the Quran (Tianjing), a hat, shoes, a fan, and a staff. The inscription is signed by 'the imam of this mosque and others who oversaw the carving.' The imam of this mosque refers to the leader of Babayao Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9bzpt.jpg)
+
+**Zhenjiang Shanxiang Mosque**
+
+Zhenjiang Shanxiang Mosque is also called the West City Mosque or the Great West Mosque. Its original construction date is unknown. It was expanded during the Kangxi reign, destroyed by the Taiping Rebellion in 1853 (the 3rd year of the Xianfeng reign), and rebuilt in 1873 (the 12th year of the Tongzhi reign). According to the 'History of Islam in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu,' the late Imam Tan Yuanshen, who lived to be over eighty, recalled hearing from his grandfather and the elders that before the Kangxi-era expansion, the West City Mosque was just three thatched huts. At that time, the area was sparsely populated and vast; one could see the Zhenjiang city gate tower to the east and Yuntai Mountain to the west.
+
+After Zhenjiang opened as a treaty port, the area outside the West Gate became a busy commercial district. In 1865, the British established a concession by the river. With the opening of the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway, the area outside the West Gate developed further, and Hui Muslims kept moving there to trade and settle around Shanxiang Mosque.
+
+In 1902 (the 28th year of the Guangxu reign), Zhenjiang Hui Muslims raised funds to expand Shanxiang Mosque, and the current layout dates back to this renovation.
+
+Shanxiang Mosque consists of a small courtyard and a large courtyard. Entering the main gate, you find the first small courtyard. Passing through the front hall leads to the second small courtyard, with a side door on the side and the second gate directly ahead. Passing through the second gate leads to the third small courtyard, and then a corridor leads into the large courtyard, which contains the prayer hall, the south lecture hall, and the opposite hall. This layout of large and small courtyards is very characteristic of the Jianghuai region.
+
+**Main gate**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lbonow.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m6yslq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qievci.jpg)
+
+During the War of Resistance, the front hall was used as a classroom for Muyuan Primary School. The plaque above was written by Imam Hua Guilin in 1984, and the couplets were written in 2010 by the famous Beijing Arabic calligrapher Li Wencai.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/itplz6.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangsu___25_Historic_Mosques__Part_3.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangsu___25_Historic_Mosques__Part_3.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..81151d37f9b713ce54be2a85b5fd424359da5805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangsu___25_Historic_Mosques__Part_3.md
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Jiangsu - 25 Historic Mosques, Part 3"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2576"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2576"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:02Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "2fb4924c337374511095fe1307aee9d4812dbeaab66f0fef6cdb0589107dac3f"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Jiangsu - 25 Historic Mosques, Part 3
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This third part of the Jiangsu mosque series continues through historic Hui Muslim mosque sites, inscriptions, architectural remains, and community stories across the province. It records mosque relocations, preserved prayer halls, Qing and Republic of China era tablets, family histories, and the changing urban settings around these sites.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i79d91.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3kfn1x.jpg)
+
+**The stone door base outside the front hall.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pn6vmf.jpg)
+
+**The rockery inside the second small courtyard.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5z5k7h.jpg)
+
+The second gate.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d4e41v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tvhu8r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xma2mb.jpg)
+
+Facing the side gate hall is a green screen door with the circular characters for "halal" written in the center.
+
+After the mosque was smashed and occupied in the 1960s and 1970s, only the side gate hall remained, guarded by an elder named Ma Zhonglin. The occupying unit tried to force Ma Zhonglin out with various excuses, but he refused them all and spent ten difficult years there. During those ten years, all the Hui Muslims in Zhenjiang stored funeral supplies and held funeral preparations in this gate hall. At that time, only elder Ma Zhonglin washed the bodies of the deceased, performed the funeral dua (namaz), and recited dua at the gravesite. He also slaughtered poultry for the village elders in the side gate hall every morning.
+
+In 1981, elder Ma Zhonglin passed away. Afterward, Tan Quanhong and Zhang Dagui took turns slaughtering poultry for the elders in the side gate hall every morning. That same year, the occupying unit began to move out, and the Shanxiang Mosque was finally recovered.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3sx2o6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/masja5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ph3q8u.jpg)
+
+**The third small courtyard outside the second gate.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2uyepa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1cvhsi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3cu4ua.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hera0j.jpg)
+
+The large courtyard. The courtyard has a cross-shaped path and is planted with pine and ginkgo trees. There were once two ginkgo trees over 200 years old in the courtyard, but they were cut down in 1958 to support the Great Leap Forward steel production.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0pwlog.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/glxvv7.jpg)
+
+Shanxiang Mosque was once an important national base for printing and publishing Islamic books. From the Qianlong to the Tongzhi periods of the Qing Dynasty, more than 20 types of philosophical and religious books, including the "Baoming Zhenjing," "Tianfang Dianli," "Guizhen Zongyi," and "Huihui Yuanlai," were woodblock printed in hundreds of editions and shipped across the country by land and water. To this day, the Cultural Palace of Nationalities in Beijing, the Central University for Nationalities Library, and the Peking University Library all hold books printed by the Zhenjiang Shanxiang Mosque.
+
+In the 1960s and 1970s, the Shanxiang Mosque was severely damaged, and none of its scriptures, woodblock plates, plaques, couplets, furniture, decorations, or other cultural relics survived.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rejfwb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/01kqmv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jbrtzf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hi7m1x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1q5d4t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cgiv2e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lf5uwk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5m9v8y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y63xqv.jpg)
+
+The opposite hall, decorated with calligraphy hanging in the center and on scrolls.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yqqwtv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6awmdt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eiemjq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3hokjb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/odxf03.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pqvpc8.jpg)
+
+**The traditional winding alley.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j24ics.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mzn42g.jpg)
+
+The alley name comes from the Persian word "Baba," which is what Hui Muslims often call their elders.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t3nlb6.jpg)
+
+**Stone carvings from the Ming and Qing dynasties at the Jianzi Alley Mosque.**
+
+Jianzi Lane Mosque was originally called Gurun Mosque. It was first built in Ren'an Ward on Fumin Street and served as a mosque for the Hui Muslims in Zhenjiang during the Yuan Dynasty. According to the 1333 (the fourth year of the Zhishun era of the Yuan Dynasty) Records of Zhishun Zhenjiang, there were 59 Hui Muslim households with 374 people in Zhenjiang during the Yuan Dynasty. The famous Yuan Dynasty Hui Muslim poet Sa Dula served as a darughachi (a seal-holding administrator) for the Zhenjiang Circuit Record Office for three years starting in 1328 (the first year of the Tianli era). According to the Guangxu-era Dantu County Annals, Sa Dula did many good deeds in Zhenjiang, such as stabilizing prices, opening granaries to help the people, curbing powerful servants, and breaking down superstitions. In 1326 (the third year of the Taiding era), a scholar named Zhemaluding, who had passed the provincial examinations in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, served as a professor at the Zhenjiang Circuit Confucian School, which was the highest educational official position at the time.
+
+Gurun Mosque was destroyed at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. It was rebuilt during the Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty. In 1602 (the 30th year of the Wanli era), it was moved to Jianzi Lane inside the city and became known as Jianzi Lane Mosque. It was renovated three times in 1850 (the 30th year of the Daoguang era), 1904 (the 30th year of the Guangxu era), and 1909 (the first year of the Xuantong era).
+
+In 1958, Jianzi Lane Mosque was occupied by a knitting factory and a color printing factory. From the 1970s to the early 1980s, the printing factory and other units demolished the main prayer hall, the lobby, and the water room to build factory buildings. A stone tablet titled Record of Gurun Mosque, written in 1620 (the 48th year of the Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty) by the scholar Li Yiyang, was used to mix cement, leaving the inscriptions damaged and blurry. The calligrapher for the Wanli renovation tablet was Ma Zhiqi, a Hui Muslim from Xinye, Henan. Ma Zhiqi was a runner-up in the 1610 (the 38th year of the Wanli era) imperial examinations. He was skilled in poetry and calligraphy. Between the Wanli and Chongzhen eras, he wrote renovation tablets for the Xiaopiyuan Mosque in Xi'an, Shaanxi, the Datong Mosque in Shanxi, the Jinshifang Street Mosque in Beijing, and the Wudu Chengguan Mosque in Gansu. In 1982, the Zhenjiang Islamic Association restored the stone tablet and moved it to Shanxiang Mosque, finally preserving it.
+
+The printing factory occupying the mosque did not move out until 1993, and the Islamic Association regained ownership of Jianzi Lane Mosque in 1994. In 2005, when Zhenjiang built the First Building commercial pedestrian street, Jianzi Lane Mosque was completely demolished. A new Gurun Mosque was built on Xuefu Road, and the Wanli renovation tablet, the ancient well railing, and three Qing Dynasty renovation tablets from the original Jianzi Lane Mosque were placed in the courtyard for preservation.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m99xgm.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q9kbzx.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pryv3b.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nerss5.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zhhlep.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wnk7uu.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jdewi0.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q06a3a.jpg)
+
+**Qing Dynasty mihrab from the South Gate Mosque.**
+
+to the relics from Jianzi Lane Mosque, Gurun Mosque also houses the mihrab tablet from the kiln hall of the South Gate Mosque in Zhenjiang.
+
+The South Gate Mosque in Zhenjiang was located at the east end of Miaojia Lane. It is believed to have been built in the early Qing Dynasty and was an east-facing courtyard house. Opposite the mosque gate stood a row of tall elm trees that provided dense shade. The prayer hall and the opposite hall were both three bays wide. There were tall ginkgo trees on both sides in front of the hall, with guest rooms to the south and a water room, kitchen, and storage room to the north.
+
+In the early 20th century, the imam of the South Gate Mosque was an imam named Ma from Henan. In the early 1920s, he was hired by the community (dost) in Shou County, Anhui, and was succeeded by Imam Wan Shourong. The daily affairs of the mosque were managed by Jin Zhiguang from the Xinchangheng fabric store and Xia Songfu, the father of Xia Rongguang. During the Republic of China era, the firewood and rice market outside the South Gate was very prosperous, and more than 50 Hui Muslim households lived there.
+
+In 1937, the South Gate Mosque was destroyed by war. The mihrab tablet from the kiln hall was kept in the home of Hua Baoren next to the mosque until it was moved to Gurun Mosque in 2005.
+
+The lotus-shaped Arabic script at the top of the stone tablet is the Basmala. The middle part contains verse 163 of the Cow Chapter (Surah Al-Baqarah), and the diamond-shaped inscription at the bottom is in Kufic Arabic calligraphy, which reads: Prostrate yourselves, and worship your Lord.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8kay6w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q6we6h.png)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b2wldk.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cju0zo.jpg)
+
+**Xinhe Street Mosque.**
+
+Xinhe Street Mosque was built in 1930. Zhenjiang Hui Muslims also commonly called it the Jinde Association. It was originally a private residence purchased with donations from Muslims in both Shanghai and Zhenjiang, so it is a Jiangnan-style courtyard house with three sections and two side wings.
+
+Yihewani, also known as the New Sect, means brothers in Arabic. It was founded by Ma Wanfu from Guoyuan Township, Linxia, after he returned from the Hajj in Mecca at the end of the 19th century, and was later carried on by Hu Songshan. The Ikhwan sect advocates following the scriptures and reforming customs, basing their faith on the Quran and Hadith. They opposed certain traditional practices of the Gedimu sect, such as wearing mourning clothes or calling the adhan when moving into a new home.
+
+The Ikhwan sect spread to the Jiangnan region in the 1920s. In 1926, Imam Ha Decheng and others founded the Jinde Association at the Xiaotaoyuan Mosque in Shanghai to promote Ikhwan teachings. Fa Jiesan (1872-1958), a local Hui Muslim from Zhenjiang who moved to Shanghai, discussed the teachings with Imam Ha Decheng. He accepted the Ikhwan views and returned to Zhenjiang to practice his faith at home according to Ikhwan rituals. Later, funds were raised in both Shanghai and Zhenjiang to build an Ikhwan mosque on Xinhe Street.
+
+After the Ikhwan sect arrived in Zhenjiang, it was generally hard for the middle-aged and elderly to accept, but many young people embraced it. At the time, the new and old sects lived in peace and operated side by side.
+
+The old Xinhe Street mosque had a stone plaque above the main gate engraved with the words 'Mosque' (Huijiaotang), but it no longer exists. The current building consists of three small bays with three courtyards and side rooms. There is a covered patio between the first and second courtyards, a garden gate connecting the second and third, and the third section is a two-story building.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m97ty1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kmdt5d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wp9lw3.jpg)
+
+The Zhenjiang Jinde Association usually held a dinner every Saturday night after the evening namaz. They invited an imam to give a sermon (wa'az), and everyone who came to listen was invited to eat. The costs were covered by members who had hired the imam to perform memorial prayers for their ancestors.
+
+During summer and winter breaks, the Jinde Association also organized scripture classes for Hui Muslim children, and families from all sects sent their children to study.
+
+After the mosque was built, many famous imams were hired to lead religious affairs. In 1947, the famous Imam Li Si (Li Zhenji) from Anhui came to the Xinhe Street mosque from the Luohe Mosque in Henan. According to Mr. Xia Rongguang, Imam Li Si was nearly 70 years old at the time. He had a kind and gentle appearance and a refined manner. When he explained the teachings, everyone, regardless of their level of understanding, felt inspired. Because of this, more and more elders from other neighborhoods came to the mosque for Friday Jumu'ah prayers. In the autumn of 1949, Imam Li Si returned to Luohe from Zhenjiang.
+
+In 1950, 43-year-old Imam Zhang Zhushu came to the Xinhe Street mosque to serve as the head imam. Imam Zhang Zhushu was from Xiangfan, Hubei. Mr. Xia Rongguang recalled that he was well-versed in religious teachings and had broad modern knowledge. When he taught, he connected it to real life with vivid, simple language. He attracted ordinary elders and won the praise of intellectuals, and local Muslims in Zhenjiang called him an imam of the new era. In 1953, Imam Zhang Zhushu was invited by the Fuyou Road Mosque in Shanghai to serve as their imam, so he left Zhenjiang.
+
+After that, the elder Tan Jizhen managed the prayers and affairs at the Xinhe Street mosque until it was merged into the Shanxiang Mosque in 1958. It later became a dormitory for a forestry machinery factory and has been abandoned ever since.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lsr0a7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4zw0qs.jpg)
+
+**Jingjue Mosque**
+
+Jingjue Mosque is located on Sanshan Street in the south of Nanjing. It was originally called the Sanshan Street Mosque, but was renamed Jingjue Mosque during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. It is the primary mosque of Nanjing from the Ming era.
+
+One account says Jingjue Mosque was built in 1388 (the 21st year of the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty) by imperial order to house officials from the Western Regions who had submitted to the Ming, such as Yibulajin and Kemaruding. Another account says it was built in 1392 (the 25th year of the Hongwu reign) by imperial order for Saihazhi, the seventh-generation descendant of Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din. Both accounts are recorded on Ming Dynasty stone tablets.
+
+According to the 1493 (fifth year of the Hongzhi reign of the Ming Dynasty) inscription titled 'Imperial Decree to Build Two Mosques in Yingtian Prefecture, Jiangnan,' it states: 'In the 21st year of the Hongwu reign, Yibulajin, Kemaluding, and others, originally from the Rumi Kingdom in the Western Regions, followed the Duke of Song to submit to China after conquering the Jinshan and Kaiyuan areas. Therefore, two mosques were built by imperial decree to settle them, and five households including Kemaluding were assigned to live at the Jingjue Mosque near the Moon-Watching Tower (Wangyue Lou).' The family genealogies of two Hui Muslim branches with the surname Ma, known as 'Weiyitang' and 'Bojitang' in Hushu, Nanjing, both record that they are descendants of Ma Gutai and Ma Baihao, who were settled at the Jingjue Mosque at that time.
+
+According to a 1405 (third year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty) inscription at the Great Mosque on Huajue Lane in Xi'an, 'On the 14th day of the third month of the 25th year of the Hongwu reign, Saihazhi, the seventh-generation grandson of the Prince of Xianyang, Sai Dianchi, went to the inner court to receive an imperial decree:...two mosques were to be built in two locations, one at Copper Workshop on Sanshan Street in Yingtian Prefecture, Nanjing, and one on Ziwu Lane, Chang'an County, Xi'an Prefecture, Shaanxi Province.' The 'Genealogy of Sai Dianchi' records that Saihazhi was granted the hereditary title of Marquis of Xianning, and 'when the Ming Emperor Taizu established the capital in Jinling, he commissioned Saihazhi to build a mosque in Jinling.' After the work was finished, he built the Great Mosque in Chang'an. When the Tiemao Lane Mosque in Taicang, Jiangsu, was rebuilt in the 1980s, a stone tablet was found inside the wall, revealing that the Taicang mosque was also built by Saihazhi.
+
+Additionally, according to the Republic of China era 'Zhongnan and Huaibei Regional Gazetteer,' 'North of the street is the Jingjue Mosque. Wu Ru from the Western Regions came to China during the Ming Dynasty to serve in the Imperial Board of Astronomy. He lived in Nanjing and built this mosque next to his residence.' Therefore, the Jingjue Mosque may have originally been part of Wu Ru's residence.
+
+The Jingjue Mosque was destroyed by fire in 1430 (fifth year of the Xuande reign), and Zheng He requested its reconstruction before his seventh voyage to the Western Oceans. According to the 'Record of the Imperial Decree for Eunuch Zheng He to Rebuild the Mosque,' it states: 'Your request has been received: The mosque on Sanshan Street in Nanjing has been burned down.' 'Because you wish to rebuild it to pray for the safety of the funds, grain, people, and ships for your voyage, this shows your respectful heart. How could this be neglected?' 'As an imperial envoy, since you have already set your heart on this, how could your wish be abandoned?' 'If the personnel and materials you use are insufficient and delay your project, you may draw supplies from the Nanjing Directorate of Palace Servants and the Ministry of Works so that it can be completed in time for the winds to set sail. This is the decree.'
+
+During the Taiping Rebellion, most of the bricks, tiles, and wood from the Jingjue Mosque were dismantled to build the mansion of the feudal prince. After being rebuilt in 1877 (third year of the Guangxu reign) and renovated in 1879 (fifth year of the Guangxu reign), it took on its current layout. In the early years of the Republic of China, the wealthy Nanjing gentleman Jiang Xiudong and his wife funded the construction of the north and south lecture halls and the hall building for the Jingjue Mosque, and it was renovated again in 1957. After the 1960s, the Jingjue Mosque was occupied by a rubber company and the No. 3 Rubber Factory. The remaining Ming Dynasty brick and stone archway and the Butterfly Hall were demolished, and plaques, couplets, and stone tablets were severely damaged. It was reopened in 1983 after renovations in 1982, and the reconstruction of the archway was completed in 1985.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uw5lt5.jpg)
+
+During the Ming Dynasty, the main hall of the Jingjue Mosque had 81 rooms and was built with nanmu wood. The current main hall was rebuilt in 1877 (third year of the Guangxu reign). It is convex-shaped and features a traditional wooden frame structure. The main hall and the opposite hall are connected by a corridor, forming a gong-shaped plan, which is typical of the Jiangnan style. The mihrab niche was moved from the original Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque, and the surrounding wooden carvings of scriptures were carved in 2001.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8jspf2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nkkzdq.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cf1tls.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fhnvaq.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mcxuhn.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qq79mw.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jh1pun.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gcxwmp.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g7s339.jpg)
+
+The back of the prayer hall connects directly to a high wall, which is a typical practice of Jianghuai courtyard-style architecture and is very rare in the north.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uah82e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1esw6x.jpg)
+
+During the 2007 renovation, the main hall was raised by 1 meter. During this process, workers dug two meters deep and unearthed Ming Dynasty glazed tiles, brick carvings, stone railings, and huge Ming Dynasty stone column bases. These bases were twice the diameter of those from the Guangxu period.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8a6sbj.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/13r5ck.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1n1w1g.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mo9ejl.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p4j77l.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/642r3l.jpg)
+
+The only remaining Ming Dynasty brick and stone archway and the Butterfly Hall were both demolished in the 1960s. The archway was rebuilt in 1985, the Butterfly Hall was rebuilt in 2004, and a new stele pavilion was built in 1996.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/il4r4e.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vbg4ns.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fc1jmc.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aceo4s.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tej4wl.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s21az7.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ipghxi.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iuvm5g.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rmt7lt.jpg)
+
+**The only Jahriyya mosque in Nanjing.**
+
+Inside Nanjing's Jingjue Mosque, there is a stone tablet from the 17th year of the Guangxu reign titled 'Great Transformation to Truth' (Da Hua Gui Zhen). It records how Wu Defa followed his father Wu Dasong's final wishes and donated the back part of their family home at 59 Shigu Road (formerly Xiaofengfu Lane) to build the Shigu Road Mosque. The tablet mentions two Jahriyya imams, Fan Yuncai and Zhan Fengxiang. Witnesses included neighbors surnamed Chen, Cai, Zhou, and Yu; fellow Muslims surnamed Sun, Li, Wu, Zhan, Zong, and Jin; close relatives surnamed Ha, Ma, and Mai; and clan members surnamed Wu. This tablet was originally kept at the Shigu Road Mosque. After the mosque was demolished in 1986 for road expansion, the tablet was moved to Jingjue Mosque.
+
+Shigu Road Mosque is the only Jahriyya mosque in Nanjing. In the late years of the Qianlong reign, a Hui Muslim of the Jahriyya order surnamed Wu from Taiyuan, Shanxi, settled on Shigu Road in Nanjing. Influenced by him, Jahriyya followers (gaomu) began to appear in the Shigu Road, Sanmaogong, and Nantai Lane areas of Nanjing. Most of them worked in the fish fry farming industry. Initially, Nanjing's Jahriyya followers practiced at the Wuxueyuan Mosque (Yuan Mosque) near Shigu Road. During the Taiping Rebellion, Wuxueyuan Mosque was destroyed by war, so the followers moved their practice to the Fengfu Road Mosque. Because their loud chanting style was different, Wu Defa later invited Jahriyya followers to practice at his own home on Shigu Road, eventually founding the Shigu Road Mosque in 1891 (the 17th year of the Guangxu reign).
+
+The Nanjing Jahriyya order belongs to the Beishan Menhuan. The Beishan Menhuan is centered in Beishan, Zhangjiachuan, Gansu. Its leader, Ma Yuanzhang, was well-read in both Islamic and Chinese classics and adopted the ideas of Liu Jielian to explain Islam through Confucianism. After the Shigu Road Mosque was established, Fan Yuncai and Zhan Fengxiang from the Beishan Menhuan served as imams. Imam Fan Yuncai was from Siyang, Jiangsu. During the Republic of China era, his son Fan Zhaofa opened the 'Faji Carriage Company' in Nanjing, which was very successful. In 1905, Wu Wenlian, the grandson of Wu Defa, went to Gansu to study Islamic texts. After completing his studies in 1911, he was appointed by Ma Yuanzhang as the imam of Shigu Road Mosque.
+
+After the Beishan leader Ma Yuanzhang passed away in 1920, his nephew Ma Dianwu took over the leadership. It remained the Beishan Menhuan, overseeing over 100 mosques in places like Zhangjiachuan, Tianshui, and Longnan in Gansu, Qiqihar in Heilongjiang, Runan in Henan, and Long County in Shaanxi. Nanjing's Shigu Road was its only mosque in East China.
+
+In 1937, Ma Dianwu appointed Imam Su Ziying from Zhangjiachuan, Gansu, as the imam of Shigu Road Mosque. Imam Su actively visited other mosques, connected with community elders, and promoted education. This helped the Shigu Road Mosque flourish and trained over 20 students (hailifa). In 1953, Imam Yang Junwen succeeded as the imam of Shigu Road Mosque. In 1958, the mosque closed, and Imam Yang Junwen became an imam at Fengfu Road Mosque. Afterward, Imam Yang no longer maintained contact with the Beishan Menhuan, and his religious practices gradually merged with the Gedimu order.
+
+In 1986, the Shigu Road Mosque was demolished for road widening. Although the mosque closed, some descendants of Nanjing's Jahriyya followers still kept up their religious practices. For example, Fan Songshou, a descendant of Imam Fan Wencai, made a living running a tofu shop. Even in his nineties, he insisted on performing the five daily prayers (namaz) and continued to fast during Ramadan. In the 1960s, he still volunteered to wash and bury the deceased and help with funeral arrangements.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aotbt7.jpg)
+
+Plaque inscriptions at Jingjue Mosque:
+
+'Pure and Single-minded' (Wei Jing Wei Yi): An auspicious day in the first month of summer, the Gengyin year of the 16th year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing, by the Commander of the Jiujiang Town, Jiangxi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v9dyk6.jpg)
+
+'Correct Heart and Sincere Intent' (Zheng Xin Cheng Yi): June of the 11th year of the Republic of China, respectfully erected by members of the Nanjing Islamic Association.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kou5o3.jpg)
+
+The stele from the 47th year of the Qianlong reign records the four boundaries of Jingjue Mosque. It notes that a shop on the east side was rented out, and a shop on the west side near Horse Lane (Ma Xiang) was rented out for a flower shop. The elders who donated funds included those with the surnames Chen, Ma, Wu, Jin, Zheng, and Sha.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/62eyws.jpg)
+
+The stele from the 18th year of the Guangxu reign records that Imam Ma donated his own land next to the mosque to build the main prayer hall and the water room (wudu area).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/igv0kc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hci8dp.jpg)
+
+Jingjue Mosque houses a memorial stele for Ma Yitang, a Hui Muslim merchant from Nanjing who lived in Shanghai. It was inscribed in 1931 by Ma Fuxiang, a famous Beiyang general who was serving as the chairman of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission.
+
+Ma Yitang was born in 1869. His ancestors ran a money shop outside Jubao Gate in Nanjing, and the family owned the Ma Yulong Satin and Fan Shop. Ma Yitang used Shanghai as his base to expand his trade in Chinese and foreign general merchandise. He set up businesses in Chengdu and Chongqing, and his goods were sold as far away as the Tibetan regions. Ma Yitang was devoted to the faith. He served as a director for the North Mosque and West Mosque in Shanghai and helped fund the founding of the Hanxi Gate Girls' School and the Zhugan Lane Girls' School in Nanjing. In 1909, Ma Yitang became a special deliberative director of the Shanghai Islamic Board of Directors and participated in all its decision-making. In 1921, he was responsible for expanding the Xiaoshadu Mosque in Shanghai, which is now the Huxi Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zook9k.jpg)
+
+Jingjue Mosque houses a notice stele from the 15th year of the Republic of China issued by the Police Department for the Shangfuqiao Mosque. It was erected by the West District Police Station of the Jiangsu Provincial Capital Police Department. It records that the police stepped in to protect the Shangfuqiao Mosque and the Dajiao Lane Mosque to uphold the rights of the faith. The petitioners included Hui Muslims with the surnames Bai, Tao, Pu, Ma, Yuan, Liang, Wei, and Jin.
+
+Shangfuqiao Mosque was located in Chuanban Lane. It was first built in 1662 (the first year of the Kangxi reign), destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion in the Xianfeng era, and rebuilt in 1876 (the second year of the Guangxu reign). It was later occupied by Nanjing No. 62 Middle School, and the notice stele was moved into Jingjue Mosque. Dajiao Lane Mosque was first built in 1874 (the 13th year of the Tongzhi reign). The mosque once housed trade associations for the pavilion decoration, wedding, and fried rice industries. It was later occupied by a factory and eventually demolished.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/snfqpc.jpg)
+
+Jingjue Mosque houses a Qing dynasty stone carving from the Neiqiaowan Mosque, which was rescued from under an excavator during the demolition of Neiqiaowan in 2019.
+
+Neiqiaowan Mosque was located on Zhongshan South Road. One account says it was first built in 1645 (the second year of the Shunzhi reign), while another says it was built in 1662 (the first year of the Kangxi reign). In 1898 (the 24th year of the Guangxu reign), Shi Jialiang bought a group of houses in Neiqiaowan to rebuild the main prayer hall. The Shi family's ancestral home was in Wuwei, Gansu. They came to Nanjing during the Jiaqing reign of the Qing dynasty to develop the silk trade and later became a famous satin-trading family in Nanjing. They founded the Shi Juxing Satin Shop during the Daoguang reign. The Shi family moved to Shanghai during the Guangxu reign to develop their business and were members of the Shanghai Mosque Board of Directors.
+
+Neiqiaowan Mosque once housed a primary school and a trade association for the glutinous rice food industry. It was demolished in 1991 due to road widening.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jp6y01.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fnb0xg.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/drtku6.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xp8wvm.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0ufdg7.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3qphl3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6cakmo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/walxrw.jpg)
+
+**The former Taiping Road Mosque.**
+
+Because the Jiangsu Hotel expanded to Taiping Road, the main prayer hall and the opposite hall of the Taiping Road Mosque were moved 40 meters south of the Old Caoqiao Mosque in 2003. The work was completed in 2005.
+
+Taiping Road Mosque was originally called Huapailou Mosque. Legend says it was built by Chang Yuchun in the early Ming dynasty. It was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion and later rebuilt with funds raised by elders from the Ha, Ma, Zheng, Yang, Ding, and Chang families. It was renovated under the leadership of Ma Jingtao during the Tongzhi reign. In 1924, Nanjing wealthy merchants and brothers Jiang Muzhou and Jiang Sukan (Guobang) donated funds to rebuild a new mosque on the south side, which was still called Huapailou Mosque. When the road was widened in 1931, the gate tower was demolished. Huapailou was renamed Taiping Road, and Huapailou Mosque was also renamed Taiping Road Mosque.
+
+After the victory in the War of Resistance against Japan in 1945, the Jiang family of Jinling funded the renovation of the main prayer hall and built the Jiang Family Shouxuan Hall in the north courtyard. In the same year, the China Islamic National Salvation Association moved into the Taiping Road Mosque and changed its name to the China Islamic Association. Its first chairman was Bai Chongxi. It was the highest Islamic organization in the country at the time until it moved to Taipei in 1949. After the 1960s, the Taiping Road Mosque was occupied. It was reclaimed in 1978, reopened in 1980, and designated as a municipal cultural relic protection unit in 1982. It remained there until it was demolished in 2003, when the components of the main prayer hall and the opposite hall were moved to a new site.
+
+The wealthy Jiang family of Nanjing paid for the daily expenses of Taiping Road Mosque, making it the richest mosque in Nanjing during the Republic of China era. The Jiang family of Nanjing originally came from Yuncao, an ancient town in Hanshan County, Anhui. They moved to Nanjing in 1808 (the 13th year of the Jiaqing reign). They started as small vendors before expanding into the silk, salt, and pawnshop businesses. By the Guangxu reign, they had opened branches in major trading ports and became a wealthy merchant family.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/krdvlf.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangsu___25_Historic_Mosques__Part_4.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangsu___25_Historic_Mosques__Part_4.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..50dc56761e13498df0880cf3124febef4857933f
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@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Jiangsu - 25 Historic Mosques, Part 4"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2579"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2579"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:50Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "d49c37928fac4194512154a8713996d4b255987cf76c05e14db284e1e1afa7e9"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Jiangsu - 25 Historic Mosques, Part 4
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This fourth part of the Jiangsu mosque series records historic mosque sites in Nanjing and Liuhe, including Taiping Road Mosque, Caoqiao Mosque, Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque, Hushu Mosque, South Gate Mosque, Changjiang Road Mosque, and Zhuzhen Mosque. The article preserves founding dates, women's mosque history, Da Pusheng family records, stone tablets, ancient trees, and surviving architectural details.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wxcrym.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yybvlw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zhooe7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a0y7vn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mztzsp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b52kyg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i7mfs4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/17to3d.jpg)
+
+The front hall of the former Taiping Road Mosque served as the office for the chairman of the Chinese Islamic Association between 1945 and 1949, where Bai Chongxi once worked.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dqfrs6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ax3zu6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k8q3em.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dse0ga.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pxm13l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p69x9v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/om8zn8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/med6h2.jpg)
+
+The brick carving titled 'Purifying the Heart and Gazing at the Palace' (xixin zhanque) from the water room of the former Taiping Road Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/skwaj6.jpg)
+
+The former Taiping Road Mosque collection includes the 'Postscript to the Filial Piety Arch for Mother' written by Jiang Guobang. It records that Jiang, a wealthy Nanjing merchant, lost his father early and was raised by his mother, Madam Ma. In 1911 (the third year of the Xuantong reign), he petitioned to build a memorial arch for his mother's filial piety. Due to the change in government, it was finally completed in 1914.
+
+Jiang Guobang came from the wealthy Jiang merchant family of Jinling, but he was indifferent to fame and wealth, dedicating himself to the study of traditional Chinese classics. Jiang Guobang was very filial. To provide his mother with a good place for her retirement, he spent a large sum of money to buy the Small Ten Thousand Willow Hall (xiaowanliutang) by West Lake in Hangzhou, later naming it 'Jiang Manor' (Jiangzhuang), which was one of the three major manors of West Lake at the time. Jiang Guobang oversaw the reconstruction of the Taiping Road Mosque in 1924 and later built a filial piety arch for his mother inside the mosque. The arch no longer exists, leaving only the stone tablet record.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rd1six.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ssqe34.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kb5vtz.jpg)
+
+The Qing dynasty well railing and the Guangxu reign stone tablet at Caoqiao Mosque. Caoqiao Mosque was first built during the Guangxu reign of the Qing dynasty, destroyed by fire during the Taiping Rebellion, and rebuilt in the early years of the Tongzhi reign. Because it was located in Qijiawan, a neighborhood where Hui Muslims lived, Caoqiao Mosque once had the largest number of congregants in Nanjing. Historically, Caoqiao Mosque had no property of its own; its daily expenses were covered by the Beef and Bone Trade Association located within the mosque. After 1958, Caoqiao Mosque was occupied and later rented to the Nanjing Woodware Factory, suffering severe damage. The property was returned in 1985 but remained closed until it was demolished in 2003.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9wgx8y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h2plor.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6312eg.jpg)
+
+**Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque.**
+
+Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque was first built in the late Tongzhi reign of the Qing dynasty. It is one of the few remaining old buildings among the 33 mosques in Nanjing from the Republic of China era. The mihrab (mihalabu) niche currently in Jingjue Mosque was moved here from the Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque. Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque was used as a residence for a long time. It has now been vacated and may be put to new use.
+
+In 1917, Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque founded the private Wuben Primary School to teach cultural subjects and Islamic knowledge. It moved to the entrance of Xiaowangfu Lane on Fengfu Road in 1953 and became a municipal school in 1956.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8o459c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/awvzhs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9evrjp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3g0vm6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mnfmbc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lpmwqg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qtkqz4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/87ws9n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sqd8wv.jpg)
+
+**Hushu Mosque.**
+
+Hushu Mosque was first built in 1392 (the 25th year of the Hongwu reign). It was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion, and the main hall was rebuilt in 1896 (the 22nd year of the Guangxu reign). In 1911, five tile-roofed rooms were built on the left side in front of the main hall, with the water room on the left, dormitories on the right, and a guest hall in the middle. In 1919, three rooms of the front hall, five rooms of the main hall, and two rooms of the east wing at the main gate were rebuilt.
+
+Around 1932, a primary school for Hui Muslim children was established inside Hushu Mosque, which moved out of the mosque in 1956. In 1964, the main hall of Hushu Mosque was demolished during the 'Four Cleanups Movement' and was occupied by the Hushu Straw Bag Factory, Hushu Hardware Factory, and Hushu Supply and Marketing Cooperative during the Cultural Revolution. The main hall was rebuilt in 1988. The roof of the main hall at Hushu Mosque was originally built in a palace style with upturned eaves, but it was changed to a flat roof after renovations.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kse8sf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sxgll2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k95kz0.jpg)
+
+The gate piers from the original construction in 1392.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nvt4q8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r8q82d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7vwppt.jpg)
+
+A ginkgo tree transplanted in 1689.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gjoyam.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/07xnxq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zp6jgo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dp34p5.jpg)
+
+**Liuhe South Gate Mosque.**
+
+Liuhe once had seven mosques and three schools for women. Today, the Changjiang Road Mosque, South Gate Mosque, and Zhuzhen Mosque are open, and the historic buildings of the South Gate Women's School and Zhuzhen Women's School have been preserved.
+
+Liuhe South Gate Mosque was first built in 1403 (the first year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty), renovated in 1553 (the 32nd year of the Jiajing reign), destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion, and later rebuilt. One of the four famous imams of the Republic of China, Imam Da Pusheng, had three generations of his family—from his great-grandfather to his father—serve as the imam at South Gate Mosque. The old Da family home is on Qingzhen Street right at the mosque entrance. Imam Da Pusheng studied the scriptures at South Gate Mosque for seven years from the age of 10 to 17, before moving on to Nanjing and Beijing for further studies.
+
+The ancestors of the Baiyetang Da family, to which Imam Da Pusheng belonged, were from the Western Regions during the Yuan Dynasty. Research shows they belonged to the Kipchak Yuliberi tribe, and his ancestor served as a darughachi in Zhenjiang before passing away there. His sixth-generation ancestor, Da Shanyu, moved from Zhenjiang to Liuhe in the early Ming Dynasty to take up a position as a county assistant. He settled in Liuhe, making this the oldest Hui Muslim family from the Western Regions in the area.
+
+After 1966, South Gate Mosque was occupied by a kindergarten, during which time the Shamao Hall (a secondary hall), the north wing, the red gate, and the entrance hall were demolished. The kindergarten moved out in 1975, and the site was later borrowed by Baozhen Primary School. It was finally reclaimed in 2000 when the school moved out. In 2013, the main hall was raised and rebuilt. Later, the Tongxin Tower and Tongxing Building were added, and the site was finally opened for use in 2020.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v1ms9k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dth1zt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dvf5in.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w522uh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ald0p4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fs4scp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hrhqsg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ivlh71.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mn4lsh.jpg)
+
+Stone carvings and ancient trees at Liuhe South Gate Mosque:
+
+**A stone tablet from the seventh year of the Daoguang reign commemorating a house donation by a Hui Muslim named Li.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oe6aqz.jpg)
+
+**A boundary marker for the mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yg3kou.jpg)
+
+A stone tablet from the 12th year of the Guangxu reign, recording that South Gate Mosque was destroyed by the Taiping Rebellion during the Xianfeng period, many Hui Muslims from the local militia died in battle, and the government later stepped in to protect the graves.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4u38q2.jpg)
+
+A couplet written by Wang Jianli in the 10th year of the Republic of China: 'Keep your heart pure and clean as if in the afterlife, return to the truth and simplicity just the same.'
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s2etd5.jpg)
+
+**Qing Dynasty drum-shaped stone bases in front of the main gate.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hiqenv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c2p80y.jpg)
+
+A 460-year-old Chinese juniper in front of the main hall, classified as a first-class ancient tree.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aezib5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tyu0th.jpg)
+
+**Liuhe Women's School.**
+
+The Liuhe Muslim Women's School began in 1912, and the current building was constructed in 1930. It was later used as a funeral home for Hui Muslims and is a rare surviving example of a Muslim women's school from the Republic of China era.
+
+Traditionally, these women's schools did not form formal classes, did not call the adhan, did not hold Jumu'ah or Eid prayers, and the female imam (shiniang) did not lead the prayer from the front, but instead stood in the middle of the first row. Women's mosques (nuxue) do not have minarets, and the main prayer hall does not have a pulpit (minbar). Female imams (shiniang) lead the local women in their religious duties and teach them about the faith.
+
+Women's mosques emerged in the mid-to-late Qing Dynasty, starting in Henan and spreading to nearby areas in Hebei, Shandong, and Anhui. In the early Republic of China, the New Culture Movement and the women's liberation movement helped Hui Muslims understand the ideas of promoting women's education and ending foot-binding. The number of women's mosques grew quickly, with over 100 in Henan province alone, and many more built in other provinces.
+
+During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Nanjing had two women's mosques at Hanximen and Changle Street. During the Republic of China, four more were built at Fangjia Lane, Zhuganli, Shigu Road, and Dahuifu Lane, but all of these have since been torn down. In the early Republic of China, Liuhe had three women's mosques at Houjie, Nanmenwai, and Zhuzhen. The historical buildings at Nanmenwai and Zhuzhen still stand today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mc8yle.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sbd0wj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6vja0s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1yusoa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vouy0e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/srawsx.jpg)
+
+**Liuhe Changjiang Road Mosque.**
+
+The Changjiang Road Mosque was originally called Chengqingfang, and was also known as the Liuhe North Mosque, the City Mosque, or the Da Family Mosque. It was built in 1424 (the 22nd year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty) by the Da family, who had lived in Liuhe for generations. The Changjiang Road Mosque was destroyed by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom during the Xianfeng period. It was later rebuilt through donations from the imam Liu Weiting and local elders. In 1885 (the 11th year of the Guangxu reign), Da Guangyong donated money to build a reception hall. In 1928, Wang Dashi, the widow of the wealthy merchant Wang Zuochen and aunt of the great imam Da Pusheng, donated money to build the Wuxin Pavilion on the site of the original Wangyue Tower.
+
+In 1899, the great imam Da Pusheng returned to his hometown of Liuhe from the Niujie Mosque in Beijing to serve as the imam of the Changjiang Road Mosque. It was not until 1905, when Imam Wang Kuan of Niujie went on the Hajj, that Imam Da returned to the Niujie Mosque to serve as the acting imam and lead religious affairs. Imam Da founded the Guangyi Primary School inside the Changjiang Road Mosque to promote modern education. He offered courses in Chinese and Arabic, scripture, geography, history, and mathematics, marking the first transition from traditional scripture hall teaching to modern education. In a memoir from the early 1950s, Imam Da wrote: 'I worked hard for six years. Perhaps moved by the success of Guangyi Primary School, the local Hui Muslims supported the school with great effort. Looking back, it was not easy to struggle at that time, patiently convincing stubborn traditionalists and acting courageously without being accused of going against the faith!'
+
+After 1966, the Changjiang Road Mosque was occupied by a theater troupe and a cultural troupe. It was returned and reopened in 1983.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gbsja4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tnrgpp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l520r4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eha3wr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m0opit.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ajq7tc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1i976o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y9b6mi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/esuk07.jpg)
+
+Existing stone tablets at the Liuhe Changjiang Road Mosque:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ia688d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jgkq2q.jpg)
+
+The 11th-year Guangxu tablet records Da Guangyong's donation to build the reception rooms at the Liuhe City Mosque. Da Guangyong was an 18th-generation descendant of the Baiyetang Da family, held a minor official rank, and lived to be 81.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/niuekq.jpg)
+
+The 25th-year Guangxu tablet, titled 'Record of the Renovation of the Tangyi City Mosque and the Surrounding Market Shops,' documents the specific situation of the Changjiang Road Mosque during the Guangxu period. All those who signed it were local Hui Muslims from the Da family.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cpimg3.jpg)
+
+The 17th-year Republic of China tablet, regarding Wang Dashi's donation to help repair the Wangyue Pavilion and redeem market shops, records that Dashi, the wife of the Zhuzhen elder Wang Zuochen, donated money to build the Wangyue Pavilion. Wang Zuochen was a Hui Muslim from Zhuzhen, Liuhe. He ran a grain business on North Street in Zhuzhen for decades and was very devout, never missing his prayers. However, he was suddenly kidnapped by bandits in 1925 and was never heard from again. Wang Zuochen's wife, Dashi, was also very devout and had founded the Zhuzhen Women's School. After her husband went missing, Dashi spent years asking people to help find him, but there was no result. Because Wang Zuochen had no brothers or children, Dashi donated all the family's money to the Zhuzhen Mosque and to build the Wangyue Pavilion at the Changjiang Road Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5xepbo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sznawb.jpg)
+
+Inside the mosque, there is a 350-year-old Chinese juniper (yuanbai) tree.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5vn1ys.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gk0xk0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5njuki.jpg)
+
+**Zhuzhen Mosque**
+
+Zhuzhen Mosque was originally located outside the East Bridge. It was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion and rebuilt in 1901 (the 27th year of the Guangxu reign) in Wangjia Lane in the middle of the old street. In 1968, Zhuzhen Mosque was turned into a dormitory for teachers at an agricultural middle school. It was reclaimed and reopened in 1983, and the main hall was rebuilt in 2001.
+
+In 1939, the imam of Zhuzhen Mosque, Li Shudu, formed the Hui Muslim Anti-Japanese Independent Guerrilla Battalion and served as its commander. He worked with the New Fourth Army and made significant contributions to the anti-Japanese cause.
+
+Additionally, in 1939, Hui Muslims from the 'Qiaobang' group in the Gaoyou and Lingtang areas built a mosque near Xinhua Garden on the west side of Zhuzhen. After 1966, it was converted into a Hui Muslim food processing factory.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nabl26.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mt1cbb.jpg)
+
+Zhuzhen Mosque still has a door plaque from the Qing Dynasty's Guangxu reign, inscribed with 'Built by the Zhudun Community.' Zhudun is the old name for Zhuzhen.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3s9fnp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/221ntt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ad0jz6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pxnmz8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/64pak1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0oqnzh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h65re9.jpg)
+
+Liuhe Zhuzhen Mosque houses a Qing Dynasty stone well called 'Songquan,' two pairs of drum-shaped stone bases, and a 1927 (the 16th year of the Republic of China) stele recording the will of Wang Zuochen's wife, Madam Da. Madam Da was the aunt of the great imam Da Pusheng. The inscription records that the Zhuzhen Girls' School was founded by Wang Zuochen and fellow members of the faith, who also provided all the funding. Later, Wang Zuochen was kidnapped by bandits and remained missing for several years. Because of this, his wife, Madam Da, decided to donate all their family farmland and property, except for a portion used for her own support. The funds were mainly for the daily expenses of the Zhuzhen Girls' School, with the remainder going to Zhuzhen Mosque. The inscription mentions her 'nephew Da Pusheng.'
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ytwp8t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ergfpg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/om25sl.jpg)
+
+Across from Zhuzhen Mosque, there is a shop selling small-mill sesame oil (xiaomo mayou), and there are only hand-pulled noodle (lamian) shops in town.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zsx5rt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hbewr1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5lriii.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oxvt8n.jpg)
+
+**Zhuzhen Girls' School**
+
+Zhuzhen Girls' School features typical Jianghuai architectural style. The entrance hall and the main hall form a small courtyard, and both sides have classic Hui-style horse-head walls (matouqiang).
+
+Zhuzhen Girls' School was founded in 1921 by Wang Zuochen, the uncle-in-law of the great imam Da Pusheng, along with fellow members of the faith in Zhuzhen. It was originally located on Zhuzhen Middle Street and was rebuilt in 1931 by Wu Tieqian and others along the south riverbank outside the East Bridge. After 1966, the Zhuzhen Girls' School was occupied by the Hui Muslim food processing factory. It was renovated in 2007 and is currently not open to the public. During the Republic of China era, the Zhuzhen Girls' School was led by two female imams, Teacher Dai and Teacher Bai, who taught scriptures and religious doctrines to local Hui Muslim women.
+
+Wu Tieqian was a famous Hui Muslim anti-Japanese patriotic businessman. His original name was Wu Jiashan. At age 22, he inherited his father's business and ran the Wudeyuan Grain Store. After 1938, when the New Fourth Army entered Zhuzhen to lead the anti-Japanese resistance, Wu Tieqian took the lead in donating grain, money, and guns. He also served as the chairman of the Zhuzhen Merchants' Anti-Enemy Association. In 1942, Wu Tieqian became the first mayor of the Zhuzhen Anti-Japanese Democratic Government. He took risks to rescue and protect many comrades and also mobilized ambitious young people to join the revolution. After the founding of New China, Wu Tieqian was elected as the vice director of the Nanjing Islamic Association. He passed away (guizhen) in 1967.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qx3qh4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a05bd0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z98rdh.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangsu___25_Historic_Mosques__Part_5.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangsu___25_Historic_Mosques__Part_5.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16082ebd4ae6d1ea315e4248b08e28f4edd2f54d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangsu___25_Historic_Mosques__Part_5.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Jiangsu - 25 Historic Mosques, Part 5"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2575"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2575"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:07Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "ab1f867fd89513e00983d37f16665557f523cb1b3739c058e6151b83a45c6a17"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Jiangsu - 25 Historic Mosques, Part 5
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** The fifth Jiangsu mosque entry is a short photo record in a larger series on the province's historic Hui Muslim mosque heritage. It preserves the original image order while keeping the focus on Jiangsu mosque sites, community memory, and remaining architectural traces.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wapbu4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5mv2b7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/35hvpc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ti2jx6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7oopsh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mndi2l.jpg)
+
+Next to the mosque is a square that introduces famous Hui Muslims from Liuhe.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9jgnvy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bqtj9h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/45oufe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9q4r2k.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangyou__Sichuan___Zhongba_Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_History.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangyou__Sichuan___Zhongba_Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_History.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8fd798e9e50de2b4ea20771a09566ae857488975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jiangyou__Sichuan___Zhongba_Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Jiangyou, Sichuan — Zhongba Mosque and Hui Muslim History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2481"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2481"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:46Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "2853719fb8dd09a63ab846fcb527eef3f8ecf609d37aabb073c3c2f291c0a29c"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Jiangyou, Sichuan — Zhongba Mosque and Hui Muslim History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Zhongba Mosque in Jiangyou, Sichuan, is tied to local Hui Muslim history, architecture, and community life. This visit keeps the original mosque details, photos, place names, and historical context from the Chinese source.
+
+On January 25, I took a high-speed train from Deyang, Sichuan, in the morning. It took just over half an hour to reach Jiangyou Station. Then, I took a three-wheeled taxi (sanbengzi) to Zhongba Mosque. There is a beef restaurant in the alley next to the mosque where you can eat authentic Jiangyou-style Sichuan stir-fry. I ordered steamed beef with rice flour (fenzheng niurou) and mapo tofu. The rice had corn mixed in. I prefer ordering dishes in small restaurants over eating hot pot. Everything I order here goes perfectly with rice. The restaurant also sells fruit-flavored beef jerky and spicy beef jerky, which are specialties of the Hui Muslims in Sichuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dhvcd6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9etd6n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dfwqnl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sqkrly.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wt93he.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wfkvff.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gp43tg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5krw0x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/41qg61.jpg)
+
+The area outside the mosque is full of beef and braised meat shops. With the Spring Festival approaching, it is the time to buy various cured meats, pressed duck (banya), pressed goose (bane), and beef sausages. Sichuan people love eating these in winter.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mjb8i3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4diimn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o8pyw8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/efj4l1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iw1ll1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ba5q07.jpg)
+
+Zhongba Mosque is located outside the North Gate of Zhongba in Jiangyou, Sichuan. During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, this was a distribution center for medicinal herbs and mountain goods in the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu region. It was also an important passage connecting the Songmao area to the Chengdu Plain, once serving as a busy market with many pharmacies and inns. Zhongba Mosque was reportedly built in 1861 (the 11th year of the Xianfeng reign). In 1884 (the 10th year of the Guangxu reign), Ma Dingyuan, the owner of the Dingliyuan Tea House, and others donated funds to expand it into its current appearance.
+
+In 1935, the mosque's imam, Xiao Fuzhen, joined the Red Army. He worked among Hui Muslims in places like Maoxian, Dajin, and Jinchuan in Sichuan. He led the formation of a Red Army Hui independent company made up of Sichuan Hui Muslims. In 1936, he went north with the Red Army and died heroically while fighting the enemy in Ma'erkang.
+
+In 1944, Imam Hui Tianxiang from Lueyang, Shaanxi, became the head of Zhongba Mosque. He promoted the Yihewani movement of "respecting the scriptures and reforming customs," making Zhongba Mosque one of only two Yihewani mosques in Sichuan province (the other is on Shanghe Street in Guangyuan).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5i61qy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sbgxj5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ynntaw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1eveno.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/03u41x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iv73r0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qz5jgv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ok8o36.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8xun35.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e5nz20.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pirvdz.jpg)
+
+Qing Dynasty plaques inside Zhongba Mosque:
+
+**The Essence of the Two and Five**
+
+**Respectfully presented by the religious community of Pingyi**
+
+**An auspicious day in the first ten days of the second lunar month, the 11th year of the Guangxu reign**
+
+**Pingyi here likely refers to Pingwu County in Mianyang, Sichuan.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m2cmzb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a3ml5y.jpg)
+
+**Vast, Subtle, and Refined**
+
+**An auspicious day in the first ten days of the sixth lunar month, the 10th year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing Dynasty**
+
+**Ma Wenmeng, a Jinshi degree holder from the Jiwei year, appointed member of the Hanlin Academy, and former magistrate of Fengyang Prefecture, Anhui**
+
+**Xu Cheng'ao, a hereditary second-class earl, commander of the provincial ten-battalion elite troops, and director of the Changsheng Army camp**
+
+**Ma Zhonglong, an official with the third-rank title and peacock feather, former magistrate of Zhenfeng Prefecture, Guizhou, and current magistrate of Tongren Prefecture**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ngitsz.jpg)
+
+**Pure, Truthful, Elegant, and Correct**
+
+**An auspicious day in the first ten days of the sixth lunar month, the 10th year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing Dynasty**
+
+**Respectfully inscribed by the scholar Lianquan Jushi Rouchizi after ritual cleansing**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/899qhs.jpg)
+
+**Vast and boundless.**
+
+**Presented by the religious leaders (jiaomu) of Huajie Town in Anyi.**
+
+**Erected in the second month of the eleventh year of the Guangxu reign.**
+
+**Anyi here likely refers to the present-day Anzhou District of Mianyang, Sichuan.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/586d5a.jpg)
+
+**True spirit is lively.**
+
+**Imperial-appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Sichuan Songpan Garrison, Liyong Baturu...**
+
+**Acting Prefect of the Songpan Independent Prefecture in Sichuan, responsible for civil administration and pacifying the border tribes...**
+
+**The second month of spring in the eleventh year of the Guangxu reign.**
+
+It is estimated that the Commander-in-Chief of the Sichuan Songpan Garrison, Liyong Baturu, was Xia Yuxiu from Kunming, Yunnan. He became the Songpan Brigade General in the seventh year of the Guangxu reign, guarded Songpan for ten years, and was later promoted to Commander-in-Chief of Sichuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o8xtma.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yqjyqk.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jinan___Baba_Cave__Baba_Tomb_and_Sufi_Heritage.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jinan___Baba_Cave__Baba_Tomb_and_Sufi_Heritage.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..47a77b8187f88a9ec0b2680e895531aa26f980cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jinan___Baba_Cave__Baba_Tomb_and_Sufi_Heritage.md
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Jinan — Baba Cave, Baba Tomb and Sufi Heritage"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2216"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2216"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:48Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "7b1e348a309295732ffff4a99abf0c712667e206681b90992f64da9dbba579c1"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Jinan — Baba Cave, Baba Tomb and Sufi Heritage
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Jinan — Baba Cave, Baba Tomb and Sufi Heritage is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: On February 2, 2023, I visited the Baba Cave and Baba Tomb on Jiuding Mountain in Jinan, Shandong, a place I had wanted to see for a long time. The account keeps its focus on Jinan Muslims, Sufi Heritage, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+On February 2, 2023, I visited the Baba Cave and Baba Tomb on Jiuding Mountain in Jinan, Shandong, a place I had wanted to see for a long time. Baba is a Persian honorific that Hui Muslims use to show respect for their elders. The Baba Cave is the most important Sufi retreat in the Shandong region, and the Baba Tomb is a large cemetery for historical figures and Sufi saints, holding great significance in the history of the faith and Sufism.
+
+I took a high-speed train from Beijing to Jinan West Station in the morning. Guided by Ma Lianjun, a friend (dost) who has studied the cave and tomb for years, we first went to the home of Ma Haji in Dangjiazhuang, where we were warmly welcomed by him and his wife.
+
+We ate hot noodle soup and Shandong pancakes (dajianbing) as thin as paper at Ma Haji's house, then he drove us to Jiuding Mountain to visit the tombs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vjpkip.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1phbp8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s3q5qa.jpg)
+
+**Jiuding Mountain Baba Cave**
+
+The Baba Cave is on Jiuding Mountain in the southern suburbs of Jinan. With its layered peaks, rocky cliffs, and pine and cypress trees, it is a perfect place for quiet meditation.
+
+At the foot of the mountain, you first see a stone tablet set up by local Muslims in 2021 that welcomes fellow believers to follow in the footsteps of the saints. After the show "World Hui Muslims" aired an episode on the Jinan Baba Cave, many friends (dost) came to visit, making the cave well-known.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n0ikzi.jpg)
+
+As we climbed higher, we saw the tomb of Master Yang and several other saints. Master Yang, named X Rui and styled Fengyi, was born in 1757 and passed away in 1815. The inscription on his tomb says he left home young, went barefoot with messy hair, endured hunger and cold, and traveled the world, crossing thousands of rivers and climbing thousands of mountains. It also records that he established a "Dao Hall" on Qingfeng Mountain in Yunnan, which confirms he was a traveling Sufi.
+
+According to a Qing Dynasty tablet about rebuilding the gate near the cave, which mentions that Sa, Ma, Mao, Yang, and Zuo loved the quiet and passed away there, we can conclude that the Jiuding Mountain Baba Cave was Master Yang's place of retreat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ujs6c6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/snfbwb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j7vpca.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z97ms4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gl0lq9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hx6ayk.jpg)
+
+**1899 tablet record for rebuilding the gate**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yyhqoj.jpg)
+
+**The names Sa, Ma, Mao, Yang, and Zuo on the tablet**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7i1egg.jpg)
+
+Following the mountain path upward, we passed through a stone gate to reach the cliff where the Baba Cave is located. There are some cliff carvings on the rock face. Interestingly, the 1989 cultural heritage protection sign from the Licheng District of Jinan is also carved directly into the cliff.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sqwpe5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t3zzul.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f75cnq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yl86li.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aroepp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l6ulzl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6a1fwy.jpg)
+
+Next to the cliff carvings are some older tablets, including an official notice from the Jinan Prefecture Changqing County government dated 1889. It records that Jiuding Mountain originally had a mosque cave, saint tombs, and prayer rooms, but they were damaged because no one looked after them. The government issued the notice to tell nearby residents to stop grazing livestock on the mountain and to forbid stealing or gambling inside the cave.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i4juhf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ivsin.jpg)
+
+Many beautiful stone carvings in Chinese and Arabic are stored near the Baba Cave, and they have great historical and artistic value. Sadly, due to history, most of these stone tablets are badly damaged and broken into pieces. These precious artifacts are in urgent need of protection and repair.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yr02m9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x17zui.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x92ral.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vb5pzq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dxngyo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w4hqg0.jpg)
+
+On the cliff, there is also a "Saint's Tomb" with an inscription by Du Rongxiu. There was originally a large rock jutting out from the cliff that looked like a tomb. Later generations trimmed it to look more like a large grave from a distance, but no one is actually buried underneath it. It was built only to commemorate the Prophet Muhammad. Every year during the Mawlid, villagers come to the foot of the mountain to invite an imam to recite the Quran and prepare fried dough (youxiang).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lvzr1b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b9zw6t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/olt7q3.jpg)
+
+In the area where the stone carvings are kept, you can also see a carving with an inscription by Du Rongxiu for the Baba Cave.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lybuy5.jpg)
+
+The Baba Cave is a natural cliff cave. Later people rebuilt it with stone bricks, dividing the cave into inner and outer sections. The door on the right is only big enough for one person; it is said to be where the Baba performed namaz. The inside of the cave has holes connected to the mountain, which keeps it very cool in the summer. It is also dry and does not collect water, making it perfect for quiet meditation.
+
+Sufis call the basic five pillars of a Muslim the Sharia, and the higher level of practice above that is called the Path (Tariqa). Meditation (Muraqabah) is an important part of the Path. This tradition comes from the Prophet Muhammad, who spent a month every year in the Hira Cave on the Mountain of Light before receiving revelations from Allah.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/udzhp5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lfmal5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/20zwu6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wr9adv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nhqzit.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g01ltl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v7a9p8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dq7ocy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/luyeyq.jpg)
+
+Next to the Baba Cave is a stone room, which is a place for performing rituals (amal). Near the stone house, you can see some mortise and tenon joints (sunmao) on the cliffside, which are likely the remains of the house where the Baba lived while practicing his faith.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8irc43.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/48a78i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/29bsi6.jpg)
+
+After visiting the Baba Cave, we walked down the mountain. At the foot of the mountain is the Green Pine Spring (Qingsong Quan), where the Baba used to get his water. In February, the spring water is clear and does not freeze; Jinan truly lives up to its name as the City of Springs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/57gwpq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9m1vqp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k6nusu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k5r5kr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6oceof.jpg)
+
+Beside the Baba Cave on Jiuding Mountain in Jinan, there is a broken stone tablet dated to the ninth year of the Daoguang reign (1829). One of the names on the tablet is Zuo Tingrong, who is one of the five figures—Zuo, Ma, Sa, Mao, and Yang—mentioned in the 1899 'Reconstruction of the Main Gate' tablet as having practiced in the cave. In fact, except for Yang Baba, who is buried at the foot of the Baba Cave mountain, the graves of the other four Babas still exist. Mao Baba is buried in Dangjiazhuang Town, and the other three Babas are buried at Ma'anshan, south of Jinan city.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m7pcc6.jpg)
+
+**The Baba Graves at Ma'anshan.**
+
+Guided by Ma Haji and Ma Lianjun Dosti, we arrived at the Baba graves on the eastern slope of Ma'anshan, south of Jinan. There are dozens of graves of Muslim ancestors here dating back to the Yuan and Ming dynasties, including the graves of Zuo, Ma, and Sa Baba.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i55e73.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9chr9s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1vitzf.jpg)
+
+Zuo Baba's grave is at the far west end of the cemetery. The tombstone is engraved with Chinese and Arabic, as well as Xiao'erjing (Arabic script used to write Chinese), providing a wealth of information. Ma Lianjun Dosti helped write the article 'A Study of the Chinese-Arabic Tombstone of Zuo Gong's Grave in Jinan during the Daoguang Reign of the Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of the Sinicization of Islam,' published in 'World Religious Studies.' This is currently the most detailed introduction available regarding Zuo Rongting Baba.
+
+From the inscription, we know Zuo Baba's name was Tingrong, his courtesy name was Yunbo, and he was from the West Gate of Jinan. He was born in 1750 (the 15th year of the Qianlong reign) and passed away in 1829 (the 9th year of the Daoguang reign). His religious name was Ishaq. He was guided by the Sufi master Mahmud Baghdadi and became a leader for local practitioners, known far and wide for his spiritual path. Zuo Baba endured great hardships to travel to Mecca for Hajj and visited the tomb of the Prophet Muhammad in Medina. The inscription shows that Zuo Baba was a Sufi practitioner with a clear lineage, who insisted on asceticism and traveling to practice his faith. Such detailed records of a Sufi practitioner are extremely rare in the entire eastern region.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o56off.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uscvz3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1fpj20.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4zjjqd.jpg)
+
+The top stone of Zuo Baba's grave is also very unique. Its cross-section looks like an arch, and the sides are carved with exquisite Arabic calligraphy, including both traditional Chinese styles and the brick-like Bannai script derived from Kufic. However, because later generations repainted it with gold lacquer, the original calligraphy has become somewhat blurry.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v6o6th.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vuyolo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dyco2l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sf5s0w.jpg)
+
+According to the article 'Baba Graves of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties in Shandong,' Sa Baba was named Sa Tianchi. He was from ancient Xihe in Yunnan, and he lived around the end of the Yuan and the beginning of the Ming dynasties. In the oral traditions of the Sai family of Hui Muslims in Jinan, Sa Baba's experiences of seeking medicine to save the dying and heal the wounded are very consistent with Sufi practices. He often used his medical knowledge to treat people regardless of whether they were Hui or Han, and he was respected by all ethnic groups.
+
+Additionally, there is the grave of Niu Baba, a disciple of Sa Baba, in the Baba cemetery.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ic10ox.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fjyk9f.jpg)
+
+Legend says Ma Baba passed away at the end of the Ming dynasty. The 1933 issue of the Republic of China periodical 'Yuehua' (Vol. 5, No. 18) contains an article titled 'Ma'anshan Small Mosque,' which records that 'outside the gate are the graves of the three Babas: Zuo, Ma, and Ma.'
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rhfrg7.jpg)
+
+Besides this, there are many graves of Muslim ancestors from the Yuan and Ming dynasties in the Ma'anshan Baba cemetery. The articles 'Baba Graves of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties in Shandong' and 'Baba Graves of the Qing Dynasty in Shandong' provide detailed introductions.
+
+The life story of Sayyid Baba cannot be verified. Sayyid is an honorific title used to refer to the descendants of the Prophet's daughter Fatima and Imam Ali, suggesting that Sayyid Baba was likely a descendant of the Prophet.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/es1uc5.jpg)
+
+The life story of Ma Baba is also unreliable; he is one of the three Babas—Zuo, Ma, and Ma—mentioned in the 1933 'Yuehua' article.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bgb0kl.jpg)
+
+On the tombstone of Gu Mingxiu Baba, there is an inscription, half of which is buried in the soil. It shows text like '16th day of the 2nd month of the 12th year of the Wanli reign of the Great Ming,' and '8th day of the 2nd month of the 4th year of the Xianfeng reign of the Great Qing,' which are likely the dates of the original construction and the renovation.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2kwfe3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1h48eh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2bze2u.jpg)
+
+Li Baba's grave originally had a stone tablet from the Tongzhi reign of the Qing dynasty, but it no longer exists. Every year on the 24th day of the 6th lunar month, middle-aged and elderly Hui Muslim women from the outskirts of Jinan, Tai'an, and the north bank of the Yellow River go to Li Baba's grave to light incense, recite scriptures, and give charity (niatie).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f9x495.jpg)
+
+Cha Baba's life story cannot be verified; it is only known that the later tombstone says he 'passed away at the end of the Ming dynasty.'
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7k76to.jpg)
+
+The tombstone for Chen Ying Baba and his wife, surnamed Sai, reads 'Grave of Mr. Chen Ying, an official of the Honglu Mosque of the Great Ming, and his wife, Lady Sai.' Behind it is a 'Chen Zhangjiao Epitaph' erected in 1834 (the 14th year of the Daoguang reign).
+
+Chen Ying Baba holds a very high historical status among Muslims in Jinan. He was once appointed by the Emperor as the Superintendent of Religion for Shandong, and his descendants inherited the position of imam at the Jinan South Mosque (Nandasi) for over a hundred years. The existing 1495 (the eighth year of the Ming Hongzhi reign) record of the renovation of the Jinan Prefecture Licheng County Mosque states: 'During the Xuande year of Bingwu in our dynasty, there was a shortage of imams. Just then, Master Chen Ying went to the Western Regions three times as an envoy, was appointed to an official rank, and returned after retiring from office.' This means that during the Ming Xuande period (1426-1435), Chen Ying served as an official envoy to the Western Regions three times. Based on calculations, Chen Ying Baba likely lived during the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties.
+
+The Chen family was prominent during the Ming Dynasty and received rewards many times. The Jinan South Mosque currently houses a 1528 (the seventh year of the Ming Jiajing reign) stone inscription titled 'Laifu Ming,' signed by 'Chen Si, Imam of this mosque.' Chen Si was a descendant of Chen Ying Baba.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qt6g11.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wh9spg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ndy6d2.jpg)
+
+Besides Chen Ying Baba, many other imams of the Jinan South Mosque are buried in the Baba Cemetery (Baba Fen).
+
+Dang Baba was named Dang Yu, with the courtesy name Kunshan. He was from the West Gate of Jinan, born in 1703 (the forty-second year of the Kangxi reign) and passed away (returned to Allah) in 1785 (the fiftieth year of the Qianlong reign). According to a Republic of China era stele, he traveled widely and went on Hajj to Mecca many times. He discovered errors in the practice of the faith in China, sought to correct them upon his return, and was invited to serve as the imam of the South Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ezdgas.jpg)
+
+Mi Baba was named Mi Guoxiang, with the religious name Puzhong. People called him Master Mi (Mi Zhenren). He was also from the West Gate of Jinan, born in 1735 (the tenth year of the Yongzheng reign) and passed away in 1792 (the fifty-seventh year of the Qianlong reign). In front of his tomb stands a 1792 stele inscribed with 'Inheriting the Past and Ushering in the Future,' which contains very detailed records about Master Mi.
+
+Mi Baba traveled throughout the Northwest, met a teacher named Wang, and learned the 'profound principles of returning to the truth and restoring life.' Afterward, he traveled everywhere and avoided women. The stele records that he 'built a home in the bright mountains southwest of the city and lived in an ancient cave.' It is speculated that this is likely the Baba Cave on Jiuding Mountain.
+
+**It continues to write**
+
+He 'ate the morning mist in spring, drank the night dew in summer, cleansed his heart and spirit, and after decades, mastered the techniques of breathing and meditation.' This is clearly a description of Sufi asceticism. The stele uses many Taoist terms to describe the faith, calling the sages 'True Men' (Zhenren), referring to passing away as 'feathering' (yuhua), and even using Taoist immortals like Wang Ziqiao and Chisongzi as metaphors. This is a great example of exchange between different religions.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8k8j78.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2qaet0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/glrd7e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2aktw2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9o133n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jqtt30.jpg)
+
+Heifaxiang Baba became the imam of the Jinan South Mosque in 1815 (the fifteenth year of the Jiaqing reign). He presided over the renovation of the South Mosque and wrote Arabic calligraphy in the main hall, which was widely praised. Evidence suggests that He Baba was very likely the disciple of He Wushaihai, who was one of the 'Two Changs' of the Shandong scripture education system, Chang Jie Baba. Their birth and death dates also match. He Baba played an important role in inheriting and promoting the Shandong school of scripture education, and people today should attach great importance to him.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v6hwer.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l2ycea.jpg)
+
+to local Jinan people, Sufi sages who came from other places to study are also buried in the Baba Cemetery. Ma Zhaochi Baba was from Pingliang, Gansu. He was born in 1673 (the twelfth year of the Kangxi reign), passed away in 1796 (the first year of the Jiaqing reign), and lived to be 123 years old. According to the stele, his 'merits and deeds were complete, and he had achieved immortality.' This is also a way of using Taoist vocabulary to describe Sufi practice.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nd5ddz.jpg)
+
+There is a worn-out stele in the Baba Cemetery. Thanks to the sharing of a fellow believer (dosti), Teacher Ma Ming finally deciphered the content of the stele after years of research. According to the stele, the tomb owner was named Yang Zongyao, born in 1699 (the thirty-eighth year of the Kangxi reign), passed away in 1795 (the sixtieth year of the Qianlong reign), and lived to be 96 years old.
+
+Yang Zongyao Baba's mentor was 'Grand Master Ma Huajiao from Shaanxi.' He followed Grand Master Ma to travel the world and learn Sufi cultivation. The stele records that Grand Master Ma 'abandoned his great business to become a monk;' He cast aside his high position to achieve his goals. It can be seen that he was a Sufi sage. Teacher Ma Ming found in the Yongzheng edition of 'Sichuan Tongzhi' and the Republic of China era 'Songpan County Annals' that 'Qingzhang Laying Army Garrison Commander... Ma Huajiao, a Shaanxi native, appointed in the thirty-second year of Kangxi,' and the Republic of China era 'Ba County Annals' records: 'Mosque... the South Mosque was built by Ma Huajiao and Han Daxiao in the early Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty.' It can be seen that Grand Master Ma was active in the Sichuan region during the Kangxi period and donated money to build mosques while serving as an official.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w70ujg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1l9ngb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p8oxeu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aom7yr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6how8q.jpg)
+
+Buried in the Baba Cemetery is the famous Hui Muslim martial artist Ma Shengping (1849-1921) from modern Jinan history. Ma Shengping was known as 'Western Whip Ma Wu.' He was from Linqing, Shandong, practiced martial arts since childhood, and was skilled in using the pole whip (also called fishing whip). At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he joined the Boxer Rebellion and fought all the way from Shandong to Tianjin. After the movement failed, he hid his identity and lived at the South Mosque (Nandasi) in Jinan, where he spent years working as a mosque caretaker while pretending to be deaf and mute. After the Republic of China was established, Ma Shengping revealed his true identity and began teaching martial arts at a Hui Muslim boxing school in the Xiguan area of Jinan. He passed away in 1921 and was buried in the Baba Tomb at Ma'anshan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6uc7ct.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qdssm5.jpg)
+
+Some other tombstones in the Baba Tomb also feature Arabic calligraphy, but unfortunately, it is now difficult to identify who they belong to.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qln4sa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3oinp8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3m28p1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xaj3cv.jpg)
+
+Because many respected elders (baba) are buried in the Baba Tomb and many moving stories are told about them, the site holds a very high status among Jinan's Hui Muslims. They often visit the graves to light incense, recite scriptures, and perform dua. According to the 18th issue of the fifth volume of the Yuehua newspaper in 1933, Jinan's Hui Muslims would visit the graves after the wheat harvest, especially after times of disaster, to thank Allah for His grace and to remember the virtuous predecessors. To make visiting the graves easier, a mosque was built next to the Baba Tomb long ago, known as the Ma'anshan Small Mosque.
+
+The Yuehua magazine provides a detailed record of the Ma'anshan Mosque: There are three baba tombs on the mountain. Visitors use this place as a resting spot and a place to invite an imam to recite scriptures and prepare food, which is why the mosque was built. The mosque sits at the eastern foot of the mountain, and right outside the gate are the tombs of the three babas: Zuo, Ma, and Ma. The north building in the courtyard has five rooms. The middle three serve as the prayer hall, the single room on the east is the imam's living quarters, and the west room is the kitchen. There is also a south shed that serves as the living quarters for the mosque caretaker. The mountain only has ten mu of land to support the mosque. The mosque's imam is Ding Kaoshan, a Jinan local. He usually stays at the South Mosque and only comes here when people visit the graves. There are no regular prayers held here, so it functions like a local travel mosque.
+
+Due to history, the Ma'anshan mosque (masjid) has collapsed, but the original foundation and building structure are still visible, with many bricks and tiles scattered around the site. A while ago, some friends (dosti) found half a stone tablet at the site. You can see the name Zuo Junzhenquan and the words kitchen room. The names of those who respectfully erected it include Ma Yusheng, Zhu Chunshou, Zuo Entang, Zhang Jinxing, and Zuo Junying. For hundreds of years, this mosque was an important part of the Baba Tomb complex. Just like the mosques at the tombs of Puhading, Wanggesu, and the Langzhong Baba, it is highly valued by friends (dosti) and holds significant cultural meaning. Seeing it in such a ruined state today is heartbreaking.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tlrj38.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y6usfg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mmerjl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4v1d04.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gk38u0.jpg)
+
+According to Lei Guangjing's article on the general situation of Islam in Jinan, Hui Muslims in the past placed great importance on the Baba Tomb and deeply respected the babas, calling them elders (laorenjia). Every spring when the flowers bloom, people would visit the graves in an endless stream, invite an imam to recite scriptures, and prepare fried dough (youxiang) to distribute to friends (dosti). Between the 1960s and 1970s, the Baba Tomb was damaged, but it was preserved thanks to the protection of the Muslim community (mumin). In 1982, Jinan's Hui Muslims held an unprecedented grave-visiting event with hundreds of people attending. Everyone brought boilers and food boxes, and they invited an imam to recite scriptures in memory of the predecessors.
+
+With the rapid development of modern society, the inheritance of religious traditions everywhere has faced varying degrees of impact. The tradition of Jinan's Hui Muslims visiting the Baba graves is also gradually fading. Religious scholars argue that visiting graves for the purpose of reflection is a commendable act. By remembering our predecessors, we can reflect on the meaning of life, examine our own mistakes, and encourage ourselves to do more good deeds. It is a positive activity. At the same time, gathering in the cemetery to recite scriptures and distribute fried dough (youxiang) is a chance for young people to get closer to their faith. Amidst our busy work, we need such traditions to act as a bond for our faith and keep everyone united.
+
+I am very grateful that friends (dostani) like Ma Lianjun and Ma Haji have cared for the Baba Cave and Baba Tomb for many years. When they learned I wanted to visit, they gave me a lot of help, and I truly experienced the hospitality of the people of Shandong. Let me share the delicious food I ate at Ma Haji's house. The homemade soy sauce beef was not too salty and tasted just right. This was my first time eating Shandong big pot bread (daguobing), which was as thick as a brick. It was really interesting.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/znzzpl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g3yxoa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qc3j6w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i37qfv.jpg)
+
+I ate two styles of fried dough (youxiang) at Haji Ma's house, one from Linxia, Gansu, and one from Jinan, Shandong. You can compare them for yourselves. When I left, Haji Ma gave me some Jinan-style fried dough (youxiang) as a sign of the friendship between us friends (dosti).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dpi4so.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a8b7y0.jpg)
+
+Finally, I welcome all friends (dostani) to visit Baba Cave and Baba Tomb. If you want to learn more, you can join the WeChat group below.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4ykj6c.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jingpeng_Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_History.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Jingpeng_Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_History.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Jingpeng Mosque and Hui Muslim History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2524"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2524"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:54Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "ebae84e34a289856de1f7bc30c28167f0e793df75fa524acddc33672b5f1c30a"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Jingpeng Mosque and Hui Muslim History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Jingpeng Town in Hexigten Banner, Chifeng, is shown through its century-old mosque, local Hui Muslim history, and travel route from the grassland. This account keeps the mosque details, town history, food notes, and photographs in order.
+
+Driving east from the Gonde Grassland, we reached Jingpeng Town, the capital of Hexigten Banner in Chifeng City, in 45 minutes. We performed the afternoon prayer (namaz) at Jingpeng Mosque. The imam there is from Pingliang, Gansu, and belongs to the same Shaanxi school of thought as my wife's family, so we had a great conversation. The imam comes from four generations of imams and has a high level of religious learning (erlin). He taught in Hohhot for a long time before coming to Jingpeng.
+
+During the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty, Jingpeng Town became a trade hub on the grassland, located on the main road between Mongolia and the Northeast. During the lama temple fairs, merchants from inland China brought cotton cloth, sugar, and tea to trade with the Mongols for furs, livestock, and local products. In 1723 (the second year of the Yongzheng reign), severe droughts in Shandong and Hebei forced disaster victims to head north of the Great Wall to make a living. To solve the problem of displaced people, the Qing government implemented a policy of borrowing land to support the people in the southeastern Mongolian grasslands, including Hexigten Banner. During the Qianlong reign, Hui Muslims from Yangxin and Guan counties in Shandong, and Cangzhou and Hejian in Hebei, traveled through Chifeng and Duolun to reach Jingpeng Town to trade on the grasslands, eventually settling down.
+
+After the 19th century, the Hui Muslims in Jingpeng included families with the surnames Feng, Cong, Ma, Bai, Li, Jin, and Ha, with a population of nearly 1,000. In 1852 (the second year of the Xianfeng reign), they officially built a mosque (masjid), which started as five mud-brick rooms. In 1902 (the 28th year of the Guangxu reign), the mosque was rebuilt with funds raised under the leadership of Imam Liu Qi, Imam Ha Zhaobin, and community elders Li Wenrong, Cong Laofeng, Ma Changtai, and Jin Fengming. Liu Qi and Ha Zhaobin traveled inside the Great Wall three times to raise funds. It took four years, and the current building was completed in 1908 (the 34th year of the Guangxu reign). It was named a key cultural relic protection site of Hexigten Banner in 1992.
+
+The north and south lecture halls and the main prayer hall of Jingpeng Mosque are Qing Dynasty structures. The main hall consists of a porch, the main hall, and a rear chamber (yaodian), with a moon-sighting tower (wangyuelou) on top of the rear chamber. The moon-sighting tower was demolished in 1967 and rebuilt after 1981.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q5dnk5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lp37nn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/etlz1d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b6wdsg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/86vxch.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yoafde.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x43ciw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ezy5h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/js96jt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z6sj3g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ci5rqp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0kx5t3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yu5926.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/30fqgd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/74nltq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cndy1a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3oj8rr.jpg)
+
+Historically, the Hui Muslims of Jingpeng Town lived in single-story houses in the old town on the west side of the river, clustered around the mosque. However, after urban renewal in recent years, they have all moved to apartment buildings on the east side of the river. Today, you can see many restaurants and shops run by Hui Muslims in the new urban area on the east side of the river.
+
+During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China era, Jingpeng grew into one of the four major trading hubs beyond the Great Wall, alongside Zhangjiakou, Duolun, and Kulun (Ulaanbaatar). According to the elders, Hui Muslims in Jingpeng originally made a living by gathering firewood, cutting grass, and making charcoal, only starting stalls or shops after they had saved enough money.
+
+At that time, many Hui Muslims in Jingpeng worked as Mongolian traders and horse brokers (maqiao). Mongolian traders were commonly known as 'grassland runners.' They used ox carts and camels to deliver sugar, tea, cotton cloth, and matches to the yurts of Mongolian herders, then transported local products like furs and dairy products back to places like Duolun, Chifeng, and Zhangjiakou. In the early Republic of China, there were over 20 Hui Muslim families in Jingpeng working as Mongolian traders, with 6 Hui Muslim camel caravans owning more than 300 camels.
+
+Horse brokers (maqiao) handled horse trading. During the Republic of China era, all horse brokers in Jingpeng Town were Hui Muslims, and many inherited the business from their ancestors. The horse market was located at the base of the street lamps in the old Jingpeng street. Every autumn and winter, herders from Xilingol, Ujimqin, and Abaga would drive their horses there to sell. Hui Muslims would buy the horses, train them for a period, and then drive them to Beijing, Tianjin, and Shandong to sell. Because of this, Jingpeng Hui Muslims were skilled at training horses, and the pacing horses they trained were very popular with local wealthy merchants.
+
+In the past, most of the people driving horse-drawn carriages in Jingpeng Town were also Hui Muslims. The trip from Jingpeng to Duolun took ten days of sleeping in the open. The drivers had to handle all kinds of situations and use their wits and courage to escape danger if they met bandits.
+
+At its peak, one-third of the 150 shops in Jingpeng Town were run by Hui Muslims. The eight major businesses were Yuxingzhan, Tianshunxing, Xiyuxing, Detaixing, Jushunxing, Ruishengming, Heji, and Yuji. The largest was Yuxingzhan, founded by Ma Bingyu. Ma Bingyu made a living cutting grass in his early years. Later, he opened a grass shed to sell hay, and it wasn't until middle age that he opened Yuxingzhan, a grocery store that also processed rice and flour. Ma Bingyu learned business methods from Shanxi merchants, hiring Shanxi managers and mostly Shanxi workers. By the Republic of China era, Yuxingzhan had branches or warehouses in places like Great Kulun (Ulaanbaatar), Xilinhot, Chifeng, Zhangjiakou, and Beijing. Yuxingzhan had its own camel caravan. It used its own camels to transport goods in spring and autumn, and used ox carts in the various banners of Xilingol League during the summer.
+
+The Tianshunxing business owned by Hui Muslim Liu Kuishan in Jingpeng mainly sold daily groceries and pastries, and also processed grain. It was a very powerful business in Jingpeng. Besides the pastry and grocery shop, Tianshunxing also ran the Xingshun Hotel on Dazhong Street in Jingpeng. Tianshunxing's camel caravan transported goods for other shops to carrying their own. Tianshunxing's ranch had over a thousand sheep and more than two hundred cows. They originally ran a camel farm too, but the Soviet army drove all the camels away in the summer of 1945.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ugli5x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5hrxdv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rxri9o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g5msed.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ay0plt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/solmep.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gttljo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aholpx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c2j471.jpg)
+
+In the evening, we had dinner at the Coarse Grain Steamed Dumpling (culiang zhengjiao) restaurant in Jingpeng Town. They own three shops in a row: a clay pot small pie shop, a hot pot shop (doulao xianyang huoguo), and the coarse grain steamed dumpling shop. The coarse grain steamed dumpling shop has quite a few private rooms, but not many open tables. Their menu is very rich. We ordered half an organic rooster, pressure-cooked beef with golden hook beans (huangjingou), steamed oat noodles (youmian) with diced meat, mushrooms, and vegetables in a steam pot, and lamb and bracken steamed dumplings. Their portions are huge. Four of us could not finish three dishes and two staples. Two dishes and one staple should be enough.
+
+The rooster was delicious and the meat had a good chew; it probably wasn't farm-raised. Golden hook beans (huangjingou) are high-end beans from Northeast China, usually stewed with beef. They make them with a sweet and salty flavor. The steamed oat noodles with diced meat and mushrooms were my favorite. It is like a version of 'topped noodles' from the northern frontier. The dough of the oat steamed dumplings doesn't taste as good as white flour, but it is a way to experience what people in the northern frontier ate when they didn't have white flour. They also have black rice flour, buckwheat flour, and corn flour wrappers, offering a wide variety. Bracken is common in the mountains, but this was my first time eating it in a dumpling. It tasted pretty good.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mhb6kb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/he63bk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8agc4m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wcmmlu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j9h9lo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gqiu2l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/887h45.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kwfvk0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p9k4vg.jpg)
+
+I woke up early and rode a shared electric scooter around Jingpeng Town. The streets were clean and not crowded. After riding around, I found that the Hui Muslim breakfast spot is the Yishunzhai Lamb Soup Restaurant. We ordered lamb offal soup, boiled lamb, lamb wontons, and plain lamb head with sesame flatbread (shaobing). The lamb offal soup (yangza tang) came in a very generous portion. They served a huge plate of shredded lamb head meat that the four of us could not even finish. I thought the wontons (huntun) were the best part; the broth was very savory. The sesame flatbread (shaobing) was softer and fluffier than the kind in Beijing, and I really enjoyed the texture.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bavtto.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9o0fug.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sv1gea.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ro3bg6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s0y58h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uzm001.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mb0scu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/isq5n1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w9bcp7.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Kaiyuan__Yunnan___Dazhuang_Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_Heritage.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Kaiyuan__Yunnan___Dazhuang_Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_Heritage.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a4cad263ee1ff25b3c303eae31fc9688be35f50
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+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Kaiyuan__Yunnan___Dazhuang_Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_Heritage.md
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Kaiyuan, Yunnan — Dazhuang Mosque and Hui Muslim Heritage"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1981"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1981"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:48Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "1a7a43f45bcddcdbc148932ea2d7f4f26c82cbbdbc5153a93b62ab4b7a47564b"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Kaiyuan, Yunnan — Dazhuang Mosque and Hui Muslim Heritage
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Kaiyuan, Yunnan — Dazhuang Mosque and Hui Muslim Heritage is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Author: Zainab. The account keeps its focus on Kaiyuan Mosque, Yunnan Travel, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+Author: Zainab
+
+I traveled from Shadian to Dazhuang in Kaiyuan to visit the Dazhuang Mosque, which is famous for being the best mosque in the region.
+
+The Dazhuang Mosque moved to its current site and was rebuilt in 1812, then expanded during the Daoguang period (1821-1850).
+
+Let me first show you the archway-style gate of the mosque. When the mosque was first built, the gate faced east, but the Kaiyuan county magistrate at the time said the view was poor, so it was changed to face south.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qxg8z4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u57wj6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kyglg3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p3uyfn.jpg)
+
+The main gate features bracket sets (dougong) and upturned eaves with intricate cloud, dragon, and bird carvings. A pair of mythical creatures (qilin) stand in front, which is very rare for a mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zazbaw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k6x3ci.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/coy31a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t9qa76.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qk6qj6.jpg)
+
+The mosque's Xingmeng Tower has a triple-eaved, hexagonal pointed roof topped with a glazed vase. It stands on 18 pillars and looks very grand and solid.
+
+The Xingmeng Tower features a plaque that reads 'The Mosque Covers the World,' and I really like the couplet on both sides of the door:
+
+**A tall building rises from the flat ground, reaching straight to the nine heavens.**
+
+**Precious teachings echo in the sky, waking the lost souls of the city.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yg5ceb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e6l11y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i7kjti.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3zkx1j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hmox7d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9wxdgx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t2zxbj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e2448w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q0jil9.jpg)
+
+The main hall of the mosque features a single-eave hip-and-gable roof with bracket sets and upturned eaves. The front eave is deep, serving as a porch, and the architraves and brackets are decorated with intricate openwork carvings and paintings. The openwork carving on the 24 lattice doors of the main hall is considered the finest among traditional mosque architecture in Yunnan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6ews2n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zylvcy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g6uckb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/84qwau.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uuvtim.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k8zq2j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/13l2c4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7pdavl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i4v4ss.jpg)
+
+The main hall displays several plaques: one reading 'Yu Mu Bu Yi' presented in 1823 by Xu Yaozong, the commander of the Linyuan Chengjiang garrison; one reading 'Hua Yu Wan Wu' presented in 1844 by Ma Dingbang, the top-ranked military scholar of the imperial examinations; and one reading 'Wu Wei Bu Zhao' presented in 1885 by Ma Weiqi, a commander of the Suiyuan Left Battalion. There are also couplets presented by Xu Yaozong.
+
+Ma Weiqi was the son of Ma Dingbang and a local from Dazhuang, Kaiyuan. A scholar-general of the late Qing Dynasty, he joined the army with his father at age 14. In 1883, he went to Vietnam to fight in the Sino-French War, where he led his own front and defeated the French army multiple times. Later, he served as the commander-in-chief in Sichuan for eight years.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yk9ljk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v5fbel.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qc1ots.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2xye73.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5qvzr9.jpg)
+
+Inside the mosque is a traditional-style mihrab prayer niche. Next to it is a unique scripture pavilion (cangjingting), which features a couplet written by Ma Chuqing, a successful candidate in the imperial examinations during the Dingyou year of the Qing dynasty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gy2jvo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sny03y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yvqc26.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/72wcdb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/joe7l1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oulbht.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/727ciw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q6zul0.jpg)
+
+Beside the mosque is the Longquan Academy (Longquan Shuyuan), founded by Ma Weiqi in 1891. He once bought thousands of books and donated money to support education. In 1943, with the support of Kunming Mingde Middle School, the Dazhuang Branch of Kunming Mingde Middle School was established on the original site of the Longquan Academy. It is now the Dazhuang Mingde Middle School Exhibition Hall, but unfortunately, it was closed when I visited.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/emwr21.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/94zwfl.jpg)
+
+The original site of the Dazhuang Women's Mosque in Kaiyuan was the Dazhuang Old Mosque, first built during the Wanli period of the Ming dynasty. It was renamed the Old Mosque after the new mosque was built in Dazhuang in 1812. After the 20th century, several female teachers (shimu) were invited from Hexi and Najiaying in Yuxi to teach Islamic knowledge to young women at the Old Mosque. In the early 1930s, the Yude Girls' Chinese-Arabic School opened here, training many women with deep knowledge of the faith. The women's mosque was torn down in 1958. The current building is a reconstruction, and the only original items left are a pair of Qing dynasty drum-shaped stone door bases.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mpb2m5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/258m4y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e0aixw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a4amc3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l01sd9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/poe43p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cetcyf.jpg)
+
+What shocked me most about Dazhuang Village in Kaiyuan was that almost every home had a Hajj plaque hanging by the door. It was my first time seeing so many Hajis in one village.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oghj65.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m1nryp.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Kunming___Muslim_Food__Mosques_and_Imam_Ma_Cong.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Kunming___Muslim_Food__Mosques_and_Imam_Ma_Cong.md
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+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Kunming___Muslim_Food__Mosques_and_Imam_Ma_Cong.md
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Kunming — Muslim Food, Mosques and Imam Ma Cong"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1994"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1994"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:48Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "761b7843be3dffa5116d16cd794aa0364f45cc1c28772ede740337414b907250"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Kunming — Muslim Food, Mosques and Imam Ma Cong
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Kunming — Muslim Food, Mosques and Imam Ma Cong is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: I came to Yunnan for my honeymoon in August 2020. I visited Dali, Zhaotong, and Xundian, and stopped over in Kunming three times. The account keeps its focus on Kunming Travel, Halal Food, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+I came to Yunnan for my honeymoon in August 2020. I visited Dali, Zhaotong, and Xundian, and stopped over in Kunming three times. During those trips, I ate some delicious food, saw beautiful calligraphy, and met some wonderful friends. I will share my experiences with you below.
+
+**August 3rd**
+
+I flew from Sanya to Kunming in the afternoon. After landing, I went straight to Shuncheng Halal Street to eat papaya jelly noodles (mugua liangxia), a mix of thick and thin pea starch noodles (wandoufen), rose oatmeal porridge, and fried rice with dried beef and bitter greens (niu ganba kucai chaofan).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rtel4t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pcncv2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ioznwa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lov7ac.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ww2a9j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g1vb7h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c2fcax.jpg)
+
+In the evening, I ate Jianshui grilled tofu (jianshui shaodoufu) on Shuncheng Street.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qvzv7f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3j2z23.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yuo7bd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i9ggno.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i0ckpm.jpg)
+
+**August 6th**
+
+I transferred in Kunming on my way back from Dali. That night, I ate at a halal Dai-style restaurant called Jibianshishe. It was packed with people, mostly large families of Hui Muslims who came to eat Dai-style hand-grabbed rice (shouzhua fan). The large portion of hand-grabbed rice looked very tempting, but Zaynab and I could only order the small portion. I also had some iced bread dessert (paoluda) and tamarind juice.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9rqard.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5qjtil.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p4i2ox.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qehpo6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tj87br.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t3p266.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kolpu7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tngp1m.jpg)
+
+**August 7**
+
+I got ready to leave Kunming for Xundian in the morning. I stopped at Shuncheng Street in Kunming to eat fried dough (youxiang), flaky buns with perilla seeds (suzi posubao), and beef rice noodles (dasu niurou mixian). The shop lets you add your own toppings to the noodles, so I added extra mint and pickled vegetables, which tasted great.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7gr0bg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tspgqe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n7go7f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uuczki.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5i8ecw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w93ov8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hiq17n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u0crfx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8pu3ul.jpg)
+
+**Behind the Shuncheng Mosque in the morning**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tobtoz.jpg)
+
+**August 8**
+
+I returned to Kunming from Xundian in the afternoon. After praying at the Yongning Mosque, I took photos of the beautifully preserved traditional Yunnan-style Arabic calligraphy on the mihrab inside the main hall. The imam saw me taking pictures and started chatting with me. It turned out to be Imam Ma Cong, a friend I had known online. Imam Ma Cong is a talented young Arabic calligrapher. He studied under the famous master Mi Guangjiang. Besides his skill in Yunnan-style Arabic calligraphy, he writes other styles very well and is great at combining calligraphy with painting.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7drpfr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4gccax.jpg)
+
+Imam Ma Cong showed me his various calligraphy works and gave me a piece in the classic Yunnan style before I left.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3lcj0g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/29xlm1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fjgs2v.jpg)
+
+Afterward, Imam Ma took us to the Jinniu Street Mosque in Kunming. Besides Yongning Mosque, this is the only other mosque that preserves a traditional Yunnan-style Arabic calligraphy mihrab.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uy0n83.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ulc6t1.jpg)
+
+Jinniu Street Mosque was originally the only historic mosque building in downtown Kunming. It was rebuilt in 1889 and renovated twice, in 1943 and the 1980s, and is now a district-level cultural heritage site. Unfortunately, it was demolished in 2016 and rebuilt into the current structure in 2019. The original building featured a beautiful Yunnan-style Arabic calligraphy mihrab, a plaque titled 'The Way Spread from the West' (Dao Zi Xi Chuan) written and erected by Zhang Fengming, a deputy general of the Yunnan-Guizhou military in 1895, and a 'Sincerity' (Jingcheng) plaque written by Li Zhun in 1929, based on text by Yang Wensong from Dali.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/00ltbd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5074v4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/elda9z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mvyl9e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oib1ce.jpg)
+
+After visiting the mosque, Imam Ma treated us to cold rice noodles (liang mixian) at a stall by the entrance. We had one bowl of rolled rice noodles (juanfen) and one bowl of rice noodles (mixian), and they tasted amazing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0nalq6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gy53jp.jpg)
+
+In the afternoon, under the guidance of Imam Ma Cong, we went to the Huiying Mosque in Chenggong in the southern suburbs. Although this mosque has been renovated, it still preserves a very beautiful traditional Yunnan-style Arabic mihrab. The calligraphy itself is so masterful that it left me completely stunned.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ohxb65.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fsu5pf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hlvpe3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e8t06h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k1kqro.jpg)
+
+I arrived at the mosque just in time for a wedding feast, and it was very lively.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/17ssrj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cdpxu3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3osl5l.jpg)
+
+There is a very hidden halal market in the Hui Muslim camp of Chenggong.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y8i0ms.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2xqlpy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0v8mzw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nm9lpe.jpg)
+
+I went back to Shuncheng Street in the evening to eat roasted potatoes (kao yangyu) and roasted eggs (kao jidan), and the way they pair different dipping sauces (zhanshui) is truly an art.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/emlaa0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q8lcfn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/brclkl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s8dhn8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y57xf0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2gougf.jpg)
+
+**August 9**
+
+I caught a flight from Kunming to Zhaotong in the morning, had a grilled rice cake (yingfeng shao erkua) near my accommodation, and then went to the food court at the entrance of the Jinniu Street Mosque to eat a stuffed bean flour rice ball (baoxin doumian tangyuan), where you can drink as much rice soup as you like.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nzvmhu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gs3frn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5pqef5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ulsdd3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v17jrg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zeu1v3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/79kfib.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Liaocheng___Dongguan_Mosque_Streets_and_Hui_Muslim_Life.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Liaocheng___Dongguan_Mosque_Streets_and_Hui_Muslim_Life.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5171759cdca246d0b04a42d5fc2d55d1dd25e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Liaocheng___Dongguan_Mosque_Streets_and_Hui_Muslim_Life.md
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Liaocheng - Dongguan Mosque Streets and Hui Muslim Life"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2379"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2379"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:29Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "f6fd0695a431def4c6328a08d7fa80903ed01afd50493f99b7c23633bc02828c"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Liaocheng - Dongguan Mosque Streets and Hui Muslim Life
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Halal Travel Guide: Liaocheng - Dongguan Mosque Streets and Hui Muslim Life is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear, natural English. The account focuses on Liaocheng, Mosque Streets, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, photos, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+I left Beijing Railway Station in the morning and arrived in Liaocheng, Shandong, at noon, visiting the Dongguan Hui Muslim community for the first time in seven years. My 2017 records are in the article "Halal Travel Review: Shandong Liaocheng in 2017."
+
+Liaocheng became a major canal town after the Huitong River was dug in 1289 (the 26th year of the Zhiyuan era of the Yuan Dynasty). Dongguan, which connects the city to the canal, quickly became a busy commercial area where Hui Muslims kept moving in to settle. After the Yongle Emperor moved the capital to Beijing in 1420 (the 18th year of the Yongle era of the Ming Dynasty), he relied heavily on the Grand Canal to transport grain from the south to the north, and the Dongguan Hui Muslim community in Liaocheng was officially formed.
+
+Liaocheng Dongguan has two mosques, one in the east and one in the west. The west mosque is commonly known as the Great Mosque (Da Libaisi) and was first built in 1385 (the 17th year of the Hongwu era). It was renovated twice during the Jiajing and Kangxi eras. The main hall of the west mosque originally had 81 rooms with beams made of golden-thread nanmu wood. It was grand and impressive, comparable to those in Jining and Linqing.
+
+In the winter of 1946, when the People's Liberation Army attacked Liaocheng, the west mosque served as the command post for Commander Yang Yong, who was leading the Southwest Shandong Campaign. The People's Liberation Army used the mosque's minaret (bangkelou) as a lookout point to fire at the Nationalist troops inside the city. Because the city walls of Liaocheng were high and thick and the moat was wide and deep, the People's Liberation Army found it hard to attack. The Nationalist army instead came out of the city and set fires, which eventually burned down the main hall of the West Mosque. In 1956, General Yang Yong kept his promise and provided funds to rebuild the main hall of the West Mosque. The main hall was rebuilt again in 2009, and the front gate, second gate, and north and south lecture halls still keep their original designs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0oj0bm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pr08ko.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/renn6o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4oxxxu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9s062y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/inyjfr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ptyy31.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mu6g7g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bmbs5e.jpg)
+
+The East Mosque is also called the Small Mosque (Xiao Libai Si). It was built during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty under the direction of Bai Lin, the garrison commander of Dongchang Prefecture. It was renovated many times during the Jiaqing, Xianfeng, and Guangxu periods of the Qing Dynasty. The main hall underwent a major structural repair in 2002. The north and south lecture halls and the front gate were rebuilt in 2014. In 2022, the main hall was reinforced and redecorated, which created the scale it has today.
+
+Inside the main hall of the East Mosque, there is a plaque from the 15th year of the Jiaqing reign that reads "Benefits Shared Equally" (Lize Junzhan), signed by "Disciples from Shanxi and Hebei."
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ubd8m0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bsf7ww.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/id7esv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cl09ha.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5fep9m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fa5axm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xal3n7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9kj0sj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bouhza.jpg)
+
+The "Big and Small Mosque Street District" in the East Gate of Liaocheng is one of the first historical and cultural districts in Shandong Province. It is an important historical witness to the Hui Muslim communities along the Grand Canal during the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the late Qing Dynasty, the Yellow River burst its banks many times, causing severe silting in the Liaocheng section of the Grand Canal and making grain transport increasingly difficult. In 1872, the China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company was established in Shanghai, and grain transport began moving by sea. In 1901, canal grain transport was completely abolished, and the East Gate area of Liaocheng became quiet.
+
+Today, the neighborhood around the Small Mosque (Xiao Libaisi) Street sits west of Dongchang Lake and east of Lingdang Lake, offering beautiful scenery. The homes of Hui Muslims line the stone-paved streets, still keeping the look and feel of the last century.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o11zi0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b9ot0n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3nz9fs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wqsp0q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ptur4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ispo3m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oer8yt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i49npt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/131kgf.jpg)
+
+I bought some beef jerky inside the Hui Muslim residential area on Small Mosque (Xiao Libaisi) Lane. Liaocheng beef jerky is quite interesting. It is made from local Luxi yellow cattle and roasted until very dry, giving it a crispy, snack-like texture. Then I went to Yang's at the East Gate for a mix of clear broth meatballs (qingcuan wanzi) and wontons. I really like the clear broth meatballs in Liaocheng; I had them last time I visited and wanted them again. Their morning sweet porridge (tianmo) paired with the fried dough sticks (bapi guozi) from next door is also a classic.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ebrhxn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ys8x6x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5okume.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xs9xti.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/29nqj6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vfr1jy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9yqvze.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ffe3t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gcuihs.jpg)
+
+There are several roasted snack shops in the East Gate area. Last time I bought peanuts at Jiang's Roasted Snacks, but this time I bought fish-skin peanuts at another shop called Chai's Roasted Snacks. Next, I bought some traditional Shandong pastries next door, including chestnut cakes (banli su), honey-filled horns (yangjiaomi), and honey-glazed squares (misandao). These pastries taste best when paired with strong tea.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zxquzj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4svpq5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wf5lhj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7m15cx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/60nadc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6zwi0b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o1csmv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7adpsm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7qm8tl.jpg)
+
+A view of Dongguan Street. The last two photos show the Chongwu Post Wharf (Chongwu Yi Damatou), a government dock on the Liaocheng section of the Grand Canal from the Ming and Qing dynasties. Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong both disembarked here when they stopped in Liaocheng during their southern tours.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i19f5c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rg4dz2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pwzm5p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jysikq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5ue0p5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tc3tbj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3fm92t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kirkih.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l1kqzp.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Liaoning___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_1.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Liaoning___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_1.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e73eee43dc9a0a6727494d700c3acf98ee6ae2eb
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+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Liaoning___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_1.md
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Liaoning - 12 Historic Mosques, Part 1"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2574"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2574"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:51Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "ba90e35326513f21c15a3bcab871a37653c7e5bca168124acd401abcb568cac9"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Liaoning - 12 Historic Mosques, Part 1
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This first part of the Liaoning mosque series traces historic Hui Muslim mosques, migration routes, and community life across the province. The article preserves founding dates, architectural layouts, imam and elder stories, old inscriptions, and photos of prayer halls, gates, and carved details.
+
+I am sharing 12 ancient mosque (qingzhensi) buildings I visited in Liaoning, moving in a clockwise direction.
+
+Lingyuan Mosque: First built during the Qianlong reign.
+
+Suizhong Mosque: First built in 1737, moved in 1797, and renovated in 1927.
+
+Luyang Mosque: First built in 1531 and rebuilt in 1925.
+
+Beizhen Mosque: First built in 1522 and expanded in 1617.
+
+Xinlitun Mosque: First built in 1842 and rebuilt in 1873.
+
+Xinmin Mosque: First built in 1765 and rebuilt in 1883.
+
+Shenyang South Mosque: First built in 1636, with expansions in 1662 and 1902.
+
+Shenyang East Mosque: First built in 1803 and renovated in 1935.
+
+Kaiyuan Old City Mosque: First built in 1406 and rebuilt in 1680.
+
+Fengcheng Mosque: First built in 1775 and expanded in 1890.
+
+Fuzhou Mosque: First built in 1649 and expanded in 1920.
+
+Qingdui Mosque: First built during the Daoguang reign, rebuilt in 1895, and expanded in 1920.
+
+**Lingyuan Mosque**
+
+Lingyuan sits at the border of Hebei, Liaoning, and Inner Mongolia. It was originally called Tazigou. Since the Qianlong reign, Hui Muslims from Shandong and Hebei kept traveling through the gaps in the Great Wall near Xifengkou to reach the northeast. Lingyuan was their first stop after leaving the pass, and some Hui Muslims settled there.
+
+Lingyuan Mosque was built during the Qianlong reign. According to the stone inscriptions inside, a Hui Muslim doctor named Zhang Lichen and others cured the illness of a Mongol prince from the Harqin Left Banner. The prince's mansion then provided the land and silver to build the Lingyuan Mosque.
+
+**Main gate**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a7acs4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x8l6gf.jpg)
+
+**Hanging flower gate (chuihuamen)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9kii3e.jpg)
+
+The prayer hall consists of a porch, a main hall, and a rear niche (yaodian), just like traditional northern styles, but the architectural details are very different from styles found inside the pass.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eb9olj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ghv4r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z5vy2q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5at551.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mzdlug.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kmwkss.jpg)
+
+The main hall has cracks due to years of neglect and is currently closed. Namaz is now held in a room nearby.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0ewgh4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/22ijwf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n3hra6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o6at8l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kudnh4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b58v9n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cv5ttw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0puqlm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fnu6ub.jpg)
+
+**Side rooms (xiangfang)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rgi2j3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lr6ayw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ucpybf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j467ty.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hgl2e5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ibshsx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0ucupw.jpg)
+
+**Suizhong Mosque**
+
+Suizhong is right next to Shanhai Pass and is the southwestern-most county in Liaoning. Starting in the 18th century, more than ten families of Hui Muslims, including the Zhang, Ding, Li, and Jin families, moved to Suizhong from Hebei Province. The first mosque was built in 1737 (the second year of the Qianlong reign) below the Kuixing Tower in the southeast of Suizhong city, and it was moved to its current location inside the West Gate in 1797 (the third year of the Jiaqing reign).
+
+The Suizhong mosque was renovated between 1924 and 1927, suffered severe damage in the 1960s, and was restored again between 1981 and 1984.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/et30n5.jpg)
+
+**Turn left after entering the gate to find the ablution room (shuifang).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r5klw9.jpg)
+
+**Calligraphy in the ablution room (shuifang).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/776j1h.jpg)
+
+**Opposite the main gate is the second gate.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/byu0jd.jpg)
+
+**A vase-shaped ornament on the porch roof (juanpeng).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fyndub.jpg)
+
+**Inside the second gate is the main prayer hall.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tjafmh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/deh8vr.jpg)
+
+The porch (baoxia) in front of the main prayer hall is the most distinctive part of the mosque, and it is the most brightly colored mosque porch I have ever seen.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dwvwn2.jpg)
+
+The front says "Mosque" (Qingzhensi), and the two sides are inscribed with "Rectify the Heart" (Zhengxin) and "Sincerity" (Chengyi).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/83866a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vxvzea.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/677yxb.jpg)
+
+**A plaque reading "Recognize the Oneness of Allah" (Renzhu Duyi).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/55okd1.jpg)
+
+**Details of the patterns.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b03yc8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5uljg5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/supy2u.jpg)
+
+Behind the porch (baoxia) is the main prayer hall, which features very delicate brick carvings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5z3apv.jpg)
+
+The large character for "religion" (jiao) at the bottom is new work, while the brick carvings above are likely original.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n18f43.jpg)
+
+You can take a close look at the content of the brick carvings, which include scrolls, painting tubes, incense bottles, and even a chessboard and various fruits.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pymrd6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a2ltn8.jpg)
+
+**Traditional Hui Muslim paintings on the door of the main prayer hall.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0rk7y7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mycbkj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qn6f5x.jpg)
+
+The interior of the main prayer hall was likely rearranged after the 1980s, and both the mihrab and minbar are very simple.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7yjiaa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vn0g4n.jpg)
+
+**Above the rear kiln hall (yaodian) of the main prayer hall is the moon-sighting tower (wangyuelou).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fr9m83.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0jqhel.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/831a3r.jpg)
+
+**Luyang Mosque.**
+
+Luyang Town is located east of Jinzhou, not far from Goubangzi, the home of the famous Goubangzi smoked chicken. Luyang Mosque was first built in 1531 (the tenth year of the Ming Jiajing reign), renovated during the Qing Xianfeng period, and rebuilt into its current form between 1922 and 1925. During the reconstruction, Manager Wang of the Luyang Enliyong pastry shop was in charge of construction, and he invited Yang Peiran (Yuchun), who was a brigade commander in the Northeast Army at the time, to help raise funds. People say when the two main beams for the hall were transported from the Goubangzi train station to Luyang, they were pulled by over a dozen oxen, moving step by step for more than half a month. Work stopped several times to prepare materials, and it finally took two and a half years to complete.
+
+Luyang Mosque is a rare historic mosque in China that places the moon-sighting tower (wangyuelou) directly above the main prayer hall, and you can climb up to sight the moon using a wooden ladder inside the hall. A plaque inscribed by the anti-Japanese hero General Zuo Baogui, reading 'Gu Shi Ming Ming,' originally hung in front of the main hall. Sadly, it was destroyed along with other plaques during the Cultural Revolution. The current plaque was re-inscribed in 1984.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/avkra7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nzxpmi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tr9nlr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ivvdpy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zcl6n2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rgzxhe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kfmfbl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g683tz.jpg)
+
+**Beizhen Mosque**
+
+Beizhen Mosque is located outside the Xiaonan Gate of Beizhen in Jinzhou. It was first built in 1522 (the first year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty), expanded in 1617 (the 45th year of the Wanli reign), and renovated again in 1798 (the third year of the Jiaqing reign). Historically, Beizhen Mosque was inside the south city of Guangning. When the city was renovated during the Qianlong reign, the south city was abandoned. The south city wall gradually disappeared, and later Guangning City was renamed Beizhen City, turning Beizhen Mosque from a city mosque into one located outside the city walls.
+
+Beizhen Mosque follows the traditional northern mosque structure of a porch (juanpeng), main hall, and rear hall (yaodian), but it is unique because the porch and the main hall are separate and not connected. The beams and brackets of the building feature painted floral patterns and exquisite wood carvings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2jp31d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/16zgd8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rydpfd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yfh7y0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c87lxf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cyxbdh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/48zfj2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ir9eag.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9o34uk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gl9yqj.jpg)
+
+**Plaques currently preserved at Beizhen Mosque**
+
+The Way of Heaven's Mandate: Respectfully presented to Guangning County Mosque by General Wuwei of Fei County, Shandong, Zuo Baogui, in the first year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing Dynasty (1875), during the first ten days of the twelfth lunar month. This was presented by the famous anti-Japanese general Zuo Baogui while he was passing through Beizhen on his way to fight in the war in Korea.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oefx9s.jpg)
+
+Ancient Islamic Faith: Respectfully erected by followers Yang Yuxi and Yang Yuzhen in the first ten days of the seventh lunar month in the year of Yiyin (1795) of the Qianlong reign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/75xhdr.jpg)
+
+Everlasting Golden Daylily: Presented by Xu Guangzhang, an official of Guangning County, Jinzhou Prefecture, and Bai Yongfu, a local officer, in the first ten days of the fourth lunar month in the year of Yisi (1845) of the Daoguang reign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jmx2yu.jpg)
+
+Sincere Righteous Act: The ancient mosque was renovated in the autumn of 1617 (the 45th year of the Wanli reign), respectfully presented by the Northeast Islamic Association.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0gwb91.jpg)
+
+Gratitude for Great Kindness: Respectfully erected in the first ten days of the fourth lunar month in the year of Yisi (1845) of the Daoguang reign by Jin Qiyuan, a follower and newly appointed patrol officer of Guangning County.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/402wki.jpg)
+
+Universal Mercy for All Things: Respectfully erected in the year of Yimao (1794) of the Qianlong reign by follower Yang Yuzhen and his son Jianming.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nsq5yd.jpg)
+
+Righteousness Among Peers: Mr. Zhang, whose wealth-generating name was Juxing. He was a registered resident of Beizhen. He was generous, righteous, and enthusiastic about public affairs. Whenever there was something in our faith that needed to be done or reformed, he was always the first to advocate for it and support it with all his might. Because of this, in recent years, although the affairs of our faith have not reached perfection, they have moved closer to civilization and begun to shine. When drinking water, one must think of the source; Mr. Zhang's contribution is truly worthy of praise. Unexpectedly, Heaven did not grant him a long life, and he was killed in the line of duty for the sake of the country on a certain day of a certain month. Beyond our deep grief, we feared his life's deeds would be forgotten, so we gathered together to erect a stone tablet to honor his name. We still felt a sense of regret, knowing that a tablet might not fully capture his merits. We have now carved this plaque to ensure his memory lasts for a long time and to serve as a small token of our gratitude. The Beizhen County Mosque was established by the entire congregation, on a lucky day in the middle of the twelfth lunar month in the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/60vdgq.jpg)
+
+**Xinlitun Mosque**
+
+Xinlitun is an ancient town in Jinzhou, western Liaoning, known as the 'First Town Beyond the Border'. During the Daoguang era of the Qing Dynasty, Hui Muslims from Jinzhou, Yixian, Heishan, Yingkou, and other places settled in Xinlitun and built the Xinlitun Mosque in 1842 (the 22nd year of Daoguang).
+
+On the 15th day of the first lunar month in 1873 (the 12th year of Tongzhi), Xinlitun held a stilt-walking festival. During the event, a conflict broke out between the Manchu leader Dashan (Fifth Master) and Hui Muslims including Liu Hua, Zhao Guang'en, and Wang Yao, which escalated into a clash between the Manchu and Hui communities, eventually leading to the burning of the Xinlitun Mosque. Afterward, both the Manchu and Hui communities learned from the incident and decided to rebuild the Xinlitun Mosque. After several years of preparation, General Zuo Baogui, an anti-Japanese hero and commander of the Fengtian Army, led the effort by donating 300 taels of silver to complete the reconstruction.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nm57ai.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ot5nso.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ycqc81.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qbok8m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r6ql18.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ojptek.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zjyy7g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p3zm32.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qb7f61.jpg)
+
+The main gate of the Xinlitun Mosque features two couplets: 'Transforming people and things, it can transform all; giving life to heaven and earth, it gives life to all.'
+
+**The light that gives life to heaven, earth, people, and all living things, the one Lord of all creation.**
+
+**Saints, sages, emperors, and kings all follow the one and only supreme authority.**
+
+Above the main gate, there is also a stone carving of two dragons playing with a pearl.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/apuue5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c02z8v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hxjf7v.jpg)
+
+The brick and stone carvings at the Xinlitun Mosque are very exquisite and feature various traditional patterns. The stone carvings on both sides of the main prayer hall feature inscriptions, which is very rare for an ancient mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4zzkkq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3bcis2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qq1ght.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xvec24.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qmgc0g.jpg)
+
+The traditional calligraphy at the Xinlitun Mosque includes both the 'miaohui' (tracing) style and the 'kuanbi' (broad-brush) style, both of which are very distinctive. The plaque in the center of the main prayer hall was handwritten in 1983 by Imam Bai Hexi. Imam Bai was born in 1911 in Pingquan, Hebei, and studied under the famous Great Imam Liu Pinyi from Hebei.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nvbwc4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/phnl1u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yyqme9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c4vcy0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i4a93k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jss3z4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/988gd4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qazxir.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ifqbj0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/juik1d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cuffkp.jpg)
+
+In front of the main prayer hall of the Xinlitun Mosque, there are four steles from the Guangxu era renovation, which contain detailed information about the donors. The 'Stele for the Renovation of the Xinlitun Mosque' from the 13th year of Guangxu (1887) lists not only the name of the anti-Japanese hero and Fengtian Army commander General Zuo Baogui but also the Manchu leader Dashan, who was involved in the earlier conflict, symbolizing the resolution of Manchu-Hui tensions in Xinlitun during the Guangxu era.
+
+The 'Stele of Donor Names and Silver Amounts for the Mosque Renovation' lists a number of contributing mosques that was the highest in Northeast China, showing the close connections between the various mosque communities in the region at that time.
+
+Fengtian Province: South Mosque, North Mosque, Fumin Hall South Mosque, Fumin Hall North Mosque, Huimin Tun Mosque, Banlamen Mosque, Guangning Mosque, Qinghemen Mosque, Shaohuying Mosque, Shijiagou Mosque, Huihui Tun Mosque, Yizhou City Mosque, Jinzhou Prefecture Mosque, Hongluoxian Mosque, Gaoqiao Town Mosque, Zhonghousuo Mosque, Shanhaiguan Mosque, Laogongwo Three Mosques, Tieling Mosque, Kaiyuan Mosque, Fakumen Mosque.
+
+Jilin Province: West Mosque, East Mosque, North Mosque, Manjia Tun Mosque, Yitong Prefecture Mosque, Yingchengzi Mosque, Ashiha Mosque, Wula Street Mosque, Shanqianhuai Mosque, Kaoshan Tun Mosque, Nong'an City Mosque, Taipingzhuang Mosque, Xiaohelong Mosque.
+
+Kulu Street: Public Council, Zhou Junkui, various shop guests, and the Mosque.
+
+Beyond the Northern Border: Shaodang Firm, Niuzhuang City, Haizhou City, Gaizhou City, Fuzhou City, Liaoyang City, Fenghuang City, Xiuyan, Tianzhuangtai, Shegouying, Pikou, Dengshang, Fujia Tun, Bajiaotai, Tongliu Two Forts.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9m671t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7qagbv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/012dvu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6ysg5b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6ugcq9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f2yyar.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tll220.jpg)
+
+**Xinmin Mosque**
+
+Xinmin is in the northwest part of Shenyang. In the early years of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, many new immigrants came here to farm during the migration to the northeast, which is how the name Xinmin started. During the Qianlong reign, many Hui Muslims came to Xinmin. In 1765, they built Xinmin Mosque in Nanyingzi. Xinmin Mosque burned down in 1866. It was rebuilt in 1883, which is the structure we see today.
+
+The main building of Xinmin Mosque consists of a porch (juanpeng), the main prayer hall, the rear kiln hall (yaodian), and the Moon-Watching Tower (wangyuelou) on top of the kiln hall. The Moon-Watching Tower has a double-eaved roof with four corners coming to a point, and it has a 1.5-meter-tall copper spire on top. The beams of the porch are painted with Suzhou-style patterns, and the wooden screens feature delicate openwork carvings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eb1t02.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kxt56f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gum72i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dgowol.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Liaoning___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_2.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Liaoning___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_2.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a9e976990b67900c31311b52cdbbca8693c1f08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Liaoning___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_2.md
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Liaoning - 12 Historic Mosques, Part 2"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2573"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2573"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:59Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "a39ac1af82fec7168eb129dbb36ddd53bdf87b906d60f2b74704d117c1ef0930"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Liaoning - 12 Historic Mosques, Part 2
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This second part of the Liaoning mosque series continues through old mosque communities in the province, including buildings rebuilt or altered across the Qing Dynasty, Republic of China era, and later decades. The article records mosque origins, prayer hall structures, community elders, steles, and architectural details still visible today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ka1qf5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q195lg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qjimsr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/69sfjh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hu4cik.jpg)
+
+The main gate and side rooms of Xinmin Mosque. Above the main gate hangs a plaque reading "Correct Yourself, Correct Others," presented in 1883 by Liu Dianyuan, a military officer with the rank of Blue Feather Guard.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kue3e9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wy60gh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n6u92c.jpg)
+
+There are three plaques in front of the main prayer hall. The first plaque, "The One and Only for Eternity," was presented in 1873 by Zhang Delu, a military official; Ha Zhongguang, a hereditary noble; and Ma Shaochun, a local magistrate.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/42mo2i.jpg)
+
+The second plaque, "Be Pure, Be One," was presented in 1883 by Ding Chunxi, a military commander and decorated hero.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qresdk.jpg)
+
+The third plaque, "Sincere Intentions and Respectful Heart," was presented in 1883 by Zuo Baogui, a high-ranking military commander in charge of the Fengtian camp. Zuo Baogui was a famous general in the late Qing Dynasty and a hero in the war against Japan. He led troops to guard Fengtian in 1875 and began commanding the Fengtian army in 1880. Zuo Baogui was stationed in Fengtian for twenty years. During this time, he was devoted to his faith, supported public welfare and education, donated to build many mosques, set up schools and soup kitchens, and wrote plaques for many mosques.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2rarft.jpg)
+
+The mihrab, minbar, and roof gables of the Xinmin Mosque main hall feature beautiful calligraphy. This is a traditional Chinese calligraphy style that originated in Shandong during the Ming and Qing dynasties and became popular in Northeast China through the Shandong school.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m3jl1q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y0a0s2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w8ydmc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fy05v5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/575uvf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pzibj4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tjhb9y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n2spgj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/26d1kv.jpg)
+
+Qing Dynasty door stones and stone tablets are piled up in the backyard of Xinmin Mosque. A tablet from the Tongzhi era contains a contract for a cemetery, including the names of donors and the boundaries of the land. The inscription also provides a rare mention of the now-vanished Xinmin North Mosque. Xinmin North Mosque was built in 1853. Its kiln-style prayer hall had a moon-viewing tower (wangyuelou) with double eaves, but it was destroyed in the 1960s and 1970s.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d56wkw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pug06v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8465e0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5uuxw0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zxb6by.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nnd6f4.jpg)
+
+**Shenyang South Mosque.**
+
+Shenyang South Mosque was built in 1636. The ancestors of the Tie family who founded it were Hui Muslims who came to the interior of China during the Mongol western campaigns. In the early Ming Dynasty, Tie Xuan served as a government official in Jinan. During the Jingnan Campaign in 1400, Tie Xuan led the defense of Jinan. The Prince of Yan, Zhu Di, attacked for three months without success. It was not until 1402, after the Prince of Yan captured Nanjing and returned north, that Jinan finally fell. Tie Xuan was captured and executed. After Tie Xuan passed away, his second son, Tie Fushu, fled outside the Great Wall and moved from Jinzhou to Shenyang between 1573 and 1620.
+
+The original Shenyang South Mosque was quite simple. In 1662, Tie Kui expanded it into a large mosque and invited the famous imam She Yuanshan from Beijing to teach there. After Imam She's student Tie Hongji finished his studies, he became the leader. From then on, the position of imam at the South Mosque was passed down through the Tie family for 11 generations, with the last imam, Tie Zizhang, serving until 1956.
+
+The rear hall of the mosque was expanded in 1902. The main hall is not the traditional T-shape but features a structure with a rolled-shed roof, a front hall, a rear hall, and a hexagonal kiln-style prayer hall. This style of adding a pavilion-like kiln hall to the rear is common in Northeast China.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fxv22u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hbfe9v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8j0q36.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fz01ki.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lgz9yb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5rw4cu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/elj8xx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v6r8sh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qvs2nv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3wty9j.jpg)
+
+The mihrab of the South Mosque is very unusual; instead of a traditional niche, it uses a "great spirit tablet" design, which is a unique local feature.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vxp7jy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7o0hpf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2vevqj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/na6d7h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tmjs55.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aw1119.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4ukp80.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/531pq1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iwimdc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ggyq81.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xqah7r.jpg)
+
+**Shenyang East Mosque.**
+
+Shenyang East Mosque was built in 1803. In 1935, the prayer hall was rebuilt in a Western style, while the moon-viewing tower (wangyuelou) kept its original Chinese style. The East Mosque was occupied in 1958, returned in 1980, and became the Shenyang Islamic Institute in 1988.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lgr8mv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6b0hfq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ohz5ay.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tsimjg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7515ji.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uhdfmu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6xhw0g.jpg)
+
+**Kaiyuan Old City Mosque**
+
+Take a train from Shenyang to Kaiyuan, then take a taxi to the Kaiyuan Old City. Located inside the East Gate of the old city, the Kaiyuan Old City Mosque was first built in 1406 (the fourth year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty) and is the oldest mosque in Northeast China.
+
+The current main prayer hall follows the style of the 1680 (the 19th year of the Kangxi reign) reconstruction, consisting of a small porch (juanpeng), the main hall, and a hexagonal pavilion-style rear hall (yaodian), similar in style to the South Mosque in Shenyang.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d474fc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/faqxk6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fc2gv1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2jf8d5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jez9ft.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/auu34j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nk1gsa.jpg)
+
+**Porch (juanpeng)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d1h12h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jc178d.jpg)
+
+The Old City Mosque once had many plaques and couplets, but only the 'Allah is One' (Zhenzhu Duyi) plaque, gifted by the Kaiyuan County government in 1832 (the 12th year of the Daoguang reign), remains hanging above the main hall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t17wnv.jpg)
+
+**Inside the main hall**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/272hbg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5ul4m3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e8h2de.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r0gzhg.jpg)
+
+Old items stored in the mosque's reception hall include roof drip tiles, eave tiles, ridge beasts, and carved wooden railings from the main hall, the finial from the moon-viewing tower (wangyuelou) of the rear hall, and a plaque inscribed with 'Silk and Gauze' (Lingluo Shajuan).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y64re7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4i7ms1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ofm693.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xeamh3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0qo88c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/da6xlo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rn105d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qtr3nw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l4imzq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0njjka.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/57vkni.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bf7vqx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s4s3m0.jpg)
+
+Wood carvings and stone engravings stored in the reception hall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o3n5dk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6sxjv2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uoyn72.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0bzg1n.jpg)
+
+**Very exquisite calligraphy**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1d6rp3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/356tlo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/76dpgc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ny07rq.jpg)
+
+**Fengcheng Mosque**
+
+Fengcheng Mosque was first built in 1775 (the 40th year of the Qianlong reign), renovated in 1862 (the first year of the Tongzhi reign), expanded with a north lecture hall and side rooms in 1876 (the second year of the Guangxu reign), and finally reached its current size after the moon-viewing tower was added in 1890 (the 16th year of the Guangxu reign).
+
+The most distinctive feature of Fengcheng Mosque is the moon-viewing tower, built during the Guangxu reign, which has a double-eaved, four-cornered pyramidal roof, flying eaves, brackets, and intricately carved decorative brackets (que-ti).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h5qei4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/19c4p4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/scr91q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9317d8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bzkr7e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6a5li7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p4jq31.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/93cazq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xxi64u.jpg)
+
+The mosque features 300-year-old Chinese junipers, a stele from the Guangxu renovation, and very exquisite wood and brick calligraphy carvings on the brackets and wall corners.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e6sql8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jkt4ki.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kl2k4g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zkd8ch.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w798w2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tgznq4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/87q9eb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sets8z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xs3rti.jpg)
+
+**Fuzhou Mosque**
+
+Fuzhou is a thousand-year-old city established during the Liao Dynasty. It was a major commercial hub in southern Liaoning from the Ming and Qing dynasties onwards, filled with merchants, until it was gradually replaced by Wafangdian along the South Manchuria Railway in modern times.
+
+Around 1641 (the sixth year of the Chongde reign of the Qing Dynasty), Hui Muslims from the four major surnames of Yin, Ma, Dai, and Hui migrated from Cangzhou, Hebei to Fuzhou, and later established Fuzhou Mosque in the southwest of the city in 1649 (the sixth year of the Shunzhi reign). Three thatched rooms were built as the main hall in 1656 (the 13th year of the Shunzhi reign), which was rebuilt in 1774 (the 39th year of the Qianlong reign) and expanded again in 1880 (the sixth year of the Guangxu reign), still with a thatched roof. In 1920, the front porch and rear hall were expanded, and the roof was changed to blue brick tiles, resulting in its current form.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/domq6x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/niakom.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wohqff.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fiy02b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/131pya.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fozh7a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u13tvs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f85x8c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7f899x.jpg)
+
+Hanging in front of the Fuzhou Mosque main hall is a 'Return to Simplicity and Truth' (Huanpu Guizhen) plaque, respectfully presented in 1897 (the 23rd year of the Guangxu reign) by Wang Tingxiang, a third-rank official and imperial censor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sj9uh8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/as253u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8fy08j.jpg)
+
+Additionally, there are brick carvings of traditional calligraphy featuring dua on the wall corners.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zc8rf7.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Liaoning___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_3.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Liaoning___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_3.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..95da7bfb4baaa32b65f2d21defa93a17b105a797
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Liaoning___12_Historic_Mosques__Part_3.md
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Liaoning - 12 Historic Mosques, Part 3"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2572"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2572"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:01Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "bcafe32c06be61e0d89696bf67f81cbbb63c78329d37a1b960f5073f509c311a"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Liaoning - 12 Historic Mosques, Part 3
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** The final part of the Liaoning mosque series is a short, image-led record of historic mosque sites and remaining architectural details. It keeps the original photo order and focuses on Liaoning Hui Muslim heritage, mosque preservation, and local community memory.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d9v3h7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zgxi1q.jpg)
+
+**Qingdui Mosque (Qingdui Si)**
+
+Qingdui Town is a thousand-year-old town that has served as a fishing port and commercial hub on the Liaodong Peninsula since the Tang Dynasty. Qingbu Port officially opened in 1743 (the eighth year of the Qianlong reign), making Qingdui Town an important transit point for people from Shandong and Hebei moving to Northeast China. During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China era, Qingdui Town was home to over three hundred businesses, with shops lining the streets and bustling with activity. Today, Qingdui Town still preserves many old houses with green bricks and dark tiles from the late Qing and Republican periods, and Qingdui Mosque is one of them.
+
+Qingdui Mosque was first built during the Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty, starting as just three thatched rooms. In July 1894, when the First Sino-Japanese War broke out, the famous Hui Muslim general Zuo Baogui led his troops to Korea to fight the Japanese and passed by Qingdui Mosque. General Zuo Baogui got along very well with the mosque's imam, Zhang Chaozhen. He later donated money, and with additional funds raised by his personal Hui Muslim guards and three local halal restaurants—Deshengyuan, Qingshengyuan, and Yongshengyuan—they prepared to expand the mosque. Unfortunately, before the expansion was finished, General Zuo Baogui died heroically while fighting the Japanese in Pyongyang.
+
+In 1895 (the twenty-first year of the Guangxu reign), the mosque's elder, Hui Wanchun, oversaw the rebuilding of the main hall into the three-room green brick and tile structure seen today. In 1920 (the ninth year of the Republic of China), the gate tower was rebuilt and the lecture hall was expanded, giving the mosque its current size.
+
+The mosque's main gate features a brick-carved couplet that reads: 'The pure palace spreads the teachings of the Muhammadan path, the true sage passes down scriptures that bestow grace from the Western Regions.' This is a very precious piece of Republican-era brick-carved calligraphy. The main gate is usually closed, so you must enter the mosque through the south wing where the imam lives. The imam is from Gansu and warmly introduced us to the history of Qingdui Mosque; it is not easy for his family to stay and maintain this small community mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bqnnt2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6ui1mk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k5av2q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2pgy52.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8tjkqk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j22sgj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/67lu5l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q3cbjk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wtbk1u.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Nanjing_Mosques___Old_South_City__Liuhe_and_Zhuzhen__Part_1.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Nanjing_Mosques___Old_South_City__Liuhe_and_Zhuzhen__Part_1.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb0551325b73b77bfa52131d53ad4fd47e1c979f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Nanjing_Mosques___Old_South_City__Liuhe_and_Zhuzhen__Part_1.md
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Nanjing Mosques - Old South City, Liuhe and Zhuzhen, Part 1"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2538"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2538"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:48Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "c59f378d29007ca578caf08c1dbd67735b67c0d786803384a90fb414557ebf6e"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Nanjing Mosques - Old South City, Liuhe and Zhuzhen, Part 1
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** The first part of the Nanjing mosque journey focuses on Jingjue Mosque, Caoqiao Mosque, Taiping Road Mosque, and other historic Muslim sites in the old city. This account keeps the original mosque names, inscriptions, dates, architecture, street context, and photographs.
+
+**Jingjue Mosque.**
+
+Jingjue Mosque is located on Sanshan Street in the south of Nanjing. It was originally called Sanshan Street Mosque. During the Jiajing era of the Ming Dynasty, it was given the name Jingjue Mosque, making it the first mosque in Nanjing during the Ming period.
+
+One account says Jingjue Mosque was built in 1388 (the 21st year of the Hongwu era) by imperial order to house officials from the Western Regions who had submitted to the Ming, such as Yibulajin and Kemaluding. Another account says it was built in 1392 (the 25th year of the Hongwu era) by imperial order of Saihazhi, a seventh-generation descendant of Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din. Both accounts are supported by stone inscriptions from the Ming Dynasty.
+
+According to a 1493 (the 5th year of the Hongzhi era) inscription titled 'Record of the Two Imperial Mosques Built in the South of the City of Yingtian Prefecture in Jiangnan,' it states: 'In the 21st year of the Hongwu era, Yibulajin, Kemaluding, and others, originally from the Rumi Kingdom in the Western Regions, submitted to China along with the Duke of Song after the conquest of Jinshan and Kaiyuan... Therefore, two mosques were built to settle them, and Kemaluding and four other households were assigned to live at the Wangyue Tower Jingjue Mosque.' The family genealogies of two Hui Muslim branches with the surname Ma, known as 'Weiyitang' and 'Baojitang' in Hushu, Nanjing, both record that they are descendants of Ma Gutai and Ma Baihao, who were settled at Jingjue Mosque at that time.
+
+According to a 1405 (the 3rd year of the Yongle era) inscription at the Great Mosque on Huajue Lane in Xi'an, 'On the 14th day of the third month of the 25th year of the Hongwu era, Saihazhi, the seventh-generation descendant of the Prince of Xianyang Sayyid Ajjal, went to the inner court to announce the imperial decree: On that day at the Fengtian Gate, the imperial decree was received:...build two mosques in two locations, one at the copper workshop on Sanshan Street in Yingtian Prefecture, Nanjing, and one on Ziwu Lane in Chang'an County, Xi'an Prefecture, Shaanxi Province.' The 'Genealogy of the Sayyid Ajjal Family' records that Saihazhi was granted the hereditary title of Marquis of Xianning, and 'When the Ming Taizu established the capital in Jinling, he entrusted Saihazhi to build a mosque in Jinling.' After the work was finished, he built the Great Mosque in Chang'an. When the Tiemao Lane Mosque in Taicang, Jiangsu, was renovated in the 1980s, a stone tablet was found inside a wall, revealing that the Taicang mosque was also built by Saihazhi.
+
+Additionally, according to the Republic of China era 'Zhongnan Huaibei Regional Gazetteer,' 'North of the street is Jingjue Mosque. Wu Ru, a man from the Western Regions during the Ming Dynasty, came to China to serve in the Imperial Astronomical Bureau. He lived in Nanjing and built this mosque next to his residence.' Therefore, Jingjue Mosque may have originally been part of Wu Ru's residence.
+
+Jingjue Mosque was destroyed by fire in 1430 (the 5th year of the Xuande era), and Zheng He requested its reconstruction before his seventh voyage to the Western Oceans. According to the 'Record of the Imperial Eunuch Zheng He Rebuilding the Mosque,' it states: 'Your request has been received: The mosque on Sanshan Street in Nanjing has been burned down.' 'You wish to rebuild it to pray for the safety of the funds, grain, people, and ships for your voyage. This shows your respectful heart, so how could it be neglected?' 'As an imperial envoy, since you have set your heart on this, how could your wish be abandoned?' 'If the personnel and materials you use are insufficient, and the project is delayed, you may draw what is needed from the Nanjing Directorate of Palace Servants and the Ministry of Works so that it can be completed in time for you to wait for the favorable winds to set sail. This is the decree.'
+
+During the Taiping Rebellion, most of the bricks, tiles, and wood from Jingjue Mosque were taken down to build a local government office. The mosque was rebuilt in 1877 (the third year of the Guangxu reign) and renovated in 1879 (the fifth year of the Guangxu reign), which created its current layout. In the early years of the Republic of China, a wealthy Nanjing couple, Jiang Xiudong and his wife, paid to build the north and south lecture halls and the main hall. The mosque was repaired again in 1957. After the 1960s, a rubber company and the No. 3 Rubber Factory occupied the mosque. They tore down the only remaining Ming Dynasty brick and stone archway and the Butterfly Hall (hudieting), and destroyed many plaques, couplets, and stone tablets. The mosque was repaired in 1982, reopened in 1983, and the archway was rebuilt in 1985.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e8yz3z.jpg)
+
+During the Ming Dynasty, the main prayer hall of Jingjue Mosque had 81 rooms and was built with nanmu wood. The current main hall was rebuilt in 1877 (the third year of the Guangxu reign). Its floor plan projects outward at the rear, like a raised middle section, and it uses a traditional post-and-beam wooden frame. The main hall and the opposite hall are linked by a covered corridor, forming a straight central axis with halls at both ends. This layout is typical of Jiangnan architecture. The mihrab was moved here from the original mosque on Xiaowangfu Lane, and the surrounding wooden carvings of scripture were added in 2001.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4smwvz.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hudrdn.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xeul8v.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tcc2l3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cvw9jw.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/igzyk4.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hvr9so.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ra7d9e.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uqp1s3.jpg)
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+The back of the prayer hall connects directly to a high wall. This is a typical feature of Jianghuai courtyard-style architecture, which is very rare in the north.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4wm7my.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/665570.jpg)
+
+During renovations in 2007, the main hall was raised by one meter. Workers dug two meters deep and found Ming Dynasty glazed tiles, brick carvings, stone railings, and huge Ming Dynasty stone column bases. These bases were twice as wide as those from the Guangxu period.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ue0t3x.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9l4ngk.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z2ck2r.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w6qav7.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tymq9s.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ayimp0.jpg)
+
+The only remaining Ming Dynasty structures, the brick and stone archway and the Butterfly Hall, were both torn down in the 1960s. The archway was rebuilt in 1985, the Butterfly Hall in 2004, and a new stele pavilion was built in 1996.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pakbcc.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q75kax.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6wo28g.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u2np99.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kvghe3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dn42gh.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/42ddgn.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1uvq5r.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ywkr4g.jpg)
+
+**The only Jahriyya mosque in Nanjing.**
+
+Inside Jingjue Mosque, there is a stone tablet from 1891 titled 'Dahua Guizhen'. It records how Wu Defa followed his father Wu Dasong's final wish and donated the back part of their family home at 59 Shigu Road (formerly Xiaofuyuxiang) to establish the Shigu Road Mosque. The tablet mentions two Jahriyya imams, Fan Yuncai and Zhan Fengxiang. Witnesses included neighbors surnamed Chen, Cai, Zhou, and Yu; fellow Muslims surnamed Sun, Li, Wu, Zhan, Zong, and Jin; close relatives surnamed Ha, Ma, and Mai; and clan members surnamed Wu. This tablet was originally kept at the Shigu Road Mosque. After that mosque was torn down in 1986 for road expansion, the tablet was moved to Jingjue Mosque.
+
+Shigu Road Mosque is the only Jahriyya mosque in Nanjing. In the late years of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, a Hui Muslim named Wu from Taiyuan, Shanxi, who followed the Jahriyya (Zhepai) order, settled on Shigu Road in Nanjing. Influenced by him, followers of the Jahriyya order (Zhepai gaomu) began to appear around Shigu Road, Sanmaogong, and Nantai Lane in Nanjing, and most of them worked in the fish fry farming industry. At first, the Nanjing Jahriyya followers performed their worship at the Wuxueyuan Mosque (Yuan Mosque) near Shigu Road. During the Taiping Rebellion, the Wuxueyuan Mosque was destroyed by war, so the followers moved their worship to the Fengfu Road Mosque. Because their practice of loud chanting (gaosheng zannian) was different, Wu Defa later invited the Jahriyya followers to perform worship at his own home on Shigu Road, and in 1891 (the 17th year of the Guangxu reign), the Shigu Road Mosque was finally established.
+
+The Nanjing Jahriyya order belongs to the Beishan menhuan. The Beishan menhuan is centered in Beishan, Zhangjiachuan, Gansu. Its leader, Ma Yuanzhang, was well-read, proficient in both Islamic scriptures and Chinese classics, and adopted the ideas of Liu Jielian to interpret Islam through Confucianism. After the Shigu Road Mosque was built, Fan Yuncai and Zhan Fengxiang from the Beishan menhuan served as imams. Imam Fan Yuncai was from Siyang, Jiangsu. During the Republic of China era, his son Fan Zhaofa opened the Faji Carriage Company in Nanjing, which was very successful. In 1905, Wu Wenlian, the grandson of Nanjing's Wu Defa, went to Gansu to study scriptures. After completing his studies in 1911, he was appointed by Ma Yuanzhang to serve as the imam of the Shigu Road Mosque.
+
+After the Beishan order leader Ma Yuanzhang passed away (guizhen) in 1920, his nephew Ma Dianwu took over the religious affairs. It was still called the Beishan menhuan, overseeing over 100 mosques in places like Zhangjiachuan, Tianshui, and Longnan in Gansu, Qiqihar in Heilongjiang, Runan in Henan, and Long County in Shaanxi. Nanjing's Shigu Road was its only mosque in East China.
+
+In 1937, Ma Dianwu appointed Imam Su Ziying from Zhangjiachuan, Gansu, to serve as the imam of the Shigu Road Mosque. Imam Su actively visited other mosques, connected with community elders, and promoted education, which helped the Shigu Road Mosque flourish and trained more than 20 students (hailifa). In 1953, Imam Yang Junwen succeeded as the imam of the Shigu Road Mosque. In 1958, the Shigu Road Mosque closed, and Imam Yang Junwen became an imam at the Fengfu Road Mosque. After that, Imam Yang no longer maintained contact with the Beishan menhuan, and his worship practices gradually merged with the Gedimu order.
+
+In 1986, the Shigu Road Mosque was demolished due to road widening. Although the mosque closed, some descendants of the Nanjing Jahriyya followers still held firmly to their worship. For example, Fan Songshou, a descendant of Imam Fan Wencai, made a living running a tofu shop. Even in his nineties, he insisted on performing the five daily prayers (namaz) without fail. In his old age, he still insisted on fasting (zhai), and in the 1960s, he continued to volunteer to wash and bury the deceased and help with funeral arrangements.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8zaqh2.jpg)
+
+Plaque inscriptions at Jingjue Mosque:
+
+Only pure, only one: Erected on an auspicious day in the first month of summer in the Gengyin year, the 16th year of the Guangxu reign of the Great Qing Dynasty, by the Commander of the Jiujiang Garrison in Jiangxi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/11llvb.jpg)
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+Rectify the heart and be sincere: Erected in June of the 11th year of the Republic of China by members of the Nanjing Islamic Association.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rfpg58.jpg)
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+The stele from the 47th year of the Qianlong reign records the four boundaries of Jingjue Mosque. To the east, there was a shop for rent, and to the west, a shop in Maxiang Alley was rented out as a flower shop. The elders who donated funds included those with the surnames Chen, Ma, Wu, Jin, Zheng, and Sha.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/07ctk7.jpg)
+
+The stele from the 18th year of the Guangxu reign records that Imam Ma donated his own land next to the mosque to build the main prayer hall and the water room (wudu area).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vox5vn.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y8h6ud.jpg)
+
+Jingjue Mosque houses a memorial stele for Ma Yitang, a Hui Muslim merchant from Nanjing who worked in Shanghai. It was inscribed in 1931 by Ma Fuxiang, a famous Beiyang general who was then the Chairman of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission.
+
+Ma Yitang was born in 1869. His ancestors ran a money shop outside Jubao Gate in Nanjing, and the family owned the Ma Yulong Satin and Fan Shop. With Shanghai as his base, Ma Yitang expanded his business to include domestic and foreign general merchandise. He set up branches in Chengdu and Chongqing, and his goods were sold as far away as the Tibetan regions. Ma Yitang was devoted to the faith. He served as a director for the North Mosque and West Mosque in Shanghai and helped fund the founding of the Hanximen Girls' School and the Zhuganxiang Girls' School in Nanjing. In 1909, Ma Yitang became a special consultative director for the Shanghai Islamic Board of Directors, participating in all its decisions. In 1921, he was responsible for the expansion of the Shanghai Xiaoshadu Mosque (now the Huxi Mosque).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0jaygu.jpg)
+
+Jingjue Mosque houses a notice stele from the 15th year of the Republic of China regarding the Shangfuqiao Mosque, issued by the Western District Police Station of the Jiangsu Provincial Capital Police Department. It records that the police stepped in to protect the Shangfuqiao Mosque and the Dajiaoxiang Mosque to uphold the rights of the faith. The petitioners included Hui Muslims with the surnames Bai, Tao, Pu, Ma, Yuan, Liang, Wei, and Jin.
+
+Shangfuqiao Mosque was located in Chuanban Alley and was first built in 1662 (the first year of the Kangxi reign). It was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion in the Xianfeng era and rebuilt in 1876 (the second year of the Guangxu reign). Later, it was occupied by Nanjing No. 62 Middle School, and the notice stele was moved into Jingjue Mosque. Dajiaoxiang Mosque was first built in 1874 (the 13th year of the Tongzhi reign). The mosque once housed trade associations for the pavilion decoration, wedding, and fried rice industries. It was later occupied by a factory and eventually demolished.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yrxtd1.jpg)
+
+Jingjue Mosque houses a Qing Dynasty stone carving from the Neiqiaowan Mosque, which was rescued from under an excavator during the demolition of Neiqiaowan in 2019.
+
+Neiqiaowan Mosque was located on Zhongshan South Road. One account says it was first built in 1645 (the second year of the Shunzhi reign), while another says it was built in 1662 (the first year of the Kangxi reign). In 1898 (the 24th year of the Guangxu reign), Shi Jialiang bought a group of houses in Neiqiaowan to rebuild the main prayer hall. The Shi family came from Wuwei, Gansu. They moved to Nanjing during the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty to expand the silk trade. They later became a famous silk-trading family in Nanjing and founded the Shijuxing Silk Firm during the Daoguang reign. The Shi family moved to Shanghai during the Guangxu reign and were members of the Shanghai mosque board of directors.
+
+Neiqiaowan Mosque once housed a primary school and the Glutinous Rice Food Industry Guild. It was demolished in 1991 to widen the road.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lkzhec.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0fhxfi.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sfsepo.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c9x235.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ip0a40.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/81kgcy.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fn819g.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3gcbxo.jpg)
+
+**The former Taiping Road Mosque.**
+
+Because the Jiangsu Hotel expanded to Taiping Road, the main hall and opposite hall of the Taiping Road Mosque were moved 40 meters south of the old Caoqiao Mosque in 2003. The project was completed in 2005.
+
+Taiping Road Mosque was originally called Huapailou Mosque. Legend says it was built by Chang Yuchun in the early Ming Dynasty. It was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion and later rebuilt with funds raised by elders from the Ha, Ma, Zheng, Yang, Ding, and Chang families. Ma Jingtao led its renovation during the Tongzhi reign. In 1924, wealthy Nanjing merchants and brothers Jiang Muzhou and Jiang Sukan (Guobang) donated money to rebuild a new mosque on the south side, which was still called Huapailou Mosque. When the road was widened in 1931, the gate tower was demolished. Huapailou was renamed Taiping Road, and Huapailou Mosque was renamed Taiping Road Mosque.
+
+After the victory in the War of Resistance in 1945, the Jiang family of Jinling funded the renovation of the main hall and built the Jiang Family Shouxuan Hall in the north courtyard. That same year, the China Islamic National Salvation Association moved into Taiping Road Mosque and changed its name to the China Islamic Association. Its first chairman was Bai Chongxi. It was the highest Islamic organization in the country at the time until it moved to Taipei in 1949. After the 1960s, the Taiping Road Mosque was occupied. It was reclaimed in 1978, reopened in 1980, and named a municipal cultural relic protection unit in 1982. It was demolished in 2003, and the components of the main hall and opposite hall were moved to a new site.
+
+Because the daily expenses of Taiping Road Mosque were paid by the wealthy Jiang family of Jinling, it was the richest mosque in Nanjing during the Republic of China era. The Jiang family of Jinling originally came from Yuncao Ancient Town in Hanshan County, Anhui. They moved to Nanjing in 1808 (the 13th year of Jiaqing). They started as small vendors and later expanded into the silk, salt, and pawn industries. During the Guangxu reign, they opened branches in major commercial ports and became a wealthy merchant family.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1ufovt.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c0gggm.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vhoj8f.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/91aew0.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e4o4bz.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hxu1rm.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eimbfi.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/04pm7p.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qyb9gr.jpg)
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+The opposite hall of the former Taiping Road Mosque served as the office for the chairman of the China Islamic Association between 1945 and 1949, where Bai Chongxi once worked.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u3n45f.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4blcmp.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2ci65p.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ysem80.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gdpd80.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/10v74p.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/je8obw.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9v4dyr.jpg)
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+The brick carving of 'Washing the Heart and Looking at the Palace' (xixin zhanque) from the water room of the former Taiping Road Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/darxyv.jpg)
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+The former Taiping Road Mosque collected the 'Postscript to the Mother's Filial Piety Arch' written by Jiang Guobang. It records that the father of the wealthy Nanjing merchant Jiang Guobang lost his own father early and was raised by his mother, Madam Ma. In 1911 (the third year of the Xuantong reign), he petitioned to build a memorial arch for his mother's filial piety. Due to the change in government, it was finally completed in 1914.
+
+Jiang Guobang came from the wealthy Jiang merchant family of Jinling, but he cared little for fame or wealth and dedicated himself to the study of traditional Chinese culture. Jiang Guobang was very filial. To provide his mother with a good place to spend her later years, he spent a large sum of money to buy the Xiaowanliu Hall by West Lake in Hangzhou. He later named it Jiang Manor (Jiangzhuang), which was one of the three major manors on West Lake at that time. In 1924, Jiang Guobang oversaw the reconstruction of Taiping Road Mosque and later built the memorial arch for his mother's filial piety inside the mosque. The arch no longer exists today, and only the stone tablet record remains.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0iig5m.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0d4uwz.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hh6rm9.jpg)
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+The well railing from the Qing Dynasty and a stone tablet from the Guangxu reign at Caoqiao Mosque. Caoqiao Mosque was first built during the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty. It was destroyed by fire during the Taiping Rebellion and rebuilt in the early years of the Tongzhi reign. Because it was located in Qijiawan, a neighborhood where Hui Muslims lived, Caoqiao Mosque once had the largest number of congregants in Nanjing. Historically, Caoqiao Mosque had no property of its own. Its daily expenses were covered by the Beef and Leather Trade Association, which was based inside the mosque. After 1958, Caoqiao Mosque was occupied and later rented to the Nanjing Woodworking Factory, which caused serious damage. The mosque property was returned in 1985 but never reopened, and it was demolished in 2003.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fazwp1.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s8p7na.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c48odx.jpg)
+
+**The Jiang Family Courtyard in Laomendong.**
+
+In the Laomendong scenic area of Nanjing, there is a residence called Jishan Hall belonging to the wealthy Hui Muslim merchant family, the Jiangs of Jinling. It is currently located at 18 and 20 Santiaoying. The residence was open for visits before, but unfortunately, it was closed when we went.
+
+The Jiang family of Jinling originally came from Yuncao, an ancient town in Hanshan County, Anhui. They moved to Nanjing in 1808 (the 13th year of the Jiaqing reign) and started out as small vendors. After the Taiping Rebellion was suppressed in 1864 (the third year of the Tongzhi reign), the Jiang family used sailboats to transport salt from the Lianghuai salt fields to the Yangtze River coast. On their return trips, they brought back large quantities of daily necessities, which helped them build their fortune. Later, they opened the Chunshengjian firm to trade in satin, and their reputation spread throughout the southwestern provinces.
+
+Jiang Shoushan, also known as Changcheng, was a key figure of the Jinling Jiang family in the late Qing Dynasty. He owned the Deda Soy Sauce Shop in Nanjing, the Guangda Oil Mill in Liuhe, and the Chunyuan Oil Firm in Hankou. In 1875 (the first year of the Guangxu reign), the government named his residence Jishantang (Hall of Accumulated Goodness) and the street outside Jishanli (Alley of Accumulated Goodness) to honor his charity work, which included building bridges, paving roads, giving porridge to the poor, and helping those in need.
+
+Beyond his business success, the Jiang family was also very devoted to their faith. Jiang Shoushan's father, Jiang Hanchen, wrote in the preface to the religious book 'Guizhen Yaodao' (Essential Path to Returning to the Truth), which he edited for his fourth son Jiang Changsong: 'Building wealth from nothing through business is all due to the grace of Allah.' During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the Jiang family made significant contributions to the faith. They led the construction of the Wuxi Mosque and the Xixin Pavilion at the Huashen Mosque in Nanjing, rebuilt the Huapailou (Taiping Road) Mosque in Nanjing, expanded the Taipingfang Mosque in Suzhou, renovated the Hanximen Mosque and Jingjue Mosque in Nanjing and the Jinshifang Street Mosque in Beijing, and also established a charity school in the southern suburbs of Nanjing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4szhd3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kd8u8z.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jojznk.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/siapq7.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q59xkv.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4shc6q.jpg)
+
+**Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque**
+
+The Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque was built in the late Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty. It is one of the few remaining old buildings among the 33 traditional Hui Muslim neighborhoods in Nanjing. The mihrab (the niche in the wall indicating the direction of Mecca) currently in the Jingjue Mosque was moved here from the Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque. The Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque was used as a residential area for a long time, but it has now been vacated and may soon have a new purpose.
+
+In 1917, the Xiaowangfu Lane Mosque founded the private Wuben Primary School to teach both general subjects and religious knowledge. It moved to the entrance of Xiaowangfu Lane on Fengfu Road in 1953 and became a public school in 1956.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6vlucf.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ug8u0n.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gtk11f.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ediyzz.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5s76sh.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cpop9k.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/apbcqv.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y8bc4c.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/td2y51.jpg)
+
+**Anleyuan**
+
+Every time I visit Nanjing, I make sure to have morning tea at Anleyuan. The morning tea used to be served in the main dining room, but it has moved to the hot pot hall on the right. The menu, however, remains the same.
+
+We arrived after ten o'clock, and it wasn't very crowded. We ordered roast duck with dried tofu strips (ya gan si), shark fin golden cake, crystal shrimp dumplings, red bean soup with rice balls (chidou yuanxiao), water shield vegetable steamed dumplings (jiao'ercai zhengjiao), duck and pine nut steamed dumplings (shaomai), beef spring rolls, and crispy fried dough (sanzi) with tofu pudding, all paired with Yuhua tea. Anleyuan is a great place to experience the charm of Jinling's Hui Muslim cuisine, especially if you are dining with a group.
+
+Anleyuan was founded in 1920 by Cai Jiheng, a Hui Muslim from Nanjing. Originally called Anleju Restaurant, it has been in business for 105 years. Anleyuan was first located at 64 Pingshi Street (formerly Shuixiangkou) in the Hui Muslim community of Qijiawan. It later moved to the Jiangxi Guild Hall at 19 Pingshi Street, specializing in snacks like sweet red bean paste buns and assorted vegetable buns.
+
+In 1949, owner Cai Jiheng was getting old, so he handed the restaurant over to his son, Cai Yuting. Cai Yuting was a scholar by trade and did not know how to run a business, so the restaurant's sales began to decline. In 1952, Li Fuquan, who ran a restaurant at Chaotian Palace, bought the Anleju Restaurant and renamed it Anleyuan Restaurant. Owner Li introduced signature braised dishes like salt-water duck (yanshui ya), sliced dried beef (ganqie niurou), braised wheat gluten (lu mianjin), and smoked fish (xunyu), which won high praise from customers.
+
+In 1956, during the public-private partnership period, Anleyuan merged with the state-owned Heping Canteen and moved to Shengzhou Road, west of Qijiawan. It grew from a small eatery into a medium-sized restaurant of 400 square meters with 14 tables, gaining a steady base of diners. In 1961, Anleyuan moved again to Mochou Road near Chaotian Palace. The space expanded further, and they introduced new dishes like braised fish maw with three delicacies (sanxian hui yudu) and crispy beef (xiangsu niurou), entering the ranks of high-end restaurants. In 1966, Anleyuan was renamed Victory Restaurant (Shengli Fandian), but it changed back to its original name in 1972. In 2001, due to the development of the Chaotian Palace South Square, Anleyuan was relocated to its current site on Wangfu Street. The new shop expanded to 2,000 square meters, becoming a large restaurant with three separate areas for snacks, main meals, and hot pot.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d4d3gk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r9hm93.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pexa8u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cd8vrs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r4x1uh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pyzf6h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/as274a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dsnzm4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3uz0ck.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hvy1gv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jzyj3b.jpg)
+
+**Li Rongxing**
+
+At noon, we went to the old Hui Muslim brand Li Rongxing on Xufu Lane in Nanjing for lunch. I ate at their original shop ten years ago, and this time I found they have opened chain stores, including a branch here in the north of the city.
+
+We ordered beef potstickers (niurou guotie), beef wontons (niurou huntun), beef vermicelli soup (niurou fensi tang), smoked fish noodles (xunyu mian), beef soup dumplings (niurou guantangbao), and assorted vegetables (su shijin), which are all considered typical Nanjing Hui Muslim specialties. The snacks of Nanjing Hui Muslims are characterized by a hint of sweetness. I find this quite unique, but people from the north might not be used to it.
+
+Li Rongxing is a famous old brand from Qijiawan, founded by Li Houming in 1914. It started at the T-junction of Qijiawan and Ganyu Lane, and was best known for its pan-fried beef buns (niurou jianbao), beef soup, and smoked beef. In 2002, Li Rongxing's third-generation successor, Li Bangzheng, opened a Li Rongxing on Fenghuang West Street, and in 2006, it moved to Nanhu East Road. The current owner, Li Guofan, is the fourth-generation successor of Li Rongxing. Additionally, the most famous Li's Restaurant (Liji) in Qijiawan today is run by Li Bangzheng's cousin, Li Bangjie, who once worked with him at a salted duck factory.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uowm01.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/31qwqu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gssdav.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6vgi12.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cgm0vh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sztb2r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wbhpbh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lxgh6o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sf8fvl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ashq2f.jpg)
+
+**Lvliuju**
+
+Next to Li Rongxing on Xufu Lane is another long-standing shop, Lvliuju. Their shop is quite small. Besides their most popular green sticky rice balls (qingtuan), they serve simple meals like duck blood vermicelli soup (laoya fensi tang), bamboo shoot and beef brisket rice (sungand niunan fan), braised three-delicacy rice (hui sanxian fan), and smoked fish assorted noodles (xunyu shijin mian). We bought some of their signature three-colored cakes (sanse gao).
+
+Lvliuju was founded in 1912 at Taoye Ferry by the Qinhuai River. It started as a high-end vegetarian restaurant, and people like Kong Xiangxi, Chiang Ching-kuo, Bai Chongxi, and the Soong sisters often ate there. After 1949, Lvliuju closed for a time. It reopened in 1963 on Taiping South Road at Yanggongjing, hiring the famous chef Chen Bingyu to lead the kitchen and continue serving authentic vegetarian food. A major feature of Lvliuju is making vegetarian dishes taste like meat. Their vegetarian chicken (suji) and vegetarian duck (suya), made from tofu skin, gluten, and dried bean curd sticks with herbal seasonings, are delicious. In 1987, Lvliuju added halal dishes to its vegetarian menu and became a halal restaurant, though it still specializes in vegetarian food. It is now a national-level intangible cultural heritage.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gn6nsv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e7m9o7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zf0hiz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rad9ay.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o4dunb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/knx4xk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ub3hm1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qg7opq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mywvd0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/slg0pc.jpg)
+
+**Liuhe South Gate Mosque**
+
+Leaving the Nanjing city area, we crossed the Yangtze River and headed north to Liuhe District, where we performed namaz at the Liuhe South Gate Mosque.
+
+There were once seven mosques and three women's schools in Liuhe. Today, the Changjiang Road Mosque, South Gate Mosque, and Zhuzhen Mosque are open, and the historic buildings of the South Gate Women's School and Zhuzhen Women's School remain.
+
+The Liuhe South Gate Mosque was first built in 1403 (the first year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty) and rebuilt in 1553 (the 32nd year of the Jiajing reign). It was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion and later rebuilt. The famous Imam Da Pusheng, one of the four great imams of the Republic of China, had three generations of his family—from his great-grandfather to his father—serve as the imam at South Gate Mosque. The old Da family home is on the Halal Street (Qingzhen Jie) right at the mosque entrance. Imam Da Pusheng studied the scriptures at South Gate Mosque for seven years, from age 10 to 17, before going to Nanjing and Beijing for further study.
+
+The ancestor of the Da family of the Baiye Hall, where Imam Da Pusheng belonged, was Mubalesha from the Western Regions during the Yuan Dynasty. Research shows he belonged to the Kipchak Yuliberi tribe and served as a Darughachi in Zhenjiang before passing away in Zhenjiang. His sixth-generation descendant, Da Shan, moved from Zhenjiang to Liuhe in the early Ming Dynasty to serve as a county magistrate candidate. He settled in Liuhe, making them the oldest Hui Muslim family from the Western Regions in the area.
+
+After 1966, the South Gate Mosque was used as a kindergarten. During that time, the Shamao Hall (duiting), the north wing, the red gate, and the entrance hall were demolished. The kindergarten moved out in 1975, and Baozhen Primary School borrowed the space for a while. It was finally reclaimed in 2000 after the school moved out. The main hall was raised and rebuilt in 2013. Later, the Unity Pagoda (Tongxin Ta) and Tongxing Building were built, and the site finally opened to the public in 2020.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ulfc9u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0nay96.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Nanjing_Mosques___Old_South_City__Liuhe_and_Zhuzhen__Part_2.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Nanjing_Mosques___Old_South_City__Liuhe_and_Zhuzhen__Part_2.md
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+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Nanjing_Mosques___Old_South_City__Liuhe_and_Zhuzhen__Part_2.md
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Nanjing Mosques - Old South City, Liuhe and Zhuzhen, Part 2"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2537"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2537"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:46Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "c0fe21665a3b9a99862b34d6346a9af32b02f746f92a5576ff3081813a409c3f"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Nanjing Mosques - Old South City, Liuhe and Zhuzhen, Part 2
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** The second part of the Nanjing mosque journey follows sites in the old south city, Liuhe, and Zhuzhen, with notes on mosque buildings, stone carvings, and local Hui Muslim history. This account keeps the original route, mosque names, dates, and photographs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qyrjx0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2buuxh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wx027v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/seiyrg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3jqded.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n5ys58.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f023hz.jpg)
+
+Stone carvings and ancient trees at the South Gate Mosque in Liuhe:
+
+**A stone tablet from the seventh year of the Daoguang reign recording a donation of property by a Hui Muslim named Li.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8se2pk.jpg)
+
+**A boundary marker for the mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1019h3.jpg)
+
+A stone tablet from the twelfth year of the Guangxu reign. It records that the South Gate Mosque was destroyed by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom during the Xianfeng years. Many Hui Muslim militia members from the mosque died in battle, and the government later stepped in to protect their graves.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/187s9t.jpg)
+
+A couplet written by Wang Jianli in the tenth year of the Republic of China: To cherish purity and walk in cleanliness is to prepare for the afterlife; to return to the truth and simplicity is to be just like this.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qknzxy.jpg)
+
+**Qing dynasty drum-shaped stone bases (baogushi) in front of the main gate.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dhvtwc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pr5zzm.jpg)
+
+A 460-year-old Chinese juniper (yuanbai) in front of the main prayer hall, classified as a first-grade protected ancient tree.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qyg2hv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3y4lbb.jpg)
+
+**Liuhe Women's School.**
+
+The Liuhe Muslim Women's School started in 1912. The current building was constructed in 1930 and later used as a Hui Muslim funeral home. It is a rare surviving example of a Republican-era Muslim women's school and mosque.
+
+Traditionally, these women's schools do not form formal classes, do not call the adhan, do not hold Jumu'ah prayers, and do not hold Eid prayers. The female imam (shiniang) does not lead the prayer from the front but stands in the middle of the first row. The women's school does not have a minaret, and there is no minbar pulpit inside the main prayer hall. Besides leading the local women in their religious duties, the female imam (shiniang) also teaches various aspects of Islamic knowledge.
+
+Women's schools emerged during the mid-to-late Qing dynasty, initially concentrated in Henan and the neighboring areas of Hebei, Shandong, and Anhui. In the early Republic of China, influenced by the New Culture Movement and the women's liberation movement, the ideas of promoting women's education, ending foot binding, and liberating women began to be understood by Hui Muslims. The number of women's schools increased rapidly, with over a hundred in Henan province alone, and others were built in various provinces.
+
+During the Guangxu reign of the Qing dynasty, two women's schools were built in Nanjing at Hanximen and Changle Street. During the Republican era, four more were built at Fangjia Lane, Zhuganli, Shigu Road, and Dahuifu Lane, but all of these have been demolished. In the early Republican era, Liuhe built three women's schools at Houjie inside the city, outside the South Gate, and in Zhuzhen. The historical buildings at the South Gate and Zhuzhen are the only ones that remain.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8pb9ld.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bmf0wm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/za2tw8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hwuwse.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tsbh64.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sn3ehv.jpg)
+
+**Changjiang Road Mosque in Liuhe.**
+
+After leaving the South Gate Mosque in Liuhe, we went to the Changjiang Road Mosque in Liuhe to perform the prayer (namaz). The mosque has two imams, one middle-aged and one young. The young imam is from Zhenjiang and just graduated from an Islamic school (zhongjing). He is a very rare and talented young man.
+
+The Changjiang Road Mosque was originally called Chengqingfang. It is also known as the Liuhe North Mosque, the Inner City Mosque, and the Da Family Mosque. It was built in 1424 (the 22nd year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty) by the Da family of Baiyetang, who had lived in Liuhe for generations. The Changjiang Road Mosque was destroyed by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom during the Xianfeng reign. Later, the leader Liu Weiting and local elders raised funds to rebuild it. In 1885 (the 11th year of the Guangxu reign), Da Guangyong donated money to build a reception hall. In 1928, Wang Dashi, the widow of the wealthy merchant Wang Zuochen and aunt of the great imam Da Pusheng, donated money to build the Wuxin Pavilion on the original site of the Moon-Watching Tower (Wangyuelou).
+
+In 1899, the great imam Da Pusheng returned to his hometown of Liuhe from the Niujie Mosque in Beijing to serve as the imam of the Changjiang Road Mosque. It was not until 1905, when Imam Wang Kuan from Niujie went on the pilgrimage (hajj), that Imam Da returned to the Niujie Mosque to serve as the acting imam and lead religious affairs. Imam Da founded the Guangyi Primary School inside the Changjiang Road Mosque to promote modern education. He offered courses in Chinese and Arabic, scripture, geography, history, and mathematics. This pioneered the transition from traditional scripture hall teaching to modern education. In a memoir from the early 1950s, Imam Da wrote: 'I worked hard for six years. Perhaps moved by the achievements of Guangyi Primary School, the local Hui Muslims supported the school with great effort... Looking back now, how difficult it was to struggle at that time, to patiently persuade stubborn traditionalists, and to take on responsibilities despite everything without being denounced as anti-religious!'
+
+After 1966, the Changjiang Road Mosque was occupied by a theater troupe and a cultural troupe. It was reclaimed and reopened in 1983.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fxg4fo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/shssj9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/80426h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mnvfpu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1idrsr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i0nm18.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8cq7oz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jqfj99.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ifu711.jpg)
+
+Existing stone tablets at the Liuhe Changjiang Road Mosque:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fksax9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9awpff.jpg)
+
+The 1885 (11th year of the Guangxu reign) tablet records that Da Guangyong funded the construction of the reception hall at the Inner City Mosque in Liuhe. Da Guangyong was the 18th-generation descendant of the Baiyetang Da family. He held the rank of ninth-grade official and lived to be 81.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8nm3v8.jpg)
+
+The 1899 (25th year of the Guangxu reign) tablet, titled 'Tablet on the Renovation of the Tangyi Inner City Mosque and the Market Houses Inside and Outside the Mosque,' records the specific situation of the Changjiang Road Mosque during the Guangxu reign. All the signatories were local Hui Muslims from the Da family.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/645qfr.jpg)
+
+The 1928 (17th year of the Republic of China) tablet, titled 'Tablet on Wang Dashi's Donation to Repair the Moon-Watching Pavilion and Redeem Market Houses,' records that Dashi, the wife of the Zhuzhen elder Wang Zuochen, donated money to build the Moon-Watching Pavilion (Wangyue Ting). Wang Zuochen was a Hui Muslim from Zhuzhen in Liuhe. He ran a grain business on North Street in Zhuzhen for decades. He was very devout, never missing his daily namaz or fasting, but in 1925, bandits suddenly kidnapped him, and he was never heard from again. Wang Zuochen's wife, surnamed Da, was also very devout and founded the Zhuzhen Girls' School. After her husband went missing, Mrs. Da spent years asking people to help find him, but there was no result. Because Wang Zuochen had no brothers or children, Mrs. Da donated all the family's money to the Zhuzhen mosque and to build the Moon-Watching Pavilion (wangyueting) at the Changjiang Road mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lo92pm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ab1ncm.jpg)
+
+Inside the mosque, there is also a 350-year-old Chinese juniper (yuanbai) tree.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1orh1n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qly11s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gulgjd.jpg)
+
+**Zhuzhen Mosque**
+
+Continuing north from Liuhe, we arrived at Zhuzhen, the northernmost town in Nanjing.
+
+The Zhuzhen mosque was originally located outside East Bridge. It was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion and rebuilt in 1901 (the 27th year of the Guangxu reign) in Wang Family Lane in the middle of the old street. In 1968, the Zhuzhen mosque was turned into a dormitory for teachers at an agricultural middle school. It was reclaimed and reopened in 1983, and the main hall was rebuilt in 2001.
+
+In 1939, the imam of Zhuzhen mosque, Li Shudu, formed the Hui Muslim Anti-Japanese Independent Guerrilla Battalion and served as its commander. He worked with the New Fourth Army and made significant contributions to the anti-Japanese cause.
+
+Additionally, in 1939, Hui Muslims from the Bridge Group (qiaobang) in the Gaoyou and Lingtang areas built a mosque near Xinhua Garden on the west side of Zhuzhen. After 1966, it was converted into a Hui Muslim food processing factory.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pdwwrx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mj5rum.jpg)
+
+The Zhuzhen mosque still has a door lintel from the Qing Dynasty's Guangxu period inscribed with the words 'Built by the Zhudun Community.' Zhudun is the old name for Zhuzhen.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/atyuv1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yh3axc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ijw76.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aeccuf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sdfnai.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4jkon1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k7m24o.jpg)
+
+The Zhuzhen mosque in Liuhe houses a Qing Dynasty stone well called 'Pine Spring' (songquan), two pairs of drum-shaped stone bases (baogushi), and a stele from the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927) recording the will of Wang Zuochen's wife, Mrs. Da, who donated her property. Mrs. Da was the aunt of the great imam Da Pusheng. The inscription records that the Zhuzhen Girls' School was founded by Wang Zuochen and fellow members of the faith, with funding provided by Wang Zuochen and his fellow believers. Later, Wang Zuochen was kidnapped by bandits and remained missing for years. Because of this, Wang Zuochen's wife, Mrs. Da, decided to donate all their farmland and property, except for a portion kept for her own support. The funds were mainly used for the daily expenses of the Zhuzhen Girls' School, with the remainder going to the Zhuzhen mosque. The inscription mentions her 'nephew Da Pusheng'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4gbsky.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ep2yd1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4d43u1.jpg)
+
+Across from the Zhuzhen Mosque, there is a shop selling small-mill sesame oil (xiaomo mayou), and the only restaurants in town serve hand-pulled noodles (lamian).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5l0t4j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cffntg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kac160.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fq2eq0.jpg)
+
+**Liuhe Muslim Women's School**
+
+After leaving the Zhuzhen Mosque, I walked through the old street of Zhuzhen and arrived at the Zhuzhen Women's School by the river. The Zhuzhen Women's School is a classic example of Jianghuai architectural style, featuring a small courtyard formed by the entrance hall and the main hall, with traditional Huizhou-style horse-head walls on both sides.
+
+The Zhuzhen Women's School was founded in 1921 by Wang Zuochen, the uncle-in-law of the great imam Da Pusheng, along with other local Hui Muslims. It was originally located on Zhuzhen Middle Street, but in 1931, Wu Tiejian and others rebuilt it along the south riverbank outside the East Bridge of Zhuzhen. After 1966, the school was occupied by a Hui Muslim food processing factory. It was renovated in 2007 but is currently not open to the public. During the Republic of China era, the school was led by two female imams, Mistress Dai and Mistress Bai, who taught scriptures and religious doctrines to local Hui Muslim women.
+
+Wu Tiejian was a famous Hui Muslim businessman and patriot who resisted the Japanese. His original name was Wu Jiashan, and at age 22, he inherited his father's business, the Wudeyuan Grain Store. After the New Fourth Army entered Zhuzhen in 1938 to lead the resistance against Japan, Wu Tiejian was the first to donate grain, money, and guns, and he served as the chairman of the Zhuzhen Merchants and Citizens Anti-Enemy Association. In 1942, Wu Tiejian became the first mayor of the Zhuzhen Anti-Japanese Democratic Government. He took great risks to rescue and protect many comrades and also mobilized ambitious young people to join the revolution. After the founding of New China, Wu Tiejian was elected deputy director of the Nanjing Islamic Association, and he passed away (guizhen) in 1967.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a5dbyk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qyi8ih.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c2ubkz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w9avfj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tgsmgi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p8zhrn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/razfsk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l6fc53.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0871uh.jpg)
+
+There is a square next to the mosque that introduces famous Hui Muslim figures from Liuhe.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7dpoo1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1smi1l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mki9gj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/03bgi4.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Northern_Thailand___Yunnan_Mosques_and_Hui_Communities__Part.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Northern_Thailand___Yunnan_Mosques_and_Hui_Communities__Part.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43663b142e35866e98de936115dbf76600588220
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Northern_Thailand___Yunnan_Mosques_and_Hui_Communities__Part.md
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Northern Thailand — Yunnan Mosques and Hui Communities (Part 1)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2291"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2291"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:53Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "04198dafeaf2fab337584bacf2c583dae338900c4bc8d4a44a6ce08a5af8f892"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Northern Thailand — Yunnan Mosques and Hui Communities (Part 1)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Northern Thailand has Yunnanese Hui Muslim communities whose mosque neighborhoods still show the memory of migration, trade, and borderland life. This first part of Day 3 records the mosques, settlements, and local community details in clear English while keeping the source facts and images.
+
+During the May Day holiday in 2023, I visited the mosque communities (fang) of the Yunnan Hui Muslims in Northern Thailand. On the first day, led by Master Ma Ruqi, a third-generation Thai Yunnan Hui Muslim, we visited four mosque communities in the Chiang Mai city area: Chang Khlan, Wang He, Jing Zhen, and Nurul. I posted about this in 'A Pilgrimage to Northern Thai Yunnan Mosque Communities (Day 1)'. On the second day, Master Ma drove us north to visit several mosque communities in the refugee villages of the former Northern Thai isolated army. We went to Mae Salong, the main base of the isolated army, and finally reached Mae Sai, the second-largest settlement of Yunnan Hui Muslims in Northern Thailand. I posted about this in 'A Pilgrimage to Northern Thai Yunnan Mosque Communities (Day 2)'. On the third day, we left Mae Sai and headed south back to Chiang Mai, visiting several mosque communities in Chiang Rai to wrap up this pilgrimage to the Yunnan mosque communities of Northern Thailand.
+
+**Mae Sai**
+
+The third day of our journey began in Mae Sai, the northernmost town in Thailand. Early in the morning, we went to see the Mae Sai border crossing to Myanmar. It was closed for over two years and only reopened this February, so it is busy again now. Not far to the west of the border, you can see the Myanmar town of Tachileik across the Mae Sai River. Development there is clearly a bit behind Thailand. Many Yunnan Hui Muslims also live in Tachileik, and there is a Yunnan mosque there. I hope to have the chance to visit it in the future.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/108hac.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jqwrzu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p6tj25.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ejikh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pk1bee.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i52mvk.jpg)
+
+Next, we went to visit the Mae Sai Yunnan Mosque. Although Mae Sai has been a necessary stop for Yunnan horse caravans heading south to Chiang Mai since the late Qing Dynasty, it was not until 1952 that Yunnan Hui Muslims Ma Xianglin and Ma Enshou initiated the construction of a mosque. The original mosque was just a thatched hut. Later, with donations from Qian Yizhai and fellow Muslims in Chiang Mai, Ma Zixing oversaw its reconstruction into a wooden building. In 1975, because the number of Yunnan Hui Muslims in Mae Sai was growing, the old mosque could not hold everyone. Mu Chengfang, a Hui Muslim from Dazhuang, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, initiated a move to the current location next to the main road. Ma Weijing and Na Caikui oversaw the construction of the current steel and concrete building.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0ehefa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u9pvch.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xcsvb9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z949z3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/udgmln.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wdfior.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/udacu0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3mhax7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/arpi5h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lnzdp6.jpg)
+
+The prayer hall of the Mae Sai Yunnan Mosque, with shops selling dried beef jerky (la niuganba) and dried duck (la ya) at the entrance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/64pgyq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zqj0j9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o9ddaw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/va3lp6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6pce8c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q1ific.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2hpjdp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t2nm43.jpg)
+
+We had breakfast in an alley where Yunnan Hui Muslims live in Mae Sai. We could order in Mandarin, as the Yunnan Hui Muslims here speak both the Yunnan dialect and Mandarin fluently. We ate thick pea porridge (xi doufen) with rice noodles (migan) and braised beef noodles, which used minced meat (rou saozi) instead of chunks of meat. The owner's son is young but has already graduated as a hafiz. Hui Muslims here start systematic religious studies from a young age, which helps pass their faith down from generation to generation.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v2k785.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2phhkr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/llj0wg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uqh6gv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0wru43.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/loyw8g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6xnogx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4rdee1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w27ukh.jpg)
+
+Then we went to the old site of the Yunnan Mosque in Mae Sai to eat sweet buns (tangbao). After the Yunnan Mosque moved to its new location in 1975, the old site remained mosque property, and the storefronts along the street still sell snacks. We ate brown sugar and perilla seed-filled sweet buns (tangbao) at a Hui Muslim shop in the middle of the street, and we drank tea and chatted with everyone for a while. Also, the shop next door run by a South Asian friend (dosti) selling roti flatbread is doing very well.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xeagd2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r0v7en.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iqdbe1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1oufyj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ea25xk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eixla4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n4z40l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lf2heb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hwjkkp.jpg)
+
+After breakfast, we arrived at Zhenguang School on the outskirts of Mae Sai. This is a school founded by Hui Muslims specifically to train hafiz. The students here include not only local Muslims but also many from other parts of Thailand and even China. It was summer break when we visited, so the students were away. Only the cows being prepared for Eid al-Adha and the chickens the students usually eat were wandering leisurely around the courtyard. The environment here is truly wonderful. Surrounded by endless rice fields and far from the noise of the city, it is a perfect place to focus on studies.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7pwnam.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3xivbj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ht8bk0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bj8ura.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9ebj4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gjrqpg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l9cvqa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i90ak7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u9p66n.jpg)
+
+**Golden Triangle**
+
+Leaving Zhenguang School, we went to the border where Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar meet, which is the famous Golden Triangle. Standing on the banks of the Mekong River, you can see casinos in Myanmar and Laos on the opposite side. Since gambling is banned in Thailand, there is only a Golden Triangle Park here, where many tourists stop to take photos.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e0ik88.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rsnl3f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/riyyc0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l4vhu3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wxbygj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b6odgl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rgbt4q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y7rle3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/skdjyd.jpg)
+
+**Chiang Rai**
+
+Leaving the Golden Triangle, we headed toward Chiang Rai city. We first visited a South Asian Fatima Pakuk mosque near the Chiang Rai airport. Although it looks like a residential courtyard from the outside, it is decorated very beautifully once you step inside. It is very interesting that there is a large treehouse at the mosque entrance. This is my first time seeing a treehouse inside a mosque, a sight you only find in tropical regions.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gif4kc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/msindo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4rcfw2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tai34j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/78dt5g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xrsdge.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a54567.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/48knrx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/52ly9g.jpg)
+
+I visited two other South Asian mosques in Chiang Rai city; one is black and one is white, both clean and tidy. The black one was built by Pakistani descendants, and it is really rare to see a black mosque around here. Both mosques have lounge chairs on the front porch of the main hall. It feels so comfortable to lie there and catch the breeze.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tvn48u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4brjiy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e87nxi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hi6s9k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aratke.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ds9st7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ncekct.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6aaqlp.jpg)
+
+There are mango trees everywhere in Chiang Rai. Inside the Pakistani mosque, you can look up and see green mangoes filling the trees. We bought a bag of sliced green mangoes on the street. Dipping them in dry seasoning is delicious, crisp, and tasty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c6g8tu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bpk4ao.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ocq01p.jpg)
+
+We arrived in downtown Chiang Rai and found a halal stall specializing in various spicy sauces. The variety of spicy sauces in Thai food is amazing. They are mostly sweet and spicy, which I quite enjoy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6d0811.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8nilqr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8m0v4e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a9dgh8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/01bkor.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/at582y.jpg)
+
+At noon, we had lunch at the largest Yunnan Hui Muslim restaurant in Chiang Rai city. The restaurant is called Yunnan Restaurant. The owner's surname is Na, and his ancestral home is Guanyi in Jianshui. The founder of the restaurant was surnamed Ma, who was owner Na's father-in-law. He spent 50 years preparing Yunnan halal banquets in Northern Thailand. Most Yunnan Hui Muslims in Northern Thailand, including our chartered driver Master Ma, have eaten at owner Ma's banquets and helped out in the kitchen. Owner Ma had two daughters who both married two brothers. Both sons-in-law inherited owner Ma's business, running two Yunnan restaurants in Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai respectively. The one we ate at in Chiang Rai is run by the younger brother.
+
+The restaurant menu has Chinese, which makes ordering very convenient. We ordered stir-fried squid with red curry paste, stir-fried morning glory, fried fish with three kinds of sauces, and stir-fried beef with ginger strips. Hui Muslims here have kept traditional Yunnan halal food but added many Thai spices and cooking methods. They have developed a unique style of Northern Thai Yunnan halal cuisine that tastes different from the halal food we ate in Yunnan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ke5o1b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hhha4w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hojvr0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5z7377.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wogbdb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ia2li.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xi6jf6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mp8pui.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9sq9uv.jpg)
+
+We arrived at the Yunnan mosque (lishen) in Chiang Rai city, and the elders at the mosque greeted us warmly.
+
+Although the total number of Hui Muslims in Chiang Rai city is much smaller than in Chiang Mai or Mae Sai, this was an important hub for the Yunnan Hui Muslim horse caravans trading in Northern Thailand. It is the oldest existing Yunnan mosque in Northern Thailand.
+
+The Chiang Rai Yunnan mosque was built in 1910, seven years earlier than the Chiang Mai Wang He mosque built in 1917. The current building was rebuilt in 2009 and is the largest of all the Yunnan mosques in Northern Thailand. The dome in the center of the mosque is in Mughal style, and the tops of the minarets on both sides are Chinese-style pavilions. This represents the harmony between South Asian Muslims and Chinese Muslims in Northern Thailand. The entrance to the main hall has the words 'Gate of Ritual' and 'Path of Etiquette' written on it, along with a couplet that reads: 'Quiet mosque, quiet place, quiet thoughts, silently praise Allah; pure heart, pure origin, pure worship, purely follow the scriptures.' In front of the main hall door is a grandfather clock donated to the mosque by Mr. Mu Yufu, inscribed with the words 'Promote the Righteous Path'.
+
+The first floor of the mosque is engraved with the names of those who donated to the reconstruction. Among them, 196 people are from Yunnan, many of whom are from Najiaying, Tonghai, and Menghai.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3upfn6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1163tl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nwemhg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/40vuxn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e8o7sg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xe3pxk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6zmaum.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/81d41p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/as09gi.jpg)
+
+The alley and snack stalls at the entrance of the Chiang Rai Yunnan mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dx68eh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dw9eup.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ksc1nb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cwue6n.jpg)
+
+On the way from Chiang Rai to Chiang Mai, you will pass the Chiang Rai hot springs, where many people stop to take a break. The hot springs here are right by the side of the road, and you do not need to buy a ticket. There are springs of various temperatures. The hottest ones gush out like boiling water, and you can boil chicken eggs and quail eggs in them, which children really enjoy. You can soak your feet in the cooler springs. The water temperature drops as it flows from the source, so it is very comfortable to find a spot with the perfect temperature and soak for a while.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n92nnq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cwue6n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hhxlb5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x605g1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i7wscl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n8h0np.jpg)
+
+**Back to Chiang Mai.**
+
+At noon, we returned to the Chiang Mai Wang He mosque (lishen) and then walked around the shops at the entrance. This shop is run by the daughter of Mustafa, the grand imam of the Nurul mosque in Chiang Mai. I bought CDs and hats here back in 2017. This time, Zainab bought a beautiful long dress made from local fabric that is very high quality. We took some lovely photos in it in Bangkok.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jpv87b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/94i61t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xlq80w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ak7r1g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nhoqdd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4pzpd6.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Northern_Thailand___Yunnan_Style_Mosques_and_Hui_Muslims.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Northern_Thailand___Yunnan_Style_Mosques_and_Hui_Muslims.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aa64c81f0c3b20614a92ec3092743c3dfd0ccd98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Northern_Thailand___Yunnan_Style_Mosques_and_Hui_Muslims.md
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Northern Thailand — Yunnan-Style Mosques and Hui Muslims"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2271"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2271"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:58Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "ea6a6b82fbe3e33a9f8d87f6f3bd6ae3b76002dc270d3b2afc968ba3e9393f5b"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Northern Thailand — Yunnan-Style Mosques and Hui Muslims
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Northern Thailand — Yunnan-Style Mosques and Hui Muslims is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: During the May Day holiday in 2023, I traveled to Thailand. A key part of my trip was visiting the mosques (si-fang) of the Yunnanese Hui Muslims in Northern Thailand. The account keeps its focus on Northern Thailand, Yunnan Mosques, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+During the May Day holiday in 2023, I traveled to Thailand. A key part of my trip was visiting the mosques (si-fang) of the Yunnanese Hui Muslims in Northern Thailand. I visited Chiang Mai in 2017 and went to four mosques in the city, where I also caught the lively Friday market (Jumu'ah bazaar). I am very grateful that this time we connected with Ma Ruqi, a local Yunnanese Hui Muslim driver in Northern Thailand. He will drive us on a tour of the Yunnanese mosques in the region.
+
+Master Ma is a third-generation Yunnanese Hui Muslim immigrant. His grandparents came from Yunnan to Northern Myanmar for business in the early 20th century and later settled there. After the military government took power in Myanmar in 1962, they closed the borders and the economy stalled. Master Ma's parents then moved from Northern Myanmar to settle in Santikhiri (Manxingdie) in Northern Thailand. Santikhiri is located on a transport route along the Thai-Myanmar border and was once the base for the drug lord Khun Sa. Master Ma was born there. Master Ma's family lived in Santikhiri until 1996, when they moved to the Thai-Myanmar border city of Mae Sai at the foot of the mountain. Master Ma lived in Taiwan for nearly twenty years, where he married and had children. However, he felt that life in Taiwan did not suit his habits as well as Thailand, so he eventually returned.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1hgnog.jpg)
+
+We arrived in Chiang Mai on the afternoon of April 30. Master Ma took us to a restaurant in the Chang Khlan mosque neighborhood to eat Northern Thai curry noodles (khao soi) and Thai-style chicken rice (khao mok gai). They also served tamarind juice and roselle juice.
+
+Master Ma explained that the owner of this shop is of Pakistani descent and has lived in Chiang Mai for five generations. The grandmother in the picture is from the third generation. Her descendants have married local Thai people and are fully integrated into Thai society.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ntq39e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/25lezw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4qjvlx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ceb1q1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qsulmo.jpg)
+
+Northern Thai curry noodles are the most famous yellow egg noodles in Chiang Mai. Research suggests they were created when the Shan people from Northern Myanmar migrated to Chiang Mai and combined their food culture with that of the Yunnanese Hui Muslims. The dish contains both fried egg noodles and boiled egg noodles; the fried ones are sprinkled on top, while the boiled ones are in the soup. The soup is like a mild yellow curry. It uses turmeric, ginger, coconut milk, soy sauce, and palm sugar. When eating, you add pickled mustard greens, lime, and shallots.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kwilq2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7fgd65.jpg)
+
+Thai-style chicken rice (khao mok gai) was formed when South Asian Muslims brought the method of making South Asian biryani rice to Thailand and blended it with local spices, resulting in a lighter flavor. To make it, you marinate the chicken overnight in yogurt, turmeric, and various spices. Then, you fry the chicken until golden brown, add stewing spices, and cook it with the rice. It is served with cucumber, Thai sweet chili sauce, and a bowl of chicken soup.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l1k2x5.jpg)
+
+Besides South Asian and Malay residents, a few Hui Muslim families from Yunnan also live in the Chang Khlan mosque neighborhood. The owner of the grocery store across from the mosque is a relative of Master Ma. It is fascinating to hear them chat, switching seamlessly between Thai, Yunnan dialect, and Mandarin.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/irf6aa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iab4i7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dw6k8a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zy0oiw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pu24xq.jpg)
+
+Due to the unstable situation in Myanmar in recent years, some Burmese Muslims have also moved to the Chang Khlan mosque neighborhood to live. We happened to run into some young Burmese Muslim men buying drinks at the grocery store. On Chang Khlan Road next to the mosque, there is a row of halal snack shops mostly run by Burmese Muslims. They love to chew betel nut, and the women apply a paste made from ground yellow wood branches and water called thanaka to their faces to prevent mosquito bites and cool down.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/peoz9c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jazt2f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wvt6p3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l4n8zb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/14vcn1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p0g53w.jpg)
+
+We visited the center of the Chang Khlan mosque neighborhood in Chiang Mai, Thailand—the Chang Khlan Mosque. The Chang Khlan mosque neighborhood is mainly made up of South Asian and Malay Muslims. Between 1826 and 1885, Britain gradually incorporated Myanmar into British India. During this period, South Asian Muslims under British Indian rule continuously traveled to Myanmar to make a living, and they arrived in Chiang Mai to settle in the mid-19th century. From 1891 to 1895, the Pahang Uprising occurred on the Malay Peninsula. The rebel army eventually failed and retreated into Siam, and some Malay Muslims were exiled to Chiang Mai. They intermarried with the local South Asian Muslims, and their descendants speak Thai and have integrated into Thai society. After the 20th century, the Thai people's name for these Thai-speaking Muslims gradually changed from Khaek (foreigner) to Thai-Islam (Thai Muslim).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zkx5ol.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/beje4v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8oulvu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b9gt42.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t5hr3w.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xir0xs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t1zozc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/alfgd7.jpg)
+
+In the afternoon, we went from Chang Khlan Mosque to Ban Ho Mosque. We first looked at the old house of Haji Zheng Chonglin across from Ban Ho Mosque, which is the most important historical site for Hui Muslims in Chiang Mai. Every Friday morning, a lively Jumu'ah bazaar is held in the courtyard of the old house, but it is quite quiet at other times.
+
+During this visit, I discovered a new information board in the courtyard that introduces people of Yunnan descent and the Ho (Hò) people in Thai and English. People say when Yunnan horse caravans first communicated with locals in Northern Thailand, they often answered with 'hao, hao' (good, good). The locals used 'Ho' to refer to these Yunnan horse caravan merchants, and it later became the name for all people of Yunnan descent in Northern Thailand.
+
+In the 19th century, Yunnan horse caravans controlled the trade route from Yunnan through Northern Myanmar to Northern Thailand. They transported tea, silk, hardware, and copperware to Northern Thailand and brought cotton and tobacco back to Yunnan. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, King Rama V of Thailand vigorously developed the economy, which led many Hui Muslim horse caravans to come to Chiang Mai. In 1904, Zheng Chonglin, a caravan merchant from Yuxi, Yunnan, and a descendant of Zheng He, established the Da Ma Dian (Big Horse Inn) east of Chiang Mai city, which became the main base for Yunnanese caravans in Chiang Mai. Many Yunnanese Hui Muslims from the caravans came to live near the inn, and the Wang He community began to form.
+
+Zheng Chonglin was born in 1884 in Daying, Yuxi, Yunnan, and followed his elders in the caravan trade between Yunnan, Thailand, and Myanmar from a young age. He was once commissioned by King Rama VI of Thailand to organize a caravan team in northern Thailand, taking on the transport of all supplies for the railway construction from Bangkok to Lampang. In 1910, when the site for Chiang Mai Airport was chosen, it was the horse farm that the Yunnanese caravans had jointly purchased and used for many years. Zheng Chonglin donated the land on behalf of the Yunnanese caravans, and it is now Thailand's second-largest international airport. Because of his great contributions to Thailand, King Rama VI bestowed the first-rank title of Khun (Tang Kun) upon Zheng Chonglin in 1914, making him the leader of the Yunnanese community in northern Thailand. He married Nu, the daughter of a local chieftain in Tak Province, and they had five sons and five daughters. In 1967, Zheng Chonglin went on the Hajj and passed away peacefully in Mecca at the age of 83.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zo9zbs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r086sw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1lollx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ogvcnt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fugef7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2t1bzv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uf0rvu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pm0h3f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2f6god.jpg)
+
+At the Wang He Mosque (Wang He Si) in Chiang Mai, many of the elders here can speak Mandarin and the Yunnan dialect, and the mihrab features traditional Yunnan-style Arabic calligraphy.
+
+In the early 20th century, Zheng Chonglin was rewarded by the Chiang Mai chieftain with a piece of land east of Chiang Mai city, where he built his residence, the Zheng Mansion (Zheng Fu). In 1907, Zheng Chonglin built a prayer room at the Zheng Mansion, and many Yunnanese Hui Muslims in Chiang Mai would come to the mansion for their worship. In 1917, led by Zheng Chonglin, everyone pooled their money to buy the land opposite the Zheng Mansion and built the Wang He Mosque.
+
+During the 1950s and 1960s, many Yunnanese Hui Muslims arrived in Chiang Mai to settle, and the number of congregants at the Wang He Mosque increased significantly. In 1966, three Hajjis—Hu Ranmao, Ma Ruqi, and Ma Wanzhang—led the effort to rebuild the Wang He Mosque into the current reinforced concrete structure.
+
+Ma Ruqi was the owner of the Ma Ruqi Courtyard in Donglianhua Village, Weishan, Dali. He settled in Chiang Mai after 1954, worked in the local specialty trade, was passionate about public welfare, and was appointed president of the Thai-Chinese Chamber of Commerce in 1974. Today, Ma Ruqi's descendants in Dali still live in the Ma Ruqi Courtyard and have opened a restaurant and guesthouse. I highly recommend visiting to experience it; you can refer to my record from earlier this year, 'The Three Hui Muslim Caravan Courtyards in Donglianhua Village, Weishan, Dali'.
+
+Hu Ranmao was an important leader of the Wang He Mosque community after Zheng Chonglin. He was born in 1914 in Xiaoweigeng Village, Weishan, Dali, and served as the principal of his hometown's Muguang School in 1934. He worked in the horse caravan trade between Thailand and Myanmar in the 1940s and settled in Chiang Mai in 1953. In the 1970s, he helped found the Chiang Mai Islamic Committee and served two consecutive terms as its chairman. During his lifetime, Hu Ranmao was received by the King of Thailand many times and was honored with the royal title of Yong Fooanant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yn7nrf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a1c15o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qfeswo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yjw89r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n8uise.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hhk7fj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uxipm0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eaworh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/odgw0t.jpg)
+
+In the afternoon, I went to the night market at Tha Phae Gate in Chiang Mai. A cultural event was happening in front of Tha Phae Gate, where I saw a performance of the local Chiang Mai victory drum (desheng gu).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/boc3pw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/32lqhr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z354z6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/280by0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7pk4v5.jpg)
+
+Then I went to Chiang Mai's second Yunnan-style mosque, Masjid Attaqwa, located in the San Pa Khoi area east of the Ping River. Many Yunnan Hui Muslims came to Chiang Mai via northern Myanmar in the 1950s and 1960s. As the original Wang He Mosque became crowded, Haji Hu Ranmao led the construction of Masjid Attaqwa to the east of Wang He in 1970. The mihrab inside Masjid Attaqwa features traditional Yunnan-style Arabic calligraphy, and the cartoons drawn by the children in the weekend class are very cute.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/106u6v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c0a2re.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i8eq95.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/22i8ol.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rfflhp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ly1ukz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tfrxoq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7usrrn.jpg)
+
+There are several Yunnan snack shops at the mosque entrance. In 2017, I ate authentic Yunnan pea jelly (wandoufen) here. This time, I saw a new restaurant that says 'Yunnan Banlong Wanyang Muslim Home Cooking'. Banlong is located in the Wa Mountains of the Kokang region in northern Myanmar. It is a community formed in the 1870s after General Ma Linyu of Du Wenxiu's army led his troops there and were taken in by the Wa tribe. It was later renamed 'Bannong'. Wanyang is a village established in the 1950s after the 93rd Division of the Nationalist Army moved to northern Thailand.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fpktxx.jpg)
+
+Opposite Masjid Attaqwa is Attaqwa School, the most important Islamic school in Chiang Mai and northern Thailand. Our driver, Mr. Ma, is a graduate of this school. It was summer vacation in May, so most teachers and students were away. We met a teacher who stayed at the school and gave a donation (nietie) to the school. According to Mr. Ma, this teacher is a Malay from southern Thailand and a graduate of the Islamic University of Madinah, and he is a very skilled teacher.
+
+Attaqwa School was initiated by Haji Hu Ranmao in the 1960s and opened in 1970. It teaches Arabic, the Quran and Hadith, and religious knowledge, while providing free food and housing. When Attaqwa School was first established, most students were local Yunnan Hui Muslims from Chiang Mai. Later, because of its high teaching standards and free food and housing, it attracted Muslims from all over northern Thailand, southern Thailand, and Myanmar to study there. For half a century, Jingzhen School has played a vital role in the development of the faith in Thailand. It is a major reason why young and middle-aged Hui Muslims in northern Thailand can still hold fast to their faith today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2qli56.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ot8vft.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oebcyz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/631lsq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rj9wzf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jmxl60.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b5eegt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/swb0k1.jpg)
+
+In the evening, we performed the evening prayer (namaz) at Nurul Mosque, located outside the White Elephant Gate (Chang Phuak Gate) in northern Chiang Mai. When I visited Chiang Mai in 2017, the mosque was being rebuilt, and now the new building is just finished. We met Grand Imam Mustafa here. He was the teacher of Master Ma when he attended Jingzhen School 30 years ago. He is highly respected throughout the entire Muslim community in Chiang Mai. Grand Imam Mustafa's daughter runs an Islamic bookstore at the entrance of Wang He Mosque. We visited it before we left, and I will share more about it later.
+
+Like the Chang Khlan Mosque community, the Nurul Mosque community is a South Asian one. Many ancestors of the Haw Muslims (gaomu) came from Bangladesh. They arrived in Chiang Mai via Myanmar to trade during the British India period in the 19th century and later made a living by raising cattle. During the Partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, more Bengali Muslims moved here to escape the chaos. After the 1960s, Chiang Mai banned cattle from entering the city. Some Haw Muslims moved to the Chang Khlan Mosque community, which is further from the old city. Because of this, the number of Haw Muslims at Nurul Mosque is now the smallest among the four mosque communities in downtown Chiang Mai.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l8o4b1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ej823h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4myg2y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wbsvhu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dj1k1j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2b2cp1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pq09o4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sv5t7w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vmv33g.jpg)
+
+We had dinner at a Yunnan-style restaurant next to Wang He Mosque. The restaurant is owned by Na Zhongwei, a board member of Wang He Mosque, and the building itself is property of the mosque. Although the Yunnan restaurant has been open for many years, it only moved to its current location recently. It is very convenient to eat there after visiting Wang He Mosque.
+
+We ordered stir-fried holy basil beef (dapao niurou), steamed sea bass, pumpkin tips, and stir-fried tofu puffs. You can choose the portion size for dishes here, and some even come in small, medium, or large sizes, which is perfect for tourists. Hui Muslims from Yunnan have lived in Chiang Mai for over a hundred years, and their tastes have changed. For example, the sour and spicy levels are much stronger than what you would find in Yunnan. In Yunnan, a purely vegetarian dish like pumpkin tips usually wouldn't have chili, but in Thailand, they definitely add chili to it.
+
+Besides being a bit spicy, I really love the food of the Yunnan Hui Muslims in Thailand. I especially love the stir-fried holy basil beef; it goes so well with rice. Holy basil (dapao) is also known as sacred basil. It is native to South Asia and widely grown in the tropical regions of Southeast Asia. Stir-frying meat with holy basil leaves is a famous Thai dish. This tofu stir-fried in a sour and spicy sauce is also delicious. The balance of sour, sweet, and spicy is just right.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l59829.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r8q1mj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w6xec6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fguxrf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xask1a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9wo9j6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nu98bm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tyah4a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fo9vt4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bijh5v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t2zyzd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/60k9k5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m6bktv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2pu7ul.jpg)
+
+Then, on Chang Khlan Road, we found an Emirati restaurant. It had a sign in Chinese that read 'Arabic food, Indian food, Chinese food, Italian food.' It is the most 'Maritime Silk Road' restaurant I have ever seen, haha.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8m03m0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8v5wt4.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Old_Delhi___Muslim_Communities__Streets_and_Food__Part_1.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Old_Delhi___Muslim_Communities__Streets_and_Food__Part_1.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4412fb18428e685a862aaceb468dd292e11d9ddd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Old_Delhi___Muslim_Communities__Streets_and_Food__Part_1.md
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Old Delhi — Muslim Communities, Streets and Food (Part 1)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1968"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1968"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:56Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "229366628ed152c95c17b3e8e28c59eb8df3afc967e10b5aaa00f94e410747fd"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Old Delhi — Muslim Communities, Streets and Food (Part 1)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Old Delhi — Muslim Communities, Streets and Food is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Jama Masjid sits in the south-central part of Shahjahanabad, the seventh historical city of Delhi. It is the largest mosque in Delhi and once served as the main Friday mosque for the Mughal Empire. The account keeps its focus on Old Delhi, Hui Muslims, Muslim Heritage while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+**Jama Masjid**
+
+Jama Masjid sits in the south-central part of Shahjahanabad, the seventh historical city of Delhi. It is the largest mosque in Delhi and once served as the main Friday mosque for the Mughal Empire.
+
+The Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, who also built the Taj Mahal, ordered the construction of Jama Masjid between 1650 and 1656. In 1638, before this, Shah Jahan decided to move his capital from Agra, where the Taj Mahal is, to Delhi. He immediately started building a city named after himself, Shahjahanabad, in the north of Delhi. The Jama Mosque was a key part of this city.
+
+Shah Jahan’s prime minister (wazir), Saadullah Khan, led more than 5,000 workers to build the Jama Mosque. It cost over 1 million rupees. The mosque stands on a high platform over 9 meters above the ground. It is built from red sandstone and marble, featuring a main prayer hall connected by covered walkways, two 40-meter-tall minarets, and three main gates. The east gate was reserved for the Mughal royal family. A path connects it directly to the Delhi Gate of the Red Fort, where the royals lived.
+
+In 1857, the Indian rebellion against the British East India Company broke out. The British then seized the Jama Mosque and stationed troops inside. They originally planned to tear down the mosque, but they failed because of strong opposition. However, the religious school (Madrasa) on the south side of the mosque was destroyed as a result.
+
+Exterior of the main prayer hall:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p0zkd9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kxnuk6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yswd3z.jpg)
+
+Inside the main prayer hall:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rh2k4s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/raeqni.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/50rug7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pzpr4y.jpg)
+
+The mihrab sits in the center of the main hall to show the direction of prayer toward Mecca.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v1orxd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pt2nuv.jpg)
+
+Besides the main mihrab in the center, there is a smaller mihrab on each side.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c2qt4k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dyv1xw.jpg)
+
+There are four towers, one at each corner of the veranda.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ydar8d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kng5c4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/66vz7e.jpg)
+
+Three main gates:
+
+The East Gate is the main entrance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0wyqh1.jpg)
+
+South Gate:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1dnyt8.jpg)
+
+North Gate:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8vejdw.jpg)
+
+Inside the East Gate:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/izygt9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0vox1m.jpg)
+
+The pool for ritual washing (wudu) in the courtyard:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e37ajn.jpg)
+
+**The Friday congregational prayer (Jumu'ah) at the Jama Mosque.**
+
+When used alone, the word Jama translates to Jumu'ah, which means the Friday congregational prayer. A Jumu'ah mosque is usually the largest one in the community, where Muslims gather every Friday at noon for the most important prayer of the week. I was lucky enough to attend a Friday Jumu'ah prayer at the Jama Mosque.
+
+On Friday morning, more prayer rugs were already laid out in the courtyard.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/09mdmm.jpg)
+
+People are performing wudu before the Friday namaz.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pc3qey.jpg)
+
+**The crowd is getting bigger.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e9j35a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hgd795.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yane3e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/501kct.jpg)
+
+**People praying inside the main gate archway.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nxm2gf.jpg)
+
+People taking photos after finishing their namaz.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cgig94.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ua8l0k.jpg)
+
+People eating fruit outside the north gate of the mosque after namaz.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9s3k04.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4143k5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cij3k7.jpg)
+
+**The Jama Masjid Muslim community.**
+
+After the Jama Masjid was built, Muslims kept moving in to live around the mosque. By the mid-17th century, the Jama Masjid Muslim community had formed.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1dssks.jpg)
+
+The Jama Masjid Muslim community in 1852, from Wikipedia.
+
+During the Mughal Empire, Muslims lived in a large area surrounding the Jama Masjid. However, things changed after the 1857 Indian Rebellion when the British took over the Jama Masjid for a military camp and cleared out all the nearby bazaars. Later, during the 1947 partition of India and Pakistan, many Delhi Muslims moved to Pakistan. Today, the areas west and north of the Jama Masjid are entirely Hindu communities. The Muslim community is now limited to the area outside the south and east gates of the mosque in the southeastern part of the old city.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rr0cmc.jpg)
+
+The Muslim community around Jama Mosque has four main roads, each leading to one of the community's four primary bazaars: Urdu Bazaar, Matia Mahal Bazaar, Chitli Qabar Bazaar, and Meena Bazaar. I will introduce these four bazaars one by one.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xify7p.jpg)
+
+**Urdu Bazaar**
+
+Urdu Bazaar is located on the south side of the street that stretches east from the south gate of Jama Mosque. This place was once a famous market for Urdu language books during the Mughal era.
+
+The word "Urdu" comes from the Turkic word "ordu," meaning army. During the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire, many Persianized Turkic Muslims from Central Asia and Afghanistan moved to North India. They used Persian as their official and literary language, Chagatai Turkic for daily life, and Arabic for religion. All three languages had a major impact on the local Hindustani language. This version of Hindustani, which included loanwords from Persian, Chagatai Turkic, and Arabic, slowly developed into what we now call Urdu.
+
+From the 13th century until the end of the 18th century, both Urdu and Hindi were called Hindustani, and they were basically the same in spoken form. After the British replaced the Mughal Empire to rule India in the 19th century, Urdu and English replaced Persian as the official languages of India in 1837. Hindus resisted this language because it was written in the Persian script. They believed their language had to be written in the Devanagari script, which belongs to the Sanskrit system. In 1881, Bihar became the first state to replace Hindustani with Hindi, written in the Devanagari script, as its official language. This move started the divide between Muslim Urdu and Hindu Hindi.
+
+After this, Indian Muslims removed Sanskrit loanwords from Urdu, while Hindus removed Arabic and Persian loanwords from Hindi. This created two written languages that were even more different from each other. Choosing to use Urdu or Hindi became a way for people to show their religious and cultural identity.
+
+As the capital of the Mughal Empire, the area around the Jama Mosque was once home to many Urdu-speaking scholars and upper-class families. It slowly became the largest market for Urdu books in Delhi. In 1857, the British seized the Jama Mosque and cleared out the bazaar. The Urdu Bazaar disappeared for a time, but it slowly recovered later. After the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, many well-educated Urdu speakers near Jama Mosque moved to Pakistan, which dealt another blow to Urdu Bazaar.
+
+Today, only a few Urdu bookstores remain in Urdu Bazaar, while most of the area is now taken over by long-distance bus stations, kebab shops, and various food stalls. Every night, the place is packed with rickshaws and is very lively.
+
+On the right is one of the few remaining Urdu bookstores.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k0m9kf.jpg)
+
+I bought a hat at this shop, and there is another Urdu bookstore to its left.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5zjm5q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8bkirv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fty8qq.jpg)
+
+Another hat shop, where many of the hats come from Pakistan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fv4szf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6tofcq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gaezqt.jpg)
+
+**The man making flatbread (roti).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iennd5.jpg)
+
+**The young man squeezing orange juice.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n7gb9h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3qksfy.jpg)
+
+This betel nut powder wrapped in a leaf is called paan, and it is addictive.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bmq9qo.jpg)
+
+**Late-night fried chicken.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fwl487.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0jgps8.jpg)
+
+**Various desserts**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2ik17r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/op9wei.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/me5hb6.jpg)
+
+**A type of rice pudding**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jll7sr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ab656z.jpg)
+
+**Long-distance bus station signs in Urdu**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5drzfy.jpg)
+
+Urdu Bazaar also has some Kashmiri restaurants. You can clearly see the difference in appearance between these Kashmiris and the local Hui Muslims.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2aac3w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/se9t9b.jpg)
+
+**For breakfast at a Kashmiri restaurant, I had bread and eggs with spiced tea (Masala chai).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0nee8n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vytbbq.jpg)
+
+In the small alleys south of Urdu Bazaar, many bookstores still sell religious books in Urdu. It feels like a different world compared to the noisy Urdu Bazaar.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j8qygo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iiyvbg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vdho5e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h1miqj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iflzot.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5maibm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fsj3yf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h8fjh7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vidptg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uxjhxs.jpg)
+
+**Matia Mahal Bazaar**
+
+Matia Mahal Bazaar sits right across from the south gate of Jama Mosque and is the main street for halal food in the community.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4g5ccu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zxttkx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fkk133.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vmmn85.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7snp57.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x63z83.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uqc6ez.jpg)
+
+For street breakfast, drink spiced tea (Masala chai) and eat bread and desserts.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1lql5m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a6h0va.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9cg0ki.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5oclgl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/05lv9b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yz84s3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ccatyj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/op389l.jpg)
+
+Karim, the most famous restaurant in the Jama Mosque Muslim community, serves delicious slow-cooked meat stew (nahari) with flatbread (naan).
+
+The family that runs Karim has lived in Delhi since the Mughal Empire. They were forced to leave after the 1857 uprising, but Karimuddin returned to Delhi in 1911 and opened Karim across from the Jama Mosque in 1913, which has now been open for over a hundred years.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vb2u68.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2zfmba.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u3xqib.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7avasn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gxq56d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/msfnni.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/759k49.jpg)
+
+**Another naan bread shop.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x2i2wj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zwqksj.jpg)
+
+**I ate chicken biryani rice here.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xrnhyq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a0n2f0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rwtux3.jpg)
+
+**This dessert shop opened in 1980.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oqqj04.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6d7e6g.jpg)
+
+**Rice pudding (kheer).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bn52sc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0z921n.jpg)
+
+**Matia Mahal Bazaar looks completely different at night.**
+
+I bought a potato-filled fried pastry (samosa) here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rwz091.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ssvtso.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2unqnf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i1hf7p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4m9vzy.jpg)
+
+**I ate roasted chicken at this place.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/58vi31.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yplz3c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jwvdsu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t1ss2a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k89ny2.jpg)
+
+**Chitli Qabar Bazaar.**
+
+During the Mughal Empire, this street was famous for chittai (carving text and patterns on tableware). Later, locals mixed the word chittai with the nearby Chitla Gate to create the name Chitli.
+
+Qabar comes from the 1857 Indian Rebellion. At that time, the British killed several respected elders here, and some were buried nearby. That is how grave (qabar) became the second half of this place name.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yl5i39.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ucw5l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wl5sr0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ya7hql.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p62poj.jpg)
+
+Various fruit juices:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/da6fw7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b52dkr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/alepw6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uwi3pz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s37ktz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r2g71k.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Qinghai___Ping_an__Xunhua_and_Xining_Muslim_Heritage__Part_1.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Qinghai___Ping_an__Xunhua_and_Xining_Muslim_Heritage__Part_1.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..13098bf93cba033bc7bc31edf3e4ca123db276d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Qinghai___Ping_an__Xunhua_and_Xining_Muslim_Heritage__Part_1.md
@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Qinghai — Ping’an, Xunhua and Xining Muslim Heritage (Part 1)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2004"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2004"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:46Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "17b9ba7f42a21bc093019003d1050a13cbc112c2ea4cc2a52446a233fa6a6ae1"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Qinghai — Ping’an, Xunhua and Xining Muslim Heritage (Part 1)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Qinghai — Ping’an, Xunhua and Xining Muslim Heritage is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: During the 2021 Dragon Boat Festival, I visited Ping'an, Xunhua, and Xining in Qinghai. My main goal was to visit the traditional historical mosques and gongbei buildings there, and I gained a lot. The account keeps its focus on Qinghai Travel, Hui Muslims, China Mosques while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+During the 2021 Dragon Boat Festival, I visited Ping'an, Xunhua, and Xining in Qinghai. My main goal was to visit the traditional historical mosques and gongbei buildings there, and I gained a lot.
+
+**I stayed overnight at Ping'an Station (Ping'anyi).**
+
+I took a late flight to Xining Airport, then took a taxi to the Daqingzhen Kanguo Barbecue restaurant in the Ping'an District of Haidong to eat pan-roasted meat (kanguo). They have many types of pan-roasted meat, including lamb, tripe, intestines, and chicken. We had the pan-roasted lamb head and also ordered the wheat kernel porridge (mairen zhou), which is a must-have at Qinghai barbecue shops.
+
+The restaurant layout features small private rooms common in Qinghai town restaurants. Even for two people, you can pull the curtain for privacy, which feels quite nice. After ordering, they brought out free pickles, radishes, mung bean jelly (liangfen), and boiled tea (aocha). The servers were very friendly. I had a few bites of the jelly and some tea, and then the pan-roasted meat arrived. Besides a whole lamb head, it came with potatoes, corn, and vermicelli, so we didn't really need to order any staple food. I finished with a bowl of wheat kernel porridge and felt very satisfied.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0rtffr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/09ri9r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sypjzc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y4mqag.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xaiy5g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b9p07v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dm5o7l.jpg)
+
+The next day, I had lamb offal soup (yangzasui) with flatbread (bingzi) at the Shalihai Lamb Offal shop on the main street of Ping'an, Haidong. Across the street is the Ping'an food street, Ping'anfang Pedestrian Street. I bought some handmade yogurt at the Hongshuiquan Starch Jelly (niangpi) shop inside. Hongshuiquan is where the most famous Hongshuiquan Great Mosque in Haidong is located.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0mqilo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/97z0n6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/73vmrp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tu34cw.jpg)
+
+**The Upper and Lower Gongbei of Shangma Family in Bazanggou.**
+
+I took a Didi taxi from Ping'an to the famous Upper and Lower Gongbei of the Shangma family in Bazanggou, Haidong. The Upper Gongbei of the Shangma family is on the peak of Woniu Mountain, so it is also called Woniu Mountain Gongbei. It is the tomb of Ma Diangong (1643-1715), a leader of the Khufiyya Sufi order (menhuan).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p48sde.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2wrbq8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jatta7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bf9o2o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vtjnzf.jpg)
+
+The Lower Gongbei of the Shangma family in Bazanggou is the tomb of Xian Chengde (known as Chuanli Taiye), the third-generation sheikh of the Khufiyya Xianmen menhuan. Xian Chengde built this gongbei during the Jiaqing reign. Shortly after it was completed in 1812, he passed away (returned to Allah), and his followers buried him there. In 1895, the fifth-generation sheikh of the Xianmen, Xian Linyuan, also passed away and was buried in the Lower Gongbei.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/92ixch.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vewrl5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5vpcx2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/afr86z.jpg)
+
+We were warmly received at the Lower Gongbei of Shangmazhuang and were given fried dough (youxiang) and clear-stewed meat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/afng2j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dq382g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0p7jsc.jpg)
+
+**Yangulu Gongbei.**
+
+At noon, I chartered a car from Ping'an District, Haidong, to the famous Yangulu Gongbei in Xunhua. After a two-hour drive, we crossed the mountains from the Huangshui Valley into the Yellow River Valley and arrived at the Gongboxia Dam pier. When we reached the pier, a boat was about to depart. It carried a large family of Hui Muslims from Linxia who were visiting the gongbei, and we took the boat together to the gongbei pier.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i037db.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4doxcb.jpg)
+
+To get from the pier to the gongbei, you have to walk along a mountain path by the Yellow River, but it has been widened in recent years and is much easier to walk than before.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bf0n4q.jpg)
+
+At the end of the mountain road, there are over 30 houses built in 1985 with community funds to provide food, lodging, and rest for those visiting the gongbei. We performed wudu (abudaisi) here, listened to the advice of the Salar uncle who guards the gongbei, and prepared to head toward the cliff leading to the shrine.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cfm9ft.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hmpc5w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4jgx2o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e4izzd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9fv5me.jpg)
+
+After crossing the final stone threshold, we reached three rest pavilions built below the gongbei during the Guangxu reign. Not far above them stands the hexagonal, pointed-roof gongbei pavilion.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uz5lit.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lzwcet.jpg)
+
+Going down the mountain is actually much harder than going up because it is a vertical cliff. You cannot see the path at all, so you have to feel your way with your feet, step by step. It is often hard to find where to place your next step, and halfway down, my calves started shaking from the intense tension. In the end, it took us even longer to reach the foot of the mountain than it did to climb up.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mw8z3o.jpg)
+
+At the foot of the mountain, we were warmly welcomed by the Salar guardians of the gongbei. We ate delicious braised meat bowls (huiwan), steamed buns (momo), old-stock chicken (laotangji), and hand-grabbed lamb chops (shouzhuayangpai), and drank plenty of clear tea. The Yangulu Gongbei is currently guarded by four Salar families who have lived here for generations. Food and lodging are free for all believers who visit, and the income mainly comes from charitable donations (nietie).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ojfacm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fr4ows.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n7kvqc.jpg)
+
+After a full meal, we said goodbye to our warm Salar friends, returned to the pier, and took a boat to leave Yangulu.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ohpq8.jpg)
+
+**Xunhua County Town**
+
+In the evening, we traveled from Yangulu to Xunhua County town, bought some handmade yogurt with rapeseed oil, and then ate some Salar dry-mixed beef noodles.
+
+Here in Xunhua, even the beef noodle shops have small private rooms; the environment is really quite good. After ordering, they served meat broth and tea first, and we also ordered a platter of cold dishes. Besides the thread chili (xianlajiao), people in Xunhua also love eating tiger-skin chili (hupilajiao). While waiting for the bus earlier, I noticed the grandpas and grandmas shopping were all carrying a bag of tiger-skin chili. Dry-mixed noodles with meat sauce (roujiangganban) should be a specialty here in Qinghai. I had it before at a Salar restaurant in Beijing called A-Gong Noodle House, but this time it felt more authentic. The noodles were thin and chewy, the sauce was especially fragrant, and this meal cost less than twenty yuan, which is great value.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k6d88u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/998r2s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0la3h3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l67dmc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ticrqk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x7jogd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kv988w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sjdkt2.jpg)
+
+The Yellow River at the Xunhua section.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/94161c.jpg)
+
+In the morning, we had a bowl of beef noodles in Xunhua County town, then set off to visit the beautiful traditional Salar mosques.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w8z0nu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/paxqt5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kyj0dd.jpg)
+
+**Qingshuihedong Mosque**
+
+Qingshuihedong Mosque is the main mosque (haiyisi) of the Qingshui Gong of the Salar Eight Gongs. It was first built in 1425 and has been rebuilt many times throughout history.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uqd2sg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4f09yd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ta63i6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j83q44.jpg)
+
+**Mengda Mosque**
+
+Mengda Mosque is located in Dazhuang Village, Mengda Township, Xunhua, Qinghai. It was first built in 1408 (the sixth year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty) and expanded three times during the Qing Dynasty. It is the main mosque (haiyisi) of the Mengda Gong, one of the Salar Eight Gongs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u2an8x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o07bag.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iy2i2w.jpg)
+
+**The Yellow River at the Mengda section.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fsp9e0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o6azdu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fjfsbm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zt8nm4.jpg)
+
+**Tashapo Mosque**
+
+Tashapo Mosque was first built in 1480 (the sixteenth year of the Chenghua reign of the Ming Dynasty) and rebuilt in 1755 (the twentieth year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n38ez4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t6bqn5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3r2fbt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y46xdf.jpg)
+
+**Labian Mosque**
+
+Labian Mosque was first built during the Qianlong era. The main hall was rebuilt in 2015, leaving only the call-to-prayer tower (xuanlilou) and the two side gate towers as the original ancient structures.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ny110g.jpg)
+
+**Zhangga Mosque**
+
+Zhangga Mosque was first built in 1406 (the fourth year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty) and was rebuilt during the Qing Dynasty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fhe8cw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jttgwf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i17jxe.jpg)
+
+**Kewa Mosque**
+
+Kewa Mosque was first built in 1403 (the first year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty) and expanded during the Qing Dynasty. It is the main Friday mosque (jumuasi) for the Salar people's eight gong (gong) and nine man (man) groups.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k69mv8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n8caim.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fwiehv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pd521m.jpg)
+
+At Kewa Mosque, we were warmly welcomed by a Salar imam. He gave us a detailed introduction to the mosque and its wall paintings, and even cut up a melon for us to eat. I want to thank the imam here!
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6gd525.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7biea5.jpg)
+
+**Returning to the county town.**
+
+At noon, we ate stir-fried beef and dough paste (jiaotuan) at a Salar family farmhouse restaurant in the county town. Dough paste (jiaotuan) is made by stir-frying flour until cooked, boiling it with water, and then adding refined vegetable oil. It tastes very fragrant. In Xunhua, Salar family eateries are divided into tea restaurants and farmhouse restaurants. The tea restaurants have a wider variety of dishes, but if you want authentic Salar food, I recommend going to a farmhouse restaurant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rpaziy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/27atrc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qk6ggo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9rhvm0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kiy229.jpg)
+
+Then we went to the Jiezi Town fried dough twist (sanzi) market to buy Salar-style fried dates (youzao). These are large dates wrapped in dough and fried. One bite is full of date juice.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5mgytv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ypu2v3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qqegs7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rixhzf.jpg)
+
+**Jiezi Grand Mosque Quran Collection Hall**
+
+I was very lucky to visit the Quran Collection Hall at Jiezi Grand Mosque. I saw the handwritten Quran that the Salar people brought with them when they migrated from the Samarkand area to Xunhua over 700 years ago.
+
+The Quran consists of 30 volumes, stored in two rhinoceros-hide cases. Historically, this set of the Quran was kept by the religious leader known as the 'Gazi'. When the Gazi system was abolished in 1896, the Quran remained in the care of the Gazi's descendants. People say in 1894, Ma Qishao (Ma Anliang) from Linxia seized the Quran. However, on his way back to Linxia from Xunhua, he encountered a violent storm and could not cross the mountains, so he had to return the Quran. During the Republic of China era, the Quran was seized by Ma Bufang. It was not returned to Han Wushiba, a descendant of the Jiezi Gazi, until the 1950s.
+
+In 1954, the Quran was sent to Syria for an international exhibition, where it made a great impression on the Islamic world. After the '58 Religious Reform' in 1958, the burning of religious texts began. On the advice of the 'Salar Social History Investigation Group' then conducting research in Xunhua, the Quran was sent to the Cultural Palace of Nationalities under the guise of participating in a 10th-anniversary national exhibition. It was stored in the basement of the Cultural Palace for the next twenty years, only returning to Jiezi Grand Mosque in 1982.
+
+The Quran I photographed.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rmhz78.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cn1rsk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4n0hhz.jpg)
+
+The uncle who showed us around the collection hall is telling us about the migration route of the Salar people.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9kgwmi.jpg)
+
+The Quran was photographed in 1933 by the American missionary Reverend Carter Holton (Hai Yingguang). Reverend Holton lived in the Hehuang region for many years between the 1920s and 1940s. Reverend Holton loved photography and left behind over 5,000 photos of the ethnic customs in the Gansu and Qinghai regions. In the early 1990s, his second daughter donated them all to the Harvard University Library, where they can now be viewed on the library's official website.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g6o8kh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vc68cj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cctg8k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xy9k2x.jpg)
+
+Imam Hai holds the Quran himself.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v4assy.jpg)
+
+The Quran kept in the collection hall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vg7xid.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i68lnm.jpg)
+
+After the Salar people settled in Jiezi Town, the descendants of the highest Salar scholar, Sulimanisha Hai, hand-copied this using specially mixed ink and a tamarisk (gelimu) reed pen; it is over 600 years old.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/11eklj.jpg)
+
+A manuscript from the 17th to 18th century, wrapped in cowhide.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5ic02m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c7g7ua.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bopku2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wk4wkj.jpg)
+
+Printed and published in Iran, it contains 18 grams of gold.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4hsmk7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yducpb.jpg)
+
+**Camel Spring (Luotuo Quan).**
+
+Next to the Quran collection hall is Camel Spring, the first place the Salar people settled after migrating from Central Asia to Xunhua. In Salar legend, Ahman and Qarman originally lived near Samarkand. Because they were oppressed by their ruler, they led their people while pulling a white camel. The camel carried a bowl of soil from their hometown, a pot of water, and a Quran. They crossed the Tianshan Mountains heading east and finally arrived in Qinghai. When they reached Aotusi Mountain near Jiezi, they were very tired and decided to stop and rest. In the middle of the night, Qarman discovered the camel was missing. They searched everywhere and finally found the camel lying on the ground turned into stone, with water flowing from its mouth. They unloaded the water, soil, and Quran from the camel and began to recite the Quran. When they tasted the spring water flowing from the camel's mouth, they found it very sweet, exactly the same as the water they had brought with them. They compared it to the soil they brought and found it was also exactly the same, so they decided to settle down here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gmtuul.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1fedf4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mcwr5k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nhusji.jpg)
+
+Several traditional Salar fence houses (libalou) were built in the Camel Spring scenic area. The fence house is called "baliaoyi" in the Salar language and has two floors. The upper floor is for guest rooms and bedrooms, while the lower floor is for storage and livestock pens. The fence walls use honeysuckle branches and pine boards, covered with a mixture of three types of soil, and the main structure is made of high rammed brown earth walls or a mix of stone and brick.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dhoqqe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/99kx7o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pcqsh9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/huoawt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mndki2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/14c10u.jpg)
+
+The Camel Spring scenic area features a restored Qing Dynasty Salar courtyard house, with a living room in the center of the main house, heated brick beds (kang) on both sides, and Arabic calligraphy hanging in the middle.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1ilbfu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3xhq9j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/55f3yf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sefufc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/024u0d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e5v8ge.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xgs9q5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a0hpre.jpg)
+
+**Jiezi Gongbei.**
+
+Hidden in the cemetery on the north side of the Great Mosque of Jiezi, the Jiezi Gongbei is the only historical relic left in Jiezi. Currently, only the lower brick section remains, featuring exquisite brick carvings and an inscription stating it was "rebuilt in the first year of Xianfeng," which is 1851.
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Qinghai___Ping_an__Xunhua_and_Xining_Muslim_Heritage__Part_2.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Qinghai___Ping_an__Xunhua_and_Xining_Muslim_Heritage__Part_2.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d01aadc61f5c6f334854539bb1e977fa9c748f7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Qinghai___Ping_an__Xunhua_and_Xining_Muslim_Heritage__Part_2.md
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Qinghai — Ping’an, Xunhua and Xining Muslim Heritage (Part 2)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2003"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2003"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:48Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "4419cd3c5056d731dd0ade5fe8edd24cc4262e2e1e91a339dc7d0f32d8671abc"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Qinghai — Ping’an, Xunhua and Xining Muslim Heritage (Part 2)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Qinghai — Ping’an, Xunhua and Xining Muslim Heritage is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: It is very precious that Pastor Carter Holton, who was preaching in Xunhua in the 1930s, took photos of the Jiezi Gongbei that have been well-preserved for over 80 years. The account keeps its focus on Qinghai Travel, Hui Muslims, Halal Food while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4mednf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bjbdeh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q7it6h.jpg)
+
+It is very precious that Pastor Carter Holton, who was preaching in Xunhua in the 1930s, took photos of the Jiezi Gongbei that have been well-preserved for over 80 years.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0tmffk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3pvbg2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rqyvbh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/frz6sa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eg7ee6.jpg)
+
+**Night in Xunhua County.**
+
+In the evening, we had the local specialty, colostrum milk (jiaonai), in the county town. Colostrum milk (jiaonai) is the milk produced by a cow within three days of giving birth, mixed with regular milk and steamed. It has a texture like egg custard, but a very unique taste. Some people might not be used to it, but many elderly grandparents in Qinghai love it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zgz293.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rg4eqe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k45lxf.jpg)
+
+At night, we ate barbecue at the East Gate Food Street in the county town. We ordered half a jin of grilled lamb chops, a clay pot dish, and a grilled flatbread (kaomo). Zainabu also ordered a bowl of fermented vegetable juice (jiangshui) on the side. Having a little barbecue at night is quite comfortable.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dji4jm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qp2kbn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p37162.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/es81b4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n629i7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1el3fr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/32iqzj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2lojva.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dd5as0.jpg)
+
+There are three main types of breakfast in Xunhua: beef noodles, lamb offal soup (yangzasui) with flatbread, and steamed buns with fermented rice wine (baozi laozao). We had breakfast at the Xiuying Baozi Laozao Restaurant on Jishi Street. Actually, the steamed bun and fermented rice wine shops here sell many other things. I saw that what people ate the most were stewed vegetable bowls (huiwan) and deep-fried dough sticks (youtiao). The stewed vegetable bowl (huiwan), also called mixed vegetables (huicai), mainly contains radishes, potatoes, vermicelli, and meat. We had eaten it before at the Yangu Road Gongbei. You can also drink milk, eat starch noodle soup (fentang), black rice porridge, and other things.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ri8tj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m5o9bu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/desix5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sw8cto.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ubtnd3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b95r82.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xbw76k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/94mm1v.jpg)
+
+The Gasan Antique Shop in the county town has all kinds of ritual water jugs (tangping hu), which are quite interesting.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tbud0k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c8c48s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9lhxog.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y4irnh.jpg)
+
+**Suzhi Mosque.**
+
+The Suzhi Mosque in Xunhua, Qinghai, was first built in 1460 (the fourth year of the Tianshun reign of the Ming Dynasty) and expanded during the Qing Dynasty. It is currently a cultural relic protection unit of Qinghai Province.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7zmytn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2ugvzu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qoe8qy.jpg)
+
+**Ahetan Mosque.**
+
+Although the Ahetan Mosque is located in Hualong County, north of the Yellow River, it is still a Salar ethnic mosque and belongs to the Suzhi Gong, one of the eight Salar Gongs, just like the Suzhi Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vxdytj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9g4k9b.jpg)
+
+In the main hall of the mosque, we received a warm welcome from the imam.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1s1477.jpg)
+
+**Setting off for Xining.**
+
+At noon, we had a home-style mixed clay pot (shijin tu huoguo) in Xunhua County. It had a rich variety of vegetables, and there was actually a lot of meat hidden underneath. Two people were very full after finishing a small pot.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/505eep.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xrkdqo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wbn5mr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rkuynm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p5dotl.jpg)
+
+In the afternoon, we headed from Xunhua to Xining Airport. Halfway there, we received news that our flight was canceled due to heavy rain in Beijing, so we had to change our flight and head to downtown Xining instead.
+
+With a few extra hours on our hands, we went to the Niluo Food City on the fifth floor of the Xining Wangfujing Department Store to have some snacks. Niluo Food City is not the kind of messy snack stall area often seen in shopping malls. It gathers many local halal snacks and is clean, hygienic, and cheap. We ate Qinghai specialties like wheat kernel porridge (mairen zhou), lamb intestine noodles (yangchang mian), and fermented oat milk tea (tianpeizi naicha). It felt very pleasant to have some snacks here after getting tired from walking around the mall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rpyn6g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dj0fdf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jkggiu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y0m4wk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vj74ee.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c3imoa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l4pdxn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6i87o4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/97nfuo.jpg)
+
+Zainab tried river snail rice noodles (luosifen) for the first time at Nile Food City, haha. This shop is very clean and hygienic, and local Hui Muslim girls love to eat here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dhxgde.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nqusj3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/18ym9r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z1z95w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/759ro9.jpg)
+
+Zainab couldn't stop thinking about the homemade yogurt (suannai) from Yangjia Third Alley after drinking it last year, so she made sure to have some this time while visiting Xining. Zainab loves this pure yogurt (suannai) that has no added sugar or rapeseed oil.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/quudmi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hwjv1a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cpt03e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dj2f5p.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Qingjiang_Mosque_and_Huaiyang_Muslim_Food_in_Huai_an.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Qingjiang_Mosque_and_Huaiyang_Muslim_Food_in_Huai_an.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..20d60ff2cca2f71186550759bdb69f491c1b71e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Qingjiang_Mosque_and_Huaiyang_Muslim_Food_in_Huai_an.md
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Qingjiang Mosque and Huaiyang Muslim Food in Huai'an"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2516"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2516"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:50Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "38d1c3f4aa09612a473bbd3c9f12529f40b305d29a4233d6a485dcdd65559265"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Qingjiang Mosque and Huaiyang Muslim Food in Huai'an
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Qingjiangpu in Huai'an, Jiangsu, is linked to Grand Canal history, Qingjiang Mosque, and Huaiyang-style halal cooking. This account keeps the mosque, restaurant, dish names, street details, and photographs in the original order.
+
+Qingjiangpu in Huai'an, Jiangsu, was dredged in 1415 (the 13th year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty). It served as the grain transport hub for the Grand Canal during the Ming and Qing dynasties, where grain transport ships from all provinces were built and repaired. Because navigating the Yellow River section of the canal was very dangerous and waiting times at locks in Shandong were too long, many merchants chose to leave their boats at Qingjiangpu. They would cross the Yellow River and switch to horse-drawn carriages to continue north, making Qingjiangpu a symbol of the saying 'boats in the south, horses in the north'.
+
+The most important wharf in Qingjiangpu was next to Yue Zha. It was called the Imperial Wharf (Yu Matou) because the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors both landed there during their southern inspection tours. This place was once the busiest and most lively area in Qingjiangpu. Hui Muslims have been doing business on Yuehe Street in front of the Imperial Wharf since the Ming Dynasty, and the earliest Qingjiang Ancient Mosque (Qingjiang Gusi) was built during the Jiajing reign.
+
+In 1677 (the 16th year of the Kangxi reign), the Director-General of Grain Transport moved to Qingjiangpu, making it the center of grain transport. Qing Dynasty writer Huang Junzai recorded in his notes 'Jinhu Qimo': 'Along the Qingjiang River for over ten miles, the markets were bustling, goods were abundant, people from all directions gathered, and the streets were so crowded with shoulders rubbing and wheel hubs touching that it was extremely prosperous.' In 1799 (the 57th year of the Qianlong reign), the Qingjiang Ancient Mosque underwent a large-scale expansion, which was the peak of its prosperity.
+
+In 1860 (the 10th year of the Xianfeng reign), the Nian Army captured Qingjiangpu and the Qingjiang Ancient Mosque was destroyed. The imam, Ma Huanwen, sadly passed away from illness while preparing to raise funds (nietie) for the reconstruction. Fortunately, an elder from Nanjing named Jiang Hengqing took over, organized everyone to raise funds, and finally succeeded in rebuilding it in 1870 (the 9th year of the Tongzhi reign).
+
+In 2006, the Grand Canal was listed as a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level. Three ancient mosques were included along the canal: the North Mosque in Linqing, the East Mosque in Linqing, and the Qingjiang Ancient Mosque in Huai'an. It can be said that the Muslim community in Huai'an grew because of the canal and is inseparable from the canal's grain transport history.
+
+Looking from the opposite bank of the Li Canal, you can see the gate of the Qingjiang Ancient Mosque right next to the ruins of the Imperial Wharf, which helps you imagine how it looked during the height of the grain transport era.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sea334.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n4j414.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h5nrsp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/czkb2i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xie1j8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hzx0e8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z7xtvi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/day8dw.jpg)
+
+The main hall and the Butterfly Hall (Hudieting) in the north wing of the courtyard are Qing Dynasty buildings. Beside the main hall stands a trumpet creeper (lingxiaomu) that is over 320 years old.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2cuaiy.jpg)
+
+The main hall is a Qing Dynasty structure made of two connected hard-mountain roofs, with a kiln hall (yaodian) at the back, representing the traditional architectural style of the Jianghuai region.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ld9sot.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n62wu4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6yl3xk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z4evsg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zyev2k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kwh1oi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fnelbg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vfhvhn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wi8iia.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ojv81.jpg)
+
+The north wing of the Qingjiang Ancient Mosque is called the Butterfly Hall, a characteristic name for traditional garden architecture in the Jianghuai region, named because the corners of the hall look like the wings of a butterfly dancing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3v4j0m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cxlvlu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sfnr3o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pfw96i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ngf3l0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/id089c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ge4225.jpg)
+
+Two stone tablets stand inside the ancient Qingjiang Mosque.
+
+The first is the 1792 Prohibition Edict tablet. The county magistrate Wu Li, who held a rank with five recorded merits, wrote and erected this tablet to strictly forbid corruption.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ap5fcj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lgyw9b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9cwhyy.jpg)
+
+The second is the 1870 tablet recording the renovation of the main prayer hall, which details the process of rebuilding the hall during the Tongzhi era. The inscription lists donors from nineteen places: Henan, Shandong, Jinling, Yunnan, Zhili, Chuanshan, Hexia, Lixiahe, Baoying, Gaoyou, Shaobo, Xiannumiao, Taizhou, Xinghua, Dongtai, Rugao, Shuyang, the Xinzi Cavalry, and Yuanpu. Donors from Henan, Shandong, Yunnan, Zhili, and Chuanshan were mostly traveling merchants, showing the prosperity of Qingjiangpu in the Qing Dynasty when it served as a hub for southern boats and northern horses. The others were local Jiangsu mosque communities. Some, like the one in Shaobo, have since been abandoned, offering a glimpse into the rise and fall of the faith in Jiangsu.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nykvu5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fpxjkv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w0ouoz.jpg)
+
+**Ancient well.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8an8sf.jpg)
+
+**Column base.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sehnvi.jpg)
+
+**Tabut (coffin) burial box.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i68hjq.jpg)
+
+**The 1888 tombstone of Madam Yang, mother of the Ma family, and the tombstone of the Sai family, wife of the Ma family from Anhui.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/de68ac.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3gpsiy.jpg)
+
+**Tombstone of the Sai family, wife of the Ma family from Anhui.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/km4cl1.jpg)
+
+**Stone railing.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/emr9r7.jpg)
+
+**Drum-shaped stone base carved with a cypress and deer pattern.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wvo22z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x2p3go.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pij5w5.jpg)
+
+On Yuehe Road in front of the ancient Qingjiang Mosque, there is a row of storefronts with six restaurants. We tried every one of them this time.
+
+The first one from west to east is Laowan. They serve various Huaiyang dishes and beef and lamb dishes prepared by Hui Muslims from Huai'an. The shop mostly has private rooms. If you are visiting Huai'an with your family and want to try Huaiyang-style halal food, I recommend this place.
+
+We ordered white broth lamb (baitang yangrou), Huai'an mixed stew (dazahui), tea-scented quail, and stir-fried black fish with yellow garlic chives. I feel like Hui Muslims in Jiangsu all make white lamb soup (baitang yangrou), and Jiangsu people really love drinking it. Mixed stew (dazahui) is a specialty dish in Huai'an. It contains many ingredients like stir-fried meat skin (pidu), bok choy, wood ear mushrooms, quail eggs, fried tofu puffs (doupao), and mushrooms. The most unique part is definitely the stir-fried meat skin. To make it, you boil cow skin, cool it down, trim off the fat, dry it in the sun, and then deep-fry it before adding it to the stew. Tea-scented quail is very interesting. The quail is small, so you mostly chew it for the flavor, but I didn't expect Suleiman to like the oil-fried tea leaves so much; he kept eating them. I really like the stir-fried snakehead fish with yellow garlic chives. I have had snakehead fish soup before, but the texture of it stir-fried is also very good. Freshwater fish from the south is truly great.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/od5fc2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yim4km.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sm4ohf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2s8xb9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ka3hk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yxk56c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hezg4e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fkqi33.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/08o0wo.jpg)
+
+Next to the old bowl shop is Ding Si Wonton Noodle Restaurant. It is the most popular shop at the entrance of the Qingjiang Mosque, and you often have to wait for a table. They are very particular, as they prohibit smoking and alcohol. This shows that seeking blessings in this life and the afterlife does not conflict.
+
+We ordered wonton noodles and braised beef noodles. The wonton noodles have a chicken broth and beef filling. The taste is very good, and Suleiman liked them a lot and ate happily. The broth for the braised beef noodles is thicker and has a stronger flavor. However, southern noodles are not nearly as chewy as those in the northwest; the main point is to drink the soup and eat the beef. Also, their shop and the Seman shop next door are connected. Many people buy kebabs at Seman to eat with their wonton noodles, which is a pretty good combination.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dbqd6c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uu2743.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g5w6ne.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y08f07.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jei3ns.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6tih5p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5t855b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s4pdp4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2oi7s4.jpg)
+
+Next to Ding Si Wonton Noodle Restaurant is Lv's Sesame Flatbread and Beef and Lamb Soup. We ate beef bone soup and beef noodle soup there in the morning, along with sesame flatbread (shaobing). I really liked the beef bone soup because it had crunchy cartilage in it. The sesame flatbread is also their specialty; it is very fluffy inside and goes well with the meat soup. Since Ding Si Wonton Noodle Restaurant only opens in the morning and evening and is closed at noon, friends (dost) who come to the mosque entrance after ten o'clock are recommended to come here for beef soup and sesame flatbread.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pb9ayo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oiz2tm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lcou8w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2czsc2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pw0p77.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ab9bds.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iap8zp.jpg)
+
+Basically, every shop in Huai'an provides several types of free side dishes, and pickled mustard greens (xuelihong) are always included. We happened to catch them pickling the mustard greens on-site at the shop, and I feel the mustard greens here are really delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/59h0fg.jpg)
+
+Next to Lv's sesame flatbread (shaobing) and beef and lamb soup is Ayesha Chicken Noodle Shop. Their specialty is a mixed chicken noodle soup served with long fish, beef balls, fish balls, baby bok choy, bamboo shoot tips, wood ear mushrooms, and shredded chicken. The owner of Ayesha is Zhao Haifeng, and Ayesha is his daughter's name. Mr. Zhao says his family moved from Kaifeng, Henan to Huai'an during the Republic of China era. They have been making shredded chicken noodles since his great-grandfather's time. Every night, he simmers seven or eight old hens for three or four hours, then shreds the chicken meat. He then simmers the chicken frames for another four or five hours to make a rich broth.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6u3nid.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/84sjik.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ejxns6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6eg4gw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iqk9uj.jpg)
+
+Next to Ayesha Chicken Noodle Shop is Seman Cafe. I ate at this place when I came to Huai'an in 2017, and this time I brought my son to eat the shawarma wraps. The owner is very devout in his faith, and it is not easy to run a cafe like this in Huai'an. They have improved their shawarma wraps, and you can even add bird's eye chili and sesame paste. We also ordered date milkshakes, masala chai, and saffron tea. It is very pleasant to drink tea and chat by the Grand Canal on a summer evening. The only thing is that their servers seem to be foreigners who do not speak Chinese very well, so communication might be a bit difficult.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jawnmu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kgig8f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5t44b0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ngrmq7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g5undw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/15exva.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vwsj2e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fbfur2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ehrwas.jpg)
+
+Besides the Qingjiang Ancient Mosque, there is also a Hui Muslim restaurant on Shanghai Road. The owner is the brother of the owner of the Old Bowl Restaurant at Qingjiang Ancient Mosque, and their family name is Chang. The Shanghai Road shop specializes in braised old goose and braised free-range chicken. We arrived at 2:30, but we called ahead and the owner waited for us.
+
+They were very welcoming. When they knew we were fellow Muslims (dosti), they greeted us with salaam and invited us into the kitchen to see the ingredients. The owner recommended a two-year-old free-range chicken. We also ordered stir-fried beef with garlic sprouts, braised dried tofu, shiitake mushrooms with bok choy, and the Huai'an specialty, stir-fried cattail stems (pucai) with dried shrimp. Their braised free-range chicken was truly delicious. The meat was very flavorful, the chicken soup was fresh and tasty, and they even added beef wontons inside. The braised beef goes well with rice and is very flavorful. The dried tofu was braised by the owner that day and can be eaten as a cold dish.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mg1c2l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cqknvo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7fq1cd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ti4a5r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/onmd9y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cr4g6g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m7m8hb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2vyszx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l5bcr3.jpg)
+
+Cattail stems (pucai) are the tender stalks of fresh cattails that grow in ponds by the river. The Book of Songs mentions, 'What are the vegetables? They are bamboo shoots and cattails,' which shows that people have been eating cattail stems for over two thousand years. In chapter 86 of Journey to the West, after Sun Wukong rescues Tang Seng and his companions at Yinyu Mountain, a woodcutter treats the four of them to a meal. The text mentions cattail shoots (pucai) and water bamboo shoots (jiaoercai), which is an important historical record of cattail shoots. After fresh cattail shoots are brought to the shore, only the root section is kept. You then peel away layer after layer, removing over a dozen skins to reveal the tender, white cattail shoot inside. Cattail shoots are in season from March to August. Because the cold winter weather makes harvesting them very difficult, the price of cattail shoots is quite high during that time.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9390zr.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Qinhuangdao___Beaches__Mosques_and_Halal_Food.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Qinhuangdao___Beaches__Mosques_and_Halal_Food.md
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Qinhuangdao___Beaches__Mosques_and_Halal_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Qinhuangdao - Beaches, Mosques and Halal Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2514"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2514"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:49Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "c504f19e180d3783cc6c4ba27d47c10fe89f2606bd70be2d33890be27cf6e288"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Qinhuangdao - Beaches, Mosques and Halal Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Qinhuangdao is presented through a family beach weekend, the Haigang mosque neighborhood, and several halal restaurants on Minzu Road. This account keeps the original notes on beach activities, mosque history, seafood dishes, dumplings, shaomai, and photos.
+
+Our whole family went to Qinhuangdao to see the sea for the weekend. We chose an apartment at Jinmeng Bay First View in the Haigang District. It was a two-story sea-view apartment with two 1.8-meter double beds. Since May isn't peak season, it only cost a little over 200 yuan per night. The beach is right outside the apartment complex, which is very convenient. The apartment is a ten-minute taxi ride from Haigang Mosque and Minzu Road. It is easy to get around because ride-hailing apps pick up requests almost instantly.
+
+You cannot swim in the sea in Qinhuangdao in May. It was windy and a bit chilly on Saturday, but the temperature was perfect on Sunday once the wind stopped.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dz35sc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h2c8y6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a3k9pa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2c6i63.jpg)
+
+Jinmeng Bay is not very crowded and the environment is quite nice. In the morning, many families come here to explore the beach. Suleiman played in the sand for a while, but he liked the various activities even more. There are seven or eight types of activities for children here. There are also beach motorbikes and speedboats, but we didn't let him try those. Suleiman tried five activities: the excavator, the four-wheeled electric car, the beach tank, the single-person beach car, and the water tricycle. He really liked the water tricycle because he could sit in the middle and steer. We bargained the price down to 150 yuan for half an hour, which was just the right amount of exercise. There is also a beach crawler that looks like an electric wheelchair. Suleiman loved it because it is very simple to operate—you just move a knob to go forward, backward, left, or right.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2peteh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3h2qjx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qqgtgd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qff8o3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w0y88t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7jy8y4.jpg)
+
+Qinhuangdao opened as a port in 1898 and was the only sovereign port on the Chinese coast at that time. A small pier was built at Qinhuangdao Port in 1902. In 1916, the Jin-Yu Railway was extended to the pier, and most of the Kailuan coal was exported from here. After that, people gradually settled in the area, and trade began to flourish.
+
+After Qinhuangdao Port opened, Hui Muslims began to move here. In 1905, Hong Guan-ting, a Hui Muslim from Jing'an Town in Changli County, Qinhuangdao, moved his whole family to the port to sell beef and mutton. Later, three other families—Ma Mingqi, Wang Heqian, and Ma Jingting—moved here from Shanhaiguan and Qian'an. The four families then joined together to open the Sihecheng beef and mutton shop. In 1922, Hong Guan-ting, Ma Jingting, Wang Yue, Wang Heqian, and others raised money to buy a house and establish the first Qinwangdao Mosque. It was officially completed in 1928 and later renamed Qinhuangdao Mosque and then Haigang District Mosque.
+
+In 1985, China established a joint venture with Kuwait and Tunisia in Qinhuangdao called the Sino-Arab Chemical Fertilizer Company. The Tunisian general manager and Kuwaiti vice chairman of the company often visited Haigang District Mosque, so they applied for funds from the Kuwait International Islamic Charitable Foundation to rebuild it. The project was completed in 1987.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zxnp9n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4y68oz.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kpduzz.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uki07l.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sktsjs.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2aaatl.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r5c1sq.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xbxhxr.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xql7n7.jpg)
+
+The storefronts north of Haigang Mosque form a food street with lamb soup shops (yangtang guan), sesame flatbread shops (shaobing pu), beef and mutton shops, and smoked chicken shops. The food street was originally called Hongyili, where the Hong family courtyard once stood. Later, Hong Guan-ping tore down part of his courtyard wall to make way for a road, which is how the name Hongyili came to be. Today, you can see signs like Hong's Fresh Beef and Mutton and Hong's Smoked Chicken on the food street. The surname Hong is still a major family name in the Haigang District mosque community.
+
+The two most popular spots on the food street are Zhenhua Soup Shop and Ma's Sesame Flatbread Shop. In the morning, we had the head meat and tripe soup with egg drop at Zhenhua Soup Shop. When they scoop the soup, you can tell the lady not to add MSG and only use sesame oil. You can add white pepper at the window, and there is salt and chili on the table. If you don't add any seasonings, you can taste the pure freshness of the lamb soup. Children really like it too. I personally recommend drinking a few sips without any seasoning first, then adding salt, and finally adding chili after a few more sips so you can taste all the different flavors.
+
+You can pair the lamb bone broth (yangtang) with their freshly fried dough (zhabing). These are much thinner than the fried dough (youbing) in Beijing, but softer than the crispy thin crackers (baocui). The texture is somewhere between the two. They cut them up for you by default, so you can eat them plain or tear them into pieces to soak in the broth. Besides the fried dough, you can also buy sesame flatbread (shaobing) from the Ma family shop next door to go with your broth. The flatbread comes in sweet and savory versions. The savory sesame flatbread is the most popular. It usually sells out as soon as it comes out of the oven, so you have to wait in line for the next batch. This means you are guaranteed to get them hot and fresh.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r73s0g.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a7yuz1.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5rkovd.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z7va84.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wlg69h.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gv4dha.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bsf4mq.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vi13tu.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/veu3kf.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5kd56p.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fd3bp3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9y073v.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w5wjaf.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rrwml3.jpg)
+
+We bought sugar-free mung bean cakes (lvdougao) and sweet and savory thousand-layer pastries (qiancengsu) at Yiming Foods. They were perfect to snack on while playing on the beach.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mhjota.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/azofcd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o7enks.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dytdea.jpg)
+
+Besides the food street, there is also a Jingjiangshi Steamed Bun Shop (dabao fang) next to the Haigang Mosque. If you visit Qinhuangdao for a two-day weekend, you can have lamb bone broth for breakfast one day and steamed buns with porridge the next.
+
+Their specialty is the savory meat-filled steamed bun (jiangrou bao). We arrived after nine, so they were already out of some varieties. We ordered mushroom and meat-filled buns and pickled cabbage and beef-filled buns, plus a red bean paste bun (dousha bao) for our son. The meat-filled buns are made with beef that has been stewed in sauce beforehand. I think this makes them very flavorful. Everyone really liked the pickled cabbage-filled buns. Eating a little pickled cabbage in the morning is great for the appetite. Suleiman has always loved red bean paste buns, just like I did when I was a kid.
+
+They serve hot drinks like soy milk, millet porridge, and tofu pudding (doufunao). You add your own seasonings to the tofu pudding, including chive flower sauce, garlic juice, chili oil, and sesame paste. I think it goes perfectly with the buns.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/go312u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bpqcxt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c60gw0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/smcjpg.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hyx6hw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s3gppi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5cg1bu.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cu17cv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kdeht3.jpg)
+
+We took the 6:00 PM train from Beijing Station on Friday and arrived at Qinhuangdao Station at 7:40 PM. To avoid the taxi line, we took a few stops on the bus and then grabbed a taxi straight to Qingzhenfang Meat Hot Pot (hunguo) on Youyi Road to try this local Qinhuangdao specialty.
+
+I had heard that the Qinhuangdao meat hot pot was famous, but we usually traveled as a pair, and we could never finish a whole pot. This time, four adults came to Qinhuangdao together, so we were finally able to order a small portion.
+
+When the meat hot pot arrived, it was layered three levels high. The top layer had beef, beef tongue, and starch jelly (mengzi). The middle layer had chicken and meatballs, and the bottom was filled with pickled cabbage and kelp. To eat it, you first take the top layer off and put it on a plate, then start eating the meatballs and chicken. They put a large pot of meat broth next to you. You have to add broth as you eat because the liquid in the pot disappears quickly. If you add it too slowly, the vegetables at the bottom will burn.
+
+After eating some of the chicken and meatballs, you put the beef tongue, starch jelly, and beef back into the pot to eat with the broth. By the end, you are left with the pickled cabbage and kelp, which we thought were also delicious. The pickled cabbage is very appetizing. Even though it was a small pot, all four of us were full by the end.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6wck75.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zqtjn7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xygwrw.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a8uem7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0ys1rn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/glpd25.jpg)
+
+On Saturday, we had lunch at Fenghuanglou, a famous restaurant in Qinhuangdao. We ate at their Shanhaiguan branch before, but this time we visited the Hebei Avenue branch in the Haigang District.
+
+The blue banner (lanhuang) at their entrance is very traditional. In the past, a soup pot sign and a blue banner were essential for restaurants run by Hui Muslims. They had to hang the blue banner when opening and take it down when closing each day. Some people now call a blue sign a blue banner, but that is incorrect. A real blue banner is a wooden hoop covered with blue paper strips. The 1936 series 'Muslim Restaurants in Beiping' in the Zhenzong Monthly Magazine described this in detail.
+
+They serve traditional Hui Muslim dishes, barbecue, and seafood. We ordered twice-cooked beef (huishao niurou), stewed tofu with fresh shrimp and loofah, steamed flounder, shrimp with garlic and vermicelli, pan-fried dumplings (guotie) with shrimp and three vegetarian ingredients, and spicy stir-fried yellow clams. Twice-cooked beef is a specialty of Hui Muslims in Qinhuangdao. The outside is coated like sweet and sour pork (guobaorou), while the inside contains chunks of stewed meat. It goes perfectly with rice. Their fish and shrimp are very fresh, and everyone really enjoyed the shrimp. The pan-fried dumplings with shrimp and three vegetarian ingredients are also a specialty. If you do not want rice, just order these dumplings as your main dish.
+
+The restaurant has a nice atmosphere with large windows that let in comfortable sunlight.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0ung6l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w7osri.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7j0n6z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6hovpu.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dtpu8c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ru8net.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bnrp9h.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/srruzu.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xnjd4b.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z7txle.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/stmgvs.jpg)
+
+On Saturday night, I went to the famous Muchunyuan soup dumpling (guantangbao) shop in the Haigang District of Qinhuangdao. I ordered their signature sea cucumber and shrimp soup dumplings, lamb and cucumber soup dumplings, a mixed seafood stir-fry (quanbao), stir-fried bok choy with wood ear mushrooms and tofu skin, grilled squid, and sesame sweet potato. These halal restaurants in Qinhuangdao really have huge menus.
+
+You must take a small bite of the soup dumpling first to sip the broth, or it will definitely squirt onto your clothes. I prefer the lamb and cucumber filling because the diced cucumber makes it taste very fresh. The mixed seafood stir-fry is a big, fragrant plate of various seafood cooked quickly over high heat. The grilled squid is spicy and savory, and the texture is quite good. The sesame sweet potato has a sugary crust that is slightly stringy, and the yellow-fleshed sweet potato inside is very fragrant; children especially love it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ke0w7e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t703mx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m39rnr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/05i4uj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hiq9ck.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c4tlzx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/71hhnc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0cpupy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6oplc9.jpg)
+
+Besides the soup dumplings (guantangbao), the steamed dumpling (shaomai) shop on Minzu Road in Qinhuangdao is also very famous. There were a lot of people when we arrived just after twelve, but we managed to find an empty table. We ordered steamed dumplings (shaomai) with lamb and fennel filling, and others with a six-ingredient filling of winter bamboo shoots, carrots, wood ear mushrooms, vermicelli, and eggs. One steamer holds 20 dumplings weighing half a jin, but you can also order a smaller portion of three liang. The steamed dumplings (shaomai) are not as oily as the ones in Inner Mongolia. Both the meat and vegetable versions are light and fresh, and kids really enjoy them. We also ordered braised mixed sea fish (jiangmen haizayu) and spinach starch noodles (bocai fengezi). The fish took a little longer to arrive, but it was braised until very flavorful. I really like steamed dumplings (shaomai) with seafood. I often ate them this way back when I was in Shanhaiguan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/skdjj3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/82ikpo.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/41cqkb.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hb5t23.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uccrhy.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3dnvfc.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hq40wn.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ninj6a.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lifw06.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Qiqihar___Bukui_Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_Neighborhood.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Qiqihar___Bukui_Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_Neighborhood.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2de1ee7006526542d2d066c14b10a071f16bf4b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Qiqihar___Bukui_Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_Neighborhood.md
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Qiqihar — Bukui Mosque and Hui Muslim Neighborhood"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2295"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2295"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:46Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "ef18970be4306453f17833b7518586655ad17e9ec22ba560f4c81bec2a571aed"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Qiqihar — Bukui Mosque and Hui Muslim Neighborhood
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Qiqihar in Heilongjiang is home to Bukui Mosque and a Hui Muslim neighborhood with deep local history. This article follows the mosque, nearby streets, and community details while preserving all source facts, names, and images.
+
+I took a high-speed train from Changchun to Qiqihar in the morning and performed the afternoon prayer (peshin) at the Bukui West Mosque in Qiqihar at noon. Bukui Mosque is divided into an east and west mosque; the East Mosque belongs to the Gedimu tradition, and the West Mosque belongs to the Jahriyya order. In 1817 (the 22nd year of the Jiaqing reign), Ma Datian, the third-generation leader (murshid) of the Jahriyya, was sentenced to exile in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang. Twelve families led by Master Niu volunteered to take the blame and follow him into exile. Ma Datian passed away while passing through the Jilin Shipyard, earning him the title of Shipyard Master (Chuanchang Taiye), but the twelve families continued their exile to Qiqihar. After arriving in Qiqihar, the twelve families were welcomed by the local Gedimu community. In 1852 (the second year of the Xianfeng reign), they built the Bukui West Mosque next to the Bukui Mosque, making it the only Jahriyya mosque in Heilongjiang.
+
+I received a warm welcome from Baba Ma inside the mosque, and he shared many stories about the Jahriyya with me. Most of the local Jahriyya community members are now working away from home, so not many people come to the mosque on regular days. The West Mosque has just finished renovations, but the main prayer hall is not yet in use, so the north room is being used as the prayer hall. Because many old mosques in Northeast China lack floor heating or radiators in their main halls, people usually choose to perform their worship in heated rooms during the cold winter.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tgdy1x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ldp5bi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xwrrdk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hb0dlc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i3oftx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b2jdxg.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s5qldf.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g8jlmk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u2gcvv.jpg)
+
+Bukui West Mosque preserves a banner inscribed with the words 'Benevolence, Loyalty, and Harmony.' It reads: 'In memory of the late Imam Niu Chenggong on the 50th anniversary of his passing, respectfully offered by his junior friends Ma Yongcai and Ma Yongzhi on the 13th day of the eighth lunar month in the 14th year of the Guangxu reign.' Imam Niu Chenggong is the same Master Niu who volunteered to take the blame and follow the Shipyard Master to Qiqihar. Master Niu was originally an imam from the Lingwu area of Wuzhong. Many stories of his miracles during the journey to Qiqihar are widely circulated within the Jahriyya menhuan. Every year, Jahriyya followers from Ningxia, Gansu, and other places travel thousands of miles to Qiqihar to visit Master Niu's grave, showing that he is still highly respected more than a century later.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jvc43v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8w3put.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/44yehk.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tfb11e.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hpjqen.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zuljc4.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k82je4.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xr6gxy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cwhkib.jpg)
+
+After finishing the peshin prayer, I went to Qihan Yangjia across from the Bukui Mosque for barbecue. I ordered original seasoned meat, sirloin strips, Argentine red shrimp, a squid heart tube platter, Korean cold noodles (lengmian), a mixed vinegar appetizer, and perilla leaves for wrapping the meat. The prices there are quite affordable, the location is great, you can see the old mosque from the window, and the interior is very nice. I really liked the cold noodles and the heart tubes, but the meat felt a bit tough. Also, the grill plate tends to hold oil, so it kept splashing on me while I was cooking. The most popular halal barbecue spots in Qiqihar are Mijia and Majia. We didn't have enough time to eat there this trip, but we will try them next time.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wvwyzd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ab4uwf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jqjeo1.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/twa35p.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qr07h9.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hop0yg.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fumsr1.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sfly48.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2py6m8.jpg)
+
+After our meal, we visited the Qiqihar Bukui East Mosque, which is the oldest mosque in Heilongjiang. Regarding when the Bukui Mosque was built, the most common story is that it was built in 1676 (the 15th year of the Kangxi reign) by over 40 Hui Muslim families who moved to Bukui Village from Shandong and Hebei. The 1939 record 'The History of the Relocation of the Qiqihar Muslim Cemetery,' published by the Qiqihar Muslim Board, mentions that the government enforced a relocation policy, recruiting good citizens from the Yan and Lu regions. The government paid for their daily food and travel expenses as they moved to Longcheng to serve in the banners. At that time, Muslims arrived one after another, their population grew, and they raised funds to build the mosque in the 23rd year of the Kangxi reign.
+
+Another theory suggests that the Bukui East Mosque was first built in 1700 (the 39th year of the Kangxi reign). Elders in Bukui often say, 'First came the Naval Battalion, then came the mosque.' To prepare for the Battle of Albazin, some Hui Muslims were drafted into the Heilongjiang Naval Battalion to fight. In 1699 (the 38th year of the Kangxi reign), the Heilongjiang Naval Battalion headquarters moved to Qiqihar city. Hui Muslims with the surnames Wang and Xia from Jinan, Shandong, followed the battalion to settle in Qiqihar and built the first Bukui Mosque the following year. The book 'The Current Situation of Qiqihar,' published in 1937, mentions that the Bukui Mosque was built in 1700.
+
+The original Bukui Mosque was just a grass hut. It was rebuilt many times during the Jiaqing and Guangxu reigns, eventually reaching its current size. The most unique feature of the East Mosque is the Moon-Sighting Tower (wangyuelou) on top of the rear prayer hall (yaodian). The prayer hall has a three-story, four-cornered pointed roof with complex and beautiful brick carvings, and a plaque on the east side that reads 'Heavenly Shortcut' (tianfangjiejing). The copper lotus-base gourd finial on top of the prayer hall was added during the major renovation of the Bukui East Mosque in 1893 (the 19th year of the Guangxu reign). People say Ma Wanliang bought it from a Tibetan Buddhist mosque near Zhangjiakou. Local legend says it could only be installed after the Republic of China era because the top of the prayer hall was taller than the nearby Yikeming'an Eight Banners Mansion.
+
+After 1958, the East Mosque was occupied by several factories and residents, including a riveting and welding factory, a shell carving factory, an urn factory, and a cloth shoe factory. The blacksmith's furnace of the riveting and welding factory was placed inside the prayer hall, which burned the pillars and caused the hall to tilt. It wasn't until 1980 that it was renovated. It was listed as a provincial cultural heritage site in 1981 and became a national cultural heritage site in 2006.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/279f6u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dvpmhi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y34tah.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xbkikp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2n3p96.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zt30ye.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t6pi55.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/px1cuu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s16gds.jpg)
+
+The mihrab at the Bukui East Mosque is exquisite, featuring a mix of decorative script (miaohuiti), broad-pen script, and square Kufic script.
+
+During the Ming and Qing dynasties, as Hui Muslims integrated into Chinese society, Islamic art became increasingly localized. A key example is the decorative Arabic script, which blends Kufic calligraphy with traditional Chinese painting. In the early Qing dynasty, Chang Zhimei, known as Chang Baba, founded the Shandong school of mosque-based education (jingtang jiaoyu) in Jining, Shandong, training many famous scholars. These scholars (alim) mastered various Chinese-style Arabic scripts, including broad-pen, brush, and manuscript styles. The most unique is the decorative script, often called the Shandong style or simply floral script (huati).
+
+After the Shandong school of mosque-based education was founded, it spread to North China and later reached Northeast China with Hui Muslims migrating during the 'Chuang Guandong' period. Decorative script combines both brush calligraphy and meticulous brushwork painting (gongbi) in a single piece. To create it, artists first design the layout, write the text with a brush, and then use meticulous painting techniques to add traditional Chinese patterns like cloud heads, scrolling vines, and corner flowers. Unlike broad-pen or brush scripts, decorative script does not need to be written in one go; it can be carefully crafted to achieve the perfect shape.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/52xo8u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pqv4n4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tfdtfl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/enf8kl.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5v0kkh.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gp2hum.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z8ztsl.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uiilcv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9qp8a9.jpg)
+
+The exquisite brick carving art at the Bukui East Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u6kzlv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zfumvo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ahluv8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/efbvny.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9seke1.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hrl64q.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mm93an.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vjreoc.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/utvjw5.jpg)
+
+After leaving the Bukui East Mosque, I walked through the Hui Muslim community to the east. There were carts selling ground cherries (guniang) that were sweet and refreshing; I couldn't stop eating them. There are many snack shops on Chaoyang Road, north of the Hui Muslim neighborhood. We bought pure beef sausage at a Sun family deli; it was very meaty and contained no starch.
+
+Hui Muslims in Qiqihar mainly live in the Xizhan area, southwest of the old city. Xizhan refers to the Bukui post station established by the Qing government in 1685 (the 24th year of the Kangxi reign) on the east bank of the Nen River. After Qiqihar was built, Hui Muslims from Shandong, Hebei, and other places moved in to trade cattle and horses or run halal food businesses. People say a restaurant owner from Beijing moved here with over 20 people and 3,000 silver coins, eventually leading to the formation of the Bukui mosque neighborhood.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wvctne.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/trlvey.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z9bnso.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kx07e2.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c2vkst.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/plbirv.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wficqr.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h6h4qx.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/todwyb.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Seven_Historic_Mosques_in_Yangzhou__Part_1.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Seven_Historic_Mosques_in_Yangzhou__Part_1.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Seven Historic Mosques in Yangzhou, Part 1"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2519"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2519"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:55Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "73125d8c373b127a11bcfd5edf6dfe99d472889e524ef35610eeb9cd8af03cc7"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Seven Historic Mosques in Yangzhou, Part 1
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Yangzhou, Jiangsu, is covered through seven historic mosques visited across two trips in 2021 and 2025. This account keeps the mosque names, founding dates, architectural details, community stories, food notes, and photographs in order.
+
+I visited ancient mosques in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, twice in 2021 and 2025. I visited seven mosques in total: Xianhe, Majianxiang, Babayao, Shaobo, Lingtang, Gaoyou, and Baoying. I will share them with you here.
+
+**Xianhe Mosque**
+
+Xianhe Mosque is on Nanmen Street in Yangzhou. It was founded in 1275 (the 12th year of the Zhiyuan era of the Yuan Dynasty) by the Western sage Puhading before he passed away. It was rebuilt in 1390 (the 23rd year of the Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty) by Ha San, renovated in 1523 (the 3rd year of the Jiajing era) by the merchant Ma Zongdao and the imam Ha Ming, and repaired again in 1791 (the 56th year of the Qianlong era). The Xianhe Mosque layout uses small courtyards, unlike the common four-sided courtyard (siheyuan) style found in northern mosques. Xianhe Mosque divides the lecture hall, the main prayer hall, and the gate into three separate small courtyards. It also features a moon-viewing pavilion (wangyueting) and a covered walkway (youlang) outside the south gable of the main hall, giving the mosque a garden-like atmosphere.
+
+I visited Xianhe Mosque in 2021, as seen in my article, "The 2021 Trip to Gaoyou, Yangzhou, and Zhenjiang."
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4npw93.jpg)
+
+**Majianxiang Mosque**
+
+Majianxiang Mosque is located on Majianxiang in the Dongmen Street area of Yangzhou. According to the Hui Muslims' "Gu Family Genealogy," it was built in 1714 (the 53rd year of the Kangxi era) by Gu Yuanbing, a 24th-generation descendant of Gu Duding.
+
+Majianxiang Mosque originally had dozens of rooms, including a gatehouse, a memorial archway (paifang), a main prayer hall, a reception hall, a water room (shuifang), side rooms, and dormitories. Today, two main halls, a reception hall, and the water room remain. In the early years of the Republic of China, the mosque housed the second Yangzhou branch of the Beijing-based "Zhenzong Newspaper" and a religious book and newspaper room.
+
+In 1932, Liu Binru, a famous Yangzhou imam and one of the founders of the Chinese Islamic Association, along with Hua Ruzhou, then a council member of the Jiangdu County Hui Muslim Association, established the "Chinese Islamic Scripture Translation and Compilation Institute" here to translate religious texts. Liu Binru, who was fluent in Arabic and Persian, was responsible for translating the original Arabic texts. Hua Ruzhou translated the summaries from the English version by the Indian Islamic scholar Muhammad Ali, which were then attached before each section of the scripture. On January 1, 1935, the "Chinese Translation of the Quran with Ali's Summaries" was officially published. The first printing of 2,000 copies was sold by major bookstores across the country.
+
+In 1933, the Yangzhou Islamic Association founded the Hui Muslim Cultural Training Institute at Majianxiang Mosque, with Liu Binru in charge. to teaching Arabic, the institute offered Chinese, English, and arithmetic, reaching a level equivalent to upper primary or junior high school. It replaced the traditional individual scripture teaching method with a classroom-based group instruction format. Teachers included the Majianxiang imam Hua Jinhou, who was proficient in Arabic, the imam Ruan Dechang, the imam of the East Gate Hui Muslim Hall Lan Baohua, and Liu Binru. They also hired Hui Muslim Association members Shen Junchen and Zhang Shaozhe to teach Chinese and arithmetic, and Hua Ruzhou to teach English.
+
+Between 1934 and 1935, the missionary Claude L. Pickens visited the Majianxiang Mosque and saw a reading room inside with many books and magazines. He photographed the 1931 Gu Gong Memorial Stele standing in the mosque. The inscription records the life of mosque board member Gu Jisu, who served for 11 years, repaired the ablution room (shuifang) and market stalls, and built a new heated room (nuanfang), making great contributions to the mosque. He passed away in 1930, before he was 40 years old.
+
+In 1958, the Majianxiang Mosque was converted into a factory workshop and occupied by a craft sign factory, a burlap bag factory, and a brush factory. The property was not recovered until 1997, and it was listed as a municipal cultural relic protection unit in 2008. It is currently used as a residence.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9r9r1l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cch2c4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i2m83h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1txg47.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yhno7x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t22rav.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u15pre.jpg)
+
+**Puhading Tomb Garden**
+
+Legend says Puhading was a 16th-generation descendant of the Noble Prophet. He came to Yangzhou during the Xianchun period of the Song Dynasty (1265-1274) and died there in 1275 (the 12th year of the Zhiyuan period of the Yuan Dynasty). He was buried on a high ridge east of the Dongguan River in the New City, a place later called the Huihui Hall (commonly known as Baba Kiln).
+
+According to oral traditions passed down by local imams in Yangzhou, as told by Imam Lan Baohua of the Huihui Hall on July 17, 1947, Puhading was born in 1204 (the 4th year of the Jiatai period of the Song Dynasty) into a wealthy Arab noble family and was the 16th-generation descendant of the Noble Prophet. Puhading was highly learned and mastered the scriptures and religious laws. At 57, following the teaching that one should seek knowledge even if it is as far as China, he spent four years preparing. At 61, he led a team of 17 people across the Arabian Sea toward China.
+
+Puhading arrived in Yangzhou in 1265 (the 1st year of the Xianchun period of the Song Dynasty). During his 10 years in Yangzhou, he presided over the founding of the Xianhe Mosque, expanded the old mosque outside the South Gate, and rebuilt the Nanchaoguan Mosque.
+
+In 1275 (the 12th year of the Zhiyuan period of the Yuan Dynasty), he died on a boat while returning from giving a lecture, at the age of 71. Yuan Guang'en, the governor of Guangling, buried him on a high ridge on the east bank of the Grand Canal in Yangzhou.
+
+The Puhading Tomb Garden has been renovated through the dynasties. Most of the existing buildings reflect the appearance after the 1845 (the 25th year of the Daoguang period) renovation. It was named a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level in 2001.
+
+The gate of the tomb garden is right next to the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and the original stone path and stone pillars for tying boat ropes are preserved outside the gate. The lintel of the gate is inscribed with 'Tomb of the Western Sage Puhading,' with the signature 'Rebuilt in the month of lotus in the Bing-shen year of the Qianlong reign.' On both sides of the gate are Qing Dynasty drum-shaped stone bases featuring lions playing with a ball. Inside the gate is a stele from the Daoguang renovation, inscribed with 'In the Yi-si year of the Daoguang reign, people of various surnames donated to build the stone bank and renovate the halls; the management was not easy.' I hope this place is repaired from time to time so it does not fall into ruin, keeping the tomb grounds safe and preserving its memory forever.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ypt4na.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nha9d9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6kpdzb.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lgthdn.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/heb7mu.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yau1b2.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kysc9r.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vct2a8.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g3i0ms.jpg)
+
+After entering the Pu Hadin tomb complex, you reach stone steps leading up the hill. The stone railings on both sides are carved with traditional patterns and designs, including lions playing with balls, carp jumping over the dragon gate, and the three rams bringing prosperity (sanyang kaitai). At the top of the steps stands a foyer with a four-cornered pointed roof topped with a glazed vase. Above it is a plaque inscribed with the words 'Tianfang Ju Yue' (The Standard of the Holy Land).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jpqmog.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rwiuyr.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vjfxs7.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xpp27s.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cvkpm0.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/se972t.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/igrrlt.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k8wynw.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5mreer.jpg)
+
+The center of the Pu Hadin tomb complex is the Pu Hadin tomb pavilion. The tomb pavilion has a four-cornered pointed roof with a glazed vase on top, and the interior features a corbelled dome. Inside the pavilion is the tomb cover stone, which follows the classic Song and Yuan dynasty style for Hui Muslims. It has a five-tiered Sumeru pedestal structure carved with scrolling peonies, ruyi flowers, and scripture. Today, the tomb cover stone is covered by a cloth and cannot be seen.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/azx0bz.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0davjn.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2h71rk.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ecd964.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g44u01.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/haryvf.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n2nxhv.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5d34hv.jpg)
+
+The pavilion features a stone tablet erected in 1726 (the fourth year of the Yongzheng reign) that reads 'Tomb of the Sage Pu Hadin from the Western Regions who attained the Way,' with carvings of longevity peaches and lotus flowers around the edges.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/guqi2i.jpg)
+
+Inside the north foyer, there is also a 'Record of the Tomb of the Sage Pu Hadin from the Western Regions' erected in 1908 (the 34th year of the Guangxu reign). Besides recording Pu Hadin's birth and death, it includes legendary stories known within the community as 'karamat' (miraculous signs). The inscription records that an old monk from the Dragon King Temple tried to compete with Pu Hadin in magic, but he could not win and was eventually humbled. It also records that in the early Qing dynasty, thieves tried to dig up Pu Hadin's tomb. After they opened the tomb cover stone, a raging fire suddenly broke out and burned many of the thieves. Later, they saw there were no remains in the tomb, only a scroll of the Quran (Tianjing) and a hat, shoes, fan, and staff. The inscription is signed by 'the imam of this mosque and others who supervised the carving.' The imam of this mosque refers to the leader of the Babayao Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8nw8y0.jpg)
+
+Around the Pu Hadin tomb pavilion are the tomb pavilions of several other sages, including the sage Sa Ganda who passed away in 1278 (the third year of the Jingyan reign of the Song dynasty), the sages Mahamude and Zhanmaluding who passed away in 1469 (the fifth year of the Chenghua reign of the Ming dynasty), the sage Fana who passed away in 1498 (the 11th year of the Hongzhi reign), and the tomb of Wang Keng, a merchant from Xi'an, Shaanxi, who passed away in 1501 (the 14th year of the Hongzhi reign of the Ming dynasty). The tomb pavilions all contain traditional Song and Yuan dynasty Sumeru pedestal tomb cover stones. I saw them in 2017, but when I went back in 2025, they were all covered with cloths and could not be seen.
+
+The pavilion also has a stone tablet from the Qianlong reign commemorating the reconstruction, which lists: 'The great sage Pu Hadin, a 16th-generation descendant of the Holy Prophet from the Western Regions, in the first year of the Deyou reign of the Song dynasty; the sage Sa Ganda from the Western Regions in the third year of the Jingyan reign of the Song dynasty; the sage Mahamude from the Western Regions in the fifth year of the Chenghua reign of the Ming dynasty; the sage Zhanmaluding from the Western Regions in the fifth year of the Chenghua reign of the Ming dynasty; and the sage Fana from the Western Regions in the 11th year of the Hongzhi reign of the Ming dynasty.' The inscription reads, Rebuilt in the lunar eighth month of the Bing-Shen year of the Qianlong reign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uxcsfw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n1j6kg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ifhada.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fdjlbs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qrn6v7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lwmgif.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2m70jq.jpg)
+
+There are two ancient ginkgo trees in the cemetery, one of which is 750 years old and was planted when the cemetery was built in 1275. The 23rd day of the seventh lunar month this year marks the 750th anniversary of Pu Hadin's passing, and a grand memorial event will be held then.
+
+The year 1275 was also when Yangzhou fell to the Yuan dynasty. That year, the Yuan general Wuliangha Ashu besieged Yangzhou, but the Song dynasty defenders refused to surrender, and the Yuan army failed to take the city after repeated attacks. The siege lasted for one year and three months. Eventually, a minor general inside the city opened the gates to surrender. The main commanders, Li Tingzhi and Jiang Cai, were captured, and the Yuan dynasty finally occupied Yangzhou. Therefore, this ancient ginkgo tree in the cemetery is a witness to the transition between the Song and Yuan dynasties.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f428rb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xnfoz8.jpg)
+
+Most of the Qing dynasty tombstones in the Pu Hadin cemetery show official titles. One of them, from the fifth year of the Xianfeng reign, belongs to Tao Gong, a garrison commander of Gushuijing Fort under the Ningxia Town of Gansu, who was granted a blue peacock feather by the emperor.
+
+There are also some unearthed Yuan dynasty tomb capstones in the cemetery, but they are currently covered with tarps and cannot be seen.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zejd0i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yzrupu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ofzss2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ve3moj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lx0fb8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/voxwhq.jpg)
+
+On the cemetery wall, there is a 1932 stele titled Inscription for Han Aheng Yuchun. The inscription records that Imam Han Tongrong was from Hanjiachai in Yucheng County, Shandong. He was born in 1837 (the 17th year of the Daoguang reign), studied the classics from a young age, and later traveled to Ningxia and Hohhot for his studies. After graduating in 1867 (the sixth year of the Tongzhi reign), he returned to Shandong and then traveled south. When he passed through Yangzhou, the local elders asked him to stay. He set up a school at the Baba Yao Mosque next to the Pu Hadin cemetery and taught over thirty students, including several religious leaders with the surnames Lan, Ma, and Wang. Four years later, Imam Han left Yangzhou to preach and teach in Hubei, Fujian, Jiangxi, and other places, with his students spread across the entire southeast region. During this time, Imam Han briefly returned to teach in Yangzhou before traveling to Zhejiang, Suzhou, Tianjin, and Shanghai. He returned to Yangzhou to teach in 1898 (the 24th year of the Guangxu reign) and stayed until he passed away in 1915 at the age of 79, after which he was buried in the Pu Hadin cemetery.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a1w845.jpg)
+
+The Pu Hadin cemetery houses four Yuan dynasty tombstones. Three of them are primarily in Arabic with some Persian place names, while the front of the fourth one is written in Chinese characters. These four tombstones were discovered in the city foundations in 1924-1925 when the Dangjun Tower at the south gate of Yangzhou was demolished. It was originally kept in the tomb of the sages next to the Crane Mosque (Xianhe Si) and moved to the Puhading Cemetery in 1959.
+
+During the Song Dynasty, a government hostel was set up at the south gate of Yangzhou. The area outside the south gate became a major settlement for Arab and Persian merchants. An ancient mosque (Nanmenwai Gusi) was built there, but it was later occupied by a glass factory and the main hall was demolished in 1984. A cemetery was also built nearby. In 1357, the 17th year of the Zhizheng era of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang captured Yangzhou and used some of the tombstones to build the Dangjun Tower at the south gate.
+
+One of the Chinese-language tombstones is inscribed with 'Tomb of the Darughachi of Huizhou Circuit, Nie Gubo, Tongyi'. The term Darughachi originally meant 'seal holder' and referred to officials who held real administrative and military power in local areas during the Yuan Dynasty. The Huizhou Circuit was a high-ranking circuit, so the Darughachi held a rank of 3a. Tongyi is short for 'Tongyi Dafu', which is also a 3a rank. During the Yuan Dynasty, most Darughachi were Mongols, though some were Semu people with noble family backgrounds. The back of the stone records Nie Gubo's life and praises him as a 'noble, diligent, and excellent religious educator, an outstanding leader who helped the weak, was charitable and generous, and loved the people, a respected elder... a man of great virtue and wisdom, generous and fair, and blessed with great fortune.' It also notes that he passed away on the 2nd day of the 12th month of the Islamic calendar year 709, which is May 3, 1310, the third year of the Zhida era of the Yuan Dynasty.
+
+The second tombstone records: 'The pardoned deceased Shams al-Din Asif Allah Balaji... at the time of early June, 724 (Islamic calendar).' This corresponds to the end of May or early June of 1324, the first year of the Taiding era of the Yuan Dynasty.
+
+The third tombstone belongs to a Persian woman who also passed away in 1324. Her name was Aisha Khatun, with 'Khatun' meaning 'lady'. The inscription says: 'She was a chaste, virtuous, and capable woman... her father was Lezunding, a well-respected official in the religious community.'
+
+The fourth tombstone is damaged. It belonged to a missionary named Ala al-Din who died in 1302, the sixth year of the Dade era of the Yuan Dynasty. The inscription describes him as a merchant who was skilled in business and highly respected by the people.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x8dyc8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fabst0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/msi9h9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/471cb5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lolrfx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/07lhj1.jpg)
+
+On the east side of the Puhading Cemetery is the tomb of General Zhang Xin, who passed away in 1551, the 30th year of the Jiajing era of the Ming Dynasty. General Zhang's ancestor, Damuchi, came from Samarkand. The 'Continued Records of Jiangdu County' from the Republic of China era states: 'General Zhaoyong, named Xin, was the grandson of the Hui Muslim Damuchi. He held the rank of Cavalry Commandant. Because he was an excellent archer, he was granted the surname Zhang and his household was registered in Yangzhou, located behind the Puhading tomb outside Tongji Gate.'
+
+The spirit way archway for General Zhang was erected by his grandson, Zhang Heng. Zhang Heng was a famous Ming Dynasty general who fought against Japanese pirates and served as the hereditary commander of the Yangzhou Guard. In April 1556 (the 35th year of the Jiajing reign), Japanese pirates attacked Yangzhou. Zhang Heng, a retired Huaiyang assistant regional commander, personally led troops to fight them and died on the battlefield. The stone sheep beside the spirit way was once kept at Slender West Lake until it was moved back in 2011.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/znfs00.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/euo08y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jl6ffw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/03owc4.jpg)
+
+Next to General Zhang Xin's tomb is the cenotaph of Zuo Baogui, a famous Qing Dynasty general who fought against the Japanese. During the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894 (the 20th year of the Guangxu reign), Zuo Baogui led his troops to hold the Xuanwu Gate in Pyongyang and dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese army. On September 15, Zuo Baogui personally fired a cannon. His right arm was broken, but he bandaged the wound and kept fighting. He was then hit in the chest by a shell and died heroically at the age of 57. That same year, the Yangzhou government followed an imperial decree to build a cenotaph and a shrine for Zuo Baogui in the south section of the Puhading Tomb. The shrine was later destroyed, leaving only the tomb cover stone of the cenotaph.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0fahwj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i6igcn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/40vgm5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cw1fbf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8hg6gf.jpg)
+
+**Babayao Mosque**
+
+The mosque southwest of the Puhading Tomb garden is called Huihui Tang Mosque or Babayao Mosque. It was one of the six Hui Muslim districts in Yangzhou during the Qing Dynasty and is the only one remaining of the three districts outside the city. Babayao Mosque currently appears as it did after being rebuilt in 1776 (the 41st year of the Qianlong reign) and renovated in 1845 (the 25th year of the Daoguang reign), featuring the traditional architectural style typical of the Huaiyang region.
+
+The main gate of Babayao Mosque is on the southwest side of the Puhading Tomb garden. The stone plaque above the gate was installed during the Qianlong reign, and the rectangular door-pillow stones are very elegant.
+
+The main prayer hall is on the north side of the gate, right next to the stone path of the Grand Canal, and features upturned eaves. The interior has a hard mountain roof, floor-to-ceiling slanted lattice partition doors, and a large wooden column-and-tie structural frame.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2zap5z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v49re0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5iet3a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xfiapp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m2gdrf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rggtd0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j1sysp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lw983w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/az5d8t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mb4cqc.jpg)
+
+**Shaobo Mosque**
+
+Traveling north from Yangzhou city along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, the first place you reach is the ancient town of Shaobo. Historically, Shaobo was a bustling canal trading port and a key route connecting Yangzhou and Gaoyou. The ancient town still keeps a three-mile-long stone-paved road and over 20 ancient houses from the Ming and Qing dynasties.
+
+Shaobo Mosque is said to have been built by Hui Muslims from Shandong during the Xianfeng era. Its gate and main hall still stand, and it is a protected cultural site in Jiangdu District, Yangzhou. The mosque was once used as a private residence and is now abandoned.
+
+The gate still has its original lintel and drum-shaped stone bases. The main hall is a hard-gable style building with grey bricks and dark tiles, showing typical Jianghuai architectural style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/003til.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ldl9wu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4jx1bx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5aa4k6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pce1yr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/soc1qq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cjbrjc.jpg)
+
+Shaobo Mosque is three bays wide and seven purlins deep. The gable walls have brick wind boards, the ridge purlin is supported by a dou-gong bracket set, and the columns rest on ancient mirror-style bases carved with patterns. Besides the main hall, Shaobo Mosque once had other buildings, but now only stone remains like column bases are left.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x2std5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8o717t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/df46tp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yx0ioa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c0pwfl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b8jelb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/huc5pi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xek0n8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6ehfzq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i47p43.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y45qat.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0pxieu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jg5bet.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8awne6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w3dxk4.jpg)
+
+**Gaoyou Mosque**
+
+Travel north from the ancient town of Shaobo along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal to reach the ancient city of Gaoyou. I visited Gaoyou Mosque in 2021 but learned it only opens for Jumuah. This time, I came specifically for Jumuah and finally got inside.
+
+Gaoyou Mosque was first built in the Qing dynasty. According to the Gaoyou Prefecture Records (Qianlong era), local elders Ma Guixing, Liu Tianxing, and Ma Hongxing rebuilt it in 1864 (the third year of Tongzhi). The gate now has a stone lintel inscribed with 'Rebuilt in the middle of winter, the second year of Tongzhi' and a title from the local prefecture office.
+
+Gaoyou Mosque consists of a gate and a main hall, forming an elegant and beautiful traditional Jianghuai courtyard. Inside, there is a 175-year-old boxwood tree, a 225-year-old Chinese juniper, and an ancient Qing dynasty well.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a70g5s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v0lmkx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mys6yd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ikplkk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oz67wc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ihirie.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1hi9nh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h5h1mn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mkbcii.jpg)
+
+The main hall of Gaoyou Mosque is quite small, and its mihrab is in the traditional Jiangsu style. The people attending Jumuah are mostly friends (dost) from Northwest China who run hand-pulled noodle (lamian) shops. This is the current situation for many mosques in the southeast region.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yowbnu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xs13tm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ezduxq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z1crth.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o0909y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ur6qci.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h6pupq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5b48im.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4e6z0b.jpg)
+
+**Lingtang Mosque**
+
+At the end of the Yuan dynasty, Lingtang had a mosque built at 'Huihui Bay' by Gaoyou Lake, but it was later destroyed by a flood. It moved to Yangdazhuang in the mid-Ming dynasty, then to its current site in the early Qing dynasty. It was rebuilt in 1844 (the 24th year of Daoguang), expanded again in 1921, and finished in 1924. The sweet osmanthus tree next to the kiln hall was planted when local villager Xue Yukuan and his wife, Mrs. Xue Yang, had their nikah ceremony performed by an imam. It has a history of over 130 years.
+
+**See "2021 Trip to Gaoyou, Yangzhou, and Zhenjiang".**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/egesjq.jpg)
+
+**Baoying Mosque.**
+
+Traveling north from Gaoyou along the Grand Canal, you reach Baoying County. This is the northernmost part of Yangzhou, and further north lies Huai'an.
+
+Baoying Mosque was originally located in Guojia Lane inside the east gate of the county town, though its founding date is unknown. It was rebuilt in 1910 (the second year of the Xuantong reign) at the entrance of Luoxiang Lane at the foot of the south city wall. With the help of Tao, the wife of anti-Japanese hero Zuo Baogui, and led by Imam Zhao Dezhai and others, the mosque was officially completed in 1914 through funds raised by many people from Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Huaiyin, Yangzhou, Yancheng, and local Baoying residents like Gao Mu Ma Jinshi. Baoying Mosque closed after 1958, was rebuilt on its original site in 2002, and officially reopened in 2006.
+
+The mosque still has the water well dug during the 1910 reconstruction and the ginkgo tree planted at that time. Imam Li at the mosque is from Siyang, Jiangsu. He usually runs the nearby "Li's Beef and Mutton" shop. If you want to enter the mosque, just call the number posted at the door. Imam Li is very welcoming. He mentioned that some local Gao Mu still come to the mosque for Jumu'ah prayers, which is better than some mosques where almost everyone attending is a dost from the Northwest. Imam Li comes from the Zhe school's Banqiao Daotang, but he treats all sects equally, and the religious community in Baoying County is very united.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vjmlew.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v09u1b.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Seven_Historic_Mosques_in_Yangzhou__Part_2.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Seven_Historic_Mosques_in_Yangzhou__Part_2.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..138954ccefe3bffb4385647a935d956f31ccecf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Seven_Historic_Mosques_in_Yangzhou__Part_2.md
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Seven Historic Mosques in Yangzhou, Part 2"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2518"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2518"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:45Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "50eae59229b5b7cc232d80ebd1ab76618d317c2d77e81f7957a21b16548049fc"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Seven Historic Mosques in Yangzhou, Part 2
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** The second part of the Yangzhou mosque journey focuses on Baoying and local Hui Muslim food connected to the mosque community. This short account keeps the restaurant, halal meat details, and photographs from the original post.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zfm7g8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x1ceqt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ge1ph.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/onfj21.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bx6qkp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b6zhxy.jpg)
+
+Baoying County also has a beef and lamb restaurant run by local Hui Muslims. You can eat local Hui Muslim specialties there, and all the meat is slaughtered by Imam Li. It is a pity that the owner was busy and the shop was closed when we visited. If you are passing through Baoying County, I recommend that fellow Muslims (dost) stop by and give it a try.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aqeb4f.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Shadian__Yunnan___Hui_Muslims__Mosques_and_Local_History.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Shadian__Yunnan___Hui_Muslims__Mosques_and_Local_History.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..31b2dd7e56b6451457929909039a11187df00d5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Shadian__Yunnan___Hui_Muslims__Mosques_and_Local_History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Shadian, Yunnan — Hui Muslims, Mosques and Local History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1955"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1955"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:04Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "6f203f9036f33ac6ad6f7ea3a434986aad0dbff3daa289c468961e266a30f9cc"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Shadian, Yunnan — Hui Muslims, Mosques and Local History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Shadian, Yunnan — Hui Muslims, Mosques and Local History is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Author: Zainab. The account keeps its focus on Shadian Travel, Hui Muslims, Yunnan Mosques while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+Author: Zainab
+
+We traveled from Jianshui Ancient City to Shadian and ate at Shadian Shihui in front of the Great Mosque. We had stir-fried chayote tips (fengshou guajian), five-spice chicken, sweet and sour pork tenderloin, cold tossed cattail shoots with wood ear mushrooms, and steamed lotus root with rice flour (fenzheng ou). The food options here are quite rich! Since a banquet had just finished when we arrived, our food came out very quickly.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6va0uz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qdneg3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xbmgiv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aogx7p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2ihtwt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vec00i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rphoq9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mkovfk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c1meoq.jpg)
+
+The Shadian Great Mosque has a very tropical feel.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8u8f10.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/svdbk2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ejd50g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1mbqhn.jpg)
+
+**Yufeng School**
+
+In the mid-Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, responding to the imperial decree to stop the imperial examinations and start schools, the famous late Qing general and Yunnan Kaihua Town commander Bai Jinzhu led the Shadian villagers to donate funds and establish their own school in 1892. Because the school was located at the foot of Jinyu Mountain, it was named Yufeng Academy. Bai Jinzhu was a famous anti-French general who led from the front during the 1884 Sino-French War and was awarded the title of Shengyong Baturu.
+
+In 1905, following the Qing Dynasty's order to establish primary schools in every township, Yufeng Academy was renamed Shadian Primary School. It was divided into classes A, B, C, and D, with over 60 students. In 1914, Bai Jinzhu's son, Bai Liangcheng, returned to Shadian after graduating from the Yunnan School of Law and Political Science and was hired as the principal of Yufeng Academy. Bai Liangcheng strongly advocated for modern education and added subjects like Chinese, arithmetic, physical education, and music to the school.
+
+Due to the increasing number of students, Bai Liangcheng and Commander Bai Qicheng led the villagers to rebuild the academy in 1921, and it was completed in 1923. The new academy had four classrooms, an office, and a library. Bai Liangcheng wrote the plaque for Yufeng School and the couplet on the stone pillars on both sides, which reads: 'The elegant spirit of Jinyu Mountain brings prosperity to generations of scholars, the clear stream circling the jade belt sets a model for students for a thousand years.' Afterward, Bai Liangcheng hired Arabic scholar Ma Jian, who had returned home after graduating in Kunming, along with Wang Liangbi, Wang Shupu, Ma Ayuanqing, and others as teachers, and changed the school into a primary and junior high school.
+
+In 1943, Bai Liangcheng also founded Yufeng Middle School. At that time, many professors from the National Southwestern Associated University had a good relationship with Bai Liangcheng. He hired Professor Xia Kangnong, Dean of the School of Science at the university, as the principal of Yufeng Middle School, and invited experts and scholars like Tongji University professor Cao Wuli, philosopher Zheng Xin, and historian Bai Shouyi to teach there until the victory of the War of Resistance in 1945.
+
+After Yufeng Primary School moved to a new campus in 1987, the old site of Yufeng Academy was left vacant. It was renovated in 2012 and opened as the Shadian branch of the Honghe Prefecture Library and the Shadian Village History Museum.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xotw25.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8q9mf3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/auv3wn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wkv4zk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l1owiw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hqot8j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gw52xh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e1byil.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/57pixo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rxizry.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lzpia4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jjafqa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r2yoz3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/87d8sr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2nkaj2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cmo1jo.jpg)
+
+**Old houses in Shadian**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j5styj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mrodgv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x4hdl0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/chvbq1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6kxy0c.jpg)
+
+There is a well at the entrance of Yufeng Academy called Xiying Longtan, which was reportedly built by Bai Shouyou and his followers during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. The well is 20 meters deep, and folklore says there is a dragon inside, which is why it is called Dragon Pool (Longtan).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/re02eb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zh8k5q.jpg)
+
+During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Shadian village built walls for defense and constructed seven gatehouses in areas like Xiying, Dongying, and Chuanying. Only the Xiying gatehouse remains today, which is a structure rebuilt during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty. The gatehouse is a two-story brick and wood building. The first floor is for passage, and the second floor is for guards, featuring exquisite carvings and paintings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8y9ea9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ml1daz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nfmxf4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/03uwuk.jpg)
+
+There is a stone arch bridge over the Yudai River in Shadian, which was built with funds donated by Bai Shouyou during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xk6zsv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ykrufn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/23u3bh.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Songpan___Mosques__Gongbei_and_Hui_Muslim_Homes.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Songpan___Mosques__Gongbei_and_Hui_Muslim_Homes.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d04b3d49e496fc390aef38a6b0141d043899c7e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Songpan___Mosques__Gongbei_and_Hui_Muslim_Homes.md
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Songpan - Mosques, Gongbei and Hui Muslim Homes"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2608"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2608"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:51Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "46c560b89ab8d4ba410e28cf0778bb9311266d091e64cc0d7699341372060b3d"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Songpan - Mosques, Gongbei and Hui Muslim Homes
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Songpan County in Sichuan preserves old Hui Muslim mosque quarters, gongbei shrines, and residential lanes inside the ancient city of Songzhou. This travel account follows the Upper Mosque, Lower Mosque, Hui Muslim homes, graves, streets, and local religious landmarks recorded in the source.
+
+The ancient city of Songzhou in Songpan, Sichuan, originally had two mosques, the Upper Mosque and the Lower Mosque. The Upper Mosque was destroyed after 1966, leaving only the Lower Mosque today. Songpan Lower Mosque is located on Middle Street inside the city and is an ancient mosque from the Ming Dynasty. In 1379 (the 12th year of the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty), General Ding Yu rebuilt Songzhou City. As the tea and horse trade routes between Sichuan, Gansu, and Qinghai became busy, Hui Muslim horse and cattle caravans from Shaanxi, Qinghai, Gansu, and Yunnan traveled to Songzhou. Because the original Dongshan Mosque was destroyed in war, the local Tie, Sha, and Chang families of dost (dosti) funded the construction of the Songpan Lower Mosque in 1379.
+
+Songpan Lower Mosque was destroyed multiple times in 1663 (the second year of the Kangxi reign), 1860 (the tenth year of the Xianfeng reign), and 1911 (the third year of the Xuantong reign), and was rebuilt each time. The main prayer hall was rebuilt in 1988, and the Moon-Watching Tower (wangyuelou) was rebuilt in 1996.
+
+After the Friday prayer (Jumu'ah) at the mosque, when there is a funeral (janazah), many Han and Tibetan neighbors come to pay their respects, showing the harmony of the local community.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t73apq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i7x7ci.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6zcpl3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8twele.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9m0ui9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e5u8o5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oe77fy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d09c37.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gdxakv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6hcul2.jpg)
+
+After Jumu'ah, enjoy a slow moment drinking Pu'er tea in the 200-year-old Hui Muslim residence of Ma Chongxian inside Songzhou City.
+
+The residence was first built by Songpan Hui Muslim Ma Chongxian in 1819 (the 24th year of the Jiaqing reign), and Ma's descendants have lived there for generations. After 1951, the house was used as a grain warehouse. It was returned to the Ma family in 1970 and has now been passed down for eight generations.
+
+The Ma Chongxian residence still preserves its all-wood frame and column-and-tie (chuandou) structure from the Jiaqing era. It is a typical example of traditional northwest Sichuan architecture and was named one of the first historical buildings in Songpan County in December 2017.
+
+Since 2012, the Ma family has run the Ancestral Home Inn here. You can stay, drink tea, or eat, and all dost are welcome to experience it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gs15lo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oure7t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/npki4h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i72oza.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yp7q8p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zhvang.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7wp1jp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e79t8o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uzlha6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h5osl7.jpg)
+
+Hui Muslim residences in the ancient city of Songzhou include the Ma Zhiliang residence, the gatehouse of the Ma Zhide residence, and the gatehouse of the Sha family courtyard.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iii8uj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3qnaid.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3b19rv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1rya15.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w4bnvj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2orhzf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/35okts.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mhxfpd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ir4ejx.jpg)
+
+After the Qing Dynasty, the tea and horse trade in Songpan flourished. In 1896 (the 22nd year of the Guangxu reign), tea merchant Ma Jian built the Songpan North Mosque by the Minjiang River outside the north gate of Songzhou ancient city. Songpan North Mosque was destroyed twice, in 1911 and 1919, and was later rebuilt under the leadership of Imam Mi Depei from Gansu. The mosque houses a plaque inscribed by Bai Chongxi that reads 'Promote Education and Build the Nation.' The main hall was rebuilt in 2005, and the gatehouse and Moon-Watching Tower were rebuilt in 2011.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/imf5fj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ulrlv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0t2uqd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3lmb03.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/inybqe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1eb7ss.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rk5ac4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qsaqeg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pxphc2.jpg)
+
+Songpan Guangzhao Pavilion Gongbei is located northeast of Songzhou City and belongs to the Qadiriyya (Gaderenye) Sufi order (menhuan). According to the Republic of China-era 'Songpan County Annals,' in 1686 (the 25th year of the Kangxi reign), Huazhe Abudonglaxi traveled from Linxia to Songpan to preach, then continued to Langzhong to meet Ma Ziyun, the commander of northern Sichuan. In 1689 (the 28th year of the Kangxi reign), Huazhe passed away (returned to Allah) in Langzhong. On that same day, the dost in Songpan suddenly saw Huazhe arrive. He stayed for a few days and then left without saying where he was going. Only when the Songpan dost received a letter from Ma Ziyun days later did they learn the date of Huazhe's passing and realize that his visit was a miracle. The Songpan dost then built a pavilion over the grave (gongbei) under the elm tree at the foot of the mountain east of the city where he had stayed, naming it Guangzhao. Since then, whenever there are floods or droughts, people go to the gongbei to make dua.
+
+According to the 'Biography of the Grand Master,' Qi Jingyi, a disciple of Huazhe and founder of the Great Gongbei, went to Guangzhao Pavilion Gongbei in 1694 (the 33rd year of the Kangxi reign) to teach. People came in an endless stream to listen, and even the local Songpan garrison commander came to see him. Later, the commander was inspired by Qi Jingyi, gave up his high position and wealth, and followed Qi Jingyi to pursue a life of spiritual practice.
+
+The Light Pavilion (Guangzhao Ting) was torn down after 1966. In 1997, Yang Jiefang, the head of the Great Gongbei (Da Gongbei), led its reconstruction. It was renovated again in 2019 to reach its current appearance. I was welcomed by an imam at the Gongbei Mosque (Gongbei Si), where I learned a lot about Sufism and enjoyed tea and steamed buns (momo). I felt very grateful.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r0j80z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3jwecq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g4e3ky.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n00lyj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xrmhbb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8izl8h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6rtt8n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ov6mal.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fwy0rh.jpg)
+
+In the dua hall of the Light Pavilion Gongbei, the mihrab features three wooden carvings of dua in the shapes of a fan, a circle, and an incense burner. Building a prayer hall inside a gongbei is a characteristic of the Great Gongbei menhuan, which is why it is also called the Gongbei Mosque. There is an imam inside the Gongbei Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3set0z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xzlmda.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u6ehh3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5oy549.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yzqbso.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tfbsn0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rtxuzh.jpg)
+
+Walking further up the mountain from the Songpan Light Pavilion Gongbei leads to a Hui Muslim cemetery. Continuing to climb higher, you can see another site, the Hidden Immortal Pavilion (Yinxian Ting) Gongbei. The Hidden Immortal Pavilion Gongbei is usually closed. You need to contact the imam at the Light Pavilion Gongbei Mosque down the mountain to open the door.
+
+The Hidden Immortal Pavilion Gongbei is also called the Upper Gongbei. In 1736 (the first year of the Qianlong reign), it became the burial site for Ma Guangzu, who came to China to preach during the Kangxi reign. According to the Republic of China era 'Songpan County Annals, Volume 8, Miscellaneous Records,' Ma Guangzu traveled through Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces before finally arriving at a cave on a slope near the Light Pavilion in Songpan to meditate. He lived on dates and chestnuts. When local Songpan dostis (friends/disciples) came to seek his guidance, he taught them to respect Allah and purify their hearts to see their true nature. Ma Guangzu was 120 years old when he returned to Allah in 1736. To honor him, the Songpan dostis built a gongbei pavilion over his thatched hut. In the early years of the Jiaqing reign, when the White Lotus Sect attacked Songzhou City, they passed by the Gongbei. They suddenly saw an old man in a green robe who was as tall as the mountain, leading soldiers in white armor to fill the valley, which scared the White Lotus Sect members away. To thank the old man for his miraculous protection, the Qing official Hong Fan personally wrote the plaque 'Protect My People' (Bao Wo Limin) and hung it on the middle door of the main hall of the Gongbei.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1x1r20.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r6ngj6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/328l1l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/607pfd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yl1s8y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/swmrd4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/efkrhe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d2jr1b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/trw29v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2e3bn1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5lceo8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tmdl0p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ue7gl2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zrkfjt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zzbjxy.jpg)
+
+Yousuotun Mosque is located in Yousuotun Village, 5 kilometers north of Songpan City. It was built over two years starting in 1933, after villagers Ma Bolong and Ma Qijun donated the land. It stopped being used after 1958, was destroyed after 1966, rebuilt in 1986, and reconstructed again in 2008 into its current form.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2l44y9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4hwjyr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g1yn9t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7vwod2.jpg)
+
+The Hui Muslim homes in Yousuotun retain the traditional architectural style of the Sichuan-Tibet region and are well worth seeing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b1tugk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gdlvvu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/922za8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lusjdd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zipv1h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7u2d7k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mue8tj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ory4gy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5wa9js.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/scg79g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4wis97.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/suiyxl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/93eq57.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vk93ke.jpg)
+
+Huoshaotun Mosque is located in Huoshaotun Village by the Min River, north of Songpan City. It was first built in 1920, and it was being rebuilt when I visited. Huoshaotun Village has branded itself as a 'Ten-Mile Hui Muslim Cultural Town,' but in reality, there are very few places to eat there.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lgs8ua.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jdxqld.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i25ypx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ue8s2x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mrtuz7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5vpbw6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y85cq2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9p63vc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y01m7z.jpg)
+
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Tai_an__Shandong___Ramadan_Mosque_Visits_and_Hui_History.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Tai_an__Shandong___Ramadan_Mosque_Visits_and_Hui_History.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c34990ce4e649870beb896724a26faf7a659d440
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Tai_an__Shandong___Ramadan_Mosque_Visits_and_Hui_History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Tai'an, Shandong - Ramadan Mosque Visits and Hui History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2550"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2550"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:08Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "48ee847aae3b90846ff45af6bfedadce42bff9a511e9d6b2cfcd37fff9dd13fb"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Tai'an, Shandong - Ramadan Mosque Visits and Hui History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Ramadan trip visits three historic mosques in Tai'an, Shandong: Taicheng Mosque, Dong Mosque, and Xiawang Mosque. The account records their dated steles, prayer hall layouts, imam history, Hui Muslim neighborhoods, and preserved mosque details.
+
+During Ramadan in 2025, I spent three Saturdays taking the high-speed train to visit nine ancient mosques in Jinan, Qingzhou, and Tai'an, Shandong. The first two articles covered the mosques in Jinan and Qingzhou. This is the third article, covering my visit to Taicheng Mosque, East Mosque, and Xiawang Mosque in Tai'an.
+
+**Taicheng Mosque.**
+
+Taicheng Mosque is said to have been built in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. It was renovated many times during the Ming, Qing, and Republican eras. The mosque still keeps a stone tablet header inscribed with "Mosque" (Qingzhensi) dated 1619, the 40th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty.
+
+The prayer hall consists of a front porch, a main hall, and a rear kiln-style hall (yaodian) connected together. The roof of the kiln-style hall is a double-eaved hip-and-gable roof. The main hall uses a beam-lifting wooden frame structure, and there is a two-meter-thick archway between it and the kiln-style hall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ac7c5u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vc1w1m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iwrs44.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yacys9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ludcr2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/90e7gm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/70wezx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w683jy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zadd7x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i4pik4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c7gldo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ltjj9t.jpg)
+
+**Brick-carved gable ends (chitou).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rgecz5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3q2nms.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aly89b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/siqvrp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4k7pio.jpg)
+
+**The tablet corridor of Taicheng Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lerrqj.jpg)
+
+The "Laifu Ming" (Inscription on Returning to the Origin) tablet from the fourth year of the Tianqi reign of the Ming Dynasty. The "Laifu Ming" was written in the seventh year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty by Chen Si, the imam (zhangjiao) of the South Mosque in Jinan, and was carved into stone at Taicheng Mosque in the fourth year of the Tianqi reign. The "Laifu Ming" is the first Chinese-language tablet inscription written by an imam. It is also the first work in China to combine Islamic teachings and principles with Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism. It pioneered the practice of interpreting scriptures through Confucianism in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, making it highly valuable for history and philosophy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tsur7u.jpg)
+
+The donation tablet from the 24th year of the Qianlong reign records how many Muslims (mumin) donated money to renovate the halls and add property to the mosque. Among them, Mi Hanru donated 3.5 mu of land, Yang Kunshan donated 3 mu, and Li Changqi, Li Hui, and others donated the rent from their shops to the mosque to serve as the imam's salary.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3pv9mb.jpg)
+
+The "Record of Renovating the Mosque" tablet from the 14th year of the Guangxu reign was written by local scholar Song Guangrun. It records that the imam at the time, Wang Jingshan, initiated the renovation, and the local elders and Muslims responded immediately. Elder Yang Yucheng took the lead in donating funds and directing the construction, which took three years to complete.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/77w7hs.jpg)
+
+The renovation tablet from the 33rd year of the Republic of China records that the imam, elders, and Muslims agreed to renovate the mosque. People from all walks of life in Tai'an donated 12,213 silver dollars, fellow townsmen in Shanghai donated 1,165 yuan, local Muslims donated 685 yuan, and elder Ma Ziming donated a set of curtains.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ocrzg.jpg)
+
+Taicheng East Mosque, also known as Beixinjie Mosque, faces Taicheng Mosque across the Nai River. It was founded in 1920 by the national industrialist Ma Bosheng. It was closed from 1966 to 1994, rebuilt in 1995, and renovated again in 2006. The mosque still has the "Mosque" (Qingzhensi) door plaque written by the founder, Ma Bosheng.
+
+Ma Bosheng's ancestral home was in Dezhou. His father, Ma Rende, fled to Tai'an during the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty and made a living selling steamed buns (baozi) outside the west city gate. Ma Bosheng studied hard and attended the Tianshu Temple and the Yang Family Charity School in Tai'an as a child, later entering Cuiying Middle School. In 1916, Ma Bosheng was hired as a translator for Chinese laborers and traveled to Canada, England, France, and other countries. Seeing Western industrial civilization inspired his determination to save the country through industry. In 1919, Ma Bosheng returned to Shandong. He first worked at the British-American Tobacco Company and an insurance company in Jinan, then founded the Renfeng Textile Mill, gradually becoming a business giant in Shandong.
+
+In 1927, Ma Bosheng founded the Rende School in Tai'an. He hired excellent teachers from Jinan, Qufu, and other places, allowed children from poor families to attend for free, and provided them with free textbooks and uniforms. Ma Bosheng also started literacy classes for common people and night schools to eliminate illiteracy and promote education. Ma Bosheng built the Rende Flour Mill across from the school. It produced 500 bags of "Mountain Tiger" brand flour daily, changing the production methods of Tai'an's manual workshops. The flour was high quality and affordable, and he regularly gave it to poor families for free, using the surplus to fund the school. Ma Bosheng worked with local gentry to start the Taishan Forest Company. They planted trees and cleared over 150 mu of land at Guangshengquan, where they bought apple trees and built an orchard.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cqp5xq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8gf7yv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9gq5az.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sjvozg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uo7f3w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1q0fe8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i8zths.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1o4ywf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bsxe61.jpg)
+
+Xiawang Mosque in Taian sits in the western suburbs. Its founding date is unknown, but a stone tablet from 1626 (the sixth year of the Tianqi reign of the Ming Dynasty) records that Li Qin was the imam at that time. The main hall of Xiawang Mosque was rebuilt in 1734 (the twelfth year of the Yongzheng reign). It was burned down during wartime in 1864 (the second year of the Tongzhi reign) and rebuilt again in 1873 (the twelfth year of the Tongzhi reign). It was listed as a Shandong Provincial Cultural Relic Protection Unit in 2013.
+
+Xiawang Mosque stands on a high platform. The courtyard feels ancient and very solemn.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ug3gyp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fbnxj1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/stypfo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k0k6iy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z2h11w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/th0mky.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mtjltf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/px1kv4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rtahxi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oj3484.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/04kz1u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vecirq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v5fhkn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w0kl4u.jpg)
+
+The kiln hall (yaodian) and north lecture hall at Xiawang Mosque in Taian, Shandong, have a late 20th-century feel. A pair of scripture boxes each hold 15 books, which is very traditional. There is also a group photo of the village elders at Xiawang Mosque from 1933. You can see everyone wearing long gowns (dagua), with those in the front row wearing mandarin jackets (magua), and everyone wearing small dark caps.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sahvvw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hwacge.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r0wdba.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kfccvc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nqpea6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f7jur8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mlfx3g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/06elpm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/surnzy.jpg)
+
+Xiawang Mosque in Taian houses many stone tablets:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zyudmb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7y80ry.jpg)
+
+The 1734 tablet for donated land records that Li Bingjie from Henggou Village donated 16.6 mu of land to the mosque, and Wang Zhangzhe from the same village donated an adjacent one mu of land to the mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zqgnq1.jpg)
+
+The 1837 renovation tablet records that Xiawang Mosque was renovated in 1821. In 1835, Han Qingyu from Xiaoyandi Village and the villagers donated money for building oil painting and decorations. In 1837, Yang Dianhua, Wang Jiesan, Wang Zhonghua, and others agreed to donate money to rebuild the water room and side rooms, and a daughter of the Ding family from Huangjia Village donated land.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lhol6w.jpg)
+
+The 1872 "Preface to the Renovation of the Mosque" records that the main hall of Xiawang Mosque was burned down during the war in 1863. Later, elders Yang Yucheng and Han Liqing were the first to donate money, and the whole village worked together to rebuild the mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/svdq92.jpg)
+
+The 1872 "Preface to the Donation of Cypress Trees" records that Yang Yucheng bought back 23 ancient cypress trees in the mosque that were originally going to be sold to pay for the mosque's repairs, keeping them on the grounds.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2eh483.jpg)
+
+The 1873 lawsuit settlement tablet records that the daughter of Xiawang Mosque imam Yang Taixiang died after suffering mistreatment following her marriage into the Ma family. Imam Yang wanted to go to the government to seek justice, but the villagers persuaded him to stay. After mediation, the Ma family was fined 100,000 jingqian coins to end the dispute. Imam Yang used the money to redeem two mu of mosque land to cover mosque expenses.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/seo745.jpg)
+
+The 1875 land and money donation tablet records that elder Yang Yucheng donated money to redeem two mu of school land that had been mortgaged for mosque repairs, with the harvest from the land used for school expenses.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/08uy8b.jpg)
+
+The 1894 "Record of the Renovation of the Rear Hall of Xiawang Mosque" only has the top half remaining.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/puraie.jpg)
+
+Xiawang Mosque in Taian uses a wooden casket (tabu xiazi) for burials (mayiti), which is a feature of traditional Gedimu mosque communities. Traditional solid wood caskets are very heavy and require many people to carry them. Most have now been replaced by stainless steel ones.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/poog6a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/07u7mq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qgqpe4.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Tangjiasi__Chengdu___Hui_Muslim_Community_and_Halal_Food.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Tangjiasi__Chengdu___Hui_Muslim_Community_and_Halal_Food.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0d72c5cd424f915716fdb1e04eff030f1fe0951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Tangjiasi__Chengdu___Hui_Muslim_Community_and_Halal_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Tangjiasi, Chengdu - Hui Muslim Community and Halal Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2556"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2556"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:14Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "fec71c746ae30ddeab6ca4611f7887274d764a5884a46922fe2b40189522911e"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Tangjiasi, Chengdu - Hui Muslim Community and Halal Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Tangjiasi in northern Chengdu is the last normally open mosque in Mimou Town, a Hui Muslim settlement on the old Jinniu Road. The piece follows Tangjiasi Mosque's 1730 founding, its rebuilt prayer hall, nearby halal food, and the remaining traces of Chengdu northern Hui community.
+
+Mimou Town in Sichuan sits in the Qingbaijiang District, right on the border of Chengdu and Guanghan. It is located on the ancient Jinniu Road, a path connecting Sichuan and Shaanxi. Hui Muslims from Shaanxi and Gansu began moving here to settle during the Ming Dynasty, and they built the Luo Family Mosque (Luo Jia Si) in 1471, the seventh year of the Chenghua reign. Frequent wars in Sichuan during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties caused the population to drop sharply. During the Kangxi reign, the Qing government encouraged people to move in and farm the land. The number of Hui Muslims in Mimou Town grew quickly. They built five more mosques: Ma Family Mosque (Ma Jia Si), Hunan Mosque (Hunan Si), Tang Family Mosque (Tang Jia Si), Qingjing Mosque (Qingjing Si), and Chengyi Mosque (Chengyi Si). This made the town a major center for Hui Muslims north of Chengdu. Historically, Tang Family Mosque managed all six mosques in Mimou, so it was also known as the Six-in-One Mosque (Liuhe Si). Today, the Luo Family Mosque, Qingjing Mosque, Ma Family Mosque, and Hunan Mosque have been torn down. Only the second gate of Chengyi Mosque remains. Tang Family Mosque is the only one still open for worship in Mimou.
+
+Tang Family Mosque was first built in 1730, the eighth year of the Yongzheng reign. It was renovated in 1778, 1877, and 1953. After 1966, it was used as a warehouse for a medicinal company, but it reopened after being restored in 1983.
+
+Tang Family Mosque is famous for producing many imams, most the three masters of the Hu family. Imam Hu Yanzhang was known as one of the four great imams of the Republic of China in Henan. Wang Jingzhai called him a mentor for Islamic scripture education in China. He studied scriptures at Tang Family Mosque as a child and later went to Shaanxi and Henan for further learning. In 1917, after debating scriptures with Imam Ma Guangqing at the Wenshu Mosque Street Mosque in Kaifeng, he adopted the Yihewani ideology. He then led his students to open schools in various mosques across Henan, which led many of them to adopt the Yihewani path, while also training a large number of imams.
+
+Imam Hu Shichong is known as the founder of scripture education in the Sichuan-Kang region during the Republic of China. He studied at Tang Family Mosque as a boy and went to Chengdu for advanced studies after 1910. He began teaching in Xiaojin County in 1929, where he trained many students and made major contributions to the continuation of the faith in the Garze and Aba prefectures.
+
+Imam Hu Shiwen was known as one of the four great imams of Sichuan during the Republic of China. He was a cousin of Imam Hu Shichong and a graduate of the Chengda Normal School. He was highly respected by the great Imam Wang Jingzhai. After graduating in 1936, he was hired by the Sichuan Radio Station. He gave weekly lectures on religious knowledge, which quickly made him famous throughout Sichuan. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he worked at the International Radio Station in Chengdu, broadcasting in Arabic to tell the world about China's determination to fight the war. From 1949 to 1960, he served as the imam of the East Mosque in Chengdu and as the deputy imam of the Huangcheng Mosque.
+
+Besides the three masters of the Hu family, the Hu family of Tang Family Mosque produced several other imams. Imam Hu Shixiang is known as the founder of scripture education in Xichang during the Republic of China. He was the younger brother of Imam Hu Shiwen and also graduated from the Chengda Normal School. In 1944, Imam Hu went to the Xichang Imam Training Class to teach for one year. In 1945, he was invited by Bai Chongxi to help establish the Xichang Jiansheng Middle School, where he served as the head of the Arabic department and also taught English. He taught at Jiansheng Middle School for a long time until he retired in 1977. Imam Hu Jiayou served as the imam of the Hu Family Mosque in 1930 until he passed away in 1936. Imam Hu Yushan was the father of Imam Hu Shiwen. He taught at nine different mosques in Dujiangyan and Chengdu.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4jfxvu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vcvpqr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i5k320.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zf8kmu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0d8oem.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xnl4i3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lvi5ow.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/impu45.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3eh3ln.jpg)
+
+The second gate of Tang Family Mosque features a two-layered white horse-head wall. On both sides, there are stone carvings with the couplet: 'The teachings shine for a thousand years, the scriptures pass down for generations with brilliant light.' The horizontal plaque reads: 'The teachings are passed down for generations.'
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r00ahe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/glvdu1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4lziaa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bvu8ih.jpg)
+
+The back wall of the main prayer hall has a bat sculpture, which symbolizes guiding those who travel at night. Below it is a plaque from 1896, the twenty-second year of the Guangxi reign, that reads 'Dao An Dan Deng' (The path to the shore is reached). It is signed by Tang Chuanyou from Dongzou. Tang Chuanyou was a Qing Dynasty calligrapher whose art was famous throughout the capital. His son, Tang Chenglie, worked as an official in Sichuan, so he brought Tang Chuanyou to Sichuan to spend his later years in comfort. The plaque text comes from the Book of Songs, "First to reach the shore." Liu Zhi also wrote in Five Watch Moon (Wu Geng Yue): "From here, step by step forward, reach the shore of the Way and see the truth."
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0wrrbv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xr89zw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pthgsb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/71yz91.jpg)
+
+The mosque keeps a central roof beam replaced during the 2015 renovation. It mentions that the imam at the time of the 43rd year of the Qianlong reign renovation were Luo Hong and Yu Wenqi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0hyw4s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6euanb.jpg)
+
+The newly built prayer hall at Tangjia Mosque in Mimou Town uses traditional architectural styles and features carved traditional floral calligraphy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rm1a7z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r5sa4w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/294h52.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mdvwwa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mvl49p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c1md5y.jpg)
+
+The washroom at Tangjia Mosque features a traditional courtyard with benches. After using the kettle (tangping hu) to wash, the water drains through the courtyard pool, which feels very ancient.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ym13ea.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mpfg31.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tw4hkr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mht0q9.jpg)
+
+Tangjia Mosque stone carvings:
+
+These include the Stele of the 28th Year of Daoguang on Mosque Renovation and Ma Lun Ahong's Fundraising, the Stele of the 2nd Year of Xianfeng on Mimou Town Muslims Donating to Renovate the Main Hall, the Stele of the 4th Year of the Republic of China from the Xindu County Magistrate, the Stele of Mimou Town Muslims Donating to Renovate Chengyi Mosque, and the Tombstone of Sichuan Commander Ma Juezhai.
+
+The Republic of China stele records that the Hu and Ma families of Mimou Town donated over 20 acres of land. The annual income was divided among six mosques—Tangjia, Ma Family, Hunan, Tangjia, Qingjing, and Chengyi—to hold religious gatherings and to honor the ancestors of the Hu and Ma families. However, the head of Tangjia Mosque embezzled the money and destroyed the account books, so the Xindu County magistrate had to step in to resolve the matter.
+
+The Chengyi Mosque stele lists 490 donors with 55 different surnames, including very rare ones like Shi, Su, Zhe, Yu, Hou, and Guo. It is likely that the list of donors was incomplete and another stele with a signature existed, but it is now lost.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k5wre5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/57o1ye.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hbvfao.jpg)
+
+Ma Tiangui, courtesy name Juezhai, was from Songpan, Sichuan. He registered in Chengdu, rose to the rank of Sichuan Commander, was awarded the title of Brave Batulu, and died in battle in 1859 (the 9th year of Xianfeng). Ma Juezhai's tomb was originally next to Chengyi Mosque in Mimou Town. It was destroyed after 1966, and his remains were moved by his descendants to the Ma family cemetery at Qingjing Mosque. The tombstone was saved because it was used as a bridge stone and was brought home by his descendants in 1986. In 2002, the Ma family ancestral home and the Qingjing Mosque cemetery were demolished for land acquisition. The tombstone and remains were moved to the Qingbaijiang Muslim Cemetery and finally to Tangjia Mosque for safekeeping in 2024. Ma Tiangui donated to Xiaoquan Mosque, Tangjia Mosque in Mimou Town, and Qinggang Mosque in Renshou, all of which still have stone steles today. Ma Tiangui's descendants currently run the Ma's Tangjia Mosque Braised Food Shop opposite the Upper Mosque in Tuqiao, Chengdu.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yqgz15.jpg)
+
+Right at the entrance of Tangjia Mosque is a local beef skewer shop. Imam Lan from the mosque treated me to a meal of authentic Sichuan skewers there. The pot base had spicy red oil and mushroom broth. The skewers included fresh tripe, beef tendon, beef spine, honeycomb tripe, and beef brains, all dipped in a sesame oil sauce. This year, they upgraded to "Manager Lan's All-Beef Skewers," and the environment is even better now.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z2pgq7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x11sq3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qqyi3c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h322s0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vlhyd3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4sh9na.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c9cekn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1k6lrj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ejqbfd.jpg)
+
+In the twelfth lunar month, Sichuan Muslim braised food shops are at their busiest. Boiled goose, braised goose, pressed goose, pressed duck, sweet-skin duck, coiled rabbit, braised rabbit, and braised beef are all very popular with people of all backgrounds. There is a row of Muslim braised food shops on Mimou Upper Street right outside Tangjia Mosque. Not only locals but also people from out of town come specifically to buy their New Year goods.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3bnrrj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kp870n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ms1rcw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jdt4pi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a64tf5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/godbhl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/epwadb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aa6yga.jpg)
+
+I had twice-cooked beef and stir-fried vegetables at Huihui Xiang on Mimou Upper Street. In my experience, Sichuan Muslim noodles are quite spicy, but the stir-fried dishes are not all spicy. Many dishes focus more on the fresh, savory flavors brought out by high-heat cooking. Eating at a Sichuan Muslim restaurant always includes pickled radishes, which are very refreshing. There are many more Hui Muslim foods in Mimou Town, such as goose soup noodles (etangmian) and steamed beef in crispy flatbread (zhengniurou jiaguokui), which are both worth a try. This is my second time visiting Tangjiasi, the center of Hui Muslim food in Chengdu, and I will definitely come back again to try other dishes.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n70opn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ccg7u7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ypod68.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/liwcxc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/phyiu3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2jdx8w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1574q7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8m3eig.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/74hcii.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vubtgc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mauls9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jlkffi.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Tianjin_Tianmu_Village___Hui_Muslim_Food_and_Mosque_History.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Tianjin_Tianmu_Village___Hui_Muslim_Food_and_Mosque_History.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..819b47b12701245b79d623dc808a8c367d731a16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Tianjin_Tianmu_Village___Hui_Muslim_Food_and_Mosque_History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Tianjin Tianmu Village — Hui Muslim Food and Mosque History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2165"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2165"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:07Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "ed07429d4aa6904140a75cffd72fd0071c1612fbc9ea7363427336f2d87f1d7f"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Tianjin Tianmu Village — Hui Muslim Food and Mosque History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Tianjin Tianmu Village — Hui Muslim Food and Mosque History is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: At noon on December 25, 2016, I went to Tianmu in Tianjin to explore and eat. I took the 9:55 high-speed train from Beijing South Railway Station to Tianjin West Railway Station, rode the subway for two stops to Qinjian. The account keeps its focus on Tianjin Tianmu, Hui Muslims, Halal Food while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+At noon on December 25, 2016, I went to Tianmu in Tianjin to explore and eat. I took the 9:55 high-speed train from Beijing South Railway Station to Tianjin West Railway Station, rode the subway for two stops to Qinjian Road, and then transferred to a bus for one stop to reach Tianmu Village.
+
+Tianmu Village was originally called Mujiazhuang, commonly known as Muzhuangzi. During the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty, a boatman named Mu Zhonghe from Qiantang County, Hangzhou Prefecture, Zhejiang Province, followed Prince Yan Zhu Di along the Grand Canal to transport grain. After unloading, he traveled south with the current and settled by the North Grand Canal. He continued working in canal transport, which led to the formation of Mujiazhuang.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ibypz5.jpg)
+
+In 1404 (the second year of the Yongle reign), the Mu family built the first mosque, which later became the Tianmu North Mosque. After the Mujiazhuang mosque was built, Hui Muslims from places like Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Hebei kept arriving along the canal to settle down, and Mujiazhuang gradually grew.
+
+During the Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, most people in Mujiazhuang made a living from canal transport and were called boat keepers. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the upper reaches of the North Grand Canal gradually dried up, limiting canal transport, so some boat owners started driving carts or doing business. These cart drivers used a large cart gate as their symbol and were called cart keepers.
+
+During the Xianfeng and Tongzhi reigns of the Qing Dynasty, a new village formed south of Mujiazhuang, named after the Tianqi Temple in the village. In 1951, Mujiazhuang and Tianqi Temple merged to become Tianmu Village.
+
+In 2009, Tianmu Village began demolition. In 2010, 2,400 households moved into the Tianmu Dongyuan residential area, and construction of Tianmu Xiyuan began in 2012. By 2016, Tianmu Village had become ruins, and halal snacks were concentrated on Tianmu Shunyi Road.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hxv396.jpg)
+
+The information about the history of Tianmu Village in this article comes partly from the Draft History of the Hui Muslims in Tianmu.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7l91e2.jpg)
+
+In the late Qing Dynasty, the cattle and sheep industry in Mujiazhuang developed, forming a trade called jizhuang, or consignment farming. Wealthy families in Mujiazhuang bought large numbers of cattle and sheep from the Mongolian grasslands in Zhangjiakou and Duolun County, Inner Mongolia. They bought them thin and fattened them up, hiring people to drive them all the way back to Tianjin, a process known in the trade as driving the herd. Consignment farming was divided into cattle and sheep; those who consigned cattle were called cattle pen keepers, and those who consigned sheep were called sheep pen keepers. In the late Qing and early Republic period, there were over twenty households in Mujiazhuang doing consignment farming. The four largest sheep pen keepers were Desheng, Yicheng, Yuanshun, and Yishuncheng, trading 100,000 sheep annually. After the Republic of China was established, frequent wars and blocked trade routes made it very easy for hundreds or thousands of cattle and sheep to be robbed by soldiers and bandits. By the Japanese occupation era, the consignment farming in Mujiazhuang had completely collapsed.
+
+The cattle and sheep driven back by consignment farmers were wholesaled to small vendors, known as small-scale selling. The earliest small-scale selling involved a wooden box with two heavy ends placed on a wheelbarrow. The middle of the box had a hinged lid, with mutton inside and a meat cleaver on one side. The wooden box was brushed with tung oil, making it shiny, and the sides were painted with black characters reading, Halal Ancient Faith, Western Region Hui Muslims.
+
+After the Republic of China, more and more Hui Muslims from Mujiazhuang opened beef and mutton shops across Tianjin, reaching 110 shops around the time of the July 7th Incident.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nts0nd.jpg)
+
+Now that I have introduced the general situation of Tianmu Village, let's start exploring and eating.
+
+After getting off the bus, I saw an old man selling steamed pear paste (shuligao) next to the Tianmu Village bus stop. There were many flavors, and the fruit jam was also made by the old man himself. I chose red bean paste, brown sugar, and fruit jam flavors; the dark part at the bottom was made from purple sweet potato powder.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0rf2aa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/azj5a9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cujyeg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rbw7p1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/92swz4.jpg)
+
+I went into Shunyi Road. Shunyi Road is the current commercial center of Tianmu, with snack shops lined up one after another. As I walked, I found a shop selling candied hawthorn skewers (tangdui). In Tianjin, some candied hawthorn skewers are stuffed with red bean paste and peanuts, which taste great.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e5y9wn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6ec442.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/maev9n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vd238d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5ofsb0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c2qajt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u62z24.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z3tp1x.jpg)
+
+I continued exploring and ate the meat pie and wonton soup (lingjiaotang) from Haji Beef Pie. Tianjin's wonton soup (lingjiaotang), like the one in Jining, involves pouring a beaten egg into the soup, which I really like.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vtdufz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ip97s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ulm9v0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0xkdeb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f9m3zw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/anl15a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ext6kb.jpg)
+
+Men wearing prayer caps (libaimao) kept riding their bikes in groups toward the ruins of Tianmu Village. I checked the time and realized it was almost time for the afternoon prayer (peshini), so I followed the older men toward the North Mosque of Tianmu in Tianjin. The North Mosque of Tianmu was built in 1404, the second year of the Yongle reign. It was burned down by retreating Kuomintang troops on November 25, 1948. It was rebuilt in the 1950s and again in 1992, and today it is the most striking building among the ruins of Tianmu Village.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2z8xxe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/svfk94.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/unpu7f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/az5t34.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fnvzuc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3c09qg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lwsan9.jpg)
+
+After leaving the mosque, I continued walking along Shunyi Road. My biggest find this time was at the Sanwei Bookstore on Shunyi Road, where I bought many hand-copied and lithographed small scriptures (xiaojing), which use Arabic script to write Chinese. This included the famous Weigaye Dictionary, a vocabulary list for the Weigaye religious law text. It is very interesting to see the xiaojing, Chinese characters, and Arabic side by side. I also found the Three-Character Classic of Islam (Huijiao Sanziwen) and a 1951 biography of Muhammad published by the Beijing Muslim Newspaper and Book Agency. I am very satisfied.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m8bu8r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rrh88j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lhq9ue.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9cp92s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uqjhzs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i4x5xq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5sgm6g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lj9rsq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qapjni.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Tianshui_Qinzhou___Ming_Mosques_and_Qing_Hui_Homes.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Tianshui_Qinzhou___Ming_Mosques_and_Qing_Hui_Homes.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..253fe70e83c3b8be61109696c7cc7dd7ba4460e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Tianshui_Qinzhou___Ming_Mosques_and_Qing_Hui_Homes.md
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Tianshui Qinzhou - Ming Mosques and Qing Hui Homes"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2612"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2612"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:54Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "e82563dc6dc4bf28a73e7239f222c734c5749a0483c77e5ecf1abc6293503d33"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Tianshui Qinzhou - Ming Mosques and Qing Hui Homes
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Qinzhou District in Tianshui, Gansu, preserves Ming Dynasty mosque sites, Qing Dynasty Hui Muslim courtyards, and old Silk Road neighborhood traces. This article follows the source's mosque names, lane details, family residences, architectural notes, and local history.
+
+Qinzhou District is the old town of Tianshui, Gansu, located on the Silk Road route connecting Shaanxi and Gansu. Historically, Qinzhou was known as the Five Cities of Qinzhou. These five cities stretched 5 kilometers, connected by a main road and 21 city gates, looking like pearls on a string. Among these five cities, Hui Muslims mainly lived in the areas of Chengyuan Lane, Yimin Lane, Zizhi Lane, Qinmu Lane, and Houzhai in the Middle City.
+
+Tianshui Houjie Mosque, also called Xiguan Mosque or the Great Mosque, was first built during the Yuan Dynasty (1341-1368). It was rebuilt in 1374 (the seventh year of the Ming Hongwu era) and expanded in 1468 (the fourth year of the Chenghua era). The Ming Dynasty main hall still stands today, and it was listed as a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level in 2006.
+
+The front hall has five bays with a single-eave hip-and-gable roof covered in green glazed tiles. The main ridge features glazed lotus patterns, and the central vase decoration includes carvings of a memorial archway, a three-arch bridge, flowers, auspicious clouds, and a treasure gourd. The ridge is decorated with flower and pavilion motifs. The front porch of the main hall is supported by eave columns, which is different from the independent roof structure of Qing Dynasty halls. The rear kiln hall has three bays with a hip-and-gable roof, and the center of the main ridge features a glazed vase ornament.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0b2f1g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1f9s06.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/97ggij.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l6w5ja.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/egsp1y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ctd5lt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rncz8f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aqhfe3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/du8lqq.jpg)
+
+Houjie Mosque originally belonged to the Gedimu tradition, but later it became part of the Beishan Menhuan of the Jahriyya order. Legend says that in the mid-Qianlong era, Ma Mingxin, the founder of the Jahriyya order, came to Tianshui to teach and stayed in the north hall of Houjie Mosque. The mosque currently preserves a plaque from 1912 written by Ma Yuanzhang, the seventh Murshed of the Jahriyya order, saying 'The sovereignty of heaven and earth belongs to Allah,' and another from 1939 by Ma Yuanchao, founder of the Beishan Menhuan, saying 'The Lord is not like anything.'
+
+Ma Yuanzhang was known as 'Shagou Taiye' and was the great-grandson of Ma Mingxin. He arrived in Zhangjiachuan in 1875 (the first year of the Guangxu era) and used it as a base to revive the Jahriyya order. He officially became the seventh Murshed in 1912 and died in a cave dwelling during the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake.
+
+Ma Yuanchao was Ma Yuanzhang's younger brother. He came to Beishan in Zhangjiachuan during the Guangxu era to buy land and farm, later helping Ma Yuanzhang revive the Jahriyya order. After Ma Yuanzhang passed away in 1920, Ma Yuanchao began leading the religious affairs in Xuanhuagang, which became known as the 'Beishan Menhuan'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f4f828.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0i736u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8dk0xh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/as9eum.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d5y3pr.jpg)
+
+The mosque also preserves Arabic couplets from 1816 (the 21st year of the Jiaqing era) and a stone tablet recording the reconstruction from 1543 (the Ming Jiajing era). The Ming Dynasty tablet records that a local man named Gao Mu bought land at the northeast corner of Tianshui's West Gate in the seventh year of the Hongwu era and used his own money to buy wood, stone, and bricks to build a three-room mosque. In the fourth year of the Chenghua era, the religious leader Ma Fan encouraged local elders to donate money for a renovation. In the 13th year of the Jiajing era, they hired a master builder named Wu from their own community to build the mosque tower.
+
+The Ming Jiajing tablet mentions Hui Muslims with the surnames Ma and Wu. Currently, there is a group of Hui Muslims in Tianshui with the surname Ma who claim their ancestral home is Hexi, Yunnan, and that they arrived in Tianshui in 1372 (the fifth year of the Ming Hongwu era).
+
+According to a family genealogy from the tenth year of the Guangxu era, the Wu family originally settled in Jiangning Prefecture, Nanjing. In 1369 (the second year of the Ming Hongwu era), Generals Wu Zhen and Wu Liang moved to Qinzhou. The 'Supplement to the New Gazetteer of Qinzhou Prefecture' records that 'Qinzhou Garrison Commander Wu Zhen was a founding hero of the Ming Dynasty and was titled Marquis of Jinghai.' Wu Zhen and Wu Zhen (Wu Zhen/Wu Zhen) might be the same person.
+
+Besides the Ma and Wu families, Hui Muslims with the surnames Lei, Zhao, and Huang also moved to the area during the Ming Dynasty. Oral history says the Lei family arrived in Qinzhou during the Ming Dynasty. The Guangxu-era Qinzhou Gazetteer records that Lei Jiaofeng was a local Hui Muslim with exceptional martial talent in the 13th year of the Chongzhen reign (1640).
+
+The Zhao family moved here from Zhaocun in Xianyang, Shaanxi, between the end of the Ming Dynasty and the start of the Qing Dynasty. The Huang family's ancestral home was in Sichuan, and they moved to Tianshui at the end of the Ming Dynasty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iqjcyj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h2v8fc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7w36pu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nah9q8.jpg)
+
+The founding date of the Beiguan Mosque in Qinzhou, Tianshui, is unknown. It was originally located at the entrance of Zhongyi Lane in Shang'an Valley but was destroyed by war in the early Tongzhi years. Later, a Hui Muslim named Wu donated a house in Mujia Pit to rebuild it. In 1929, Wu Zhenyi, a high-ranking member of the mosque and the then-magistrate of Cheng County, led a fundraising campaign. Another high-ranking member, Ma Hengtang, donated his own house, and the reconstruction was completed after two years. The couplet carved on the main gate reads: 'Walk the path to heaven and invite all living beings to the land of joy; transcend the ordinary and seek the holy, do not let the first step lead you astray.' This was written by the late Qing Dynasty Hui Muslim scholar Ha Yiqing. Inside the main hall, you can see exquisite calligraphy from the Jahriyya (Zhepai) order.
+
+The Yuan family of Hui Muslims has lived in Beiguan, Qinzhou for generations, with ancestral roots in Fengxiang, Shaanxi. According to family oral history and ancestral graves, they have been here for 18 generations. One branch moved to Mei County, Sichuan, during the Tongzhi years of the Qing Dynasty, but returned to Tianshui in the early Republic of China era.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wkl0n1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q82oxv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/apa2fg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q82oxv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2n6i76.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qwvwuz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/stwng9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ylvcqy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l4m7g7.jpg)
+
+The Taizi Mosque in Qinzhou, Tianshui, is believed to have been built between the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The main hall's roof beam has an inscription from the fourth year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, and there are two 400-year-old locust trees in front of the gate. A larger main hall has been built behind the original Qing Dynasty hall. I regret that I could not enter the Qing hall, but I was lucky enough to experience the unique chanting style of the Jahriyya order.
+
+The number of Hui Muslims moving to Qinzhui, Tianshui, continued to grow during the Qing Dynasty. According to the family genealogy, the Mu family ancestors came to Long from Youyan to do business during the prosperous Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong eras. Based on this, it is assumed they are a branch of the Mu family of Hui Muslims from Mujia Village in Tianjin.
+
+There are two branches of the Su family of Hui Muslims, who moved here from Cheng County and Yanguan in Li County respectively at the end of the Qing Dynasty.
+
+The Hai family lives in Zizhi Lane and their ancestral home is Lanzhou. Their ancestor was a mule cart driver for a Tianshui official working in Lanzhou. When the official returned home during the Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty, the Hai ancestor followed him and settled in Qinzhou.
+
+The Mi family's ancestral home is Huaishu Village, Baqiao, Xi'an, Shaanxi. They fled to Qinzhou during the Tongzhi years of the Qing Dynasty, initially working as shed guards for a family named Fan, and have now been here for seven generations.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d0sbxr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dgk2o2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tkbiaf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1itc8k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5f96q7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hpg8nd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pd55c5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6lzpyo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jq1m9o.jpg)
+
+**Exquisite brick carvings on the Qing Dynasty main hall of Taizi Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q2cb0f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q97ee1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wkq9hb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g4yar8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hpnlbj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xevv9n.jpg)
+
+There was originally a 'Rear Mosque' in Houzhai, Qinzhou, Tianshui. In the early Tongzhi years, the Hui Muslims there scattered, and the mosque was demolished and turned into a Confucian mosque. In 1900 (the 26th year of the Guangxu reign), the Hui Muslim population in Houzhai gradually recovered. They pooled their money to buy the hall frame of a descendant of the Ming Dynasty magistrate Zhao Lianzhi in Zizhi Lane and moved it to build the 'Front Mosque,' which was completed in 1919. The current Houzhai Mosque is a replica building reconstructed in 2010.
+
+The Na family of Hui Muslims are descendants of Nasr al-Din, the son of Ajall Shams al-Din Omar, and their ancestral home is Yunnan. In the first year of the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty, Na Huatang followed the seventh-generation Jahriyya leader Ma Yuanzhang from Yunnan to Tianshui. He first settled in Paomazhuang Town, then moved to Houzhai in Qinzhou, where he served as the imam of the Houzhai Mosque. His family has been there for six generations.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/coka14.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rqz1tx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9uipr6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dfv9dw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8zodaw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fc95mh.jpg)
+
+The Ha Rui Residence is located on Chengyuan Lane near the Back Street Mosque (Houjie Si). It is now a provincial-level cultural heritage site in Gansu. The residence originally had three courtyards. Due to demolition and reconstruction, only the east and west wing rooms of the first courtyard, the Four Seasons Hall and west wing room of the second courtyard, and the west wing room of the third courtyard remain. The middle courtyard has a two-story building with a hanging mountain roof (xuanshan ding) on the north side, and the back courtyard has a two-story, three-bay wooden building. These are very rare in traditional residential houses.
+
+Ha Rui was a famous Hui Muslim scholar and industrialist in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. He was known as the Zhang Jian of Northwest China and made lasting contributions to the urban development of Tianshui.
+
+Ha Rui came from a family of Hui Muslim doctors in Tianshui, with ancestral roots in Fujian. According to the Ha Family Genealogy, the Ha family was originally from Fujian. In the early Kangxi period, the Gansu Governor Liu Gongdou was sent to the northwest, and our ancestor Xiangfu came to Longshang with his banner. He found it a happy land and settled there with his younger brother Shengjiu. This was the beginning of the Ha family in Qinzhou.
+
+Ha Rui was born in 1862 (the first year of the Tongzhi reign). He passed the provincial examination in 1882 (the eighth year of the Guangxu reign) and the imperial examination in 1892 (the eighteenth year of the Guangxu reign), then joined the Hanlin Academy as an editor. In 1894 (the twentieth year of the Guangxu reign), he served as a secretary in the Sichuan Department of the Ministry of Justice. In 1905 (the thirty-first year of the Guangxu reign), he served as the magistrate of Bishan, Sichuan, for five years, and later served as the magistrate of Yibin and Leshan. In 1911, he became the magistrate of Dongshan County. He resigned due to political instability and returned to his hometown of Tianshui in 1917. He founded the Bingxing Match Company and opened iron works, sulfur refineries, coal mines, paper mills, and transport teams. In 1920, he was hired as an advisor to the Longnan Garrison Commander. He actively promoted local public welfare, opened a carriage road connecting Tianshui to 12 surrounding counties, started an electric light company, and installed streetlights in the Dacheng area, making Tianshui the first city in Gansu to have streetlights.
+
+Ha Rui valued education. After 1926, he founded the Bingxin Primary School and the Cungu Academy. His work in education became a well-known story in Tianshui. Ha Rui was skilled in calligraphy and poetry. His works, the Ha Rui Poetry Collection and the Ha Rui Self-Written Chronology, have been passed down.
+
+Ha Rui had a close relationship with the Zhe school brothers Ma Yuanzhang and Ma Yuanchao. He visited Shagou and Xuanhuagang many times and wrote epitaphs for them after they passed away (gui zhen). In 1911, the Dongguan Mosque in Hui County, Gansu, was burned down. Young Hui Muslims fled to Tianshui and Shagou to find the Hui gentleman Ha Rui and the Shagou elder Ma Yuanzhang. Through their joint efforts, the Republic of China government allocated funds and sent officials to repair the mosque the following year.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ev0ebl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i8p1vm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xa7okg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2n9opv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9wgoa5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ddio4g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8adgrj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2beq23.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rsvqbc.jpg)
+
+**The exquisite wood carvings on the hanging flower gate (chuihua men) of the Ha Rui Residence.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ii0jkf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mfm8m5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/idsmsn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/38farn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/apbhwl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s5x14l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/laevd7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vq2hcm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bjmcme.jpg)
+
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Tonghai__Yunnan___Ma_Family_Courtyard_and_Hui_Muslim_History.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Tonghai__Yunnan___Ma_Family_Courtyard_and_Hui_Muslim_History.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7f21e0f9e20d0bc8e63718c3d8a93b64bb031b35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Tonghai__Yunnan___Ma_Family_Courtyard_and_Hui_Muslim_History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Tonghai, Yunnan — Ma Family Courtyard and Hui Muslim History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1949"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1949"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:18Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "a16d1dc245c412bbe050313498ef8e19293a56d1a99c13d1ad4794f743ed76fb"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Tonghai, Yunnan — Ma Family Courtyard and Hui Muslim History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Tonghai, Yunnan — Ma Family Courtyard and Hui Muslim History is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Author: Zainab. The account keeps its focus on Yunnan Travel, Hui Muslims, Ma Family Courtyard while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+Author: Zainab
+
+On October 4, we drove 33 kilometers east from Dabaiyi Village in Eshan, Yuxi, Yunnan, to reach Dahui Village in Tonghai County.
+
+Dahui Village was originally called Hexi Dadonggou. It is home to over a thousand Hui Muslims, the most famous of whom are the Ma family of Tonghai. The Ma family’s ancestral home was Nanjing. They came to Tonghai to do business with the army in the early Ming Dynasty and settled there. In the early 20th century, the Ma family built up great wealth through horse caravans and international trade. They built three large courtyards in the village between the 1930s and 1940s, which were named Yunnan Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Units in 2018.
+
+The Ma family courtyards were confiscated after the 1950s. In 1986, they were returned to the Ma family as private property belonging to overseas Chinese, and the family has lived there ever since. As the elders of the Ma family passed away and the younger generations moved to cities, the family handed over Courtyard No. 1 and Courtyard No. 2 to the village for safekeeping. They only return during holidays, while Courtyard No. 3 is still occupied by Ma family descendants. By asking helpful village elders, we were able to visit Courtyard No. 1 and Courtyard No. 2. We were very sorry we could not enter Courtyard No. 3 because the owners were not home.
+
+**Courtyard No. 1**
+
+The first large courtyard is No. 102 in Dahui Village. Built between 1932 and 1933, it is a traditional Yunnan-style courtyard with a layout known as 'three bright and five dark' (ming san an wu) and a corner-turning corridor (zouma zhuanjiaolou). This means you have to walk a distance from the main gate before reaching the courtyard itself.
+
+The outermost part is a traditional Yunnan-style gate with a ridged roof and upturned eaves. It is very interesting to see two sets of couplets from different eras layered on top of each other. The bottom layer is a traditional couplet: 'Han dynasty tile inscriptions bring long life, Zhou dynasty bronze plate inscriptions bring wealth and luck.' The yellow upper layer has a first line that reads, 'Study hard, Allah is the master, put effort into your writing.' I cannot fully identify the second line, only the words 'hardened' and 'hatred'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j8rcjt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zmxkjs.jpg)
+
+After entering the gate, there is a small courtyard filled with orange trees heavy with fruit.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2mk5vv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zrrs1u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rtg8gy.jpg)
+
+Entering the courtyard, there is a Western-style gate from the Republic of China era. Its Roman columns look very similar to the minaret (jiaobailou) of the Dabaiyi Mosque in Eshan, built in 1935. You can also see the slogan 'Be united, tense, serious, and lively' on the gate, as this place once served as the Dahui Village committee office.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h4pxsb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9piryv.jpg)
+
+The hollowed-out partition wall inside the gate is very different from the traditional screen wall (zhaobi) or folding screen found in other courtyards.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z9itzg.jpg)
+
+The first small section of the courtyard contains a small house built of cement. This cement was imported from Japan at the time and transported via Kunming.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u7o7bq.jpg)
+
+The front hall of the Ma family courtyard is unique, featuring a six-sided, multi-eaved, pointed-roof pavilion. It was used exclusively by the clan leader, Ma Yuanwu, for namaz, so it is also called the prayer pavilion (libaiting). It later became the village broadcast station. The pavilion has exquisite colorful paintings, wood carvings, and tiles imported from Japan.
+
+Ma Yuanwu (1862-1955) originally made his living as a farmer. In the early 20th century, he sent his eldest son, Ma Tongzhu (1880-1958), to lead a horse caravan. At first, they carried salt to Xinping County to sell to people from Sichuan. After three or four trips, they saved some money, and then he sent his eldest grandson, Ma Bingzhong (1899-1972), to open a soy sauce workshop in Panxi Town, nearby Huaining County. At the same time, the Ma family used their horse caravans to transport brown sugar boiled in Panxi to Kunming for sale, then brought salt back to Panxi, gradually growing their business.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qgheoj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5xs0dz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1d6g31.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tsk06q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g6g9sg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0yfwms.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5xc77z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vdnyi0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tdcxek.jpg)
+
+At the entrance to the first floor of the prayer pavilion, there is a couplet: 'Orchids and cassia in the pavilion spread fragrance far, the shade of the ailanthus and birch trees in the hall lasts long.' The ceiling inside features clouds, cranes, and the characters for 'blessing' (fu) and 'longevity' (shou). The second-floor ceiling has two lotus flowers, and the surrounding windows feature very fine wood carvings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c5ys5i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ooifwr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ijh5x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/45h6wu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q9qfgd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ctj425.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sm25up.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5quo1m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eyjpoq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kyg233.jpg)
+
+You can see the pastoral scenery from the balconies on both sides of the prayer pavilion.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lhcxbj.jpg)
+
+The Ma family courtyard was built under the direction of Ma Tongkuan, the second son of clan leader Ma Yuanwu. During the early Republic of China, Ma Tongkuan lived in Mojiang County, east of Pu'er, managing various business dealings. Because he kept his word and managed things well, he became a very wealthy man in southern Yunnan. In the middle and late Republic of China, Ma Tongkuan returned to his hometown of Dahui Village and oversaw the construction of the three Ma family courtyards. In 1956, Ma Tongkuan served as deputy county magistrate of Qilu County. In 1957, he was labeled a rightist, and in 1968, he returned to Allah (gui zhen).
+
+When building the Ma family courtyards, Ma Tongkuan hired craftsmen from Shanghai and Annam. It took about twenty years. They fired their own bricks and tiles, quarried stone, and selected and cut their own timber. The garden kept peacocks and even had an advanced boiler room.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d1le5m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/egs0yl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u2sj41.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aui8pu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/omjrzz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ctrina.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kz6m91.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v259c0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/324s2y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/38tgrx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ws3jq.jpg)
+
+Tonghai has always been famous for its wood carving craftsmanship, and the exquisite wood-carved doors and windows of Courtyard No. 1 are proof of this. The doors and windows feature not only various flowers, plants, birds, and animals, but also pavilions, waterside structures, and Western-style architecture, showing the unique style of the era.
+
+The Ma family courtyard once had twenty or thirty plaques, including 'Cultivating Virtue to Protect Descendants' inscribed by Chiang Kai-shek and 'Five Generations of Prosperity' inscribed by Long Yun, as well as plaques from Yu Youren, Bai Chongxi, Feng Yuxiang, and many others. However, they were all destroyed in the 1960s. All the beautiful couplets were replaced by slogans. Figure 1 shows the marks where the plaques used to hang above the door.
+
+In 1918, the Ma family sold their soy sauce workshop and opened the Yuanxinzhai firm in Mojiang. They switched to trading cotton yarn, cloth, silk, and satin. At the same time, they bought mountain goods and medicinal materials like tea, purple stick (shellac), cowhide, deerskin, velvet antler, and ivory. Later, they also boiled deer glue, expanding their reach from domestic markets to Thailand and Myanmar.
+
+In 1921, the Ma family changed the name of 'Yuanxinzhai' to 'Yuanxinchang' in Kunming. They mainly traded ivory, velvet antler, tiger bone, otter skin, tea, cloth, silk, and dyes. They also transported Chinese medicinal herbs like saffron, sweet flag (changpu), musk, and fritillaria to Thailand for sale. Later, the Ma family established the Jingchang Tea House in Jiangcheng and founded a tea factory to press seven-piece tea cakes (qizi bingcha), which were carried by horse to Laos and then to Vietnam and Hong Kong for sale.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s1ksv1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gank2w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h2aiak.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mzaui3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xgq3tw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zmmzdr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/60zlm7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u8jzra.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z8ntsw.jpg)
+
+**An empty room.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eewnca.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zstu03.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gk54ab.jpg)
+
+A small house in the backyard, which also has its own little courtyard.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/74un3q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hnborf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1mssyz.jpg)
+
+The water vat in the courtyard was likely used for fighting fires.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8mm7aj.jpg)
+
+A safe from the Republic of China era sits in the courtyard. It is labeled 'Southwest Industrial Company Safe Department' and 'Improved fire and Thief Resisting safe Made in China'. "
+
+In 1951, the Ma family deposited all the gold, silver, and silver dollars (yuan datou) buried under their compound into the Hexi County People's Bank. This included about 2,000 taels of gold bricks and bars. The largest gold brick weighed over 400 taels, making it too heavy for one person to carry easily, along with 2,000 to 3,000 silver dollars. This event was reported in the Yunnan Daily, and the Ma family was called 'enlightened landlords'. After the land reform movement (tu gai), this gold and silver was taken back to Dahui Village to be displayed as 'fruits of struggle' during public meetings, and then the three compounds and all the furniture were confiscated.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/230hbc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ghhgpj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4bcjur.jpg)
+
+**Courtyard No. 2.**
+
+Courtyard No. 2 of the Tonghai Ma Family Compound is located at No. 57 Dahui Village. Built in 1937, it is also a 'key-shaped' (ke yi yin) courtyard with corner towers, but it has a larger skylight, a spacious yard, and simpler decorations.
+
+A plaque reading 'Five Generations Under One Roof' once hung over the gate of Courtyard No. 2. Today, you can still faintly see the words 'Dongqu Brigade' and 'School'. After it was returned to the Ma family in 1986, it was lived in by the family of Ma Zishang (1914-2007), the grandson of Ma Yuanwu. In recent years, the Ma descendants only return during holidays.
+
+In the 1930s, besides running horse caravans for trade, the Ma family set up branches across central and southern Yunnan, as well as in Kengtung and Monghsat in Myanmar, and Lampang, Chiang Mai, and Bangkok in Thailand. During the War of Resistance, trade routes were cut off, and Pu'er tea began to pile up. Once the war ended and the routes reopened, the Ma family immediately hired ten large ten-wheeled trucks to transport over 40 tons of Pu'er tea to Guangdong for resale in Hong Kong. Because the Pu'er tea had been stored for years, it was fully fermented and aged, making it very fragrant and popular with buyers. On the return trip, they brought back flashlights and batteries, which were scarce in Yunnan and sold out quickly.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ct62y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k92iyu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2uymx4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1e1jpx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/drenig.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7alijg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/594y8a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/spniuq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e6beu7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qh7xpy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qtcbcg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/609xfc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d9plrn.jpg)
+
+The Ma family was not only good at business but also very devout. I saw several plaques in the courtyard celebrating their successful Hajj pilgrimages.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x9wtd4.jpg)
+
+**Courtyard No. 3.**
+
+Courtyard No. 3 of the Tonghai Ma Family Compound is at No. 101 Dahui Village. Built between 1947 and 1948, it is the most modern of the three. The Ma family had not yet moved in when the liberation occurred, and after land reform, it became a warehouse for the production team. It is still occupied by Ma family descendants. We were disappointed that we could not visit because the owners were away when we arrived.
+
+After 1945, cross-border trade from Simao to Thailand and Myanmar was gradually replaced by inland trade from Shanghai and Guangzhou to Yunnan. After careful consideration, the Ma family closed their trading businesses in Simao, Mojiang, and Jiangcheng after 1948. The Ma family planned to start trade between Yunnan and Chengdu, Chongqing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, but new conflicts made this impossible. They finally decided to work together to open the Mingde Cotton Yarn Shop in Kunming. In 1950, the Ma family invested in the Mingde Textile Mill, starting with an investment of 2,000 bales of cotton yarn. After the public-private partnership reform in 1956, Ma Ziming continued to serve as the manager of the Mingde Textile Mill.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/blev52.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f6ltki.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wj80nh.jpg)
+
+**Dahui Village Mosque.**
+
+The Dahui Village Mosque in Tonghai was first built in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in 1829. The Tonghai Ma family led an expansion in 1946, and the main prayer hall was recently rebuilt as a modern structure.
+
+Tonghai Dahui Village is a Jahriyya (a Sufi order) village. In 1781, Ma Shunqing (1770-1851), the eldest son of the Jahriyya founder Ma Mingxin, was exiled by the Qing government to Simao, Yunnan. He was later rescued by the imam Ma Yunguang from Gucheng and settled in Talang Village, Mojiang, where he became known as the 'Old Ancestor of Talang'. The third son of the Old Ancestor of Talang, Ma Shilin (1813-1871), moved from Talang to Dahui Village in Tonghai and became known as the 'Third Elder of Yunnan'. Ma Shilin ran a horse caravan business in Kunming and became a famous wealthy man, making Dahui Village in Tonghai a well-known Jahriyya village in Yunnan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uqvb8o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/64ivar.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rmcgx5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/foa1tp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x652eo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/frftt3.jpg)
+
+The 'Private Yuanwu Chinese-Arabic Primary School' next to the mosque was founded in 1947 by Ma Tongkuan, the second son of the Tonghai Ma family patriarch, Ma Yuanwu. At the time, the school had six classes and an attached kindergarten, with over 300 students from various villages in the northern plains of Hexi County. to the standard curriculum of public schools, they also added English and Arabic. The first class graduated in 1950. Among them, Ma Qichao became the deputy county magistrate of Tonghai, and Xiao Hanjie became the principal of the Tonghai County Teacher Training School.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ea61y2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6dadhb.jpg)
+
+**Some old houses in Dahui Village.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4zc6q5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ny2vgw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a9g0zf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xdd4wf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3zvrcs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/edwrdb.jpg)
+
+The most detailed book about the Tonghai Ma family is the oral history 'Legendary Family on the Tea Horse Road', and some of the information in this article was compiled from that book.
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Urumqi_Dawan___Hui_Muslim_Streets_and_Halal_Food.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Urumqi_Dawan___Hui_Muslim_Streets_and_Halal_Food.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43aab969bca2c044a05ccb3adccc0bda0912c8e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Urumqi_Dawan___Hui_Muslim_Streets_and_Halal_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Urumqi Dawan — Hui Muslim Streets and Halal Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2189"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2189"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:48Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "3a11b6408283e6163a3b017644c4d598a6df2da73de8e494b6a608bdc41df9ab"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Urumqi Dawan — Hui Muslim Streets and Halal Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Urumqi Dawan — Hui Muslim Streets and Halal Food is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: June 2018 was my fifth trip to Urumqi for sightseeing and eating. Nanguan used to be the traditional neighborhood in Urumqi that attracted me the most; it was lively and full of energy. The account keeps its focus on Urumqi Dawan, Xinjiang Travel, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+June 2018 was my fifth trip to Urumqi for sightseeing and eating. Nanguan used to be the traditional neighborhood in Urumqi that attracted me the most; it was lively and full of energy. In 2017, a friend (dosti) told me that demolition and renovation had started in Nanguan, which made me very anxious. Later on, the small alleys deep inside Nanguan were completely torn down.
+
+I came to Urumqi again in 2018, and the area deep inside the old Nanguan had become a construction site. However, I will not dwell on the past in this article. Instead, I want to share my experience of sightseeing and eating in Urumqi this time. Besides the consistently wonderful Lingguan Lane and Shengli Road, I also visited Dawan, another food hub in Urumqi. As a side note, I certainly did not expect when writing this that my wedding would be held in Dawan two years later.
+
+**Table of Contents**
+
+**1. Yining Yixiang Butter Milk Tea House**
+
+**2. Lingguan Lane**
+
+**1. Original Meat Naan (rounang)**
+
+**2. Arman Supermarket**
+
+**3. Gülba xikar Dessert Shop**
+
+**4. Other shops in Lingguan Lane**
+
+**3. Shengli Road**
+
+**1. Babahan Food World**
+
+**2. Marhaba Tatar Pastries**
+
+**4. Dawan**
+
+**1. Ailuo Family Coffee**
+
+**2. Pairhan Imported Goods Store**
+
+**3. Aile Imported Goods Store**
+
+**4. Maidana**
+
+**1. Yining Yixiang Butter Milk Tea House**
+
+Next to the Urumqi People's Theater is Yining Yixiang Butter Milk Tea House, a famous Kazakh milk tea spot. I ate milk skin (naipizi), fried dough fritters (baorsak), and honey-based drink (kawasi) here, but unfortunately, mare's milk is only available after July.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i0t7yj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z7yfud.jpg)
+
+**Milk skin (naipizi)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i9j2q3.jpg)
+
+**Fried dough fritters (baorsak) and honey-based drink (kawasi)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/elw4yo.jpg)
+
+The People's Theater was built in 1956 and is a landmark building of old Urumqi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ezw7bl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q29ult.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6p49r9.jpg)
+
+**2. Lingguan Lane**
+
+Consulate Lane (Lingguan Xiang) is south of Erdaoqiao. Except for a new residential complex in the middle section, most shops in the lane look the same. It is a small comfort after the deep Nanguan area was leveled.
+
+**1. Original Meat Naan (rounang)**
+
+As soon as you enter the west end of Consulate Lane, you can smell the aroma of meat-topped flatbread (rounang). This original meat flatbread (rounang) shop opened in 2000. It is a very popular spot on Lingguan Lane with long lines, and the meat flatbread is truly fragrant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vla1o9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z353dn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hmv43y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/02aa00.jpg)
+
+**2. Arman Supermarket**
+
+Arman Supermarket at the east end of Lingguan Lane is the largest in the chain. It has many great items, and I shop here every time I visit Urumqi. This time, I bought mint tea, butter milk tea (suyou naicha), and almond nut cake (qiegao).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/havu5a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dd5k50.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4v64ie.jpg)
+
+**Various pastries at Arman Supermarket.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z9lvw6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dnf8y6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2uspd5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ai8za1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ee7es2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2th0il.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d0y3jg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6dxjjs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ojrfsn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lb78vf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fh6xsm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9yz4cl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jvj5ua.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/evgubk.jpg)
+
+**3. Gülba xikar Dessert Shop**
+
+There is a dessert shop called Gülba xikar inside Arman Supermarket. I had almond and walnut ice cream there, plus a walnut pie. Everything was delicious and very cheap.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ednmi9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sm69bd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v2w3lp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fv14rc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a5ryts.jpg)
+
+**4. Other shops in Lingguan Lane**
+
+There are many other good places to eat on Lingguan Lane. I passed by the local-style hand-rubbed noodles (cuomian) shop this time, and the Yizihaier ice cream and Yili milk tea shop I visited years ago are still the same.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qa1msg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r8tloy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ndr20z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3tw3tj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i3gy4x.jpg)
+
+**3. Shengli Road**
+
+Shengli Road is south of Erdaoqiao, at the east end of Lingguan Lane, and it also has plenty of good food.
+
+**1. Babahan Food World**
+
+The breakfast at Babahan Food World on Shengli Road and Lingguan Lane is excellent. This time, I had barley porridge (yarma) and milk-topped flatbread (naizi nang) soaked in milk tea.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7as0hg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e5m2vk.jpg)
+
+**Barley porridge (yarma).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9f0zjh.jpg)
+
+**Milk tea.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8t1zom.jpg)
+
+**Milk-topped flatbread (naizi nang).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/50paal.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6wq24a.jpg)
+
+**2. Marhaba Tatar Pastries**
+
+Marhaba Tatar Pastry Shop opened in 1998. The original shop was on Heba Third Lane, south of Lingguan Lane, and they later opened a new location at 454 Shengli Road. The founder of the shop is Saweige Musabayufu, born in 1949. The shop is named after her mother, Marhaba, who taught Saweige how to make Tatar pastries.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fwnvty.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p5h354.jpg)
+
+**The girl with the red collar in the picture is Saweige's daughter, Fikelati.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tl6qfj.jpg)
+
+**Tatar cream cake made with six layers of sweet cake and six layers of cream.**
+
+**Delete**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8wv3jc.jpg)
+
+**Walnut dried fruit pie.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zxhs1f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y5plfe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r17a1w.jpg)
+
+**Black Forest chocolate cake made with ghee.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cqrtnd.jpg)
+
+**Black-eyed apricot jam cake.**
+
+**4. Dawan**
+
+Dawan is in the southeast of Urumqi's old city. I mainly walked around the Oujing Mingyuan residential area. It has a nice environment and good food, which is a sharp contrast to the heavily demolished and renovated Erdaoqiao and Nanguan areas. It is truly a hidden paradise in the city.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fpo30l.jpg)
+
+**Street view of Oujing Mingyuan in Dawan.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/13ozo2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wg4hw5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8cbvdk.jpg)
+
+**1. Ailuo Family Coffee**
+
+It was not yet dinner time when I arrived in Dawan, so I first had some Turkish black tea at Ayrosa Coffee. Downstairs, many young people were celebrating a birthday.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/glvwbh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3afbf1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2tujuo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mjnlvw.jpg)
+
+**2. Pairhan Imported Goods Store**
+
+Pairhan is a main imported goods supermarket in Oujing Mingyuan. They have a lot of items, and I bought some chocolate from Kazakhstan there.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fg6t0n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x7kr8r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f2932e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eydgxy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zur0yn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c1vsrp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vlkme1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/91krx4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e0dvuh.jpg)
+
+**3. Aile Imported Goods Store**
+
+Aile is another import shop that has some good finds inside.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4rrz00.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/knr5da.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/anupky.jpg)
+
+**4. Maidana**
+
+Merdana at Oujing Mingyuan was the biggest surprise of my food tour in Urumqi. The atmosphere is great, and the food is fantastic. The liver wrapped in fat (youbaogan) was so delicious I actually shouted out loud. It was intoxicatingly good, and it only costs 5 yuan a skewer. The grilled pork tenderloin (kao liji) was a long-awaited treat, and the homemade mixed noodles (banmian) tasted perfectly authentic. Even by Urumqi standards, it is incredibly delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ukcsj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r5zrsm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jn95fu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x0akzs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w4gc4l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ml64vg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/847n5o.jpg)
+
+The pinyin for barbecue is the local Xinjiang dialect: SAO KAO.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wdvemh.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Urumqi___Dawan_Gongbei__Hui_Muslims_and_Sufi_Heritage.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Urumqi___Dawan_Gongbei__Hui_Muslims_and_Sufi_Heritage.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29e04efccf1c6544914d1281cef2685554f03bed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Urumqi___Dawan_Gongbei__Hui_Muslims_and_Sufi_Heritage.md
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Urumqi - Dawan Gongbei, Hui Muslims and Sufi Heritage"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2343"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2343"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:49Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "619dfe7657e23efb3506ca71eb79839fe66c0d618aab63145b48bf799acc68e6"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Urumqi - Dawan Gongbei, Hui Muslims and Sufi Heritage
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Urumqi article visits the Dawan Gongbei and records its connection with Hui Muslim religious memory and local community life. It keeps the original shrine details, route, religious terms, and travel observations without changing the facts.
+
+Yesterday at noon, I went to the Dawan Gongbei in Urumqi to attend a funeral (janazah) for an elder from the Luyuan Street community. Hundreds of people were there. It was very moving and showed the strong unity of the local community (jamaat).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cvwn02.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k2auvl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jejimy.jpg)
+
+After the funeral, I visited the graves of two historical figures at the Dawan Gongbei. The first was the elder Weijiapu (1732-1812), who was the first imam to lead the mosque in Urumqi. Elder Weijiapu was originally a Salar from Xunhua. When he was young, his hard work and love for learning made him the imam of the Jiezi Gonghe La Mosque in Xunhua. In 1763, due to conflicts between Sufi orders (menhuan) in the Hehuang region, Elder Weijiapu left to seek spiritual knowledge. He traveled through Linxia, Lanzhou, and Wuwei before moving to Hami and Turpan in Xinjiang to teach. In 1780, after the first mosque was built in the Beiliang area of Dihua, the local Muslims invited Elder Weijiapu to serve as their imam.
+
+In the mid-18th century, Yihewan Gali, a student of the Indian Sufi leader Imam Rabbani, came to Aksu to teach the Khufiyya Sufi path. Ma Fang, a Qing dynasty military officer stationed in Aksu, accepted his teachings. Later, Ma Fang resigned from his post to spread the faith across Xinjiang. He took on five students, one of whom was Ma Pei (known as the Anjihai Master). Ma Pei went to Urumqi to teach, and Elder Weijiapu became his student. Elder Weijiapu taught at the Beiliang mosque in Dihua for nearly 30 years. He taught scripture to ordinary community members and guided Khufiyya followers in their spiritual practice. He balanced the relationships between different groups well and was respected by everyone.
+
+After Elder Weijiapu passed away (returned to Allah), he was originally buried at the Beiliang mosque. Later, following his will, he was moved to Dawan. The cemetery there became known as the Dawan Gongbei. In 1900, the three brothers of Ma Youfu, the great-grandson of Elder Weijiapu, rebuilt the Gongbei. It was renovated again in 2013 to its current appearance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u4z5kx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jk0hxa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9a991w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4fsajy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0jkjzt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/drpv2w.jpg)
+
+The second historical figure at the Dawan Gongbei is Imam Ma Zongfu (1806-1885), who led the Beiliang Mosque and the Beifang Mosque in Urumqi. People called him the Datong Elder.
+
+Imam Ma Zongfu was originally from Datong, Qinghai. When he was young, he taught at various mosques in Qinghai and practiced the Khufiyya Sufi path. Later, because Imam Ma opposed the growing and selling of opium, he was persecuted by local wealthy landowners. In 1850, he led his family through many hardships to reach Xinjiang, where they settled at the Beiliang Mosque in Dihua. At that time, the imam of the Beiliang Mosque was Qitaizhou, a student of the Khufiyya leader Ma Pei. Imam Ma Zongfu became a student of Qitaizhou and became the imam of the Beiliang Mosque in 1852.
+
+Imam Ma led the renovation of the Beiliang Mosque in 1861. Later, he established a spiritual center (daotang) on Yinma Lane in Dihua for meditation and study. The Qing government closed Beiliang Mosque because of the anti-Qing uprising and turned it into an ancestral hall, so the local community built Beifang Mosque in 1876. Because the local community loved Imam Ma so much, they elected him as their religious leader again. After Imam Ma passed away in 1885, he was buried next to the elder's grave in Weijiapu at the Dawan gongbei, just as he requested in his will.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/09hs9j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i5ii11.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y4mkim.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w3m4o7.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Urumqi___Hui_Muslim_Street__Halal_Food__amp__Xinjiang_Market.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Urumqi___Hui_Muslim_Street__Halal_Food__amp__Xinjiang_Market.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ba263c6d92a5a9edbcaadf093f3b83d6bf6b4a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Urumqi___Hui_Muslim_Street__Halal_Food__amp__Xinjiang_Market.md
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Urumqi — Hui Muslim Street, Halal Food & Xinjiang Markets"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2461"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2461"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:51Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "e330c9865af64b1e71dd1bd0c0f1b32d2789006ac547bd642e35696ac31992de"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Urumqi — Hui Muslim Street, Halal Food & Xinjiang Markets
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Urumqi’s Hui Muslim streets bring together halal food, markets, daily commerce, and neighborhood life in Xinjiang. This 2025 travel account keeps the original street scenes, shop details, photos, and food notes in a clear English version.
+
+After the Qing dynasty defeated the Dzungar tribe, they built an earthen city in Urumqi in 1758 (the 23rd year of the Qianlong reign) to station troops and guard the border. In 1763 (the 28th year of the Qianlong reign), they expanded it and named it Dihua City. After that, Qing troops stationed in Urumqi to farm the land, and many Hui Muslim officers and soldiers brought their families to settle there. During the Jiaqing, Daoguang, and Xianfeng reigns, the Qing dynasty kept moving people to Xinjiang, and more and more Hui Muslims came to settle in Urumqi. After the Tongzhi reign, many Hui Muslims from the northwest moved to Urumqi for various reasons, including failed anti-Qing uprisings, religious disputes, and natural disasters.
+
+In 1876 (the second year of the Guangxu reign), the Qing army recaptured Urumqi and ordered all Hui Muslims inside the city to move outside. Since then, most Hui Muslims in Urumqi have settled in the Nanguan and Xiguan areas, making a living by slaughtering cattle and sheep and running halal food businesses.
+
+Urumqi's Xiaonanmen gate faces Xiaodongliang. During the late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China era, half of the twenty-three Hui Muslim neighborhoods in Urumqi were here. Today, it is still the place where Hui Muslim snacks are most concentrated.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/933mqk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1tq2ug.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uywh9k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1xc1yz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ns23c.jpg)
+
+Wuwuzi is the oldest Hui Muslim brand in Nanguan. In 1907, Li Shenghua (Li Liushizi) started carrying a shoulder pole to sell lamb (yanggaorou) at the south gate of Dihua. Later, his fifth son, Li Zhanshou (Wuwuzi), took over, and the name Wuwuzi Lamb gradually became well-known. After the 1980s, Wuwuzi rented a storefront in Shanxi Alley. It has been passed down for four generations and is now an autonomous region-level intangible cultural heritage.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/odwjw2.jpg)
+
+Across from the East Mosque (Dongfang Dasi), I had sour soup dumplings (suantang shuijiao) with celery and meat. They contained glass noodles (fentiao), tomatoes, wood ear mushrooms, and tofu.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5529sd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i3m3mm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vnsgo6.jpg)
+
+Across from the Qinghai Mosque (Qinghai Dasi), I had milk tea and cabbage meat buns (baozi) at Su Yongfang's shop. The milk tea had a strong milk and tea flavor and was topped with a milk skin (naipizi). The buns are made in the Xinjiang Hui Muslim style, with loose filling and Sichuan peppercorns.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y8rica.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uiullk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uy87zg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qunp5h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8lyk94.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w0162s.jpg)
+
+Behind the Shaanxi Mosque (Shaanxi Dasi) is the long-standing Yilihe Mianfeizi shop. The owner started selling at the South Gate night market over twenty years ago. After the night market closed, he opened this small shop behind the Shaanxi Mosque. This small shop run by a husband and wife is not big, but you can eat authentic Xinjiang lung and tripe noodles (mianfeizi). They serve it in clear soup, dry-mixed, or stir-fried. They have large and small portions, as well as stir-fried sheep head meat, tripe strips, sheep offal, meatball soup, and glass noodle soup (fentang).
+
+I ordered a portion of dry-mixed lung and tripe noodles, a bowl of meatball soup, and two oil towers (youtazi). Oil towers are my favorite staple food. They are made with sheep fat and are very appetizing. The lung and tripe noodles come with plenty of ingredients. The rice sausages (michangzi) contain minced meat and carrots, and they taste great. The meatball soup contains meat slices, tofu, spinach, glass noodles, and other things. It is especially warm to drink in winter.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vj6prl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3g24js.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x7i230.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7sytpz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w3gym4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ebb9gj.jpg)
+
+At the entrance of the West Mosque (Xidasi) is the Qitai Three Cold Dishes shop. The founder, Shen Derong (1897-1987), started selling yellow noodles (huangmian) on the street in 1919. At that time, he used free charcoal-grilled sheep hearts and sheep livers to attract customers, gradually spreading the way of eating yellow noodles with grilled meat. It has been passed down through three generations: Shen Changqing (1940-2014) and Shen Jianjun (1970-).
+
+Yellow noodles (huangmian) in Xinjiang are made like Gansu pulled noodles (lamian). Both use alkaline ash (penghui) in the dough. You can stretch the dough by hand into flat leek-leaf noodles or thin noodles. The difference is that Xinjiang yellow noodles are served with a thick sauce that clings to the noodles when you lift them. The dish includes ingredients like wild celery, wheat gluten (mianjin), green onion, ginger, garlic, and chili oil (youpo lazi). It has a rich, sour, sweet, and spicy flavor that is very satisfying.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z16k76.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6rxazb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xp8h8p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/92mz49.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d9hxkm.jpg)
+
+Suyongfang Grocery Store, across from the Qinghai Great Mosque, sells ready-made Hui Muslim fried meatballs (zha wanzi) and meat-stuffed tofu (jiasha). You can buy a bag, freeze it at home, and use it for stews or meatball soup.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f0ba02.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hi546p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vzx1yu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0hrjm8.jpg)
+
+Mashi and Yili Pastry Shop, across from the East Mosque, sell traditional Hui Muslim pastries. Their flaky pastries (supi dianxin) are a must-have for wedding banquets among Hui Muslims in Urumqi. Actually, the method for making these flaky pastries was brought to Urumqi by people from Tianjin. In the 1930s, Urumqi Hui Muslim pastry chef She Wenbing became close friends with Liu Wenjiang, a chef at the Yongsheng Western Pastry Shop in Tianjin. He learned how to make the flaky Beijing-style eight-piece pastry set (jing bajian), and the recipe spread among Hui Muslims in Urumqi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8xeujg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g6dky7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sve8l3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hnpgdd.jpg)
+
+Beyond Hui Muslim food, there is plenty of Uyghur and Kazakh cuisine in the Nanguan area.
+
+I bought a box of honey cake (bahali) at Ailieweike next to the Qinghai Great Mosque. It is baked with lamb fat, cocoa powder, eggs, honey, milk, walnuts, and raisins. It tastes very fragrant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dwjacl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7cx806.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fgvpop.jpg)
+
+In the morning, I prayed at the Shaanxi Great Mosque in Urumqi. Afterward, I went to the Kazakh milk tea shop in front of the People's Theater for butter milk tea (suyou naicha) with fried dough (baersake), apricot jam, and butter. The milk skin tea (naipizi naicha) was excellent, and the freshly fried dough was so fragrant that my hands were oily after eating.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hb30sz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xmcmay.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x5x5o5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t55bhg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k67pf8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e93n4x.jpg)
+
+In the evening, my sister and brother-in-law treated us to dinner at Yikelamu in Shanxi Alley. It is a very popular spot with locals. We ordered small dumplings (ququ), home-style mixed noodles (banmian), egg noodles, pigeon soup, clear-stewed lamb trotters, pumpkin steamed buns (baozi), and kebabs. Their mixed noodles are pulled very thin and taste great. The egg noodles come in a meat broth with lamb ribs, yellow carrots, and tomatoes. The pigeon soup is quite light. Clear-stewed lamb trotters have a different flavor compared to spicy lamb trotters (hula yangti), allowing you to taste the natural flavor of the lamb. The lamb skewers were seasoned only with salt, not chili. Only places with high-quality meat dare to do this. Their steamed buns are also good, and the sweet pumpkin filling is very appetizing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wf5apr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ujv4hp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8qve09.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cdpo69.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i4glk3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oh86hj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/haz4xm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/waa4tx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ozaz6s.jpg)
+
+On the second floor of the Erdaoqiao South Mosque gate is a Uyghur restaurant called Dunya Food. It is very warm inside, and you can drink hot tea while looking out at the main hall of the Urumqi Jahriyya First Mosque. I had a bowl of small dumplings (ququ) in the restaurant, which is perfect for winter in Urumqi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g6k0cb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z5ibal.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b60axk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z7tpj1.jpg)
+
+Across from Suiyuan Mosque is a Hotan specialty egg shop. You can eat roasted goose eggs and chicken eggs. They also have a deluxe version where chicken, pigeon, and goose eggs are all cracked into a goose egg shell, then mixed with honey and saffron. They also serve rose tea with silverberry honey. It is a good place to sit and rest after walking around Shanxi Alley.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pr098f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/znwsbg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rxfiqt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ofc7jq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ucce57.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jiyez1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r0so5v.jpg)
+
+**On the street in Shanxi Alley.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7d8mfl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t1f6l2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/71iwm1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/191lo8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ne0bb9.jpg)
+
+On the street in Awati Road, the yogurt sold by the auntie without a brand name is the best! Since Erdaoqiao, Lingguan Alley, and Shanxi Alley became popular, Yingawati Road further south remains a place only for locals.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qd5vi6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yi5zjb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dd6hj6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z9ezxi.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Urumqi___Spring_Festival__Hui_Muslims_and_Jumuah.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Urumqi___Spring_Festival__Hui_Muslims_and_Jumuah.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c17abc290a1065b37cc0497b1b994977c2181fe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Urumqi___Spring_Festival__Hui_Muslims_and_Jumuah.md
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Urumqi - Spring Festival, Hui Muslims and Jumuah"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2348"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2348"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:37Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "3d6c26c1dc75b90894ffc4f21260275c4e1585ab402938a973920dc101b04d57"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Urumqi - Spring Festival, Hui Muslims and Jumuah
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Urumqi article records Hui Muslim life during the Spring Festival, including nianye, luohuali, Jumuah prayer, and visiting relatives and friends. It preserves the original religious customs, family scenes, food details, and community observations in natural English.
+
+**Night of Prayer (nianye).**
+
+During the 2024 Spring Festival holiday, I took Suleiman to visit his grandparents (anai aye) in Urumqi, just in time for the noble month of Sha'ban (the eighth month of the Islamic calendar). The evening of the 15th day of the eighth month is the Night of Bara'at, which means the Night of Atonement. On this night, the two angels on our shoulders replace the scrolls that record our good and bad deeds for the year. They seal the old scrolls and open new ones, which serve as evidence for questioning when we enter the afterlife, so it is also called the Night of Exchanging Scrolls. In the traditions of Hui Muslims in some regions, when the month of Sha'ban arrives, everyone takes turns inviting the imam and friends and family to their homes for a Night of Prayer. The main process includes reciting scriptures, praising the Prophet, performing repentance (tawbah), and asking for forgiveness for family members and the deceased. Afterward, everyone eats a rich meal to strengthen bonds, boost faith, and prepare for the noble month of Ramadan.
+
+February 17 was our family's Night of Prayer, and we also celebrated Suleiman's first birthday (suisuizi). We invited four imams and a large group of relatives to recite surahs, recite the Bara'at praise, perform repentance, and receive dua, followed by a meal. First, we served appetizers (diediezi) and tea. The appetizers included nut tarts and baklava we bought at a Uyghur pastry shop on Hetian Street, as well as traditional flaky pastries and fried flour cakes (saqima) made by my aunt. After everyone chatted for a while, we cleared the appetizers and brought out the main dishes to officially start the feast.
+
+With the help of my aunts, we prepared a rich feast. The main dishes were clear-stewed lamb, braised beef steak, followed by steamed starch jelly (mengzi), pearl meatballs, peppercorn chicken, steamed fish, sweet rice platter (tianpanzi), and various stir-fried dishes. The staples were fried dough (youxiang), steamed buns (momo), and rice.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f2o48z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5gwfl2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m38z03.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4cis9i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jc8bv2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nnonux.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/id7dfz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ve70gu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0sqvsb.jpg)
+
+The fried dough was deep-fried a day in advance. Before frying, we first performed ablution (wudu), then leavened the dough. After it rose, we scalded a small portion with hot oil and mixed in a little baking soda and fenugreek powder. We kneaded the scalded dough into the leavened dough, covered the basin, and let it rest for 15 minutes. After resting, we rolled it into a long shape, pinched off pieces, rolled them into flat cakes, cut four small slits with a knife, and it was ready to be fried. When putting them into the pot, we recited the Tasmiyah. We fried them for a while, flipped them, and tapped the edges with chopsticks; once they were firm, they were done.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9d4cat.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k2j5cn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qsmkj2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7kpjxj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1i4qt7.jpg)
+
+To make sweet rice platter (tianpanzi), first wash the glutinous rice and soak it for three days. Then, add a little brown sugar (shazitang) and steam it, using more water than you would for regular rice. Next, wash red dates, walnut kernels, and raisins, and spread them at the bottom of a bowl. Cover them with the steamed glutinous rice and let it cool. After that, boil rock sugar to make a syrup. Finally, flip the bowl of rice onto a plate and pour the syrup over it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m725w7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4x3y6z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/25c5ng.jpg)
+
+Meatloaf (munzi) is made with ground beef. When mixing the filling, beat it repeatedly, then shape it into a cylinder. Pinch the top to look like a railing, pour an egg into the center, and steam it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hs4ek6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v9j1yl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dgdr2h.jpg)
+
+For spicy peppercorn chicken (jiaomaji), first wash a free-range chicken, cut it in half, and put it in a pressure cooker. Add water to cover it, along with red chili, Sichuan peppercorns, salt, bay leaves, cinnamon, and ginger slices. Once cooked, take it out, let it cool in a basin, tear the meat into strips, and top with green onions. Heat oil in a pan. Once hot, turn off the heat and add dried chili skins (lapizi), Sichuan peppercorns, salt, and white pepper. Stir well, pour in some chicken broth, and then pour everything over the chicken in the basin and mix well.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z7ek6i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r321sp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0me46o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0v6mw0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/37uqwb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lid9dg.jpg)
+
+We spent the night at my aunt's house near the cement factory. My uncle is an imam at a small mosque in Shanxi, and we are very grateful (zhigan) for that.
+
+The main dishes were definitely braised beef steak and clear-stewed lamb. The chicken was raised by my uncle himself, and the lamb was from the southern mountains of Urumqi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u5n94x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/es7o20.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5lvock.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xwjauv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ldrjqo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/igrkuc.jpg)
+
+We spent the night at my second aunt's house in the New City District. My aunt is the recognized master chef of our family. She makes authentic home-style stir-fries, meatloaf (munzi), stuffed meat slices (jiasha), and tripe.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hsrngk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1sr1sh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/obl2vj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ez6qas.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/86qs39.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aeqpou.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q53up9.jpg)
+
+We spent the night at my aunt's house near the flour mill and had basin meat (penpenrou) with fried dough (youxiang) for breakfast.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vyl7ix.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vpxjtj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jtb1y8.jpg)
+
+We hosted our guests at Lanpin Banquet. It is currently the most popular restaurant in Urumqi for Hui Muslims to hold religious gatherings (niansuoer). They don't sell alcohol, the food is refined, and the owner is warm and attentive. It is usually packed on weekends and holidays, so you must book in advance. On the day we went, they hosted 30 tables for a circumcision ceremony and 15 tables for a special occasion.
+
+We ate stir-fried beef tendon, spicy peppercorn chicken (jiaomaji), cold-dressed beef, hand-grabbed lamb (shoubarou), sauced stuffed meat slices (jiasha), pearl meatballs, and flatfish, along with complimentary side dishes. These are the most popular dishes for Hui Muslim gatherings in Urumqi right now. Their hand-grabbed lamb (shoubarou) is excellent; the meat is tender and fragrant, making it perfect for elderly people to eat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h34twv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/728j1i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8h8w9f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u6e2wu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/27aht7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zp62me.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i15fjp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g0uyfu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ndhst3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/go3ta8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aobaag.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vlqxjk.jpg)
+
+I spent the night at Uncle Saisai's house in the Changsheng Brigade in the southern suburbs of Urumqi. The hospitality was generous, with dishes like sweet platter (tianpanzi), fried dough snacks (youguozi), pearl meatballs (zhenzhu wanzi), braised ribbonfish, clear-stewed meat, and braised lamb. I also met many relatives.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ou51ok.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m8s6qx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ueoe2g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wdp1nc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9asfk6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2774tq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rjqrqb.jpg)
+
+**Engagement acceptance ceremony (luohuali)**
+
+This time, I arrived just in time for my brother-in-law's engagement acceptance ceremony (luohuali). We had a feast at a small community (xiaofang) of the Jahriyya order (Zhepai) in Anningqu, in the northern suburbs of Urumqi, where I ate some homemade fried twisted sugar dough (tangningningzi). The feast started with small appetizer plates, which were then cleared to make room for the main dishes, including clear-stewed meat, braised meatballs, braised fish, and beef head meat.
+
+The traditional wedding customs of Hui Muslims in Xinjiang are very specific. Before a formal marriage proposal, there is a 'preliminary inquiry' where the man's family learns about the woman's family. Then, they send a matchmaker with four types of gifts—tea leaves, sugar cubes, red dates, and walnuts (or pastries)—wrapped in four colors, known as the 'four-color gift' (sese li). The first time a matchmaker brings the four-color gift to propose, it is called the 'opening gift' (kaikouli). The matchmaker gives the red-cloth-wrapped gifts to the woman's family, but they do not give an answer right away. After careful consideration, the woman's family sends a message through the matchmaker. The man's family then sends the four-color gift again, which is called the 'engagement acceptance ceremony' (luohuali), and after that, they enter the engagement stage.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2eewjl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t9424n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oe0cv2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z3869i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uelfjc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wn6qhy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s3zyin.jpg)
+
+**Friday prayer (Jumu'ah)**
+
+At noon, I attended the Friday prayer (Jumu'ah) at the Changsheng Grand Mosque. The Changsheng Grand Mosque is located in the Changsheng Brigade at the foot of Yaomo Mountain (Yamalike Mountain) in the southern suburbs of Urumqi. It has the highest number of congregants among the Hui Muslim mosques in the Saybagh District, with over a hundred people attending the Friday prayer (Jumu'ah). The Changsheng Brigade used to be a series of large courtyards where everyone farmed. Now, everyone has moved collectively to the Fumin Anju residential area, and the houses are very spacious.
+
+Imam Fanta of the Changsheng Grand Mosque is my wife's uncle. Uncle Fanta is the one who performed our marriage contract (nikah). Uncle Fanta's surname is Su. The Su family is a large clan in Changsheng. Over three hundred years ago, they left Ankang, Shaanxi, and traveled through Ningxia and Jimsar to Urumqi to do business. Later, their business failed, and they eventually moved to Changsheng to farm, where they have lived ever since.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wnrhmj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k6cz5k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5om2w0.jpg)
+
+I bought fresh milk and handmade yogurt at the entrance of the Changsheng residential area. A large bucket of fresh milk only cost 20 yuan. After boiling it and adding two spoonfuls of milk skin (naipizi) I bought earlier on Hetian Street, it tasted amazing. The handmade yogurt comes with its own layer of milk skin (naipizi) and has a very rich milky flavor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fbq9xw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wp84gz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fsfdbc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h4ftib.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fxr62e.jpg)
+
+**Visiting relatives and friends.**
+
+I visited my second aunt's house and had a lunch of Hui Muslim-style lamb dumpling soup (fentang yangrou jiaozi). The soup is the version Hui Muslims in Xinjiang make for Eid, and the dumplings are filled with lamb, onions (piyanzi), and pickled cabbage. They were small and delicate, and everyone loved them.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9gju9g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y3bptb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/599zah.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hvtvhq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fwlzhq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cxsf5f.jpg)
+
+I attended a family dinner at my older sister's place. My brother-in-law is a great cook and made beef steak stew, spicy numbing chicken (jiaoma ji), pumpkin buns (kawa baozi), and smoked horse sausage. My brother-in-law makes amazing rice pilaf (zhuafan), so I made sure to ask him for his tips during the meal. Don't stir-fry the yellow carrots for the rice pilaf all the way through. Stewing them in water brings out their sweetness, so you don't need to add extra sugar. You must use plenty of oil for the rice pilaf. If you use too much, just tilt the pot and scoop the excess out. The extra oil from the rice pilaf is great for making cabbage and meat mixed noodles (banmian) because it adds so much flavor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3evrqt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t8p8nr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bx10a4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gys1iu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/du1qql.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6pj7ys.jpg)
+
+My great-aunt in Wusu invited us out to eat at Lanpin Banquet on Zhujiang Road. It shows how popular this place is among the older generation of Hui Muslims in Urumqi. As soon as we walked in, a young waiter greeted us with a salaam and showed us to our table. We have only been here twice, but the service is always excellent.
+
+This time we had stir-fried black and white lung, yellow noodles with grilled meat (huangmian kaorou), sweet platter (tianpanzi), layered steamed bread (youtazi), spicy numbing chicken, and clear-stewed meat. Everyone loved these traditional dishes.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mtgxhq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w5dqxn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7rrl8d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/giuete.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pbl5jz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6pcp8g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8q08os.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2bws1n.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Urumqi___Twenty_Three_Hui_Muslim_Neighborhoods__amp__Local_H.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Urumqi___Twenty_Three_Hui_Muslim_Neighborhoods__amp__Local_H.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f6e63e310a6641c9451671cfd58a1d7b867aeda5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Urumqi___Twenty_Three_Hui_Muslim_Neighborhoods__amp__Local_H.md
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Urumqi — Twenty-Three Hui Muslim Neighborhoods & Local History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2463"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2463"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:47Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "79d36376aee3eed47f3498bd33312576e4e2b9023da4c5cb903acd4f5836d18a"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Urumqi — Twenty-Three Hui Muslim Neighborhoods & Local History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** The Twenty-Three Hui Muslim Neighborhoods in Urumqi are tied to local Muslim settlement, street life, and Xinjiang urban history. This travel account preserves the original neighborhood names, routes, photos, and historical details in a long English article.
+
+During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China era, Urumqi had twenty-two Hui Muslim mosques and one Salar mosque, collectively known as the twenty-three mosques of Dihua. In 1945, the twenty-three mosques unanimously elected the Grand Imam Ma Liangjun as the chief leader. He taught at the Shaanxi Grand Mosque (Shaanxi Dasi), where the imams from all twenty-three mosques came to listen to his lectures every day. Today, the Shaanxi Grand Mosque, Old Quarter Mosque (Laofang Si), South Grand Mosque (Nanda Si), and Kuanxiang Mosque (Kuanxiang Si) remain as historical buildings. Others, like the Toudaoxiang Mosque and the Inner City Mosque, have been demolished, while most others have been rebuilt as modern structures. I visited several of these during my Spring Festival trip back to Urumqi.
+
+**Old Quarter Mosque (Laofang Si)**
+
+After the Qing Dynasty built Dihua City in 1758, they promoted policies to station troops and encourage migration for border defense. Since then, Hui Muslims from Shaanxi have continuously moved to Urumqi to settle. In 1808 (the 12th year of the Jiaqing reign), Shaanxi Hui Muslims built the Shaanxi Mosque in the southern pass of Dihua. This was the second Hui mosque in Urumqi, following the North Beam Mosque (Beiliang Si).
+
+After the Qing Dynasty recovered Urumqi in 1876 (the 2nd year of the Guangxu reign), they moved all Hui Muslims outside the city walls. The population at the Shaanxi Mosque grew significantly, so they rebuilt the main hall in 1877 (the 3rd year of the Guangxu reign). Later, other mosques for the Shaanxi community were formed, including the Fengxiang Mosque, West Grand Mosque (Xida Si), Binzhou Mosque, and Zhongying Palace Mosque. After the Toudaoxiang Shaanxi Grand Mosque finished its reconstruction in 1906, the original Shaanxi Mosque was renamed the Shaanxi Old Quarter Mosque, or Laofang Si for short. In 2003, the main hall of Laofang Si was listed as a municipal-level cultural relic protection site in Urumqi.
+
+The front hall of Laofang Si has a hip-and-gable roof with a rolled shed, while the rear hall has a hard-gable roof. It underwent a major structural overhaul in 2014.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m9yv2o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/utkyh0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yqq4aa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j6hhcm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r0sp11.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zyz72d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2bire5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7lp350.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/clk2pb.jpg)
+
+The rear hall of Laofang Si contains very precious Persian praise verses to Allah, but they are now completely covered by landscape paintings.
+
+Laofang Si is open to tourists from 11:00 to 13:30 and 15:00 to 17:00. You can enter the front hall, but the rear hall is only open to the congregation for the five daily namaz prayers. Imam Ma at the mosque was very welcoming and explained the history of Laofang Si to me.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5qloup.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/txxhbp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2hpej3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zr9wfv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b803ua.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yomye6.jpg)
+
+**Shaanxi Grand Mosque (Shaanxi Dasi)**
+
+Shaanxi Grand Mosque was first built in 1883 (the 9th year of the Guangxu reign) with funds from Hui Muslims who came from the Wei River valley in Shaanxi's Guanzhong region. It is located on a slope south of Toudaoxiang, outside the south gate of Urumqi. As the number of Shaanxi Hui Muslims moving to Urumqi increased, the Shaanxi Mosque was rebuilt in 1902 (the 28th year of the Guangxu reign). The project took five years and was completed in 1906 (the 32nd year of the Guangxu reign). It was officially named the Shaanxi Grand Mosque and became the largest Hui mosque in Urumqi. It was listed as a major historical and cultural site protected at the national level in 2013.
+
+The Shaanxi Grand Mosque features traditional Guanzhong architectural style. The main hall has a single-eave hip-and-gable roof, and the rear kiln hall has a hip roof. The top features a very ornate moon-watching tower with an octagonal pointed roof. The main hall is surrounded by thirty-six pillars forming a corridor, with column bases carved with traditional patterns like the Eight Immortals. The walls, doors, windows, hanging pillars, and brackets feature exquisite brick and wood carvings, along with various flower and fruit patterns.
+
+Under the eaves of the main hall, there is a decorative technique unique to Xinjiang called flower board stepping (huaban cai). This replaces traditional brackets with wooden boards carved with various patterns, such as dove heads, elephant heads, clouds, and peach designs, which are highly decorative.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cmmjqu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bo66kv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t58n8b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ipge6g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/496hpu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gal8z3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bwtn8b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hfgcxw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fqlrq2.jpg)
+
+The facade of the main hall features beautiful Shaanxi-style Arabic calligraphy in stone and wood carvings. The stone calligraphy carvings are located on the gates on both sides of the rear kiln hall. Because they were covered with thick carpets to block the wind during winter, it was difficult to photograph the full view.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r2x7gs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/41p3gw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yw3n0x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jhvyzo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0vncc9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5z0avw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oowj74.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yd8brk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rn9vad.jpg)
+
+The main hall uses a traditional beam-lifting wooden frame. Between the main hall and the prayer niche (yaodian) stands a wooden screen carved with intertwined grape vines. It features traditional Arabic calligraphy in the center, and the Shahada is cleverly written above it in the shape of tree roots.
+
+An inscription on the main hall roof reads: Built by the collective efforts of officials, merchants, scholars, and commoners from all provinces in Guanzhong. Rebuilt under the supervision of Imam Ma Liangjun, the head of the mosque in Xianyang. Completed on an auspicious day in the middle of the seventh lunar month in the 32nd year of the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty. Managed by community leaders Lan Jiling, Chen Yuanshan, Ma Zhihe, Guo Shijun, Mai Wannian, An Changzhong, Ma Yuefu, Ma Zhenhai, Zhou Yanxing, An Guixiang, and Ma Sheng, with carpenters Bai Xingfa and Xiao Yizhang.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hjq451.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h8u0sj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yjj97b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yietkv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/br9ckx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/51j3yp.jpg)
+
+The prayer niche ceiling features an exquisite caisson (zaojing) made of three layers of hanging lotus-style wooden components.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ralago.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dlzh23.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jf427g.jpg)
+
+The prayer niche contains Arabic calligraphy, and both the mihrab and the two side doors feature traditional Shaanxi-style wood-carved calligraphy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yshklk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ct2tvt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xt9eii.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7did6u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iphwms.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xnqqso.jpg)
+
+Shaanxi Grand Mosque is now open to visitors daily from 11:00-13:00 and 15:00-17:00. The main hall is unlocked, and there are two exhibition halls to explore.
+
+The exhibition halls display architectural parts from the Shaanxi Grand Mosque, antique porcelain, and a century-old carpet decorated with various antique patterns and floral designs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oe53h0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e8ke1b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tycz83.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4wlra2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z3tv5z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5cdmym.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hsr53x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a5pzsa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/okxqsw.jpg)
+
+Exhibits include ox and sheep bone tablets used by students (mulla) for learning, works by the great Imam Ma Liangjun, and a 1950 notice appointing him as a member of the Northwest Military and Political Commission's Ethnic Affairs Committee.
+
+Great Imam Ma Liangjun was born in Zhangjiachuan, Gansu. As a young man, he traveled to Yunnan and received authentic teachings from Imam Ma Renshan (Pu'er Ma). He later went to Pingliang, Gansu, to teach and became a famous scholar of the Shaanxi school of mosque education. In 1913, Great Imam Ma Liangjun was hired to lead the Shaanxi Grand Mosque. Later, he served at several mosques in Xinjiang and trained many students. As Xinjiang approached peaceful liberation in 1949, Great Imam Ma Liangjun traveled three times to persuade Ma Chengxiang, the commander of the 5th Cavalry Division who held military power, eventually convincing him to surrender his command and leave Xinjiang.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ym1toc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zrkyku.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/09gkwt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ttg433.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8gupm1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/964l8h.jpg)
+
+An old photo of the Shaanxi Grand Mosque before its 1984 renovation.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lvd0s6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x60oxq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pxt0l6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/llkkfm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2hhz1o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9tcmce.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o9rgwr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ekdpd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7qw0on.jpg)
+
+**South Grand Mosque (Nan Dasi).**
+
+The South Grand Mosque is known as the 'First Mosque of the Jahriyya Order in Urumqi.' It was founded in 1874 (the 13th year of the Tongzhi reign) on Nansi Lane and was originally called Nantaizi Mosque. In 1917, Li Jiliang, the 'Rais' (leader) of the Jahriyya order in Xinjiang, selected the current site west of Erdaoqiao Road. Reconstruction was completed in 1919 with strong support from Ma Shaowu, the fifth-generation descendant of the Jahriyya founder, and Ma Guangtai, an agricultural official from Nanshan, who donated most of the timber for construction. In 2003, the main hall of the South Grand Mosque was listed as a cultural relic protection site in Urumqi.
+
+In 1914, Yang Zengxin appointed Ma Shaowu as the garrison commander of Kuqa, giving him military authority. He served in the Xinjiang government for over 20 years and worked hard to maintain national unity and ethnic harmony. During this period, the Jahriyya order grew in Xinjiang, and the South Grand Mosque became the largest Jahriyya mosque in the region at that time.
+
+The main hall of the South Grand Mosque has a gabled and hipped roof. Under the eaves, it uses a Xinjiang-style 'flower board' technique, replacing traditional brackets with wooden boards carved with various patterns.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eni137.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hqbvxq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y39s2s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mupaem.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6ylo8d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tgrgyt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p3qg17.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lljaqt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ly8tn6.jpg)
+
+Arabic and Chinese calligraphy on the facade of the South Grand Mosque's main hall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bibdmp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8q2luk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/764z3j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cotw9b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yqmpu4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5qhi43.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/05cl8q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/39of03.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1oolgd.jpg)
+
+The South Grand Mosque is open to visitors from 11:00-13:30 and 15:30-17:00. There is a machine at the entrance of the main hall that provides shoe covers for entering the front hall. The rear hall is open for namaz five times a day and is inaccessible at other times. However, the elders at the mosque are very welcoming. Because I arrived after hours, they specifically let me pray in the duty room. The Jahriyya order is known for its beautiful melodies during dhikr, and another major feature is wearing a six-sided cap.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q0pop8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nzt226.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mquq61.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1v81wv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/flgzvn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m9uhud.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gc4ykp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gfvixq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ii9vlk.jpg)
+
+**Kuanxiang Mosque**
+
+Kuanxiang Mosque was first built during the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty. It was rebuilt in 1934 into the current two-story brick building, with offices on the first floor and the main prayer hall on the second. Under the eaves of the main hall, there are beautiful wood carvings featuring various flowers, birds, and animal patterns. Kuanxiang Mosque is currently under construction, and all other buildings outside the main hall have been demolished.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t96022.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gv49i7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/34htaj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ie8ld.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zd3npn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1wikp8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5srgtb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gjx0ye.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y1bnpd.jpg)
+
+**Other Mosques**
+
+Qinghai Grand Mosque: Built in 1868 (the seventh year of the Tongzhi reign) by Hui Muslims from Qinghai, it was originally named Xining Mosque. In 1945, after Ma Chengxiang of the Qinghai Ma Family Army marched into Xinjiang, it was renamed Qinghai Mosque. Qinghai Mosque has some congregants from the Ikhwan and Huasi menhuan sects, and it maintains the tradition of observing the memorial day for the Huasi master.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xotyid.jpg)
+
+Sala Mosque: Built in 1865 (the fourth year of the Tongzhi reign) by the Salar people from Qinghai. In 1945, many Salar officers and soldiers served under Ma Chengxiang of the Qinghai Ma Family Army when they entered Xinjiang, so the mosque was renovated in 1948. In 2002, Sala Mosque was rebuilt into its current structure. Like Qinghai Mosque, Sala Mosque has some congregants from the Ikhwan and Huasi menhuan sects, and it maintains the tradition of observing the memorial day for the Huasi master.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pa9uc4.jpg)
+
+Hezhou Grand Mosque: Built in 1915 by Hui Muslims from Linxia, Gansu. It was acquired and demolished by the Urumqi Waste Recycling Station in 1977, then rebuilt in 1988.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sscdvg.jpg)
+
+Beifang Mosque: First built in 1886 (the twelfth year of the Guangxu reign). It was once occupied by the Urumqi No. 2 Rubber Factory, but was later restored and rebuilt.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rggi7b.jpg)
+
+Dongfang Grand Mosque: First built in 1877 (the third year of the Guangxu reign).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fu1nyf.jpg)
+
+Xidasi Mosque: Built in 1890 (the sixteenth year of the Guangxu reign) by Hui Muslims from Shaanxi. Originally named Xifang Mosque, it started as a small prayer spot on the south side of Shanxi Alley before moving to its current location to be rebuilt.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7vh6gs.jpg)
+
+Balikun Mosque: Built in 1877 (the third year of the Guangxu reign) by Hui Muslims from Balikun.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lpp1vq.jpg)
+
+Fengxiang Mosque: Built in 1884 (the tenth year of the Guangxu reign) by Hui Muslims from Fengxiang, Shaanxi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5gw5dq.jpg)
+
+Binzhou Mosque (Baiji Mosque): During the Tongzhi reign, many Hui Muslims from Binzhou Prefecture (now Binzhou City) in Shaanxi fled to Urumqi's Xiguan area to settle down. During the Guangxu reign, Imam Ma Xuehai (known as Hongchengzi) led the community to build the first Binzhou Mosque at the entrance of Baojiaju Alley outside Urumqi's Great West Gate. It was moved to its current location on Mashi Alley (Yucai Alley) and rebuilt in 1909 (the first year of the Xuantong reign). Because most of the congregants came from Baiji Town in Binzhou Prefecture, it is also called Baiji Mosque. In 1990, due to the redevelopment of the Mashi residential area, Binzhou Mosque was moved more than 100 meters south and rebuilt.
+
+Imam Ma Xuehai was an eighth-generation descendant of Hu Dengzhou, the founder of the scripture hall education system. During the Guangxu reign, he was known alongside Ma Liangjun and Zhou Erye (Zhou Zhendong) as one of the three great imams. He led Binzhou Mosque three times and passed away (returned to Allah) at the mosque in 1924. Among his students, the most prestigious was Imam Ma Zhaolin (known as Huazhezi). Imam Ma Zhaolin was also from Binzhou. He studied the scriptures under Imam Ma Xuehai from a young age and became his adopted son. Imam Ma Zhaolin led the Binzhou mosque four times. In 1943, he was delayed in Xi'an while on his way to Hajj and was hired to lead the Xiaopiyuan mosque. He passed away in 1955 while serving as the imam at the Shaanxi mosque in Changji.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y14iq1.jpg)
+
+The original site of Lanpingfang was in Yonghe Zhengxiang. It was built together by Hui Muslims from Lanzhou and Pingfan (now Yongdeng County) in Gansu. In 1946, Yongdeng Hui Muslims built the separate Yongdeng mosque, and Lanpingfang was renamed the Lanzhou mosque. It moved to its current location on Yuejin Street in 1984. The community members of the Lanzhou mosque mainly belong to the Khufiyya (hufuye) menhuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/suphj2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ndk9no.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Wangjiagou_Hui_Muslim_Village_in_Chengde.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Wangjiagou_Hui_Muslim_Village_in_Chengde.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4cf2d58f997d158c35973f94f522c7b06f5bb4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Wangjiagou_Hui_Muslim_Village_in_Chengde.md
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Wangjiagou Hui Muslim Village in Chengde"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2503"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2503"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:37Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "a648e3f8de28a4e1520a6c15ce55622e402ab455384843a0a1080d802465ddaa"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Wangjiagou Hui Muslim Village in Chengde
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This account visits Wangjiagou, a Hui Muslim village in the valleys of Chengde, Hebei. It keeps the original village scenes, community details, route notes, and photographs in a faithful English version.
+
+I took my family to Chengde for the weekend. I found out that Wangjiagou in Luanping County is a village of Hui Muslims, so we drove there from Chengde in an hour for a visit.
+
+Most Hui Muslims in Wangjiagou came from Shandong during the Qing Dynasty. Records show the Ma family moved here from Jinan, Shandong, pushing a small cart during the Qianlong era, while the Dong family moved here from Wucheng County in Dezhou, Shandong.
+
+Wangjiagou Mosque was first built in 1748 (the 13th year of the Qianlong reign). It was renovated in 1831 (the 11th year of the Daoguang reign) and rebuilt again in 1992 into its current form, keeping the traditional northern architectural style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fd7x0p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4ryh32.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t0sc27.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/856pkz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zei66b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4y0ixs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fccc54.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nw1o8r.jpg)
+
+**Brick carvings of dua at Wangjiagou Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qu5r5n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sk1o7h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/md2p8v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/goj52p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mspjll.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/crw8ui.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zuo2r9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9lwjah.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x60aav.jpg)
+
+The wood carvings in the main hall of Wangjiagou Mosque feature traditional patterns like five bats (representing good fortune) and two phoenixes facing the sun.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bfkc4g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6z9ece.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cpbi08.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1pvh5b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tqx8ao.jpg)
+
+The peaceful and serene scenery of a Hui Muslim village outside the Great Wall. Wangjiagou is located on the imperial road from Beijing through Gubeikou to Chengde. The villagers have traditionally made their living by wholesaling beef and mutton.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hpfmtb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9kksz1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wbv28g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/09r5fs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eqad7t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ztxvz1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u0el6e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xld1gp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bqplxz.jpg)
+
+A few years ago, Wangjiagou opened a halal food street with all kinds of barbecue, lamb bone broth (yangtang), and stir-fried dishes. It is not the peak season right now, so business is a bit quiet. We ate at a place called Liu Xiangdong Lamb Soup Restaurant and ordered magnolia buds (mulanya), three-colored flat beans (sanse dabian), stir-fried river shrimp with chives, stewed beef tendon and meat (jintou banao), and deep-fried eggplant boxes (zha qiehe). They just changed their menu, so many of the dishes were not available yet. Magnolia buds (mulanya) are the tender shoots of the goldenrain tree. You can find them in the mountains around Beijing and Hebei in the spring. When served as a cold salad, they taste similar to Chinese toon buds (xiangchun ya), but the scent is not as strong.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4w76xs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5d26sj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sge0um.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x3y4d0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ing683.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y7iuyv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/69md6t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/he7wqa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rnsj6c.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Wangjiaying__Huai_an___Hui_Muslim_Town_and_Mosques.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Wangjiaying__Huai_an___Hui_Muslim_Town_and_Mosques.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba9ecc36667b4b6e00766cd6d8e51c7bd8a00ec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Wangjiaying__Huai_an___Hui_Muslim_Town_and_Mosques.md
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Wangjiaying, Huai'an - Hui Muslim Town and Mosques"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2528"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2528"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:45Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "16d41e2fee0f217839ca845dd9c849061fe179a1c0bd63674331a27feb83467a"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Wangjiaying, Huai'an - Hui Muslim Town and Mosques
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Wangjiaying in Huai'an, Jiangsu, sits between the old Yellow River course and the Salt River and has long been an important Hui Muslim town. This account covers its mosque history, family stories, streets, food, and photographs as recorded in the source visit.
+
+Wangjiaying in Huai'an, Jiangsu, sits between the old Yellow River course and the Salt River. During the Ming Dynasty, the government set up the Dahe Guard in Huai'an and built ten military camps along the Yellow River. Wangjiaying was one of them. Travel on the Yellow River section of the canal was slow and dangerous, often leading to broken ropes and sunken boats. Many merchants chose to leave their boats at Qingjiangpu, cross the Yellow River at Wangjiaying, and switch to horse-drawn carriages to head north. Together, Wangjiaying and Qingjiangpu grew into a busy town.
+
+Wangjiaying survived many floods from the Yellow River and moved east three times to reach its current location. In 1831, the Viceroy of Liangjiang, Tao Peng, chose Wangjiaying as a new hub for Huai salt distribution. After that, eighteen salt warehouses and seventy-two salt offices opened in Wangjiaying. Salt boats traveled constantly along the three-hundred-mile waterway from the Huaibei salt fields to Wangjiaying.
+
+The prosperity of Wangjiaying attracted Hui Muslims to settle there. The first Hui Muslims to arrive were the Ma and Sha families, who came from Lingwu County in Ningxia by way of Shandong and Zhenjiang. Later, families named Jin, Dai, Chang, Ge, Fan, Li, and Yang also settled here.
+
+The Wangjiaying Mosque was first built during the Yongzheng era. It started as three thatched rooms next to the Lotus Pond (Hehuawang) in Wangjiapo. After Wangjiaying became a salt hub in the late Daoguang era, the mosque moved to the south bank of the Salt River. Two imams, Chang Tingzhang and Dai Mingxuan, led the religious affairs. Imam Chang Tingzhang was known as 'Third Master Chang.' He was from Jining, Shandong, and was born in 1785 in Taoyuan County, Huai'an Prefecture (now Siyang, Jiangsu). In his youth, he studied in Lingzhou (now Lingwu County, Ningxia). After finishing his studies, he traveled to Jining, Shandong, to continue learning. In 1810, the 26-year-old Imam Chang Tingzhang was invited to lead the Wangjiaying Mosque. Imam Chang Tingzhang had deep knowledge of Arabic classics, astronomy, and medicine. According to the 'Wangjiaying Records,' a man named Third Master Tao from Hangzhou died in Huai'an during the Daoguang era. Because it was the heat of summer, Imam Chang Tingzhang personally bought a boat and traveled south along the canal to take the body back to Hangzhou for the family.
+
+In 1860, the Nian Army burned down the Wangjiaying Mosque. In 1867, Imam Dai Jingzhai, the son of Imam Dai Mingxuan, led the construction of a few thatched huts. Later, with donations from the community, they built a main hall with three thatched rooms.
+
+Imam Chang Tingzhang passed away in 1870. Imam Dai Jingzhai took over, and in 1884, they replaced the thatched rooms with tiled ones. Because Imam Chang Tingzhang had studied at the Jahriyya Banqiao Daotang in Jinjipu, Ningxia, in his youth, the Wangjiaying Mosque later invited five successive imams from the Jahriyya order in Jinjipu to lead the mosque and teach. Future imams also went to Ningxia for advanced study, making the Wangjiaying Mosque one of the nine major branches of the Banqiao Daotang.
+
+In 1912, the Wangjiaying Mosque built a new gate, a south lecture hall, a kitchen, and a washroom. In 1920, with funding from the Jingshan Tang in Gansu and money from selling willow trees at the public cemetery, they rebuilt the three tiled, curved-eave rooms in front of the main hall and added three new rooms for the east lecture hall. Currently, there is a 1920 Republic of China renovation tablet on the north wall of the main hall, but the top part is covered.
+
+In 1958, the Wangjiaying Mosque moved to the east of West Horse Road in Wangying. In 1961, it moved to its current site because a bank needed the land for a building. During the destruction of the Four Olds, the main hall's plaques reading 'The Way Spreads to the Middle Land,' 'The Religion Follows the Western Regions,' and 'Striving for Perfection,' along with gold-lettered Arabic plaques and couplets, were all smashed and burned. The couplets read: 'See the invisible, hear the silent, rectify the intention and sincerity, become a saint or a sage, the original nature; The Way is established, movement brings harmony, reach others through oneself, benefit the world, all is complete.' Funeral tools were also destroyed, and the main hall was used as a warehouse by a shoe and hat factory.
+
+In 1979, under the leadership of Imam Ge Weili, the Wangjiaying Mosque was rebuilt in a traditional style. It was finished in 1985 and underwent two more renovations and expansions in 2003 and 2006 to reach its current appearance.
+
+Imam Ge Weili was born in 1924. He went to Ningxia to study in 1937. In 1945, after completing his religious training and receiving his robe, he became the imam of Wangjiaying Mosque. He took on the role of imam in 1966. Today, the religious affairs at Wangjiaying Mosque are led by Imam Fan Weiming, a student of Imam Ge Weili.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hbu2pm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1t6myp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zc43gh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4cjmqq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7hfjl7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mikdpo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y8dtjp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c4g14q.jpg)
+
+The inscription from the Republic of China era reads as follows:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dony6a.jpg)
+
+Wangying Mosque was founded during the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty. By the end of the Daoguang reign, our community was at its peak. Our population grew, our businesses thrived, and we had elders like Chang and Dai Mingxuan leading our religious affairs. They taught many students, and this history is recorded in local chronicles for all to verify. In the tenth year of the Xianfeng reign, the Nian Rebellion broke out. The mosque was burned to the ground, our people fled or died, and our community dwindled.
+
+In the sixth year of the Tongzhi reign, Dai Jingzhai, the son of Elder Dai Mingxuan, followed his father's teachings and took over the leadership. He first built a few thatched huts to hold prayers morning and evening. However, the space was too simple for proper worship. It was too small to hold gatherings. The imam was deeply worried. He raised funds from many sources and built a main hall with three rooms made of grass. Later, he consulted with Yang Xuting, Ma Yunfeng, and Guo Daosheng. With their help, they rebuilt the main tiled hall and lecture hall in the tenth year of the Guangxu reign, and things began to return to normal. As more of our people moved here, the original public cemetery became so full there was almost no space left. The imam was concerned that our community lacked its own burial ground, which made things very difficult during times of loss. He planned to buy land to solve this, and Mr. Ma Yunfeng agreed to help. Sadly, Mr. Ma passed away before the task was finished. Fortunately, Mr. Ma's brother, Runzhi, carried on his brother's wishes. With the strong support of local elder Li Yunpo, they set aside differences and raised enough money to buy two new cemetery plots. The imam's kindness to our community was thorough. This was due to the support of many public-spirited people, but it was also the result of the imam's decades of hard work and sincere devotion.
+
+In the first year of the Republic of China, we worked to continue the efforts of our predecessors by adding a main gate, a south lecture hall, and a kitchen. Mr. Ge Ziming built a washroom (shuifang) and donated hundreds of thousands in currency. We also invited Imam Wang Pinqing from Gansu Province to teach the scriptures. Visitors from all over praised the work. In recent years, wind and rain damage made the halls look like they might collapse. We met and decided to sell dozens of willow trees around the cemetery, raising over two hundred thousand. The Jinshan Hall in Gansu also kindly donated many wooden beams and tiles. We then built a three-room tiled hall with curved eaves in front of the main hall, and repaired the surrounding walls, the three-room east lecture hall, and the courtyard gates. This was a massive project funded by public property and donations. We are humble about our own contributions, but we record these details because, despite two hundred years of change, our mosque still stands. This is largely due to the efforts of our ancestors and elders. We hope future generations will remember how hard it was to build this place and will protect it forever so it never falls into ruin. This is our deepest wish. We record this history here.
+
+**July, the ninth year of the Republic of China.**
+
+**Jin Jiasheng, Jin Jialin, Guo Chunlin, Yang Fangtian**
+
+**Chang Bingkui, Li Shunjie, Chang Guanying, Mu Hongbin**
+
+**Jin Jiayuan, Ma Jianong, Fan Zhaofeng, Yang Guiyuan**
+
+**Ge Futang, Li Dianqing, Ma Jiarang, Mu Hong'en**
+
+**Ma Jialin, Ge Zhenqing, He Wenquan, Zhou Fengling**
+
+**Sha Faxiang, Liu Lianyuan, Zhou Riyang, Mu Hongye**
+
+The most famous Hui Muslim food in Wangjiaying is the fried dough snack (youtoutou) from the Hui Muslim Restaurant, made by Old Li Ku. Their version was added to the Huaiyin District intangible cultural heritage list in 2016. In 1942, Li Dongtian from Shandong brought his family to Wangjiaying to make a living. He and his son, Li Haiquan, sold their homemade fried dough snacks (youtoutou) near the Yanhe Bridge in Huaiyin while carrying trays. That is how the Huaiyin fried dough snack (youtoutou) became popular.
+
+The fried dough snack (youtoutou) is three inches long. It turns golden yellow when fried. It is delicious when wrapped in an egg and served with wheat porridge. Wheat porridge is rare in other places. It has a unique taste and includes peanuts. In Huai'an, breakfast is usually served with several types of pickles, such as pickled mustard greens (datoucai), cold tossed eggplant, tossed snow cabbage (xuelihong), and tossed green peppers. They all go well with porridge.
+
+The history of the Wangjiaying Hui Muslim Restaurant dates back to the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. After the salt administration expanded at the West Dam in Wangjiaying in 1831 (the 11th year of Daoguang), Imam Dai Mingxuan of the Wangjiaying Mosque opened a halal restaurant at the north end of Yushan Street. He hired the best chefs in Wangjiaying, making it a high-end establishment where many Huai'an officials and dignitaries held banquets.
+
+In 1860 (the 10th year of Xianfeng), after the Nian Army broke through Wangjiaying, the halal restaurant and the Wangjiaying Mosque were both destroyed in the war. In 1886 (the 12th year of Guangxu), with everyone's help, Imam Dai Jingzhai, the son of Imam Dai Mingxuan, reopened the restaurant at the North Weimen Gate of Wangjiaying. It was forced to close after 1937 due to the Japanese invasion of China, but it reopened after 1945. After the public-private partnership in 1958, the halal restaurant was merged into the Huaiyin Food and Beverage Company No. 2, with Ma Hengpu serving as manager. At the end of 1959, it moved to Beijing Road. It had three storefront rooms in the front and four kitchen rooms in the back, with Wang Jinbiao taking over as manager. After the 1970s, Li Haiquan took over as manager and renamed it the Hui Muslim Restaurant. After the 1980s, Ma Hengbao led the construction of a new two-story building, and Dai Peng took over as manager. In 2003, the Hui Muslim Restaurant was restructured into a private enterprise and has continued to operate to this day.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pktsuf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y6uwzl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a000ct.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0p28t7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mtz5am.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b12d7v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/09mhvd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fuy4jy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x9ctl1.jpg)
+
+Besides the fried dough snack (youtoutou), you should also try Huai'an spicy soup (latang) when visiting Wangjiaying. Many restaurants here serve it. Compared to Henan spicy soup (hulatang), the Huai'an spicy soup (latang) has a milder taste. It uses less ginger and pepper. It contains shredded kelp, gluten, dried tofu strips (gansi), and glass noodles (fensi). Those who prefer a light flavor can drink it as is, while those who like it stronger can add chili sauce.
+
+We drank the spicy soup (latang) at the Dachong Small Restaurant in front of the Wangjiaying Mosque and also ate beef potstickers (guotie), beef soup, and beef noodles. The potstickers (guotie) here are quite small. One serving has five, so you can order two servings. They are all pan-fried to order.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tu5rkk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8qijkn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oku7zj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0wcy9t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t1qtdq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2w9uew.jpg)
+
+The Hui Muslim shops near Wangjiaying are likely the most concentrated in all of Jiangsu Province, which shows the strength of the local faith.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q3y8xo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4ks3g9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z92eq2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7fxrhu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jhynr6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6rxu2y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qgjcws.jpg)
+
+Shops opened by Hui Muslims from Matou Town near Wangjiaying. Matou Town was once the meeting point of the Middle Grand Canal and the Li Canal. Many Hui Muslims have lived there since the Qing Dynasty. They built three mosques over time at Xiyuba Village, the mouth of the Li Canal, and the old long street at the south end of town. The current Matou Mosque was moved and rebuilt in 2008, but I did not have time to visit it on this trip.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m3xxa5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1j4arq.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Weishan__Dali___Ancient_Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_Heritage.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Weishan__Dali___Ancient_Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_Heritage.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffe3de1d67a5f5f5851e75b159bda6144ab3b4c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Weishan__Dali___Ancient_Mosques_and_Hui_Muslim_Heritage.md
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Weishan, Dali — Ancient Mosques and Hui Muslim Heritage"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2289"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2289"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:44Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "793ba1a1f479eb25b26e1e2cc16a508d5ccd05d35d87c70385e118c508a4c0a7"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Weishan, Dali — Ancient Mosques and Hui Muslim Heritage
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Weishan in Dali, Yunnan, has old mosques and Hui Muslim communities tied to local history, mountain roads, and everyday mosque life. This account closes the 2023 Dali route with visits to ancient mosques, local streets, and community scenes while preserving the original photos and order.
+
+On January 30, I rode an electric scooter from Xiaguan in Dali to Weishan. This is my third visit to Weishan, following trips in 2017 and 2020. My main goal was to visit several mosques I missed during my first two trips.
+
+During my first two trips to Weishan, I visited 20 traditional mosques in Dali, 16 of which were in Weishan. I wrote about them in my article, "Twenty Traditional Mosques in Dali." This time, I visited 5 new mosques in Weishan, bringing my total to 21 traditional mosques visited in the area.
+
+**1. Xincun Mosque**
+
+**2. Chenjia Mosque**
+
+**3. Xishulong Mosque**
+
+**4. Shangxi Lianhua Mosque**
+
+**5. Xiaxi Lianhua Mosque**
+
+**6. Dong Lianhua Mosque**
+
+**7. Sanjiacun Mosque**
+
+Riding an electric scooter from Xiaguan in Dali to Weishan was probably the most challenging route of my Dali cycling trips. The trip there included 17 kilometers of continuous downhill riding with crosswinds. I had to keep my eyes on the road and my hands on the brakes the whole time without relaxing. Dali also has a large temperature difference between day and night in winter. It was quite cold in the mountains in the morning, but it warmed up as soon as the sun came out at noon.
+
+I didn't dare take any photos while crossing the mountains and only took out my phone once I reached Yongjian Town. This was my third time visiting the market on Hedi Street, and it was still very lively. The Yi ethnic aunties here wore bright, colorful clothes, which looked very different from the Yi clothing I saw in the Daliang Mountains a few days ago.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wfsfe0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g23lkk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/syymwt.jpg)
+
+Riding my scooter through the villages of Yongjian Town to visit old mosques, the pastoral scenery along the way was refreshing. However, riding on country roads sometimes leads to unexpected situations. On my way to Xincun, the furthest Hui Muslim village in Yongjian Town, the road was suddenly cut off by a small, clear river where villagers were washing clothes and shoes. I didn't have time to enjoy the scenery because I was immediately worried. Taking another route meant going all the way back, which would waste a lot of time, but I had no experience riding a bike through water and was afraid I would slip and fall into the river with my bike. After a moment of hesitation, I decided to ride into the river. My bike shot into the middle of the river, and I lost control, heading straight toward the woman who was washing her shoes by the bank. I quickly put my foot down and pushed hard to steer the bike back in the right direction.
+
+I made it across the river, but the shoe and sock on the foot I used to steady myself were completely soaked. Luckily, the midday sun in Dali was very strong, so I let my sock dry while I kept riding, and it was dry in no time.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tk3dbd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ntg4r6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w02z73.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bk86um.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y26x4j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z8ri5q.jpg)
+
+**Xincun Mosque**
+
+I first visited Xincun Mosque, which sits on a hillside at the far northwest end of the Weishan Basin. Xincun is known as the first Hui Muslim village at the source of the Red River, with a rushing river in front and lush greenery behind, making for a beautiful setting. The founding date of Xincun Mosque is unknown; it was destroyed in 1872 (the 11th year of the Tongzhi reign), rebuilt during the Guangxu reign, and the main hall was rebuilt again in 1994. The current main hall features a double-eave hip-and-gable roof and still maintains the traditional architectural style of the Dali region.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n2bp2n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xvumi8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/38pgyz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pgtmjk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rdql8b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5t1ank.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6hq0wm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f00bfr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e3xvt1.jpg)
+
+The minaret of Xincun Mosque was rebuilt in 1988 and has a hexagonal pointed roof. The following photos show the scenery in the village.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jw8y8g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y9x3s2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aoprfo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5uwvbc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4h8hfj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/av0djl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5w3nyl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/396m52.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dyarq3.jpg)
+
+Hardworking fellow Muslims.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kurr9r.jpg)
+
+**Chen Family Mosque (Chenjia Si)**
+
+I rode my bike from Xincun to the Chen Family Mosque northwest of Xishulong Village. I missed this mosque when I visited Xishulong Village in 2020. The Chen Family Mosque was built by the Chen family of Xishulong Village. Its original construction date is unknown. The ancestors of the Chen family moved here from Shaanxi, settling down after several moves.
+
+The Chen Family Mosque was rebuilt in 1902 (the 28th year of the Guangxu reign) and expanded into its current structure in 1987. It sits near the mountains and water, offering beautiful scenery.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z7ht0y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wke5g8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/50k3qi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lucmrk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i60ysb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dkptyi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bars14.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x1n2sm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/645c5d.jpg)
+
+**Xishulong Mosque**
+
+I performed the noon namaz at Xishulong Mosque. I visited Xishulong Mosque once in 2020, and this is my second time here. The original construction date of Xishulong Mosque is unknown. It was rebuilt in 1902 (the 28th year of the Guangxu reign) and rebuilt again in 1990 into its current form. The main hall has a double-eaved hip-and-gable roof with a unique hexagonal pavilion in the center of the roof ridge.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mrfduv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/250ryo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ts8nyp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m704c3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4x57th.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/or1267.jpg)
+
+**Shangxi Lianhua Mosque**
+
+I rode south from Xishulong Village to Shangxi Lianhua Village to visit the Shangxi Lianhua Mosque. The original construction date of Shangxi Lianhua Mosque is unknown. It was destroyed in 1872 (the 11th year of the Tongzhi reign) and later rebuilt and expanded several times into its current structure.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nqq6it.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6q7e5j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sfu5yz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ff6eny.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/085ydx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4j9ega.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/php0zv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m5adti.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1m1c4b.jpg)
+
+**Xiaxi Lianhua Mosque**
+
+I traveled from Shangxi Lianhua Mosque to Xiaxi Lianhua Mosque. The original construction date of Xiaxi Lianhua Mosque is also unknown. It was destroyed in 1872 (the 11th year of the Tongzhi reign), rebuilt in 1925, and later rebuilt again into its current structure.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fzlxzs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ggee1p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/12f359.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7toeg1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n3svun.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cp8743.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tf6nv0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y5g4yg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/41iekb.jpg)
+
+**Dong Lianhua Mosque**
+
+I traveled from Xiaxi Lotus Mosque (Xiaxi Lianhua Si) to Donglianhua Village, the best-preserved village in Weishan. I visited three Ma family courtyards, which I wrote about in 'The Three Hui Muslim Caravan Courtyards of Donglianhua Village, Weishan, Dali,' and then I visited the Donglianhua Mosque.
+
+Donglianhua Mosque was first built during the Qing Dynasty and was expanded twice, in 1921 and 1987. The mosque layout runs from east to west, featuring the main gate, the minaret, and the main prayer hall (Chaozhen Dian). The minaret divides the courtyard into two sections.
+
+The minaret was raised to four stories in 1987, following a five-five-three-one structural design. The first three floors serve as classrooms for holiday study groups, while the fourth floor is where the adhan is called.
+
+The main prayer hall was expanded in 1921 into a five-bay by seven-bay structure, and it was expanded again in 1987 into a nine-bay by eleven-bay structure. The mihrab features traditional Arabic calligraphy in the classic Yunnan style.
+
+In front of the main prayer hall hangs a plaque inscribed with 'Cheng Yi Bu Er' (Sincerity is Unique), which was presented by Major General Yang Shengqi in 1926. General Yang Shengqi was close friends with Ma Ruji, a major caravan leader in Donglianhua. In 1926, he traveled from Kunming to visit Ma Ruji in Donglianhua and presented this plaque to the mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8x3bjl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iyjnie.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/86m380.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a097ir.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xlm5gt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xf0299.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mnjhr7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k3mb6t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v2x0t0.jpg)
+
+**Sanjia Village Mosque**
+
+Finally, I visited the Sanjia Village Mosque. Sanjia Village was originally called Saijia Village. The Sai family were descendants of Masuh, the fifth son of Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din Omar. They moved from Daweigeng and Xiaweigeng villages in the mid-Ming Dynasty to establish Saijia Village. Later, many Hui Muslims with other surnames moved here, making it one of the larger Hui Muslim villages in the Yongjian Basin. During the Tongzhi reign, the entire village of over 3,500 people was killed. Later, three families returned to settle here, so the name was changed to Sanjia (Three Families) Village.
+
+The current main prayer hall of the Sanjia Village Mosque was rebuilt in 1997, and from the top, you can look out over the scenery of the Yongjian Basin. The setting sun shone down, making the Yongjian Basin glow with a beautiful golden light.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qcczep.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ppyx4n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yuq78n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6xd5yy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0wxtvv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1dm9ax.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gj8qg9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m2udal.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xi_an_Muslim_Quarter___Qing_Era_Hui_Muslim_Homes.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xi_an_Muslim_Quarter___Qing_Era_Hui_Muslim_Homes.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29724a72c08b7d363863931a46c1e78f40e4e4c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xi_an_Muslim_Quarter___Qing_Era_Hui_Muslim_Homes.md
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Xi'an Muslim Quarter — Qing-Era Hui Muslim Homes"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2469"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2469"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:51Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "54dbc2c3023170451eae47a2bb708b7b1c856d2d22eccc4a59083782a8d5fddc"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Xi'an Muslim Quarter — Qing-Era Hui Muslim Homes
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Deep inside Xi'an Muslim Quarter, several Qing-era Hui Muslim homes still hold traces of courtyard life, family history, and local Muslim culture. This article follows three of those homes with their original locations, photos, architectural details, and neighborhood context preserved.
+
+On this trip to Xi'an, I visited the An Family Courtyard (Anjia Xiaoyuan) on Huajue Lane, one of the last remaining traditional Hui Muslim homes in the city. The An Family Courtyard faces the spirit wall of the Great Mosque of Huajue Lane. The entrance is always crowded with tourists, and the An family runs a small stall there. If you didn't know about it beforehand, you would never guess such a well-preserved Qing Dynasty home was hidden here.
+
+The An family made and sold candles for generations. Their fifth-generation ancestor built this house during the Qianlong reign, making it over 200 years old. The house was originally a connected four-courtyard complex (lian si yuan), but only this one section remains today. The current owner of the An Family Courtyard is An Shouxin, a retired professor from Xi'an University of Technology and a famous calligrapher in Xi'an. Mr. An was born in 1933 and is now 92 years old. He was resting when we visited, so we didn't want to disturb him and chatted with his daughter instead.
+
+The An Family Courtyard is a typical Guanzhong-style courtyard house (siheyuan), with the same layout and structure as traditional northern courtyard homes. The house has two courtyards, one in front and one in back. The street-facing gate is painted in black and red with carved wooden eaves. Inside the gate is a carved spirit wall, and to the left is a second gate with delicate brick carvings. The second gate features carvings of flowers, birds, fruits, clouds, and vines. In the center are two pomegranates, which symbolize having many children and much good fortune. The center of the second gate is carved with the four characters 'Gao Zeng Ju Yue,' which means the rules left behind by ancestors. Mr. An's daughter said that in the 1960s, her father covered all the brick carvings with mud and the wood carvings with newspaper to protect them, which is how they survived.
+
+Past the second gate is the main room of the second courtyard and the side rooms (known as xiafang in the Guanzhong region). Because of the intense summer heat, the inner courtyard is narrow and long. This keeps the area shaded during the summer, a key feature of traditional Guanzhong homes. The eaves, lattice windows, and door panels are covered in beautiful wood carvings, giving the courtyard an elegant, quiet, and delicate feel.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4kfviz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h28xt5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g6c8oq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mmj7m0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yxgnta.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/917xkh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zzu4ry.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t1gzih.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/116zup.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u5kdjv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/efzj2h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/64htcr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3nw560.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g6gwv3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c4szia.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yl4p4o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ew2099.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s39klh.jpg)
+
+On this trip to Xi'an, a friend (dost) led me to visit the former site of the Wu Governor's Mansion (Wu Tidufu Dayuan) between Xiaopi Lane and Hongbu Street. The mansion was reportedly a four-courtyard complex consisting of three connected sections, with the front gate on Xiaopi Lane and the back gate on Hongbu Street. The front gate was a tall 'horse-riding gate' (zouma men) that allowed people to ride through on horseback. Unfortunately, due to renovations and demolition after the 1980s, only a few buildings remain at the site. Most are in disrepair, but you can still see the fine wood carvings and drum-shaped stone bases.
+
+Records show the Wu family moved from Shuixi Gate in Nanjing during the Ming Dynasty. They lived in the Xiaopi Lane area for generations and were a prominent family in the Muslim Quarter. The governor, Wu Dajing, was a famous Hui Muslim general during the Qianlong period, and he has a biography in the Draft History of Qing (Qingshigao). Records state that Wu Dajing passed the military examination in 1762 (the 27th year of Qianlong) and became a military jinshi the following year. He was appointed as a third-rank imperial guard and later served as governor in Guangxi, Gansu, and Yunnan, earning many military honors. In the fourth year of the Jiaqing reign, Wu Dajing led his troops to the Yunnan-Myanmar border to put down the rebellion of Seng Tongjin and the Menglian chieftain. He cleared the border area and protected the unity of the motherland.
+
+Wu Dajing was also devoted to his faith and donated money to renovate the Liuzhou Mosque in Guangxi. The 1884 stele recording the renovation of the main hall at Liuzhou Mosque states: There is a mosque inside and outside the city of Liuzhou, said to have been founded during the Ming Dynasty. Early in the Qing Dynasty, Commander Ma Xiong and General Wu Dajing donated funds for repairs. Later years saw further construction, resulting in a grand hall well-suited for namaz.
+
+Among the descendants of the Wu family, the most famous was the Republic-era imam Wu Zhenming, who was the great-grandson of Wu Dajing. Imam Wu Zhenming began his service at the Yingli Mosque in Xiaoxuexi Lane in 1922. He later taught at the Tawan West Mosque in Luoyang, the North Mosque in Xiaopi Yard in Xi'an, the Guangyi Bridge Mosque in Hankou, the mosque outside the city of Jiujiang, the Wenshu Street Mosque in Kaifeng, the Tongxiang Mosque in Luoyang, the Jianguo Lane Mosque in Xi'an, the Yingli Mosque in Xiaoxuexi Lane, and the Dapi Yard Mosque. He had students everywhere, and many of his pupils later became well-known imams.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cmmri0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g73fcd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i5yyr7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qk1qzn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nwvoss.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zdh55e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/glmmu0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cbfv7i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1k5evy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vpnw8i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e3su8h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ednpxf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wld2es.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/komc3r.jpg)
+
+The Li Family Courtyard, located across from the old mosque on Sajin Bridge in Xi'an, preserves the only remaining Qing Dynasty residential brick carving with Arabic calligraphy above the doorway. It is carved in traditional Chinese Arabic calligraphy, and the general meaning is:
+
+**Al-abiat zen**
+
+**Poetry is a form of praise.**
+
+**Al-bab saddoul**
+
+**The gate is a curtain.**
+
+**Al-dar said**
+
+**The house is a form of happiness.**
+
+**Al-qassar mubarak**
+
+**The palace is a blessing.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ucb12k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8jga7s.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xi_an_Ramadan___Mosques__Gongbei_and_Hui_Muslim_Life__Part_1.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xi_an_Ramadan___Mosques__Gongbei_and_Hui_Muslim_Life__Part_1.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac2f129a03599671b8ab30eba83d165105c7262d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xi_an_Ramadan___Mosques__Gongbei_and_Hui_Muslim_Life__Part_1.md
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Xi'an Ramadan - Mosques, Gongbei and Hui Muslim Life (Part 1)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2365"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2365"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:45Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "042103eb66b19e15475f20422108e1f93b1195438fe7c30fe70178cf16b02847"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Xi'an Ramadan - Mosques, Gongbei and Hui Muslim Life (Part 1)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Halal Travel Guide: Xi'an Ramadan - Mosques, Gongbei and Hui Muslim Life (Part 1) is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear, natural English. The account focuses on Xi'an Ramadan, Gongbei, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, photos, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+I have been to Xi'an many times, but this is my first time visiting during Ramadan. I have always heard that the Ramadan atmosphere in Xi'an is special. Many shops adjust their hours to serve pre-dawn meals (suhoor), and the mosques are very lively when it is time to break the fast (iftar). I used the Qingming holiday to experience it for myself.
+
+**April 4th**
+
+We stayed at a guesthouse run by a friend (dosti) on Hongbu Street in the Muslim Quarter, which made getting around very easy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/054f0u.jpg)
+
+At 3:00 a.m., we wandered over to Miaohou Street. Miaohou Street has the most options for pre-dawn meals in the Muslim Quarter. We saw offal soup (zagan tang), spicy soup (hula tang), steamed rice cake (zenggao), crumbled flatbread in soup (paomo), meat pies (rou hezi), and much more.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w04yry.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1rjex3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s6bp9m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tpf165.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kcf81u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bso5sg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/flyns4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aflx0v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qb7whj.jpg)
+
+At 3:20 a.m., we ate crumbled flatbread in soup (paomo) at Yibaolou on Miaohou Street. Yibaolou and Sanyicheng are two of the most popular spots in the Xi'an Muslim Quarter for pre-dawn meals.
+
+It takes twenty minutes to break the flatbread (mo) into pieces. They put the meat in the pot right at the door, and the open kitchen is very clean. Besides meat and glass noodles (fensi), their soaked flatbread (paomo) also includes dried bean curd sticks (fuzhu) and pressed tofu (dougan). During Ramadan, they even give out free fried eggs and pickles. The paomo tastes great overall, but it is a little bit oily. Their chili sauce is salty, so be careful not to add too much or you will get thirsty.
+
+Zainab had the vegetable stew (huicai), which is made by adding greens, tomatoes, and wood ear mushrooms to the meat broth used for paomo. The soup is thicker than a regular vegetable stew.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c21qi0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kclq5s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0n3oi4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/973532.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pfuf21.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pkf1ru.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/igggyg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4b43ol.jpg)
+
+At 5:30 in the morning, the call to prayer (adhan) at the Xiaopiyuan North Mosque was melodic and moving.
+
+The Xiaopiyuan North Mosque was built by imperial order in 1312 (the first year of the Huangqing era of the Yuan Dynasty) and renovated in 1614 (the 42nd year of the Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty). Inside the prayer hall, the brackets (dougong) extend outward and layer inward. The center features a four-cornered, multi-eaved, pointed roof known as the 'Eight Trigrams Hanging Roof' (bagua xuanding). It is built using a connected, interlocking style and is a very precious piece of architectural art.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ohjde0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mfc6vf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b4nf7q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f5diln.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1j1mpu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xnjpjc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6nsl67.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/062vrs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aljubn.jpg)
+
+During the day, the Muslim Quarter (Huifang) belongs to the tourists.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4146zq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fr696p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ssy22d.jpg)
+
+At noon, I went to Hujiagou in Xianyang to visit the grave of Master Hu Dengzhou. Hu Dengzhou (1522–1597) was the founder of the scripture hall education (jingtang jiaoyu) system in Ming Dynasty China. He studied Confucianism and Islamic scripture from a young age. Later, he created a method to teach religious classics in Chinese, which laid the foundation for the integration of Islam and Confucianism (Yi-Ru huitong). Master Hu also combined Islamic scripture education with traditional Chinese private school (sishu) education to start the scripture hall education system. Through the efforts of Master Hu and his students over several generations, scripture hall education spread everywhere. It trained many excellent teachers and developed systems like the Shandong school, the Jinling school, and the Shaanxi school.
+
+After Master Hu passed away (guizhen), he was originally buried by the Wei River. In 1662, the first year of the Kangxi reign, flooding from the river threatened the grave, so it was moved next to the Great Mosque (Qingzhen Dasi) in Weichengli. Weichengli is a fertile area stretching over ten kilometers north of the Wei River, northeast of Xianyang. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was a settlement for Hui Muslims. Three mosques were built there, and the largest one is the Weichengli Great Mosque next to Master Hu's grave.
+
+Two stone tablets stand by Master Hu's grave. One is the 1673 record of the grave relocation written by Ma Si, and the other is the 1718 record of the grave's renovation written by Ma Fengzhu. Both are valuable historical documents about Master Hu.
+
+The Monument for the Relocation of Hu Dengzhou's Grave was written by Ma Si Baba, a junior student of Hu Taishi Baba, after he learned in Wuhan that the master's grave had been moved. Before he died, he asked for the text to be carved onto a stone to keep it safe. The stone is still kept inside the tomb pavilion of Ma Si Baba in Wuhan. The Record of Building the Ancestral Tomb of Hu Taishi was originally placed next to the grave of Hu Taishi Baba. Two elders from Xi'an, Ma Yu and Li Fengming, visited the grave of Ma Si Baba in Wuhan and saw the Monument for the Relocation of Hu Dengzhou's Grave. They translated the meaning of the Arabic text on that monument into Chinese and set up this new stone. Feng Zenglie, a teacher at Northwest University at the time, copied the text in 1956. After hearing that the original stone was destroyed, he organized and published the text in 1981, which caused a great stir in the academic community.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i9ah07.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yhbopu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dohob4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q6ei9a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zhatz1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jdoifz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/44pmr3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jujouw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5sr7yz.jpg)
+
+The couple who guard the grave of Taishi Baba are local believers (dost). They grow all kinds of vegetables in the yard and have even picked some fresh Chinese toon (xiangchun) sprouts that smell wonderful. They also planted some bougainvillea (sanjiaomei) in the vegetable patch, and the purple flowers look very beautiful.
+
+There are over a dozen dairy goats in the yard, including some new lambs and some born last year. This makes it very convenient for people who come to perform a religious sacrifice (niatie). The grass the goats eat is also grown by the couple, who cleared a large piece of land for it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o2q8lu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bmmx1r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n4q3rg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/npdo5o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fgwmfk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1th0eb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g3r4qe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nt1qmy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dl40x6.jpg)
+
+In the afternoon, I returned to the Hui Muslim quarter and waited for the fast-breaking (iftar) at the Dapiyuan Mosque. Dapiyuan Mosque was built in 1411 (the ninth year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty) under the leadership of the famous early Ming imam Ma Daozhen, who spent five years raising funds for it. It was renovated during the Jiajing reign and repaired twice during the Kangxi and Qianlong reigns.
+
+When breaking the fast, people are busy eating snacks like cake, dates (yezao), and tea.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7cj2hf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/24julz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i6otiy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/12fu34.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q6mldd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f2cij0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kdjzzt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nwoebk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ktvsq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f99pgk.jpg)
+
+After the sunset prayer (maghrib), we ate the fast-breaking meal, which included zucchini, cold skin noodles (liangpi), stir-fried meat, steamed eggs, mung bean porridge, and steamed buns (momo). There were many people, and the atmosphere was great.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wogfy1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/byjmi6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/11bc96.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/18dyvb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2q5xsb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/60y5rl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t662g4.jpg)
+
+After the meal, we performed the night prayer (tarawih). The calligraphy and paintings on the kiln-style hall (yaodian) of the mosque are also very old.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ugrp7w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d6063r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/altv8m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dk7wtd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6yklg5.jpg)
+
+After the tarawih prayer, Zainab asked me to have some eight-treasure porridge at Xiao Jia Eight-Treasure Porridge shop near the entrance of the Dapiyuan women's mosque. The shop is hidden in the alley, so most people do not notice it. Besides eight-treasure porridge, they also serve potstickers (guotie) and cold skin noodles (liangpi). The porridge is packed with ingredients, and the environment is quite nice. After finishing the porridge, we had some sour plum drink (suanmeitang) on the street. The freshly brewed sour plum drink (suanmeitang) sold on the streets of the Muslim Quarter is very tart and perfect for quenching thirst during Ramadan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2e1glm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v3tm3n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oeuhp5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/by1yx6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z6mehm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2lcmvt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hivep1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t6ekqf.jpg)
+
+**April 5.**
+
+At 3:30 a.m., we had a lotus leaf bun sandwich (heye bing jiacai) with red bean porridge at Ma's Family restaurant on Miaohou Street in the Muslim Quarter. Many people were buying their pre-dawn meal (suhoor) there. Lots of customers chose the fried pancake sandwich (youbing jiacai), but we found the pancake a bit too oily. We picked the lotus leaf bun instead because it was soft and fluffy, which felt perfect for the pre-dawn meal. There are many types of side dishes. You can add a little bit of everything, including cold dishes, pickled vegetables, and a poached egg. Since the meal is quite nutritious, many friends (dosti) choose to eat here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yj1xj0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/25dn1j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bui4an.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/53bejs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/afzqvc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/klppfr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0t2jej.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4fgblj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ftme8q.jpg)
+
+3:50 a.m. After finishing our lotus leaf bun sandwich, we continued west along Miaohou Street. We bought a cured beef sandwich (la niurou jiamo) at An Zhiliang Cured Beef and Mutton Shop, then went across the street to Jia's Meatball Spicy Soup (rouwan hulatang) shop at the Sajinqiao intersection to have a bowl of meatball spicy soup. The cured beef at An Zhiliang's is quite fragrant, but it is a little salty, so you need to drink plenty of water.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cynkps.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w7lzct.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6l1dft.jpg)
+
+During Ramadan, many meatball and spicy pepper soup (hulatang) shops in the Muslim Quarter sell pre-dawn meals, but the pepper flavor is really strong. Drinking it before starting the fast isn't as comfortable as having rice porridge.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qdh4c4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e3vncv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rbahuv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zeuf4k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nkc2zz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g7yrtq.jpg)
+
+At 5:50 a.m., I prayed the dawn prayer (namaz) at Daxuexi Alley Mosque. Daxuexi Alley Mosque, also known as the West Great Mosque, was rebuilt in 1384 (the 17th year of the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty) by Minister of War Tie Xuan, who was granted the name for the mosque by the emperor. It was renovated in 1413 (the 11th year of the Yongle reign) and again during the Kangxi and Guangxu periods of the Qing Dynasty. The main prayer hall preserves precious Ming and Qing dynasty paintings featuring exquisite calligraphy. This style shares the same roots as the traditional mosque paintings and calligraphy of the Salar people in Xunhua, Qinghai.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/33s96g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fmu725.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ljrlq7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/20mlfr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sz5ba8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/illhiy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pztvu5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iflhc3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3qn8bd.jpg)
+
+At noon, I prayed the Friday prayer (Jumu'ah) at Huajue Alley Great Mosque. Huajue Alley Great Mosque, also known as the East Great Mosque, was renovated many times during the Song and Yuan dynasties. The main hall was rebuilt in 1455 (the 6th year of the Jingtai reign of the Ming Dynasty). It underwent large-scale expansions in the early Jiajing years and again in the 34th year of the Wanli reign. By the Qianlong period, it was reduced from two courtyards to just the southern section, gradually forming the current layout of five deep courtyards.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yw2a1u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5hacv1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k8fbnq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ovh17s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/04a3su.jpg)
+
+The mihrab inside the main prayer hall. In his book Chinese Islamic Architecture, Liu Zhiping says: The rear kiln hall of the main prayer hall is the most beautifully crafted. The walls are entirely paneled with wood, and the golden pillars are used to create door hoods and hanging columns, making the mihrab area look even more magnificent. All the wooden surfaces feature bold and powerful shallow carvings. Because animal patterns are not allowed as decorations inside an Islamic prayer hall, the entire wall is covered in magnificent and sturdy plant and flower designs. These types of patterns are also common on the brick carvings of other mosques. Its magnificent atmosphere has opened up a new direction for decorative patterns in our country. Not using animal decorations limited the carving designs in the mosque, but it also encouraged the development of plant, geometric, and calligraphic patterns, which helped shape the unique style of Islamic architectural design.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/py7ff7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d7auw2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wp1dt7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ceucqy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jdpnyo.jpg)
+
+Inside the main hall, you can see a painting of Mecca (Tianfang tu) that shows images of the two holy sites. The lotus vine patterns surrounding the painting of Mecca all contain Arabic calligraphy, and the lotus pedestal below has a very traditional Chinese style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l1cd4s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n1wvmz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jgy8x9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vawa12.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ozcmyj.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xi_an_Ramadan___Mosques__Gongbei_and_Hui_Muslim_Life__Part_2.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xi_an_Ramadan___Mosques__Gongbei_and_Hui_Muslim_Life__Part_2.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9cbd7d7e37ff49ab31a171fdfcc80adf44c2124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xi_an_Ramadan___Mosques__Gongbei_and_Hui_Muslim_Life__Part_2.md
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Xi'an Ramadan - Mosques, Gongbei and Hui Muslim Life (Part 2)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2364"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2364"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:46Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "9463634267cedded3e29fea8054d180e6fbde07276f02f45bd7fabb631024b4f"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Xi'an Ramadan - Mosques, Gongbei and Hui Muslim Life (Part 2)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Halal Travel Guide: Xi'an Ramadan - Mosques, Gongbei and Hui Muslim Life (Part 2) is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear, natural English. The account focuses on Xi'an Ramadan, Gongbei, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, photos, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fgkknb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ea37cf.jpg)
+
+There are two moon-sighting platforms in the backyard, with the graves of past leaders in between. Imam Ma Qianyi (1874-1949) was a local from Huajue Lane. In 1914, after his formal appointment at the Huajue Lane Great Mosque, he served as an imam at several mosques in Xi'an and Pingliang. In 1918, he taught in turns at the ancient mosque on Sajinqiao and the mosque on Guangji Street. In 1928, he became the first democratically elected Great Imam of Xi'an, ending the previous hereditary system. He also served as the acting head imam of the Huajue Lane Great Mosque, where he taught scripture for seven years and trained many imams. In 1935, Imam Ma went on the Hajj. On his way back, he was invited by the Longshengzhuang Mosque in Feng County, Inner Mongolia, where many of the local Muslims were from Shaanxi. Later, he taught at over ten mosques in Inner Mongolia and Zhangjiakou, training a large number of imams.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4rqhsb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zsgy1f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pnflzu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9gcb1y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l4bshl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uwqgu3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kc7oo4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xf1asm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/knwxd4.jpg)
+
+Glazed tiles are stacked in the backyard. According to the 1526 stele record of the mosque's renovation, the Great Mosque at Huajue Lane received bricks and tiles from the Ming Dynasty Prince of Qin's palace during a major renovation in the early Jiajing era: '...we petitioned the virtuous Prince of Qin, who granted them and provided bricks and tiles to complete the work.' This made the mosque magnificent and brand new. Scholars have confirmed that the peacock-blue glazed tiles at the Huajue Lane Great Mosque match those found at the ruins of the Prince of Qin's glazed tile factory in Tongchuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jd9ljr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0s258a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2jz7fc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lmowuo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/brj3xk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/as8pv0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mwnrlz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/339kyi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gnh9t8.jpg)
+
+Calligraphy art at the Huajue Lane Great Mosque.
+
+During the Tianqi era of the Ming Dynasty, the famous painter and Vice Minister of Rites, Dong Qichang, inscribed the plaque that reads 'Imperial Gifted Mosque'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cgk8cw.jpg)
+
+Empress Dowager Cixi inscribed the plaque reading 'Lineage Extending from the Holy Land' (Pai Yan Tian Fang).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/artti8.jpg)
+
+The couplet from the Guangxu era, 'Spider webs hard to solve, pigeons cooing together, messages sent by warhorses, promises to release the deer,' describes four stories of the Prophet.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mh44t2.jpg)
+
+Tian Zhongyu inscribed the plaque reading 'Encompassing the Universe' (Bao Luo Yu Zhou) during the Daoguang era.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dd1y5x.jpg)
+
+There are also various wood carvings and stone engravings with Arabic script.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9x3npy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/502bus.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s0l0na.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aot6aw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fqchyl.jpg)
+
+After the Friday prayer (Jumu'ah) at the mosque, I took the subway to Guangtaimen in the northeast of Xi'an to visit the Guangdamen gongbei. Guangtaimen was originally the southeast gate of the imperial gardens during the Sui and Tang dynasties. It fell into ruin after the Tang dynasty ended, and the Guangdamen village formed there after the Ming dynasty. Guangdamen village has been demolished, and the area around the gongbei is now a construction site. The roads are very difficult to walk on. I saw the main gate of the gongbei from a distance several times but could not enter because of the walls. After winding through many turns, I finally made it inside.
+
+Guangdamen gongbei is also known as the Lingling Tomb or the tomb garden of the sages Ma Daozhen and Feng Daozu. It is currently managed by the Qadiriyya Yang menhuan. According to the records of the Qadiriyya Yangmen lineage, Khwaja Abdullah brought the Qadiriyya tradition to China during the Kangxi era. He passed it on to Master Ma in Yunnan, who passed it to Master Zhou in Gongchang. Master Zhou then passed it to Master Ma in Xi'an, who later passed it to his nephew. Because the Qadiriyya tradition is passed to the worthy rather than to one's own children, the family changed their surname from Ma to Feng, and he became known as Master Feng.
+
+Inside the gongbei, people refer to Ma Daozhen as the 'San Geta Baba'. However, research in the article 'A Preliminary Study of Ma Daozhen's Family of Islamic Scholars' shows that Ma Daozhen was actually the ancestor of the San Geta Baba. According to the founding stele of the Dapiyuan Mosque, Ma Daozhen was a famous imam in the early Ming Dynasty who was well-versed in Islamic law and known for his excellent character and learning. He once spent five years traveling to different provinces to raise funds for the construction of the Dapiyuan Mosque, making him a key founder of the mosque. After he became the imam of the Dapiyuan Mosque, his family held the position of imam there for generations until the late Republic of China era. Among Ma Daozhen's descendants were three brothers: Ma Shiqi, Ma Shiying (known as the Second Geta Master), and Ma Shixiong (the San Geta Baba). All three were famous Islamic scholars in the early Qing Dynasty and are recorded in the 'Genealogy of Islamic Scholarship'. The Jingxue Xichuan Pu highly praises the character of Sangeta Baba and mentions his Sufi leanings.
+
+Besides the gravestones of Ma Daozhen and Feng Daozu, the gongbei holds two precious stone tablets. One is the Guangda Gate Cemetery Stele from the 24th year of the Qianlong reign, also known as the 64 Neighborhoods Stele. It lists the names of 64 large Hui mosque neighborhoods in the suburbs of Xi'an during the Qianlong period, making it historically significant. According to elders in the Xi'an Muslim quarters, during the Republic of China era, after every Eid, Xi'an Hui Muslims would first visit the grave of Saidianchi Baba at Mijiaya in the east of the city. Then they would go to Guangtaimen to visit the grave of Sangeta Baba, and finally to Hujiagou to visit the grave of Hutashi Baba. This tradition lasted until the 1950s.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/18b6gz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ru57l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7b3n1t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jzrnpm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uj1p61.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v6lwid.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nephla.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/77xjmv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iwet28.jpg)
+
+In the afternoon, we attended the Asr prayer (diguer) at Nancheng Mosque. After the prayer, I met a fellow Beijinger. He is a Hui Muslim from Daxing who came to Xi'an as a soldier when he was young and has since become an elder of the Nancheng Mosque community. The elder of Nancheng Mosque invited us to break our fast there, but we politely declined because the mosque does not have a women's prayer hall.
+
+Nancheng Mosque was built in 1683 (the 22nd year of the Kangxi reign). It was originally built for the Muslim officers and soldiers of the Han Eight Banners stationed in the south of Xi'an and their families. It was the only mosque in Xi'an at the time that was not located in the Hui Muslim quarter. As early as 1645 (the 2nd year of the Shunzhi reign), the Qing dynasty established a Manchu Eight Banners garrison city in the east of Xi'an. After the Qing dynasty settled the Revolt of the Three Feudatories in 1683, they built a garrison city for the Han Eight Banners in the southeast of Xi'an to strengthen military power. It was called the South City (nancheng). In 1780, the 45th year of the Qianlong reign, the South City was abolished. The Han Eight Banners soldiers and their families left the banner system to become civilians and joined the Green Standard Army. The South City Mosque (nancheng si) then officially became a mosque for all Hui Muslims.
+
+During the lockdown of Xi'an in the Tongzhi reign, the South City Mosque played a special role. At that time, Hui Muslims in Xi'an could not leave the city for eighteen years. When they passed away, they were carried to the South City Mosque for burial. People say there was not enough burial shroud cloth (kafan bu) for the funerals, so they had to use paper instead. This led to a folk song: 'Carried to the South City, the rich and poor are buried the same.' Whatever you ate while alive, you are wrapped in paper when you die.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qhb5pn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3upxvw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vad2a0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lz1uwt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gzykc5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vfyxk9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ij417a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/unw0q9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ep4zn6.jpg)
+
+After leaving the South City Mosque, walk north to the Henan Mosque (henan si) on Dongxin Street to visit the Hui Muslim community from Henan. You can find all kinds of halal food from Henan here, and the most famous is barrel chicken (tongzi ji).
+
+The Longhai Railway officially opened to Xi'an in December 1934, making travel between Xi'an and Henan much easier. Many Hui Muslims from Henan began coming to Xi'an to make a living, settling in the New City District on the east side of the city. In 1936, Hui Muslims from Henan rented an empty lot on Dongxin Street and built two rooms facing the street. They named it the New City District Mosque, which later became the Dongxin Street Mosque.
+
+Henan fell in 1937, and the Yellow River levee at Huayuankou broke the following year. Afterward, Henan suffered from continuous droughts and locust plagues. A large number of refugees fled west to Xi'an, including many Hui Muslims. They followed the footsteps of the Hui Muslims from Henan who had arrived earlier, setting up sheds to live in the relatively empty and desolate areas of the New City District at that time. Because the population grew, the Hui Muslims from Henan built the New City District East Mosque on Shangren Road in 1939, which is the current Jianguo Lane Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/80kpew.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oyg2oc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ywlkgz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1dn8lx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fcgl4i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q9pu38.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s9htxh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e3qd1f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t9eb6e.jpg)
+
+In the evening, we broke our fast at the Dongxin Street Mosque. We had barrel chicken (tongziji), braised pork tongue (jiang koutiao), cold mixed vegetables, braised fish chunks, steamed buns (momo), and red bean porridge. Barrel chicken (tongziji) is most famous in Kaifeng, Henan. It gets its name because the hen is cooked in a barrel shape without being gutted. The finished dish is bright yellow and tastes better the more you chew it.
+
+The Dongxin Street Mosque was the first mosque for migrants in Xi'an. After it was built in 1936, it remained active until 1958. It was then turned into the New City District Hui Muslim Cultural Center. A factory occupied it after 1971, and it did not resume religious activities until 1986. It was rebuilt into the current building in 2013, which looks very new and has a great environment. The imam at the mosque now is from Henan, and many of the elders also speak with a Henan accent, which is quite interesting.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v8n8wh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r3yeog.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tvvzf4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oocf75.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dinzvs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fk8wbn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2fvkoe.jpg)
+
+After the Taraweeh prayers, I rode my bike back to the Hui Muslim quarter, bought some mung bean cake (lvdougao) on Miaohou Street, and had a cup of sour plum drink (suanmeitang). I seem to drink sour plum drink (suanmeitang) every time I visit Xi'an; the brewed version has a richer texture and is a bit more tart.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1loati.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mq6qsv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4h9ssv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fyucvp.jpg)
+
+I strolled to the west end of Miaohou Street to have some barbecue at Sun Tao's place. They sell the small beef skewers in orders of at least 20; they are quite chewy, almost like a snack. I also had a bowl of egg milk fermented rice (jidan niunai laozao), which makes for a good pairing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/56dx1m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dzoyef.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0ugu1q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v7g19m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l8tq4w.jpg)
+
+**April 6**
+
+At 3:50 a.m., I had a delicious lotus leaf bun with vegetables (heye bing jia cai) for my pre-dawn meal (suhoor) the day before, so I tried a different shop for it today. This time I ate a five-dragon egg and vegetable sandwich (wulong dancai jiamo) on North Guangji Street, and I also had some meat oil rice (youfan) there. Oil rice (youfan) is a special dish that Hui Muslims in the neighborhood usually make only for Eid (Erde) and the Prophet's Birthday (Shengji). It is a meat porridge made with beef bone broth and minced beef. It is salty, savory, and very festive.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/alwqmq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cfscge.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kxgth7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vmm8nz.jpg)
+
+After finishing the oil rice, we turned into Xiaopi Courtyard to eat steamed buns (baozi) made with traditional sourdough (laomian) at Ashiye's shop. For traditional sourdough (laomian), the dough is prepared a day in advance and left to rise for over ten hours without using yeast powder. Then, the risen dough is mixed with fresh dough to make the texture chewier and whiter. While we were eating the buns, an older man outside found out we were fasting and insisted on paying our bill. We felt so grateful, and it made us feel that the atmosphere in Xi'an is truly wonderful.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hl0r3f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7han9q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z5wf3v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dcpos2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tdjnqk.jpg)
+
+The street view of Xiaopi Courtyard at 4:20 in the morning.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9kw3wn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3e5mb9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9fzdpd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tp0ed1.jpg)
+
+At 5:30 in the morning, we performed namaz at the West Mosque (Qingzhen Xisi) on Sajinqiao. The West Mosque was built in 1926 and belongs to the Ikhwan sect. In 1912, Imam Liu Yuzhen began teaching Ikhwan ideas when he started classes at the ancient Sajinqiao Mosque. In 1920, some local residents influenced by the Ikhwan sect set up a separate prayer space (zhemati) at the home of Ma Mengji in Xinshi Lane, which was the predecessor to the West Mosque. In 1926, over 150 Ikhwan families in Sajinqiao, led by community leaders like Liu Chunzhang, raised money to buy the Haihui Nunnery northwest of the Sajinqiao intersection and rebuilt it into the Sajinqiao West Mosque.
+
+During the Republic of China era, the West Mosque served over a thousand local Hui Muslims. It became a health school in 1958 and later a funeral home for Hui Muslims. It reopened in 1986, the main hall was rebuilt in 1987, and the north and south halls still keep their appearance from a century ago.
+
+The Sajinqiao West Mosque is known for valuing cultural heritage and having an open-minded approach. The mosque often hosts study sessions, martial arts performances, and social events, which attracts more young people and gives it a lively atmosphere.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8m237q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nainwl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/99jpj1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0px0yw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0uk6en.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5m9qdg.jpg)
+
+**Sajinqiao during the day**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lzbrb0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4rbhy4.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xi_an___Beiguangji_Street_Mosque_History_Museum.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xi_an___Beiguangji_Street_Mosque_History_Museum.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a2a27c819b2a47d9e6d8e9e952cd0c9358acd5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xi_an___Beiguangji_Street_Mosque_History_Museum.md
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Xi'an — Beiguangji Street Mosque History Museum"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2479"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2479"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:53Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "b9ba0e6d89aa0a04415b030499a724a32bb5dcb26c3ed9aa035de09fca00a98f"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Xi'an — Beiguangji Street Mosque History Museum
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** The Beiguangji Street Mosque in Xi'an has a history and culture museum that records local Hui Muslim memory, mosque life, and community heritage. This visit keeps the original exhibition details, photos, names, and architectural notes from the Chinese article.
+
+The Beiguangji Street Mosque in Xi'an is said to have been built in the late Ming Dynasty and renovated in the 33rd year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty. Historically, it was a branch (shaoma) of the Huajue Lane Great Mosque, so it is commonly called the Small Mosque.
+
+The current Small Mosque on Guangji Street was rebuilt in stages after 1985. Its minaret (bangkelou) has a hexagonal pointed roof with very fine carvings. It sits right next to North Guangji Street and is the only minaret in Xi'an located behind the main prayer hall. It was listed as a fourth-batch Xi'an cultural relic protection site in 2016.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sny3ds.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8sxgbt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ca86y3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rg2p8j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/12c4u4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oop2uk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6rlklz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r0oiwd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d8jrcs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oi1ixb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xr8cpy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a8h2cj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jplsrf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c2ylw3.jpg)
+
+The Beiguangji Street Mosque History and Culture Museum holds many precious artifacts, thanks to the hard work of Jia Sheshou and the local elders.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/49slfy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6o2532.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p6z9el.jpg)
+
+The original plaque for the mosque gate was written by Song Bolu (1853-1932), a native of Liquan County, Shaanxi. After 1916, he served as the chief editor and director of the Shaanxi Provincial Gazetteer Bureau and led the compilation of the Continued Shaanxi Gazetteer Draft. Before 1923, the Shaanxi Provincial Gazetteer Bureau was located on the west side of the southern end of North Guangji Street, very close to the Beiguangji Street Mosque. Song Bolu was known for his running script (xingshu) and rarely wrote in regular script (kaishu), making this plaque very rare.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8zkq5o.jpg)
+
+The mosque's original minaret had a 'Return to Truth' (guizhen) plaque on the north gate, and the south gate once had a 'Whole' (quanti) plaque, but their whereabouts are unknown today. The plaque is inscribed with 'Auspicious day in the mid-autumn chrysanthemum month' and signed by 'Cabinet official Ma Jinli, the caller to prayer (mingjiao).' A cabinet official was someone who worked in institutions like the Qing Dynasty Cabinet or the Hanlin Academy. Mingjiao is the term used in the Xi'an area for a muezzin (mu'anjin).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1z8px7.jpg)
+
+Glazed ceramic parts replaced during the mosque's 1988 renovation. The use of blue glazed tiles in Xi'an mosques is related to the Ming Dynasty Prince of Qin's Mansion. Similar peacock blue glazed tiles were also unearthed at the site of the Prince of Qin's glazed tile factory in Tongchuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vt8d03.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uswxj5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ttkteb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qaf1kz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/94wc5e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5hofv1.jpg)
+
+Brick carving from the gate of the women's mosque held in the collection. The former site of the Beiguangji Street Women's Mosque was once a charity school. It was bombed by the Japanese army in 1944. In 1949, local Hui Muslims Liu Xiuying, Ma, and Mrs. An initiated its conversion into a women's mosque, making it the first women's mosque in the Xi'an Hui quarter. It was occupied after 1958 and restored in 1984.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/srrm3s.jpg)
+
+The collection includes various architectural parts: brick carvings, wood carvings, glazed tiles, and door stone bases.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o92voi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o42qc5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x03tx4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nkpe7z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k4xtec.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wxh4bh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/09s9vh.jpg)
+
+The collection includes various hand-copied manuscripts, including scriptures and textbooks for traditional mosque education (jingtang jiaoyu). It is an impressive sight that shows the face of traditional Chinese mosque education.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/srr5o5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h3n52z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ia2t0i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ur52ob.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e98jw9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ymsyp6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8e1p1x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/czi6q6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9me72s.jpg)
+
+A wooden clapper (bangzi) from the collection. Beating the clapper during Ramadan is a classic sound in the Xi'an Hui quarter.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3gmwc7.jpg)
+
+A Ming Dynasty 'Wind-Facing Stone' (yingfengshi) on the gable of the main prayer hall. In 1938, the Beiguangji Street Mosque was bombed by the Japanese army, causing dozens of casualties. The Wind-Facing Stone is a surviving witness to this event.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fd1wh3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/39belz.jpg)
+
+The mosque still has many stone carvings, such as the column bases of the main prayer hall and the stone offering table that once held an incense burner in front of the hall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9y1mw9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e1qa1r.jpg)
+
+Exhibition hall: Stars of Mosque Education in Chang'an. The exhibition hall also houses various hand-copied manuscripts for mosque education, as well as the daybed, kang table, and stationery used by the great master Imam Liu Zongyun. Imam Liu Zongyun (1894-1961) was from the Muslim Quarter in Xi'an. In 1936, he taught at mosques in Ankang and Shuhe, Shaanxi. From 1938 to 1958, he taught at the North Guangji Street Mosque and the Sajinqiao Mosque in Xi'an. He trained many religious scholars for the Shaanxi and Gansu regions, which laid a strong foundation for the revival of the faith in the 1980s.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a2cksb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4kzc9g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b5xbz0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pji79o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t6r6yc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a6d49q.jpg)
+
+The exhibition hall displays beautiful wooden scripture boxes and rammed-earth dua niches (dua yi) that were once built into grave pits.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n0k19r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wsx9mv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1c20lk.jpg)
+
+The museum holds traditional woodblocks for printing scripture calligraphy. The final piece is an original drawing from the 1950s by Imam Liu Junlian of Xi'an, which is now part of the collection at the Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jvv4o7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hczo11.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qlps4l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xuwe18.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xiaoquan__Sichuan___Hui_Muslim_Street_and_Old_Town.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xiaoquan__Sichuan___Hui_Muslim_Street_and_Old_Town.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8952e5dd57ee565ad75c6f303b72da5f6e12b083
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xiaoquan__Sichuan___Hui_Muslim_Street_and_Old_Town.md
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Xiaoquan, Sichuan - Hui Muslim Street and Old Town"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2549"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2549"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:00Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "cf5b6fba0223b5535336e30c3a0d6809940bbfa68250cf5a9cc4e6f8d6f3cc14"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Xiaoquan, Sichuan - Hui Muslim Street and Old Town
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Xiaoquan Ancient Town in Sichuan has a Hui Muslim community centered on Banbian Street and Xiaoquan Mosque, with roots traced to early Qing migration and military settlement. This travel account follows the town halal food, Deng family history, mosque architecture, Qing-era inscriptions, and Xiaoquan juice beef.
+
+I took the high-speed train from Songpan, Sichuan, to Mianzhu South Station, then took a 20-minute taxi ride to the ancient town of Xiaoquan. The ancient town is quite quiet, and most shops were closed by eight o'clock. I caught the Dengji Restaurant at the gate of Xiaoquan Mosque just in time to get some braised beef (shao niurou). My altitude sickness from Songpan had completely disappeared by then, so I ate a big bowl of rice with the beef and pickled radishes, and my appetite was huge.
+
+Passing by Dengji Restaurant the next day, I saw many flat geese (ban'e) hanging at their door, which is a specialty of the Hui Muslims in Sichuan.
+
+The Deng family is the earliest Hui Muslim family in Xiaoquan ancient town, arriving during the early Qing Dynasty when people moved from Hubei and Hunan to Sichuan. Legend has it that after the Three Feudatories were suppressed during the Kangxi era of the Qing Dynasty, the Sichuan governor asked the Ministry of War to strengthen the Mianzhu garrison. At that time, Hui Muslims surnamed Deng from Cangzhou, Hebei, led their troops to rest at the Hui camp in Liujiaji, Macheng, Hubei, before moving along the Yangtze River to station in Xiaoquan. This is the earliest origin of the Hui Muslims in Xiaoquan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i64nws.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4pcrz7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t37bev.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f1gvgz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hvcjxn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t7mkyf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mv3292.jpg)
+
+On the morning at Banbian Street in Xiaoquan, Sichuan, the street was full of various marinated meats made by Hui Muslims, including beef tongue, flat goose (ban'e), and beef sausage, which are very popular. I had a bowl of beef steak rice noodles at a place called Qingfangge. It was very spicy and numbing, and they added blanched pea tips on top. Then I had a freshly baked beef bun (niurou baozi) at another shop, and it tasted delicious.
+
+Most Hui Muslims in Xiaoquan came during the Qing Dynasty migration from Hubei and Hunan. The four major surnames are Deng, Ma, Liu, and Huang, along with others like Zhang, Bao, Ding, La, Li, and Sha. Most of the Hui Muslims in Xiaoquan live in the Banbian Street area near the gate of the Xiaoquan Mosque. Although many people later moved to Chengdu, Deyang, and Mianyang, there are still over a hundred households there today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9dedsu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c420mp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9deklw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pm1jwl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n021ay.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2h619n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u36aec.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zuwztl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iehv2r.jpg)
+
+The Xiaoquan Mosque was built during the Kangxi era of the Qing Dynasty next to the Lingu Mosque on Guihua Street, and it was quite small at first. As the number of Hui Muslims grew in the mid-Qing Dynasty, the Deng and Ma families led a fundraising effort in 1840 (the 20th year of the Daoguang reign) to buy the Feng family ancestral hall on Banbian Street. They rebuilt it into the current Xiaoquan Mosque and renovated it again during the Guangxu era, creating the traditional four-sided water courtyard (si shui gui tang) architectural style. The four-sided water courtyard means the four sloping roofs tilt toward the central courtyard, collecting rainwater into the center to create a layout where water from all directions gathers in the bright hall.
+
+The couplet on the main gate was written by Huang Menghui, a local Hui Muslim calligrapher from Xiaoquan. Huang is a retired employee of the Xiaoquan Supply and Marketing Cooperative and is now a committee member of the Xiaoquan Mosque management board. He has loved calligraphy since he was a child and is now a famous Hui Muslim calligrapher in Xiaoquan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0lceit.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vhul5v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mqtiy4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d9xit4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kt9e1g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eik4gx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/megl02.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1y9bss.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i1bk6v.jpg)
+
+The Xiaoquan Mosque was severely damaged during the Wenchuan earthquake, but it was later restored, and the Qing Dynasty wood carvings were preserved.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y9z9o0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qyim1c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s4xob7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kbp9m7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vw619p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yj8p5s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w1blb9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8az8xy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yxi19q.jpg)
+
+There are 15 hand-copied scriptures from the Daoguang era currently preserved at the Xiaoquan Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1w5e0e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aex2jb.jpg)
+
+The Qing Dynasty stone tablets at the Xiaoquan Mosque include one from the 23rd year of the Daoguang reign. It records how a Hui Muslim named Zhang Zongfa honored his parents and, after they passed away, sincerely donated to the Xiaoquan Mosque by buying a vegetable garden, dry land, and building foundations from the Deng family and donating them to the mosque. After Zhang Zongfa passed away, members of the community carved his deeds into stone under the corridor of the mosque to honor his name.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uc8pqt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wezy1x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q6ht8e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fu8ekl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zi4ntt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qdo3mh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/30sndz.jpg)
+
+Before leaving, I bought some specialty juice beef (guozhi niurou) on Banbian Street. Xiaoquan juice beef comes from traditional Sichuan braised beef. During the Republic of China era, a Hui Muslim named Ma Daoyong used a method of frying the beef first and then adding flavor to solve the problem of braised beef molding easily. He created a beef that is juicy and flavorful, which eventually developed into the current Xiaoquan juice beef. When Ma Daoyong first sold juice beef, he used the brand name of his eldest son, Ma Changheng. After the public-private partnership in 1956, Ma Daoyong founded the Xiaoquan Supply and Marketing Cooperative Halal Food Factory. His youngest son, Ma Changmeng, took over in 1977 and became the factory director in 1993. In 1995, the organization arranged for Ma Changmeng to work at a hardware company. He later applied for unpaid leave to start his own food factory and began producing Ma Changmeng Juice Beef.
+
+There are many beef juice shops on Banbian Street now, and after walking around, I saw the prices are all about the same. The clerk at this Ma Changbin shop wears a headscarf, and since there were quite a few customers, I decided to buy from them. It actually tastes a bit like shadow beef (dengying niurou), very fragrant and perfect as a snack when you are out and about.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dzydj0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5u5dqx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p8qe5s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/md8cq1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rc31za.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5tkp0k.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xindu__Sichuan___Hujia_Mosque_and_Hui_Heritage.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xindu__Sichuan___Hujia_Mosque_and_Hui_Heritage.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d457a1eb3bd3773728d45366a0c970541590ef41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Xindu__Sichuan___Hujia_Mosque_and_Hui_Heritage.md
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Xindu, Sichuan - Hujia Mosque and Hui Heritage"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2551"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2551"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:57Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "97ee4b06d842cde1abc566d61c15ab4104077aae09aee33225d60fab92dfcfdd"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Xindu, Sichuan - Hujia Mosque and Hui Heritage
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Hujia Mosque in Xindu District, Chengdu, was first built in 1738 and is tied to Qing-era Hui Muslim migration into Sichuan. The article records the Hu family's military and imam history, the mosque mihrab couplets, and the wider network of Xindu mosques.
+
+Xindu is in the north of Chengdu. It is an important gateway for traveling north from Chengdu along the ancient Shu Road (Jinniu Road). Hui Muslims began moving here from the northwest during the Ming Dynasty, and they built the Luojia Mosque (Luojia Si) in 1417. Between the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, forces including the Southern Ming, Zhang Xianzhong, remnants of Li Zicheng's army, the Qing army, and Wu Sangui fought repeatedly in Sichuan. This caused the population to drop sharply and the land to go to waste for decades. By the Kangxi era, the Qing Dynasty finally controlled Sichuan. They began to restore production and invited people to farm the land, which led many Hui Muslims to settle in Xindu. Between the Kangxi and Guangxu eras, seven mosques were built in Xindu: Majia Mosque, Hunan Mosque, Tangjia Mosque, Hujia Mosque, Qingjing Mosque, Chengyi Mosque, and Zhenyi Mosque. All of these were related to the Qing Dynasty's immigration policies in Sichuan.
+
+Hujia Mosque is located at Hujia Bridge in Xindu and was first built in 1738. According to the Hujia Family Genealogy in Xindu, their ancestors were from Jiuligou in Weinan County, Shaanxi. The Hu family of Xindu was famous during the Qing Dynasty for producing military officers. During the Qianlong era, Hu Chenglin served as a captain (qianzhong) in the Qing army. He died in battle in 1772 while the Qing army was fighting in Jinchuan. His younger brother, Hu Songlin, rose to the rank of regional commander (zongbing). In 1763, he helped build the Nine Mosques of Chengdu.
+
+During the Xianfeng era, Hu Songlin served as a guerrilla commander (youji) in Hunan. He fought against the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom for years, moving from Guangxi and Hunan to Jiangsu. He won many victories while capturing places like Lishui, Jurong, and Zhenjiang in Jiangsu. His son, Hu Kunyuan, joined the army at seventeen to fight the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. He won many battles, capturing Gaochun, Taiping, and Wuhu. He rose to the rank of regional commander (zongbing) and eventually died in battle at Moling Pass. According to the Draft History of Qing, Kunyuan served in the army for eight years and was known for his loyalty and courage. He was good at using a small force to defeat a large one and acted as a commander. He and his father used all the money they earned to support their brave soldiers. Wherever their flags pointed, the enemy was defeated. He received six imperial gold medals and suffered two second-degree wounds and twelve first-degree wounds. He had his neck burned and fingers cut off, and he nearly died many times. After he died, people all over the country mourned him.
+
+In modern times, the Hu family of Xindu is famous for producing imams. Imam Hu Tingzhang was known as one of the Four Great Imams of the Republic of China in Henan. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he taught at the East Mosque in Chengdu. Even while Japanese planes were bombing the city, he insisted on leading the congregation in Friday prayers (Jumu'ah) among the ruins. Later, Imam Hu Tingzhang was hired to teach in many places in Henan, where he trained many students. Imam Wang Jingzhai praised Imam Hu Tingzhang as a mentor for Islamic scripture education in China. Imam Hu Xuelan was the nephew of Imam Hu Tingzhang and served as an imam at the Nine Mosques of Chengdu and the Kangding Mosque. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he worked at the International Radio Station in Chengdu, broadcasting in Arabic to tell the world about China's determination to fight the war. Also, during the Republic of China era, the brothers Hu Boying and Hu Bokai were in charge of teaching at the Gulou Mosque and the North Mosque in Chengdu.
+
+Hujia Mosque is now located in Group 5 of Longhu Village, Xindu District. Inside the main prayer hall, you can find the only mihrab with Chinese couplets. The right side reads, "Ten thousand generations of mountains and rivers belong to one Lord," the left side reads, "The sun and moon shine upon all living things," and the horizontal plaque reads, "The Original One."
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xg7xkr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/69n9g0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4ca3hp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1c5ato.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d05zav.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9zye1w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jz61uo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8lgwwr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vfw9li.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/myxqy8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tfcos6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5axw3j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/55ysbb.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Yancheng__Jiangsu___Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_Food.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Yancheng__Jiangsu___Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_Food.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fc491cf0097063280970821c162a073e0835791a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Yancheng__Jiangsu___Mosque_and_Hui_Muslim_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Yancheng, Jiangsu - Mosque and Hui Muslim Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2509"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2509"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:44Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "180695991b660a7a52a39ce1efaa93ece302ed2b4672734f75d56fd6781c1ecd"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Yancheng, Jiangsu - Mosque and Hui Muslim Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Yancheng Mosque stands on Xicang Lane in central Yancheng, Jiangsu, and this account follows a visit to the mosque and nearby Hui Muslim food spots. It keeps the original notes on local dishes, shop names, street details, and photographs in the same order.
+
+Yancheng Mosque in Jiangsu is located on Xicang Lane (historically called Xicang) in the Yancheng city center. It was first built during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty as three thatched rooms, funded by five Hui Muslim families: the Ha, Huo, Ding, Liu, and Xue families. It was expanded in 1720 (the 59th year of the Kangxi reign) and rebuilt again in the early Republic of China era into the current brick-and-wood main hall.
+
+The Republic of China era 'Continued Yancheng County Annals' records: 'The mosque is on Xicang Street in the city. It was founded during the Ming Yongle period. In the 59th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty, land was purchased to expand it, and it was renamed the Qingzhen Mosque. Recently, it was renamed the Hui Mosque, and the leader is called an imam.' In the second year of the Republic of China, the Yancheng branch of the Jiangsu Islamic Association was established, and in the 18th year, it was renamed the Yancheng branch of the Chinese Islamic Association.
+
+During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Yancheng Mosque suffered two disasters. On March 30, 1938, it was bombed by the Japanese army. On April 26 of the same year, the Japanese army invaded Yancheng and set fire to the city. Except for the main hall, which survived, all other buildings were destroyed.
+
+The main hall of Yancheng Mosque features traditional Jiangsu architectural style, with flying eaves in the front and a kiln-style roof (yaowo) in the back. Inside the main hall, the original wood-carved circular frame containing a dua is still preserved and is very exquisite. According to Imam Xue Longhe from Zhenjiang, the plaque in the main hall uses Arabic, Persian, and Xiao'erjing scripts. It translates to: 'Completed on an auspicious day in the eighth lunar month of the 17th year of the Republic of China, respectfully erected by Abudula Yang Luji.' It is very precious.
+
+The imam of Yancheng Mosque from 1936 to 1979 was Bai Hanzhang. Imam Bai was from Minquan, Henan. He graduated from the Beijing Niujie Islamic Institute in 1922. Later, he served as an imam at mosques in Jurong, Zhenjiang, and Nantong, Jiangsu. He served as the imam of Yancheng Mosque from 1936 until he returned to Allah in 1979.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qqphra.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/twf7fq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cbxukc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7z0vpz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hp29ym.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bzjfpi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/91h7er.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xkylgd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o874j7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zalcvg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0urw21.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hb4hj6.jpg)
+
+There are two local Hui Muslim restaurants in Yancheng, both opened by people with the surname Huo. One specializes in beef, and the other specializes in lamb. Huo is a major surname among Yancheng Hui Muslims. It comes from 'Khwaja,' which is a Persian honorific for a master. Hui Muslims with the surname Huo lived in the Jiangsu region during the Yuan and Ming dynasties. They were distributed in places like Nanjing and Yangzhou, and later a branch moved from Zhenjiang to Yancheng.
+
+The Republic of China era 'Continued Yancheng County Annals' records: 'Hui Muslims living in Yancheng city include the Huo, Ha, Yang, Zhao, Jin, Suo, Di, Wang, Cheng, Li, Mu, and Tong families.' Those living in Wuyou include the Shi and Yang families. Those living in Tainancang include the Jin and Ha families. There are also Huo families living at Hejia Station and Ha families living at Shanyu Chen Village, totaling more than 60 households. Notable figures include Huo Juenian from the Ming Dynasty, who lived to be 100 years old, as seen in previous annals. From the Qing Dynasty, there was the student Ha Fenglou, the government-supported student Huo Zhilin, and Di Yun, also known as Qifeng, who was skilled in calligraphy and seal carving, as seen in the 'Biographies of Famous Seal Carvers'.
+
+At noon, we went to the Huo Er Beef Restaurant and ate stir-fried shredded beef, beef meatballs, beef spring rolls, yellow catfish soup, poached eggs, and sugar-oil dumplings (tangyou jiaozi). Yellow catfish (huangsangyu) is called ang yu in the Jianghuai region, and it is very delicious when stewed in soup. The beef spring rolls are filled with chives and are also very tasty. The sugar-oil dumplings are made with scalded dough and have a flowing sweet filling inside, which the children really liked. I was surprised to see calligraphy works by Mr. Wang Qifei in the shop.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5m344l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6n6p6n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/47m0zi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dniiqj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/99t8yz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ururzk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/viz2lv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sjdanf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6tzm5k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r4ni5r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cnd82h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pb852u.jpg)
+
+Another place is called Huoji Lamb Restaurant, which specializes in all kinds of lamb dishes. We ordered fish with lamb, stewed lamb trotters, stir-fried lamb liver, and stir-fried crown daisy greens. The fish with lamb is a mix of black carp head soup and lamb soup. The savory flavors of the fish and lamb blend together for a very unique taste. The stewed lamb trotters and stir-fried lamb liver are both sweet, which is very typical of Huaiyang cuisine. People from the Northwest might not be used to it, but those who like light flavors will probably love it. The stir-fried crown daisy greens were surprisingly delicious with a very delicate texture. You cannot find crown daisy greens with such thin stems in the North. The restaurant has a nice environment with large windows and good service. We rarely found restaurants in Jiangsu that served tea, but this place did.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wkuf81.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dgxhs2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3hsyt0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zooyj1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wrnsur.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n0se7z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9dh3lz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5iw6zt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hjv3g3.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Yangbi__Dali___Hui_Street_and_Mosques.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Yangbi__Dali___Hui_Street_and_Mosques.md
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+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Yangbi__Dali___Hui_Street_and_Mosques.md
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Yangbi, Dali — Hui Street and Mosques"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2213"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2213"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:58Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "669273547886f5b50219226f1bb2c2b9502f35b6c633f96ea17f1916ab92e4a0"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Yangbi, Dali — Hui Street and Mosques
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Yangbi, Dali — Hui Street and Mosques is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: On January 29, I rode an electric scooter from Xiaguan in Dali to Yangbi County in the west to visit an old mosque and taste local food. The account keeps its focus on Yangbi Dali, Tea Horse Road, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+On January 29, I rode an electric scooter from Xiaguan in Dali to Yangbi County in the west to visit an old mosque and taste local food. The trade route from Dali to Thailand and Myanmar is part of the Southern Silk Road, known at different times as the Shu-Shendu Road and the Tea Horse Road. The old post road from Xiaguan in Dali west through Yangbi to Baoshan is also called the Bonan Ancient Road because it passes through the Bonan Mountains.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uxx9y9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/19tc8e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vo3nvy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qf3lsu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2gk1ar.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/45iwh5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mh93up.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/00unhj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jukemq.jpg)
+
+**Halal food**
+
+On the way from Xiaguan to Yangbi, there is a hot spring village called Shaba. The road is lined with fish restaurants, and their Shaba fish is very famous in Dali.
+
+The restaurant I chose is run by Hui Muslims from Eryuan, Dali. The service is great, and they served dried fruit and tea as soon as I sat down. Shaba fish is actually sour and spicy crucian carp. It is affordable, and two fish are just right for one person.
+
+The crucian carp is caught and prepared fresh. They use dried papaya and plum vinegar for the sour flavor, and add chili for a very rich taste. It comes with tofu and mushrooms, which is very satisfying. If you find it too spicy, you can drink a bottle of local Ruili River mango juice from Yunnan. I was also pleasantly surprised that the two fish the waiter picked for me were full of roe, which tasted very rich and delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xzz3dn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f45301.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vqsezc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xw1uof.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ct9jps.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4g9fee.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bkbten.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/urbu8h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7h7iks.jpg)
+
+I feel the most popular rice noodle roll (juanfen) shop in Yangbi town is Kemeijia on Jinxing Road. You can buy a whole sheet of rice noodle roll to take away, or eat a bowl of warm meat sauce rice noodle roll in the shop. The open kitchen is clean and hygienic, and the taste is great.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/an04qz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t9pbsr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pxzwxf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uo51l2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/si2mdq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4ld7fs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vewzpp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/onzvmn.jpg)
+
+**Yangbi Xiajie**
+
+In 1279 (the 16th year of Zhiyuan), Nasr al-Din, the eldest son of the Yunnan regional commander Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din, moved the military headquarters to Dali and sent tens of thousands of Hui Muslim troops to fight repeatedly against Myanmar. After the war, the Yuan Dynasty left many soldiers to guard various key routes. According to the History of Yuan, in 1303 (the 7th year of Dade), an imperial decree ordered 14,000 Hui Muslim soldiers who had conquered Myanmar to return to their respective garrisons. The location of Yangbi Xiajie was set up as a military post, and elite Tamachi troops were stationed there, which is how Yangbi Xiajie began to form.
+
+In 1382 (the 15th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty), Ma Dinghui, a descendant of the Tamachi troops left in Dali by the Yuan Dynasty, followed the Ming army to fight in Yunnan. He earned many merits and was appointed as the local inspector of the Yangbi Inspection Office, settling in Yangbi Xiajie with his subordinates. Ma Dinghui's descendants were known as the Tusi official family, and together with the officers and soldiers who guarded and farmed in Yangbi at that time, they became the earliest Hui Muslims in Yangbi. In the early Ming Dynasty, the main Hui Muslim surnames in Yangbi were Ma, Sha, Bai, and Yang. In the mid-Ming period, the Long, Wu, Wang, Du, and Mi surnames were added, and by the mid-Qing Dynasty, there were more than 800 households.
+
+During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Yangbi Xiajie was a narrow ancient road nearly one kilometer long. Along the street were various horse inns, hotels, and shops selling halal snacks and local specialties, with a constant stream of horse caravans and mountain people selling mountain goods. At that time, almost every Hui Muslim household in Yangbi raised horses and carried out long-distance transport under the leadership of a caravan leader (maguotou).
+
+During the Tongzhi disaster, most of the Hui Muslims in Yangbi were killed, and only a very small number escaped. In 1877 (the 3rd year of Guangxu), the Qing government encouraged the displaced Hui Muslims to return and resume their businesses. Eight households of survivors moved back to live in Xiajie. After that, more Hui Muslims came to Xiajie to do business and settle down, and by the Republic of China period, the number had increased to 70 or 80 households. In 1931, Edgar Snow traveled with a horse caravan to Yangbi Xiajie. In his article 'Caravan Leaves Dali for Yongping, China,' published in the American newspaper The Sun on August 15, 1931, he described Yangbi Xiajie as a 'Muslim-inhabited town'.
+
+In the late Republic of China period, the Hui Muslim horse caravans in Yangbi Xiajie developed again. With less than 100 households, they raised more than 400 horses. Most of the young men had experience traveling to Myanmar and India for trade, and some even started families abroad.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lv5imi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3i7ni8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d0ia4u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/weo1v3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mrwphy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tomfq8.jpg)
+
+In 1938, the Burma Road opened to traffic, and villagers began to build houses on both sides of the road, gradually forming the current layout of Xiajie Village. As the Burma Road became the main transport route, the Bonan Ancient Road gradually faded into history, and the shops along the road closed one after another.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5b8w7r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8yd905.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pm3ncd.jpg)
+
+**Old mosque**
+
+The Yangbi old mosque is located next to the old Burma Road in Xiajie Village. When the main beam of the hall was replaced in 1958, an inscription from the 15th year of Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty was found on the beam. According to the oral history passed down through generations in Xiajie, after the Hui Muslim officers and soldiers left in the early Ming Dynasty camped in Yangbi, they went to the river to bathe and purify themselves. Each person carried a stone on their shoulder to gradually build the foundation of the main hall. At first, they just built simple flat-roofed houses. Later, they hired craftsmen and spent many years building the current main hall with its three-bay and five-grid structure. Today, the stone foundation of the main hall is uneven, and it does not perfectly align with the thickness of the walls, which matches the legends about the mosque's construction.
+
+The old mosque was once magnificent. From east to west, it featured a gate in the style of a memorial archway, a screen wall, a three-story prayer tower (jiaobailou), a second gate, a stone archway, a stone bridge, north and south side rooms, and the main hall, making for a spectacular sight. During the Tongzhi disaster, the mosque was burned and destroyed. It was later turned into a Confucian mosque. The gate and prayer tower were taken down to build Zhulin Mosque, and other buildings were ruined, leaving only the main hall standing.
+
+The main hall is 15 meters high. Inside, there are eight 12-meter-tall pillars made of lotus wood and camphor wood, which have lasted a long time because they were soaked in lime water. The walls of the main hall were originally decorated with calligraphy of scriptures written in black ink. When it became a Confucian temple, they were covered with lime and painted red, but now they have been restored and repainted. The ceiling is made of 144 panels, all featuring scripture calligraphy written with a gold pen. Windows were opened on all four sides below the beams, allowing air to circulate and sunlight to fill the hall.
+
+In 1917, the old mosque was turned into a primary school. In 1937, a bridge construction team moved into the mosque to rush repairs on the Yunnan-Burma Road. During the chaos of war, the main hall's sandalwood lattice doors with double-sided carvings of flowers, the marble railings by the pond, and the stone archway were all stolen and sold in Weishan County. The ceiling of the main hall was used as firewood, and a large amount of the wooden structure was burned.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r7vmir.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d5bsgc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jcs8ak.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/36t7dw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0skdrp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/02n9jj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aecbal.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rof9c5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2l7i5y.jpg)
+
+In 1950, the mosque was verbally returned. That May, under the guidance of the Hui Muslim Association and the Mosque Property Committee, over ten young men and women from the village set up a weaving factory in the main hall. In August of the same year, they held a grand Christmas celebration inside the mosque. But just two months later, in October 1950, the County Grain Bureau borrowed the mosque to use as a warehouse. Later, it was reported as state-owned property, and the land in front of the main hall was occupied by a veterinary station and a foreign trade company. In 1977, the Grain Bureau tore down the roof ridge of the main hall and sawed off the four corners of the eaves. It was not until 1994, after years of effort, that Yangbi County finally handed the mosque over to the mosque management committee, and it was reopened after repairs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yu2f85.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ez1l0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4eitz3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sq3j56.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0f9zxp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aq5eyn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yau3u3.jpg)
+
+There is a plaque reading 'Bao Luo Wan You' (All-Encompassing) inscribed by acting Yangbi County Magistrate Yang Wenmei during Christmas in 1943, and a plaque reading 'Xing Jiao Jian Guo' (Revive Religion and Build the Nation) inscribed by Bai Chongxi in 1941.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wg0j98.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/605x1p.jpg)
+
+**Shangxiang Mosque**
+
+Yangbi Shangxiang Mosque is located in the center of Xiajie Village and was first built in 1921. After the Tongzhi disaster, the old Yangbi mosque was turned into a Confucian mosque, and religious life in Xiajie Village died out. It was not until the early years of the Guangxu reign that Ma Yuzhang, who had fled to Shaanxi to study, returned to Xiajie and began teaching scriptures in a private home. Later, Ma Long was elected as the imam. He traveled to Menghua Prefecture (Weishan) to negotiate and successfully redeemed 30 mu of mosque property land.
+
+In 1915, the Yangbi Halal Association was established. The president, Du Fachun, was from Dali. After the Tongzhi disaster, he fled with his family to Xiajie in Yangbi, started a small business, and eventually expanded his shops to places like Baoshan and Yangon, Myanmar. His residence in Xiajie, Yangbi, also served as a place for local believers to pray and recite scriptures. To build a new mosque, the elders of Xiajie Village sent Du Fachun and his group out in 1919 to raise funds. Du Fachun and his group followed a horse caravan all the way to Yangon, Myanmar. More than 30 overseas Chinese from Yangbi who were working there generously donated over 1,000 small silver coins (British pounds). In 1921, through everyone's joint efforts, they obtained the sloping land at Sangyuan. After digging and filling to level the ground, they finally built Shangxiang Mosque.
+
+After the old mosque reopened in 1994, Shangxiang Mosque gradually fell into disuse. The prayer schedule (wushibiao) in the main hall was updated until 2001.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lpj563.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hf4o8a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t6kmll.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tydekf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e8nk7q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/imnnb7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p9bhrp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nl4aau.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/teldij.jpg)
+
+**Yangbi Shangjie**
+
+Yangbi Shangjie is on the west side of Xiajie, separated by the Xueshan River. During the Hongzhi reign of the Ming Dynasty (1488-1505), the Yunlong Bridge was built in Shangjie, and the ancient Bonan Road was diverted through Shangjie, leading to its rapid development. Today, Shangjie preserves its complete ancient road and street-side shops. In 2022, it was named a provincial-level historical and cultural district.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cgezm6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g9fuj0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5xdvmy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qx4z0n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i5id0j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1rjo8d.jpg)
+
+**Shangjie Mosque**
+
+The Shangjie Xinyingpan Mosque in Yangbi was first built in 1859 (the ninth year of the Xianfeng reign). It was confiscated after the disasters of the Tongzhi reign. During the Guangxu reign, the local community leaders elected Imam Ma Ende, along with managers Li Xiucheng and Zhang Chenlin, to travel to Menghua Prefecture (Weishan) to redeem the mosque. To raise funds for the mosque, Ma Ende followed a horse caravan all the way to Myanmar. With the help of overseas compatriots like Haji Zhao Lianhong, he collected enough donations to rebuild the Shangjie Mosque. In 1989, a neighbor's careless use of electricity caused a fire. The entire Shangjie Mosque burned down, except for 16 carved lattice doors that were rescued in time. Between 1991 and 1992, the Shangjie Mosque community hired craftsmen from Weishan and bought timber from the Dali forest region to rebuild the main hall, maintaining the traditional Dali architectural style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o8nsnn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kmm0sy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x4ll45.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/24sv48.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/59qx9t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d9kq5t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5rmkel.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gixovl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wrqqgn.jpg)
+
+Spring travels in 2023:
+
+On January 23, I set off from Macau and visited the Macau mosque, Moro Garden (Moro Yuan), where I ate delicious Indonesian Javanese food (see "Moro Garden and Indonesian Food in Macau"). On January 25, I arrived in Guangzhou, visited some friends (dosti), and ate various halal foods (see "Hui Muslim Fried Dough (youxiang) and Yemeni Food in Guangzhou").
+
+At noon, I performed the afternoon prayer (asr) at Huaisheng Mosque, then went to visit the ancient tombs of the sages (see "Huaisheng Mosque and the Ancient Tombs of the Sages in Guangzhou").
+
+In the afternoon, I performed the late afternoon prayer (asr) at Haopan Mosque and the sunset prayer (maghrib) at Xiaodongying Mosque (see "Visiting Haopan Mosque and Xiaodongying Mosque in Guangzhou").
+
+On the morning of January 26, I took a train from Guangzhou to Zhaoqing, visited two mosques, and ate halal Cantonese food (see "Halal Roast Goose and Starfruit at the Mosque in Zhaoqing, Guangdong").
+
+On the morning of January 27, I flew from Guangzhou to Xichang, Sichuan. I performed the Friday prayer (jumuah) at the Xichang City Mosque, visited the West Mosque and East Mosque, and ate Xichang rice noodles (see "Performing Jumuah and Eating Rice Noodles in Xichang, Sichuan").
+
+On January 28, I took a high-speed train south to Miyi County in Panzhihua, Sichuan. I visited the beautiful Hui Muslim village of Tianba, performed the afternoon prayer (asr) at the ancient Tianba Mosque, and ate delicious food at a local farmhouse restaurant (see "A Beautiful Hui Village Deep in the Mountains—Tianba, Miyi, Sichuan").
+
+From January 28 to 31, I traveled in Dali. During this time, I carefully explored the Hui mosque neighborhoods around Wenming Street and West Street in Xiaguan to learn about the history of the Xiaguan mosques (see "Centennial Mosques and Halal Food in Xiaguan, Dali").
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Yangon___Hui_Muslim_Food__Mosques_and_Panthay_History.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Yangon___Hui_Muslim_Food__Mosques_and_Panthay_History.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..304e2adea98fff8078719ddfc963d3bf3888af1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Yangon___Hui_Muslim_Food__Mosques_and_Panthay_History.md
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Yangon - Hui Muslim Food, Mosques and Panthay History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2593"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2593"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:03Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "8a6952a1d0d319b3e3c0cbd2dec1d4e8a7cedac5495cc9e48b7f2ebab501cb51"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Yangon - Hui Muslim Food, Mosques and Panthay History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Yangon has a small but important Yunnan Hui Muslim story linked to Panthay traders, the Yangon Hui Mosque, and Hui restaurants along Daw Thein Tin Street. This travel account follows the mosques, restaurants, family histories, and dishes the source recorded in Myanmar.
+
+During my trip to Yangon, Myanmar, over the October holiday, one word kept coming up: Panthay. Whenever a fellow Muslim (dosti) at the mosque learned I was Chinese, their first reaction was to say 'Panthay'. This made the word 'Panthay,' which I had only seen in articles before, feel real for the first time.
+
+In fact, 'Panthay' is what the Burmese have called Hui Muslims from Yunnan since the 19th century, a term said to come from the Persian word 'Parsi'. During the Jiaqing and Daoguang reigns of the Qing Dynasty, trade routes opened from inland China through Kunming and Dali in Yunnan to Mandalay and Yangon in Myanmar, leading to India and Arabia. Many Hui Muslim caravan traders from Yunnan began traveling south to Myanmar for business. The famous Yunnan Islamic scholar Imam Ma Dexin recorded in his 'Travels to the Hajj' that he followed a caravan from Dali, Yunnan, through Menghai to Yangon in 1841 to catch a ship for the Hajj. This helped spread Islamic culture in the southwest.
+
+In the 19th century, Hui Muslims from Yunnan in Myanmar mainly lived in the capital at the time, Mandalay. In 1868, the King of the Konbaung Dynasty, Mindon, personally granted land to the Yunnan Hui Muslims to build the first Mandalay Hui mosque and a caravan courtyard. After the Konbaung Dynasty fell in 1885, Yangon became the only capital of Myanmar, and many Yunnan Hui Muslims moved there to do business. Yunnan Hui Muslims in Yangon ran jewelry stores, shops, and hotels, while using caravans to transport European cotton cloth back to Yunnan.
+
+The Yangon Hui Mosque is located in the northern part of the old city. Its full name is the 'Yangon Myanmar-Chinese Hui Mosque,' built in 1963, and it is one of several Yunnan Hui mosques in Myanmar. Currently, the congregation at the Yangon Hui Mosque is mostly of Indian descent, with few Yunnan Hui Muslims, but I still met some elderly Yunnan Hui Muslims there who spoke great Mandarin and were very welcoming.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ennvmn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/af3535.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/of53j2.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dd5d69.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vn0dc4.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wal0bi.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jq85mz.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7eeci5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2xyh3a.jpg)
+
+Not far north of the Yangon Hui Mosque is Daw Thein Tin Street, a famous Hui Muslim food street in Yangon where most of the Hui restaurants are located. There are also several restaurants run by Indian and Burmese-speaking Muslims (dosti) on this street, and we ate here every day while in Yangon.
+
+On our first night in Yangon, we ate roast duck, Mandalay-style sweet and sour fish, and mixed vegetables at the Mandalay Restaurant (Wacheng Canting) on that street. The restaurant owner's ancestral home was Weishan in Dali, Yunnan, before his family moved to Mandalay (Wacheng) and then to Yangon. The owner's family all spoke excellent Mandarin and were very enthusiastic about recommending dishes to us.
+
+Roast duck is a local Hui specialty here. You can order a quarter of a duck, and the texture is very similar to the lean ducks I eat in Yunnan. The Mandalay-style sweet and sour fish is fried first and then drizzled with sauce; it has no bones and goes perfectly with rice, and the mixed vegetables were light and delicious. They use long-grain fragrant rice here, but cooked in the Chinese style, which is very tasty. You don't need to order rice separately; a server comes to every table to ask if you need more, so you can add as you go without wasting any.
+
+Mandalay (Wacheng) is Myanmar's second-largest city. During the Qing Dynasty, it was the center for Yunnan caravans heading south. Many Hui Muslim caravans from Weishan, Dali, went to Mandalay for business, and some settled there permanently. After the end of the 19th century, Yangon developed rapidly, and more Yunnan Hui Muslims moved from Mandalay to settle in Yangon.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jh73bu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0bx7zz.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/py8g9q.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cpride.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/in51eb.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ovejgl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5abp50.jpg)
+
+**The service in Yangon's restaurants is excellent.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g5zobx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xizc6l.jpg)
+
+On the second night, we went back to the Hui Muslim street in Yangon for Yunnan-style Hui food. We ate at Elegant Restaurant, where we had dried beef (niuganba), beef noodles, crown daisy with mushrooms, and chive pan-fried dumplings (jianjiao). Because Yangon has a large Indian population, many restaurants do not sell beef. You have to come to the Hui Muslim street for authentic beef dishes.
+
+The owner is a third-generation Yunnan Hui Muslim immigrant in Myanmar, and he speaks excellent Mandarin. I asked the owner, and he said many Hui Muslims here attend Chinese schools from a young age, so they all speak the national language.
+
+The owner cooks great Yunnan Hui food. His dried beef is especially delicious; it is chewy but not too hard, and it has no strange aftertaste. The skin of the pan-fried dumplings is thin and crispy, and the chive filling is very fragrant. It is a pity the beef noodles used dried noodles, but the beef was stewed perfectly. The soup was sour and spicy, which is perfect for a rainy day. They serve pickles before the main dishes, which is also very typical of Yunnan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dt2ipu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4rkbj7.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f0u2sz.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v1apet.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/og84qq.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/osnsn3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1x5srr.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qqywy6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8795bb.jpg)
+
+We had breakfast at the Hui Muslim street in Yangon. At Golden Star Noodle Shop, we had chickpea porridge (xidoufen) and beef stew rice noodles (niupahu mixian). The beef broth was very fresh and flavorful, and the chickpea porridge was very authentic. As a younger generation Myanmar Hui Muslim, the owner still speaks great Mandarin. He said he still has relatives in Yunnan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ro0288.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/108psp.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qfdc48.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/prtfi9.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u35btq.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j1diz2.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pd6su6.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pdp02w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9n4w8h.jpg)
+
+On the morning of our last day, we went to a Hui Muslim restaurant called Kyaing Tong Restaurant, which is not located on the Hui Muslim street, for breakfast. The owner is from Shadian, Yunnan. We met her younger brother at the shop; he was originally in Mae Sai, Thailand, and had flown to Yangon from Malaysia to visit his sister.
+
+They open at seven in the morning and serve full meals, though most people just come to buy steamed buns (baozi). This is the only Hui Muslim restaurant I saw in Yangon with a Chinese menu. They can make various dishes from Yunnan, Myanmar, and Thailand. We ordered chicken steamed buns, Hui-style fried noodles, and mixed vegetable soup. The steamed buns were very soft. To attract Hindu customers, they do not use beef fillings, only chicken. The fried noodles were very fragrant and topped with sweet-style braised chicken wings. The mixed vegetable soup was very hearty and felt great to drink in the morning.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/khg50v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ewh231.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/95o6jn.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jqq4ad.png)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ia5vgj.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4lvpos.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/59iex0.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fnbl7p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/un9h5j.jpg)
+
+There were a few other Hui Muslim restaurants that were not open when I arrived, which was a real shame.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kd0ox5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9a7dc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ibp8lg.jpg)
+
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Yuxi_Najia_Ying___Hui_Muslims__Mosques_and_Yunnan_Travel.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Yuxi_Najia_Ying___Hui_Muslims__Mosques_and_Yunnan_Travel.md
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+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide__Yuxi_Najia_Ying___Hui_Muslims__Mosques_and_Yunnan_Travel.md
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide: Yuxi Najia Ying — Hui Muslims, Mosques and Yunnan Travel"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1952"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1952"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:14Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "92b591de6be918b6525054b402ea2c68c0225e168ab85c432a92355c9e7181e8"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide: Yuxi Najia Ying — Hui Muslims, Mosques and Yunnan Travel
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Yuxi Najia Ying — Hui Muslims, Mosques and Yunnan Travel is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Author: Zainab. The account keeps its focus on Yuxi Travel, Hui Muslims, Yunnan Mosques while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+Author: Zainab
+
+On October 4, I traveled 23 kilometers east from Da Hui Village in Tonghai, Yuxi, to reach the famous Najiaying. The Na family of Najiaying are descendants of Nasr al-Din, the eldest son of the famous Yuan Dynasty official Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din. Nasr al-Din served as the administrator of Yunnan Province and continued his father's work in governing the region. After the Ming Dynasty was established, Nasr al-Din's descendant, Na Shulu, moved around for a while before settling on the north shore of Qilu Lake in central Yunnan in 1370, where he founded Najiaying.
+
+That evening, I ate dry-pot beef at Zhiweiyuan Restaurant on Zhong'ai Street, the main road in Najiaying. It came in a huge copper pot filled with mint and arrowhead (cigu). I also had some lighter dishes: a mix of green beans and corn (liangmu di) and stir-fried cabbage with tofu.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/529i6w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yxcnfx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iwj3js.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mhmy71.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rgt5c9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7dw1sd.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t2jxw8.jpg)
+
+On October 5, I had breakfast in Najiaying, Yuxi, eating potato pancakes (yangyu baba) and beef rice rolls (niurou juanfen).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9pker5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8vidd4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0sm21q.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qa0xl4.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/imd5xv.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6pzu52.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k2vm66.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ipause.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wqtlal.jpg)
+
+At the Najiaying market, I ate buckwheat cake (qiaogao), which was delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/39p6do.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w00krg.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yrj4jc.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3voz12.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cd97iq.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ltxxhq.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8w8ugv.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9edn8b.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ah4wps.jpg)
+
+I visited the former residence of Na Xun, the famous Arabic translator who translated One Thousand and One Nights. The house is still occupied by Na Xun's grandnephew, an elderly man named Na Zhaoxiang. He warmly invited us in for tea and told us stories about Na Xun.
+
+Na Xun's great-uncle, Na Fengchun, held a high-ranking position as a third-rank official, but his grandfather and father were both farmers.
+
+Na Xun was born in 1911 and began attending the primary school inside the Najiaying mosque at age seven. The school used a modern curriculum that taught both Chinese and Arabic. They hired a teacher named Qian for Chinese and a teacher named Dai for math, while the Arabic classes were taught by Imam Ma Defu from the Najiaying mosque. Imam Ma Defu was an early student of the Yunnan Islamic scholar Ma Lianyuan and had a very strong foundation in religious studies.
+
+Na Xun's home was just a few dozen steps south of the mosque. Every day when the adhan (bangke) sounded, he would get up and get ready. By the time his father returned from namaz, Na Xun was already prepared to go to school to review his lessons. According to Na Xun's cousin Na Guangxian, Na Xun never missed a class or arrived late, and he always ranked at the top of his exams.
+
+In 1921, after Na Xun finished third grade, his cousin Na Guangwen returned from studying in Kunming. Seeing how bright Na Xun was, he asked Na Xun's father for permission to take him to Kunming for further education. His father agreed, and Na Xun left home to pursue his studies.
+
+In 1926, bandits caused trouble in Najiaying. When the Yunnan provincial government troops came to suppress them, they burned down Najiaying, and Na Xun's home was reduced to ashes. Because Na Xun's eldest brother, Na Guangcheng, had been working in trade (zou yifang) and running a horse inn by the Lancang River in Simao, he had some savings, which allowed the family to rebuild their home on the original site.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wpecu9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1ev7bl.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z6pq1w.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qtyspv.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jga49x.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/43dzg3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5esknp.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9bwgwx.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5tku5w.jpg)
+
+I continued on to visit the former residence of Professor Na Zhong, an expert in Arabic education and a leading figure in Arabic culture. Na Zhong wrote A General History of the Arabs and compiled the first Arabic language textbook for Chinese universities. The property is now rented out by Na Zhong's descendants.
+
+Na Zhong's grandfather, Na Hai, had been a soldier for several years. He was not only skilled in martial arts but also a master of masonry, metalwork, and carpentry. While working in Kunming, he fell in love with a young lady named Cai. Miss Cai came from a prominent military family in Kunming, but she chose this poor young man who had no house and no money. To get married as soon as possible, Na Hai returned to his hometown of Najiaying and spent six months building his own house. The house was a traditional two-story Yunnan dwelling with three main rooms and four side rooms. It was built very neatly with exquisite wooden doors and windows. The pillars of the outer courtyard gate were carved from solid bluestone, featuring patterns of dragons playing with a pearl, magpies in plum blossoms, qilin and eagles, and golden bulls and horses. Na Hai and Miss Cai were married there and had their first son, Na Dechang.
+
+In 1856, the Bingchen Incident occurred in Yunnan. Najiaying appointed Na Hai, Na Fengchun, and Na Taishou as representatives to negotiate with the Han scholar Gongsun Shuo from Dongxiang, reaching a mutual protection agreement between Hui Muslims and Han people in Hedong. In 1857, the mutual protection agreement in Hexi was broken by a local tyrant named Zhan Zhanchun, who gathered soldiers to attack the Great and Small Donggou (now known as Da Hui Village and Xiao Hui Village). Na Hai ignored the advice of his friends and family and went to try to stop the fighting, but he was killed by the enemy. After that, Miss Cai, who was seven months pregnant, took her eldest son Na Dechang back to her parents' home in Kunming. Shortly after, she gave birth to a posthumous child, Na Zhong's father, Na Degui. After the birth, Miss Cai suffered from illness and passed away shortly after.
+
+After Miss Cai died, Na Hai's first wife, He, brought the brothers Na Dechang and Na Degui back to Najiaying to raise them. When Na Degui was 13, He became too ill to work, so she asked a relative to take Na Degui to Kunming to find work. Na Degui worked at a fur shop on Zhuji Street in Kunming. He was an apprentice for eight years, receiving only food and lodging with no wages. After finishing his apprenticeship, Na Degui married He Yufeng, the niece of his foster mother He, and they returned to Kunming to work after the wedding. In 1909, He Yufeng gave birth to Na Shou'en, who would later be known as Na Zhong.
+
+When Na Zhong was one year old, his cousins saw that He Yufeng was struggling, so they carried Na Zhong and his family to Kunming to join Na Degui. That was how Na Zhong left Najiaying and began his life in Kunming. After that, Na Zhong rarely returned to his hometown, except for a two-month stay in 1940 to escape air raids in Kunming after he graduated from Al-Azhar University in Egypt.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wuhdh2.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/948vj7.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xmuyh8.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8w2etv.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c2p6jk.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uz6m0w.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q2y7kv.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ir8l7i.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xn1fpc.jpg)
+
+There is a water well at the entrance of Najiaying Mosque. It is said to have been built by Nasuluding, the great-grandson of the King of Xianyang, Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din, after he settled in Najiaying in the early Ming Dynasty. The wall of the well platform is carved with a dragon head, and the well water flows out from the dragon's mouth. People wash vegetables in the upper pool under the dragon's mouth, wash clothes in the lower pool, and finally, the water flows south to irrigate the farmland.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j895om.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0dfe1v.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pisf9r.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fv8427.jpg)
+
+I bought a Nagu knife for cutting meat, and when I tried it at home, it was really sharp! It cuts through in one go without needing a second stroke. Historically, Najiaying and Gucheng were most famous for horse caravan transport, hunting rifle making, and knife making, but these trades declined as times changed. After the 1980s, Nagu Town began to vigorously develop the Nagu knife industry, and now there are many shops.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zb9sa6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xkgwie.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jcv9zu.jpg)
+
+Also, on Zhenxing Road, there is a shop making traditional copperware, including copper pots and copper ladles. If you are interested, you can buy one to take home for a copper ladle hot pot.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9nj6za.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lyoe35.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l2psy5.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/capzlm.jpg)
+
+To the north of Najiaying is Gucheng Village. The Xinzhai Mosque in the village was built by Ma Xuecheng, a disciple of Ma Mingxin, the founder of the Jahriyya menhuan. Ma Xuecheng was known as 'Yunnan Ma,' and followers of his sect respectfully called him the Third Master of Gucheng or Imam Ma Sanye. Ma Xuecheng was a local from Gucheng Village. He once went to study under Ma Mingxin, and the two were as close as father and son. After returning to Yunnan, Ma Xuecheng operated mining businesses, became a wealthy merchant, and was the first to spread the Jahriyya sect in Yunnan. In 1781, when Ma Mingxin's eldest son, Ma Shunqing, was exiled to Talang, Yunnan, Ma Xuecheng did his best to rescue and assist him, allowing the Jahriyya sect to continue developing in Yunnan.
+
+It is a great pity that the mosque is currently being renovated. The courtyard layout is gone, the north and south wing rooms have been demolished, and only the main hall remains as the original building. When we went, the main hall was locked. We saw no one in the mosque except for workers, so we could not enter. It was a great regret not to see the Jahriyya-style Arabic calligraphy mihrab inside.
+
+The main hall has a double-eave hanging mountain roof, with beautiful painted wood carvings on the brackets and beams, and openwork carvings between the eave pillars.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/91z1my.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0aui2p.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vclty6.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4fiaya.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3u2kxg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h7bzj8.jpg)
+
+This last indoor photo was taken by a fellow Muslim (dost) a while ago. The bluestone under the mihrab was transported from Mojiang and has a history of over a hundred years.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2b28ix.jpg)
+
+At noon, we ate at Jingshanzhai in Najiaying, having herb sour soup chicken, goat milk cheese (yangrubing), stir-fried pumpkin seedlings, stir-fried celery with lily bulbs, and oil-drizzled beef jerky (niuganba). The restaurant has a nice, antique atmosphere.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/klyky0.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/67nqff.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n0e0o9.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uwe21s.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c1coqq.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/has9ry.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/40oyt9.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kvymqc.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gmf9q5.jpg)
+
+The decor at Jingshanzhai.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xjbonk.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5cou47.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eksads.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1irj9s.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rb1sk4.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4sshce.jpg)
+
+I bought a flatbread (balada) at the entrance of Najiaying Mosque, took it to Qilu Lake Xiaohai Park next to Najiaying, and bought a cup of papaya water at the entrance. Although the park is not big, the environment is very good, and there is a boardwalk by the lake, which is very pleasant for relaxing and catching a breeze.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t07hdy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/79ytrn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zllwr1.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4w3vp9.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/roq97w.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/36hjxx.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Halal_Travel_Guide_to_Zhaotong__Yunnan__Six_Traditional_Mosques.md b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide_to_Zhaotong__Yunnan__Six_Traditional_Mosques.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15fd45517a2d790b06bcfced0bca5e1579500e9c
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+++ b/content/Halal_Travel_Guide_to_Zhaotong__Yunnan__Six_Traditional_Mosques.md
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+---
+title: "Halal Travel Guide to Zhaotong, Yunnan: Six Traditional Mosques"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1840"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1840"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:52Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "2bf71b7410896946006157c692227b32a5a75d2c6894480c31fecf369f3bd166"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Halal Travel Guide to Zhaotong, Yunnan: Six Traditional Mosques
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Halal Travel Guide to Zhaotong, Yunnan: Six Traditional Mosques. During my marriage leave in August 2020, Zainab and I went to Zhaotong to travel, and Sister Azi took us to visit Zhaotong's beautiful traditional mosques. It is useful for readers interested in Yunnan Mosques, Hui Muslims, Islamic Heritage.
+
+During my marriage leave in August 2020, Zainab and I went to Zhaotong to travel, and Sister Azi took us to visit Zhaotong's beautiful traditional mosques.
+
+During the Ming Dynasty, Zhaotong belonged to the Wumeng Tufu (a local administrative office), which was managed by Yi ethnic chieftains. In 1726 (the fourth year of the Yongzheng reign), Ortai, the Viceroy of Yun-Gui, began to implement the 'Gaitu Guiliu' (replacing hereditary local chieftains with government-appointed officials) policy in Wumeng. The Wumeng Tufu raised an army to resist. Ha Yuansheng, the Zhongjun Youji (a military rank), along with Zhongjun Liu Qiyuan, broke through the Wumeng Tufu and the local chieftain leaders, finally completing the Gaitu Guiliu and renaming Wumeng to Zhaotong. Ha Yuansheng was a Hui Muslim whose ancestral home was Hejian, Hebei. During the Gaitu Guiliu period, some Hui Muslim soldiers followed Ha Yuansheng into Zhaotong, and after the war ended, they settled down by 'claiming land and registering their households'.
+
+After Wumeng was pacified in 1732 (the tenth year of the Yongzheng reign), the population decreased sharply due to the war. The new Viceroy of Yun-Gui, Gao Qizhuo, ordered the reclamation of wasteland for farming. Hui Muslims from the nearby Weining area in Guizhou moved their families and villages into Zhaotong to claim land. The Hui Muslim population in Zhaotong increased significantly, and most of the existing traditional mosques were built during this period.
+
+1. Tuogu Great Mosque: 1730
+
+2. Longtoushan Mosque: 1746
+
+3. Chachong Mosque: 1734
+
+4. Tiejiawan Mosque: 1738
+
+5. Baxian Great Mosque: 1779
+
+6. Songjiashan Mosque: 1730
+
+1. Tuogu Great Mosque: 1730
+
+On the morning of August 10, Sister Azi drove us from Zhaotong to Ludian to start visiting traditional mosques. The first stop was the most famous Tuogu Great Mosque in Ludian.
+
+We were warmly received by Imam Hai at the Tuogu Mosque, and Imam Hai told us in detail about the history and various legends of the Tuogu Mosque.
+
+According to the inscriptions, the Tuogu Mosque's main hall was built in 1730 with funds donated by Ma Xiangqian, a Zhongjun Shiwei (a military guard rank) of Anlong Town, and his brothers, the Juren (a successful candidate in the imperial examinations) Ma Lincan and Ma Linchi. In 1755, at the suggestion of Imam Sai Huanzhang, local fellow believers raised funds to build the Huanxing Lou (Awakening Tower) and other buildings such as the side rooms.
+
+Before entering the mosque, the first thing you see is the hexagonal, three-tiered, pointed-roof style Huanxing Lou, with the three-room wooden 'Wujuan Tang' (Hall of No Fatigue) underneath. Hanging on the Huanxing Lou is a plaque inscribed with 'Pu Ci Wan You' (Universal Mercy for All Things), gifted in 1746 by Ye Daxiong, the Zongbing Guan (a military commander) guarding Zhaotong, Yunnan, and a hereditary Qiduwei (a military title). This plaque was originally hung in the main hall and later moved to the Huanxing Lou.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hwji3h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qnmrjd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1i3cn0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/305k5l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c1qkf9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ce5c7x.jpg)
+
+Imam Hai pointed out to us that there are some ancient fossils on the stone pillars of the Huanxing Lou, which should be unique among mosques in various places.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ldi001.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/snum91.jpg)
+
+Passing through the Wujuan Tang is the courtyard, where four ancient cypress trees are planted, and directly opposite is the prayer hall. In the center of the main hall is written 'Happy Paradise', and according to Imam Hai, the eight Arabic calligraphy works around it were written by the second Imam of the mosque, Sai Huanzhang, also known as Sai Lao Baba.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gio309.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8pmykf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qvy2s1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2ufvn5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ei98zk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cbzx2j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v5ky9c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ien08g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fds4df.jpg)
+
+The Mihrab (niche indicating the direction of Mecca) inside the main hall is a kiln-style hall, and the top of the kiln hall is also a pointed-roof pavilion-style structure, echoing the Huanxing Lou from a distance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vi1jik.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nzwvqm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jy43i9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ic8zff.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xckkxu.jpg)
+
+A Tabu Xiazi (a box for religious items) from the Qing Dynasty; Imam Hai said it is no longer used because it is too heavy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/teaow3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ttqhz2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x8kful.jpg)
+
+A stele inscription from the Qianlong reign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jud3ee.jpg)
+
+2. Longtoushan Mosque: 1746
+
+After seeing the Tuogu Great Mosque, we went to another famous ancient mosque building in Ludian, the Longtoushan Mosque, and were warmly received by Imam Ma Liming.
+
+The Longtoushan Mosque was built in 1746, following the traditional Yunnan mosque architectural style, with a courtyard enclosed by the Huanxing Lou, north and south side rooms, and the prayer hall. Unlike the Tuogu Great Mosque, the Mihrab of the Longtoushan Mosque does not have a pointed pavilion on top, and the Huanxing Lou only has four corners and two tiers, making its momentum slightly inferior to the Tuogu Great Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ijppu0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wwfxbw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pa9v1v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m5tu4d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m0qehs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/crp5ds.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/74z24i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h1idtt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pvte4t.jpg)
+
+The newly built main hall of Longtoushan is a full wooden structure, very spectacular, and can be seen from a very long distance. I very much approve of this practice of building a new main hall not far away without destroying historical architectural relics. In recent years, I have seen too many behaviors of tearing down centuries-old protected cultural relics just to build new main halls.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rq9wsg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vyj7h8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d6ykoq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lr5iek.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ncxy8m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/51d59c.jpg)
+
+3. Chachong Mosque: 1734
+
+After leaving the Longtoushan Mosque, we went to another ancient mosque in Ludian, the Chachong Mosque. The Chachong Mosque was built in 1734. Like the Tuogu Great Mosque, the Huanxing Lou is a three-story, hexagonal, pointed-roof pavilion-style building, but it is slightly smaller in size. Hanging at the entrance of the main hall is a plaque inscribed with 'Xuan Qi Da Neng' (Mysterious and Great Power), respectfully erected in 1906 by Sa Depin.
+
+The Chachong Mosque is also very beautiful, but its popularity is not as high as the surrounding Tuogu Mosque and Longtoushan Mosque. When we visited, the Imam happened to have gone to the Longtoushan Mosque for a Ziyarah (a visit to a holy site), and the Imam's daughter was an acquaintance of Sister Azi, so we chatted very happily.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2nxamx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/caf43l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yfm41v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cp64l6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/brjgv8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3804k2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s8gt99.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2ti0k1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dpbgxw.jpg)
+
+4. Tiejiawan Mosque: 1738
+
+From the Chachong Mosque, we continued to the Tiejiawan Mosque. In 1731, the Tie family came to settle in the northeast area of Taoyuan Bazi in Ludian. In 1738, Tie Wanxuan discussed with Tie Wanjin and Tie Zhongxuan to build the Tiejiawan Mosque on the top of a small hill between the two villages of Tiejiawan and Tiejiamen, and Tie Wanxuan served as the Imam.
+
+Hanging at the entrance of the main hall is a plaque inscribed with 'Da De Dun Hua' (Great Virtue and Honest Transformation), gifted in 1810 by Ye Daxiong, the hereditary Qiduwei and local military commander of Zhaotong, Yunnan, as well as a plaque inscribed with 'Qing Zhen Ya Hua' (Pure and True Elegant Transformation) respectfully erected in 1844 by Tie Chengjin, the head of the Zhaotong Left Guard.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dv0a0l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s0k3nv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t383dh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kjz50i.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wizfip.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0qo8vp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j9zdjv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4b43d3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r5vxg7.jpg)
+
+5. Baxian Great Mosque: 1779
+
+In the evening, we returned to Zhaotong from Ludian and went to the most famous Baxian Great Mosque in Zhaotong.
+
+The Baxian Great Mosque was first built in 1731 and rebuilt in 1779. In 1730, when Wumeng was first pacified, the old city of Zhaotong was desolate. The main camp was temporarily set up at the Baxian Great Mosque, and the first academy after Zhaotong's Gaitu Guiliu—Zhaoyang Academy—was founded at the Baxian Great Mosque the following year. In 1898, the Baxian Great Mosque hired the great Imam Ma Minglun as the Imam, and he was elected as the General Imam by the thirty-six mosques in Zhaoweilu (Zhaotong, Weining, and Ludian).
+
+On both sides of the mosque's main hall, there are stone-carved couplets: 'Only by overcoming one's own selfishness can one be on the path, and only by returning to the heavenly principles can one worship the Truth.' Above the main hall, there is a very distinctive Arabic wooden plaque inscribed with verses 43-44 of Chapter 43 of the Quran. Behind the main hall is a three-tiered, four-cornered, pointed-roof kiln hall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ujq81.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4er4ne.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fmvi5o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bzee4l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5yrcrt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w8mb5i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qi4y7f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dtt0zv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ophzqc.jpg)
+
+6. Songjiashan Mosque: 1730
+
+In the evening, we performed the Maghrib (evening prayer) at the Songjiashan Mosque. It was still evening when we entered the hall, and it was dark when we came out.
+
+The Songjiashan Mosque is not far from the Baxian Great Mosque and is also a very beautiful ancient mosque. During the Gaitu Guiliu in Zhaotong in the early years of the Yongzheng reign, a branch of the Ma family from Xiaba, Weining, followed General Ha Yuansheng, who led the army to pacify Wumeng, to Zhaotong. They eventually settled in Baxianhai and built the Songjiashan Mosque in 1730. The construction background of the Songjiashan Mosque is the same as that of the Baxian Great Mosque, but because there were fewer people, the scale is not as large as the Baxian Great Mosque.
+
+The Songjiashan Mosque began painting the ceiling of the main hall in 1762 and finished the decoration in 1832. It is a very precious artistic treasure inside the mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o4xled.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4audai.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ncg7p8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aq5i9q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1jd5au.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ad8gjx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3mae5m.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/emmo6y.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rgekaq.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hedda_Morrison_s_Old_Beijing_Photos__Kaorouwan__Muslim_Barbecue_and_Hui_Food.md b/content/Hedda_Morrison_s_Old_Beijing_Photos__Kaorouwan__Muslim_Barbecue_and_Hui_Food.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..059e7647825d54b6f5b5a8901204115414d323dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Hedda_Morrison_s_Old_Beijing_Photos__Kaorouwan__Muslim_Barbecue_and_Hui_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+---
+title: "Hedda Morrison's Old Beijing Photos: Kaorouwan, Muslim Barbecue and Hui Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2020"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2020"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:45Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "5f328c1255551fe1eef918f00b4386715b9e84b8907933b4fffb8a817809f75a"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hedda Morrison's Old Beijing Photos: Kaorouwan, Muslim Barbecue and Hui Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Hedda Morrison's Old Beijing Photos: Kaorouwan, Muslim Barbecue and Hui Food is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: German photographer Hedda Morrison moved to Beijing in 1933 to manage a German photography studio in the embassy district. The account keeps its focus on Beijing Halal Food, Old Photos, Hui Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+German photographer Hedda Morrison moved to Beijing in 1933 to manage a German photography studio in the embassy district. During this time, she rode her bicycle through the streets and alleys of Beijing, taking many interesting photos until she left the city in 1946. Most of Hedda Morrison's work was donated to the Harvard-Yenching Library. It has been digitized and is now on their website, including a set of photos of the old Beijing halal restaurant Kaorouwan.
+
+This set of photos shows every step from slicing the meat and grilling it to making sesame flatbread (shaobing) and eating the meat inside the bread. It gives us a vivid look at what grilled meat on an iron grate (zhizi kaorou) was like 70 or 80 years ago.
+
+Kaorouwan was started during the Qing Dynasty by a Hui Muslim family named Wan from Dachang, east of Beijing. They opened the shop in An'er Hutong near Xuanwumen, specializing in grilled beef on an iron grate served with sesame flatbread. At first, Kaorouwan was just a street stall. It wasn't until the third-generation owner, Wan Yukui, bought a storefront at the west end of An'er Hutong that the business truly became established.
+
+**Wan Ba and two assistants.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/34c66c.jpg)
+
+**The interior of the shop.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/isyl22.jpg)
+
+Zhang Zhongxing wrote this in his book Fuxuan Suohua:
+
+I forget who I was with, but it was summer, and we went to Kaorouwan to try the grilled beef. The shop was very simple, just one large room. On the south side was the grilling area with two iron grates (zhizi) side by side. They looked like millstones, with a round platform about the size of a restaurant table. In the middle was an iron ring over a foot high, topped with an iron grate that was slightly raised in the center.
+
+The iron grate was made of iron strips about three or four fen wide placed side by side. There were gaps between the strips, which were filled with beef juices from constant use. Four rough benches were placed around the round platform for customers to stand at. On the north side was a table holding bowls, chopsticks, chopped green onions, chopped cilantro, sesame paste, soy sauce, and other seasonings. There was also a cutting board for the beef, with the meat, knives, and plates on it.
+
+The man cutting the meat was a big guy around fifty, who I assume was the owner, Mr. Wan. He was quite fat and wore only a pair of unlined trousers, which sat about an inch below his navel. The owner was very capable. Aside from a teenage boy who helped deliver meat and seasonings, he did everything himself, including seating customers and handling the bill. The meat was said to be carefully selected from the meat market early in the morning, and it was sliced well—thin and even.
+
+When we arrived, the owner told the young assistant: 'Two people, let them stand there.' Then, the assistant asked how much we wanted to eat and immediately brought the meat and seasonings. Following the Beijing custom, we kept our right foot on the ground and lifted our left foot onto the bench. We used long bamboo chopsticks to dip the meat slices in seasoning and placed them on the grate. The grate was heated by pine wood, which produced little smoke and a slight fragrance. The grate was very hot, and the meat slices sizzled the moment they touched it. Stir it a few times and it is ready to eat. I take a sip of white liquor (bai gan) and a bite of meat, feeling just like I am in a Mongolian yurt (menggubao) out on the frontier.
+
+I stop drinking halfway through the meal, just as the sesame flatbread (shaobing) arrives. I eat the flatbread with the grilled meat and finish a bowl of porridge, leaving me completely full. I put down my bowl and chopsticks and listen to the shop owner calculating the bill: this item is so many diao (ten copper coins make one diao), that item is so many diao, and here is the total. While calculating, the owner does not stop his knife; he keeps on slicing. I am very satisfied with this meal and will definitely want to come back again.
+
+Every visit is rewarding. Eating well is one thing, but it is even more interesting to watch the owner’s style. With his big belly exposed, he stays busy but calm, truly living up to the description of being open and magnanimous.
+
+**The assistant is slicing meat.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3im7a6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t8ene8.jpg)
+
+Jin Shoushen wrote in Life in Old Beijing:
+
+The owner of Kaorouwan, Wan Laowu, was originally a flatbread stall owner. Back in the days when it was popular to sell grilled meat from small carts, the Wan family sold grilled meat on a griddle (zhizi kaorou) at the west entrance of An'er Hutong. Over the years, business grew, so they set up a shed to sell the meat and added a second iron griddle. Every day, carriages and horses crowded the entrance, but the shop remained a simple shed. The secret to Kaorouwan is that they use truly high-quality young beef (Kaorouwan specializes in beef), making it fresh, tender, and delicious. Wan Laowu is incredibly talented. He hand-slices about a hundred pounds of beef every day. He uses a money-counting system for sales, and no matter how many customers there are, he slices meat and calculates bills at the same time, using all his senses to ensure not even the price of a cucumber is wrong.
+
+The assistant is preparing the marinade and then mixing it with the meat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k06nvq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lp754i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/72l7pr.jpg)
+
+Wang Yongbin wrote in Beijing's Commercial Streets and Old Brands:
+
+Kaorouwan is famous far and wide for its thriving business, thanks to their careful selection of meat, thin slices, complete seasonings, and fresh, delicious flavor. Kaorouwan sends people to the Madian beef and mutton market outside Deshengmen to select fat sheep from north of the pass. The way Kaorouwan slices meat is a family craft. The meat must be three inches long, one inch wide, and as thin as paper. This way, the meat cooks quickly on the griddle and is easy for customers to chew and swallow. Eating grilled meat requires green onions, which are cut into half-inch diagonal slices for customers to use while grilling. Each customer is given a blue-rimmed porcelain bowl containing seasonings like high-quality soy sauce, sesame oil, cooking wine, white sugar, minced green onion, minced ginger, minced garlic, and salt. Back then, Kaorouwan had customers grill and eat the meat themselves. Each person held a pair of wooden chopsticks over a foot long, with one foot on a bench and the other on the ground, grilling and eating at the same time.
+
+**Making the sesame flatbread (shaobing) to go with the grilled meat.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fi536s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uy4goo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xv5s59.jpg)
+
+Jin Yunzhen wrote in "Fragments of Memories" (Douding Suoyi):
+
+On the east side of Xuanwumen Inner Street in Beijing, near Rongxian Hutong, there used to be a small shop (really just a food shed) that specialized in roasted beef, known as the famous Kaorou Wan. This Kaorou Wan had many unique features. Although the restaurant was small, it had been in the family for six generations. When I was around twenty years old (roughly 1930), the person running it was a middle-aged man over forty. Beijingers followed the customs of Hui Muslims and respectfully called him "Wan Ba," which means Master Wan. He had a large head, thick eyebrows, bright eyes, and a short, sturdy build. He was quick, sharp-minded, and very organized. He was very strict about choosing meat and only used the chuck (shangnao). His meat-slicing technique was fast and skillful, producing large, thin slices without any gristle, making the meat incredibly tender and fatty. The beef had a milky aroma and tasted delicious when roasted, which is why Kaorou Wan stayed famous for so long.
+
+Kaorou Wan was just a small shop with two gray sheds built on the sidewalk by the road. It was divided into an inner and outer room. The inner room had two roasting grills (zhizi). Because there were so many customers, they used large grills three feet in diameter, set over a fire basin with an iron ring. Below were large round tables, and each table could fit ten people standing around it. Customers had no seats and stood with one foot on a long wooden bench. All the seasonings, meat, bowls, sesame flatbread (shaobing), and wine were placed on the edge of the round table. People held two-foot-long wooden chopsticks (as thick as rattan, otherwise you couldn't reach the grill through the crowd) and ate with gusto, showing a rugged style. The beef was priced by the bowl, with each bowl weighing ten old-style taels. Half bowls were also sold. For an adult with a normal appetite, ten taels were enough, and those with a big appetite could add half a bowl. Seasonings were sold individually, such as a dish of green onions or a dish of soy sauce, and you could add or remove items like sesame flatbread (shaobing) as you liked. You had to bring your own wine at first, but later they started selling liquor (shaojiu) by the two-tael bowl. At that time, a full meal for one person cost five or six jiao, which was a big expense. A simple meal at a small restaurant for an average person, without wine, cost less than two jiao, so spending five or six jiao on a meal was considered extravagant for most residents.
+
+Every late autumn, when passing by Xuanwumen Street, the smell of roasted meat would linger in the air, which was very tempting. Most customers were lower-middle-class citizens and working people; the wealthy and powerful did not visit. Later, Kaorou Wan became famous, and some wealthy families came to try the unique taste of the roasted beef and spread the word. Eventually, prominent figures arriving in cars with servants, and even noblewomen covered in jewelry, began to visit. These people didn't mind "losing their status" by squeezing in among the sweating, hungry men to eat roasted meat with long wooden chopsticks. Master Wan was completely unfazed. He didn't consider setting up a "VIP area" or getting up to flatter them. He just kept doing things his own way and treated everyone the same, a quality that was highly valued among small merchants in Beijing at the time.
+
+Kaorou Wan not only serves excellent meat, but the master chef Wan himself is unique for his simple and meticulous style, his skilled and refined technique, his sharp mind, and his organized memory. These things left a deep impression in my observations and memories. Since his business was just two gray sheds, he did not have many staff; I remember he only had two young assistants besides himself. They just ran back and forth, moved supplies, and washed bowls and chopsticks. Besides handling the accounts, greeting guests, and looking after their coats, his main job was standing at the counter to slice meat. His meat-slicing technique was superb, and even when twenty people ate at once, he never failed to keep up with the demand. Whenever the place was packed and people were bumping into each other looking for seats, he watched everything, listened to everything, kept reciting the accounts, never stopped slicing meat, greeted guests, and arranged for early arrivals to eat in order. This person came first, please sit over there. Please wait a moment, you arrived a step later than this person. During all this, he also had to collect money and nod goodbye to guests. At the same time, he noticed if someone took the wrong umbrella or where someone else hung their hat and coat. His calm and organized attitude was truly amazing.
+
+Roast meat, eating meat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f6dcc6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8y77nr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e8sznh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mzlosz.jpg)
+
+**I will also share a few photos taken by Hedda Morrison in Beijing of halal signs and halal snacks.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/asti0l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wkbxlu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cc79od.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8iueet.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Gongbei_in_Guangyuan__Jiujing_Sufi_Shrine__Mujiapo_Hui_Village_and_Sichua.md b/content/Hidden_Gongbei_in_Guangyuan__Jiujing_Sufi_Shrine__Mujiapo_Hui_Village_and_Sichua.md
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+---
+title: "Hidden Gongbei in Guangyuan: Jiujing Sufi Shrine, Mujiapo Hui Village and Sichuan Mosque Road Trip"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2657"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2657"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:49Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "014c84a3eb48f260783bc1410ab2944c3896fe906054f231ce0738ef0b57cf12"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Gongbei in Guangyuan: Jiujing Sufi Shrine, Mujiapo Hui Village and Sichuan Mosque Road Trip
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Guangyuan finale follows Jiujing gongbei (Sufi shrine), Mujiapo Hui Muslim village, rural mosque history, and the last stretch of the Sichuan Spring Festival road trip.
+
+I traveled north from Nanshan in Guangyuan, crossed the city center, and followed the Jialing River Grand Canyon deep into the mountains until I reached the border of Sichuan and Shaanxi, where the Jiujing Gongbei sits on a hillside next to the canyon. I personally consider this the most remarkable Gongbei in all of Sichuan.
+
+Jiujing Gongbei, also known as Jingjue Pavilion (Jingjue Ting), was first built in 1702 (the 41st year of the Kangxi reign). It holds the tomb of Ma Xunyi, a disciple of Huazhe Abudonglaxi, who was a leader of the Qadiriyya Sufi order (menhuan). In 1721 (the 60th year of the Kangxi reign), the tomb also became the final resting place for Ma Yongqing and Mu Zaiqing, who were disciples of Ma Xunyi's fellow student, Qi Jingyi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ofk8py.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/68d4lr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/afz05k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rjm7m0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ybd046.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3z5vtf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jvoni5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lxeb37.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l956e0.jpg)
+
+The 1702 tombstone for Ma Xunyi reads: 'Regarding the Ma family of the pure faith from Lintao, Hezhou, who traveled to teach in Jiujing, Guangyuan, and passed away here, this monument is erected.' The tomb of the late, respected Master Ma of the Qing dynasty. The landowners were Mu Zhixian and Mu Zhilin. Erected on an auspicious day, the 15th day of the ninth lunar month in the 41st year of the Kangxi reign, by his student Ha Chengyu.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6g8kai.jpg)
+
+The 'Stele Record for the Reconstruction of Jingjue Pavilion' dates to the 55th year of the Qianlong reign. The inscription mentions that Ma Xunyi began studying under Huazhe Abudonglaxi in the 25th year of the Kangxi reign. The text was written by Ma Gui, the great-grandson of Ma Xunyi and the caretaker of Jiujing Gongbei.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cah6g2.jpg)
+
+The 'Jingjue Pavilion' plaque from the 7th year of the Guangxu reign was gifted by Liu, a Jinshi degree holder specially appointed as the Magistrate of Guangyuan County, who received five promotions and ten commendations for his service. It was also erected by Ma Dengchao, who was specially appointed as the Garrison Commander of Guangyuan and granted the imperial peacock feather. These were Magistrate Liu of Guangyuan County and Garrison Commander Ma Dengchao.
+
+Historical records confirm that the Guangyuan Magistrate in the 7th year of the Guangxu reign was Liu Xian. Liu Xian was from Qian County, Shaanxi. He was a diligent student from a young age. During his time as Magistrate of Guangyuan, he provided disaster relief, built bridges and roads, and improved irrigation, helping the people live comfortably. He was honest and upright, and people called him 'Blue Sky Liu' (Liu Qingtian).
+
+Ma Dengchao was a local from Sichuan. During the Tongzhi and Guangxu reigns, he served as a fifth-rank military officer in the Green Standard Army, overseeing city defense, military affairs, and provisions in Guangyuan County. In the 12th year of the Tongzhi reign, he inscribed the words 'Only Pure, Only One' (Wei Jing Wei Yi) for the Shanghe Street Mosque in Guangyuan, which is still kept inside the mosque today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/az0v37.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uqen7n.jpg)
+
+Inside the Gongbei, there are several Chinese pistache trees (huanglianmu) over 300 years old, planted when the site was first built.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q32xzb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v9a9di.jpg)
+
+On the hillside near the Jiujing Gongbei is a Hui Muslim village called Mujiapo in Jiujingwan, and halfway up the mountain sits the Jiujing Mosque, which was first built during the Kangxi reign. The various Gongbei in Guangyuan are all built near Hui Muslim villages, where the Qadiriyya Sufi order and the Gedimu villagers live together in harmony.
+
+Since the Ming dynasty, Jiujingwan has been an important land and water station for travelers moving from Hanzhong, Shaanxi, along the Jialing River to Chongqing. In the early Qing dynasty, Hui Muslim families named Mu, Ha, Ma, and Li moved here from Gansu and Shaanxi. It was named Mujiapo because the Mu family was the largest group, and today there are over 400 Hui Muslims living there. Because Mujiapo is located entirely on the slopes of the Jialing River canyon, the Hui Muslims mainly raise cattle and sheep, grow forage grass, and farm walnuts. 'Mujiapo' beef and mutton have become a famous brand in the northern Sichuan meat market.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n5rozm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ecls7d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oeid0w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9fbrfe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8vktlg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o1qrxd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4kqwz4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iaqju8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f5f4t1.jpg)
+
+There is a folk culture park on the mountain at Jiujing Mujiapo, and a restaurant serving Hui Muslim food by the Jialing River at the foot of the mountain. I could not try the food because it was Ramadan, so I will have to wait for another chance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7duuho.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hzuuut.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lbt18a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9lbzbi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fwucvz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3avc11.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fu832f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l0u5sl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/thzb6k.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Gongbei_in_Guangyuan__Nanshan_Sufi_Shrine_and_Sichuan_Hui_Muslim_Village.md b/content/Hidden_Gongbei_in_Guangyuan__Nanshan_Sufi_Shrine_and_Sichuan_Hui_Muslim_Village.md
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7ee48dd5ae10e5e82fac723e182b65db68f341b
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+++ b/content/Hidden_Gongbei_in_Guangyuan__Nanshan_Sufi_Shrine_and_Sichuan_Hui_Muslim_Village.md
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+---
+title: "Hidden Gongbei in Guangyuan: Nanshan Sufi Shrine and Sichuan Hui Muslim Village"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2656"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2656"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:50Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "cf07828a678c81e3943b3db5e50fa1aee6cff3c85d59dff3b4ff879eab97a001"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Gongbei in Guangyuan: Nanshan Sufi Shrine and Sichuan Hui Muslim Village
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Guangyuan road trip visits Nanshan gongbei (Sufi shrine), a Hui Muslim village, local religious history, and the mountain routes that shaped this stop in northern Sichuan.
+
+On February 21, I headed north from Yanting, passed through Langzhong, and arrived at Nanshan in Guangyuan to visit the Langzhaoting gongbei and the Nanshan Hui Muslim village.
+
+The Langzhaoting gongbei in Nanshan, Guangyuan, was originally called Yulongshan gongbei. It is a shrine built to honor the third-generation master, Master Ma, of the Qadiriyya Sufi order's Great Gongbei menhuan. Master Ma (1693-1778) was from Dongxiang, Linxia, Gansu. He studied religious texts from a young age and later, by chance, became a student of Master Ma Tengyi at the Taizi gongbei. Master Ma Tengyi explained the secrets of the religious, mystical, and ultimate truths to him, and Master Ma achieved a deep, sudden enlightenment. At age 24, Master Ma followed Master Ma Tengyi's instructions to go to Nanshan in Guangyuan for quiet, secluded practice. He built a thatched hut and spent over 60 years in deep meditation. Outside of his spiritual practice, he guided the local people, and many stories of his miracles have been passed down to this day. Because of his great virtue and the miracles he performed, many local people converted to the faith. After Master Ma passed away, the Guangyuan magistrate Ma Jialiang initiated the construction of the Langzhaoting gongbei. Later, generations of military and government officials in Guangyuan helped maintain it, leaving behind many stone inscriptions and plaques.
+
+After 1996, the Taizi gongbei in Linxia gradually expanded the Langzhaoting site. In 2010, they rebuilt the main hall and side rooms, giving it the layout it has today. Behind the gongbei is a bamboo forest, and in front are terraced fields, making the scenery very beautiful.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b7ndi6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/caq2m3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9yq0hu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4o5zyj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o4r9of.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/um8u5s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ujdfx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e6i9qm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/evp2fe.jpg)
+
+The main hall of Langzhaoting features a mihrab in the style of Hezhou.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/24qkxf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c0o61p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z6o1nv.jpg)
+
+Inside the courtyard hangs a plaque titled "Embodying the Truth" (Ti Dao Gui Zhen), which was donated by military officers and soldiers of the Guangyuan garrison in the 12th year of the Daoguang reign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/edivkw.jpg)
+
+The courtyard also preserves many stone carvings from the Qing Dynasty. The carvings feature traditional auspicious themes like "Peace and Prosperity," "Cranes and Pines for Longevity," and "Mastery of Both Literature and Martial Arts."
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0bkiiu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zlssos.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6mew4e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rvrqsk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x1fa1y.jpg)
+
+Many of the Qing Dynasty stone column bases were destroyed after 1958. This pair of stone lions still has column bases on them, which may have originally served as the base for a memorial archway.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v50zy4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s5lra8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/okpgr5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sz7ukc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2wevx4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gn1ro5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tfpkg9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dr6j7b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l8s6ia.jpg)
+
+The various stone inscriptions at Langzhaoting.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d59hnj.jpg)
+
+The oldest inscription dates back to the 42nd year of the Qianlong reign, which is the year Master Ma passed away and the gongbei was built. The top of the tablet is carved with a taiji symbol, which is very unique.
+
+The inscription records that "Master Ma" began his studies at 14, traveled from Shaanxi to Sichuan at 24, and practiced in seclusion for over 60 years. It expresses deep respect for him. The signature belongs to a high-ranking official named Ma X from Anhui, who held titles including Fengzhi Dafu and acting magistrate of Guangyuan County.
+
+Research shows the person who set up the tablet was Ma Jialiang, a Hui Muslim from Anqing, Anhui, and the builder of Langzhaoting. Ma Jialiang, whose courtesy name was Zhongheng, was the son of the famous Qing Dynasty Hui Muslim general and martial arts scholar Ma Dayong. He passed the imperial examinations in the 12th year of the Qianlong reign and served as a high official in several provinces. He rose from county magistrate to prefect, working in Henan, Shandong, Hubei, and Sichuan. He was once dismissed in Shandong for failing to notice the White Lotus Sect, but was later reappointed as the prefect of Huili, Sichuan, eventually ending his career as an acting magistrate in Guangyuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uk1qxp.jpg)
+
+The second tablet is the "Record of Rebuilding the True Shrine" from the 59th year of the Qianlong reign. It mentions that in the 42nd year of Qianlong, the former magistrate Master Ma donated funds to build the shrine for the Master, and it was renovated again in the 59th year. The back of the tablet lists 16 religious leaders with the surnames Guo, Mu, Zheng, Min, Ma, Li, Sai, and Wang, along with 135 followers who donated funds.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5yl7z4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/orbk3q.jpg)
+
+The "Record of Rebuilding the True Shrine" from the 11th year of the Daoguang reign has the title "Crane in the Clouds" at the top. It refers to the gongbei as the "Nanshan Master Ma Gongbei." The first donor listed is Ma Tenglong, a commander from Chongqing, followed by Guangyuan garrison officer Ma Guangting and others. Ma Tenglong was a military general with many achievements during the middle and late Qing Dynasty. According to the Records of Chongqing Prefecture in the Daoguang Era, Ma Tenglong was from Chengdu, Sichuan, and joined the army in the 58th year of the Qianlong reign. In the 60th year of the Qianlong reign, he was ordered to lead troops to Guizhou and Hunan to help suppress the Miao uprising. In the 2nd year of the Jiaqing reign, he was transferred to the Hubei and Sichuan-Shaanxi regions to suppress the White Lotus Rebellion. In the 1st year of the Daoguang reign, he was promoted to commander-in-chief of the Gansu garrison. In the 3rd year of the Daoguang reign, he was transferred to be the commander-in-chief of the Shaanxi-Gansu garrison. In the 8th year of the Daoguang reign, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Chongqing garrison to guard Chongqing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t41d8v.jpg)
+
+The "Merits Last Forever" (Gongde Yongchui) stele from the 20th year of the Daoguang reign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dleujh.jpg)
+
+The Basmala (Tasimi) stele from the 11th year of the Daoguang reign also features the name of Ma Guangting, a captain (qianzong) of the Guangyuan Battalion.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lunye2.jpg)
+
+The "Immortal Forever" (Yongchui Buxiu) stele from the 10th year of the Guangxu reign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p9trcq.jpg)
+
+The "Forever Solid" (Yongyuan Weigu) stele from the 13th year of the Daoguang reign shows that the person in charge of the gongbei at that time was named Ma Yingkui.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n0d6j5.jpg)
+
+After leaving the Nanshan gongbei, I went to the nearby Nanshan Mosque. This is a village of Hui Muslims deep in the Nanshan mountains of Guangyuan, and there has likely been very little written about it before.
+
+Centered around the Hui Muslim village, Nanshan in Guangyuan is home to over 120 Hui Muslim households with the surnames Wang, Ma, Li, Tian, Zhou, Cha, and Zhao, with the Wang surname being the most common. Most of the Hui Muslims in Nanshan moved here from Xiaogan in Hubei and areas in Shaanxi and Gansu during the "Huguang Fills Sichuan" migration period of the Qing Dynasty, and they have been farming in the Nanshan mountains ever since. Due to wars, disasters, and economic reasons, the Nanshan Hui Muslims did not build a mosque for a long time. They had to hire an imam to conduct religious services in private homes, and at one point, they even had to travel to the Hejie Mosque in downtown Guangyuan, which was very inconvenient. In 2002, led by Wang Zhanrong, with the support of Imam Ma Wanquan from the Hejie Mosque in Guangyuan and the advocacy of Haji Ma Jianzhong, they raised funds and finally built the Nanshan Mosque in 2003.
+
+The six main doors of the Nanshan Mosque are the original doors from the Qianlong era of the Hejie Mosque in Guangyuan, which are very precious. They feature very exquisite wood carvings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tr2ntx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h52w9n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pk4iu3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9qd85.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o2937u.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4raun6.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rvry0e.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mx8m8d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2uqraz.jpg)
+
+There is a relaxed, slow life in the Nanshan Hui Muslim village. Next to the mosque are clean and tidy houses. The aunties sit around chatting and drying radishes, lettuce, and rapeseed that they couldn't finish eating. One auntie said that dried rapeseed is especially delicious when stir-fried with beef. Sitting here away from the hustle and bustle, it feels like time has slowed down.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6vflxc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tw68xl.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1woi20.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/my5u8g.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wnhfu4.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bxegfh.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8qmaz5.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/46d9e3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ymjndj.jpg)
+
+The Hui Muslim cemetery in Nanshan has excellent scenery nearby and is very refreshing. There are bees kept near the houses, and the beehives are right by the road. I didn't feel scared even when standing close, and the honey from here must taste very good.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kc1d9g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ycl3vz.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tdsuf3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/96se39.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3rkk4i.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k1zj2k.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iwejaj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kpdsmq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2vm7co.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Gongbei_in_Qingchuan__Dayuan_Hui_Township_and_Wulongshan_Sufi_Shrine_in_G.md b/content/Hidden_Gongbei_in_Qingchuan__Dayuan_Hui_Township_and_Wulongshan_Sufi_Shrine_in_G.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+---
+title: "Hidden Gongbei in Qingchuan: Dayuan Hui Township and Wulongshan Sufi Shrine in Guangyuan"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2664"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2664"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:46Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui History"
+content_hash: "a089432152c7b02864c6b994b600f75e5d2e8ade39433eaa9ba8f274cfed19b9"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Gongbei in Qingchuan: Dayuan Hui Township and Wulongshan Sufi Shrine in Guangyuan
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This northern Sichuan travelogue visits Dayuan Hui Muslim Township in Qingchuan County and Wulongshan gongbei (Sufi shrine), preserving the route, people, and local Muslim heritage.
+
+I left downtown Guangyuan in the morning and reached Dayuan Hui Ethnic Township, deep in the Qinba Mountains, after a trip of nearly two hours. I followed the Huaguo River up the valley and first arrived at Huaguo Village to visit the Huaguo Mosque (Huaguo Si). The mosque was closed, so I could only look around the courtyard.
+
+Huaguo Mosque is a century-old site. It was built in 1925 at Majiakou in Huaguo Village, moved to its current location in Chenjiayuan in 1940, and rebuilt after the 2008 earthquake. You can still see the old stone column bases in the courtyard today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4j5gdd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/36q4jy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qfuf5m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/29w39h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dfuij1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3t0x0a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8purkv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0ibfid.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ljdd6x.jpg)
+
+Continuing up the Huaguo River, I reached Suojia Village, another Hui Muslim village. It is the oldest Hui village in all of Qingchuan, with a history of over 400 years. According to a tombstone in the village, Ma Jiyuan invited the Suo and Zhao families to move from Jingyang County, Shanxi, to settle by the Huagai River in 1580 (the eighth year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty). The Qingchuan County Annals record that in 1586 (the fourteenth year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty), three Hui Muslim families named Ma, Suo, and Hei from Ta'er Mosque in Jingyang County, Shanxi, moved to settle by the Huagai River in Dayuan Township, marking the arrival of Hui Muslims in the county.
+
+At Suojia Mosque, the imam and village elders welcomed me warmly. I offered a donation (nietie), but they returned it to me, saying it was for travelers, and gave me oranges and apples instead. Suojia Mosque was built in the late Ming Dynasty, occupied in 1952, and torn down in 1967. Led by fellow Muslims Suo Fushou and Ma Minghuai, and through the efforts of Suo Jinming, Suo Wenjin, Ma Qinggao, Suo Jinzhu, Suo Fuguo, and Ma Wancai, the current Suojia Mosque was finally completed after four years of work from 2007 to 2011.
+
+In Suojia Village, I clearly saw many people wearing white caps. Everyone was very friendly and smiled at me. Suojia Village sits deep in Wulong Mountain. With ducks and geese in the stream and fellow Muslims plowing the terraced fields with oxen, it is a peaceful scene, like a hidden paradise.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vg7gbv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3oyhma.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w8ppjp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/76bmv7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h3ynia.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g34ew2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ryd6rj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0tutyw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g81fhl.jpg)
+
+Suojia Village is definitely the most beautiful Hui Muslim village I have visited in Sichuan. I slowly climbed Wulong Mountain and looked out from the railing. Rolling green mountains stretched out, the quiet Huaguo River valley lay between them, and houses were scattered along the slopes. White walls and dark tiles dotted the landscape, while terraced fields formed a lush green pattern. The fresh mountain air hit my face, and everything I saw felt like a healing pastoral poem.
+
+The village specializes in organic green tea, mountain delicacies, eco-friendly beef and lamb, and medicinal herbs grown in the forest. While walking through the village, I happened to meet a simple Hui Muslim grandmother driving her cattle and sheep into the deep mountains to graze, looking very relaxed. When she is not grazing them, she feeds the cattle and sheep pure corn cobs. Cattle and sheep raised on mountain spring water, wild mushrooms, and corn must taste great. I want to try some next time I have the chance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/of0sf4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lmyewr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q7ebwv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3abtla.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eakyn3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tpe35u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qkfezw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fr7qye.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tca5xa.jpg)
+
+On a cliff at the end of the Huaguo River valley sits the Wulong Mountain Gongbei, also called the Wulong Mountain Mosque (Qingzhen Ting), which belongs to the Jahriyya Sufi order (Gaderenye Menhuan). This cliffside shrine is comparable in scale to the Jiujing Gongbei.
+
+Wulong Mountain Gongbei is where 'Grandpa An' (An Taiye) from Ding'an River practiced during his lifetime. Grandpa An was originally a Han Chinese from Anhui. During the Kangxi reign, he served as a magistrate in Langzhong County. Inspired by Qi Jingyi, the founder of the Jahriyya order, he resigned from his post to join the faith. Later, he went to Wulong Mountain to practice in a cave. After he passed away (gui zhen) in 1708 (the forty-seventh year of the Kangxi reign), the Wulong Mountain Gongbei was built. Inside the Gongbei, there is a plaque from the eighth year of the Xianfeng reign that reads 'Imperial Grace' (Sheng En).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rnvzdv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xir9w1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ta8rid.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h4cqgo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0d8puy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/juol41.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/95mylw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/29lxak.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lsjwim.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Halal_Food_Near_Beijing__Nanying_Village_Aqiqah_Feast__Hui_Lamb_and_Langf.md b/content/Hidden_Halal_Food_Near_Beijing__Nanying_Village_Aqiqah_Feast__Hui_Lamb_and_Langf.md
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..095e40022263b5cf9227148c801f77dc16438cc8
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+++ b/content/Hidden_Halal_Food_Near_Beijing__Nanying_Village_Aqiqah_Feast__Hui_Lamb_and_Langf.md
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+---
+title: "Hidden Halal Food Near Beijing: Nanying Village Aqiqah Feast, Hui Lamb and Langfang Mosque"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3029"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3029"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:56Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "7a18eb2339e316a7eb8172f13c6c5ff77312a6fa3ac6878b21269473808ea74c"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Halal Food Near Beijing: Nanying Village Aqiqah Feast, Hui Lamb and Langfang Mosque
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Langfang travel note visits Nanying Village near Beijing for an aqiqah feast, Hui Muslim lamb dishes, local restaurants, butcher shops, and Nanying Mosque.
+
+On Sunday, I was invited to Nanying Village in Langfang, Hebei, to attend a feast for a friend's newborn. In our faith, this is called Aqiqah, a way to give thanks to Allah for the baby's arrival.
+
+The entire street in Nanying Village is packed with restaurants and butcher shops run by Hui Muslims. We ate at Laowu Restaurant, right at the south entrance of the village. Our friend had a sheep slaughtered, and the restaurant prepared a full lamb feast for us. It included roasted lamb chops, braised lamb knuckle tendons (wogujin), stir-fried lamb offal with coriander (yanbao yangza), sesame lamb, and clear-boiled meatballs (qingcuan wanzi). Of course, we also had the fried dough (youxiang) that is essential for any religious feast. Their cooking was better than many places I have tried in Beijing, partly because they use freshly slaughtered lamb. The fresh lamb offal had no chili or Sichuan peppercorns, just a quick stir-fry with coriander stems. It is rare to taste such a clean, fresh flavor in lamb offal. The lamb knuckle tendons had a great texture; they were softer than regular hoof tendons but still had a nice chew. The sesame lamb was also very tender. Many Beijing restaurants make it tough, but this was the best I have ever had. The meatballs were firm and meaty, unlike some places in Beijing where they are full of starch and you can barely taste the meat. Freshly slaughtered lamb is perfect for clear-boiled meatballs. If you deep-fried them, you would lose that fresh flavor.
+
+They have plenty of other dishes too. It takes less than an hour to drive here from Beijing via the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway. On the way back, you have to go through a checkpoint where they check your trunk, but we barely had to wait in line on Sunday afternoon.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ypw4zc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5blpfi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/48bwyn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9nnnx3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j12p0v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bo4z55.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zmqbvp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fku4mu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4p2wi8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xxs66k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/742kd6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d84r4h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wbvc7d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q7bbfa.jpg)
+
+After the feast, we visited the Nanying Mosque. Nanying Mosque was first built during the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty. Legend says it was built with donations from Hui Muslims with the surnames Qian, Ma, Zhang, and Dai, after the Qian and Ma brothers moved here from Zhuxian Town in Henan. The mosque was rebuilt during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty and was rebuilt again in 1998 to become the building we see today. The mosque is kept very neat and tidy, with bright windows and clean floors. Imam Qian, who serves at the mosque, is a local. He is young, capable, and very welcoming to us.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vrnnfv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cc9hxa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sdzksr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/noaui8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/buurmv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nf4ppz.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Halal_Food_in_China__Chongqing_Maodu_Hotpot__Hui_Muslims_and_Real_Local_R.md b/content/Hidden_Halal_Food_in_China__Chongqing_Maodu_Hotpot__Hui_Muslims_and_Real_Local_R.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..64de726986d6a2646f3e7aae6b3a1a384295e9eb
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+++ b/content/Hidden_Halal_Food_in_China__Chongqing_Maodu_Hotpot__Hui_Muslims_and_Real_Local_R.md
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+---
+title: "Hidden Halal Food in China: Chongqing Maodu Hotpot, Hui Muslims and Real Local Restaurants"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3042"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3042"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:45Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "2e732127097a3025773615c66f585a7359808085ce21ecd18902fa995547b8cb"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Halal Food in China: Chongqing Maodu Hotpot, Hui Muslims and Real Local Restaurants
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Hidden Halal Food in China: Chongqing Maodu Hotpot, Hui Muslims and Real Local Restaurants is presented here as a clear English travel account for Muslim readers, beginning with this scene: The Hui Muslims are one of the ethnic minorities who have lived in Chongqing for a long time. They settled in Chongqing long before the Yuan Dynasty. The oldest existing mosque in Chongqing, the Fengjie. The article keeps the original place names, food details, photographs, and cultural context while focusing on Chongqing Halal Food, Maodu Hotpot, Hui Muslims.
+
+The Hui Muslims are one of the ethnic minorities who have lived in Chongqing for a long time. They settled in Chongqing long before the Yuan Dynasty. The oldest existing mosque in Chongqing, the Fengjie Mosque, was built in the Yuan Dynasty.
+
+When I revisited Chongqing this time, I not only tasted authentic Chongqing halal food, but also learned about the history of Chongqing hot pot. It turns out that the emergence of Chongqing hot pot is closely related to the Hui Muslims.
+
+cattle were an important production tool in Chinese history and could not be slaughtered at will. This tradition continued until the end of the Qing Dynasty. According to the historical data of Nanchuan County, Chongqing in the early Republic of China, "Revisiting Nanchuan County Chronicles": "In the Qing Dynasty, cattle slaughter was often prohibited, and no one dared to openly set up an operation. However, the place name Diaobuzhu, two miles outside the east gate, was the place where cattle were slaughtered despite the ban. Officials sent messengers to investigate and arrest people, but they were bribed and indulged in bribes. Even if he is arrested and flogged, he will return to his old profession after being released from the shackles. Exceptions include Catholicism and Islam. Before and after the Republic of China, the ban on collecting donations was relaxed, and beef was everywhere in the streets after autumn and before summer. If cattle are not allowed to be slaughtered, there will be more theft and farmers will suffer. This is not just a treacherous Buddha.
+
+What I mentioned above is the ban on cattle slaughter in Chongqing. Because the Hui Muslims have long settled in Chongqing, the government specifically allowed the Hui Muslims to slaughter some weak cattle in order to maintain the livelihood of the Hui Muslims.
+
+On December 4, 1931, there was a news article in Chongqing's "Xin Shu News", "The Hui Muslims of this city have requested that the Municipal Finance Bureau has forwarded a letter to the Ba County Government for inspection." The main content of the news was that some criminals took advantage of the loophole and slaughtered strong cattle privately, resulting in the reduction of fine cattle breeds. In order to save the cattle market, the government has strengthened the regulations prohibiting the slaughter of cattle, and the lives of the Hui Muslims in Chongqing have also been affected. The Hui Muslims specifically requested the Municipal Finance Bureau to request the magistrate and county government to change the restrictions on the slaughter of cattle. Otherwise, the livelihood of the local Hui Muslims will be difficult to maintain.
+
+Therefore, during the Republic of China, the first people who could eat beef tripe and butter among the people were the Hui Muslims. These two ingredients were the main ingredients of Chongqing hot pot. Traditional Chongqing hot pot uses butter as the bottom of the pot. Existing information shows that the history of Chongqing hot pot is only a hundred years old, and the Chongqing riverside wharves during the Republic of China were all places where Hui Muslims slaughtered cattle. In the 15th year of the Republic of China, the Ma brothers introduced the simple hot pot "Shui Ba Kuai" to the restaurant in Zaifang Street (now under the sill of the Yangtze River Bridge). It was the prototype of Chongqing hot pot, similar to today's Jiugongge. A pot is divided into eight compartments, and each compartment can be used to prepare different dishes. At that time, this division was just to help the guests to share a table. After all, the diners were mostly poor boatmen on the riverside, and it was impossible to have the luxury of one pot per person. In this way, until the Anti-Japanese War, there was still an old lady surnamed Ma running an authentic tripe hot pot on the street in Jiaochangkou, which specialized in beef tripe.
+
+There is an article saying that the Hui Muslims in Chaotianmen slaughtered cows and kept only the meat, and did not put it into the water. They threw the water away and let the boatmen pick it up and make tripe hot pot. This is obviously not in line with common sense. I guess the Hui Muslims are regarded as some foreigners who do not eat offal. In fact, the Hui Muslims are very good at eating tripe and beef offal. The fried tripe and mutton offal soup in old Beijing were first sold by the Hui Muslims. As poor people, the Hui Muslims regard cattle and sheep as good food.
+
+However, with the Japanese invasion of China, Chongqing, as the capital of the Nationalist Government, suffered six years of bombing by the Japanese army. All mosques in Chongqing were not spared and suffered serious damage. As a result, many Hui Muslims in Chongqing left their homes and found other livelihoods. In the following years, it was difficult to find traces of halal hairy tripe hot pot in Chongqing.
+
+It wasn't until the 1980s that hot pot re-emerged in Chongqing, but there were no halal restaurants anymore.
+
+I remember my first visit to Chongqing in 2016. I wanted to try the authentic halal Chongqing hot pot but there was no one. Only the Ningxia Huixiangzhai restaurant opposite the Jiaochangkou Mosque also sold Chongqing hot pot. Because it was the only one, it was difficult to compare and evaluate. But when I came to Chongqing again in 2020, the situation had changed a lot, and halal Chongqing hot pot was blooming everywhere.
+
+Currently, the halal restaurants in Chongqing are mainly concentrated in two places. The first is Jiaochangkou and the second is Songpai Road. Let’s talk about Songpai Road first.
+
+Before setting off, I had saved several hot pot restaurants on my phone that I planned to try. When I followed the navigation to find one of the highly rated Halal Chongqing Hot Pots on Songpai Road, my eyes lit up when I arrived at my destination. There were actually several Halal restaurants densely packed together on this street, which can be called a Halal Food Street.
+
+**Songpai Road Halal Food Street**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xv0gx7.png)
+
+**△Songpai Road**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eak1pw.jpg)
+
+△Zhen Yishun is a chain brand with many branches in Chongqing, but its main features are different. This one is for Chongqing hot pot.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w28aqd.jpg)
+
+**△Hand grab at Northwest Tower**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g2b1q1.jpg)
+
+△The second branch of Zhen Yishun is next to the third branch, but its main business is Xinjiang cuisine
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7kr7hq.jpg)
+
+△Xinjiang Bosten Manor, specializing in Xinjiang cuisine
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cv1tmd.jpg)
+
+**△Aftertaste of Sichuan and Chongqing Halal Chongqing Hot Pot**
+
+**The store I would like to introduce to you on Songpai Road is Huiwei Sichuan and Chongqing Halal Chongqing Hot Pot (Youssef Store)**
+
+, the boss is from Lanzhou, and the store is a chain store with branches in Lanzhou and other places.
+
+The reason why I recommend this restaurant is first of all because it is the first non-smoking hot pot restaurant in Chongqing. Feeling safe while eating is more important than anything else. Secondly, this restaurant has a high five-star rating on Dianping. I am a very popular person with a down-to-earth taste. Generally, restaurants that everyone thinks are delicious, I also think they are delicious, and I think delicious restaurants are easily accepted by others.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rvobce.jpg)
+
+I felt a halal atmosphere as soon as I entered the door. There was an event in the store that day. Imams and village elders were being entertained on the first floor. The lobby was full of dustis. I came alone and said selan to the boss and waiter. The boss enthusiastically led me to the private room on the second floor and asked the waiter to prepare some dishes suitable for one person.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/luuo9l.jpg)
+
+△The vegetable rack placed at the entrance of the store, please note that the green vegetables are all freshly cultivated and are only pulled out when eating.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lgx7zj.jpg)
+
+△The restaurant’s private room can accommodate 20 people dining at the same time.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/50ntf5.jpg)
+
+**△Single pot**
+
+The boss said that the most enjoyable thing about eating Chongqing hot pot is the nine-square grid of the big pot, which allows you to taste different flavors. But I am only one person, so I can only choose a small pot to avoid waste. Compared with Chengdu hot pot, Chongqing hot pot is older and has a spicier taste. Chengdu hot pot is an improved version.
+
+Chongqing people think that the longer the hot pot is cooked, the more fragrant it becomes. The hot pot soup is repeatedly simmered and the flavor becomes richer, so they are accustomed to calling it old hot pot. The soup in old hot pot is the leftover soup from the previous guests. There are really local people who eat hot pot and don’t mind eating the leftover old soup from the table. They enjoy it. It is delicious, but this is limited to the way of eating in non-halal restaurants. Halal restaurants will not use old soup, and halal restaurants have not been open in Chongqing for a long time, so it is impossible to have old soup. there are no favorites of Chongqing people such as duck blood and pig brains, so halal restaurants are not very popular among old Chongqing people.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w9meov.jpg)
+
+**△Fairy hairy belly**
+
+The tripe is a must-have ingredient for Chongqing hot pot. You can eat the tripe in a red oil pan for three to five seconds. After being scalded by the spicy butter soup, the smell of the tripe is gone.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x4pz2w.jpg)
+
+**△Fresh cut beef tenderloin**
+
+Beijing's mutton-shabu-shabu mainly uses sheep, while Chongqing's hot pot focuses on beef. I suggest that when you come to Chongqing, you should mainly eat beef. Shabu-shabu beef in butter will have a unified taste.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ggp1jh.jpg)
+
+**△Vegetable platter**
+
+What’s worth noting is the vegetable platter in Chongqing hot pot. I only realized after eating it that there were no green leafy vegetables in the vegetable platter, only soy products such as bean sprouts. As for the reason, experienced hot pot eaters should have guessed that green leafy vegetables cooked in spicy red oil will taste spicier and most people can’t stand it. However, light ingredients such as bean sprouts and tofu are more fragrant and more flavorful after being rolled in red oil, so those who want to try spicy food can just order the green vegetables.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vpw3uh.jpg)
+
+The dipping sauce of Chongqing hot pot is traditionally sesame oil and minced garlic, which mainly plays the role of cooling the hairy belly. Chengdu hot pot has made some innovations in the dipping sauce, adding sweet flavors such as oyster sauce. The dipping sauces here can be mixed as you like.
+
+**Jiaochangkou Muslim Building**
+
+Jiaochangkou is the only mosque in the central city of Chongqing. The original mosque was bombed by the Japanese army. Now a Muslim building has been built. The 14th and 15th floors are used as mosques, and the other floors are rented out to hotels. Currently, Chongqing has built a mosque similar to Hangzhou Xinda Mosque in the southern section of Erlangfeng West Road, but it has not yet been opened.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9wulf0.jpg)
+
+**△Chongqing West mosque**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cjehgq.jpg)
+
+**△The Monument of Promoting Religion and Saving the Nation**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7sonnl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q1p193.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vvo8el.jpg)
+
+△The photo was taken in 2016, when the underground was not yet open.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xcbcn6.jpg)
+
+△Now the first floor and the basement have become a hotpot city.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bobarc.jpg)
+
+**△Qingjuzhai Halal Restaurant**
+
+All three restaurants are owned by a Xinjiang owner. I specifically asked the waiter about the differences between the three restaurants and learned that the Magic 8D Chongqing Hot Pot on the basement floor is a sauce-flavored hot pot, the Zhen Yishun Chongqing Hot Pot on the first floor specializes in spicy and spicy hot pot, and the Qingjuzhai on the first floor specializes in Northwest Xinjiang stir-fry dishes, as well as Sichuan cuisine.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n9nig9.jpg)
+
+△This must be the boss.
+
+After eating Sichuan and Chongqing hot pot at noon, I really can’t eat hot pot again in the evening. I came here mainly to eat halal Chongqing noodles.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/236et9.jpg)
+
+△You can buy halal Chongqing hot pot base here.
+
+I ate the halal Chongqing hot pot base from a friend in Beijing, and I can use an induction cooker to cook it at home. The advantage is that I can add different concentrations of ingredients according to my own taste. I can eat five meals of the base that locals would eat in one meal, because the taste is mainly numb and spicy. If the ingredients are the same, it will not be affected by the region, and I can taste it at home like in a store.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dnqoch.jpg)
+
+△Still open at 10pm.
+
+It was about 10 o'clock when I came to Magic 8D. The waiter said that we can go upstairs to eat hot pot. The upstairs is open until 11 o'clock and the current floor was about to close. But I said I just wanted to have a bowl of noodles, and they still made me a bowl. The waiters in the store are all Yaomei from Chongqing and have a very good attitude.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rf5g6t.jpg)
+
+**△Chongqing noodles**
+
+Finally, I was able to eat halal noodles in Chongqing. To be honest, the taste did not disappoint me. I ate the whole bowl. Of course, I didn’t finish the soup. The noodles here are not particularly spicy, just like the waiter said they have a special sauce flavor. The basic version of authentic Chongqing noodles is spicy plain noodles, but various toppings can be added. Chongqing noodles are one of the most important daily noodles for Chongqing people. People eat them since morning. Although they are plain noodles, it does not mean that you can go to halal restaurants to eat them, because they will add lard to them, so you must cherish the opportunity to eat halal noodles.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ds0esn.jpg)
+
+△Huixiangzhai, a northwest restaurant that also serves Chongqing hot pot.
+
+Opposite the Muslim Building is Huixiangzhai. I had my first meal here when I came to Chongqing in 2016. It has basically remained unchanged in four years. This restaurant should be the first restaurant in Chongqing to start making Halal Chongqing hot pot in the past 10 years, although it is not the main dish.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sx6otu.jpg)
+
+**△Chongqing hot pot at Huixiangzhai**
+
+Next to the Muslim Building, there are several halal restaurants selling Chongqing hot pot nearby. They should have only opened in the past two years. Forgive me for not trying them all. If I eat spicy hot pot all the time, I'm afraid I won't be able to return to Beijing normally.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t68dkp.jpg)
+
+△Irquba halal hot pot, smoke-free wine restaurant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x47hb5.jpg)
+
+**△Captain Ma Halal Hot Pot**
+
+About 900 meters away from Jiaochangkou, there is a night market. The first stall at the entrance of the night market is Huawei Yipin, which sells halal snacks.
+
+The food truck is also the only halal stall in this night market.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ifq1cr.jpg)
+
+**△30 Degree Street Bar in Lime City**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/57yvvd.jpg)
+
+**△Aftertaste of Yipin**
+
+Huiwei Yipin mainly sells snacks such as beef noodles, beef steamed buns, hot and sour noodles, fried chicken, and cold noodles. It also sells Chongqing noodles. It is run by a couple from Liaocheng, Shandong. We exchanged words about selan. The young man seemed to be in a good mood and was laughing. Narrowly, he said that he has been doing business in Chongqing for more than 20 years and has settled in Chongqing. During the chat, I heard him communicating with Chongqing guests in Chongqing dialect with a pure accent. He said that locals in his Chongqing accent generally can't tell the difference.
+
+I asked him about the situation of local hot pot in Chongqing. I said that the hot pot restaurants in Chongqing seemed to be doing very well, and I often saw long lines of people queuing up to eat hot pot. He told me that many of the queuing restaurants paid people to queue up. Generally, traditional Chongqing people would not queue up to eat hot pot. They would eat the familiar taste in small alleys near their homes. There is no need to queue up in such small shops.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yifhe6.jpg)
+
+**△Aftertaste Yipin’s menu**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j6mk1n.jpg)
+
+**△Beef steamed buns**
+
+The Roujiamo they make is really delicious. I had just finished eating the spicy hot pot, so a hot Roujiamo saved my stomach. The buns are all heated on the pan. I believe that friends who can't eat spicy food will want to have a Roujiamo to resist the burning of their stomach after eating spicy hot pot.
+
+**Weiyijia·Ethnic Specialty Restaurant**
+
+The biggest gain from my trip to Chongqing this time was to find an authentic Chongqing restaurant in Hechuan District run by local Muslims in Chongqing. The location of Hechuan District in Chongqing is roughly equivalent to the outer suburbs of Yanqing and Huairou in Beijing. You need to take a train from Chongqing North Railway Station. The journey takes about half an hour and there are many trains.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rp3kw3.jpg)
+
+**△Fujiang River in Hechuan District**
+
+Weiyijia Restaurant is located in a street shop along the Fujiang River. On the opposite bank is Wenfeng Ancient City, a famous scenic spot in Hechuan District. I have visited the ancient city for you and found no halal restaurants, but there are vegetarian restaurants.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kekun9.jpg)
+
+Weiyijia Ethnic Specialty Restaurant is the only Chongqing-style halal restaurant in Hechuan District. The owner is a Chongqing native and the director of the Hechuan Mosque. This restaurant is a non-smoking and alcoholic restaurant, and all the meat in the restaurant comes from Lanzhou. This is simply perfect and must be highly recommended.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wcc0q8.jpg)
+
+The signboard placed at the entrance not only introduces the concept of halal food and emphasizes that alcohol is prohibited, but also clearly states that the ingredients come from Lanzhou, emphasizing that the ingredients are of high quality and can be eaten with confidence. In fact, Lanzhou is not too far from Chongqing. There are some areas in Gansu where the food taste is closer to Sichuan, such as the Longnan area. Halal Sichuan hot pot restaurants can be found everywhere in Lanzhou, and the taste is basically the same as that in Sichuan and Chongqing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/noukrp.jpg)
+
+△Not only is the meat good, but the rice is also imported from Thailand.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xogydl.jpg)
+
+**△Steamed mutton with rice flour**
+
+Steamed pork is popular in many southern provinces and is one of the top ten famous dishes in Chongqing. It is steamed with rice noodles, meat and other materials. The Hui Muslims use beef and mutton as the main ingredients, and then put sweet potato cubes on the bottom. Eat the steamed pork on top first, and then eat the ground pork on the bottom. The role of the melon, rice noodles and sweet potatoes may be to absorb the mutton smell of the meat. This Lanzhou mutton has no mutton smell, but I underestimated the amount of dishes in Chongqing restaurants. This portion is probably enough for two or three people. It is a pity that I can't finish them all.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0nvakl.png)
+
+**△Sauerkraut and Vermicelli Soup**
+
+The most inconvenient thing about traveling alone is that my food intake is limited and I can’t eat more. I had a premonition before ordering that I might not be able to finish it all, so I only ordered one portion of steamed pork with rice flour and another portion of soup. I didn’t expect that the soup came in a big bowl, which shocked me, and it only cost 12 yuan. This time I tasted Chongqing sauerkraut. The texture is very different from northern sauerkraut. It is more sour and has a more complex taste, which is very appetizing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dmiu9j.jpg)
+
+The waitress at Weiyijia’s kimchi is a native of Hechuan with a strong accent. She saw that I was very interested in this kimchi and said she could give it to me to try. However, the kimchi was not yet ripe (carelessness). I ate some and thought it was quite delicious. The people of Bashu are very good at making pickled food.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ry68rh.jpg)
+
+**△A bowl of rice**
+
+Eating rice in both pots and buckets is a specialty of the Sichuan and Chongqing regions. You have to get used to this. In fact, I also want to try Weiyijia's twice-cooked beef or something, but I don't have the energy to do it. I will come again in the future if I have the opportunity.
+
+**Hechuan Mosque**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vnzdbn.png)
+
+**△Hechuan Mosque**
+
+Qingzhuwan Street, about 1 kilometer away from Weiyijia Restaurant, is where the Hechuan Mosque is located. The mosque was built in 1748 and was built with funds raised by the Hui Muslims from Shaanxi who came to Hechuan for business. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, a Hui named Yin from Fengjie, Chongqing, became the general manager of the Yamen of Hechuan County and was elected as the village elder of the mosque, which improved the status of the Hui Muslims in Hechuan. The Republic of China was the most prosperous period for the religious community in Hechuan County, with more than 150 Hui Muslims. Su Weixin, who was the imam of the Hechuan Mosque at that time, was employed as a teacher at the Hechuan Martial Arts Hall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p3annk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3wdrai.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j5oirf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9egotf.jpg)
+
+**△Overall view of the yard**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/32s177.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7r1aoa.jpg)
+
+△The worship hall is very small.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mex8pl.jpg)
+
+**△The ancient trees in the yard**
+
+There are currently 6 mosques in use in Chongqing, namely Jiaochangkou Mosque, Hechuan Mosque, Fengjie Mosque, Rongchang Mosque, Wanzhou Mosque and Kaixian Mosque.
+
+, each mosque belongs to different districts and counties, and they are all very far apart, so you need to take a train to get there.
+
+**Dunhuang Tower Northwest Restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wn5gbc.jpg)
+
+Dunhuang Lou is the first northwest halal restaurant in Chongqing. It is not the same as Dunhuang Lou in Shanghai. It is located in the food court on B1 of Shin Kong Place Department Store. I like the overall decoration style and service of this store, and you can also eat halal Chongqing stir-fry here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x0eoog.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f2gnvz.jpg)
+
+**△Hand-shredded cakes**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e6ppe6.jpg)
+
+**△Sweet and Sour Pork**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t41f5u.jpg)
+
+**△Balancai in soup**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c33aao.jpg)
+
+**△Steamed pork with rice flour**
+
+The steamed pork here is wrapped in rice dumpling leaves and tastes delicious. The mutton is steamed to perfection and there is a snack stall at the entrance of the restaurant.
+
+**Silk Road Xiangfei·Xinjiang Restaurant**
+
+Silk Road Xiangfei Xinjiang Restaurant is the largest halal restaurant in Chongqing. It is located in Area A of Liujia Wharf on the edge of the Jialing River. Opposite is the popular Jiangjing business district in Chongqing, and you can overlook Hongya Cave.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v80gdf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/trykca.jpg)
+
+△There will be ethnic song and dance performances in the evening.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z838wu.jpg)
+
+**△Iron barbecue**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dol4o1.jpg)
+
+**△Steamed beef brisket with sprouts**
+
+This Xinjiang restaurant also has local Chongqing recipes, but the taste of the Chongqing dishes is a little less interesting. It is not as delicious as the Chongqing dishes in Dunhuang House. It should not be difficult to find a chef in Chongqing who can cook local dishes.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vjmkq4.jpg)
+
+**△Exploded tripe**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sa2ci2.jpg)
+
+**△Naan grilled pizza**
+
+If you don’t want to eat something too spicy and want to have a dinner together, I recommend Silu Xiangfei.
+
+**Longxing Tower**
+
+When returning to Beijing, I departed from the domestic terminal of Chongqing Jiangbei Airport T3. After passing the security check, I could see this halal ramen restaurant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/agkfm6.jpg)
+
+**△Longxinglou·Lanzhou Beef Ramen**
+
+It is another alcohol-free restaurant. The proportion of non-alcohol restaurants in Chongqing seems to be more than half. It is really gratifying to have such a proportion in an area where halal catering is not developed. I hope that these restaurants can have a prosperous business and caterers will have good luck in their lifetime.
+
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Mosques_Near_Beijing__Huailai_and_Zhuolu_Qingming_Road_Trip__Part_One.md b/content/Hidden_Mosques_Near_Beijing__Huailai_and_Zhuolu_Qingming_Road_Trip__Part_One.md
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3262a6196c2094f8c167bade3bcdd3b7d04e9d19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Hidden_Mosques_Near_Beijing__Huailai_and_Zhuolu_Qingming_Road_Trip__Part_One.md
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+---
+title: "Hidden Mosques Near Beijing: Huailai and Zhuolu Qingming Road Trip, Part One"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2660"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2660"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:47Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "1a19f34c9fe2b672924d003fd9c6cef11997bfa2c9e56cc82d00ff9773b85593"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Mosques Near Beijing: Huailai and Zhuolu Qingming Road Trip, Part One
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Qingming road trip leaves Beijing for Huailai and Zhuolu in Hebei, visiting old mosques, Hui Muslim communities, village streets, and local history in the first half of the route.
+
+During the Qingming holiday, I took a two-day road trip to Huailai and Zhuolu counties in Zhangjiakou, Hebei. I visited four ancient mosques and tried the local food. I left home after breakfast on Saturday and didn't reach Shacheng until noon because of highway traffic. At Ma Laoda in the county seat, I ate cornmeal dumplings (nieba), yellow rice cake (huanggao), braised carp, stewed Chinese cabbage with yam, and beef stew. Prices here are much lower than in Beijing. A bowl of corn noodles costs 10 yuan, and a large carp is 28 yuan.
+
+Cornmeal dumplings (nieba) and yellow rice cake (huanggao) are both rustic snacks from Zhangjiakou. Cornmeal dumplings (nieba) are made from a mix of cornmeal and wheat flour. The texture is just right, and the side of pickled mustard greens adds a great flavor.
+
+Yellow rice cake (huanggao) is made from local broomcorn millet that is peeled and ground into flour. It is soft and chewy, much like African fufu. You pinch off a piece and dip it into the broth from the stewed Chinese cabbage and yam.
+
+The large carp is a reservoir fish from Guanting Reservoir, braised to perfection. It tastes great, doesn't have many bones, and has no muddy aftertaste. I really enjoyed it.
+
+The only issue was that their beef stew was spicy, so the kids couldn't eat it.
+
+Shacheng Castle was built in 1451 (the second year of the Jingtai reign of the Ming Dynasty). It was constructed after the Tumu Crisis to defend the northwest of the capital. To boost the population and strengthen the capital's defenses, the Ming government repeatedly ordered people from Shaanxi and Shanxi to move to the area south of the Zhangjiakou dam to farm and settle. They farmed during peacetime and served as soldiers during wartime. This is how some Hui Muslims settled in Huailai. After the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway opened in 1909, a station was built in Shacheng. The town became a busy commercial hub, and the population grew quickly. In 1951, the old Huailai county seat was flooded to build the Guanting Reservoir, and Shacheng became the new seat of Huailai County.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/frfssr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6tiuxt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zupneq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1teev2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/es92ba.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z6iegq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sn8xyo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t5m80g.jpg)
+
+After eating in Shacheng, I headed to the nearby Ganji Liang Village, the closest Hui Muslim village to the Huailai county seat.
+
+Ganji Liang Village was originally called Gan Jilang. The main family there was the Han Chinese Gan family, but they later moved away, and the Zheng family, who are Hui Muslims, became the main residents. The Zheng family is a major Hui Muslim clan in Zhangjiakou. Their ancestors moved from Shaanxi in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, first to Huailai, and then spread throughout Zhangjiakou. The most famous member of the Zheng family in Zhangjiakou was Zheng Kuishi. He was a well-known late Qing Hui Muslim general. He joined the army in the early Daoguang years and fought against the Taiping Rebellion during the Xianfeng years. He served in Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, and Anhui, earned many military honors, was given the title Shalama Batulu, and was awarded a yellow riding jacket. During the Tongzhi reign, he served as the acting Zhili provincial commander, guarding the capital region and suppressing the Nian Rebellion in Zhili to keep the capital safe. In his later years, he returned home to work on water conservancy, building the Yonggu Dam to manage the Liu River. He also repaired the Zhenshuo Tower and Four Archways in Xuanhua and opened the Huoshi Slope road to improve transportation. He was highly respected locally.
+
+The Ganji Liang Mosque was built during the Qianlong reign and is a standard courtyard-style building. The main hall from the Qing Dynasty is still well-preserved and features beautiful brick carvings. Unfortunately, the religious life in Ganji Liang Village has declined, and imams come and go. There is currently no imam at the mosque, and it looks abandoned. The main hall is covered in dust and rubble, and the backyard is overgrown with weeds.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bkf0hu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p74bhj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zbbcqs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3xu1o8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/84wq7m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i16a8u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wntf71.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ja0d79.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c38zo2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ces9mu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xl0lvc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cllbwr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gf5dsn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/an6aay.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ujfdoz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b5i3sf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/byzp3p.jpg)
+
+Inside the main hall, there is a wooden board with ink writing that records the history of the mosque: it was built by the community during the Qianlong reign, expanded in the sixth year of the Xianfeng reign, and land was purchased in the fourteenth year of the Daoguang reign. All the donors listed were from the local Zheng family. Unfortunately, it is hard to see the second half clearly because it was not well preserved.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2rfjck.jpg)
+
+Ganjiliang Village is built on a mountain ridge. Below the ridge are terraced fields, and on top are wind turbines. The wind here is much stronger than in Beijing.
+
+Because of the terrain, Ganjiliang developed more slowly than the surrounding plains, which helped it keep more of its Qing Dynasty houses. Like many traditional villages, you rarely see young people here. Mostly, only the elderly remain.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t579pn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/arsre1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qzs6pp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ajs1s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/29he72.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d6lllr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cazk2g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a64vv4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sjw2jg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/prwy5u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ximt69.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kpaxq6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gct9qc.jpg)
+
+After leaving Ganjiliang Village, we went to another old mosque, Mayukou Mosque. Mayukou is in Wangjialou Hui Muslim Township in Huailai, an area where many Hui Muslims live. We received a warm welcome from Imam Yang at the mosque. Imam Yang keeps the mosque in great order. Later, the assistant imam (hou ahong) invited us to eat dumplings made by the local women elders during Ramadan.
+
+Xingwang Fortress was built in Mayukou during the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty. It was one of the border forts built in the early Ming period to defend against the Northern Yuan. Hui Muslims settled in Mayukou in the mid-Qing Dynasty, and the Mayukou Mosque they built is now 200 years old. Mayukou Mosque and Ganjiliang Mosque have the same layout, consisting of a main prayer hall, north and south side rooms, and a front gate. The main prayer halls of Mayukou Mosque and Ganjiliang Mosque are also identical. They serve as typical examples of Qing Dynasty mosque halls in the border fort regions of Hebei. The difference is that the gate of Mayukou Mosque may have been rebuilt later. It is taller than the one at Ganjiliang Mosque and features beautiful brick carvings. It is a pity that the mosque renovated the side rooms and the interior of the main hall last year, so we could not see the traditional calligraphy preserved inside.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sobsc6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/30maot.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/holkhf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t9czoo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/awb2kb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v2ikvp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zac5rk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xwi096.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/spuvcv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/omlu8a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gtzf39.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fepnbn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e7pzvh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j29238.jpg)
+
+**Scenery of Mayukou Village.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5sxt3y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9ka84.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cj1gjn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/besrqx.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Mosques_Near_Beijing__Huailai_and_Zhuolu_Qingming_Road_Trip__Part_Two.md b/content/Hidden_Mosques_Near_Beijing__Huailai_and_Zhuolu_Qingming_Road_Trip__Part_Two.md
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+++ b/content/Hidden_Mosques_Near_Beijing__Huailai_and_Zhuolu_Qingming_Road_Trip__Part_Two.md
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+---
+title: "Hidden Mosques Near Beijing: Huailai and Zhuolu Qingming Road Trip, Part Two"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2662"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2662"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:46Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "173750db35e01c3bf35b612680388f2e6db9619c7b03f72bbf6fbd590182f36a"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Mosques Near Beijing: Huailai and Zhuolu Qingming Road Trip, Part Two
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This second Huailai and Zhuolu road trip entry continues through Hebei mosque sites, local Hui Muslim stories, village routes, and Qingming travel notes from the original Chinese article.
+
+In the last post, we had lunch in Shacheng Town, Huailai, Hebei, and visited two old mosques in Ganji Liang and Mayukou. See 'Visiting Old Mosques in Huailai and Zhuolu, Hebei during the Qingming Holiday (Part 1)'. In this part, we head to Xinbao'an Town and Zhuolu County to experience the local Islamic culture.
+
+On April 5, we had breakfast in Xinbao'an Town, Huailai, Hebei. We arrived a bit late, so the soft tofu (laodoufu) and brown sugar flatbread (shaobing) were sold out. We had a steamer of buns with fried tofu soup, and Suleiman really enjoyed the purple rice porridge.
+
+Xinbao'an Town is a key town on the ancient Beijing-Zhangjiakou road, with a post station built as early as the Yuan Dynasty. After the Tumu Crisis in the Ming Dynasty, a city was built here in 1451 (the second year of the Jingtai reign) to strengthen the northern defense line of Beijing. The Bao'an Garrison, originally located in Zhuolu, was moved here, and it has been called Bao'an New City ever since. After the Qing Dynasty, Xinbao'an gradually changed from a military town to a commercial hub, connecting Beijing and Zhangjiakou.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3fpw77.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k1mm23.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wqdma3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5siq21.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a6a2di.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lmz5a7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gsax2v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3qh1eh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d6piow.jpg)
+
+At the Xinbao'an town market, we bought old-fashioned five-nut mooncakes (wuren yuebing) and honey cakes at a roadside bakery. They were made that day and were perfect as tea snacks.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/40rqhq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m9t7vc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ipmeq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h8h6zl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/913g01.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fghkpc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7fx12q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lqd5ta.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zs23cf.jpg)
+
+After breakfast, we went to the Hui Muslim residential area in the northwest of the old town to visit the famous 'Nine-Link Courtyard' (Jiulianhuan Dayuan). This was originally a wealthy merchant's residence in the Qing Dynasty. Later, the merchant declined and Hui Muslims moved in, so it is also called the 'Hui Muslim Courtyard'. The gate of the courtyard is very beautiful and is a classic example of Qing Dynasty residential style in Zhangjiakou, featuring complex brick, wood, and stone carvings. The courtyard was caught in the fighting during the 1948 Battle of Xinbao'an, and you can still see clear bullet marks today.
+
+The Hui Muslims in Xinbao'an mainly have the surnames Liang and Zheng. The Liang family's ancestors moved from Nanjing to Liangjiapo, Weinan, Shaanxi, in the late Ming Dynasty during the Chongzhen reign. In 1677 (the 16th year of the Kangxi reign), they moved to Xinbao'an Town to farm and guard the capital. During the Qianlong reign, the Liang family began doing business in Zhangjiakou. By the Tongzhi reign, their camel caravans reached as far as Kulun in Outer Mongolia and Lanzhou. They later opened five shops known as the 'Five Great Guangs'.
+
+The Zheng family shares the same origin as those in nearby Huailai and Zhuolu counties. Their ancestors moved from Shaanxi in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, first to Shacheng Town in Huailai, then spreading to Wangjialou, Yanzhuang, Xinbao'an, Xuanhua, and Zhangjiakou. Zheng Kuishi was a famous Hui Muslim general in the late Qing Dynasty. He fought against the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom during the Xianfeng reign, won many battles, was given the title 'Shalama Baturu', and was awarded a yellow riding jacket. During the Tongzhi reign, he served as the acting Zhili provincial commander, guarding the capital region and suppressing the Nian Rebellion in Zhili to keep the capital safe. In his later years, he returned home to work on water conservancy, building the Yonggu Dam to manage the Liu River. He also repaired the Zhenshuo Tower and Four Archways in Xuanhua and opened the Huoshi Slope road to improve transportation. He was highly respected locally.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8cd274.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/16eu7d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h3ujf8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aqkbai.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x8fvx6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/suc124.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ehcpfx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ww1x0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ujgsu0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7jb204.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4b5a81.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gd9a7w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3fsnl5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sxkyhb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cpog8i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bofxwl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hh36h6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6pbg86.jpg)
+
+Xinbao'an Mosque is right next to the Nine-Link Hui Muslim Courtyard. Some say it was built in 1621 (the first year of the Tianqi reign), while others say it was built in 1677 (the 16th year of the Kangxi reign). The main hall consists of a front hall, a middle hall, and a rear kiln hall. It is larger than other old mosques in Huailai and still has beautiful brick carvings, though the moon-watching tower on the kiln hall roof is gone.
+
+During the 1948 Pingjin Campaign, Xinbao'an was a key battlefield. The Xinbao'an Mosque became the command post for the Nationalist 35th Army, and the walls of the main hall are still covered in bullet marks. In 2008, the mosque was listed as a Hebei Provincial Cultural Relic Protection Unit under the name 'Site of the Battle of Xinbao'an—Command Post of the Nationalist 35th Army'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tr3iyz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i0v7he.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0slnzd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0op2k3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/75kccx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s5wx20.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qy2856.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lj441w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zphxc3.jpg)
+
+The only remaining stone tablet at Xinbao'an Mosque is likely a donation tablet, which lists many business names.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6h8sh2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f169no.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6cj1e3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xedx3a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/642v32.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/36ip55.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fgsenx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0dfpgy.jpg)
+
+We drove from Xinbao'an Town to Zhuolu County to visit another old mosque in Zhangjiakou—Zhuolu Mosque.
+
+Zhuolu Mosque is located in the east gate area of the county. It was first built during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty. It is a famous historic mosque north of Beijing and was listed as a key cultural relic protection site in Hebei Province in 2008. The main hall of Zhuolu Mosque is made of three connected hard-mountain roofs with a front porch. Behind the kiln hall stands an 11-meter-high octagonal spire-roofed Moon-Watching Tower (wangyuelou), which is more spectacular than the common hexagonal spire roofs found in North China. Wind bells hang on the Moon-Watching Tower. When the wind blows, the bells ring, creating a refreshing and soothing sound. A wooden partition screen is built between the main hall and the kiln hall, featuring a unique design of the Basmala (tasimi) written in hard-pen calligraphy.
+
+The Hui Muslims in Zhuolu are mainly of the Shan surname. The Shan family are descendants of Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din. One branch originally came from Shanjia Gou in Xi'an Prefecture, Shaanxi. They moved to Zhuolu during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, and during the Qianlong period, they built the Shan Family Nine-Linked Ring Courtyard in the west gate area. The Shan family is known for their military service. Five members once passed the military imperial examinations, and they were known as the 'Five Dragons of the Shan Family'. The east gate area where Zhuolu Mosque is located was also a residential area for Hui Muslims. It once had alleys named after local Hui Muslim families: Ma Family Alley (Majia Xiang), Fei Family Alley (Feijia Xiang), and Shan Family Alley (Shanjia Xiang). Unfortunately, the east gate area was demolished in 2018, and only the mosque was preserved.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i122be.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a65xgl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kg1fdo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dm1tvo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lktll8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/610st7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0vo7z8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zi5ekc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1nxby9.jpg)
+
+Zhuolu Mosque is famous for its exquisite brick carvings. The brick carvings on the sides of the three-room hard-mountain main hall are all different. Inside the main hall, there are eighteen precious murals featuring themes of plum blossoms, orchids, bamboo, chrysanthemums, landscapes, and utensils, which are very rare in the main halls of mosques.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q613rl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3r5waq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q19rcr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yr7ijm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ipo5oc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ysefjp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/17tdnw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y329zn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zfycr9.jpg)
+
+Plaques inside Zhuolu Mosque:
+
+**The 'Wanxiang Zhenzong' plaque from 1809 (the 14th year of the Jiaqing reign).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f0ffjv.jpg)
+
+**The 'Daotong Tianren' plaque from 1859 (the 9th year of the Xianfeng reign).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ckc1pe.jpg)
+
+**The 'Zhenshi Wuwang' plaque from 1870 (the 9th year of the Tongzhi reign).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4461on.jpg)
+
+The 'Tianxiu Wohe' plaque from 1919, which is the only one with an inscription, signed by 'Shan Xiangchen'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pg8iai.jpg)
+
+At noon, I returned to Shacheng Town in Huailai for lunch. At Qingyizhai, I had lamb and mushroom with oat noodles (youmian wowo), stir-fried millet with chive flowers, and a clay pot of winter melon and meatballs. The prices at restaurants here are cheaper than in Beijing, and the food is delicious.
+
+The lamb and mushroom dish had quite a few potatoes, but it was stir-fried well. There were several types of mushrooms, making it fresh, fragrant, and rich. The oat noodles were firm and chewy, carrying the unique, natural wheat aroma of whole grains. It was my first time eating stir-fried millet with chive flowers. The taste was slightly salty. The golden millet grains were dry and distinct, mixed with the unique spicy fragrance of chive flowers, giving it a coarse yet refreshing texture. The winter melon and meatball soup was the most amazing. The clear soup with meatballs was especially good—firm and bouncy. It tasted better than what I make myself, and one bite told me there wasn't much starch, as it was mostly meat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wifct5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/65hzjp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h0q6wo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dyqdgy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/89dy1j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n00kdp.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Mosques_Near_Chengdu__Renshou_Qinggang_Hui_Community_and_Sichuan_Beef_Bro.md b/content/Hidden_Mosques_Near_Chengdu__Renshou_Qinggang_Hui_Community_and_Sichuan_Beef_Bro.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..28d1c49940dca121297814c53f545ec080496572
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Hidden_Mosques_Near_Chengdu__Renshou_Qinggang_Hui_Community_and_Sichuan_Beef_Bro.md
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+---
+title: "Hidden Mosques Near Chengdu: Renshou Qinggang Hui Community and Sichuan Beef Broth"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2645"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2645"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:43Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "ffb776dc12178f210b5387564059307eed7df7d66ce9a00ba13c7ee3776696f1"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Mosques Near Chengdu: Renshou Qinggang Hui Community and Sichuan Beef Broth
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Qinggang Township in Renshou County, Meishan City is described as the first Hui Muslim community south of Chengdu. This Spring Festival road-trip note keeps the source's Maqing Ecological Farmhouse meal, Qinggang Hui migration history, Renshou Mosque dates, imam details, and photographs.
+
+On February 17, I flew from Urumqi to Chengdu Tianfu Airport in the morning. I picked up a car at the parking garage and drove for over 40 minutes to reach Qinggang Township in Renshou County, Meishan City. This is the first Hui Muslim community south of Chengdu.
+
+At noon, I ordered a bowl of original broth beef (yuantang niurou) at the Maqing Ecological Farmhouse in the township. It was authentic and tasted great with rice when dipped in chili powder. Parking at their place is very convenient.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gpsfls.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bvhu41.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f2wjcs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2hpwyh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rgt86h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bov5fi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2tttgx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g3x662.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ceo7vw.jpg)
+
+**The village scenery is very beautiful.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/he2v20.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j8gh3u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w6wiyd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8xay0v.jpg)
+
+**A halal restaurant on Halal Street (Qingzhen Jie).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wy1kxi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cxeo90.jpg)
+
+Qinggang Township was originally called Qinggangya. Most local Hui Muslims moved here from Xiaogan Township in Macheng County, Hubei, during the 'Huguang Fills Sichuan' migration in the Kangxi era. They first settled in Yinjia Dam in Longchang, Sichuan, then moved to Qinggangya in Renshou during the Qianlong era, making a living through farming, animal husbandry, and the food business.
+
+Renshou Mosque was first built in 1803 (the eighth year of the Jiaqing reign). It was rebuilt in 1919 as a wooden-frame courtyard with small grey tiles in the style of southern Sichuan. In recent years, the mosque was rebuilt due to issues like rotting roof beams and pillars, cracked walls, and a leaking roof. When I arrived, the main hall courtyard had already been rebuilt. It still follows the southern Sichuan courtyard layout but is now taller. Inside the main hall, there is beautiful traditional calligraphy written by Imam Ma. Imam Ma is from Xichang, Sichuan, and is just over thirty years old. He gave up a promising career to come here and serve the faith, which is very admirable.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uu4e04.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mec3zc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zgxh9c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ly7fyc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l8vuvs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0nsvg6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/97jj72.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/alsqr6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f4y849.jpg)
+
+From the eighth year of the Jiaqing reign, the plaque reads 'Ancient Religion of Opening Heaven' (Kaitian Gujiao), presented by Ma XX, a military official of the Chengdu Left Battalion stationed in Renshou. The right side is hard to read, and I welcome everyone to help complete it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6mgzw4.jpg)
+
+**From the 25th year of the Daoguang reign, the plaque reads 'Unique' (Duyi Wuer), presented by Ma Pengcheng, a thousand-man commander of the Zhangying Battalion stationed in Renshou.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tcpre5.jpg)
+
+From the eighth year of the Republic of China, the plaque reads 'Utmost Stillness and Silence' (Zhijing Wuwen), marking the mosque's reconstruction, erected by nine people of the Cai family from the 'Kai' generation.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ib3q9.jpg)
+
+From the eighth year of the Republic of China, the plaque reads 'A Different World' (Bie You Yitian), marking the mosque's reconstruction, presented by Han Chinese residents of Qinggang. This inscription is extremely rare.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2z7r33.jpg)
+
+From the eighth year of the Republic of China, the plaque reads 'Mosque' (Qingzhensi), erected by the mosque committee members.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nb0dks.jpg)
+
+The mosque houses a Qing Dynasty 'Long Live' stele, which is carved with nine coiled dragons.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9hw0zl.jpg)
+
+There are old Republic-era architectural niches and stone tablets, which I hope will be properly preserved in the future.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/48iw6l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s8gqnn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yarfpd.jpg)
+
+There is a Qing Dynasty carved wooden block; one side shows the Holy Image, and the other side contains praises to the Prophet.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sbvlet.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dfrttt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/38jdl8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8pc6uh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/19fduq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4i0vd7.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Guangyuan_Qingchuan__Qingxi_Ancient_Town_and_Sichuan_Hui_Musli.md b/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Guangyuan_Qingchuan__Qingxi_Ancient_Town_and_Sichuan_Hui_Musli.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8bd0b7ed01f839be961cfabbdbc66bf005137997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Guangyuan_Qingchuan__Qingxi_Ancient_Town_and_Sichuan_Hui_Musli.md
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+---
+title: "Hidden Mosques in Guangyuan Qingchuan: Qingxi Ancient Town and Sichuan Hui Muslim History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2668"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2668"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:49Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "f87797bb7991fa03774182fefb1aeee42f88b44770f3871499b854ae1abec59c"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Mosques in Guangyuan Qingchuan: Qingxi Ancient Town and Sichuan Hui Muslim History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Sichuan road trip reaches Qingxi Ancient Town in Qingchuan County, Guangyuan, recording the old town, local Muslim history, route details, and mosque-related travel notes.
+
+I drove from Dayuan Hui Muslim Township in Qingchuan County, Guangyuan, to Qingxi Ancient City for iftar. Although there were only two tables and ten people at Qingxi Mosque, the atmosphere was wonderful and felt just like being at home. Aunties cooked dishes on-site at the mosque, and elders brought food from their homes, making it very heartwarming. We ate the Qingxi Hui Muslim nine-bowl feast (jiudawan), which is a standard banquet meal. It included clear-stewed meat, crispy fried meat (xiao su rou), steamed meat with flour (fen zheng rou), braised chicken, and cabbage with kelp. It was a mix of meat and vegetables, all very home-style. After the meal, the elders and the imam kindly gave me some stewed meat, fried dough (youxiang), and fruit to eat for suhoor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ezd6o0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v61sz4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wjlhuf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sgaped.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j8b8k9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w5oj5d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h3rcru.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ryxtcc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pjzu6k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dy66zj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zlmaav.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xqw6v6.jpg)
+
+Qingxi Ancient City was an important pass on the Yinping Road. It is known as the gateway to northern Sichuan and the throat of western Shu, and it has always been a place where merchants gathered and armies fought for control. Since the Ming Dynasty, Hui Muslims from Shaanxi and Gansu settled in Qingxi along the ancient Yinping Road, and Qingxi Mosque was officially built in 1546, the 25th year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty. The current mosque buildings were rebuilt in 1982.
+
+There is a 400-year-old honey locust tree in the mosque, which is an important witness to the ancient site.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xr9vbc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xjk6vl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3lg799.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lcd24e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tb2xt9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7qry8f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c1wmnb.jpg)
+
+**Fried dough (youxiang) and chicken for suhoor.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iqldvg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7yo6m4.jpg)
+
+Qingxi Ancient City at night. There are many Hui Muslim eateries on the street. You can find fried cakes (yougao), crispy biscuits (cuisubing), stir-fry restaurants serving braised meat, steamed meat with flour (fen zheng rou), and twice-cooked meat (huiguorou), snack shops selling beef stewed with flatbread (niurou huimo) and wontons (chaoshou), and restaurants serving copper hot pot. The variety is very rich. Some ancient towns and cities in Sichuan with rich Hui Muslim food, such as Dujiangyan, Songpan, and Langzhong, are especially worth visiting. I think Qingxi Ancient Town has fewer tourists, and it is a great place to escape the summer heat deep in the Qinba Mountains.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p0vdfu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w8gryr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9hxh14.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5d22nw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rrii05.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qvz01v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2rqchd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bmbe4q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mp2lw8.jpg)
+
+The area outside the east gate of Qingxi Ancient City is where most Hui Muslims live. It has now been unified into a Hui Muslim cultural area with many Hui Muslim restaurants and snack shops where you can eat beef copper hot pot and the Hui Muslim nine-bowl feast (jiudawan).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/549ota.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wsy8r3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ndtrbt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fq7o1p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f0aw0s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s8478p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yc80is.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gv2o37.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fxybty.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Guangyuan__Shanghe_Street__Jialing_River_and_Sichuan_Hui_Musli.md b/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Guangyuan__Shanghe_Street__Jialing_River_and_Sichuan_Hui_Musli.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8739c088997b1d9eb6e9005a9f25b0bb8a43b06d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Guangyuan__Shanghe_Street__Jialing_River_and_Sichuan_Hui_Musli.md
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+---
+title: "Hidden Mosques in Guangyuan: Shanghe Street, Jialing River and Sichuan Hui Muslim History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2663"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2663"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:37Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "8898a08d4a552cb833ebabfce324a2be11734c7d231fb1e402e62f4c6c805783"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Mosques in Guangyuan: Shanghe Street, Jialing River and Sichuan Hui Muslim History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Guangyuan stop follows Shanghe Street by the Jialing River, old mosque history, Hui Muslim community details, and the next stage of a Spring Festival road trip through Sichuan.
+
+I traveled back along the Jialing River gorge from the Nine Wells, with river breezes and mountain shadows for company, and arrived at the Shanghe Street Mosque in Guangyuan just in time for iftar. The mosque was undergoing repairs during my visit, so prayers and iftar were held on the second floor. The layout was simple, but the atmosphere was incredibly quiet and solemn.
+
+Guangyuan sits at the junction of Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces, serving as a key hub for water and land transport. The worshippers here are diverse, including friends (dost) from the northwest, international students studying here, and local elders who have lived here for generations. Their shared devotion creates a peaceful and inclusive environment.
+
+The iftar meal was simple and home-style: warm and flavorful beef stewed with carrots (huluobo dun niurou), refreshing stir-fried wood ear mushrooms with asparagus lettuce (wosun chao mu'er), light and soothing kelp stewed with white radish (bailuobo dun haidai), plus cold glass noodles (liangban fensi) and pickled radish. It was simple, solid, steady, and healing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q17flq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zjk0kg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yx6a3t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/389uvz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wmufu2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8o1r3f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3r6d8b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ef1lj8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5bmq4k.jpg)
+
+The Shanghe Street Mosque in Guangyuan stands quietly by the Jialing River, right outside the bustling Jialing River Pedestrian Street. River breezes blow gently, and tourist boats shuttle back and forth at the pier in a constant stream, full of the lively noise of the city. Stepping into the mosque to quietly perform Taraweeh prayers, I felt deeply moved. Just one window away, the world outside is filled with the hustle and bustle of traffic and the busy, worldly life. Inside the window is a clean and peaceful place for spiritual practice, a quiet harbor to rest one's heart. The noise of the world and the peace of the ancient mosque blend together, creating a moment of stillness and a spiritual home by the busy river.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ne5hhc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ee9o0t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f56joe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3xo4l5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ibxmpo.jpg)
+
+Guangyuan had a mosque built on East Street in the old city as early as the Yuan and Ming dynasties, but it was destroyed at the end of the Ming Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty, the commercial center of Guangyuan gradually moved from East Street to the banks of the Jialing River. Therefore, local Hui Muslims built the Shanghe Street Mosque in 1721 (the 60th year of the Kangxi reign), though some say it started in 1674, and it was expanded in 1777 (the 42nd year of the Qianlong reign).
+
+The mosque now houses nine precious plaques from the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China era. In the 1960s and 1970s, these plaques were covered with layers of paper and painted red with slogans about national unity, which is how they survived. These nine plaques are now hung on the walls of the stairs and corridors inside the mosque.
+
+The 'Mosque' (Qingzhensi) plaque from 1748 (the 13th year of the Qianlong reign) was rebuilt by the community in the 10th year of the Republic of China.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uu1oif.jpg)
+
+The 'Recognize Allah as One' (Renzhu Wu'er) plaque from 1803 (the 8th year of the Jiaqing reign) was presented by the imperial-appointed Baturu Min Huaixi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kjhfs8.jpg)
+
+The 'Pure and True' (Qi Qing Li Zhen) plaque from 1811 (the 16th year of the Jiaqing reign) was set up by Geng Ziyu, a garrison commander in Guangyuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qileub.jpg)
+
+The small-character stone plaque from 1849 (the 29th year of the Daoguang reign) was written by Min Zhengfeng, the Governor of Guangxi, and records the historical facts of religious policy disputes regarding Hui Muslims during the Yongzheng reign and the imperial court's protection of Islam.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tme85a.jpg)
+
+The 'Penetrating the Dust' (Guanche Weichen) plaque from 1873 (the 12th year of the Tongzhi reign) was set up by Jiang Guolin, an imperial-appointed garrison commander in Guangyuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bqvj86.jpg)
+
+The 'Only Pure and Only One' (Wei Jing Wei Yi) plaque from 1873 (the 12th year of the Tongzhi reign) was set up by Ma Dengchao, an imperial-appointed garrison officer in Guangyuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kh559x.jpg)
+
+The 'Branch of the Holy Religion' (Zhi Wei Sheng Jiao) plaque from the Guangxu reign was presented by Mu Xiangfu, a garrison commander in Guangyuan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mt8c8u.jpg)
+
+The 'Spreading the Faith' (Dao Chan Tian Fang) plaque from 1925 was inscribed by Liu Cunhou, the Commissioner of Sichuan-Shaanxi Border Defense and Inspector of the Sichuan Army.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w2wklz.jpg)
+
+The 'Renewing Religious Affairs' (Jiaowu Weixin) plaque from 1932 was set up by the Guangyuan Hui Muslim Funeral Assistance Association.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r9njg7.jpg)
+
+After finishing the Taraweeh prayers, I went behind the mosque to have some beef stew with flatbread (huimo). Because Guangyuan is close to Shaanxi and Gansu, the locals love eating huimo, which makes their food different from the rest of Sichuan. Guangyuan huimo is very different from Shaanxi-style soaked flatbread (paomo) because the bread is served in large, soft chunks that do not fall apart. The broth is made from beef bones and includes plenty of glass noodles. It is popular to eat huimo for breakfast in Guangyuan, but restaurants actually sell it all day long. Zhouji and Lao Mu Jia on Shanghe Street both serve huimo, and Lao Mu Jia stays open later.
+
+The Mu-surname Hui Muslims in Guangyuan migrated from Shaanxi and Gansu along the Jialing River during the mid-Qing Dynasty. Most live in Mujiapo in Datian Town, and they run restaurants in places like the Guangyuan city center and Jiange County where you can taste local Hui Muslim specialties.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kp6c32.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m2krpc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mpkhyp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ejfkwn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/73i51k.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Leshan__Luocheng_Ancient_Town__Hui_Muslim_Families_and_Sichuan.md b/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Leshan__Luocheng_Ancient_Town__Hui_Muslim_Families_and_Sichuan.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..acf1f59f23b664ea1eb10eb5d9adc4be7dd4b2e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Leshan__Luocheng_Ancient_Town__Hui_Muslim_Families_and_Sichuan.md
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+---
+title: "Hidden Mosques in Leshan: Luocheng Ancient Town, Hui Muslim Families and Sichuan History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2648"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2648"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:45Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "4a9c07e1c3831eded26cbefe40fb7edd5634a809cb43351fe5860ca03d1c2d9a"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Mosques in Leshan: Luocheng Ancient Town, Hui Muslim Families and Sichuan History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Sichuan mosque road trip reaches Luocheng Ancient Town in Leshan, where Luocheng Mosque, local Hui Muslim family histories, and old-town streets show a deeper side of Muslim life in southwest China.
+
+It takes an hour to drive south from Renshou Mosque to reach Luocheng Ancient Town in Qianwei County, Leshan. The ancient town was first built in 1628 (the first year of the Chongzhen reign of the Ming Dynasty) and gradually took its final shape during the Qing Dynasty. It served as a land port and a frontier military hub for Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou.
+
+The town's parking lot is at the West Gate. Once you park and enter the town, you can see Luocheng Mosque (Luocheng Si) on the far west side. The first time I visited, the imam was away, so I had to go back a second time to get inside. Imam Su at Luocheng Mosque is a local Hui Muslim. During the Spring Festival, the mosque is crowded with visitors. Imam Su patiently explains things to everyone, answering questions about the faith and Hui Muslim customs. It is very rare to see someone so dedicated to helping more people understand the faith. According to Imam Su, there were still a few Hui Muslim restaurants in Luocheng Ancient Town a few years ago, but they have all closed down. The mosque now hosts a grand Mawlid (Shengji) celebration every year, which is the best time to taste local Hui Muslim food in Luocheng.
+
+The Hui Muslims in Luocheng are mainly from the Su, Cai, Zhang, Ma, Hai, Chen, and Li families. The Su and Cai families moved here from Shaoyang, Hunan, in 1671 (the tenth year of the Kangxi reign) during the 'Huguang fills Sichuan' migration. The Zhang family moved from Qinggang Township in Renshou during the Jiaqing reign, and the Ma family moved from Hunan during the same period, with another branch arriving from Neijiang and Rong County. The Hai family moved from Yinjia Ba in Longchang during the Guangxu reign, the Chen family moved from Xichengge in Yibin during the Guangxu reign, and the Li family moved from Longchang during the Republic of China era.
+
+Luocheng Ancient Town once had four ancient mosques. In 1744 (the ninth year of the Qianlong reign), Su Tianshi, Su Tianming, and Cai Hongshan led a fundraising effort to build the Luocheng North Mosque at Xiajiapo, north of Luocheng. It was the first mosque in the town. In 1807 (the twelfth year of the Jiaqing reign), as the economic situation of the Hui Muslims in Luocheng improved and the North Mosque was relatively far from the town, the mosque was moved to Ganjiyuan on the east side of Luocheng, becoming known as the Luocheng East Mosque. In 1808 (the thirteenth year of the Jiaqing reign), Hui Muslim families living on the south side of Luocheng—the Ma, Su, Zhang, and Luo families—led by Su Hengtai, raised funds together to build the Luocheng South Mosque at Daping in the south of the town.
+
+The current Luocheng Mosque, also called the West Mosque, was actually the last of the four mosques to be built. In 1876 (the second year of the Guangxu reign), Cai Chunfang, Cai Mingde, Hai Fengwan, Cai Yunxiang, Cai Yunlian, Cai Yunchang, Ma Youzhen, Su Minghai, Ma Chaokai, Ma Shenglu, and others funded the construction of the Luocheng West Mosque on the west side of the town entrance. The West Mosque is a small blue-tiled courtyard structure with a three-bay main hall. In 1995, the entrance hall was converted into a two-story building, resulting in its current form.
+
+In modern times, Luocheng produced two famous local imams: Su Dexun and Zhang Xueqing. Su Dexun served as the imam at Luocheng Mosque for 40 years, from 1949 to 1952 and from 1960 to 1997. In 1954, he attended a Sichuan minority delegation to study in various places. He was very open-minded and held in high regard by the Hui Muslims in Luocheng. In his later years, he insisted on serving as the imam at his local mosque until he passed away (gui zhen) in 1997 at the age of 86. Zhang Xueqing served as the imam at Luocheng Mosque from 1941 to 1949, then moved to Kangding Mosque to serve as imam until he passed away (gui zhen) in 1984. He studied Arabic, Persian, and Chinese. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he founded the Hui Muslim Anti-Japanese National Salvation Association. He was deeply respected by the people in Kangding and made great contributions to maintaining ethnic unity and social stability.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7d6196.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z48ohy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/41c93f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5dkz47.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fhsoky.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pj5xb4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hllr1u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ghbwzx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2ra2lz.jpg)
+
+Exquisite wood carvings on the front porch of the main hall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nkt9s4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mkj01l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qtf1ew.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p626n4.jpg)
+
+In the mosque's exhibition hall, you can see various handwritten scriptures: 'Su Yushui and Zhang Shaonan of the South Mosque invited Liang'an Ma Ahong to respectfully copy the entire Heavenly Scripture, bound in the 33rd year of Guangxu' and 'Respectfully invited Diannan Shaoxuan Sa Ahong to copy this in the auspicious mid-spring of the Wuxu year of Guangxu, noted by the owner of Jiuxian Hall.'
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/36e9e3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sktzjf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r2qs4i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zwalyb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fsqovw.jpg)
+
+The only plaque at Luocheng Mosque with a specific date is the 'Ti Yong Hun Ran' plaque at the South Mosque. It is inscribed: 'In celebration of the completion of the South Mosque, respectfully presented by the fellow believers of Ganziyuan, on a lucky day in the second month of summer, in the year of Xinsi, the seventh year of the Guangxu reign.' There are four other plaques—'Zui Chu Wu Cheng,' 'Wu Sheng Wu Chou,' 'Shi Shou Liang Gui,' and 'You Jiao Wu Lei'—that were likely inscribed during the Qing Dynasty. However, their inscriptions were cut off during a turbulent period, so the specific details are unknown.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rut6mq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n8bqd3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kt243i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nu0lu4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sr8wia.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rwaagy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xusmi7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n6cdj3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r3nvmx.jpg)
+
+The front courtyard of Luocheng Mosque has 58 nanmu trees (zhennan), and the back courtyard has 36 pine trees. They are so lush and green that it feels like being in a forest. In 1969, Luocheng Mosque donated 32 century-old nanmu trees to help build the Chengdu Mao Zedong Thought Exhibition Hall. In 1984, the mosque management committee bought new nanmu saplings from the Forestry Bureau. The Su Zunyao family raised the seedlings, and Zhang Zemin carried water to irrigate them. In 1985, Su Dekui and others replanted them in the mosque, restoring the grounds to a thriving scene full of lush leaves, flowers, birdsong, and butterflies.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rf7ivs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lon9w2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kuzoqa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3gq2w9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lmv3ib.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o5dhnf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kqzw2v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/muyh8n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n5yhhz.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Longchang__Neijiang_Hui_Muslim_Community_and_Sichuan_Road_Trip.md b/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Longchang__Neijiang_Hui_Muslim_Community_and_Sichuan_Road_Trip.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..417a16e6b74b7669f4aba508aa64079ccc03bc42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Longchang__Neijiang_Hui_Muslim_Community_and_Sichuan_Road_Trip.md
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+---
+title: "Hidden Mosques in Longchang: Neijiang Hui Muslim Community and Sichuan Road Trip"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2651"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2651"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:52Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "57a78c92dc05d8de77109773d4cdc4894f2704450aabd8375c3d63702b7210c0"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Mosques in Longchang: Neijiang Hui Muslim Community and Sichuan Road Trip
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Longchang stop near Neijiang follows the author into a local mosque and Hui Muslim community, keeping the route, dates, places, and road trip details from the Chinese original.
+
+On February 18, I drove 50 minutes from Fushun to Longchang City, which is almost at the border of Chongqing. There are five mosques (si-fang) for Hui Muslims spread across Longchang City and Rongchang District, right on the border of Sichuan and Chongqing. This area has the strongest religious community in the region. The Hui Muslims in Longchang and Rongchang mainly have the surnames Su, Ma, Cai, Yang, and Hai. Most of their ancestors moved here from Macheng in Hubei and Shaoyang in Hunan during the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty as part of the 'Huguang fills Sichuan' migration. They first settled in Yinjia Dam in Longchang, then gradually spread to Longchang's city center, Jieshi Town, Shunhe Town in the Dongxing District of Neijiang City, and Qingliu Town in the Rongchang District of Chongqing.
+
+Longchang Mosque is located at the south end of the bridge in Jine Town in the city center. It was built in 1878 (the fourth year of the Guangxu reign) after Yang Dachang and Ye Shaosheng raised funds to buy the land. The main hall was expanded in 1957, and it was rebuilt into the current building between 1995 and 1996. The imam (ahong) at the mosque is from Xichang. It turns out he is a relative of the imam at Qinggang Mosque in Renshou, whom I visited just two days ago. The imams from Xichang play a vital role in keeping the faith alive in Sichuan.
+
+I prayed my first Tarawih of Ramadan at Longchang Mosque. This was the first time I had met so many local elders since I started visiting mosques in southern Sichuan. The names of the elders who will provide the iftar meals each day are already listed on the blackboard in the mosque, which shows that the community spirit here is quite good.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x7a9qw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fq6mpv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x3kmwx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jr8udp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tg63o2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ewckap.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0af62x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4we7rn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ylhc32.jpg)
+
+On February 19, the imam at Longchang Mosque in Sichuan invited me to have my first suhoor of Ramadan. We had pressed duck (banya), sour soup fish, stir-fried beef with two types of peppers, pea shoots, and baby bok choy. It was a delicious mix of meat and vegetables. The skin of the pressed duck was fragrant and the meat was firm. It was salty, flavorful, and tasted better the more you chewed. The sour soup fish was clean and refreshing. The stir-fried beef with two types of peppers was a classic Sichuan-style dish, and the shredded beef was very tender. Pea shoots are a seasonal vegetable in Sichuan during winter, and they were sweet and crisp. I chatted with the imam's family at the time. After I got back, I found out that the imam's daughter and I had actually known each other on Douban a long time ago. It really is a small world.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kxpoo0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/12zquo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qa04uw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7p9b2i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ozbe9r.jpg)
+
+There are several Hui Muslim restaurants next to Longchang Mosque that serve stir-fried dishes, beef offal hot pot, and beef soup. I will definitely try them if I come back.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2p2622.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/43bz4o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aqelxh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1ex2hb.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Mianyang_Yanting__Sichuan_Hui_Muslim_Villages_and_Old_Mosque_H.md b/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Mianyang_Yanting__Sichuan_Hui_Muslim_Villages_and_Old_Mosque_H.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6acf297d15d6060b1530a6a3d44355729d4f1a83
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+++ b/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Mianyang_Yanting__Sichuan_Hui_Muslim_Villages_and_Old_Mosque_H.md
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+---
+title: "Hidden Mosques in Mianyang Yanting: Sichuan Hui Muslim Villages and Old Mosque History"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2652"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2652"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:47Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "38d356c5316f34cecc3770aae409fac05587365acd2373cd2400bd50d671e412"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Mosques in Mianyang Yanting: Sichuan Hui Muslim Villages and Old Mosque History
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Yanting County travelogue explores old mosques, Hui Muslim villages, family histories, and mountain roads around Mianyang during a Spring Festival drive through Sichuan.
+
+On February 20, I drove for one hour and 20 minutes from Nanchong at noon to reach Dajiaping Mosque in Yanting County, Mianyang City, for Jumu'ah prayer. The mosque was very crowded, and everyone there was a local Hui Muslim.
+
+Yanting is the county with the most Hui Muslims in Mianyang, with ten major surnames: Jiang, Jin, Mu, Da, Ma, Yang, Wu, Ha, Ran, and Sa. The ancestor of the Da surname was a man from the Western Regions during the Yuan Dynasty named Wubalesha. Research shows he belonged to the Kipchak Yuliboli tribe and served as a Darughachi in Zhenjiang Road before passing away in Zhenjiang. His sixth-generation descendant, Da Shanyu, moved from Zhenjiang to Liuhe, Nanjing, in the early Ming Dynasty to serve as a county assistant. He settled in Liuhe, making this the oldest Western Regions Hui Muslim family in Liuhe, Nanjing. In 1644 (the first year of the Shunzhi reign), Da Chengzong was ordered to move from Liuhe to Sichuan. He settled at the foot of Jianzi Mountain in Fenghe, Yanting, which established the Da surname Hui Muslim community in Yanting.
+
+Dajiaping Mosque was originally located on a small hill behind the current kiln hall and was quite small. It was later moved to its current location below the hill. In 1812 (the 17th year of the Jiaqing reign), it was rebuilt into the current courtyard style with donations from Sichuan Baoning Prefecture military officials Da Tengchao, Da Tengrui, Da Tianheng, and Da Guankui. It was renovated in 1908 (the 34th year of the Guangxu reign), and the main gate and side schools were expanded in 1928.
+
+Dajiaping Mosque features the traditional Sichuan courtyard structure known as "four waters flowing into the hall" (si shui dao tang), with elegant, unique bracket sets and flying eaves. There is a path platform in the courtyard's central patio and gardens on both sides.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mghx1o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h6ji0l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cvexkq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ld3yh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i208m8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kpcqs4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mfq654.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pebge5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s50qca.jpg)
+
+Dajiaping Mosque houses 30 volumes of scriptures hand-copied by Jin Wanx in the ninth year of the Guangxu reign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lfdpk8.jpg)
+
+The mosque also preserves three plaques from the Qing Dynasty and two from the Republic of China era:
+
+The "Jiao Long Zhen Yi" plaque from the fourth year of the Daoguang reign: Respectfully erected by Da Tianheng, a specially appointed military official of the Jianzhou garrison in Guangyuan, Sichuan, who was promoted to the rank of thousand-man commander (qian zong) and received honors five times.
+
+Da Tianheng passed the military examination in 1801 (the sixth year of the Jiaqing reign) and was immediately appointed as a thousand-man commander (qian zong) in the Chuanbei Town garrison. He was promoted several times, eventually reaching the rank of regional commander (zong bing) of Chuanbei Town, stationed in Baoning Prefecture, Sichuan. Locals respectfully called him "Commander-in-Chief" (zong zhen du du). In 1854 (the fourth year of the Xianfeng reign), the imperial court ordered him to lead troops to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. Because he did not act immediately, he was falsely accused of "colluding with the enemy and rebelling." The Xianfeng Emperor recalled him to Beijing and had him beheaded in public.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dcvqaz.jpg)
+
+The "Yu Yin Guang Zong" plaque from the ninth year of the Tongzhi reign: Erected by his descendants Da Yuguan, Yu Chun, and Yu Sheng, along with their sons Fenggang, Fengge, and Fengzhu. The plaque honors their ancestor, a military official of the Tongchuan garrison in Chuanbei, Sichuan, who held a fifth-rank blue feather and served as a garrison commander (ba zong) in Tibet and an acting official in Sanchuan County.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/90tov4.jpg)
+
+The "Du Yi Zhu Zai" plaque from the 21st year of the Guangxu reign: Respectfully inscribed by Bao Daosheng, a specially appointed inspector of Fucun Station in Nanbu County, Baoning Prefecture.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1zvps4.jpg)
+
+The Arabic plaque from the second year of the Republic of China reading "I created the jinn and mankind only to worship Me": Erected by local imam Ma Huaifang, Da Pengju, Ran Mingli, Ran Minglun, Ran Mingyao, Ha Mayu, Ha Huaide, Huang Anju, Da Yugao, Da Yuliang, Da Yude, Da Yulin, Da Yulong, Da Fengwu, Da Fengzhi, Da Fengwen, Da Fengwu, Da Fengtai, Da Fengyou, Da Fengyuan, Da Fenghao, Da Fengge, Da Fengdou, Da Fengkui, Da Fengxian, Da Fengyi, Da Pengshun, Da Pengqian, Da Penglin, Da Pengshan, Da Pengyun, Da Fengchun, Da Yugang, and Da Yuyin.
+
+Ma Huaifang, also known as Ma Nanxuan, was originally from Lanzhou, Gansu. He fled to Yanting during the early years of the Republic of China and settled there, serving successively as the imam of Dajiaping Mosque and the mosque in Yanting county town. He was a master of martial arts, possessed extraordinary strength, stood up against evil, and was known for helping those in need, earning him high prestige. In 1913, when the Sichuan Army's Zhong Tidao unit was forcibly conscripting men at Lingshan Market, Imam Ma protected the people by driving away an entire squad of soldiers with his bare hands. In 1916, Imam Ma again drove away chaotic soldiers who were forcibly conscripting men at Daxing Market. From 1921 to 1934, Imam Ma opened the "Shou'an Martial Arts Academy" at the Yanting county town mosque, training hundreds of martial arts students. In 1933 and 1934, Imam Ma participated in martial arts competitions in Langzhong and Santai counties, winning silver medals both times. His martial arts style gradually formed into one that was "short, powerful, full of energy, quick to strike, simple, clear, versatile, and focused on winning through strength." In 1932, Imam Ma opened a "Hui Language School" (huiwen xuexiao), training a group of excellent students who were skilled in both literature and martial arts.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/la996a.jpg)
+
+The 1943 plaque titled 'Leader of the Community': We honor Imam (imam) Pengju, courtesy name Yuncheng. A man of virtue, he was a true scholar, a fifth-rank official, and the son of Master Tong. He was upright and righteous, setting a standard for Hui Muslims. He served as imam, managed the Yannan district, and led the Progressive Association. Elected by the people as director-general, he was firm and honest, working hard to remove corruption and starting schools to teach both Arabic and Chinese. The old mosque was renovated with Chinese-style architecture. Its scale is grand, reflecting the prosperity of the community. His virtue will be remembered by descendants forever. We carve this plaque to honor the great Master Da, whose reputation will last for generations. Respectfully dedicated by the family members.
+
+Imam Da Pengju studied religious texts in Chengdu from 1885 to 1891. He became the imam of Dajiaping Mosque in 1912 and taught himself veterinary medicine. In 1914, Imam Da founded an Arabic-Chinese bilingual school in Dajiaping. After the Yanting County Hui Progressive Association was established in 1925, he served as its first president. He also served as president of the Yanting Islamic Association after its founding in 1942. After 1930, Imam Da served as the imam of the Fuyi County Mosque, and after 1951, he served as the imam of the Yanting County Mosque. He was an upright man who helped those in need. He also worked as a veterinarian with excellent skills, saving many sick cattle and earning the respect of everyone.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8f603x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ifld8c.jpg)
+
+There are many inscriptions on the wooden structures inside the courtyard:
+
+Craftsmen Li Changshou and Li Changkai from Anle Township, Tongchuan Prefecture, Yanting County, are masters of their art. The family of Imam Ma Hong and others rebuilt this, respectfully inscribed by the prominent members.
+
+Craftsmen Li Jiong, Zhang Shifu, and Li Jianming from Anle Township, Tongchuan Prefecture, Yanting County, are masters of their art. Da Tianqu, a Confucian scholar from Yanting County, Tongchuan Prefecture, Sichuan, respectfully washed his hands and wrote this, inscribed by the successful candidates.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y7qoid.jpg)
+
+Donors: Da Tianhui, Tianwei, Tianci, Tianyou, Tianchang, Tianzi, Tianxiang, Tianli, and Tianbang. Founding donors: Da Tianjianzhao, Tianfu, Tiande, Tianxing, Tianshun, Tianzhen, Tiancai, and Tianming.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xmu6h1.jpg)
+
+Arabic calligraphy in the main hall of Dajiaping Mosque, and the view looking down from the small hill behind the mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ew5o6f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/71xbth.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aa93bm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3p46se.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j22dus.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rth61n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/468iue.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d343ay.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w8hoey.jpg)
+
+The countryside around Dajiaping is peaceful and quiet. A clear pond reflects the sky, and fields spread out between the hills. It is quiet all around, with only the crisp chirping of birds and the relaxed sounds of cattle and sheep, creating a moving pastoral scene.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x9l1dl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4eqp7l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/20t2ii.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qvrj6c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/owey3c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h0grvm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1q1xqr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kvqjra.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ugatgq.jpg)
+
+Returning from Dajiaping Mosque to Yanting County, I broke my fast at the North Street Mosque. In the evening, hundreds of people came to the mosque to break their fast. Men, women, old, and young gathered together, showing the prosperity of the faith in Yanting. We had radish beef stew, served with crispy flatbread (subing) and rice. Although it was simple, the atmosphere was exceptionally warm and harmonious.
+
+Yanting County Mosque was first built in 1738 (the third year of the Qianlong reign). It was originally located on Xinxie Street next to the Sanbu Liangdong Bridge. In 1796 (the first year of the Jiaqing reign), it moved to its current location at the city gate on Shangbei Street. It was expanded in 1898 and 1947, and rebuilt into its current form in 2006.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/244z00.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p8f5yf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vkt8vv.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8c2ix6.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sykte3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/80vovu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/umhrmr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8zsicd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3x3rx5.jpg)
+
+There are many Hui Muslim restaurants near the North Street Mosque in Yanting, especially on Tuanjie Road, which is a 'Hui Muslim food street'. In northern Sichuan, besides Songpan, Yanting is the most convenient place to eat. Even Langzhong does not have as many options as Yanting. Opposite the mosque gate is a shop called 'Benwei Banlu', which sells braised beef, braised chicken feet, and braised duck. The 'Jin's Braised Duck' next door is also very popular. Walking a little further, you reach Tuanjie Road. 'Dehua Kaiyuan Rice Noodles' at the intersection has been open for thirty years. They specialize in bamboo shoot rice noodles, meatball rice noodles, chicken soup rice noodles, and pea and kelp rice noodles. Many people eat there, and they are open early in the morning. Walking into Tuanjie Road, you find many halal restaurants with names like Huixiang Renjia, Huihuixiang, Huiweiju, and Xiaohuimin. They specialize in Sichuan-style braised dishes, stews, stir-fries, steamed beef with rice flour (fenzheng niurou), and beef and mutton hot pots.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oyob8z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5qg08y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4k07ve.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b6ke0l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ihcza.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jy9dkt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yzh6di.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2d0jtp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w7pi8x.jpg)
+
+After finishing the Taraweeh prayers, I stopped by Muji Noodle Shop on Tuanjie Road in Yanting for a bowl of spicy hot pot (maocai) to get some vegetables.
+
+Near the North Street Mosque in Yanting, you can find restaurants owned by families named Jin, Mu, and Ma. The Jin family seems especially common, with places like Jin Family All-Beef and Mutton Soup House (Jin Jia Quan Niuyang Tangguan), Jincuiyuan Restaurant, and Little Jin Beef (Xiao Jin Niu). Among the Hui Muslims in Yanting, the main family names are Jiang, Mu, Da, Jin, Ma, and Yang, based on when they first arrived in Sichuan. The Jiang family's ancestral home is Qili Village in Penglai, Shandong. They moved to Sichuan in 1465 (the first year of the Chenghua reign of the Ming Dynasty) when an ancestor became the magistrate of Leshan, and they settled in Yanting after he left office. The Mu family's ancestral home is Mujiaping in Hanzhong, Shaanxi. They moved to Yanting in 1615 (the 43rd year of the Wanli reign). The Da family's ancestral home is Liuhe in Nanjing, Jiangsu. They moved to Yanting in 1644 (the first year of the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty). The Jin family's ancestral home is Wangjiao Village in Dali, Tongchuan, Shaanxi. They moved to Yanting in 1690 (the 29th year of the Kangxi reign). The Ma family's ancestral home is Weinan, Shaanxi. Their ancestor came to Sichuan during the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, and the family moved to Yanting in 1691 (the 30th year of the Kangxi reign). The Yang family's ancestral home is Shaanxi. They moved to Yanting in 1723 (the first year of the Yongzheng reign).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4rfmt6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jaz8m8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fi1p4b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8b3bb6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5hsg8y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ei66gm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wqnf5h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f5el0d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jpjsu8.jpg)
+
+Breakfast starts after 5:00 a.m. near the North Street Mosque in Yanting, which is perfect for eating suhoor. Breakfast here includes steamed buns (baozi), rice porridge (xifan), rice noodles (mifen), and tea-oil porridge (youtiao). I ordered a bowl of rice noodles and a steamed bun. Yanting rice noodles are quite thin. They have a soft, smooth, and slightly chewy texture. They are quickly blanched in boiling water using a bamboo strainer. After draining the water, they are put into a bowl and topped with beef sauce (niurou saozi). The Hui Muslims' beef sauce is made by stir-frying rapeseed oil mixed with beef fat until fragrant, then adding bean paste (doubanjiang) to create a red oil. The beef is firm, flavorful, tender, and not dry. When you eat it, it is spicy, numbing, and rich with a fresh aroma. It is spicy without being harsh, numbing without being bitter, and fresh without being greasy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/46v29m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qip409.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lchtke.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pckyvn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iierpm.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kq74o3.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rnw718.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/afdd26.jpg)
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+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/48he8p.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Yibin__Sichuan_Hui_Muslim_History__Old_Streets_and_Local_Food.md b/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Yibin__Sichuan_Hui_Muslim_History__Old_Streets_and_Local_Food.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd970f759e898e8db73d4ad6403f62f6269ec32a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Yibin__Sichuan_Hui_Muslim_History__Old_Streets_and_Local_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+---
+title: "Hidden Mosques in Yibin: Sichuan Hui Muslim History, Old Streets and Local Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2649"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2649"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:49Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "6b9b362fc2e1ae78f80e5ca23bb39b3b579124167d61d0c77df444ca4ddfa82e"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Mosques in Yibin: Sichuan Hui Muslim History, Old Streets and Local Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Yibin travel account follows old mosques, riverside streets, Hui Muslim history, and local halal food notes from the next stop on a Spring Festival road trip through Sichuan.
+
+On the afternoon of February 17, I drove south from Luocheng for an hour and a half and arrived at the old town in the Cuiping District of Yibin, right by the Yangtze River. Parking in Yibin's old town is very difficult during the Spring Festival. I found a spot on the side of the road near the Dabeixiang Mosque, but unfortunately, the imam, Imam Su, was not there at the time. I went to Yao's Beef Restaurant (Yaoji Niurouguan) on nearby Xuesheng Street for dinner instead. Yao's Beef Restaurant was packed that night. I waited nearly an hour after ordering before I could eat. They ran out of ingredients several times, and the owner said they hadn't prepared enough. I didn't expect business to be this good on the first day of the Lunar New Year.
+
+Yao's has been open for 30 years. Since the 1990s, they have been selling steamed beef with rice flour (fenzheng niurou), clear-stewed beef (qingdun niurou), and braised beef (hongshao niurou) on Xuesheng Street, standing out for their commitment to never using overnight meat. They serve the most authentic Yibin-style Sichuan cuisine, focusing on various stir-fried (huobao), minced meat topping (saozi), and water-boiled (shuizhu) dishes. I ordered stir-fried beef tripe (huobao taihua), minced meat with spinal cord (saozi jisu), and red oil greens (hongyoucai).
+
+This was my first time hearing of taihua. I asked the server, and they said it is a type of beef tripe that is very crispy, bouncy, and chewy. It requires high heat and fast cooking to get that perfect wok aroma.
+
+The minced meat with spinal cord melts in your mouth and is soft and creamy. The minced meat topping (saozi) is salty, fresh, spicy, and rich in sauce, making it perfect with rice.
+
+Red oil greens are red vegetable stalks (hongcaitai), a classic vegetable dish in Yibin from autumn through early spring. They are stir-fried over high heat with garlic slices until just cooked, making them crispy, tender, slightly sweet, and fragrant. In Hui Muslim banquets, this is usually the final vegetable dish, balancing out the spicy stir-fried beef dishes.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bosl6p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s5se3x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ug3nod.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5v74tl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vpkbze.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n59tmk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x8smxp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rm4shp.jpg)
+
+The Dabeixiang Mosque in Yibin was first built in 1821 (the first year of the Daoguang reign). It was originally a traditional courtyard house in southern Sichuan, but after being demolished in 1993, it became a multi-story building. As early as the Qianlong reign, Hui Muslims with the surnames Su, Ma, Hai, Zhang, and Cai from Shaoyang, Hunan, moved to Yibin due to the 'Huguang fills Sichuan' migration. During the Jiaqing reign, a Hui Muslim named Li became wealthy running a money shop in Yibin, so he donated money to build the mosque on Dabeixiang in the first year of the Daoguang reign. During the Guangxu reign, a military official named Ma Chaoxuan retired from his post as a provincial commander and settled in Yibin, where he built a mosque on Shuijing Street in the north of the city. During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China era, Ma Chaoxuan's descendant, Ma Pinsan, became the manager of the Dabeixiang Mosque and merged the northern city mosque into the Dabeixiang Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o4pv6q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q74w6x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jxrle7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p89lws.jpg)
+
+That night, I drove from the Cuiping District in Yibin's old town to Nanxi District, stayed the night, and planned to try the Yibin Hui Muslim-style meat-topped spicy noodles (hunranmian) the next morning. The most authentic Hui Muslim noodle shop in Nanxi is Su's Huihui Fragrance (Suji Huihuixiang) on Xiazheng Street. The meat they use is personally butchered by Imam Su from the Sujiaqiao Mosque. Unfortunately, Huihui Fragrance was closed when I arrived, so I went to another Su's Beef Noodle shop nearby, which is also run by local Hui Muslims surnamed Su.
+
+Beef hunranmian is a classic breakfast for Yibin Hui Muslims. It uses local Yibin flat, thin alkaline noodles (shuiezi jianshuimian) made from high-gluten flour and alkaline water. They are boiled until 80% cooked, drained, and tossed with cooked rapeseed oil to keep them separate and dry—this is the key to the 'ran' (burning/oily) style. The beef topping (saozi) is made by mincing beef and stir-frying it slowly in rapeseed oil with various spices until dry and fragrant. Then, they add secret red oil, Yibin preserved mustard greens (suimi yacai), freshly crushed peanuts, toasted sesame seeds, Sichuan peppercorn oil, and chopped green onions. When eating, you mix it quickly to use the residual heat to bring out all the aromas. Once you take a bite, the noodles are chewy and bouncy, the beef topping is dry and rich, the mustard greens are salty and fresh, the peanuts are crunchy, the red oil is spicy, and the peppercorn oil adds a slight numbing sensation. It is very dry and refreshing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/928qhw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b8j5bp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g84xbd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l3mi0c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fzb21f.jpg)
+
+After breakfast, I drove for 1 hour and 10 minutes from Nanxi District to the Yunding Mosque in Liduan Town, deep in the mountains of Shu. The Yunding Mosque is surrounded by big mountains. The Hui Muslim village where the mosque is located sits on a high piece of land, as if it were above the clouds, which is how it got the name Yunding (Cloud Top) Mosque.
+
+Yunding Mosque was first built during the Xianfeng era. The local Ma family, who are Hui Muslims, moved here from Shaoyang, Hunan, during the Qing Dynasty migration known as 'Huguang filling Sichuan'. Yunding Mosque was originally a traditional courtyard in the southern Sichuan style, but it was later rebuilt as a concrete building. I took photos of some old pictures of the mosque before its reconstruction from Imam Su at Dabeixiang Mosque. Because of building renovations, traditional mosque architecture in Sichuan is disappearing rapidly.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dgs73a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/87oxw0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ctyiyl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9buui9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/py9adg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iy612o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r4m8zw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lzgrcf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0dc9vm.jpg)
+
+After the reconstruction of Yunding Mosque, only the Qing Dynasty mihrab and stone column bases remain. The mihrab has a very distinct southern Sichuan style and features many floral patterns.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p80hv0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/25w2d4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6fp0bt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9dssj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2sqy4m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m0knid.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1icgeo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/267y7v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ub5fgn.jpg)
+
+In early spring at Yunding Mosque, I walked through the front gate and straight into a sea of bamboo. The leaves were layered thick, and the wind made them rustle. The mosque is surrounded by fields of blooming rapeseed flowers. The golden waves of flowers spread along the gentle slopes, reaching the foot of the distant mountains and the edges of the fields, full of rural peace and vitality. In a nearby pond, the water is clear and bright, with little ducks playing on the surface from time to time. As I was driving away, I happened to see the ducks lining up to cross the road. They waddled along, looking very cute and charming.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/puqckw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rg7622.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l2isn1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cf0lar.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/asycjl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fegqq6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oq9zc0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8kqqjw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f4q88k.jpg)
+
+Driving for another 50 minutes from Yunding Mosque, I arrived at Sujiaqiao Mosque in the Nanxi District. This area is now part of the Sanjiang New Area in Yibin. There are large industrial parks in the nearby Songjia Town, but Sujiaqiao remains hidden deep in the mountains.
+
+Sujiaqiao Mosque is the only traditional Hui mosque in Yibin that has been preserved to this day. The local Hui Muslims are mainly from the Su family, who moved here from Shaoyang, Hunan, during the 'Huguang filling Sichuan' migration in the Qianlong era. Sujiaqiao Mosque was first built in 1789 (the 54th year of the Qianlong reign) after Su Tianqi and others bought land in Qinjiagou. In 1799 (the 4th year of the Jiaqing reign), the community gave grain to Su Xinhan to manage for ten years. With the profits, they bought land from the Yin family and moved the mosque to its current site. In 1822 (the 2nd year of the Daoguang reign), two corridors were added. It was renovated in 1837 (the 17th year of the Daoguang reign). In 1864 (the 3rd year of the Tongzhi reign), Imam Su Liangchun led the effort, and with donations from Su Shunfang and other community members, the main hall was expanded. In 1944, Su Cailun led another renovation of the main hall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hnytnm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vbsq7c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zwvsag.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q5hdkd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ye39rb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jwzk2b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rx5r51.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c2qfpj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v6ql61.jpg)
+
+The main hall of Sujiaqiao Mosque also preserves a precious Qing Dynasty mihrab, and there is an inscription from 1866 (the 5th year of the Tongzhi reign) on the main beam of the entrance hall. I met two Imams named Su from Sujiaqiao Mosque and Dabeixiang Mosque, and I learned a lot about the local religious situation in Yibin from them. The two Imams showed me the stone tablet from the Daoguang renovation kept in the mosque. Unfortunately, it was damaged during a difficult period, and only the last part of the donor list remains. You can still see the surnames Su, Ma, Jin, and Cai, as well as a business named Renhetai.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/17325u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vkrd7v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x2ozxh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dtd0g8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z2h414.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pbbrgt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hqqtaw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p3fwrd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/az10l8.jpg)
+
+Behind Sujiaqiao Mosque is a cemetery for Hui Muslims. When I arrived, Imam Su was leading the local Hui Muslims in visiting the graves. The Sujiaqiao Hui Muslim whole-cow feast was named a Nanxi District intangible cultural heritage in 2018. However, because of the remote location, there are no restaurants run by Hui Muslims here. If you want to experience the local food, it is best to come to the mosque during holidays.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x13zej.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/alaqz4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wuxlky.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yxkpaa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0r4rup.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zwuzuw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nn9a06.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1sl109.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l5p5eq.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Zigong_Fushun__Sichuan_Hui_Muslim_Heritage_and_Road_Trip_Notes.md b/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Zigong_Fushun__Sichuan_Hui_Muslim_Heritage_and_Road_Trip_Notes.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a83dabb303727d8296d53682f7ac3a34701ff161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Hidden_Mosques_in_Zigong_Fushun__Sichuan_Hui_Muslim_Heritage_and_Road_Trip_Notes.md
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+title: "Hidden Mosques in Zigong Fushun: Sichuan Hui Muslim Heritage and Road Trip Notes"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2650"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2650"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:46Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "fdd1a1926dfbcc120741257a4cc40a2b684f097b695af5eaccb710db0304a846"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Mosques in Zigong Fushun: Sichuan Hui Muslim Heritage and Road Trip Notes
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This short stop in Fushun County, Zigong, records a Sichuan mosque visit with local Hui Muslim heritage, county history, and the details preserved from the original road trip.
+
+It takes a 2-hour drive north from Sujiaqiao Mosque in Yibin to reach Fushun County in Zigong City. Fushun Mosque is located on Fujiang Lane in the old town of Fushun. I contacted Imam Hai at the mosque beforehand, and he gave me a warm welcome.
+
+Fushun Mosque is the only mosque in Zigong. During the late Qing Dynasty, Hui Muslims with the surnames Ma, Feng, Su, Zhang, and Cai moved here from places like Longchang, Neijiang, and Rongchang to settle down. At first, the Hui Muslims in Fushun did not have a mosque. They held their annual Eid prayers in the living room of a Ma family home at No. 1 Bo'ai Road. A local Hui Muslim named Ma Xutang once ran a small salt industry bank called Furonghao in Ziliujing. After his business failed, he moved his funds back to Fushun to buy land. He set aside 45 shi of rental grain under the name 'Ma Siyi Tang' to cover the costs of building a mosque and hiring an imam. In 1929, led by Ma Renpei, they used the Ma Siyi Tang funds to buy a house next to the Yaowang Mosque from Chen Tongxing and others of the Yongji Association. After renovations, it became the current Fushun Mosque, which was rebuilt into its present form between 1986 and 1987.
+
+After Fushun Mosque was established, they hired Ma Huiting as the imam, who served for nearly 50 years until 1975. During the 1930s and 1940s, Imam Ma used the summer breaks to teach Islamic classics. One of his students, Master Su Xueliang, later led the ritual slaughter (xiadao) and worked at the religious school around the time of liberation. After the 1986 reconstruction, they hired Imam Hai Weijun from Rongchang, Chongqing, who has been there for 40 years. When Imam Hai first arrived at the mosque, he was only in his early 20s. He relied on Master Su Xueliang to visit Hui Muslim households each month to collect donations (nietie) for his living expenses. Three months later, Imam Hai decided to support himself. He started working part-time performing ritual slaughter (xiadao) at a Hui Muslim restaurant, and later sold fruit and ran a restaurant, which allowed Fushun Mosque to keep running for the past 40 years.
+
+According to Imam Hai, the only local Hui Muslim restaurant in Zigong right now is Cai's Lamb Soup (Cai shi yangrou tang) near Beihuan Road, though it is not very easy to reach by public transport since it is outside the city center. Luckily, Imam Hai invited me to try the bamboo shoot stewed lamb with skin and stir-fried lamb that had been donated (chusai) to the mosque from Cai's Lamb Soup, allowing me to experience the unique Sichuan-style cuisine of Zigong's Hui Muslims. Their bamboo shoot lamb with skin had tender meat and soft skin. The bamboo shoots were fresh and slightly sweet, their fragrance cutting through the richness of the meat, which was mellow and savory. The stir-fried lamb was cooked quickly over high heat to lock in the juices. The fresh ginger added a spicy kick, the small chili peppers provided a great flavor, and the dish had that distinct 'wok hei' (guoqie) that gives Zigong Hui Muslim stir-fries their authentic, home-cooked feel. Any friends (dost) passing through Zigong next time should go and have a meal there.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/on9bcp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tlubvn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7fre10.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bxe1m2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hyzit0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hrv4ay.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n96n6y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ma1fs1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qoyh7e.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hidden_Muslim_Food_Near_Beijing__Nanying_Village_Aqiqah_Feast_and_Langfang_Mosqu.md b/content/Hidden_Muslim_Food_Near_Beijing__Nanying_Village_Aqiqah_Feast_and_Langfang_Mosqu.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cae2e54e364b10014ec46c87bc67174202f9529a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Hidden_Muslim_Food_Near_Beijing__Nanying_Village_Aqiqah_Feast_and_Langfang_Mosqu.md
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+---
+title: "Hidden Muslim Food Near Beijing: Nanying Village Aqiqah Feast and Langfang Mosque"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2677"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2677"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:45Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "7a18eb2339e316a7eb8172f13c6c5ff77312a6fa3ac6878b21269473808ea74c"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hidden Muslim Food Near Beijing: Nanying Village Aqiqah Feast and Langfang Mosque
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Langfang travel note visits Nanying Village near Beijing for an aqiqah feast, Hui Muslim lamb dishes, local restaurants, butcher shops, and Nanying Mosque.
+
+On Sunday, I was invited to Nanying Village in Langfang, Hebei, to attend a feast for a friend's newborn. In our faith, this is called Aqiqah, a way to give thanks to Allah for the baby's arrival.
+
+The entire street in Nanying Village is packed with restaurants and butcher shops run by Hui Muslims. We ate at Laowu Restaurant, right at the south entrance of the village. Our friend had a sheep slaughtered, and the restaurant prepared a full lamb feast for us. It included roasted lamb chops, braised lamb knuckle tendons (wogujin), stir-fried lamb offal with coriander (yanbao yangza), sesame lamb, and clear-boiled meatballs (qingcuan wanzi). Of course, we also had the fried dough (youxiang) that is essential for any religious feast. Their cooking was better than many places I have tried in Beijing, partly because they use freshly slaughtered lamb. The fresh lamb offal had no chili or Sichuan peppercorns, just a quick stir-fry with coriander stems. It is rare to taste such a clean, fresh flavor in lamb offal. The lamb knuckle tendons had a great texture; they were softer than regular hoof tendons but still had a nice chew. The sesame lamb was also very tender. Many Beijing restaurants make it tough, but this was the best I have ever had. The meatballs were firm and meaty, unlike some places in Beijing where they are full of starch and you can barely taste the meat. Freshly slaughtered lamb is perfect for clear-boiled meatballs. If you deep-fried them, you would lose that fresh flavor.
+
+They have plenty of other dishes too. It takes less than an hour to drive here from Beijing via the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway. On the way back, you have to go through a checkpoint where they check your trunk, but we barely had to wait in line on Sunday afternoon.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ypw4zc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5blpfi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/48bwyn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9nnnx3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j12p0v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bo4z55.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zmqbvp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fku4mu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4p2wi8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xxs66k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/742kd6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d84r4h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wbvc7d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q7bbfa.jpg)
+
+After the feast, we visited the Nanying Mosque. Nanying Mosque was first built during the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty. Legend says it was built with donations from Hui Muslims with the surnames Qian, Ma, Zhang, and Dai, after the Qian and Ma brothers moved here from Zhuxian Town in Henan. The mosque was rebuilt during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty and was rebuilt again in 1998 to become the building we see today. The mosque is kept very neat and tidy, with bright windows and clean floors. Imam Qian, who serves at the mosque, is a local. He is young, capable, and very welcoming to us.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vrnnfv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cc9hxa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sdzksr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/noaui8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/buurmv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nf4ppz.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hui_Muslim_Language_in_China__Urumqi_Dialect__Identity_and_Everyday_Culture.md b/content/Hui_Muslim_Language_in_China__Urumqi_Dialect__Identity_and_Everyday_Culture.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fbb5f904772729ed35908229ded52192f67e18d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Hui_Muslim_Language_in_China__Urumqi_Dialect__Identity_and_Everyday_Culture.md
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+title: "Hui Muslim Language in China: Urumqi Dialect, Identity and Everyday Culture"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1928"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1928"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:41Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "fdd488d988093c56599c30326a5b558dc0d8aa6e086e6633db4da76772144daa"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hui Muslim Language in China: Urumqi Dialect, Identity and Everyday Culture
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Hui Muslim Language in China: Urumqi Dialect, Identity and Everyday Culture. Today I am sharing two books related to the language of Hui Muslims. It is useful for readers interested in Hui Muslims, Chinese Language, Muslim Culture.
+
+Today I am sharing two books related to the language of Hui Muslims.
+
+The first one is the Urumqi Hui Muslim Language Gazetteer; Zainabu and I speak in this 'AA-zi' style in our daily lives, and it also includes the unique Urumqi Hui Muslim way of teasing others: 'zi-zi-zi'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xtvhev.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/37mthr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/edr75b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fhis71.jpg)
+
+**Some religious terminology.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j861ay.jpg)
+
+**The differences between Urumqi Hui Muslim dialect and Han Chinese dialect.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xkadpe.jpg)
+
+**The characteristics of the Urumqi Hui Muslim dialect.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mn6jox.jpg)
+
+The differences between Urumqi Hui Muslim dialect and Han Chinese dialect. The Hui Muslim dialect is based on the Shaanxi dialect, while the Han Chinese dialect is based on the Gansu dialect.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fts9v6.jpg)
+
+The second book is a selection of Hui Muslim language published by the Tianjin Beisi (North Mosque) in 2001. The Hui Muslim language is a precious cultural treasure, and some young people today can no longer master it proficiently.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/af17xy.jpg)
+
+Alim, meaning 'scholar' in Arabic. Example sentence: The ink of an Alim is more precious than the blood of a Shahid (martyr).
+
+Akhirah, meaning 'the afterlife' in Arabic. Example sentence: This world is the sowing field for the Akhirah. Bakhil, meaning 'stingy' in Arabic. Example sentence: A Bakhil person cannot enter Paradise. Bala, meaning 'disaster' in Arabic. Example sentence: Wasting food will bring about a Bala. Bandah, meaning 'servant' in Persian. Example sentence: The intention of a Bandah, the joy of sincerity. Barakah, meaning 'blessing' in Arabic. Example sentence: When a guest enters the home, Barakah comes with them. Dushman, meaning 'enemy' in Persian; in daily life, it is often used to describe someone who is unreasonable and likes to go against others. Du'a, meaning 'supplication' in Arabic. Example sentence: Keep the Du'a in your heart, and peace be upon you. Dunya, meaning 'the present world' in Arabic. Example sentence: Work for the Dunya as if you will live for a thousand years, and work for the afterlife as if you will pass away in an instant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g5twhz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cnjcwo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o13bcu.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Hui_Muslims_who_fled_oppression_in_China_are_concerned_about_the_president_elect.md b/content/Hui_Muslims_who_fled_oppression_in_China_are_concerned_about_the_president_elect.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bcc615236f66ee078b6a139c5ccc73693dab2828
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Hui_Muslims_who_fled_oppression_in_China_are_concerned_about_the_president_elect.md
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+---
+title: "Hui Muslims who fled oppression in China are concerned about the president-elect’s vows to tighten asylum policy."
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1657"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1657"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:16:07Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "4ec4ced254ef8d9773224d813db93f6a33657544bdedd3465f4fe354a516b072"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hui Muslims who fled oppression in China are concerned about the president-elect’s vows to tighten asylum policy.
+
+They survived re-education camps in China’s western Xinjiang region. They were released from detention centers and psychiatric hospitals. They watched their loved ones disappear one by one and feared when it would be their turn.
+
+Then they managed to get out of China and reached the soil of the United States, many by trekking through the brutal jungle in Panama known as the Darién Gap on their way to the U.S. southern border.
+ 
+
+
+
+
+They are Hui Muslims, a state-recognized ethnic minority group in China, where the government is determined to crack down on Islam. As President-elect Donald J. Trump promises to build detention camps and enlist the military to carry out mass deportations, the future of this group of immigrants is precarious. Deportation could mean years in jail or labor camps.
+
+“My mother told me to stay here,” said Yan, a single mother who came to the United States in July with her 10-year-old son, Masoud, through the Darién Gap. “‘If you come back,’” she quoted her own mother as saying, “‘there’ll be no good outcome for you. Who knows — they might even sentence you to life imprisonment.’”
+
+In China, Yan was detained by the police for 15 days, then sent to a psychiatric hospital for more than 20 days because her phone showed that she had made small donations to two online Quran prayer groups. The police said she supported religious terrorists and called her a “radical religious fanatic.” She considers herself not very religious and doesn’t even wear a head scarf.
+
+A growing number of Chinese are migrating to escape bleak economic prospects and political oppression. Many have joined Venezuelans, Ecuadoreans and Haitians trying to reach the United States through the Darién Gap. More than 38,000 Chinese migrants were temporarily detained on the southern border of the United States in the 2024 fiscal year, up from 24,000 the previous year, according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection. It’s not clear how many of them are Muslims.
+ 
+
+
+ 
+Many Hui Muslims are making the crossing with their families.
+
+On a recent Friday afternoon, Yan and Masoud were among the 15 adults and six children who had gathered at a three-story house in Flushing, Queens, in New York City. Most of them had stayed there, a shelter for Muslim immigrants from China, just after arriving in the United States. They get together on Fridays with newcomers to chat, pray and discuss their lives, faith and current affairs. Then they cook a big meal with the flavors of northwestern China’s cuisine: beef noodles, spicy chicken and steamed buns.
+
+The shelter offers the immigrants free boarding for the first two weeks before they can find places to settle down. Known as Home of Muslim, it also serves as a community center where they can seek solace and support one another.
+
+They exchange personal stories, often full of trauma, sorrow and anger, said Ma Ju, the founder and a financial backer of the shelter. Once, he walked into the living room, he said, and saw a group of women in one another’s arms, weeping.
+
+
+
+Mr. Ma, a businessman and a critic of the government’s policies to make Islam in China more Chinese, started the shelter in February 2023 as more Chinese came from the southern border. Over 350 people have stayed at the refuge. Most of them are Hui Muslims, though some are Uyghurs, Tibetans or Han Chinese.
+
+“They are all traumatized,” Mr. Ma said. “But sometimes, they didn’t even know what they experienced was oppression and discrimination.”
+ 
+ 
+Of the roughly 25 million Muslims in China, 11 million are Hui, who have a big presence in the northwest but also live in enclaves around the nation. The Hui are better integrated into Chinese society than Uyghurs, the biggest Muslim group, who live primarily in Xinjiang. Unlike Uyghurs, who are ethnically Turkic, the Hui look similar to the country’s dominant ethnic group, the Han. The Hui haven’t faced the same degree of persecution as the Uyghurs, but the crackdown on Islam has shaken the group.
+
+The Chinese Communist Party fears ideological competition from any religion. Across the country, the government has demolished minarets and domes of mosques, banned the public use of Arabic script, forbidden children to attend Quran schools and sent the most religious Muslims to re-education camps.
+
+
+
+That Friday afternoon at the shelter, Yong, a Hui Muslim from Xinjiang, was one of the cooks. For years, he operated a successful halal restaurant in Urumqi, Xinjiang’s capital city. Nearly 90 percent of his customers were Uyghurs, he said. When the government expanded re-education camps in 2017, his customers started to dwindle in number. A year later, nearly 80 percent of them had disappeared, he said.
+
+Then Yong’s three uncles and his brother-in-law, all Hui Muslims, were sent to re-education centers for going to mosques “too often” or for having studied at religious schools when they were young. His mother was taken to the local police station for questioning after she was spotted wearing a scarf at home. She was released after making a written promise that she would not wear a scarf again.
+ 
+“At that time, my wife and I were living in constant fear,” Yong said, “feeling like even the slightest misstep could get us into serious trouble.” He and his wife arrived in America in May 2023, having transited the Darién Gap. He now drives an ambulance in Queens, and his wife works at a halal restaurant in New York City.
+
+Most people I interviewed for this column asked that I use only their given names for fear that their family members in China could face harassment or worse punishment from the authorities.
+
+
+
+Another cook at the shelter was Ye Chengxiang, a Hui Muslim from northwestern Qinghai Province. In 2017, the authorities destroyed the minaret on the mosque of his hometown. Then in 2022, Mr. Ye, also a restaurant owner, was forced to take down its halal sign amid a campaign to ban Arabic script.
+
+Mr. Ye, 43, grew up listening to horror stories about his older family members’ experiences. He was determined to leave the country. It took him a decade to get Chinese passports for his family of four. On Dec. 11, 2023, he arrived in San Diego with his wife and two teenage daughters by way of the Darién Gap.
+
+“There were moments on the road when it felt like I was going to die, completely unable to keep going,” he said. “But after I got to this land of freedom, the hardship was nothing. Totally worth it.”
+
+In November, his wife, Sophie, gave birth to their third child. He recently opened a halal restaurant in Rego Park, Queens, with other Muslim immigrants. Another group who stayed at the shelter opened a halal noodle restaurant in Manhattan.
+ 
+But Mr. Ma, the founder of the shelter, said Muslim migrants faced obstacles in making lives in America. Pork dishes, which many Muslims don’t eat, feature heavily in most Chinese restaurants. One former resident of the shelter, with Mr. Ma’s help, found a job at a warehouse — and was called “a terrorist” by co-workers, Han Chinese immigrants, on his first day.
+
+After Mr. Trump won the election, Mr. Ma said, his phone rang almost nonstop for a week. The callers were anxious. They spoke little English, so they had limited access to official information.
+
+Mr. Ma said he had invited a lawyer to the shelter to explain the importance of applying for political asylum. Most Chinese migrants entering the United States from the southern border are released on parole by immigration authorities. Then they can apply for asylum. Under the current protocols, the lawyer told them, once they had a pending case, they should be protected from deportation.
+
+“It would be lying if anyone says they are not scared,” said Yan, the single mother. “Everyone is on edge.” She said she would accept being deported but would make the painful decision to have someone adopt her son, who has problems learning, if it meant he could stay in the United States.
+
+“My son has to stay here,” she said. “Going back would mean no chance of survival for him.”
diff --git a/content/Hundreds_of_Hui_Muslims_Protest_Arrest_of_Respected_Imam_in_Yunnan_Province__Chi.md b/content/Hundreds_of_Hui_Muslims_Protest_Arrest_of_Respected_Imam_in_Yunnan_Province__Chi.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a46b98e6029dc674f1f92f983309eef93c73f0c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Hundreds_of_Hui_Muslims_Protest_Arrest_of_Respected_Imam_in_Yunnan_Province__Chi.md
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+title: "Hundreds of Hui Muslims Protest Arrest of Respected Imam in Yunnan Province, China Mainland"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1650"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1650"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:17:44Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "94e0502152324e82290b766620733fb416e57c8720b7fe83e106091d4a0b66b2"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Hundreds of Hui Muslims Protest Arrest of Respected Imam in Yunnan Province, China Mainland
+
+Hundreds of Hui Muslims Protest Arrest of Respected Imam in Yunnan Province, China Mainland
+
+On December 15 and 16, hundreds of Hui Muslims gathered outside the city government office in Yuxi, Yunnan Province, to protest the arrest of a well-respected local imam by Chinese authorities. The incident highlights the Chinese Communist Party’s growing control over religious groups, extending beyond the predominantly Muslim regions of northwest China.
+
+According to reports, Imam Ma Yuwei was forcibly detained by plainclothes police officers on the morning of December 15 while dining at a restaurant near Nie’er Square in Yuxi. That same day, his brother in Shadian narrowly avoided arrest thanks to strong opposition from local residents. These actions sparked outrage among the local Muslim community, who took to the streets demanding Ma Yuwei’s release. The protests continued into the morning of December 16.
+
+
+Sources revealed that Ma Yuwei had been under surveillance and investigation by unidentified individuals for the past year. For safety reasons, he and his father had been living in a mosque for months and rarely ventured outside. On this rare occasion, while dining out, Ma was surrounded and taken away by armed officers. Protesters claim the police did not present an arrest warrant or official identification, and the only reason given for his detention was his preaching of the Quran.
+
+
+This is not an isolated incident. In recent years, the Chinese government has increased pressure on various religious groups, including Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang, through measures such as setting up so-called “re-education camps.” These actions have drawn widespread international condemnation.
+
+
+The Yunnan protests suggest that these crackdowns may now be extending to Hui Muslim communities outside northwest China. Protesters pointed to repeated instances of oppression against Hui Muslims since 2017, including arrests, detentions, and suppressions, creating a cycle of conflict. They refuted government claims that no Hui Muslims have been detained in “camps,” arguing that substantial evidence indicates tens of thousands of Hui Muslims have been imprisoned.
+
+
+Tensions remained high at the protest site. Police reportedly tried to disperse the crowd outside the city government office, leading to confrontations. Protesters began organizing efforts to identify undercover officers within the crowd to prepare for potential crackdowns. Witnesses reported seeing large numbers of military and police vehicles heading toward Yuxi overnight, raising concerns about further escalation.
+
+Protesters have submitted a petition to the Yuxi city government demanding an explanation for Ma Yuwei’s arrest and guarantees of religious freedom for Hui Muslims. The petition also highlighted long-standing conflicts between the mosque and local authorities, including allegations regarding its religious activities and management.
+
+This incident is another example of the worsening state of religious freedom in China. The government’s tightened control over religion has increasingly affected not only Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang but also Hui Muslims and other religious groups, including Christians, in other regions of the country.
diff --git a/content/Islamic_History_Guide__Quanzhou_Chendai_Mosque_and_Chendai_Hui_Muslim_History_Mu.md b/content/Islamic_History_Guide__Quanzhou_Chendai_Mosque_and_Chendai_Hui_Muslim_History_Mu.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c9c89ed46f7a3135ec422b29e7485bbc26e4554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Islamic_History_Guide__Quanzhou_Chendai_Mosque_and_Chendai_Hui_Muslim_History_Mu.md
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+---
+title: "Islamic History Guide: Quanzhou Chendai Mosque and Chendai Hui Muslim History Museum"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2415"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2415"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:51Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "ccad19ab73dae27737fa63521f22ec3dc698d762d561b750c40409a020b96d52"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Islamic History Guide: Quanzhou Chendai Mosque and Chendai Hui Muslim History Museum
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Quanzhou Chendai Mosque and Chendai Hui Muslim History Museum is presented as a clear English travel account for readers interested in Muslim life, halal food, mosques, and local history. The article keeps the original names, food details, photographs, and cultural context while focusing on Quanzhou, Chendai Mosque, Hui Muslims.
+
+Quanzhou background summary:
+
+**The thousand-year-old Qingjing Mosque in Quanzhou.**
+
+**Echoes of the faith: The Hui Muslim family temple of the Guo clan in Xingzhai, Quanzhou.**
+
+**Stone carvings from the Islamic faith of the Song and Yuan dynasties at the Quanzhou Maritime Museum.**
+
+At noon, I took a taxi south of Quanzhou to Chendai Mosque, which is the other mosque in Quanzhou besides Qingjing Mosque.
+
+According to family records, the first ancestor of the Chendai Ding clan, Ding Jin, whose courtesy name was Jiezhai, was originally from Suzhou and settled in Quanzhou for trade. The third ancestor, Ding Kui (1298-1379), moved with the fourth ancestor, Ding Shan (1343-1420), from Quanzhou city to Chendai, over ten kilometers south of the city.
+
+The Chendai Ding clan maintained their Islamic faith for over two hundred years from the 13th to the 16th century. The tenth-generation descendant Ding Yanxia, born around 1517, recorded the Islamic customs he experienced during his childhood in great detail in his work, 'Zujiao Shuo' (Discourse on Ancestral Faith). By the mid-16th century, the religious practices of the Ding family in Chendai underwent major changes. According to the records of the 12th-generation descendant Ding Qing in the Jiyi Jiyan, Fenxi Gong (Ding Yi) was the first to enter official service, and he followed the rites of the scholar-officials to honor his ancestors without daring to violate the teachings of Islam. However, when three generations—Huai Gong (Ding Zishen), Wuting Gong (Ding Rijin), and Zhechu Gong (Ding Qijun)—all passed the imperial examinations, the family's reputation soared, and the practice of Islam nearly faded away. Starting with the 8th-generation Ding Yi, the Chendai Ding family began their path into officialdom by passing the imperial examinations. By the 10th generation, 20 family members had become scholars. These men followed Confucian ethics and social norms in everything they did, which sped up the disappearance of their religious traditions.
+
+It was not until the early 20th century, nearly 400 years later, that the religious life of the Chendai Ding family began to revive. In the early 1920s, the famous Hui Muslim Tang Kesan served as the director of the Xiamen Customs. He recommended his fellow townsman Zhang Guangyu to lead religious affairs in the Quanzhou area. After Imam Zhang Guangyu arrived in Quanzhou, he worked diligently on religious matters, and the religious life in Chendai began to reappear. In 1939, Chendai established the Chenjiang Branch of the China Islamic National Salvation Association. Some members of the Chendai Ding family went to the Qingjing Mosque in Quanzhou for their weekly Friday prayer (jumu'ah). Later, they converted the Wenchang Shrine in the Sijing village into a mosque and hired Imam Tie from Quanzhou to lead their religious services. Between 1937 and 1944, the Chengda Normal School moved south to Guilin. Its founders, Tang Kesan and Imam Ma Songting, accepted 17 young men from the Ding family of Chendai to study there.
+
+In the late 1950s, religious activities in Chendai were forced to stop. Ding Jinshun, a graduate of Chengda Normal School, was criticized and struggled because he mentioned in class that he was a Hui Muslim. In 1983, Ding Jinshun and Ding Jinhe attended the founding meeting of the Fujian Islamic Association. After that, Chengda Normal School graduates Ding Jinshun, Ding Jinhe, Ding Jinke, Ding Jinhong, and over twenty other people dedicated to the faith formed the Chendai Islamic Association Group and began to restore religious life. They borrowed the second-floor meeting room of the Chendai Hui Affairs Committee and the back hall of the Ding Family Ancestral Hall to hold Friday prayers (Jumu'ah), with Ding Jinshun serving as the imam. During the two Eids (Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha), they invited classmates from Chengda Normal School in Guilin and an imam from Jiaxing, Zhejiang, to lead the services.
+
+After the Chendai Islamic Association Group was established, they began preparing to build the Chendai Mosque. They sent out a letter to Muslims across the country, but only a few mosques in Ankang, Shaanxi, and Yunnan sent a few hundred yuan in funds. After this, former classmates from Yuanchengda Normal School in Hong Kong sent the Letter to Ding Clan Relatives to Ding family members in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and overseas. They received 70,000 yuan in donations from the Five Halal Surnames Association (Jin, Ding, Ma, Bai, and Guo, all originating from Hui Muslims in Quanzhou) based in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, and the Philippines.
+
+Chendai Mosque was built in 1991 and officially opened in 1993, when the Jinjiang Islamic Association was also established. The Ding family of Chendai hired Imam Ma Zhiwei from Inner Mongolia as their first religious leader, while Ding Jinke and Ding Jinshun served as the first directors of the mosque management committee and the Islamic Association, respectively. After the 1990s, the Chendai Ding family sent nearly 60 young people to study religion at home and abroad, with some attending Arabic language schools in Inner Mongolia.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ed9opg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bt1mda.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9kpwb2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t2de4j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tv985e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q6pa8h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aesm9z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/swl4jq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v0e6lu.jpg)
+
+Inside the courtyard of Chendai Mosque stands a Tree of Friendship planted in 1991 by the UNESCO Maritime Silk Road expedition team and the then-ambassadors to China from Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Bahrain. It is now lush and green.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ib8yce.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/72c2u9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6xso3h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1jtfq4.jpg)
+
+The Chendai Hui Muslim History Museum is located inside the Ding Family Ancestral Hall, and you can enter it directly from the courtyard of Chendai Mosque. The Ding Family Ancestral Hall was first built in the early 15th century. It was destroyed during the Wokou pirate raids in 1561 (the 40th year of the Jiajing reign). It was soon rebuilt under the leadership of Ding Yi and Ding Zishen, expanded again by Ding Rijin in 1599 (the 27th year of the Wanli reign), and renovated several times during the Xianfeng and Guangxu periods. The Chendai Hui Muslim History Museum opened inside the Ding Family Ancestral Hall in 1984 to display the cultural heritage of the Chendai Ding Hui Muslims.
+
+The Chendai Hui Muslims History Museum is usually closed. Just call Uncle Ding, the caretaker, using the number on the wall by the door. He will come over to open it for you, and admission is free.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/if6rk0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wf7632.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a5w5vw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jqpsbw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0awcuc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n3uc1s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zed437.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cw9kpg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xidpaw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/42n2mn.jpg)
+
+Inside the museum, you can see plaques for the Chendai Hui Muslims History Museum and the Chendai Ten Thousand Dings, both inscribed by Yang Jingren, who served as the head of the United Front Work Department and the director of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission. Next to the plaques, there are beautiful wood carvings of Kufic script, which is a style of Arabic calligraphy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/flchjd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t58y1c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e36bca.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/it5myv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8im4pk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/roi75j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p2a1go.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2biele.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6py7v7.jpg)
+
+The auspicious bird symbol of the Chendai Ding family reminds people of the Lion of Ali emblem found on walls in Shia communities in Bangkok. These are all symbols of ethnic identity.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/56jnb0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5pe5mn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kjo6ay.jpg)
+
+The most important artifact in the Chendai Hui Muslims History Museum is the tombstone of Ding Jiezhai, the ancestor of the Chendai Ding family. The front of the tombstone is inscribed with 'Erected in the winter of the fourth year of the Taiding era (1327), Tomb of Ding Jiezhai of the Great Yuan,' and the back says 'Buried at the original site of Lingtang Mountain in Dongtangtou.' Wu Wenliang discovered the Ding Jiezhai tombstone in 1940 while digging at the foundation of the East Gate in Quanzhou. In 2003, his children donated it to the Chendai Hui Muslims History Museum, where it is kept today.
+
+According to the Ding family genealogy, the Ren'an Fujun Biography, 'Master Jiezhai came from Suzhou to trade in Minquan and chose to settle in Quanzhou city.' The inscription mentioning Dongtangtou Lingtang Mountain refers to the Lingshan Sacred Tomb, which has been the burial site for the Ding family of Chendai since the Yuan Dynasty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0m7oqe.jpg)
+
+Various stone carvings on display at the Chendai Hui Muslims History Museum.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5ikjsa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5afby4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wti328.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ehjilo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hd0umf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qljsiu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bz0wfg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ptkj86.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pm7xy3.jpg)
+
+Famous figures from the Ding family of Chendai introduced inside the Chendai Hui Muslims History Museum.
+
+Ding Gongchen (1800-1875) was a mechanical engineering expert in the late Qing Dynasty. When he was young, he traveled abroad for business to places like the Philippines, Iran, and Arabia, where he gathered a lot of knowledge about Western machinery. After Ding Gongchen returned to China in 1840, the Opium War broke out. Based on his research into Western firearms, he wrote the book Illustrated Explanation of Artillery (Yanpao Tushuo) and tested cast cannons in Guangdong, which became the most advanced artillery in the Qing Dynasty at that time. After the war, Ding Gongchen revised his book into the Essentials of Illustrated Explanation of Artillery (Yanpao Tushuo Jiyao). The attached section, Illustrated Explanation of Western Steam-Powered Vehicles and Ships, was the first book written by a Chinese author about steam engines, trains, and steamships. In 1850, Ding Gongchen successfully developed a modern large rocket made from a metal rocket tube in Guilin, marking the beginning of modern rocket research in China.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/peid1p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xmkk6d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/efhpqx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vnx4lb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/peraan.jpg)
+
+entrepreneurs from the Ding family of Chendai include Anta Group Chairman Ding Shizhong and Vice Chairman Ding Shijia, Xtep Group founder Ding Jinzhao and President Ding Shuibo, 361° Chairman Ding Wuhao, and Silan Group Chairman Ding Zongyin.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n9wiq1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h10y5v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tw6ckc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w7hxgb.jpg)
+
+The plaques and ancestral spirit tablets inside the Chendai Hui Muslims History Museum.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mmehp1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/juc1jx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ly2wkv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/snsql1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/93l4bd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pd7dtm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2hoelz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5s4lio.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ozdh2j.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Islamic_History_Guide__Quanzhou_Xingzhai_Guo_Family_Ancestral_Hall_and_Hui_Musli.md b/content/Islamic_History_Guide__Quanzhou_Xingzhai_Guo_Family_Ancestral_Hall_and_Hui_Musli.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0cd822492a92ee452f58afcaa9f59583eabf42af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Islamic_History_Guide__Quanzhou_Xingzhai_Guo_Family_Ancestral_Hall_and_Hui_Musli.md
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+---
+title: "Islamic History Guide: Quanzhou Xingzhai Guo Family Ancestral Hall and Hui Muslim Heritage"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2403"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2403"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:02Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui History"
+content_hash: "99dd8b8eb5828c1fd8a7a4bc884e83a08d6fd7ea5a61dc687e573e7f3de21b1e"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Islamic History Guide: Quanzhou Xingzhai Guo Family Ancestral Hall and Hui Muslim Heritage
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Quanzhou Xingzhai Guo Family Ancestral Hall and Hui Muslim Heritage is presented as a clear English travel account for readers interested in Muslim life, halal food, mosques, and local history. The article keeps the original place names, food details, photographs, and cultural context while focusing on Quanzhou, Hui Muslims, Family Heritage.
+
+In Quanzhou, besides the famous Baiqi Guo family of Hui Muslims, there is another branch known as the Jundong Guo family of Hui Muslims. According to family records, the ancestors of both the Baiqi Guo and Jundong Guo families came from Guo Family Village in Fuyang, Zhejiang, and were descendants of Guo Zhang. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Guo Zhang's sons, Guo Deguang and Guo Dezhao, along with Guo Dezhao's grandson Guo Mengliang, all moved to Quanzhou. The Quanzhou Prefecture Gazetteer records: 'Guo Tong, courtesy name Mengliang, art name Leqiao, was originally from Fuyang, Zhejiang.' At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he followed his grand-uncle to Quanzhou to serve as the Salt Commissioner.
+
+Because Guo Mengliang lived on East Street in Quanzhou, his descendants became known as the Jundong Guo family. During the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, Guo Mengliang's fifth-generation grandsons, Guo Quan and Guo Yuan, moved from East Street to Xingzhai Village, and their descendants are also called the Xingzhai Guo family.
+
+The Xingzhai Guo family ancestral temple was first built in the mid-Ming Dynasty, rebuilt after being struck by lightning in 1670, expanded again in 1947, and has undergone many repairs since then. Today, the Xingzhai Guo Family Ancestral Hall is a large Minnan-style ancestral shrine with three rows of buildings and two courtyards. It is a protected cultural site in Quanzhou and serves as the cultural activity center for the Xingzhai Hui Muslim Seniors Association. When we visited, there were many elderly people playing mahjong in the courtyard.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g24nzu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9xoqok.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9o881z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z5496r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/azf2uy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vcf0ly.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/serc0n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k54kfw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sijwy4.jpg)
+
+Inside the Xingzhai Guo Family Ancestral Hall, there are several stone tablets. One is carved with the words, 'Sharing the same noble lineage, forever bonding the Han and Hui,' and another is inscribed with 'Site of the Islamic Mosque'. People say there was once a mosque inside the Xingzhai Guo Family Ancestral Hall, but no written records have been found to confirm this yet.
+
+Compared to the Guo Hui Muslims of Baiqi, the history of religious changes among the Xingzhai Guo Hui Muslims is much less clear. Guo Zhongyuan, the first ancestor to move to Baiqi, was a cousin of Guo Mengliang, the first ancestor to move to Xingzhai. After moving to Baiqi in the early Ming Dynasty, he built a mosque. According to the Guo family genealogy, 'Preface to Returning to the Hui Teachings,' it states: 'Since our ancestor established the foundation in Baiqi, he kept thirty volumes of the holy scriptures, built a mosque, respected the teachings, and made recognizing Allah the foundation.' According to the book 'Quanzhou Religious Stone Carvings,' the Xingzhai Guo Family Ancestral Hall held a collection of Muslim tombstone fragments before it was renovated. There were also Muslim tomb stones dug up by the Xingzhai Guo clan in 1973 while they were reclaiming land from the sea. Unfortunately, I did not see these tomb stones when I visited the Xingzhai Guo Family Ancestral Hall this time.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ca72oc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rxih66.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/89vtvg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r0fhxl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h36dqe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7dvzws.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a1s4ph.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2q4wzp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nsvdky.jpg)
+
+The street scene near the Guo Family Ancestral Hall in Xingzhai, where local women also have the custom of wearing headscarves.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fwev6l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/24fu02.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uh82zs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tx94qu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9f8lum.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/moodpl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yvht89.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Langzhong_Ancient_City_Muslim_Travel_Guide__Mosques__Hui_Muslims__amp__Halal_Foo.md b/content/Langzhong_Ancient_City_Muslim_Travel_Guide__Mosques__Hui_Muslims__amp__Halal_Foo.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99cadf3fb49d36afcdbfae10c4a5a4324efa14cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Langzhong_Ancient_City_Muslim_Travel_Guide__Mosques__Hui_Muslims__amp__Halal_Foo.md
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+---
+title: "Langzhong Ancient City Muslim Travel Guide: Mosques, Hui Muslims & Halal Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1849"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1849"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:10Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "24f2f3ced163f6bc26ab21136a6006dff821fdb855a395e7bfe83c216807ad0a"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Langzhong Ancient City Muslim Travel Guide: Mosques, Hui Muslims & Halal Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Langzhong Ancient City Muslim Travel Guide: Mosques, Hui Muslims & Halal Food. Along the Jialing River, Langzhong is the place where Muslim culture is best preserved and the community is relatively the most complete. It is useful for readers interested in Langzhong Ancient City, Hui Muslims, Muslim Travel.
+
+Along the Jialing River, Langzhong is the place where Muslim culture is best preserved and the community is relatively the most complete. In addition to the Gedimu (a traditional school of Islam in China) religious community formed by the Langzhong Mosque and Mosque Street, there is also the Baba Mosque, a gongbei (shrine) for the first-generation ancestor of the Sufi Qadiriyya menhuan (Sufi order), as well as the Boshu Hui Muslim township in the mountains.
+
+**Langzhong Mosque**
+
+Langzhong Mosque was built in 1669 (the eighth year of the Kangxi reign) with funds raised by Hui Muslim Bao Tianzuo, and was completed in 1672 (the eleventh year of the Kangxi reign). The mosque originally covered an area of more than ten mu (a unit of land area), but after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the primary school and kindergarten were separated, and it now only covers four mu. The mosque is a siheyuan (courtyard house) enclosed by the gate, north and south wing rooms, and the main prayer hall. The main hall has five visible bays and three hidden ones, with suspended pillars, appearing ancient and grand.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gy278g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pmmb7y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xtfqyk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9zgytb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gtn0f1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fw88pc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hpw9ul.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zfgdms.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wv06yu.jpg)
+
+Because it has been raining in Langzhong, everyone was at home performing namaz (prayer) during the day, and I only met the elders at the mosque in the evening. Because the ahong (imam) returned to his hometown for personal matters, a dost (friend/fellow believer) who had studied religious texts in Yunnan was leading the prayer. The dost is from Guangyuan. After marrying a wife from Langzhong, he settled here and opened the Wenxian Baozi Shop across from the mosque. I had a very pleasant chat with everyone, and the next day I went back to the Wenxian Baozi Shop to eat baozi (steamed stuffed buns) and beef noodles. At the entrance of the mosque in the early morning, there is a morning market selling various fresh vegetables and halal food.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gogfus.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yo4qm0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ya414y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3y5qpz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dif72f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ljr8hi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b9bnj6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1g93bk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/knnd64.jpg)
+
+There are many halal restaurants in the ancient town of Langzhong. At one of them, I ate twice-cooked pork made with yanyeziniurou (salt-leaf beef), as well as Chuanbei liangfen (Sichuan-style mung bean jelly) and baitang zhengmo (steamed buns with white sugar). Baitang zhengmo is also a specialty delicacy of the Hui Muslims in Langzhong. It was created by the Hui Muslim pastry chef Ha Gongkui during the Qianlong period. It does not use lye but is fermented with naturally cultivated enzymes, and it also contains some osmanthus flowers; it can be steamed again.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y2l0u7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hdzadw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xfov6o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/laa3v3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m0p4t4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q0ejlf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3h9f17.jpg)
+
+Hui Muslims in Langzhong are famous for their braised beef. The most famous time-honored brand is Huazhen Beef, and their yanyeziniurou has been listed as a Sichuan provincial intangible cultural heritage.
+
+In 1883 (the ninth year of the Guangxi reign), Hui Muslim Ma Xiao opened a halal beef shop on Libaisi Street, specializing in making braised beef and dried beef. Because he always used lotus leaves or mulberry leaves to wrap the braised beef when selling it, it was called 'yanyeziniurou' (salt-leaf beef). Compared with dried beef, yanyeziniurou is softer and more fragrant. The famous educator Yan Yangchu praised Ma Xiao's beef as 'Huaxia Zhenxiu' (a rare delicacy of China) after tasting it, so Ma Xiao later adopted the name 'Huazhen'.
+
+Later, Ma Xiao passed the business to his son Ma Boliang. After the public-private partnership in 1958, Ma Boliang worked at the Langzhong Beef Processing Factory (the predecessor of Zhangfei Beef), specializing in making dried beef and yanyeziniurou, until he retired at nearly eighty years old in 1980. After retirement, Ma Boliang passed the craft to his daughter Ma Huazhen, and then to his grandson Ma Limin, who is the fourth-generation successor.
+
+In 1988, Ma Limin restarted selling beef on Libaisi Street in Langzhong, supervised by his grandfather Ma Boliang, using traditional methods. Huazhen Beef has grown bigger and bigger since then. Now you can buy Huazhen Beef everywhere in Langzhong, but the old shop is still on Libaisi Street.
+
+I bought a bag of yanyeziniurou at the Huazhen Beef shop on Libaisi Street, took it home, and made twice-cooked beef, which tasted very good.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wt9bfv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fh87dz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e4h5ix.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c3jkkt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lqopff.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i1dnf0.jpg)
+
+I bought 'Ahong Youxiang' (fried dough) and tea snacks at the Mulin Halal Pastry Shop. It was the first time I had eaten youxiang that tasted like a tea snack. Mulin has been open for nearly thirty years. It was initially next to the Langzhong Mosque, then moved to the Muslim Home on Jingsheng'an Street, and now they have opened a new workshop on Jingsheng'an Street. Their shop is considered a relatively large halal pastry shop in Langzhong, specializing in osmanthus mooncakes, which many people buy before the Mid-Autumn Festival every year.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fj6ywr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cd7g3u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rchf2g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k2qgzz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mssoyc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kx3zkc.jpg)
+
+The largest halal restaurant in Langzhong is Gulan Gulang. I ordered steamed pork with rice flour and Hui-style guozha (deep-fried dough) here.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z8ao8u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ltfji4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0skpq0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wzgfoa.jpg)
+
+Street view of Libaisi Street in Langzhong, where the whole street is filled with Hui Muslims selling braised beef.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3sq0k0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zuv6cs.jpg)
+
+There are still many other places in the ancient city of Langzhong that sell halal beef.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u0go8u.jpg)
+
+**The ancient city of Langzhong at dusk and dawn.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e6mzkr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9j5ifl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nmx369.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ha2yj7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j7e5hc.jpg)
+
+**The inn where I stayed.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mid8ae.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9i11my.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/anpbwy.jpg)
+
+**The Jialing River after the rain.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ifgtw9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mo36aj.jpg)
+
+**Baba Mosque.**
+
+Langzhong Baba Mosque is the tomb of Huazhe Abudonglaxi, the first-generation ancestor of the Qadiriyya menhuan. Qadiriyya is one of the four major Sufi menhuan in China, introduced to China by Huazhe Abudonglaxi in 1673. In 1684, Abudonglaxi was invited to Langzhong to preach, and he passed away in Langzhong in 1689. In 1691, his disciple Qi Jingyi and others built a gongbei for their master, naming it 'Jiuzhao Pavilion'. Since then, the Baba Mosque has been guarded by the Da Gongbei system founded by Qi Jingyi.
+
+The Baba Mosque was expanded during the Qianlong period and has been well preserved ever since, until 1991 when the Jiuzhao Pavilion was rebuilt and heightened into its current three-tiered, four-cornered helmet-roof structure. Jiuzhao Pavilion is the most important building in the Baba Mosque. The inner chamber is the tomb of Abudonglaxi, and the southwest corner of the outer chamber is the tomb of Abudonglaxi's disciple Ma Shenyi, who guarded the gongbei for more than twenty years.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dl0tvg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qli1jq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/obxoux.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7vyl3c.jpg)
+
+Next to the Jiuzhao Pavilion are the tombs of the past masters.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dzgnq6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mkt9qg.jpg)
+
+Directly facing the Jiuzhao Pavilion is a wooden memorial archway with four pillars, three bays, and three stories. The dougong (bracket sets) are complex and overlapping. The front plaque reads 'Ben Di Yuan Zu' (The Origin of the True Path), and the back plaque from the Daoguang period reads 'Yang Zhi' (Look Up with Respect).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b9c6ci.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rqxiyq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8nwvsr.jpg)
+
+The screen wall faces a brick-imitation-wood chuihua gate (a decorative gate with hanging pendants), which is exquisitely carved.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xheauc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pvk0k7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0rv134.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ioex7.jpg)
+
+Outside the chuihua gate is a water-polished large screen wall built during the Qianlong period, ten meters long and eight meters high, with a dougong pavilion roof. The front is carved with openwork landscapes, and the back features pine, bamboo, and flowers, taken from the paintings of Zhang Zao of the Tang Dynasty and Tang Yin of the Ming Dynasty, respectively.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e684fi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eo3pqv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mrvfn4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ufvlz2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qf97xv.jpg)
+
+To the northeast of the Jiuzhao Pavilion is a courtyard consisting of a stele corridor, a prayer hall, the Qianhua Hall, and guest rooms. In the courtyard, there is a 'rootless tree' hanging high in the air brought back by Qi Jingyi from Xixiang, and a large camellia tree with a history of more than 200 years. The Qianhua Hall displays a series of plaques and calligraphy and paintings by famous artists.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/agzz40.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6vyfx9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sn1sxr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3kqefe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/txegth.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cx5i01.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t29k4z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/phmz29.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1xdy63.jpg)
+
+**The prayer hall of the Baba Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xsx2wg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mueo11.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ltyxws.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/faxjc7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nqiq9l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/80gl2g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0o4fkv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rhgl3k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v7ro5u.jpg)
+
+**Boshu Mosque.**
+
+In addition to the ancient city of Langzhong, there is also a Boshu Hui Muslim township in the mountains outside the city. In 1741, more than 100 local Hui Muslim households, mainly with the surname Pu, raised funds to build the Boshu Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pvg7zg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0syph1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/picqxy.jpg)
+
+Two nearly century-old osmanthus trees are planted in the courtyard.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mq14bj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/57stuf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dyx4nt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ihd4p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/44o2kq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qnq6gq.jpg)
+
+When I went there, the ahong happened to be out, so the imam's wife received me. The imam's wife is from Bazhong and, like me, is a convert to Islam. She came to this ancient mosque in the mountains with the ahong. The imam's wife gave me pears that the local villagers had just picked and sent over; they were crisp, sweet, and very delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2xhcpx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/63bfo2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6gl8ns.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Mosque_Management_Committees_in_China.md b/content/Mosque_Management_Committees_in_China.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..847fc7395aa5d2a9cb95e230cd6b30d733ce7a68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Mosque_Management_Committees_in_China.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+title: "Mosque Management Committees in China"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1672"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1672"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:18:53Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "507e21c9c500f2ee9e05ef30e57a240814fb4e3c159e45c5e65313c2e88d793b"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Mosque Management Committees in China
+
+
+
+**3.3 Mosque Management Committees (寺管会)**
+
+Oversight of mosque management committees has increased dramatically, with new regulations intended to increase financial transparency and to ensure that mosques appoint state-approved imams. As noted above, mosque management committees in theory have decisive authority over the affairs of a single mosque. Formed by representatives of the local congregation, mosque management committees manage mosque buildings, the financial affairs of the congregation, and any property owned by the mosque, which in some instances includes rental properties. Mosque management committees also convene selection processes for imams. As imams often serve three-year terms before rotating to a different mosque, mosque management committees are often the greatest continuity in the life of a mosque community.
+
+Since 2017 the party-state and the CIA have moved to assert much tighter control over mosque management committees, especially in areas of dense Muslim settlement. The new “Administrative Measures for Religious Activity Venues,” issued by SARA in 2023, require the establishment of “democratic management organizations” within each individual religious venue. The rules for composition of the committees permit “other relevant figures” to sit, opening the door for cadres to direct the affairs of religious institutions as serving committee members. The first listed duty of members of the management committee (Article 30) is to teach their fellow citizens to be patriotic and to adhere to Sinicization. Registration requirements ensure that local Party offices and the relevant district associations of national religious groups (i.e., local branches of the CIA) have broad oversight of committee composition and membership. Furthermore, religious venues are required to have a supervisory mechanism to oversee committee member behavior. If a misbehaving committee member is not removed in a timely fashion, local authorities have the power to intervene. The text also states that religious venues should not have relationships to each other.
+
+The “Measures for the Democratic Management of Mosques,” republished by the CIA in August 2023, can be read as the official interpretation of the SARA regulations for Islamic communities. The full regulations provide extensive regulation on the duties of the committees, and the permitted scope of mosque activities. These measures explicitly place mosque management committees under CIA guidance. The Measures also include a wide range of causes for which members of the mosque management committee must be dismissed – including refusal to abide by CIA regulations, attendance at unapproved religious events, and actions that would ‘damage internal Islamic harmony’, echoing the SARA regulations.
+
+In numerous cases, on-the-ground stipulations for mosque management committees exceed the requirements of the new regulations. These regulations have been enforced to remove mosque management committee members who might have spearheaded opposition to changes. As with many aspects of Sinicization policy, the formal changes to regulations for mosque management committees have been preceded by years of tightening regulation.
+
+Beginning in 2018, Qinghai has trialed a requirement that leadership of the mosque management committee has been required to be held concurrently by the village Party Secretary and the head of the Village Committee. Mosque management committee members were also required to attend political training on laws, religious policy and key Party Congresses. A document issued in 2019 by the Party committee of Tianya District, in Sanya, Hainan, contains a similar stipulation that mosque committees must contain a Party member. These changes suggest that requirements for mosque management committees to contain at least some Party members may be widespread. Under the tightened rules for Party members outlined above, they cannot display religious faith nor attend religious events, meaning that a mosque management head who is also the village Party Secretary would be formally barred from routine Islamic observance.
+
+Overall, the picture points towards much greater oversight and attention to mosque management committees. Elections to mosque committees take place under careful management of the local United Front and local Party cadres: in a 2023 example from Tianjin, twenty chosen neighbourhood representatives participated in the voting process under the watchful eye of district cadres. Mosque management committees are increasingly given extensive training: in 2024, Sichuan required mosque management committees from 14 prefectures to attend a seven-day training, with an emphasis on Sinicization and the importance of strict governance of religion.
+
+Changes to mosque management committees have been utilized as a precursor to pushing through further measures likely to be unpalatable to the community. In Hualong, Qinghai, the head of a mosque management committee was detained for seven days for “inappropriate language” concerning the appointment of a new imam to the Xining Dongguan Great Mosque. In the wake of his detention, “revisions” were made to the composition of the mosque management committee. In Huangniwan, a village near Linxia in Gansu, an investigation into mosque finances was used as justification for removal of mosque management committee members who might have resisted proposals to merge mosques in the village (see 7.0 Mosque Mergers). In Yunnan, following high-profile protests against architectural renovations at Najiaying Mosque in summer 2023, a notice on the renovations was issued in the name of the Najiaying Mosque Management Committee and the Najiaying Mosque Supervisory Committee – however, observers noted that in fact both committees had been dismissed and replaced by Party supporters and United Front figures.
+
+The changes to regulation of management committees allow much greater oversight of the management of individual venues. The combined impact of the duties placed on mosque management committee members requires them also to act as agents of Party religious policy, with consequences for any who resist. The on-the-ground requirement for mosque management committees to contain a Party member found in Qinghai and elsewhere in effect transform these bodies into Party committees within mosques, whilst the reinforced directives against any relationship between mosques work to atomize mosque communities, ensuring they are connected only via the Islamic Association bodies.
+
+There are hints of resistance to this from within communities who had been used to significant self-governance. As an example, inset text messages within an essay by an Islamophobic activist describe a particularly fraught conference held to discuss proposed renovations to mosques in Weishan, Yunnan. The writer reports that at the conference, one mosque representative made the case that, as mosques are governed by their communities, “the signatures and seals of any Islamic Association or management committee are all powerless.” However, as non-compliant committee members are removed for any resistance, the ability of communities to influence the direction of their mosques decreases. In the place of genuinely democratic mosque management committees is merely a veneer of community inclusion pasted across religious policy determined from within the Islamic Associations and the United Front.
+
+ 
diff --git a/content/Mosque_Near_Beijing_Anheqiao__Anheqiao_Mosque__Friday_Prayer_and_Hui_Muslim_Memo.md b/content/Mosque_Near_Beijing_Anheqiao__Anheqiao_Mosque__Friday_Prayer_and_Hui_Muslim_Memo.md
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b02aa40b1ffc3549a9c405259f6957b70162ab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Mosque_Near_Beijing_Anheqiao__Anheqiao_Mosque__Friday_Prayer_and_Hui_Muslim_Memo.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+title: "Mosque Near Beijing Anheqiao: Anheqiao Mosque, Friday Prayer and Hui Muslim Memories"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3093"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3093"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:51Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "95e8e83304c15c6375cf207ce686ba0c50fa92b273584ea3fd22e84e4b98304c"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Mosque Near Beijing Anheqiao: Anheqiao Mosque, Friday Prayer and Hui Muslim Memories
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This Beijing mosque note recalls a Friday visit to Anheqiao Mosque after a trip toward the Summer Palace in September 2023. It preserves the personal memory, route choice, mosque details, and Hui Muslim context from the source.
+
+I visited Beijing in late September 2023. September 29th was a Friday, and I headed out early with a friend to the Summer Palace. By noon, this was the closest mosque.
+
+When I first heard the name Anhe Bridge, I immediately thought of the song Anhe Bridge by Song Dongye. I never expected to be so close to it at that moment.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oyhxzi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qdezdr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5lgyqk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5u0mhs.jpg)
+
+I remember the elderly man in the wudu room had a thick Beijing accent, just like the characters in those old Beijing TV dramas. We visitors from out of town couldn't quite mimic it. The imam was quite young and spoke standard Mandarin.
+
+There seemed to be an event that day, so the mosque fried some deep-fried dough (youxiang) and put them in bags by the door for anyone visiting to take. It was a pity I had to keep moving and couldn't take any.
+
+This prayer hall is actually quite unique. Most traditional mosques in China have a hip-and-gable roof (xieshan ding), often connected to a shed-style roof (juanpeng xieshan ding). Some smaller mosques just have a simple gable roof (yingshan ding). But this one has an octagonal, three-tiered spire roof (zuanjian ding).
+
+The lighting inside is good because the second and third levels of the roof are fitted with glass to let the sunlight in. The ceiling is also decorated with stained glass and calligraphy.
+
+Before coming here, I actually visited Niujie. The small hexagonal-roofed building at the entrance of the Niujie Mosque was undergoing repairs at the time, so I missed my chance to see it. It was covered up, so I couldn't take a photo.
diff --git a/content/Muslim_Culture_Guide__Ashura_Day___Fasting__Memory_and_Hui_Muslim_Traditions.md b/content/Muslim_Culture_Guide__Ashura_Day___Fasting__Memory_and_Hui_Muslim_Traditions.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b5c7860064717a3e2dc1fb9efa70f0ecaae2e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Muslim_Culture_Guide__Ashura_Day___Fasting__Memory_and_Hui_Muslim_Traditions.md
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+title: "Muslim Culture Guide: Ashura Day - Fasting, Memory and Hui Muslim Traditions"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2399"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2399"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:02Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "722a0be10d6a29b97530cf0c4cb55c2986b817c1ae95e2ea37c159b7e14d113d"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Muslim Culture Guide: Ashura Day - Fasting, Memory and Hui Muslim Traditions
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Ashura Day - Fasting, Memory and Hui Muslim Traditions is presented as a clear English travel account for readers interested in Muslim life, halal food, mosques, and local history. The article keeps the original place names, food details, photographs, and cultural context while focusing on Ashura, Muslim Culture, Hui Muslims.
+
+This Tuesday was the 10th of Muharram, the Day of Ashura. As usual, we made the Urumqi Hui Muslim version of Ashura bean rice (dou dou fan).
+
+After work, I went to the supermarket to buy beans. This time I used seven kinds: soybeans, black beans, mung beans, red beans, chickpeas, white kidney beans, and lotus beans. First, I cooked the seven types of beans in a pressure cooker until soft. Then, I diced some Qurbani lamb and chopped green onions. I stir-fried the meat with the green onions, adding salt and Sichuan peppercorn powder. I added rice and sticky rice to the cooked beans, then mixed in the stir-fried meat. I set the pressure cooker to the rice cooking mode to finish it.
+
+Since our pressure cooker wasn't big enough, the water boiled away a bit too much. After taking it out, we added more water to thin it out. Actually, the traditional way is to simmer it in a large pot for a long time.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ebt1z2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t34o1m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xdqvyw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1p10a8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eofgq4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1r6u7m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cna5lo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xon0it.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ql8wqs.jpg)
+
+Legend says that when the Great Flood receded and Prophet Nuh's ship reached land, he and his followers used the seven types of beans on the ship to make the first meal for humanity after the disaster. Across a vast region from Bosnia and Turkey in the west to China in the east, many friends (dostani) make Ashura bean porridge today to remember the landing of Noah's Ark.
+
+You can actually find Ashura bean porridge at the Sultan Turkish Restaurant in Beijing, but the Turkish version is more like a dessert and tastes quite different from the Chinese one.
+
+The Ottoman-style Ashure does not have a fixed recipe, as it changes based on the region and the habits of each family. Tradition says you should use at least seven ingredients, though some believe you should use ten to match the theme of the tenth day, while the Alevis always use twelve ingredients. Common ingredients include wheat, barley, rice, white kidney beans, chickpeas, grape molasses (pekmez), pomegranate molasses, beet juice, dates, raisins, currants, apricots, figs, apples, pistachios, almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts, pine nuts, and sesame seeds. You can decorate the finished Ashure with fennel seeds, black cumin seeds, plums, pomegranate, cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg.
+
+Today, you can buy Ashure in dessert shops all year round in Turkey and the Balkans. However, on the Day of Ashura, people still prefer to make Ashure themselves and share it with the poor, relatives, neighbors, and friends.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tmu3g6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h6vw4b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rhsykf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e9nnzx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ef2wz0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/65ztvq.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Muslim_Friendly_Indonesia__A_Chinese_Hui_Muslim_Travel_Account_with_Mosques_and.md b/content/Muslim_Friendly_Indonesia__A_Chinese_Hui_Muslim_Travel_Account_with_Mosques_and.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb223f8d5dfad62d670096ccd9a1a6be1e2eb0a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Muslim_Friendly_Indonesia__A_Chinese_Hui_Muslim_Travel_Account_with_Mosques_and.md
@@ -0,0 +1,814 @@
+---
+title: "Muslim Friendly Indonesia: A Chinese Hui Muslim Travel Account with Mosques and Halal Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3044"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/3044"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:47Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "3c28553732ff548a0bbecda3d94ca7453d424498977efc8861bc1a2dcdd6be60"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Muslim Friendly Indonesia: A Chinese Hui Muslim Travel Account with Mosques and Halal Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Muslim Friendly Indonesia: A Chinese Hui Muslim Travel Account with Mosques and Halal Food is presented here as a clear English travel account for Muslim readers, beginning with this scene: Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world. The Muslim population exceeds 200 million. They mainly believe in the Shafi'i school of law. However, Indonesian Muslims have always. The article keeps the original place names, food details, photographs, and cultural context while focusing on Indonesia Travel, Hui Muslims, Halal Food.
+
+Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world. The Muslim population exceeds 200 million. They mainly believe in the Shafi'i school of law. However, Indonesian Muslims have always been marginalized in the Muslim world. However, since Indonesia became independent from the colonizers in 1945, this marginalized situation has gradually improved. Nowadays, hundreds of thousands of people in Indonesia go to Mecca for pilgrimage every year. They are called "the rice of Hijaz". Hijaz is Mecca and Medina.
+
+Indonesia is currently visa-free for mainland China. You only need to bring your passport to enter the country by air. There is no need to apply in advance and it does not cost a penny. However, I saw many netizens complaining on the Internet about being asked for tips by the customs when entering Indonesia. I flew from Beijing to Jakarta and was not asked for tips. Maybe It is an isolated phenomenon. My consistent principle is that I will never give any customs tips. This kind of bribery and bribery are not allowed to be done by Muslims. The worst is the worst. Although the tip is only ten or twenty yuan, the issue of principle cannot be compromised. Moreover, this phenomenon only targets Chinese people, and we cannot encourage this unhealthy trend of discrimination.
+
+When I went to Vietnam before, I heard that tipping was required, but I never encountered it. My approach was to prepare round-trip air tickets and hotel reservations in advance, print them out, and when I entered the country, the customs asked me what I was doing. I showed him the itinerary I had already prepared, which showed that my purpose of travel was clear. The customs officer knew immediately that he was an experienced driver, so he had no reason to ask for a tip before letting me enter the country.
+
+Most of the online guides look at Indonesia from the perspective of non-Muslims. I read a lot of them and feel that they all use colored glasses to judge the main ethnic groups in Indonesia, which is neither superficial nor objective. Now I will introduce my halal trip to Indonesia from the perspective of a Chinese Hui.
+
+Things you need to prepare before leaving for Indonesia:
+
+**1. Round-trip air tickets and hotel orders**
+
+, print it out for later use in case customs checks and asks for tips;
+
+**2. Mobile WiFi**
+
+, can be rented on all major travel websites, and the cost is about 10 yuan a day. Renting WiFi is more convenient than buying a local phone card. According to my past experience, mobile phone signals on many islands are not as good as WiFi. International roaming can be activated in advance, but its use is limited to receiving text messages. International roaming still cannot access websites such as Google when abroad, but mobile WiFi can. Google Maps is very important abroad;
+
+**3. Power conversion socket**
+
+, the power plug in Indonesia is wider than that in China and needs to be converted. You can buy a globally accepted multi-functional conversion power supply online;
+
+**4. Grab**
+
+, a popular taxi-hailing software APP in Southeast Asia, you must have this one, it is very easy to use, you can bind a credit card for payment, no cash is required, otherwise the probability of getting ripped off when taking a taxi is almost 100%;
+
+**5. Sunscreen, mosquito repellent, sunglasses, slippers**
+
+, are all necessities of tropical life.
+
+**6. Indonesian rupiah cash**
+
+, you can exchange it domestically or at the Indonesian airport. Indonesian money is relatively rough, 10,000 Indonesian rupiah is equivalent to about 5 yuan in RMB.
+
+**First stop Jakarta**
+
+Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia and the largest city in Indonesia. Many people only use Jakarta as a transit point for a short stay. In fact, there are many places to visit and play in Jakarta. It is a microcosm of Indonesia and you can experience various Indonesian cultures. If your schedule is not tight, you can choose to stay in Jakarta for a few more days. But for me, a food blogger, the most attractive thing about Jakarta is that you can eat halal versions of food from all over the world.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d8bi5f.jpg)
+
+**Xiamen Airlines halal meals**
+
+I need to praise Xiamen Airlines’ halal meals, which are better than the halal meals I’ve had on other domestic airlines. Here is a reminder: I did not book a halal meal in advance when I bought the Xiamen Airlines ticket this time. However, Xiamen Airlines will proactively provide halal and non-halal meal options for flights to Jakarta, so there is no need to book in advance.
+
+In fact, except for low-cost airlines that do not actively provide catering services, almost all airlines have meal reservation services. There is no additional charge for reservations of religious meals, and the fees are included in the ticket. However, you need to make a reservation at least 24 hours in advance. You can use the airline's app to make reservations, you can also make reservations through the airline's customer service phone number, or you can also make reservations through the customer service of the platform where you buy air tickets. If you are not sure about the airline’s ingredients, you can also order a vegetarian meal. Some airlines can set food preferences in the app, so that whenever you buy a ticket from that company in the future, the system will automatically reserve halal meals.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dlho92.png)
+
+**DIGITAL AIRPORT CAPSULE HOTEL**
+
+After flying during the day, it was already 10pm when I arrived in Jakarta. My plan was to fly from Jakarta to Komodo Island early the day after tomorrow. In order to save time and money, I chose the capsule hotel on the first floor of Terminal 3 of the airport. This way I didn’t have to take a car to the city when I landed that night, and I didn’t have to get up early to catch the flight the day after tomorrow. It turned out that my choice was very correct. Although the capsule hotel is small and can only accommodate one person, the facilities inside are complete and clean, including bottled water, towels, lockers, charging power, and TVs. It is like lying in a space warehouse.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kjlwau.png)
+
+The lights in the space can be adjusted to change color, and there is also air conditioning.
+
+The capsule hotel has a public bathroom. Although it is a public area, each room for bathing and washing is separate. The door is locked and it is like a separate bathroom. It does not feel awkward at all. I am very satisfied with my first experience in a capsule hotel. I hope this model can be promoted.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rs0yql.jpg)
+
+**MALACCA TOAST airport fast food restaurant**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y72su3.jpg)
+
+**egg sandwich**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yj8xiw.jpg)
+
+**Halal paper in the bathroom**
+
+But it cannot be said that you cannot eat non-halal food in Indonesia. There are some restaurants in Indonesia run by non-Muslims such as Catholics and Hindus that sell alcohol, but they will prompt that the restaurant is a pork-free restaurant. There are also some hijab girls eating in such restaurants. I have only seen Chinese restaurants in Surabaya that sell pork. You will never see anyone wearing a hijab in such a restaurant. If the restaurant door is clearly marked with the HALAL certification mark, it must be a restaurant that does not sell alcohol.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bor1h9.jpg)
+
+**Indonesian Halal Certification Mark**
+
+It looks like the picture above. The common halal certification mark in Indonesia is written in Arabic and Latin alphabet transliterations. HALAL also means halal in Indonesian. If the mark of some packaging is particularly small, it is better to simplify it and not write the letters HALAL, but also write حلال
+
+, to help the identification of dostis in various countries.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ip0ui.jpg)
+
+**SHABURI self-service Japanese hot pot restaurant**
+
+Located on the third floor of Soekarno Airport T3 terminal, a set meal costs RMB 60. It only has one plate of meat, vegetables, fruits, sushi, etc. You can eat as you like.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bronmn.jpg)
+
+The service in Indonesian restaurants is generally warm and considerate, especially the waiters’ sweet smiles.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0hlh6l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4dh93e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nd1uta.jpg)
+
+The single-person pot is very similar to the domestic Xiabuxiabu.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pom2uz.jpg)
+
+**Indonesian restaurant in Terminal 2**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g95v14.jpg)
+
+**Indonesian fried rice**
+
+The most popular fried rice in Indonesia is this kind of fried rice, which is also one of my favorite Indonesian delicacies. It can be eaten for breakfast. The price ranges from 6 yuan to 30 yuan. It is very popular in Southeast Asia. The method is to add sweet soy sauce, tamarind, shrimp, etc. to white rice and fry it. It is served with a variety of ingredients, including satay skewers, cucumbers, Indonesian shrimp cakes and fried eggs.
+
+**Istiqlal Mosque (MASJID ISTIQLAL)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/71y8ms.jpg)
+
+Jakarta's Istiqlal Mosque (Indonesian: Masjid Istiqlal, Arabic for "Independence") was built to celebrate Indonesia's independence. The foundation stone was laid on August 24, 1961, and it was opened on February 22, 1978. The architect Frederic Siraban was a Christian. the mosque was built next to the Jakarta Cathedral to symbolize the peaceful coexistence of religions.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x9db3j.jpg)
+
+When I came here, the whole place was under repair. It was the rainy season in Indonesia, and Jakarta had just experienced a flood. Many places were flooded. However, after the flood, everything was as usual. What impressed me most was that on the way the driver took me here, he talked about the floods in Jakarta. He pointed at the traces of water on both sides of the street and smiled stupidly. I was surprised that they could be so optimistic. The love of laughter is my deepest impression of Indonesians. Although Indonesians are poor, they have a high sense of happiness.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kcmumc.jpg)
+
+It is free to enter the mosque, but you need to take off your shoes and store them. The uncle at the door warmly welcomed me into the mosque and asked me to write down which country I came from and my religious belief in the registration book.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ozoxfr.jpg)
+
+I have learned about this mosque on TV before. It is considered the largest mosque in Southeast Asia and cost a huge amount of money to build. However, after visiting it on site, I did not find it as beautiful as I imagined. It turns out that during subsequent trips, I saw more unique Indonesian mosques.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ppkt09.jpg)
+
+**old jakarta**
+
+**(Kota Tua Jakarta)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/byuhoa.jpg)
+
+The Old City of Jakarta covers an area of ​​only 1.3 square kilometers, equivalent to the size of a square. There are many Dutch buildings in the Old City of Jakarta that were built in the 17th century. At that time, Jakarta was the headquarters of the Dutch East India Company for spice and other trade in Asia.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bs8zui.jpg)
+
+Let’s talk about the colonial history of Indonesia. A friend once asked me that there are so many Muslims in Indonesia. Why are their voices rarely heard in the world? The reason is that Indonesia has been colonized for a long time. From the 16th century to the 20th century, Indonesia has been colonized by the Netherlands. During World War II, the Japanese came and drove away the Dutch. Indonesia was colonized by Japan for several years. It was not until 1945 that Indonesia declared independence. Before that, Indonesia’s actual ruling class had never been Muslim, so Indonesian Muslims were marginalized internationally.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t3rnfj.jpg)
+
+**Jakarta old city street scene**
+
+Although Indonesia is considered a Muslim country, with more than 80% of the population being Muslims, it cannot be considered an Islamic country. Only countries whose state religion is Islam can be called Islamic countries, and Indonesia does not have a state religion. From this, we can also see the marginalized status of Indonesian Muslims in the history of the country. A country with 87% of the population being Muslim cannot actually establish Islam as the state religion. This can be done by Malaysia next door. The Muslim population in Malaysia is only 60%, but the state religion in Malaysia is Islam, so Malaysia is considered an Islamic country.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i4ql6q.jpg)
+
+**Performance in the Old Town Square**
+
+Indonesia’s constitution stipulates that citizens must have religious beliefs. The Jakarta Charter issued in 1905 clearly stated: “This country must be founded on the following principles: Believe in Shinto, and believers in Islam have the obligation to implement Sharia law in accordance with correct and moral humanitarian principles.
+
+Indonesian citizens cannot believe in anything, otherwise they will be treated as materialistic XXists. You know, this is related to what people often say about anti-Chinese in Indonesia, because at that time, most Chinese in Indonesia were associated with that doctrine. The pro-Western Major General Suharto overthrew the pro-German Sukarno government, and then began the anti-German purge. When the incident occurred, it was against XXists, not specifically Chinese, so blindly emphasizing anti-Chinese ignores the background of the incident.
+
+The Banda Aceh Special Administrative Region in Indonesia has implemented the second half of the "Jakarta Charter" and implemented Islamic law. Banda Aceh is in the northwest corner of Indonesia and is the city closest to Mecca in Indonesia. Indonesian people worship to the northwest, but it is not directly accessible by plane. Otherwise, I really want to go there to experience the atmosphere of Sharia.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wfdgos.jpg)
+
+**Street food in the old town**
+
+There are a lot of street snacks in the old city. I am not used to eating these unfamiliar foods on the roadside. Friends who are interested can try it, but according to my guess, it will not taste too delicious. We may not be used to eating many specialties in Southeast Asia, and the hot weather may cause stomach upset.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3483oi.jpg)
+
+Some poor toilets in Indonesia will put a mineral water bottle on the urinal. This bottle is used to flush the penis.
+
+**Grand Indonesia**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ts1lcv.jpg)
+
+Grand Indonesia is the largest shopping mall in Jakarta. It is really very big and is second to none in Asia. The mall has everything you need, including farmers' markets, and many restaurants and snacks. You can spend a day shopping here. If you don't want to walk around in the scorching sun, it is recommended to come here for shopping and leisure.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/64ha4w.jpg)
+
+**Supermarket on the ground floor**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2so5gb.jpg)
+
+**Indonesian specialty cat poop coffee beans**
+
+I carefully observed the products of various internationally renowned brands in the supermarket, and almost all the products I saw had halal certification marks.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/agx6a4.jpg)
+
+**Halal Yoshinoya**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8f1qre.jpg)
+
+**Japanese food in the mall**
+
+Japanese food is relatively common in Indonesia and is very popular among Indonesians. Often, you have to queue up to eat at such restaurants. The Japanese food in Indonesia is mostly related to Indonesia’s colonization by Japan during World War II. After the war, many Japanese companies still developed in Indonesia, bringing a large number of Japanese.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mxff8z.jpg)
+
+**bookstore in shopping mall**
+
+There is a large section of the bookstore in the mall devoted to religious books. All major religious books are available. Islamic books are the most numerous, but they are mainly in Indonesian and cannot be read. Otherwise, I would buy a few books and take them back.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dusdvv.jpg)
+
+**Italian Restaurant Popolamama**
+
+Among the Italian restaurants in shopping malls, Beijing has never seen a halal Italian restaurant, while the level of Western restaurants in Jakarta is world-famous.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8cv5oe.jpg)
+
+**italian pizza**
+
+A pizza, a salad, and a glass of juice cost about 60 yuan. This consumption level is relatively high in Indonesia. In some other small cities in Indonesia, the consumption will be even lower.
+
+**Second stop Komodo Island**
+
+Komodo Island is an important destination of my trip. I came here to fulfill my childhood wish as a natural science enthusiast. When I was in elementary school, my family gave me a set of natural encyclopedias. There are four volumes in total. The one I read the most is the natural science volume. I am deeply impressed by the various species of animals and plants in the world introduced in it. Komodo Island is a place with diverse species and frequently appears in animal world programs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1d2b1l.jpg)
+
+Komodo Island is located in the southeastern corner of Indonesia, and a little further south is Australia. It can be said that it is across the sea from Oceania. There is no direct flight to Komodo Island from China. You can only transfer from Jakarta or Bali. I took more than three hours of flight from Jakarta to reach the nearest Labuan Airport to Komodo Island. If I transfer from Bali to Lower Labuan, it only takes one hour.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/90cyko.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4o4uig.jpg)
+
+**The main road of Labuan Bajo town**
+
+From Labuan Airport, it takes half an hour to take a taxi to the town of Labuan Bajo, which is the most prosperous place in the surrounding area. The picture above shows the busiest neighborhood of this town. The town is sparsely populated and has backward commerce. It covers an area of ​​only two square kilometers. Many residents still retain their original lifestyle. Most of the residents make a living from fishing and tourism. The most common shops on both sides of the street are diving shops. Komodo Island has many high-quality diving spots, but the ocean currents are complex and suitable for professional divers. Beginners are not recommended to go there.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dlcjm5.jpg)
+
+**Sylvia Hotel & Resort Komodo Komodo Sylvia Resort Hotel**
+
+The hotel I stayed in has a private beach. There are many hotels with private beaches here. The price is cheap and the environment is beautiful. You can stay in a very nice hotel for two to three hundred yuan a night. However, I do not recommend this hotel because it is far from the center of the town. There are no businesses or public transportation around. You can't go out for a walk at night. I suggest staying in the town next time is more convenient.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p76x9c.jpg)
+
+**hotel swimming pool**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1uhbgk.jpg)
+
+**The only restaurant in the hotel**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7pkw9v.jpg)
+
+**A steak set**
+
+A steak costs less than RMB 100. There are no decent restaurants in Labuan Bajo Town. Most of them are street shops. It needs to be emphasized that there are many Christians living in this town. Most of the restaurants on the island are opened by Christians. They will also mark it as halal and do not have pork, but they sell alcohol.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0mzawq.jpg)
+
+**MASJID AGUNG NURUL FALAQ LABUAN BAJO Mosque**
+
+I took a taxi from the hotel and asked the driver to take me to the largest mosque in the town. The driver took me here. This mosque is not comparable to other places in Indonesia. The distribution density of Muslims in Indonesia decreases from northwest to southeast. The Aceh Special Administrative Region in the northwest is the most halal, and Bali in the southeast is the territory of Hindus.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2y5lqz.jpg)
+
+Muslims in Southeast Asia are mainly followers of the Shafi'i school. Their prayer movements can be seen with three hand raises, but whether it is three or one hand raises, there is a correct basis for the hadith.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dx0l23.jpg)
+
+**Indonesian BBQ**
+
+The simple Indonesian meal on the island is grilled chicken skewers with rice. The chili seasoning is very spicy. The chili in Indonesia is comparable to that in Hunan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gg33zf.png)
+
+After passing through a residential area, I found a small mosque in the village. The conditions were very simple, surrounded by villagers' houses and chickens eating bugs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ytrapu.png)
+
+What’s interesting is that there is a Catholic tomb built next to this mosque. It is pink in color. This is the first time I have seen this combination.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ablj5c.png)
+
+**The tombstone depicts the Virgin Mary and Jesus**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vv62v1.jpg)
+
+After a night of rest, I reported a one-day tour on Ctrip for the next day. The itinerary included Padar Island, Komodo Island, Pink Beach, Takamakasa Island, Manta Ray Snorkeling Spot, and Kanawa Island. It included lunch, hotel pick-up and drop-off, and an English-speaking tour guide. The cost was 789 RMB.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rrlmoq.jpg)
+
+**Masks provided with the tour**
+
+Departing at 5:30 in the morning, the driver arrived at the hotel on time to pick up people. Before leaving, the tour guide distributed a mask to each tourist. It was 2020-01-27, and an epidemic had broken out in China, but Indonesia was not affected in any way, so the tourists did not care. The traveling groups came from various countries, including Japanese, Koreans, Sichuanese, Taiwanese, Europeans and Americans.
+
+**Padar Island**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gkdf5v.jpg)
+
+**View from the top of Padar Island**
+
+It takes about an hour to take a boat to Padar Island. There are no residents on this island and it is in a primitive state. You can climb all the way to the top of the mountain along the seaside and overlook the entire territory. Some tourists have brought drones for aerial photography.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v3jiem.jpg)
+
+**Panorama of Padar Island**
+
+After a short stay on the island, continue by boat to the small island of Takamakasa.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pwapd1.jpg)
+
+**Takamakasa Island**
+
+The island is a crescent-shaped island, which may be submerged when the tide rises, but the island is very beautiful, with blue water. When viewed from the air, it looks like a gem set in the sea. The sand on the island can already be seen in light pink, which is a characteristic of the Komodo area.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/13sdux.jpg)
+
+**Takamakasa Island**
+
+You can snorkel around, it's very shallow, because the water is too clear, you can't see many fish, so be careful about sun protection.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/26s45a.jpg)
+
+**pink sand beach**
+
+The beaches around Komodo Island are generally pink because they contain tiny coral particles. Since it was developed here relatively late, it has always maintained its original natural state and the water is crystal clear.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bxm5bm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9471rk.jpg)
+
+**fine pink sand**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0ifm92.jpg)
+
+The sea view of Komodo Island is endlessly beautiful.
+
+**Underwater fishing video I took with GoPro**
+
+**KOMODO NATIONAL PARK**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2s6bm2.jpg)
+
+Next, continue to Komodo National Park. When we are about to land, we see a dark cloud floating over Komodo Island from a distance, making the atmosphere on the island even more eerie. This island is home to the world's largest venomous reptile - the Komodo dragon.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fwiuoc.jpg)
+
+Komodo National Park consists of many islands, the larger ones including Padar Island, Rinca Island and Komodo Island. There are about 3,000 monitor lizards living on the islands. Indonesia established a national park to protect the Komodo monitor lizards, and it was then listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ys6c9v.jpg)
+
+Entering the forest must be led by the park's ranger. Visitors cannot move alone, because all the monitor lizards on the island are wild, and the monitor lizards are poisonous and very dangerous. The long stick in the hand of the ranger can block the attack of the monitor lizards. It is said online that dragons like to eat carrion, so their saliva contains a lot of poisonous bacteria, which can cause infection and death after prey is bitten. This statement has been denied by scientists. In fact, Komodo dragons are born with venom glands, and it is the venom that kills their prey.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9y9r2h.jpg)
+
+There was a reminder to keep quiet at the entrance of the park. Our group was cautious along the way, with our eyes wide open as we stared at the surrounding plants and trees.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x0i4um.jpg)
+
+The dead tree trunk, I imagined a picture of a dinosaur knocking down the tree trunk.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d4c1t3.jpg)
+
+**Komodo dragon nest**
+
+The tour guide reminded us that the dirt bag in the distance is the nest of the Komodo dragon, which is about one meter high and five or six meters wide. This scene looks too much like a scene from Jurassic Park.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wixlo4.jpg)
+
+Near a waterhole, the tour guide stopped and told everyone that monitor lizards often come here to drink water. Then I saw a deer limping towards the waterhole in the distance. The deer's head had been injured, probably by a monitor lizard. The tour guide said that deer are the main food of monitor lizards. This deer should die soon after being attacked.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ps0a0g.jpg)
+
+**monitor lizard in bush**
+
+We continued walking forward, and suddenly the tour guide stopped and reminded us that there was a monitor lizard in the bushes not far away. I followed the direction he pointed and took a photo of the back of the first monitor lizard I saw. This monitor lizard was about two meters long and lay motionless in the bushes. The panting of the monitor lizard could be clearly heard.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v3r3qa.jpg)
+
+Then we saw three more monitor lizards in the rest area, lying in the corner of the pavilion where tourists were drinking tea. The crowd suddenly became commotion, and some people excitedly approached to take photos with the monitor lizards. At this time, the tour guide also became obviously vigilant and warned tourists in a stern tone not to get too close.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8boe4l.jpg)
+
+Komodo dragons are hermaphrodites and can reproduce parthenogenetically. They live in trees when they are young and move on the plains as adults. They can dive and run at a speed of 20 kilometers per hour. The mitochondria of Komodo dragons are different from ordinary cold-blooded animals. They can accelerate metabolism to the level of mammals, and then have amazing speed and endurance. It is rare for monitor lizards to attack people on the island. There have been cases of fishermen being attacked and killed by monitor lizards. Monitor lizards have no natural enemies on the island, but they will not attack humans when there is sufficient food.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q5w99y.jpg)
+
+The adult monitor lizard is more than 3 meters long. It uses its tongue to identify odors and can smell the smell of blood within a radius of 10 kilometers. For small prey, the monitor lizard will bite it directly to death. For larger prey, the monitor lizard will bite and release it until the prey is poisoned and dies. The monitor lizard will then find the body by following the smell of blood.
+
+After leaving Komodo Forest Park, we headed to the next scenic spot to prepare for snorkeling. The snorkeling area was home to another ancient giant beast, the manta ray, which was the same generation as the dinosaurs. Its scientific name is the ghost bat. It is the largest of its kind and can be up to eight meters long. It is said to be uncommon. Whether you can see it depends on luck, but we were very lucky to see a group of about four or five on the bottom of the sea, swimming back and forth under our feet.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9ln04.jpg)
+
+Giant, weird-looking creatures like ghost bats have not grown according to the rules of evolution. They have been what they are today since the age of dinosaurs. They are absolute living fossils. These ancient strange creatures are what attracts me the most about Komodo Island. Creatures that were once only seen in the animal world are now alive in front of me. This feeling is so exciting.
+
+The actual effect you see is roughly what it looks like in the photo. The water quality in the water where manta rays appear is not particularly clear. If the water is clear, there will be no fish. The brother in the video is more courageous and dares to get close to manta rays. In fact, it is still a bit dangerous. Although manta rays have a gentle temperament, they are afraid of divers when they lose their temper. Its two wings can break the diver's ribs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gxb2nc.jpg)
+
+Komodo Island is only an hour's flight from Bali, an Indonesian Internet celebrity tourist destination. To travel from Komodo Island to other cities in Indonesia, you have to transfer from Bali. Although I am not very interested in Bali, since I am here, I still decided to go to the island.
+
+**Third stop Bali**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i9blt4.jpg)
+
+The Hindu-style gate in Bali symbolizes the transition from the secular to the sacred.
+
+Bali is the only Hindu-dominated island in Indonesia, and Hindu gods can be seen everywhere on the island. Since we are on a halal trip, we are not very interested in these pagan cultural relics. We come here mainly to eat a decent halal seafood meal. If Dosti plans to go to Bali for vacation, he does not need to worry too much about eating. Halal restaurants on the island are relatively easy to find. The indigenous residents here have the habit of eating roasted suckling pig. Most restaurants sell wine and the consumption is very high.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ap4bx5.jpg)
+
+**Jimbaran Beach**
+
+Bali Airport is about three kilometers from Jimbaran Beach. In Indonesia, you must be careful not to talk to the drivers around the airport. The probability of being ripped off is almost 100%. There are two options for taking a taxi. One is that there are regular taxi ticketing points at the airport. The fare is prepaid. Just tell the staff your destination. That’s it. After paying, you can get a slip. You can take the slip and follow the staff’s instructions to find a driver to take the bus. There will be no arbitrary charges. you can use Grab to call a taxi. I strongly recommend using this software. The price is cheaper, and you don’t have to pay cash. You don’t have to worry about language barriers, just like Didi Taxi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ndd47g.jpg)
+
+**Exterior view of Jimbaran beach restaurant**
+
+Since I just came from the pristine Komodo Island, when I saw these commercial beaches, I felt that the gap was a bit big visually, and the water was far less clear than Komodo.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f6m6xn.jpg)
+
+**Freshly picked crabs**
+
+I told a Hindu driver to take me to a halal restaurant. He took me to this restaurant and charged me more than 100 yuan for less than five kilometers. Before I got in the car, I listened to the 100 he said and interpreted it as 10 yuan, so I got on the bus. I was in a hurry and didn't bother with him. I only regretted that I didn't install the grab software in China earlier. As a result, I couldn't log in to download the software when I was in Indonesia. I could only install the software through a VPN.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tk0hug.jpg)
+
+**A squid weighing more than one kilogram**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1gxcn8.jpg)
+
+This seafood meal costs about RMB 500. The price is clearly marked, but it is obviously not as affordable as eating in China. Rice and side dishes are provided, and the taste is average. The seafood is boiled in plain flavor. You can add some weird seasonings, or squeeze a little lemon juice and mix it with the rice.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l0a3zt.jpg)
+
+The residents of the island like to grow flowers.
+
+The reason why I don’t recommend Bali is that it really doesn’t live up to its name. Prices on the island are more than double that of other places in Indonesia, and it is heavily commercialized. Many friends around me don’t think highly of Bali after visiting it, so I think it is suitable for people who only like to vacation in hotels, commonly known as hotel partying. But everyone has their own ambitions. Compared with Komodo Island, the hotel quality in Bali is much higher. As long as you are not afraid of spending money, you can find a good hotel here to stay for a few days.
+
+**Fourth stop Yogyakarta**
+
+I temporarily added a trip to Yogyakarta and Surabaya because of the sudden outbreak of the epidemic and the extension of the holiday, and my flight back to my country was cancelled. I heard a sister who was traveling with me praise Yogyakarta and Surabaya as fun. Her family of three had just come over there and strongly suggested that I go to Yogyakarta to experience the Javanese culture. So I simply bought a flight ticket from Bali to Yogyakarta and arrived in Yogyakarta in about an hour.
+
+Yogyakarta is a famous historical and cultural city in Indonesia. Its status is roughly equivalent to ancient capitals such as Nanjing and Xi'an in my country. All the court arts in Java originated here. Historically, Yogyakarta was ruled by the Sultan. After Indonesia became independent in 1945, the Sultan of Yogyakarta declared his allegiance to Indonesia. The Sultanate of Yogyakarta was changed to the Yogyakarta Special Zone under Indonesia. The Sultan served as the governor of Yogyakarta and retained the hereditary system.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z4b16r.jpg)
+
+**Hotel gardens and swimming pool**
+
+It was really a comfortable journey from landing to checking into the hotel, and everyone I met was very friendly. I remember I was sitting in a taxi, staring at the road outside the window in a daze. At this time, the car drove slowly past two girls. I was not sure if one of them was a shemale, but she felt like a transvestite. This person saw me looking at her, and she gave me a look.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g47w7e.jpg)
+
+I came for breakfast in the morning and it seemed that I was the only guest. The waiter greeted me very warmly and asked me what kind of breakfast I would like to have. There were two options: Western style and Indonesian style. Of course I chose the Indonesian style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/akhq5f.jpg)
+
+While dining, enjoy the scenery outside the window. The spire in the distance is Prambanan, a famous Hindu resort in Yogyakarta.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wouixk.jpg)
+
+I always eat Indonesian fried rice for breakfast. The hotel breakfast is included in the room rate. All kinds of consumption in Yogyakarta are very cheap. A five-star resort hotel only costs more than 300 yuan a night.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g35xq4.png)
+
+Some TV stations in Indonesia will automatically broadcast Bunker during church hours.
+
+**MASJID RAYA ALMUTTAQUN Mosque**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1js6ka.jpg)
+
+**MASJID RAYA ALMUTTAQUN Mosque**
+
+I originally planned to go to nearby Prambanan, but when I walked to the entrance of the mosque, I saw a traditional Javanese mosque across the road. My attention was completely attracted by this mosque, so I decisively gave up going to Prambanan and started my Javanese halal journey.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d2qy26.jpg)
+
+The interior of the mosque is made of wood. The disadvantage of this dark-colored wood is that it makes the hall look dark. I have observed this problem in several other mosques.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fqc17y.jpg)
+
+Since Indonesian worship faces northwest, but buildings generally face north and south, the carpets in the main hall are laid along the direction of Mecca, which looks diagonal.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jxsq6v.jpg)
+
+The main hall of the mosque is on the second floor, and the first floor is a classroom. The children are learning Arabic under the guidance of the teacher. It is raining outside. January and February are the rainy season in Indonesia. It rains almost every day, but it is always a thunderstorm and stops after a while.
+
+**Candi Prambanan**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k5ywc2.jpg)
+
+**Prambanan Ruins**
+
+Yogyakarta has two internet celebrity check-in attractions. One is Borobudur, the world's largest Buddhist architectural complex, and the other is Prambanan, the largest Hindu architectural complex in Southeast Asia. Both are world cultural heritage sites and were built at the same time. They were built around the 9th century AD. The builders were both ominous and were abandoned after completion. Prambanan People say Nan was probably built by the second king of the Mataram dynasty. Both building complexes were re-excavated and rebuilt in the early 20th century, so most of the buildings were newly built. Prambanan charges a 170 RMB entrance fee, and Borobudur is hundreds of kilometers away from me, so I only walked around at the entrance of Prambanan Temple.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/266h85.jpg)
+
+You can see many tourists on the Internet taking some pictures of themselves in the temple, which I think is not good. After all, this is a religious holy place, and taking such pictures is a bit nondescript. A girl wrote in the guide that she was asked to take photos by many Indonesian girls in Prambanan. She felt that the Indonesian girls were interested in her hairstyle because they were envious of her freedom to show her hair. I really want to say, girl, you are overthinking. This is as ridiculous as some domestic rumors saying that the Hui Muslims envy the Han people for eating pork. Don’t you know that Indonesia does not force women to wear headscarves?
+
+**MASJID MATARAM**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/futtr9.jpg)
+
+The cemetery of Suta Wijaya Senapati, the sultan of the Kingdom of Mataram, was found in Kota Gede, a suburb of Yogyakarta. Next to it was a mosque that combined Hindu architectural style and Javanese architectural style. The Kingdom of Mataram was the first Islamic kingdom established in Central Java, Indonesia.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w6zya7.jpg)
+
+Because the faith in Java was converted from Hinduism to Islam, the ancient buildings on the island retain many traces of Hinduism. The gate of this mosque is a type of Hindu architectural style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p1l65g.jpg)
+
+It is said on the Internet that the Matalan Mosque charges an entrance fee, which is about 10 yuan. Anyway, I have not met anyone who asked me for entrance tickets. The mosque really should not charge tourists.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f21lv0.jpg)
+
+In the vestibule of the mosque, some tourists are taking a break from the summer heat. The main hall of the Matalan Mosque still adopts the Javanese architectural style. There is an vestibule, a main hall, and no minaret. Drums are played instead of the adhan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bqwdm4.jpg)
+
+**Adhan drum**
+
+The muanli drum is usually played during gatherings or gatherings, and has distinctive Javanese characteristics.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4lxrff.jpg)
+
+Although the lights are turned on in the main hall, the light is actually very dark. I adjusted the photo to be brighter. This is indeed not as good as the lighting in a dome-shaped building.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xw394m.jpg)
+
+The ritual of laying flowers in memory of the deceased is inherited from the Hindu tradition.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r1pnn6.jpg)
+
+There is also a pond next to the cemetery, which is used as a bathhouse for washing and washing. It is probably no longer in use. There are many huge catfish in the pond, both black and white.
+
+**Yogyakarta Grand Mosque (Masjid Gedhe Kauman)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ndu92f.jpg)
+
+**Yogyakarta Grand Mosque**
+
+The Yogyakarta Mosque (Masjid Gedhe Kauman) was built in 1773. It is located next to the Yogyakarta Royal Palace. It is a traditional Javanese-style building. When I went there, I happened to catch up with a bunch of students coming here to do activities. The teacher led the students to pray, and I followed him.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9bynb.jpg)
+
+This architectural style in Java should also be influenced by the ancient Chinese architectural style. During the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made many voyages to the West and came to Java Island, bringing many craftsmen with him and spreading Islamic culture and Chinese civilization.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0g6j8h.jpg)
+
+**lobby of the main hall**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7xrzyc.jpg)
+
+**There is a sign in Javanese on the wall.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6wk45z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3874xr.jpg)
+
+A group of religious school students worshiped, led by their teacher, with the boys in the front and the girls in a designated area at the back.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qc4bpr.jpg)
+
+This is a place reserved for the Sultan to worship, and ordinary civilians cannot enter. By the way, this kind of privileged behavior is not advocated by Islam. Even the king should stand in a row with the people.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wb6nlk.jpg)
+
+The Minbaer podium has a typical Javanese style pattern and is golden in color, the same color as the Thai Royal Palace.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r3ju57.jpg)
+
+**Southeast Asian royal mihrab**
+
+Next to the mosque is the Royal Palace of Yogyakarta. The palace is divided into the South District and the North District. You have to buy tickets separately. Each ticket costs about three yuan. I went to the North District and I felt that it was not like the Royal Palace at all. It was too simple. There were only a few greenhouse-like buildings. I once doubted that this was really the Royal Palace?
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iprgms.png)
+
+**Yogyakarta Royal Palace**
+
+**Masjid Soko Tunggal Mosque**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iao0in.jpg)
+
+**Masjid Soko Tunggal Mosque**
+
+Yogyakarta One Pillar Mosque (Masjid Soko Tunggal), Soko Tunggal means pillar in Indonesian, was built in 1972. The designer of this mosque was also the designer of Yogyakarta Royal Palace R. Ngabehi Mintobudoyo.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/po4fbq.jpg)
+
+The main hall is supported by one pillar and four pillars, five in total, symbolizing the temptations of the five evil spirits from all directions. This is one of the characteristics of Javanese architecture. The flower patterns carved on the pillars indicate that praying in the mosque can obtain Allah's grace.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wv0iom.jpg)
+
+**A pillar in the main hall**
+
+Yogyakarta is a city with a strong religious atmosphere. This can be felt from the hotel I stayed in in the suburbs. Every day when it is time to pray, the sound of bunker will be heard one after another around me. The sound can last for ten minutes intermittently. It may be because the clocks of various mosques are fast or slow.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i0hfke.jpg)
+
+I casually walked into a nearby village and wandered around. The sign at the head of the village said Selamat Datang. I thought it was the name of the village at first, but I thought it was wrong. I seemed to have seen this word in many places. After asking the villagers, I found out that it means welcome in Indonesian and is commonly used in Southeast Asia.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0gs4r2.jpg)
+
+**Masjid Nurul Falaq**
+
+The people in this village are very friendly. Everyone I meet on the road, regardless of gender, old or young, will smile and nod to say hello when they see me. The village loudspeaker was broadcasting the imam's sermon. I followed the sound and found the mosque. the mosque was not open. Before I could say anything, a villager next to me came over and opened the door for me. It turned out that the key was at the door.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sm98wo.jpg)
+
+Mosque nameplates, no matter how small the mosque is, are officially registered.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gh50qt.jpg)
+
+The details of the post are the same as those of Chinese temples.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o88zoj.jpg)
+
+**BAITUSSALAM MADRAZA SCHOOL**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d1ldh5.jpg)
+
+**BAITUSSALAM MADRAZA SCHOOL IN THE VILLAGE**
+
+There are many religious schools of this kind in Yogyakarta. The children inside look like primary school students. During class, the children are chasing each other and playing around, and some children are surrounding the teacher doing homework.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/phc2r5.jpg)
+
+**school main entrance**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mfjer1.jpg)
+
+**playground**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mb2gqe.jpg)
+
+**Mosque inside the school**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ud1pq0.jpg)
+
+**School mosque appearance**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zbx67g.jpg)
+
+**Masjid Nurul Iman Mosque in the same village**
+
+If this small mosque is in the city center, it can only be regarded as a Musholla, which means a dua room. Every mosque here has an official registration.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u36jpk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ierfhk.jpg)
+
+**Masjid Jogokariyan Mosque**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e92ekr.jpg)
+
+**Masjid Jogokariyan Mosque**
+
+The mosque was built in 1967. Most people in this area are engaged in batik work, so the colors of the mosque are relatively bright. Note that the name of the mosque on the right side of the photo uses a variety of colors.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uwesrw.jpg)
+
+No matter what time of day, you can see people reading the Quran in the mosque, mostly women.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/09lqoj.jpg)
+
+When I was sitting in a taxi heading to the mosque, the driver saw that I was only looking at the mosques along the way to take pictures, so he asked me if I was a Muslim. I blurted out Sailiang Mu, and he laughed when he replied, and then pointed at my beard and said that I looked like a Muslim. I said of course, having a beard is Sunni.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zn1un0.jpg)
+
+You don’t need to emphasize your Muslim identity when traveling in Indonesia. From my experience, even if the other person only knows that you are from China, you still won’t feel any difference. Anti-Chinese is too alarmist. There are still a large number of ethnic Chinese living in Indonesia today. Many of them have ancestors who settled in Indonesia hundreds of years ago. They have been intermarried for generations. It is difficult to distinguish the ethnic groups in appearance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/032mof.jpg)
+
+**SIX SENSES Spanish Restaurant**
+
+I saw on TripAdvisor that there is a very beautiful Spanish restaurant nearby. The environment is really beautiful. The interior is a manor, with fountains and gardens. There is no halal Spanish restaurant in China. This taste bud gap needs to be filled in Yogyakarta.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k7xl7n.jpg)
+
+**restaurant front porch**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/689s3q.jpg)
+
+**restaurant interior**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eviqq4.jpg)
+
+**Creamy Mushroom Soup**
+
+I originally wanted to have a Spanish paella, but after looking at the menu, the paella required a large portion. It couldn't be eaten by one person, and I didn't want to waste it. After all, the weather was hot and people's appetites were smaller, so I ordered a cream of mushroom soup and salmon salad.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/up6hfb.jpg)
+
+Salmon salad, salmon on the bottom of the plate
+
+The tableware in this store is particularly exquisite, and the waiters are very gentlemanly.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ej9ami.jpg)
+
+Lemon juice, the small cup on the side is honey
+
+For such a high-end restaurant, the checkout, including service charge and tax, is less than 100 yuan, which is considered high consumption in the local area. Yogyakarta is so down-to-earth.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s5tad8.png)
+
+**Fried chicken set next to the mosque**
+
+This portion costs about 5 yuan. Indonesians love to eat fried food, and all kinds of things can be fried. The waiter gave me a set meal without tableware, because everyone eats it with their hands, so I followed suit and finished it.
+
+**Fifth stop Surabaya**
+
+It takes one hour to fly to Surabaya from Yogyakarta, but afterwards I suggested that it would be better to take a train or bus. The ticket I bought was canceled once, and then I experienced delays when I bought a new ticket. The weather on Java Island is unpredictable, so it is really better to take the land route from the beginning, and the land transportation only costs a few dozen yuan, while the air ticket costs more than 300.
+
+Surabaya is the second largest city in Indonesia. Indonesians call it Surabaya. Remember this name to help you ask for directions. Zheng He landed here when he sailed to the West and reached Java Island. Now this is also the place with the largest number of Chinese in Indonesia.
+
+In 1520, the first Islamic dynasty that arose in central Java, Indonesia, was called the Demak Dynasty. Sultan Laden Bada (1475-1518) was a Chinese and the ancestor of the fourth president of Indonesia, Wahid. His surname was Chen. Wahid said that he had Chinese ancestry. His ancestor, Chen Jinhan, went to Java Island in Indonesia with a fleet during Zheng He's fifth voyage to the West in the 15th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1417), and settled in Surabaya.
+
+**MASJID NASIONAL AL-AKBAR SURABAYA**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tbbbja.jpg)
+
+**akbar national mosque**
+
+The landmark building in Surabaya feels bigger and more beautiful than the Istiqlal Mosque in Jakarta. The foundation of the mosque was laid in 1995. Construction was suspended for two years during the 1997 Asian financial crisis. It was completed in 2000. The then Indonesian President Wahid presided over the inauguration ceremony. President Wahid was also the chairman of the Indonesian Islamic Federation and was considered a leader in the Indonesian religious community. The fact that a descendant of a Chinese ancestor could achieve such achievements in Indonesia is enough to explain a lot of problems.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k79ljm.jpg)
+
+**A cat in the hall**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1c3t6e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hd6unx.jpg)
+
+**Mihrab**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wys2pa.jpg)
+
+**Minbaer**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/akb8h8.jpg)
+
+**Adhan drum**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iea9yv.jpg)
+
+**Sunan Ampel Arch**
+
+**north(**
+
+**Sunan Ampel Tomb**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/quss4t.jpg)
+
+**Sunan Ampere (1401-1481) Gongbei**
+
+The Sunan Ampel (1401-1481) Mosque in Surabaya was built in 1421. Sunan Ampel was one of the important founders of the spread of Islam in Java. He had a prominent status, roughly equivalent to my country's Hudengzhou Baba. His ancestor was the famous Sufi master Ahmed Muhaji, an Iraqi. Ampel once married a Chinese woman Nyi Gede Manila, and they had two sons and two daughters. After Ampel passed away in 1481, he was buried in the mosque. Now it has become a place of pilgrimage for believers. When I came, I happened to catch up with a school organizing a tomb tour, so I followed the students to Ermaili and listened to their hymns in various tones. Although this is a holy tomb, it looks very simple. There is no tomb, and it is not as luxurious as the Gongbei of our country.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h6iby5.jpg)
+
+**Sunan Ampel Mosque Main Hall**
+
+As early as the 13th century AD, Islam had been introduced to Indonesia. Marco Polo mentioned in his travel notes that when he stayed in the Kingdom of Basak in Sumatra and the Kingdom of Balara in the Malay Peninsula in 1292, he found that the people there believed in Islam. At the same time, Chinese historian Ma Huan recorded what Zheng He saw in Sumatra during his voyage to the West. He said that at that time in Palembang, West Sumatra, Aceh and other places on the northeastern coast of Sumatra, "all the people in the king's country were Hui people", as well as businessmen from Guangzhou, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou and other places in China.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0o7umq.jpg)
+
+The students came one after another to sit on the floor and praise the Lord and Saints under the leadership of the teacher.
+
+Indonesia established the first Islamic sultanate in the 13th century, on the island of Sumatra, named Samudera Pasai. The founder, Mirah Silau, was a descendant of the royal family and converted to Islam under the influence of the Arab businessman Sheikh Ismail and the South Indian mentor Sultan Muhammad.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ttc5si.jpg)
+
+After the boys finish reciting, the girls continue to recite
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9u735k.jpg)
+
+No matter whose tombstone it is, it is such a small space.
+
+**Zhenghe Mosque**
+
+There is a Zheng He Mosque named after Zheng He in Surabaya, which was built by Chinese Indonesians. There are more than 200,000 Chinese Indonesian Muslims. More Chinese Muslims have already integrated into the Indonesian community. Some have changed their Indonesian surnames and are difficult to distinguish from the outside. These phenomena show that it is difficult to succeed and unpopular in both theory and practice to exclude Chinese in Indonesia.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zhdwf2.jpg)
+
+**Zhenghe Mosque**
+
+The architectural style of the Zheng He Mosque was based on the style of the Niujie Mosque in Beijing. Since then, seven more Zheng He Mosques have been built in Indonesia. The groundbreaking ceremony was held on October 15, 2001, the day of the night walk to the sky.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qvwz1l.jpg)
+
+Islam mainly spreads in Indonesia in a peaceful way. At present, academic circles believe that there are several main channels. The first is that Arab, Indian, and Chinese merchants brought Islam into Indonesia through business. On May 22, 2006, the British "Daily Telegraph" reported that after 18 months of salvage, Europe and Indonesia discovered about 250,000 cultural relics in an ancient shipwreck in the Java Sea. They came from China during the Tang and Song Dynasties. The cultural relics contained a large number of Islamic items. It can be seen that China has exerted an important influence on the Islamization of Indonesia. Zheng He had frequent activities in Southeast Asia, actively engaged in Islamic activities there, built mosques, and established Chinese Muslim communities. Even today, Chinese Muslims in Indonesia still commemorate Zheng He.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n2q7ow.jpg)
+
+The second missionary channel is Sufi preaching. Sufi mysticism is easily accepted by local residents who believe in Hinduism. Before the introduction of Islam, Hinduism was the mainstream in Indonesia. As the activities of Sufi scholars became more frequent, a large number of residents and the upper-class ruling class gave up their original polytheistic worship and converted to Islam, which recognizes one God.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7j7bjq.jpg)
+
+The red lanterns and muanja drums are a perfect combination of Chinese and Indian culture.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0a5ca5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nl3jcb.jpg)
+
diff --git a/content/Muslim_Friendly_Mountain_Stays_Near_Beijing__Two_Hui_Guesthouses_for_Spring_Trip.md b/content/Muslim_Friendly_Mountain_Stays_Near_Beijing__Two_Hui_Guesthouses_for_Spring_Trip.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1ce7e81b95c8499d0be2dfbd4eb1a17b6ac02bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Muslim_Friendly_Mountain_Stays_Near_Beijing__Two_Hui_Guesthouses_for_Spring_Trip.md
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+---
+title: "Muslim-Friendly Mountain Stays Near Beijing: Two Hui Guesthouses for Spring Trips"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2670"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2670"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:50Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "d88a2d9de5476c247c7375e97c50d5cf9ebb5e20966e0418a4f4693d4b44766f"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Muslim-Friendly Mountain Stays Near Beijing: Two Hui Guesthouses for Spring Trips
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This spring travel account visits two Hui Muslim guesthouses in Beijing’s mountain areas, with notes on meals, family trips, local scenery, and Muslim-friendly countryside stays.
+
+At the end of April, we had lunch at Dongge Shanyuan Farmhouse, located deep in the mountains of Shengshuiyu, Fangshan. The farmhouse is very close to Shangfangshan National Forest Park. The mountains here are rugged, making this the steepest Hui Muslim farmhouse I have visited in Beijing. Driving to the farmhouse is fine, but electric cars cannot make it further up the mountain, so please be aware of this.
+
+It is run by a Hui Muslim man from Haidian, and they specialize in Chinese toon (xiangchun) feasts and whole roasted lamb. The guest rooms are newly renovated and very clean, making it a great place to escape the summer heat. The courtyard sits on a platform atop a cliff. There are chickens and pigeons in the yard, along with many Chinese toon trees, which is why it is also called 'Chunxiang Valley'.
+
+We ordered roasted lamb chops, scrambled eggs with Chinese toon, magnolia buds (mulanya), free-range chicken, stir-fried river shrimp with chives, shredded pork with garlic sprouts, and braised tofu with green onions. The Chinese toon was picked fresh from the trees, and the magnolia buds are the tender spring shoots of the goldenrain tree, a classic wild vegetable in the Beijing suburbs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tqs7vf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9t8u7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eb8ulr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qcp3dq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/42213r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oddv14.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ajlhse.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u6f98h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bekoeq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qcwpqw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wkpofw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k8cv9d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9a6514.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l2oral.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lwhjow.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rdocdd.jpg)
+
+On May 5th, we went to Huairou for a post-holiday gathering at Xiangyu Homestay in Lianhuachi Village. It is run by Hui Muslims from the Tongzhou Great Mosque, and they specialize in rainbow trout and farmhouse dishes.
+
+The homestay is in Lianhuachi Village, Huairou, right behind Mutianyu. You follow the valley from Yanqi Lake and pass Shentangyu to get there. I heard there was a huge traffic jam here on May 4th, but it was much less crowded when we went.
+
+You must eat rainbow trout when you come to Huairou. Rainbow trout only survive in running water, so it is hard to find in the city. Their roasted fish is very well-made and has a great texture. For our meal, we had braised beef with potatoes, spicy stir-fried chicken, boiled beef, scrambled eggs with Chinese toon, celery with dried tofu, stewed tofu, stewed meatballs, mixed wild vegetables, and deep-fried prickly ash buds (huajiaoya), with green onion pancakes (conghuabing) as our staple food. The meatballs served at the start were a bit salty, but they adjusted immediately after we mentioned it, and the following dishes were all light. The Chinese toon and prickly ash buds were picked fresh from the trees; the main reason to eat in the mountains is for that fresh taste. The green onion pancakes were also pan-fried to order, which made them quite fragrant. The spicy chicken was a bit like fried chicken; it was tender inside but the flavor didn't soak in. The braised beef was cooked until very tender, and I thought it tasted good.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rh48ux.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k8f3ot.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6xzuf5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pnhmoc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4hkcz0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4d8xee.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qul0d1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rvc7tv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lwsnfl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ip69qz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tunzuo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mfeqrg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rnb6g3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/59pv1m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h2hqnu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o9ihtd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e75i16.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ed0x2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vqz4vz.jpg)
+
+After eating, we went to play in the water at Shentangyu Village in Huairou. Parking in the village costs 20 yuan for anything over 30 minutes. There is a row of poplar trees by the water that provides shade, so it is not too sunny. We bought water clothes for the kids on the spot, but they still got quite wet sitting in the water, so I suggest bringing an extra set of clothes for the children. The water temperature in May is still a bit cool, but the sun is warm, making it perfect for outdoor activities.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qzj7r6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6ot085.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5fqxqx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yhu3z9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iiwgvc.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Muslim_History_Guide_China__Hui_Muslim_Community__Anti_Muslim_Rumors_and_Online.md b/content/Muslim_History_Guide_China__Hui_Muslim_Community__Anti_Muslim_Rumors_and_Online.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f59d7561c4a6bffbae53e2ae05f28b263a07a5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Muslim_History_Guide_China__Hui_Muslim_Community__Anti_Muslim_Rumors_and_Online.md
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+---
+title: "Muslim History Guide China: Hui Muslim Community, Anti-Muslim Rumors and Online Hate Speech"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2932"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2932"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:46Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui History"
+content_hash: "30b534cdff6ffdb00cfd862f5e948b5c4a6ad18c29fca378c7dd3b8da1c475ee"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Muslim History Guide China: Hui Muslim Community, Anti-Muslim Rumors and Online Hate Speech
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This essay analyzes why anti-Muslim online voices spread rumors about Muslims, looking at prejudice, scapegoating, social media echo chambers, political manipulation, and the harm these rumors bring to social trust, Muslim communities, and ethnic unity.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kki688.jpg)
+
+In today's online environment, anti-Muslim hate speech against Muslims are common. They deliberately distort the image of Islam and the Muslim community by taking quotes out of context, fabricating facts, and inciting hatred. This phenomenon not only destroys social harmony, but also encourages extreme oppositional sentiments. So, why are the “anti-Muslim hate account” groups so keen on spreading rumors to smear Muslims? This article will conduct an in-depth analysis from the aspects of psychological motivation, social background, political factors and media influence to reveal the logic and harm behind it.
+
+1. Psychological motivations: driven by prejudice and hatred
+
+**1. Cognitive bias leads to generalization**
+
+The human brain tends to simplify complex information and form stereotypes. Due to a lack of understanding of Islam, some people are prejudiced against the entire Muslim community based on individual extreme cases (such as terrorist attacks). This "overgeneralization" thinking mode causes them to ignore the fact that the vast majority of Muslims are peaceful and law-abiding.
+
+**2. The sense of group identity brought about by hate speech**
+
+The "anti-Muslim hate account" group often attacks Muslims to gain recognition from their peers. In closed online communities (such as some extreme forums), they reinforce each other's prejudices and form an "echo chamber effect", which causes extreme speech to continue to escalate. This sense of group identity makes them more brazen in attacking Muslims.
+
+3. Vent emotions and find scapegoats
+
+Social conflicts (such as economic pressure, unemployment issues) may make some people feel dissatisfied, and the Muslim community is wrongly used as a "scapegoat." By attacking Muslims, they deflect their own anxieties and gain false psychological satisfaction.
+
+2. Social background: Extremist ideas and online anonymity fuel rumors
+
+**1. Penetration of extreme ideas**
+
+In recent years, international extremism (such as "Islamophobia") has spread through the Internet, affecting some domestic netizens. Some "anti-Muslim hate accounts" do not really understand Islam, but are influenced by Western far-right ideas and blindly follow the trend to attack Muslims.
+
+**2. online anonymity reduces the cost of spreading rumors**
+
+The anonymity of the Internet allows rumormongers to run wild. They can make up absurd statements such as "Halal food is poisonous" and "Muslim reproductive aggression" at will without taking legal responsibility. Even if you are exposed, you can change your account and continue spreading rumors.
+
+**3. Algorithm recommendation exacerbates information cocoon**
+
+Social media platforms recommend content based on users' interests, which has led to anti-Muslim hate accounts being immersed in hate speech for a long time, further deepening prejudice. All they see is "negative news about Muslims" but they turn a blind eye to the positive information.
+
+3. Political factors: manipulation by people with ulterior motives
+
+**1. Foreign forces incite religious opposition**
+
+Some anti-China forces try to undermine China's social stability by inciting ethnic and religious conflicts. They fund extremist accounts, concoct false news (such as "Xinjiang persecutes Muslims"), incite domestic "anti-Muslim hate account" sentiments, and create social divisions.
+
+**2. Fueled by ultra-nationalists**
+
+Some ultra-nationalists mistakenly associate "anti-Muslim" with "patriotism" and believe that attacking Muslims is "preserving Chinese culture." This twisted logic allows them to become spreaders of rumors and even actively fabricate false information.
+
+3. Political instrumentalization: exploiting religious contradictions to seek benefits
+
+Some self-media and Internet influencers deliberately create controversial topics for the sake of traffic. They are well aware that "anti-Muslim commentators" can quickly trigger confrontation and discussion, so they do not hesitate to fabricate rumors to attract attention and earn economic benefits.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hjxh7m.jpg)
+
+4. Media Influence: Selective Reporting Exacerbates Stigma
+
+**1. Double standards of Western media**
+
+When Western media reports on Muslims, they often highlight extreme cases (such as terrorist attacks) but ignore the positive contributions of the Muslim community. This selective reporting creates the wrong impression that "Muslims = violence" and affects the perception of some domestic netizens.
+
+**2. Domestic self-media follow suit and hype**
+
+In order to gain traffic, some domestic self-media copy the biased reports of Western media and even add fuel to the fire. For example, ordinary criminal cases are deliberately linked to religion to create the illusion that "Muslims have a high crime rate."
+
+**3. Lack of authoritative rumor refuting mechanism**
+
+Although officials and scholars have repeatedly clarified the true teachings of Islam, information dispelling rumors is far less powerful than rumors. Some netizens are only willing to believe content that conforms to their own prejudices, causing rumors to persist for a long time.
+
+**5. The harm of spreading rumors and smearing**
+
+**1. Undermining national unity**
+
+China is a multi-ethnic country, and Muslims (such as Hui, Uyghur, etc.) are an important part of the Chinese nation. Spreading rumors and smearing will aggravate ethnic gaps and affect social stability.
+
+**2. Promoting extremism**
+
+"anti-Muslim hate account's" hate speech may stimulate a small number of extremists, form a vicious cycle of "reacting violence with violence", and even trigger actual conflicts.
+
+**3. Damage the country’s image**
+
+The international community often attacks China on the grounds of "religious freedom", and the extreme remarks of domestic "anti-Muslim hate accounts" may be used by foreign forces to become "evidence" to discredit China.
+
+6. How to deal with the "anti-Muslim hate" rumors?
+
+1. Strengthen the popularization of religious knowledge: let the public understand the true teachings of Islam and reduce prejudice caused by ignorance.
+
+2. Strictly crack down on online rumors: punish rumor mongers in accordance with the law and increase the cost of spreading rumors.
+
+3. Promote positive publicity: The media should objectively report the contributions of the Muslim community instead of focusing only on negative events.
+
+4. Promote rational dialogue: encourage exchanges between different faiths and nationalities and eliminate misunderstandings.
+
+Conclusion: "anti-Muslim hate account" is keen to spread rumors and smear Muslims, which is the result of the combined effect of prejudice, political manipulation, media misinformation and the online environment. This behavior not only goes against the facts, but also harms social harmony. We should remain rational, refuse to be incited by extreme remarks, and jointly safeguard national unity and social stability.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4q41pf.jpg)
+
diff --git a/content/Muslim_Knowledge_Guide_China__Qur_an__Ancestor_Worship__Hui_Muslim_Tradition_and.md b/content/Muslim_Knowledge_Guide_China__Qur_an__Ancestor_Worship__Hui_Muslim_Tradition_and.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a134352e10f5602125675f01698aec9944e79586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Muslim_Knowledge_Guide_China__Qur_an__Ancestor_Worship__Hui_Muslim_Tradition_and.md
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+---
+title: "Muslim Knowledge Guide China: Qur'an, Ancestor Worship, Hui Muslim Tradition and Faith Reform"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2933"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2933"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:37Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "cfacf698b6046d43a78a3dfde59a8f2381a75b7a351f5883c96ba47d9b6ade66"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Muslim Knowledge Guide China: Qur'an, Ancestor Worship, Hui Muslim Tradition and Faith Reform
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This reflection uses Qur'an 2:170 to criticize blind ancestor worship and blind loyalty to old customs, especially when Hui Muslim communities repeat inherited practices without measuring them against revelation, truth, and sound religious understanding.
+
+![image](https://archive.org/download/salaamalykum_wechat_repost_maliang_20260512/09_09-xBM17cBN7wHAva_jSZ63FA_001.jpg)
+
+Someone advised them: “You should obey the revelation sent down by the Allah. They said, "Otherwise, we must abide by the teachings of our ancestors." ” Even if their ancestors were ignorant and did not follow the right path (should they still abide by their legacy)? [2:170] Today we are going to talk about a rather heart-wrenching topic. This topic may be rarely mentioned by imams and scholars, because the most talked about topics are "recognition, etiquette, fasting, classes, and pilgrimage," "filial piety to parents," "husband and wife love," "raising children," and "supporting the elderly." Very few imams and scholars emphasize the topic of "ancestor worship" alone, so today I, a "dying man" lying on the hospital bed, will say a few words. Due to my limited knowledge and the torture of illness over the past few months, the article may not be very smooth. Please just read it. If this article offends you, please don't worry about it.
+
+In our country, when people are free, they always brag about how glorious their ancestors were. They were either powerful officials or wealthy merchants, or they were extremely talented and knowledgeable super-literati... In short, "My ancestors are very good, so I am superior to you!" "A few friends said this while exchanging cups at the barbecue stall, a group of friends said the same while sitting at the dinner table, and the neighbors still said the same when they "set up a dragon gate formation" on the road, as if any family without particularly awesome ancestors would be looked down upon by others. In fact, what I want to say is: "In China, as long as the family can have a genealogy passed down, then the ancestors of this family were once prominent bosses. There is no need for everyone to always talk about their ancestors every day!" "I would like to say: "No matter how great your ancestor is, where are they now? Is he still there? In fact, these are just a speck of dust in the long river of history. People always have to look further afield, instead of relying on the protection of their ancestors to stay green forever! no matter how great your ancestors’ achievements were, it was already many years ago. Is the influence of your ancestors still useful today? Your ancestor was an honest and careless person, but you, a complete rotten person who eats, drinks, whores, gambles, cheats, beats the blind, scolds the deaf and chases the lame, what qualifications do you have to brag in the name of your ancestors? If the ancestor could come back in a dream, he would definitely give you, this unworthy descendant, a few big slaps in his dream! "...
+
+In fact, ancestor worship is also a common phenomenon among our Hui Muslims, especially the blind worship of previous scholars. Whenever young imams or scholars ask questions about controversial teachings [such as when to break the fast and enter the fast, when is "Gedler", whether shrimps can be eaten...] and other questions, people will always say: "How old are you?" You only have so much knowledge, but you can’t do this or that! Is he more knowledgeable than ‘elder baba scholars’? This has been done since the days of ‘elder baba scholars’. If you say this is not okay and that is not right today, we won’t listen anyway! We have to do it the way the ‘Old Babas’ do! "It is necessary to respect the old scholars, but the living and learning environment of the old timers at that time was completely different from now. In order to pass on the flame of faith from generation to generation, the old timers chose many "compromise" methods. But today we have no worries about food and clothing, and can access any information and books on various channels, including a lot of information that the "old Babas" have never seen or heard of. When someone comes up with conclusive and correct evidence, what are we objecting to? Are we against the teachings of Allah, or are we against the fear in our hearts after others use true knowledge to break our thousands of years of ancestor worship?
+
+Ancestor worship is a major sin for us Muslims, and it is a sin that will destroy the world. You can refer to the Chinese translation of Kitab al-Kaba'ir as "The Book of Major Sins", which is also translated as "The Seventy Deadly Sins". I won't say more about how serious ancestor worship is. Those who are interested can read the book I mentioned for themselves. Of course, no matter how much you tell someone who is not interested, they will only think that you are "challenging inherited authority" just to gain traffic. Another thing is that the old-timers are modest and cautious. If they see that they are being mythologized by future generations, I wonder if the old-timers will stand in court with us unscrupulous descendants in the court of Allah in the days to come!
+
+![image](https://archive.org/download/salaamalykum_wechat_repost_maliang_20260512/09_09-xBM17cBN7wHAva_jSZ63FA_002.jpg)
+
+My article today is not to tell you to abandon the fine traditions of your ancestors, but to tell you that when someone can produce accurate evidence, some of the things we have passed down from generation to generation need to be improved. Instead of standing there stubbornly, mumbling, "My ancestors did it this way, so I will do it too!" ”, then this goes back to the scripture quoted at the beginning of my article. If our ancestors were unlearned and unskilled people, would you still follow them like this?
+
+Our nation has reached this embarrassing situation today. to the influence of the general environment, it is actually more about people's rigidity and unwillingness to accept things that are inconsistent with their subconscious minds [even if these things are the truth], and then these conventional things are passed down from generation to generation. This reminds me of the fable "The Little Hedgehog Carrying a Watermelon" that I learned when I was studying. Does the sentence "My mother never taught me that" sound like what we say today, "It was like this in the 'elder baba scholars' period"! Today, our bodies are living in the 21st century, but our minds are still stuck in the feudal society. It is completely in the stage of "I will learn whatever the teacher teaches." There are not many people who can calm down and think about the future of this nation and the truth. Anyway, they all have an attitude of going with the flow and having no desires or desires. I just follow what my ancestors did, regardless of whether it’s right or wrong. To quote an internet buzzword, I just do it!
+
+At the end of the article, I still want to pray to Allah to bless the seniors with a generous and everlasting paradise, and to improve the level of the seniors in paradise! Also pray to Allah to enhance our faith and change our rigid thinking! Aminai!
+
+![image](https://archive.org/download/salaamalykum_wechat_repost_maliang_20260512/09_09-xBM17cBN7wHAva_jSZ63FA_003.jpg)
+
diff --git a/content/Muslim_Life_Guide__2024_Hui_Religious_Life___Dua__Fasting__Qurbani__amp__Gatheri.md b/content/Muslim_Life_Guide__2024_Hui_Religious_Life___Dua__Fasting__Qurbani__amp__Gatheri.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fbd0d73ccd6eb7bf5a152b7aebfe92b119ec7f19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Muslim_Life_Guide__2024_Hui_Religious_Life___Dua__Fasting__Qurbani__amp__Gatheri.md
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+---
+title: "Muslim Life Guide: 2024 Hui Religious Life — Dua, Fasting, Qurbani & Gatherings"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2450"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2450"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:51Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "fb6b4dbc659575aadec7d2aac972493143af25a44312fad6e07a9c92a69889fb"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Muslim Life Guide: 2024 Hui Religious Life — Dua, Fasting, Qurbani & Gatherings
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This account records a year of Muslim religious life in 2024, including night prayers, fasting, qurbani, religious gatherings, and visits connected with Hui Muslim tradition. It keeps the original personal observations, community details, and Islamic terms while presenting them in clear English for readers interested in everyday Muslim life.
+
+As a Han Chinese person born and raised in Beijing in the 1990s, my childhood life was actually quite far from the faith. Although I lived near the Dongsi Mosque, its imposing gate always made me feel like I should keep my distance. My Hui Muslim classmates just didn't eat pork, and otherwise, I couldn't tell any difference. My first connection to the faith started because I loved the soaked bread in soup (paomo) at the Longfu Mosque snack shop and the lamb skewers (yangrouchuan) at Xiayi Restaurant near my home. Twenty years ago, the scent of lamb skewers grilled over charcoal with big fans blowing at Xiayi on Dongsi North Street was my first impression of the faith.
+
+In middle school, I took my first flight for a long trip to Linxia and Xining to see the mosque communities in the residential areas, and I bought my first prayer cap (haomao). The sights in the Northwest felt new to me, and I became more and more interested in the culture of the faith. After I started college, I performed namaz for the first time in my life. Back then, I went to the mosque with Hui Muslim alumni from school to join activities. Even though I didn't know the words to recite yet, I followed everyone else's movements and felt the unity of the congregation (jamati).
+
+In 2015, a Hui Muslim friend from Tianjin took me to the Northwest Corner of Tianjin for the first time. The countless delicious foods dazzled me, and the deep history of the Great Mosque filled me with respect. At that time, I had just graduated from college and had my own income, so I started visiting mosque communities in different places. First along the Grand Canal, then along the Yangtze River, and then I traveled further and further. Now, it has almost been ten years. Tasting delicious food and visiting ancient mosques have brought me closer and closer to the faith.
+
+Unlike friends (dost) born into traditional Hui Muslim families, I learned most of my knowledge about the faith through books and the internet, and then practiced it by going to the mosque. Over these years, the mosque communities I have visited include those of the Shia, and the Hanafi, Shafi'i, Hanbali, and Maliki schools of the Sunni, as well as various domestic new traditions, old traditions, and different Sufi orders (menhuan). In the end, I chose to become a follower of the Gedimu.
+
+Gedimu means 'ancient,' so it is also called the 'Old Faith' or 'Old Tradition.' It has been passed down in China for hundreds of years and has accumulated a rich historical and cultural foundation. For a long time, the Gedimu has used various traditional rituals to strengthen the cultural identity of the community members, allowing the faith to continue in China for over a thousand years without fading. These activities bring everyone together, strengthening the faith and deepening friendships. Through one rich and colorful ritual after another, we feel that the path we are walking is becoming clearer, and we can feel the warmth of the big family of the faith, which keeps us from losing our way in the complex modern society.
+
+Below, I will share my religious life in 2024 with you. Every year, the Gedimu in Beijing emphasizes the 'Two Festivals and Two Gatherings,' which are Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, the Prophet's Birthday (Sheng Hui), and the Fatimah Gathering (Fatumei Hui). Additionally, as a son-in-law from Urumqi, we also follow the Northwest custom of holding night prayers (nianye) every year, and we cook porridge on the Day of Ashura. Our religious life is very rich. This year, during the Spring Festival holiday, we returned to Urumqi and happened to catch the night prayers, so we attended many of them in a row. As usual, I spent the month of Ramadan in Balizhuang. The Balizhuang Mosque is the mosque community with the best Ramadan atmosphere in Beijing in my opinion. For Eid al-Adha, we slaughtered a sheep in an orchard in Changping and also ate starch noodle soup (fentang). We attended two religious gatherings (shenghui) at Heying Mosque and Tongzhou Xiguan Mosque, one in the Northwest style and one in the North China style. I have two regrets this year: I was not in Beijing for the memorial days of Bo Haji Sheikh Baba and Lady Fatimah, so I could not attend. I hope to make it next year.
+
+**Nianye (night of scripture recitation)**
+
+See: Hui Muslim life in Urumqi during the Spring Festival holiday: Nianye, Luohuali (wedding engagement ceremony), Jumu'ah, and visiting relatives and friends.
+
+During the 2024 Spring Festival holiday, I took Suleiman to his grandparents' home in Urumqi, just in time for the noble month of Sha'ban (the eighth month of the Islamic calendar). The night of the 15th day of the eighth month of the Islamic calendar is the Night of Bara'at, which means the night of atonement. On this night, the two angels on our shoulders replace the 'scrolls' that record our good and bad deeds for the year. They seal the old scrolls and open new ones, which serve as evidence for questioning when we enter the afterlife, so it is also called the 'Night of Exchanging Scrolls'. In the traditions of Hui Muslims in some areas, when the month of Sha'ban arrives, everyone takes turns inviting the imam and friends and family to their homes for Nianye. The main process includes reciting scriptures, praising the Prophet, performing repentance (tawbah), and asking for forgiveness for family members and the deceased. Afterward, we eat a rich meal to strengthen bonds, improve our faith, and prepare for the noble month of Ramadan.
+
+February 17 was our family's Nianye, and it was also when we celebrated Suleiman's first birthday (suisuizi). We invited four imams and a large group of relatives to recite surahs, recite the Bara'at praise, perform tawbah, and offer dua, then we ate. First, we served appetizers (diediezi) and tea. The appetizers included nut towers and baklava we bought at a Uyghur pastry shop on Hetian Street, as well as traditional flaky pastries and sachima made by my aunt. After everyone chatted for a while, we cleared the appetizers and brought out the main dishes to officially start the feast.
+
+With the help of my aunts, we prepared a rich feast. The main dishes were clear-stewed lamb, braised steak, followed by steamed meat jelly (zhengmingzi), pearl meatballs, spicy chicken (jiaomaji), steamed fish, sweet platter (tianpanzi), and various stir-fried dishes. The staples were fried dough (youxiang), steamed buns (momo), and rice.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fk2nxw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/siqtmf.jpg)
+
+The fried dough (youxiang) was fried the day before. Before frying, I performed wudu (abudaiesi), then made the dough. After it rose, I scalded a small portion with hot oil and mixed in a little baking soda and fenugreek powder (xiangdoufen). I kneaded the scalded dough into the risen dough, covered the basin, and let it rest for 15 minutes. After resting, I rolled it into a long shape, pinched off pieces, rolled them into flat cakes, cut four small slits with a knife, and then it was ready to fry. When putting it into the pot, I said 'Bismillah' (taisimai). I fried it for a while, flipped it, and tapped the edge with chopsticks; when it felt hard, it was done.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tcvch2.jpg)
+
+**Luohuali (wedding engagement ceremony)**
+
+This time back, I happened to catch my brother-in-law's Luohuali ceremony. We had a feast at a small workshop (zhepai) in Anningqu, in the northern suburbs of Urumqi, and I ate some homemade fried sugar twists (tangningningzi). The feast started with appetizers, then they were cleared for the main dishes, which included clear-stewed meat, braised meatballs, braised fish, beef head meat, and so on.
+
+The traditional wedding customs of Xinjiang Hui Muslims are very elaborate. Before a marriage proposal, the man's family first makes inquiries about the woman's family. Then, they send a matchmaker with four types of gifts—tea, sugar cubes, red dates, and walnuts (or pastries)—wrapped in four colors, known as the four-color gift (sise li). The matchmaker's first visit with the four-color gift is called the opening gift (kaikou li). The matchmaker gives the gift, wrapped in red cloth, to the woman's family, but they do not give an answer right away. After careful consideration, the woman's family sends a message through the matchmaker. The man's family then sends the four-color gift again, which is called the confirming gift (luohua li), and after that, they enter the engagement stage.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wl0sti.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rhyu5q.jpg)
+
+**Attending a funeral (song maiti)**
+
+See: Visiting the Dawan gongbei in Urumqi
+
+During the Spring Festival in Urumqi, I happened to attend a funeral for an elder from the Luyuan Street community. Hundreds of people were there, and it was very moving. I could really feel the unity of the local community (jamaat).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xiusmd.jpg)
+
+**Fasting (zhai)**
+
+See: 2024 Beijing Ramadan Diary: Week One
+
+2024 Beijing Ramadan Diary: Week Two
+
+2024 Beijing Ramadan Diary: Week Three
+
+This year, I am spending Ramadan at the Balizhuang Mosque again. On the evening of March 11, I prayed the first Taraweeh at the Balizhuang Mosque. Every year, I enjoy the blessed atmosphere of the month of Ramadan (Ramadan) the most, as everyone gathers at the mosque to complete their worship.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x0a40h.jpg)
+
+**Elder Li made donkey-roll cakes (lvdagun), nut-and-fruit cake (qiegao), and pea flour cake (wandouhuang) for everyone.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/knwfls.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f2qs7v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xukhe5.jpg)
+
+The fast-breaking meal (iftar) is very rich, different every day, and includes all kinds of Beijing delicacies.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/97qd6v.jpg)
+
+**Noodles with soybean paste (zhajiangmian)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gc034t.jpg)
+
+**Fish head with flatbread (yutou paobing)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ekmp32.jpg)
+
+**Dumplings (jiaozi) that everyone made together**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6hzlqn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yvy98t.jpg)
+
+**Hot noodle soup (retangmian)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e37oll.jpg)
+
+**Breaking the fast with fermented mung bean milk (douzhi)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/970whr.jpg)
+
+**Door-nail meat pie (mending roubing)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qqlwnu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/igv72q.jpg)
+
+**Sugar-rolled fruit (tangjuanguo) and fried crispy snacks (zha gezi)**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rfsusd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yzvtm5.jpg)
+
+On the fourth day, a friend (dosti) invited everyone to break their fast at the Nanxiapo Mosque. We ate delicious beef stew, and I felt very grateful (shukr). The Nanxiapo Mosque held a communal meal (nietie). It is usually open to the public, selling eight-bowl feasts (badawan), breakfast, and fast food. You can enter directly from the hot pot restaurant next to the mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p8vgjq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ctkcvb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9qln0o.jpg)
+
+On the evening of the 17th day, I met up with a friend (dosti) to pray Tarawih at the Sudanese Embassy. The Sudanese Embassy is right next to Tuanjiehu subway station. We arrived at 7:50 and got in by showing our ID cards at the intersection. The call to prayer (adhan) was at 8:05, and the formal prayer started at 8:30. There were friends (dosti) from all over the world in the hall, standing in rows with all different skin colors. It really felt like I had traveled abroad. The imam for Tarawih was a young hafiz from Libya. His recitation was melodic and pleasant, and very moving. We prayed eight rak'ahs of Tarawih, with a taslim after every four. Finally, we prayed Witr with two rak'ahs followed by a taslim, and then one final rak'ah. This is quite different from the traditional prayer methods of the Gedimu Hui Muslims.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7jro1s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4157j8.jpg)
+
+On the evening of the 18th day, a friend (dosti) from Hunan intended to host an iftar at Nanxiapo Mosque. We had stewed meat with rice, which was very delicious. I met many new friends during this time. Ramadan is truly a great opportunity to bring everyone together.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9gm35h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/od04zd.jpg)
+
+**Experiencing the Ramadan atmosphere in Xi'an**
+
+See: Experiencing the Ramadan atmosphere in Xi'an
+
+I had always heard that the Ramadan atmosphere in Xi'an is special. Many shops adjust their business hours to provide suhoor meals, and every mosque is very lively at iftar time. I used the Qingming holiday to experience it for myself.
+
+At 3:00 AM, I wandered over to Miaohou Street. Miaohou Street is the street with the most suhoor meals in the Muslim Quarter (Huifang). We saw offal soup (zagan tang), spicy soup (hulatang), steamed rice cake (zenggao), crumbled flatbread in soup (paomo), meat pockets (rouhezi), and more. The variety was huge, and we ended up eating paomo.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u1i3d2.jpg)
+
+At 5:30 AM, we prayed Fajr at the North Mosque in Xiapiyuan. The praise (dhikr) was melodic and gentle, and it was truly soul-stirring.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hc7vep.jpg)
+
+**At noon, I went to Hujiagou in Xianyang to visit the grave (zifen) of Master Hu Dengzhou.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o29pnl.jpg)
+
+In the afternoon, I returned to the Muslim Quarter (Huifang) and had iftar at the Dapiyuan Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pzp0xb.jpg)
+
+After the Maghrib prayer, we had our iftar meal. There was zucchini, cold noodles (liangpi), stir-fried meat, steamed egg, mung bean porridge, and steamed buns (momo). There were many people, and the atmosphere was great.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0flxio.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ks1kqw.jpg)
+
+At 3:30 AM the next day, I had a lotus leaf bun (heye bing) with vegetables and red bean porridge at Ma Sanjia on Miaohou Street in the Muslim Quarter. Many people buy their suhoor meals at this shop, and a lot of them buy fried dough cakes (youbing) with vegetables.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6rwkgy.jpg)
+
+3:50 AM. After finishing the lotus leaf bun with vegetables, we continued west along Miaohou Street. We bought a cured beef sandwich (laoniurou jiamo) at the An Zhiliang Cured Beef and Mutton Shop, and then had a meatball spicy soup (rouwan hulatang) at the Jia Family shop at the Sajinqiao intersection across the street.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3zvnd8.jpg)
+
+At 5:50 AM, we prayed Fajr at the Daxuexi Alley Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oe0854.jpg)
+
+At noon, I prayed Jumu'ah at the Great Mosque on Huajue Alley.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/amyh1r.jpg)
+
+After Jumu'ah, I took the subway to the northeast of Xi'an city to visit the grave (zifen) at the Guangdamen Gongbei.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ea9iwf.jpg)
+
+In the evening, I had iftar at the Dongxin Street Mosque. I had barrel chicken (tongzi ji), spiced beef tongue (jiang koutiao), cold mixed dishes, braised fish chunks, steamed buns (momo), and red bean porridge.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mmcmlf.jpg)
+
+At 3:50 AM on the third day, we ate a five-dragon egg and vegetable sandwich (wulong dancai jiamo) on Beiguangji Street, where we also had meat oil rice (rouyoufan). Meat oil rice (rouyoufan) is a special dish that Hui Muslims in the neighborhood usually make only for Eid al-Fitr and the Prophet's birthday. It is a savory meat porridge made with beef bone broth and minced beef. It is salty, fragrant, and very auspicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q0cex1.jpg)
+
+After finishing the meat oil rice, we turned into Xiaopi Courtyard to eat steamed buns (baozi) at Ashiye's old shop. While we were eating, an older gentleman outside found out we were fasting and insisted on paying our bill. We felt so grateful, and it made us feel that the atmosphere in Xi'an is truly wonderful.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dr7u3y.jpg)
+
+At 5:30 AM, we performed namaz at the West Mosque (Xisi) on Sajinqiao.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kv4vq4.jpg)
+
+**Night of Decree (Laylat al-Qadr)**
+
+See: 2024 Beijing Ramadan Diary: Night of Decree and Eid al-Fitr
+
+The noble Night of Decree, a night of peace. This was the busiest and most lively day at Balizhuang Mosque since the start of Ramadan. Many friends (dosti) traveled from far away to return here. We also took a train from Xi'an to Beijing in the afternoon and headed straight to the mosque.
+
+For breaking the fast, we had white fungus and lotus seed porridge. We also tasted steamed rice cakes with sweet filling (aiwowo) made by the mosque elders, as well as mung bean cakes and crispy pastries (subing) that Zainab brought back from the Hui neighborhood. The meal for breaking the fast included fried tofu stewed with beef, lamb bone broth (yangtang), and various stir-fried dishes. It was a very rich feast.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/23uc10.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/06bkwm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o89yh9.jpg)
+
+On the 28th day, we had the final Taraweeh prayer of Ramadan. It was so hard to say goodbye! Balizhuang Mosque was still very lively. The elders were making steamed rice cakes with sweet filling (aiwowo) together, and there was also sticky rice cake (qiegao) made by Elder Li. As usual, we broke our fast with mung bean milk (douzhi). For the meal, we had noodles with gravy (dalu mian) featuring three types of toppings: daylily, tomato, and eggplant, along with various vegetable garnishes. I started with two bowls of mung bean milk and two cups of tea, then ate a large bowl of noodles. I was completely stuffed. I walked around the courtyard several times until I felt comfortable after the Taraweeh prayer.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/957yfi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/40w40k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/53181s.jpg)
+
+The last day of Ramadan! The elders at Balizhuang Mosque gathered again to make steamed rice cakes with sweet filling (aiwowo), small sticky rice cakes (qiegao), and sugar-rolled fruit (tangjuanguo). Everyone was reluctant to see Ramadan end.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aixu38.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ok54yk.jpg)
+
+The elders at Balizhuang Mosque were busy preparing for the next day's Eid al-Fitr, simmering the meat porridge and getting the fried dough (youxiang) ready.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yvmfk6.jpg)
+
+**Eid al-Fitr**
+
+Eid al-Fitr finally arrived. Balizhuang Mosque prepared meat porridge, fried dough (youxiang), and various pastries for everyone. The wheat grain aroma and the meat flavor in the porridge blended perfectly. It was delicious. With Imam Saiwabu and the elders, I not only received the blessing (suo) but also recited praises with the elders. I felt so grateful.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u9llci.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ey7vdi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eznr12.jpg)
+
+**Eid al-Adha**
+
+See: Celebrating the Eid al-Adha festival
+
+The night before Eid al-Adha, we stayed in Xiguanshi Village, known as the 'Number One Hui Muslim Village North of the Capital'. Early in the morning, we performed the major ritual washing (ghusl), brushed our teeth, applied perfume, recited the takbir, and walked from our hotel to the Xiguanshi Mosque to attend the congregational prayer.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b2k5b7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dmd9by.jpg)
+
+After the prayer, we went to the Jingyi Farmhouse at the foot of the Western Mountains to perform the sacrifice (qurbani). This year we chose a 110-pound sheep that grew up eating grass in the mountains, which is usually hard to find. Then we ate the festive starch noodle soup (fentang) made by my sister-in-law, and Zainab drank three bowls in one go!
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8m3qvp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dwse5l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cwuwik.jpg)
+
+**Day of Ashura**
+
+See: Another year, another Day of Ashura
+
+Legend says that when the great flood receded and Prophet Nuh's ship reached land, he and his followers used seven kinds of beans from the ship to make the first meal for humanity after the disaster. Because of this, across a vast region from Bosnia and Turkey in the west to China in the east, many friends (dostani) make Ashura bean porridge today to commemorate the landing of Nuh's ship. Nowadays in Turkey and the Balkan region, you can buy Ashure at dessert shops all year round. However, on the Day of Ashura, people are still used to making Ashure themselves and sharing it with the poor, relatives, neighbors, and friends.
+
+As usual, we made the Urumqi Hui Muslim version of Ashura bean rice. After work, I went to the supermarket to buy beans. This time I used seven kinds: soybeans, black beans, mung beans, red beans, chickpeas, white kidney beans, and lotus beans. First, I cooked the seven types of beans in a pressure cooker, then chopped the qurbani lamb into cubes and prepared chopped green onions. I stir-fried the meat with green onions, adding salt and Sichuan peppercorn powder. I added rice and glutinous rice to the cooked beans, then added the stir-fried meat cubes, and used the pressure cooker's rice setting to finish it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7dba03.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5t6c71.jpg)
+
+**Mawlid Celebration**
+
+See: Celebrating the Mawlid at Beijing Heying Mosque
+
+**Going to Xiguan Mosque in Tongzhou, Beijing, to celebrate the Mawlid.**
+
+Entering the month of Rabi' al-Awwal, mosques all over Beijing have started holding Mawlid celebrations. Over the weekend, we attended the celebration at Heying Mosque in Changping and ate authentic mashed potato cakes (yangyu jiaotuan), hand-held lamb ribs, and starch noodle soup (fentang), which was very blessed. The chili sauce on the mashed potato cakes was so fragrant that I couldn't help but pack some to take home; it tastes great with steamed buns (momo) or clear-stewed meat.
+
+The 12th day of the third month of the Islamic calendar is believed to be the birthday of the Prophet. Around this time every year, Muslims around the world hold events to honor the Prophet, known as Mawlid or Eid-e-Milad an-Nabi. In China, these are called Shengji, Sheng-hui, or Shengdan.
+
+Shengji activities date back to the time of the Tabi'un, the followers of the Prophet's companions. In the early days, these were mostly private events. Large-scale commemorations can be traced back to Egypt during the Fatimid Caliphate in the 12th century. In 1207, Saladin's brother-in-law Gökböri made Shengji a public holiday for the first time, which helped the celebration spread among Muslim communities. The Ottoman Empire made Shengji an official holiday in 1588, calling it Mevlid Kandili, which means the Candle Feast of the Prophet's Birthday.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6yi0y1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s2xrkn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/28na22.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xot3kl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nzco73.jpg)
+
+Halfway through the month of Shengji, we went to the Xiguan Mosque in Tongzhou to attend the Sheng-hui. In the morning, we first had meat porridge (rouzhou), then went into the main hall for scripture recitation and listened to the imam give a sermon (wa'z) about the life of the Prophet.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l9r3ul.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xokolx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mc1cnf.jpg)
+
+After leaving the hall, we sat down for a meal and had the traditional North China Hui Muslim Eight Great Bowls (badawan): stewed meat, steamed pork (kourou), crispy fried meat (songrou), meatballs, kelp, fried tofu puffs (doupo), radish, and lamb offal (yangza). There were also four stir-fried dishes: sautéed lamb liver, stir-fried shrimp, stir-fried diced chicken, and sesame lamb, followed by steamed fish. It was a very rich feast!
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cv842z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wnja28.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2w0a3n.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Muslim_Travel_Guide_China_2026__Luling_Mosque__Gadiriyya_Shrine_and_Hui_Muslim_H.md b/content/Muslim_Travel_Guide_China_2026__Luling_Mosque__Gadiriyya_Shrine_and_Hui_Muslim_H.md
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/content/Muslim_Travel_Guide_China_2026__Luling_Mosque__Gadiriyya_Shrine_and_Hui_Muslim_H.md
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+---
+title: "Muslim Travel Guide China 2026: Luling Mosque, Gadiriyya Shrine and Hui Muslim Heritage"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2738"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2738"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:06Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "024c32e6dcc625c3fe79d6fad43433540ee566d81519db2b89be91da46848a5b"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Muslim Travel Guide China 2026: Luling Mosque, Gadiriyya Shrine and Hui Muslim Heritage
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Muslim Travel Guide China 2026: Luling Mosque, Gadiriyya Shrine and Hui Muslim Heritage is presented here as a clear English travel account for Muslim readers, beginning with this scene: Hanzhong is the area in Shaanxi province with the next largest population of Hui Muslims after Xi'an, Zhen'an County, and Ankang. Hui Muslims in Hanzhong mainly live in the city center and the nearby Xixiang. The article keeps the original place names, food details, photographs, and cultural context while focusing on Luling Mosque, Gadiriyya Shrine, Hui Muslims.
+
+Hanzhong is the area in Shaanxi province with the next largest population of Hui Muslims after Xi'an, Zhen'an County, and Ankang. Hui Muslims in Hanzhong mainly live in the city center and the nearby Xixiang County. My destination for this trip is Chengguan Town in Xixiang County. You can take a bus or a train from Hanzhong city to Xixiang, and the trip takes about an hour and a half. Before leaving for Xixiang County, I stopped by to visit the Hanzhong Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qd8637.jpg)
+
+**Hanzhong Mosque**
+
+Built in 1986, Hanzhong Mosque features a Roman-style dome and is the only mosque in the Hanzhong city area. Legend has it that before the Tongzhi era of the Qing Dynasty, Hui Muslims made up nearly one-third of the population in Shaanxi and had over 800 mosques. After the Tongzhi era, the Hui Muslim population in Shaanxi nearly disappeared, leaving only the Muslim Quarter in Xi'an, as most were forced to move to Ningxia.
+
+If the Tongzhi incident had not happened, the Qing Dynasty would have collapsed in a few more years, and the Hui Muslims in Shaanxi would have developed much better. But history cannot be rewritten.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/27k723.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rsmtg1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ze29m5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/auxd9f.jpg)
+
+Xixiang County is where the most Hui Muslims in Hanzhong live, with a current population of over 4,000. The details of the mosques and shrines (gongbei) are in the table below:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nu221c.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v1a9ne.png)
+
+The table comes from "Mosques and Communities in a Context of Large-Scale Dispersion and Small-Scale Concentration: An Investigation into the Status of Islam in Xixiang County, Shaanxi Province" by Ma Qiang.
+
+**Xixiang County South Mosque**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pirv9c.jpg)
+
+The South Mosque is located on Chayuan Street in the West Gate area and covers about 2.6 mu. During the democratic reform of the feudal religious system in 1958, the South Mosque was forced to stop religious activities, and the community's religious life was merged into the North Mosque. The South Mosque's large dressing mirror, ceramic cooling stools, wooden chairs, and other items were sold off. Before the South Mosque closed in 1958, it followed the Gedimu tradition. After religious activities officially resumed in 2001, it began following the Ikhwan tradition.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x2bbxu.jpg)
+
+According to Ma Shinian's research, during the Republic of China era, this county had the largest number of Hui Muslims in the Hanzhong region, with over 600 households and three mosques located on North Street. The imam of the South Mosque was surnamed Chen and was from Gansu. The imam of the North Mosque was surnamed Wang and was from Ankang. The imam for the Old Mosque had not yet been hired. Each imam was very dedicated to religious affairs, and the South Mosque had a school dedicated to studying scriptures. Education was well-developed throughout the county, and many people studied religious scriptures. The Hui Muslims were generally well-off. Local prominent gentlemen, such as those surnamed Mu and Suo, were very enthusiastic about promoting public welfare and education for the community.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5zzvvy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wguc1u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tipnk2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bevkqx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bw88hp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fziprv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3u78lx.jpg)
+
+**Xixiang County North Mosque**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kdidh6.jpg)
+
+The Xixiang North Mosque was originally called Jingning Mosque. It was built in 1614 during the 42nd year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty. It is located on North Back Street in the West Gate area, about 300 meters from the South Mosque, and follows the Ikhwan tradition. During the Cultural Revolution, the military occupied the mosque. Oral tradition says that soldiers left after seeing a vision of an old man in white wearing a prayer cap (tasdar) praying. I suspect the vision was a jinn, because like humans, jinn can be Muslim or non-Muslim, and Muslim jinn also pray in mosques, though they are not easily seen by ordinary people.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8qlhh3.jpg)
+
+In 1953, Imam Yuan Fuxiang (1924–1982, from Hanzhong, Shaanxi) came to the North Mosque to teach at the invitation of Suo Wande, Wen Jinzhang, Ha Zihe, Ma Youheng, and others. The following year, during the month of Rajab (the seventh month of the Islamic calendar), he proposed that the South, North, and West mosques hold joint Friday prayers (Jumu'ah). The proposal received a positive response, and since then, the three mosques have taken turns hosting the Friday prayers, with the imams taking turns giving sermons (wa'z).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oovycl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dj7liu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7s57uj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jg4jxt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nqfhwc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qt1ti5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ysriqr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wcvsb3.jpg)
+
+**Ma's handmade beef pulled noodles (che mian).**
+
+I was looking for food in Xixiang and walked along the main road without seeing a single halal restaurant. I wondered if the Hui Muslims in Xixiang had become that scarce. Just as I was losing hope, I found this beef pulled noodle shop. The owner is a local and told me that if I walked further in, I would find two mosques. The area nearby is a residential neighborhood for Hui Muslims. These pulled noodles are a local specialty and are slightly spicy because Xixiang is close to Sichuan, and the locals even have a Sichuan accent when they speak.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nz5n4e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ev22r2.jpg)
+
+I really like eating at these small shops tucked deep inside residential areas, as the taste best represents the local flavor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gs6htt.jpg)
+
+This noodle shop also sells beef pies. I asked, and they are indeed a local snack. People in Xi'an call them crispy beef pies (xiangsu niurou bing), and some people add the word 'palace' (gongting) in front of the name.
+
+**Luling Cultural Square.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fl083f.jpg)
+
+Luling Mosque, also known as Youjiu Ting, is an important place where the great master Qi Jingyi of the Qadiriyya menhuan practiced, preached, and passed away. Luling Mosque consists of three main parts: Xiangen Mosque, the meditation room (jing shi), and Luling Mosque itself. It is a key cultural relic site under provincial protection in Shaanxi. Experts from the Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tongji University and the Kunihiro George Urban Architecture Institute in Japan visited the Linxia Great Gongbei, the Langzhong Baba Mosque, and the Xixiang Mosque. After nearly three years of in-depth research, they finally determined the design plan for Luling Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sjq001.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qtrxrj.jpg)
+
+Luling Mosque has six courtyards with a total of 99 rooms: Zhonghe Courtyard (containing a memorial archway, a front screen wall, an Arabic brick carving cultural art wall, and a brick arched gate), Yangzhi Courtyard (containing the Jiuzhao Pavilion, a rear screen wall, and a Qing Dynasty brick carving wall), Yuanmu Courtyard (containing a reception hall, dining room, and guest rooms), Jingxin Study (containing the Jingyi School and a cultural relic exhibition hall), Jingtang Courtyard (containing the Luling Academy and a cultural exhibition hall), and the prayer hall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d5nplk.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h4ew9j.png)
+
+As for the origin of the name Luling Mosque, People say during the early construction period in the Kangxi era, this place was a dense forest. While the great master Qi Jingyi was preaching, sika deer often came to listen quietly, and the name of the mosque came from this. Another story says that when Qi Jingyi's disciples were building a tomb pavilion for him, a pair of sika deer lay under a pine tree. The followers believed that a deer living for a thousand years was an auspicious sign, symbolizing that the teachings of the Qadiriyya menhuan would last for thousands of generations, so they named it Luling Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dri0oj.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z5eeiq.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w0h9ov.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ayn8c.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kwxcl3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2fxupq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ztowji.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2sl22f.png)
+
+**Meditation room (jing shi).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vhmsul.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/31xog6.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4puqd1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i6v97i.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xqsshf.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hcmkbe.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/200gau.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dmj1e1.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tubia6.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r0kgw1.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kiwj88.png)
+
+**Luling Academy**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4yaupo.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kpjjgb.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3cpi2o.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rr9ed1.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iw87il.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dibujx.png)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fbkjyo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gu7b8u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9c7otr.jpg)
+
+A major feature of the Qadiriyya menhuan is its monastic system, which divides monks into three levels:
+
+The first level of monks must enter the order as children and undergo long-term training involving begging, hunger, and mountain retreats.
+
+The second level of monks are called 'jijiaoren' (those who record the teachings). They can join later in life, but they are limited to living and practicing at the gongbei and do not beg or go into the mountains.
+
+The third level of monks are the caretakers who manage the gongbei, and their lives are not as difficult as the first two groups.
+
+Monks must be approved by their teacher beforehand. Once they join, they must practice celibacy, which means avoiding sexual desire, the six senses, and the pursuit of wealth and status. They also follow five rules: diligently studying the rules, begging for food, practicing hard, lighting incense in the morning, and bathing frequently. Imams and regular believers are considered laypeople and do not need to follow these rules. However, this unique way of practicing has also been criticized by some other sects.
+
+On the 11th day of the 9th lunar month in the 58th year of the Kangxi reign, or 1719 AD, the great ancestor Qi Jingyi passed away at the age of 63. Followers from Yangtuojia in Linxia suggested that the ancestor's remains should be moved back to his hometown of Hezhou. After discussion among the community, they decided to move his remains after the 100-day memorial, relocating them from Xixiang County to the west of Bafang in Hezhou.
+
diff --git a/content/Muslim_Travel_Guide__Xi_an_Mawlid_2025_Part_1___Spring_Festival_and_Hui_Traditio.md b/content/Muslim_Travel_Guide__Xi_an_Mawlid_2025_Part_1___Spring_Festival_and_Hui_Traditio.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7309d4ae4de39bff6b19988a5942c06885a9eae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Muslim_Travel_Guide__Xi_an_Mawlid_2025_Part_1___Spring_Festival_and_Hui_Traditio.md
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+---
+title: "Muslim Travel Guide: Xi'an Mawlid 2025 Part 1 — Spring Festival and Hui Traditions"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2471"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2471"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:38Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "380bcce96347628c6ac533de0cee145e75b4984aa488af1d01fac7a03a4fc6f1"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Muslim Travel Guide: Xi'an Mawlid 2025 Part 1 — Spring Festival and Hui Traditions
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Xi'an during the 2025 Spring Festival became the setting for a Mawlid gathering shaped by Hui Muslim community life, food, streets, and religious tradition. This first part keeps the original route, photographs, names, and observations from the Chinese travel account.
+
+In 2024, I experienced the strong atmosphere of Ramadan in Xi'an. See my post, 'Experiencing the Ramadan Atmosphere in Xi'an'. I returned to Xi'an for the 2025 Spring Festival to experience the atmosphere of the Prophet's Birthday, and I gained a lot.
+
+The Prophet's Birthday is also called the 'Holy Gathering' or 'Holy Birth,' and it is an annual event to commemorate the noble Prophet. Commemorating the noble Prophet dates back to the time of the followers of the Prophet's companions (Tabi'un), when people gathered to recite poems about him. Large-scale commemorative events can be traced back to the Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt during the 12th century. Egyptian historian Maqrizi recorded a Prophet's Birthday celebration held at the Fatimid court in 1122, which was attended by scholars and representatives of religious institutions. The event included listening to sermons (wa'z), distributing candy and honey, and giving out zakat.
+
+In 1207, Gökböri, the brother-in-law of Saladin and a hero who fought against the Crusades, made the Prophet's Birthday a public holiday for the first time. He held grand celebrations that helped spread the tradition to other regions. The Ottoman Empire made the Prophet's Birthday a legal holiday in 1588, calling it Mevlid Kandili. Kandili means 'oil lamp.' On this night, the minarets of mosques across the Ottoman Empire were lit up, symbolizing the light of the noble Prophet guiding the way for Muslims. Today, mosques in former Ottoman regions like Turkey and the Balkans still decorate with Mahya lights between two minarets during the holiday, arranging the lights into words of dua and blessings.
+
+Today, 39 countries around the world recognize the Prophet's Birthday as a national public holiday. Each region has different ways of celebrating, but most include decorating homes and mosques, giving zakat, telling stories of the noble Prophet's life, and reciting poetry. In Pakistan, 21-gun salutes are fired in all provincial capitals on the day of the Prophet's Birthday. In Yemen, people wear green clothes and hang green decorations all over their houses. In Java, Indonesia, there is a lively week-long market, and the Sultan of Yogyakarta holds a grand royal parade.
+
+In China, various regions also hold Prophet's Birthday celebrations, but the timing varies. Most celebrations take place in the third month of the Islamic calendar, which is said to be the month the noble Prophet was born. However, some regions hold them on other dates. For example, the Sichuan region usually chooses the autumn or winter, while a unique feature of the Xi'an Prophet's Birthday is that it is held during the Spring Festival.
+
+Every year around the twelfth lunar month, the Gedimu mosques in Xi'an post notices for the Prophet's Birthday. Each mosque takes one day, scheduled from New Year's Eve until after the Lantern Festival, making it a very lively time. During the New Year, Xi'an is full of festive spirit, with non-Muslim traditions like offering sacrifices to the kitchen god, staying up on New Year's Eve, honoring ancestors, and welcoming the God of Wealth. To keep their faith (imani) fresh and build a firewall for their beliefs during this time, Hui Muslims in Xi'an choose to hold Prophet's Birthday events seamlessly during this period, which is a sign of wisdom.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9d7r0a.jpg)
+
+According to tradition, the first Prophet's Birthday event of the year is held at the Small Mosque on Guangji Street. The praise of the Prophet (Zansheng) begins at the Digele mosque the day before New Year's Eve, marking the start of the Mawlid celebrations in Xi'an.
+
+The famous Thirteen Quarters Praise Group (Shisanfang Zansheng Tuan) from Xi'an performs the Zansheng. Xi'an's Hui Muslim quarter preserves over thirty Zansheng poems. Among them, the Mawlid is a special chant recited during the Mawlid festival that tells the life story of the noble Prophet. The Muhaimaisi, originally called Qasida al-Burda, means Song of the Cloak. It consists of 160 five-line poems and is the most famous Zansheng poetry, widely spread across North Africa, Central Asia, and China. The Maidaiyihai, also translated as Praise Chapters, is a collection of Zansheng writings dedicated to commemorating the noble Prophet.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0qfgeg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8sxgbt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rg2p8j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ca86y3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sf70lf.jpg)
+
+After the Zansheng ended, I ate cumin lamb, stir-fried lamb liver, lotus root slices with meat, and steamed eggs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/79k3tu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pb19vb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/33y5l9.jpg)
+
+On the morning of January 28, the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month, the Small Mosque on Beiguangji Street officially began its Mawlid activities. Director Jia is 82 years old, yet he still organizes the mosque's activities with great energy, which is truly admirable. First, the imams from various quarters open and conclude the scripture reading, then the Thirteen Quarters Praise Group performs the Zansheng, followed by a speech from the local imam, and finally, oil porridge (youfan) is served. Oil porridge (youfan) is a special food served in Xi'an's Hui Muslim quarter only during festivals. It is a porridge made from beef and mutton bone broth, mixed with minced beef, Sichuan peppercorns, and salt. It tastes salty and numbing, making it very warming in winter. After drinking the oil porridge, a guest imam gives a sermon (wa'ez) and leads the great praise (dazan), and then the feast begins.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ttjwuy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3a6pwv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r5titp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sfhr85.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sketng.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dcvax4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bq1xob.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9dv7z6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/83a1ax.jpg)
+
+I ate a scripture hall feast (jingtang xi) consisting of braised chicken, braised fish, crispy fried meat (xiaosurou), mixed vegetable meatballs, sweet rice, braised oxtail, and yam stewed with meat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rgdrh0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wdg12u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e4f3zf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kscv7y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vadfia.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m6e0ej.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vnud6s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/evtppj.jpg)
+
+On the afternoon of January 28, after the Digele prayer, I went to the South City Mosque (Nancheng Si) to attend the Zansheng. I ate lentil noodle flags (biandou mianqizi), potato slices, braised eggplant, cumin lamb, and stir-fried lamb liver.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ymihjn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gajmgt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xr2cxr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zisizo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a13ibx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yua0gl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jzuclw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yy37o2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vi33p6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h5o1xd.jpg)
+
+The South City Mosque was built in 1683 (the 22nd year of the Kangxi reign). It was originally built to serve the Muslim officers, soldiers, and their families stationed in the Han Eight Banners in the south of Xi'an. As early as 1645 (the second year of the Shunzhi reign), the Qing Dynasty established a Manchu Eight Banners garrison city in the east of Xi'an. In 1683, after the Qing Dynasty quelled the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, they built a Han Eight Banners garrison city in the southeast of Xi'an to strengthen military power, which was called the South City. In 1780 (the 45th year of the Qianlong reign), the South City garrison was abolished. The Han Eight Banners officers and soldiers became civilians and were transferred to the Green Standard Army, and the South City Mosque officially became a mosque for all local Muslims.
+
+During the Tongzhi reign, when Xi'an was under siege, the South City Mosque played a special role. At that time, the Hui Muslims in Xi'an could not leave the city for eighteen years, so when they passed away, they were carried to the South City Mosque for burial. People say there was not enough burial shroud (kafan) at the time, so paper had to be used instead. This led to a folk song: Carried all the way to the South City, buried regardless of whether they were rich or poor. Whatever food they ate while alive, they were wrapped in paper when they died.
+
+On the morning of January 29, the first day of the Lunar New Year, I attended the Mawlid at the South City Mosque, which included scripture reading, drinking oil porridge, a sermon, and Zansheng. Imams from various Yihewani and Sailafiye mosques in Xi'an also came to read the scriptures, showing the unity of the Xi'an Muslim community.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9x83qz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qykvka.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1a0dvx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k4er5w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qddhgb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pm910f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2cp8ii.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g5dv56.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lgzd7z.jpg)
+
+At the South City Mosque, I ate potato stewed with meat, braised chicken, braised fish, water-basin meat (shuapen rou), mixed vegetable meatballs, and sweet rice platter (tianpanzi), all of which are classic Hui Muslim banquet dishes.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vmhlat.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nbwkzl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/za7j2g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pe4jev.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r40ofr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/khlsnp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zbolcs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8e7cdh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/340eb9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u1tq0t.jpg)
+
+On January 29, the first day of the Lunar New Year, Digelehou attended the praise of the Prophet (Zansheng) at the Ancient Mosque (Gusi) on Sajinqiao Street in Xi'an. The Ancient Mosque on Sajinqiao was first built during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. It was originally called Tielufang Mosque and is commonly known as the North Mosque. In 1926, members of the Ikhwan sect in the Sajinqiao area raised funds to build the Sajinqiao West Mosque, and the original Sajinqiao Mosque became known as the Ancient Mosque or Old Mosque. After reopening in 1985, the Ancient Mosque was rebuilt as a modern structure, and the calligraphy inside the main prayer hall is a major highlight.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3he80h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/78mljn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1yzwa2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wklfe2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ieayry.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6pf3jm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ye6zj1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tn770i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ohwzrs.jpg)
+
+On January 30, the second day of the Lunar New Year, I celebrated the Prophet's birthday (Shengji) at the Ancient Mosque. The main gate of the Ancient Mosque only opens wide during festivals, and inside the gate stands an ancient locust tree nearly 200 years old. In the mosque courtyard, they cooked a large pot of oily rice (youfan), which was fragrant and spicy, warming me up completely after I finished a bowl.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/th8ueb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bzis69.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6lsdjs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9vtv7p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/49cx3a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q2y0h9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b2gbd9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ih4993.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/85lg29.jpg)
+
+At the entrance of the Ancient Mosque, I tasted stewed beef tendon, meatball stew (wanzi huicai), braised meat (huangmenrou), lamb offal soup (yangzaguo), stewed pork with yam, stewed oxtail, and sweet rice platter (tianpanzi). I love oxtail so much; it was very tender and fell right off the bone.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/37z5oa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/371z96.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ll1530.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uhm692.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w7urdm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ibhe1y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/00mxu1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7ln0b1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cxly1l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a4nnly.jpg)
+
+On the afternoon of January 30, the second day of the Lunar New Year, Digelehou attended the praise of the Prophet at the Great Mosque on Huajue Lane in Xi'an. I tasted stir-fried cabbage, celery with dried tofu, cumin lamb, stir-fried meat (xiaochao rou). In Xi'an, the Prophet's birthday celebrations usually involve eating stir-fried dishes after the praise of the Prophet, and stewed dishes the next day.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3lo6x4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g4w67y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/419wlc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y2us39.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c322zo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8mth67.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kc1wbu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eve5ey.jpg)
+
+On the morning of January 31, the third day of the Lunar New Year, I attended the Prophet's birthday celebration at the Great Mosque on Huajue Lane. People from various Xi'an mosque communities, including Gedimu, Ikhwan, and Salafiyya, all came to participate. They also invited an imam from the North Mosque in Pingliang to give a sermon (wa'iz). I tasted stewed potatoes with meat, stir-stir-fried meat with yellow chives, braised hairtail, stir-stir-fried meat with asparagus lettuce, lamb offal soup, sliced meat, meatball stew, and crispy stir-fried meat (xiaosuru), finishing with a sweet soup.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jse84w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s6h8x8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6fgzv3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jobzj4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vz44ew.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hk12xr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mlye55.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b4enev.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/stegtm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bimvez.jpg)
+
+Stepping into the Great Mosque on Huajue Lane feels like time has frozen; one step takes you deep into history.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wn7su0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rnd23u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k2omsx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v0fnaa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1opfus.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l4x34y.jpg)
+
+The details of the mihrab in the Great Mosque on Huajue Lane show a very exquisite Ming Dynasty mihrab. It has high artistic value and is a fusion of Persian and traditional Chinese styles. It is hard to find this style of mihrab in the Qing Dynasty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4k2glq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/di6b9n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qidkzm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b3z5lu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g4u5yn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/02zgh2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o1s7cx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mwymo6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6u70ds.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g3bd1d.jpg)
+
+Details of the wood carvings in the prayer hall of the Great Mosque on Huajue Lane. This time, I noticed that the Great Mosque on Huajue Lane installed a surveillance screen at the entrance of the main hall, allowing visitors to see inside. I think this is a welcome improvement.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dgbctl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ww7ai8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i9ik1u.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Muslim_Travel_Guide__Xi_an_Mawlid_2025_Part_2___Spring_Festival_Photos.md b/content/Muslim_Travel_Guide__Xi_an_Mawlid_2025_Part_2___Spring_Festival_Photos.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d2a3b66f20bbc6407d0d413c5d78f4cd25731876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Muslim_Travel_Guide__Xi_an_Mawlid_2025_Part_2___Spring_Festival_Photos.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+---
+title: "Muslim Travel Guide: Xi'an Mawlid 2025 Part 2 — Spring Festival Photos"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2470"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2470"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:32Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "3440785ecdbd958788c53719a3c2c062e9b54c9b4c956346d8e109a0e2272f9f"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Muslim Travel Guide: Xi'an Mawlid 2025 Part 2 — Spring Festival Photos
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This short second part of the Xi'an Mawlid 2025 record is mostly a photo-based continuation of the Spring Festival visit. The English version keeps the original image order and context while presenting the piece as part of the wider Xi'an Muslim community travel series.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wu5qmh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/662ekp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/buyzag.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bs2f39.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tffzow.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/adrlis.jpg)
diff --git a/content/My_Hui_and_Islamic_Collection__Muslim_Artifacts_from_Republican_China.md b/content/My_Hui_and_Islamic_Collection__Muslim_Artifacts_from_Republican_China.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73e00cde545c900637faa1964fe9c3011cd3b0b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/My_Hui_and_Islamic_Collection__Muslim_Artifacts_from_Republican_China.md
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+---
+title: "My Hui and Islamic Collection: Muslim Artifacts from Republican China"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1913"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1913"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:41Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "1e854f931b83776675d1e0bb5a09c5e7cf4992c6e0bf95c1371487cf44c94956"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# My Hui and Islamic Collection: Muslim Artifacts from Republican China
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces My Hui and Islamic Collection: Muslim Artifacts from Republican China. Unable to leave Beijing for over a year, I started hunting for old items related to Hui Muslims online, and now I am sharing them with everyone one by one. I will start by posting a few from the Republic of China era. It is useful for readers interested in Islamic Collectibles, Hui Muslims, Republican China.
+
+Unable to leave Beijing for over a year, I started hunting for old items related to Hui Muslims online, and now I am sharing them with everyone one by one. I will start by posting a few from the Republic of China era.
+
+A Zhengxingde tea canister from the Republic of China era; its condition is still decent, and it contains a lot of information. It is written inside that the Zhengxingde headquarters at the time was at Zhugan Lane outside the North Gate of Tianjin, and the branch was on the east side of Lizhan Avenue in the French Concession. At that time, Zhengxingde had branches in Beiping, Baoding, and Cangxian, while its tea-scenting factories were distributed in Fuzhou, Sukou, Hangzhou, Chun'an, Huizhou, Huangshan, Huoshan, and Jieyuan.
+
+It is also written on it that the tea canister was self-made by the Zhengxingde Canister Manufacturing Department and printed by the Zhicheng Flower Iron Printing Paper Factory inside the North Gate of Tianjin.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bzn87q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lxnzod.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/awhugn.jpg)
+
+A "Hui Muslim-made" hurricane lamp. Although I haven't found the origin of this hurricane lamp, it is indeed very unique. German-style hurricane lamps were widely equipped in the military during the Republic of China era; not only the Nationalist army but even the Red Army were equipped with them. My hurricane lamp might have been used by the Hui Muslim Detachment at that time and followed them into battle.
+
+First, you can see that "Meizuishi" and the Meizuishi trademark are written on the glass shade of the hurricane lamp. Meizuishi was a famous German trading firm during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, which distributed a large number of hurricane lamps in China. The hurricane lamp I hunted for is basically the same in shape as the three-hoop Meizuishi hurricane lamp from the same period of the Republic of China, but the characters on the base are completely different.
+
+Generally, the base of a Meizuishi hurricane lamp would have "Meizuishi" or "Meizuishi Made in Germany" written on it, along with the German word "FEUERHAND" and the Firehand trademark. Feuerhand (Firehand) was the world's largest manufacturer of hurricane lamps during the Republic of China era, basically synonymous with hurricane lamps, and on the right, there would be the model of the lamp, generally 201, 252, 270, etc. At the very top, it would say "MADE IN GERMANY" in English, but the one I hunted for is not like this.
+
+The base of the hurricane lamp I hunted for says "Warship Brand, Hui Muslim-made," and the trademark in the middle is unclear; it also seems to be a warship at sea. I searched for a long time but could not find a hurricane lamp brand called "Warship." Further up, it says "HWAHSO," which seems to be a transliteration of the Firehand hurricane lamp, and above that, it says "MADE IN CHINA."
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iy9ut4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z6ml9z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ir6lem.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fuc7vd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/79pjxg.jpg)
+
+Qingzhen Xiangyicheng Southern-style tribute pastries from "Taolizhuang, West of Zhangbei County Town."
+
+Taolizhuang is located on the Bashang Grassland in Zhangjiakou. It was originally a pasture for the Chahar Mongol tribe. After the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Hui Muslims began to move there to reclaim land. The current ancient mosque in Xichengyao, Taolizhuang, was built during the Yongzheng reign.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cs883w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sy7qp9.jpg)
+
+A postcard of the Changtong Road Mosque in Changchun around 1935. Changchun was the capital of the puppet Manchukuo state, Xinjing, at that time, and the Changtong Road Mosque was also the main mosque of Islam in the puppet Manchukuo state.
+
+During the puppet Manchukuo period, Japan issued many postcards of the Changchun Changtong Road Mosque. The one I hunted for is relatively clear; the words on the door, "Manchuria Islamic Association Xinjing Branch," can be seen clearly, and you can also see the electric wires pulled in the mosque and the horse-tethering posts at the entrance. The Manchuria Islamic Association was established in 1934, with Kawamura Kyodo as president, and it had 146 branches at that time. In 1936, it was renamed the Manchuria Muslim Association, increasing to 182 branches. In 1938, it was reorganized by the Japanese Kwantung Army, the presidency was abolished, and Wang Dianzhong, a Hui Muslim and general in the puppet Manchukuo army from Yingkou, was appointed as the director-general. The puppet Manchukuo government's Ministry of Public Security allocated funds, and by 1942, the number of branches increased to 192.
+
+The postcard was produced in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, and the brand is called "TAISHO." This brand has a pigeon trademark, which is different from the eagle trademark of Taisho Pharmaceutical's "TAISHO," so I haven't found out which brand it actually is.
+
+The Changtong Road Mosque was first built in 1824 and has been expanded many times since; it is a rare Qing Dynasty building in Changchun. The earliest Hui Muslims who moved to Changchun were called the "Shandong Group." The Han and Li families from Hanjiachai, Tai'an, Shandong, were the first to arrive in Changchunpu, where the Changchun government office was located, after 1800 to settle down. After the Changchun government office moved to Kuanchengzi in 1825, the Han and Li families also moved into the city. Since then, Hui Muslims from Shandong and Hebei have continuously moved to Changchun.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t0y4w7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y6vqjo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zytjdk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/76gen8.jpg)
+
+A military postcard used by the invading Japanese army. The front shows the main hall of the Hohhot Great Mosque taken by an embedded reporter, with "(Mongolia Hohhot) mosque Islamic Prayer Hall" written on the right, and "Postcard" and "Military Mail" written on the back. In 1937, Prince De established the Mongol United Autonomous Government in Guisui, renaming Guisui City to Hohhot City, abbreviated as Hohhot, until it was changed back to Guisui City after Japan's defeat in 1945.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kbu1tr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4p9wze.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ag0mwd.jpg)
+
+In the photo I took of the main hall of the Hohhot Mosque, you can see that the couplets and the Tasmiya (the phrase 'In the name of Allah') plaque inside the main hall have not changed today, but the Mihrab (prayer niche) and the doors on both sides no longer exist.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lbbmvm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/akbvdp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gzdb17.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z3j1nk.jpg)
+
+Packaging for Ruixiangge sanitary incense, with the address at No. 27, Xiaoshikou, Northeast of Huashi, outside Chongwenmen, Beijing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ia9ols.jpg)
diff --git a/content/North_China_Muslim_Life_in_Old_Railway_Photos__Hui_Food__Shops_and_Streets.md b/content/North_China_Muslim_Life_in_Old_Railway_Photos__Hui_Food__Shops_and_Streets.md
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+---
+title: "North China Muslim Life in Old Railway Photos: Hui Food, Shops and Streets"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2013"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2013"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:51Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "5cb9bd43074fc5fc9168fd8a3746a0cea02f8c748f17deec89bf2be4c6c38056"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# North China Muslim Life in Old Railway Photos: Hui Food, Shops and Streets
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** North China Muslim Life in Old Railway Photos: Hui Food, Shops and Streets is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: On February 12, 2019, the Institute for Research in Humanities at Kyoto University released 35,000 old photos from 1939-1945 held by the North China Transportation Company. The account keeps its focus on Hui Muslims, Old Photos, North China while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+On February 12, 2019, the Institute for Research in Humanities at Kyoto University released 35,000 old photos from 1939-1945 held by the North China Transportation Company. These photos, known as the North China Transportation Photographs, show the customs, folk culture, and lost landscapes of North China from 80 years ago.
+
+The North China Transportation Company was founded in Beijing in April 1939 under the management of the Japanese Army. It managed railways, roads, rivers, and ports in North China while also producing propaganda, including the North China (Beizhi) pictorial magazine. Most of the North China Transportation Photographs were taken for the North China (Beizhi) pictorial.
+
+The online address for the North China Transportation Photographs is: http://codh.rois.ac.jp/north-china-railway/announcement/index.html.zh-cn
+
+Below, I share some scenes of Hui Muslim life in North China from the North China Transportation Company collection.
+
+**Beijing**
+
+A photo of the halal shop Gonghekui taken at the square in front of the Bell Tower on June 14, 1939.
+
+The halal pastry shop Gonghekui opened in 1894 (the 20th year of the Guangxu reign). It was founded by Zhang Jishan, and the shop was located at the east entrance of Yandai Xiejie on the street outside Di'anmen. The main difference with halal pastries is that they use vegetable oil instead of animal fat. Gonghekui was known for making different pastries according to the season, including sweet rice balls (yuanxiao) for the Lantern Festival, sun cakes (taiyanggao) on the first day of the third lunar month, elm coin cakes (yuchiangao) in the third month, fresh rose cakes and fresh wisteria cakes in the fourth month, five-poison cakes (wudubing) for the Dragon Boat Festival, mung bean cakes and pea flour cakes (wandouhuang) in the sixth month, tuckahoe cakes (fulingbing) in the seventh month, mooncakes in the eighth month, honey twists (mimahua) and unicorn pastries (qilin su) in the ninth month, flower cakes (huagao) for the Double Ninth Festival, and ginger juice fried dough (jiangzhi paixia) during the Muslim month of Ramadan.
+
+Besides pastries, Gonghekui also made its own popsicles in the summer. This is shown in the old photo, where the sign reads: "Machine-made, hygienic popsicles, cool and refreshing for summer," with smaller text below saying: West side of Di'anmen Street.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b5b8hn.jpg)
+
+**The halal Li Ji copper plaque in March 1941.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/seg1ww.jpg)
+
+Baodu Feng in September 1941.
+
+Here is an excerpt about Jinshenglong Baodu Feng from the book History of Beijing Dong'an Market (Huanhui Jisheng - Beijing Dong'an Shichang Shi):
+
+Not long after the Dong'an Market opened, two Hui Muslims named Wang and Feng set up stalls selling tripe (baodu). Although the two families were cousins and their skills were similar, the competition was fierce as each tried to create unique features and attract customers. Later, Baodu Wang became famous first and by the 1940s had developed into the Xideshun Lamb Restaurant with two storefronts. Baodu Feng continued to run a stall until after the liberation, when they built a shed, hung the Jinshenglong sign, and continued to specialize in tripe.
+
+Selling tripe is hard work. Jinshenglong founder Feng Tianjie worked alongside his wife and children. The beef and lamb tripe they used was bought from the slaughterhouses (niuguohuo) and lamb shops located between Chaoyangmen and Dongbianmen. The supply was not fixed, and families had to compete to buy it, often running around and humbly asking people for stock, only to sometimes come back empty-handed. When they bought tripe, they would get 40 to 50 jin at most, or 20 to 30 jin at least. Without transport, they had to carry bamboo baskets on their arms and walk several miles to bring it home. Cleaning tripe is even harder work. The Feng family lived in the slums outside Chaoyangmen near the South River bank. There was a bitter-water well nearby. For over thirty years, Feng Tianjie's wife went to the well almost every day with buckets and basins to wash tripe. Each piece of tripe had to be washed seven times, turning it inside out three times and right-side out four times, cleaning every leaf of the omasum (baiye) one by one. In winter, the water was freezing, leaving her hands red and swollen. Sometimes even her shoes would freeze to the well platform. After cleaning the tripe, she had to carry a basket and walk five or six li to sell it at the Dong'an Market.
+
+Quick-boiled tripe (baodu) must be fresh; the fresher, the better. It is usually sold out the same day, within twenty-four hours. When the weather is warm, the cleaned tripe must be kept on ice to stay fresh. In cold weather, it must be protected from freezing. Because it is hard to store, the price changes. When supply is low, they sell it sparingly, but when there is too much or few customers due to bad weather, they have to sell it off cheaply. Every year after spring begins, there is less cattle and sheep slaughter, so the baodu business enters a slow season. In midsummer, when the mutton shops close their counters and the mutton carts stop, the baodu sellers have to put away their pots and temporarily sell things like mung bean jelly (liangfen) and rice cakes (paigao) to get through the slow season.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oogmna.jpg)
+
+**Wang's Halal Cuixianzhai.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/obqwfv.jpg)
+
+In December 1940, a halal roasted mutton shop on Meishi Street outside Qianmen, where you can faintly see a water pitcher (tangping) image.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0c84td.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/po9y4x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ok5s1v.jpg)
+
+In January 1941, Zhang's Halal Hui Muslim rice cakes, during the first lunar month when rice cakes are in season.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r9slov.jpg)
+
+On the storefront of a Hui Muslim family, you can see the owner is named Jia Tingrong.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q0iybu.jpg)
+
+The halal sign is very pointed. Inside are the three types of incense burners (luping sanshi). On the auspicious clouds above, there should be the pointed hat worn by an imam.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8xhtay.jpg)
+
+**October 1941, calling the adhan at the Niujie Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mybc06.jpg)
+
+**The Niujie Mosque in October 1941.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f4thm0.jpg)
+
+**The Niujie Mosque in March 1941.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j8r5oh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mtqm6c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e8vfz8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vgw7e3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4gqn6x.jpg)
+
+**The Niujie Mosque in April 1941.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jgkwjd.jpg)
+
+September 1939, the imam of the Niujie Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jf2aw1.jpg)
+
+September 1939, performing minor ablution (wudu) at the Niujie Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2szj09.jpg)
+
+September 1939, the Quran (Guer'ani) at the Niujie Mosque, printed by the Beiping Chengda Normal School.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nso5a8.jpg)
+
+The Tianqiao Mosque in March 1939.
+
+Tianqiao Mosque was located north of the mosque of Agriculture (Xiannongtan) between Fuchang Street Fourth and Fifth Lanes. It was built in 1926. Its demolition date is unknown, and the original site is now the Beijing Institute of Economics.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ihjvmr.jpg)
+
+**Tianqiao Mosque in March 1941.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2n5tpx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v6t0al.jpg)
+
+**Tianqiao Mosque in July 1941.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/icwnbl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l98atf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tq80va.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/arwvm0.jpg)
+
+**Zhangjiakou.**
+
+June 1938, performing wudu (ritual washing).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ktwgfp.jpg)
+
+**Mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/01wyje.jpg)
+
+**Islamic school (jingxuexiao).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jk54yo.jpg)
+
+**Hohhot.**
+
+The minaret (bangkelou) on the gate of the Gansui Mosque in Hohhot in November 1939.
+
+The Gansui Mosque, also known as the North Mosque (Qingzhen Beisi), was built during the Xianfeng era and started as a small Islamic primary school. In 1921, Hui Muslims from the Northwest who had recently arrived in Hohhot, including Li Fengzao and Su Jinpo, joined local Hui Muslims to buy 12 mu of land at the Wang Family Vegetable Garden outside the North Gate of Suiyuan on Tongdao Street. They rebuilt it over three and a half years and named it Gansui Mosque, commonly known as the North Mosque. Afterward, the North Mosque became the center for the Yihewani sect of Hui Muslims in Hohhot.
+
+The North Mosque was demolished in 1962 and merged with the West Mosque to form the Northwest Mosque, which was rebuilt in 1986.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g4s6qc.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Old_Photos_of_Hui_Muslims_in_Guangzhou_and_Sanya__Waseda_Library_Collection.md b/content/Old_Photos_of_Hui_Muslims_in_Guangzhou_and_Sanya__Waseda_Library_Collection.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a3e17694cc7a17097f660585517e2348639f648
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Old_Photos_of_Hui_Muslims_in_Guangzhou_and_Sanya__Waseda_Library_Collection.md
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+---
+title: "Old Photos of Hui Muslims in Guangzhou and Sanya: Waseda Library Collection"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2016"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2016"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:46Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "a35296f89740dac97bd92530e3891e35bf5a5dc9c0c777854babe750ee906ce7"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Old Photos of Hui Muslims in Guangzhou and Sanya: Waseda Library Collection
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Old Photos of Hui Muslims in Guangzhou and Sanya: Waseda Library Collection is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Waseda University Library holds a large collection of old photos from the Greater Japan Muslim Association (Dai-Nippon Kaikyo Kyokai, or DNKK). The account keeps its focus on Hui Muslims, Old Photos, Guangzhou Muslims while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+Waseda University Library holds a large collection of old photos from the Greater Japan Muslim Association (Dai-Nippon Kaikyo Kyokai, or DNKK). The DNKK was a wartime Japanese research organization for Islam. It started in 1938 and closed in 1945. They traveled to China and took many old photos of Hui Muslims. You can view them all online now.
+
+Address: https://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kotenseki/ga_Islam/Islam_bunko_list.pdf
+
+**Guangzhou**
+
+After the Tang Dynasty, many Muslims from Arabia and Persia came to Guangzhou for business, and many of them chose to settle down. These Muslims were called "foreign guests" (fanke), and the communities where they lived were known as "foreign quarters" (fanfang).
+
+The heart of the Guangzhou foreign quarter was the Huaisheng Mosque. The Huaisheng Mosque was rebuilt many times after the Yuan Dynasty, and today only the minaret, known as the "Light Tower" (Guangta), remains from before the Yuan period. Legend says the Huaisheng Mosque was built during the Tang Dynasty, and the earliest discovered record of the Light Tower comes from the Northern Song Dynasty poet Guo Xiangzheng. He arrived in Guangzhou in the first lunar month of 1088 (the third year of the Yuanyou era) and left in the second month. During his stay, he climbed the Light Tower of the Huaisheng Mosque and wrote the poems "Climbing the Foreign Tower with Ying Shu" and "Presenting to Commander Jiang at the Yue Wang Terrace in Guangzhou."
+
+During the Southern Song Dynasty, Fang Xinru and Yue Ke both recorded the Light Tower of the Huaisheng Mosque.
+
+In 1206 (the second year of the Kaixi era of the Southern Song), Fang Xinru wrote in "One Hundred Poems of the South Sea" (Nanhai Baiyong): The foreign tower began in the Tang Dynasty and is called the Huaisheng Tower. It rises straight up, about 16.5 zhang high, with no stairs inside. A golden rooster sits on top, turning with the wind. Every year in the fifth or sixth month, the foreigners climb to the top at the fifth watch to call out the name of Allah and pray for favorable winds. Below it is a prayer hall.
+
+Yue Fei's grandson, the Southern Song writer Yue Ke, came to Guangzhou with his father at age 10 in 1192. In the "Foreigners in Panyu" section of his book "History of the Desk" (Tuo Shi), he described the Muslim community in Guangzhou at that time: Behind it is a stupa that reaches into the clouds. Its style is unlike other towers. It is surrounded by bricks to form a large base, built up layer by layer, with a rounded exterior covered in plaster, looking like a silver brush. There is a door at the bottom. You climb the steps and turn inside like a spiral, and you cannot see the stairs from the outside. Every few dozen steps, there is an opening. In the fourth or fifth month of the year, when the ships are about to arrive, the foreigners enter the tower and call out from the openings to pray for the south wind, and it often works. At the very top, there is a large golden rooster that replaces the traditional wheel, though it is now missing one foot.
+
+The 1350 (the tenth year of the Zhizheng era of the Yuan) "Record of Rebuilding Huaisheng Mosque" states that the mosque was destroyed in 1343 (the third year of the Zhizheng era) and rebuilt in 1350: At the foot of White Cloud Mountain and the slope of Po Mountain, there is a pagoda. Its style is from the Western Regions, standing tall like stone. It is something not seen in the Central Plains, and legend says it began in the Tang Dynasty... When the mosque was destroyed in the year of Guwei of the Zhizheng era, the halls were left empty.
+
+**The opening ceremony of the Huaisheng Mosque Islamic Elementary School in the 1930s.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x8wvbs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qdulv7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bocdo1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oz25ro.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zr7gha.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/on2xhg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xmsu0v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ud6y6a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0yktro.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/726lmj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ege1m2.jpg)
+
+The red sandstone wall of the Moon-Watching Tower (Wangyue Lou) was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, and the top was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l6bee7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4b9k7v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wuobbh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9p92xq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f50i5r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aggfv2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pznlha.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/39607t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zkzffr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lxm8ko.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lvhmhu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z28zw9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b75edr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xr3d2j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jg6f3e.jpg)
+
+The Cemetery of the Worthies (Xianxian Mu) in Guangzhou in June 1941.
+
+The ancient Cemetery of the Worthies is commonly known as the Hui Muslim Grave, the Great Man's Grave, or the Echoing Grave, and it has been a burial ground for Muslims in Guangzhou since the Tang Dynasty. The earliest record of the ancient Cemetery of the Worthies comes from the 1206 (the second year of the Kaixi era of the Southern Song) book "One Hundred Poems of the South Sea" by Fang Xinru: The foreign graves are ten miles west of the city, with thousands of mounds, all facing west with their heads to the south. The whale-like waves barely spare those they swallow, yet even a dying fox turns its head toward its home hill. My eyes strain across thirty thousand miles of vastness, and though a thousand pieces of gold are here, this life is already over.
+
+The heart of the Ancient Sages' Tomb is the burial site of Wangesu, an Islamic sage who legend says came to China during the Tang Dynasty to spread his faith. Wangesu is known as Saheb Saad Wakkas. Most historical records about his tomb date from the Ming and Qing dynasties. Sources for his arrival time vary: the Qing-era Guangzhou Prefecture Gazetteer says 629 (the third year of the Tang Zhenguan era), the Qing-era Tianfang Zhengxue says 632 (the sixth year of the Tang Zhenguan era), and the Qing-era stele record for the renovation of the Sage Saierde tomb even suggests he arrived during the Sui Dynasty. Regarding his identity, he is variously described as an uncle, cousin, general, or envoy of the Prophet Muhammad.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iy85p5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1yze54.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eeil46.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lq4g3s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qbgtcd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6nvymw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9mdaal.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pt5clx.jpg)
+
+**The Huihui people of Sanya**
+
+The Huihui people are a Muslim group living in Huihui Village and Huixin Village in Sanya, Hainan, with a population of nearly ten thousand. The Huihui language they speak belongs to the Austronesian language family and shares the same origin as the Chamic languages of southern Vietnam. The customs of the Huihui people are strongly influenced by local Hainan groups, yet they maintain a devout Islamic faith, making them a very unique group on China's southeast coast.
+
+Starting in the 10th century, the Champa kingdom in southern Vietnam fought wars with Dai Viet, Chenla (Cambodia), and the Yuan Dynasty, causing many Arab and Persian merchants in Champa to sail across the sea to Hainan. The History of Song: Champa records that as early as 986, a Champa man named Pu Luo'e led over a hundred of his people to Danzhou, Hainan, to seek refuge.
+
+During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Muslims living in places like Yazhou, Wanzhou, and Qiongshan in Hainan gradually moved to Suosanya Lifan Village (now Huixin Village in Sanya). During the Qing Dynasty, Muslim communities across Hainan underwent assimilation into Han, Li, or Dan cultures, leaving Suosanya Lifan Village as the only remaining Muslim community in Hainan, which eventually formed the modern Huihui people.
+
+Some Huihui people also came from the mainland. The ancestors of the Ha family among the Huihui came from Shaanxi, later moving their whole family to Dadan Port in Yazhou, Hainan, before relocating to Suosanya Lifan Village with another group of Hui Muslims surnamed Liu during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
+
+**A mosque of the Huihui people in June 1941**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uhh5c2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uibzhu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fytui4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a5o3uu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a7wcx9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/68z6wd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ixg9n3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j3uvv9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lxg4oa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0c0zjw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yhzdto.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2cmgy4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d13s0n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mr2136.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gwo68g.jpg)
+
+**A cemetery of the Huihui people**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/krr9h7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g4z6uk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mrdpns.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fhm6k5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1taghl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hpy962.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gw89xo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m87us4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uyhj2f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9qvqn9.jpg)
+
+**A wooden casket (tabu) used for transporting a body for burial**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mc4kml.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Old_Photos_of_Hui_Muslims_in_Northern_China__Mosques__Cities_and_Community_Life.md b/content/Old_Photos_of_Hui_Muslims_in_Northern_China__Mosques__Cities_and_Community_Life.md
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b56b42a6d7c3297edd5983490e4783827688d7cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Old_Photos_of_Hui_Muslims_in_Northern_China__Mosques__Cities_and_Community_Life.md
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+---
+title: "Old Photos of Hui Muslims in Northern China: Mosques, Cities and Community Life"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2014"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2014"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:56Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "e77ef692a484a4e5a6ce99414da513ccf0708a739ace4c65a65e9adf3b252ec1"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Old Photos of Hui Muslims in Northern China: Mosques, Cities and Community Life
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Old Photos of Hui Muslims in Northern China: Mosques, Cities and Community Life is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: Waseda University Library holds a large collection of old photos from the Greater Japan Muslim Association (Dai-Nippon Kaikyo Kyokai, or DNKK). The account keeps its focus on Hui Muslims, Old Photos, China Mosques while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+Waseda University Library holds a large collection of old photos from the Greater Japan Muslim Association (Dai-Nippon Kaikyo Kyokai, or DNKK). The DNKK was a wartime Japanese research organization for Islam. It started in 1938 and closed in 1945. They traveled to China and took many old photos of Hui Muslims. You can view them all online now.
+
+Address: https://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kotenseki/ga_Islam/Islam_bunko_list.pdf
+
+**Hohhot.**
+
+The Great Mosque (Qingzhen Dasi) of Hohhot, photographed in September 1940.
+
+The Great Mosque of Hohhot was first built between the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. It was expanded in 1789 (the 54th year of the Qianlong reign) and again in 1923.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hh3l4v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xwr1tz.jpg)
+
+**Datong**
+
+The Datong Mosque in September 1940.
+
+The History of Yuan (Yuan Shi, Annals of Emperor Taiding, Part 1) records that in 1324 (the first year of the Yuan Taiding reign), the emperor ordered the construction of mosques in Shangdu and Datong Road, granting 40,000 ingots of paper money. This makes the Datong Mosque one of only two mosques recorded as being built by imperial decree during the Yuan Dynasty. However, the Yuan Dynasty Datong Mosque was completely destroyed during the wars at the end of the Yuan period. The current mosque was rebuilt inside the Datong city walls during the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty. The main gate of the mosque was rebuilt in 1936 and features a typical Republic of China era style.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9nkzhi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/daxhr8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t8afs7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dc0s8n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9mos7o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m1ynaq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8fgr9w.jpg)
+
+**Zhangjiakou.**
+
+The Xiguan Mosque in Zhangjiakou in September 1940. It had plaques reading 'Recognize the Truth' (renshi yizhen) and 'Principles Thoroughly Understood' (xingli guanche). The current plaques are all new.
+
+The Xiguan Mosque was built during the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty (1723-1735) with funds raised by Hui Muslim families named Xiao, Zheng, Song, and Wang, who had lived in the Xiabao area of Zhangjiakou since the Ming and Qing dynasties.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rd7ng2.jpg)
+
+**An old halal mutton shop in Zhangjiakou during the 1930s.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/my0d2l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xn3fih.jpg)
+
+**An exhibit board about Hui Muslims in Zhangjiakou, drawn by the Japanese.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7qex4h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/afwvs1.jpg)
+
+**Baotou**
+
+The Baotou Mosque in September 1940.
+
+The Great Mosque of Baotou was first built in 1743. It was expanded in 1809, had a porch and gate added in 1833, and was expanded several times during the Republic of China era.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ikpony.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vswecm.jpg)
+
+**Harbin**
+
+The Tatar Mosque in Harbin during the 1930s.
+
+The Tatar Mosque was first built in 1906 and rebuilt in 1923. The designer was Yu. P. Zhdanov.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5ldk9u.jpg)
+
+The Tatar Mosque in Harbin in September 1940.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yff568.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/obuneq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e5y97j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lf81qo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cwpgj1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ky6w15.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g3mc7n.jpg)
+
+Daowai Mosque in Harbin, September 1940.
+
+Daowai Mosque was originally called Harbin East Mosque or Binjiang Mosque. It was first built in 1897. In 1935, at the suggestion of Imam Ma Songting, the head of the mosque, Bai Yusheng, raised funds to move the site and build a main prayer hall featuring Roman columns and Russian-style architecture.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7lc7v3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4pycpi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eth69u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4patyi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3084qc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jgz522.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ji2kzf.jpg)
+
+**Harbin Mosque in the 1930s.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v18rxq.jpg)
+
+**Shenyang.**
+
+**Mosques in Shenyang and Dalian in the 1930s.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a8kgtp.jpg)
+
+Fengtian Mosque in September 1940. I am not sure which mosque this is; it does not look like the Shenyang South Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kf68mp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/os7i6v.jpg)
+
+**Fengtian Women's Mosque in September 1940.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ecr1u4.jpg)
+
+**Changchun.**
+
+Changtong Road Mosque in Changchun, June 1941. Changtong Road Mosque was first built in 1824 and expanded several times in 1852, 1864, and 1889.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9whoi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9xtbap.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wk76ai.jpg)
+
+**Kaiyuan.**
+
+Kaiyuan Mosque in the 1930s. Kaiyuan Old City Mosque is located inside the east gate of Kaiyuan Old City. It was first built in 1406 (the fourth year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty) and is the oldest mosque in Northeast China.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t83f9r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/354z2f.jpg)
+
+**Siping.**
+
+**Siping Mosque in September 1940.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3tj4nk.jpg)
+
+**Other regions.**
+
+A pulpit (minbar), location unknown.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dwykm5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zamb14.jpg)
+
+A mosque, location unknown.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b5zifa.jpg)
+
+Writing calligraphy, June 1941.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/232jfq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/th8m0y.jpg)
+
+**A scripture book.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mbqsw3.jpg)
+
+**A mosque in the 1930s.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m1t40g.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Quanzhou_Muslim_Heritage__The_Ding_Hui_Muslims_of_Chendai.md b/content/Quanzhou_Muslim_Heritage__The_Ding_Hui_Muslims_of_Chendai.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8903e2c7415abbdcd1587507ac94e47770ee09f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Quanzhou_Muslim_Heritage__The_Ding_Hui_Muslims_of_Chendai.md
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+---
+title: "Quanzhou Muslim Heritage: The Ding Hui Muslims of Chendai"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1875"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1875"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:46Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "639a8dcaad2bd88da9d340252796b4fca13d0fa608eec5e507224c14a9d897f1"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Quanzhou Muslim Heritage: The Ding Hui Muslims of Chendai
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Quanzhou Muslim Heritage: The Ding Hui Muslims of Chendai. The Ding family of Chendai is a branch of Hui Muslims living in Chendai Town, Jinjiang, south of Quanzhou city. It is useful for readers interested in Quanzhou Muslims, Hui Muslims, Islamic History.
+
+The Ding family of Chendai is a branch of Hui Muslims living in Chendai Town, Jinjiang, south of Quanzhou city. They arrived in Quanzhou during the Yuan Dynasty, and between the end of the Yuan and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, they moved to Chendai, abandoned commerce for farming, and during the mid-Ming Dynasty, they abandoned their Islamic faith through 'clan-building' and 'imperial examination-oriented' processes; today, most follow the traditional religions of the Minnan region. After the Republic of China era, a small number of the Chendai Ding family returned to the Islamic faith and, after the 1980s, established a mosque and an Islamic association.
+
+Today, one can still see traces left by the Chendai Ding family from various historical periods in Quanzhou. Next to the Lingshan Holy Tomb in the east of Quanzhou city, one can see several traditional Islamic tombstones of the Chendai Ding family from the early Ming Dynasty, which still bear Quranic verses from exactly 600 years ago. In Chendai Town, one can see a series of ancestral halls and ancestral homes built by the Ding family since the Ming and Qing dynasties, which are symbols of the clan-building of the Chendai Ding family. In addition, next to the Ding family ancestral hall is the Chendai Mosque, built in 1990, which is a testament to the small number of Chendai Ding family members who have returned to the Islamic faith since the Republic of China era.
+
+**Table of Contents**
+
+**I. Two Hundred Years of Islam — The Ding Family Cemetery**
+
+**1. Joint tomb of the first, second, and third generations**
+
+**2. Tomb of the fourth generation Ding Shan and his wife Zhuang Xiniang**
+
+**3. Tomb of the fifth generation Ding Mabao and his wives, Pu and Wang**
+
+**4. Tombs of the fifth generation Ding Guanbao, sixth generation Ding Kuan, and sixth generation Ding Min**
+
+**5. Tomb of the fifth generation Ding Fubao and his wife Shi Dingniang**
+
+**6. Tomb of the seventh generation Ding Lun and his wife Zhuang**
+
+**II. Gradual Change to Conform to Rites — The Ding Family Ancestral Halls**
+
+**1. The Ding Family Grand Ancestral Hall**
+
+**2. Yizhai Ding Gong Ancestral Hall**
+
+**3. Fenxi Ding Gong Ancestral Residence**
+
+**4. Ding Yanzhong's Jinshi Residence**
+
+**III. The Reappearance of Islam — Chendai Mosque**
+
+**I. Two Hundred Years of Islam — The Ding Family Cemetery**
+
+According to the genealogy, the first ancestor of the Chendai Ding family, Ding Jin (1251-1298), was originally from Suzhou and settled in Quanzhou due to trade. By the time of the third ancestor, Ding Kui (1298-1379), he brought the fourth ancestor, Ding Shan (1343-1420), from Quanzhou city to Chendai, more than twenty li (a unit of distance) south of the city, but the third ancestor traveled between Suzhou and Quanzhou for trade for a long time and did not settle down until the early Ming Dynasty, when the fourth ancestor truly settled in Chendai.
+
+There are many reasons for the Ding family's move to Chendai, the main one being that the Quanzhou port declined at the end of the Yuan and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, trade was cut off, and the Ding family had no business to conduct, so they chose to abandon commerce for farming, coming to Chendai for tidal flat work and rice cultivation.
+
+The Islamic faith of the Chendai Ding family was maintained for ten generations, spanning more than two hundred years from the 13th to the 16th century. The tenth generation Ding Yanxia, born around 1517, recorded in his 'Zujiao Shuo' (Discourse on Ancestral Religion) the Islamic customs he experienced in his childhood in great detail. However, according to calculations, by the eighth to ninth generations, the Chendai Ding family no longer valued scripture education:
+
+'The shroud is not layered, the coffin is not made of wood, and burial does not exceed three days. The mound is like a horse's mane and shallow, mourning clothes are made of cotton, no ancestral tablets are set up for worship, and no offerings are arranged. For prayer times, at sunset, they gather and face west to pray to Allah. They fast once a year, eating when they see the stars in the morning and evening, and remaining hungry throughout the day. They offer only incense and flowers to the divine, do not set up wine or fruit, and do not burn paper offerings. They recite the pure scriptures, imitating the transmitted foreign sounds, without understanding the meaning, nor seeking to understand it, and use them for both auspicious and inauspicious occasions. Animals must be slaughtered by their own butchers before being eaten, and pork is not consumed. They bathe constantly, for they dare not approach the divine otherwise. They prefer cotton clothing over silk, generally valuing brightness and cleanliness. This is what I, Xia, saw in my youth. ”
+
+The existing Islamic relics of the Chendai Ding family are the several Ming Dynasty Islamic tombstones within the Lingshan Holy Tomb.
+
+**1. Joint tomb of the first, second, and third generations**
+
+Before the Ding family established their base in Chendai, the first, second, and third generations were all buried at Lingshan, east of Quanzhou city. Lingshan was the main burial area for Muslims in Quanzhou during the Song and Yuan dynasties, built in 1162 by the Song Dynasty Arab merchant Shi Nawei. It was called the 'Foreign Merchant Tomb' during the Song and Yuan dynasties.
+
+After the fourth generation Ding Shan established the base in Chendai, he entrusted the ancestral tombs to others for management. Later, the son of the second manager, Xu Fen, named Xu Fu, continuously encroached on the ancestral tomb land, and the Ding family endured it in silence. It was not until 18 years later, in 1505, that the eighth generation Ding Yi passed the imperial examination and became a Jinshi, and after returning to his hometown, he filed a lawsuit and finally reclaimed the ancestral tomb land.
+
+During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, the descendants of the Ding family buried the first, second, and third generation ancestors together. In 1993, due to the need for road construction, a large number of Chendai Ding family tombstones were moved from outside the East Gate of Quanzhou, Luyuan, and other places to the Lingshan Holy Tomb; the current joint tomb of the first, second, and third generations was also rebuilt during this period. The tombstones and monuments seen now are not the originals. The Chendai Ding family has legends from the Ming Dynasty that their ancestor was the Yuan Dynasty politician Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din, so the cemetery is inscribed with words stating they are descendants of a saint.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i5v66v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zsgyqw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y5l70b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/amytel.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oi17bq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e27aws.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1dnn73.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qxn1n9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ujeirp.jpg)
+
+**2. Tomb of the fourth generation Ding Shan and his wife Zhuang Xiniang**
+
+Ding Shan (1343-1420), courtesy name Yanren, pseudonym Ren'an, followed his father from Quanzhou to Chendai at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and officially established the base in Chendai at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, founding the Chendai Ding clan. His wife, Zhuang Xiniang, courtesy name Runxiu, was the sixth-generation granddaughter of Zhuang Xia, who was enfeoffed as a founding baron and junior preceptor in the Southern Song Dynasty. The Zhuang family was prominent in the late Southern Song Dynasty but gradually declined after the Yuan Dynasty, and their relatives left Quanzhou one after another; only Zhuang Xiniang's father still lived in the Zhuang mansion south of the city. At that time, the Ding family and the Zhuang family were neighbors, so they became husband and wife, and shortly after the marriage, Ding Shan and his father moved to Chendai. The Ding family's move to Chendai was likely related to Zhuang Xiniang, because near Chendai at that time was Qingyang, where the Zhuang clan lived, a powerful clan known as the 'Qingyang Zhuang family'.
+
+Ding Shan and Zhuang Xiniang were originally buried in Luyuan, east of Quanzhou city; 'Luyuan' means 'Paradise', which is the 'Garden' (Jannah) in the Quran. The tomb is a traditional Islamic chlorite tomb, with two sumeru-pedestal style five-layer tombstones placed on a sumeru-pedestal altar platform. The first layer of the tombstone has six gnomon feet, carved with ruyi (auspicious) patterns; The second layer is carved with continuous scrolling patterns; The third layer is carved with overlapping lotus patterns; The fourth layer is carved with Quranic verses; The fifth layer is a curved arch-shaped tombstone top. Behind the tombstone is a monument erected in 1910.
+
+The verses on the tombstone are from the Quran, Chapter 2, Verse 255.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dqfiaa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2hirml.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zj6i7b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xh0pgd.jpg)
+
+**3. Tomb of the fifth generation Ding Mabao and his wives, Pu and Wang**
+
+Ding Mabao (1366-1431), courtesy name Shilong, pseudonym Yi'an, was the eldest son of the fourth generation Ding Shan who established the base in Chendai, and the founding ancestor of the main branch of the Chendai Ding family; he was originally buried with his two wives in the Chengui Baoxue (a geomantically auspicious site) on Daping Mountain, east of Quanzhou city.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jogf6b.jpg)
+
+**4. Tombs of the fifth generation Ding Guanbao, sixth generation Ding Kuan, and sixth generation Ding Min**
+
+Ding Guanbao (1369-1436), courtesy name Shifu, pseudonym Chengzhai, was the second son of Ding Shan and the founding ancestor of the second main branch of the Chendai Ding family. He was originally buried at the foot of Shuiuniulin, east of Quanzhou city.
+
+Ding Kuan (1395-1446), courtesy name Tingyu, pseudonym Longyin, was the second son of Ding Guanbao and was originally buried to the left of Ding Shan's tomb in Luyuan Mountain.
+
+Ding Min (1407-1456), courtesy name Tingxue, pseudonym Yizhai, was the fourth son of Ding Guanbao and was originally buried at the foot of Shuiuniulin, east of Quanzhou city. Ding Min was the earliest local worthy among the Chendai Ding family to promote literary education.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2m56jz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hhors6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ygzlwo.jpg)
+
+**5. Tomb of the fifth generation Ding Fubao and his wife Shi Dingniang**
+
+Ding Fubao (1375-1432), courtesy name Shizhang, pseudonym Yingjie, was the third son of Ding Shan and the founding ancestor of the third main branch of the Chendai Ding family, buried at Lingshan, east of Quanzhou city. The tomb consists of two sumeru-pedestal stone tombs placed on a traditional Islamic sumeru-pedestal altar platform, with swastikas and double lions playing with a pearl carved on the waist of the platform.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wzt14g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vxco1a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bp6mxj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s7s1y2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z9md7g.jpg)
+
+**6. Tomb of the seventh generation Ding Lun and his wife Zhuang**
+
+Ding Lun (1442-1485), courtesy name Zhaorui, was the third son of the sixth generation Ding Xin.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vlgvt1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/um360n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mti0dd.jpg)
+
+For information on the Ming Dynasty Islamic tombstones of the Chendai Ding family, see 'Quanzhou Religious Stone Carvings'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/okm3dn.jpg)
+
+**II. Gradual Change to Conform to Rites — The Ding Family Ancestral Halls**
+
+By the mid-16th century, the religious customs of the Chendai Ding family had undergone significant changes; Ding Yanxia recorded in 'Zujiao Shuo':
+
+'Later, shrouds were layered, coffins were made of wood, and burials were delayed. Mourning clothes were half cotton, ancestral tablets were set up, mounds were large, offerings were arranged, animals were fat, and prayers to Allah were rare. Fasting disappeared, and animals did not have to be slaughtered by their own butchers. Clothing was made of silk, bathing was not required for approaching the divine, wine and fruit were set out, and cotton and silk were burned for other gods, though not for ancestors. The offering of incense and flowers remained as before. ”
+
+Finally, by the late 16th century, the Chendai Ding family had completely abandoned Islam; 'Zujiao Shuo' records:
+
+'Now, when worshipping ancestors, some burn cotton and silk, animals do not have to be slaughtered by their own butchers, mourning clothes are all made of hemp without cotton, burials are delayed for more than ten years, Taoist priests and Buddhist monks are used for auspicious and inauspicious occasions, and pork is eaten. ”
+
+According to folklore, the Chendai Ding family began eating pork in 1592 when the eleventh generation Ding Qijun, who became a Jinshi, was gifted food by the Wanli Emperor. However, the statement by the twelfth generation Ding Qing in 'Jiyi Jiyan' (Records of Sacrificial Rites) in 1698 is more credible:
+
+'Fenxi Gong (Ding Yi) was the first to enter the official ranks, and he worshipped his ancestors according to the rites of a high official, not daring to violate the Islamic faith. But the three generations of Huai Gong (Ding Zishen), Wuting Gong (Ding Rijn), and Zhechu Gong (Ding Qijun) all passed the imperial examinations, and the family's reputation grew, while the Islamic faith almost ceased. ”
+
+The Chendai Ding family began their official careers starting with the eighth generation Ding Yi, and by the tenth generation, 20 people had become Jinshi; these people used Confucian ethics and principles as their standard everywhere, which had an important impact on the Chendai Ding family and accelerated the dissolution of the Islamic faith. This is what Ding Yanxia referred to as 'gradually conforming to the rites', living according to Confucian behavioral standards. Wang Ke's book 'The Vanishing "Nationals"' provides an in-depth discussion of the 'clan-building' and 'imperial examination-oriented' processes of the Chendai Ding family; interested friends can take a look.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/squl5f.jpg)
+
+**1. The Ding Family Grand Ancestral Hall**
+
+The most important sign of the Chendai Ding family's departure from Islam was the reconstruction of the Ding family ancestral hall in 1561. The early Ding family ancestral hall is presumed to have been built in the early 15th century, was destroyed by war in 1561, was rebuilt shortly after under the leadership of Ding Yi and Ding Zishen, and was rebuilt and expanded again by Ding Rijn in 1599 to its current scale.
+
+The ancestral hall enshrines the spirit tablets of the first to fifth generation ancestors and ancestors who held titles and merits, but initially, there were no spirit tablets; instead, there were small wooden screens handwritten by the eighth generation Ding Yi (1472-1521) listing the first to fourth generation ancestors.
+
+In 1561, the Ding family ancestral hall was destroyed due to 'Japanese pirate disturbances', and in 1562, Ding Yanxia initiated the formulation of the 'Sacrificial Covenant', which officially determined the way the Chendai Ding family worshipped their ancestors. The 'Sacrificial Covenant' mentions 'kneeling in order to offer incense, bowing four times to the spirits, and kneeling to offer wine', which was already completely in line with traditional Chinese customs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y84agb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cuaiaj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y4ahq6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1ss0rw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k9hw59.jpg)
+
+In addition to the Grand Ancestral Hall, the Chendai Ding family has many small ancestral halls and ancestral homes for worshipping ancestors. The 6 small ancestral halls are the 'Yi'an Ding Gong Ancestral Hall' for the fifth generation Ding Mabao, the 'Zhongzhai Ding Family Ancestral Hall' for the sixth generation Ding Xin, the 'Yizhai Ding Gong Ancestral Hall' for the sixth generation Ding Min, the 'Dunpu Ding Gong Ancestral Hall' for the seventh generation Ding Chang, the 'Gusu Ding Gong Ancestral Hall' for the eighth generation Ding Gui, and the 'Daozhen Ding Gong Ancestral Hall' for the twelfth generation Ding Shibo. The establishment of small ancestral halls is usually for the prosperity of the descendants of a specific branch, built to bring honor to the ancestors.
+
+Below the small ancestral halls are ancestral homes, which enshrine the ancestors of the branch and their descendants, formed as descendants multiplied and families branched out; there are about 200 of them.
+
+**2.**
+
+**Yizhai Ding Gong Ancestral Hall**
+
+The sixth generation Ding Min (1407-1456), courtesy name Tingxue, pseudonym Yizhai, was the earliest local worthy among the Chendai Ding family to promote literary education.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pk3plq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ujgca5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lmtjtv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f1y6hs.jpg)
+
+**3. Fenxi Ding Gong Ancestral Residence**
+
+The eighth generation Ding Yi (1472-1521), courtesy name Wenfan, pseudonym Fenxi, passed the Jinshi examination in 1505 and was the first person from the Chendai Ding family to enter an official career, serving as an inspector in the Sichuan Surveillance Commission. At the same time, Ding Yi was also a famous poet of the mid-Ming Dynasty, with his 'Gui Nang Yi Gao' (Posthumous Manuscripts of the Returning Bag) circulating.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f237ul.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ycpcy9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5bdeo0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ephuaq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/022svf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l7drnb.jpg)
+
+**4. Ding Yanzhong's Jinshi Residence**
+
+The tenth generation Ding Yanzhong passed the military Jinshi examinations in 1582 and 1583 and served as the commander-in-chief of Guangxi Prefecture.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oaaid9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gqalrl.jpg)
+
+**III. The Reappearance of Islam — Chendai Mosque**
+
+In the early 1920s, the famous Hui Muslim Tang Kesan, while serving as the Superintendent of the Xiamen Customs, paid great attention to the religious affairs in Quanzhou, and on the eve of the War of Resistance, he recommended his fellow townsman Zhang Guangyu to preside over religious work in the Quanzhou area. After Zhang Guangyu arrived in Quanzhou, he earnestly carried out religious affairs, and the religious life in Chendai began to reappear.
+
+In 1939, the 'China Islamic National Salvation Association Chendai Branch' was established in Chendai, and some Chendai Ding family members often went to the Qingjing Mosque in Quanzhou for Jumu'ah (Friday congregational prayer); later, they converted the 'Wenchang Mosque' in Sijing Village into a mosque and hired an Ahong (Imam) from Quanzhou to preside over religious affairs.
+
+Between 1937 and 1944, the most famous modern Islamic school during the Republic of China, the Chengda Normal School, moved south to Guilin, and the founders Tang Kesan and Ma Songting successively accepted 17 young people from the Chendai Ding family to study there.
+
+In the late 1950s, all Islamic activities in Chendai were forced to stop, and Ding Jinshun, a graduate of Chengda Normal School, was criticized and struggled against for mentioning in class that he was a Hui Muslim.
+
+In 1983, Ding Jinshun and Ding Jinhe, graduates of Chengda Normal School, attended the founding meeting of the Fujian Islamic Association. After this, Chengda Normal School graduates Ding Jinshun, Ding Jinhe, Ding Jinke, and Ding Jinhong, along with more than twenty other people enthusiastic about the faith, established the 'Chendai Islamic Association Group' and began to restore religious life. They borrowed the second-floor conference room of the Chendai Hui Muslim Affairs Committee and the back hall of the Ding family ancestral hall for Jumu'ah prayers, with Ding Jinshun serving as the Imam. During Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, they invited their former Chengda Normal School classmates who were now serving as Ahongs in Guilin, as well as Ahongs from Jiaxing, Zhejiang, to preside over the congregational prayers.
+
+After the Chendai Islamic Association Group was established, they began preparing to build a mosque. They issued a 'Letter to Fellow Muslims Nationwide' to the national Islamic association, but only a few mosques in Ankang, Shaanxi, and Yunnan sent a few hundred yuan in funds. After this, former Chengda Normal School classmates in Hong Kong forwarded the 'Letter to Ding Family Relatives and Fellow Countrymen' to the Chendai Ding family in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and overseas, and received 70,000 yuan in donations from the 'Five Surnames Islamic Association (originating from the Jin, Ding, Ma, Bai, and Guo Hui Muslim families of Quanzhou) of Filipinos' in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, and the Philippines.
+
+In 1991, the Chendai Mosque was completed, opened officially in 1993, and the Jinjiang Islamic Association was immediately established. The Chendai Ding family hired Ahong Ma Zhiwei from Inner Mongolia as the first head of the mosque, and Ding Jinke and Ding Jinshun served as the first director of the mosque management committee and the director of the Islamic association, respectively.
+
+After the 1990s, the Chendai Ding family selected nearly 60 young people to study Islam at home and abroad, some of whom went to Arabic language schools in mosques in Inner Mongolia.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/33fd1k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5lfy91.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8495gj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b1b0bs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jha332.jpg)
+
+**Tomb of the twenty-second generation Ding Jinke**
+
+Ding Jinke (1923-1997), religious name Yunus, studied at the Guangxi Chengda Normal School and the Hong Kong Dade College. He participated in the revolution during the War of Liberation and later worked in the Financial Committee of the State Council and in colleges and universities in Beijing and Xinjiang. After retiring and returning to his hometown in 1983, he participated in the construction of the Chendai Mosque and the formation of the Jinjiang Islamic Association, serving as the executive deputy director of the Jinjiang Islamic Association, and later cultivated dozens of Chendai Ding family youths to go to Islamic colleges at home and abroad for further studies.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ili8jn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g3ik2f.jpg)
+
+For research on the Chendai Ding family, see the book 'Research on the History of the Chendai Hui Muslims'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j36mwr.jpg)
+
+**Finally, here are some Chendai Ding family residences.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4242us.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dt7hk2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y25yz7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2j4zcg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uf0v66.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zqeyx2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/50s1af.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dvy5r3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g37vx2.jpg)
+
+The unique Minnan wall-building method of 'using bricks and stones'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/newymj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0z74un.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ligga6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5ea62b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tcu3hj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1wmv3u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/14wv4g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/awhc32.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Quanzhou_Muslim_Heritage__The_Ding_Hui_Muslims_of_Chendai__Part_1.md b/content/Quanzhou_Muslim_Heritage__The_Ding_Hui_Muslims_of_Chendai__Part_1.md
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..621b21805b6a9eb258426de9304d4d134839261b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Quanzhou_Muslim_Heritage__The_Ding_Hui_Muslims_of_Chendai__Part_1.md
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+---
+title: "Quanzhou Muslim Heritage: The Ding Hui Muslims of Chendai (Part 1)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1876"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1876"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:47Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "6a22ebe63154f428e3e7cf4fcf42648e3c6d6ce986b1d7deff5db13c34835982"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Quanzhou Muslim Heritage: The Ding Hui Muslims of Chendai (Part 1)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This is Part 1 of Quanzhou Muslim Heritage: The Ding Hui Muslims of Chendai. It preserves the original travel notes and historical details, with images kept in their original order. It is useful for readers interested in Quanzhou Muslims, Hui Muslims, Islamic History.
+
+The Ding family of Chendai is a branch of Hui Muslims living in Chendai Town, Jinjiang, south of Quanzhou city. They arrived in Quanzhou during the Yuan Dynasty, and between the end of the Yuan and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, they moved to Chendai, abandoned commerce for farming, and during the mid-Ming Dynasty, they abandoned their Islamic faith through 'clan-building' and 'imperial examination-oriented' processes; today, most follow the traditional religions of the Minnan region. After the Republic of China era, a small number of the Chendai Ding family returned to the Islamic faith and, after the 1980s, established a mosque and an Islamic association.
+
+Today, one can still see traces left by the Chendai Ding family from various historical periods in Quanzhou. Next to the Lingshan Holy Tomb in the east of Quanzhou city, one can see several traditional Islamic tombstones of the Chendai Ding family from the early Ming Dynasty, which still bear Quranic verses from exactly 600 years ago. In Chendai Town, one can see a series of ancestral halls and ancestral homes built by the Ding family since the Ming and Qing dynasties, which are symbols of the clan-building of the Chendai Ding family. In addition, next to the Ding family ancestral hall is the Chendai Mosque, built in 1990, which is a testament to the small number of Chendai Ding family members who have returned to the Islamic faith since the Republic of China era.
+
+**Table of Contents**
+
+**I. Two Hundred Years of Islam — The Ding Family Cemetery**
+
+**1. Joint tomb of the first, second, and third generations**
+
+**2. Tomb of the fourth generation Ding Shan and his wife Zhuang Xiniang**
+
+**3. Tomb of the fifth generation Ding Mabao and his wives, Pu and Wang**
+
+**4. Tombs of the fifth generation Ding Guanbao, sixth generation Ding Kuan, and sixth generation Ding Min**
+
+**5. Tomb of the fifth generation Ding Fubao and his wife Shi Dingniang**
+
+**6. Tomb of the seventh generation Ding Lun and his wife Zhuang**
+
+**II. Gradual Change to Conform to Rites — The Ding Family Ancestral Halls**
+
+**1. The Ding Family Grand Ancestral Hall**
+
+**2. Yizhai Ding Gong Ancestral Hall**
+
+**3. Fenxi Ding Gong Ancestral Residence**
+
+**4. Ding Yanzhong's Jinshi Residence**
+
+**III. The Reappearance of Islam — Chendai Mosque**
+
+**I. Two Hundred Years of Islam — The Ding Family Cemetery**
+
+According to the genealogy, the first ancestor of the Chendai Ding family, Ding Jin (1251-1298), was originally from Suzhou and settled in Quanzhou due to trade. By the time of the third ancestor, Ding Kui (1298-1379), he brought the fourth ancestor, Ding Shan (1343-1420), from Quanzhou city to Chendai, more than twenty li (a unit of distance) south of the city, but the third ancestor traveled between Suzhou and Quanzhou for trade for a long time and did not settle down until the early Ming Dynasty, when the fourth ancestor truly settled in Chendai.
+
+There are many reasons for the Ding family's move to Chendai, the main one being that the Quanzhou port declined at the end of the Yuan and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, trade was cut off, and the Ding family had no business to conduct, so they chose to abandon commerce for farming, coming to Chendai for tidal flat work and rice cultivation.
+
+The Islamic faith of the Chendai Ding family was maintained for ten generations, spanning more than two hundred years from the 13th to the 16th century. The tenth generation Ding Yanxia, born around 1517, recorded in his 'Zujiao Shuo' (Discourse on Ancestral Religion) the Islamic customs he experienced in his childhood in great detail. However, according to calculations, by the eighth to ninth generations, the Chendai Ding family no longer valued scripture education:
+
+'The shroud is not layered, the coffin is not made of wood, and burial does not exceed three days. The mound is like a horse's mane and shallow, mourning clothes are made of cotton, no ancestral tablets are set up for worship, and no offerings are arranged. For prayer times, at sunset, they gather and face west to pray to Allah. They fast once a year, eating when they see the stars in the morning and evening, and remaining hungry throughout the day. They offer only incense and flowers to the divine, do not set up wine or fruit, and do not burn paper offerings. They recite the pure scriptures, imitating the transmitted foreign sounds, without understanding the meaning, nor seeking to understand it, and use them for both auspicious and inauspicious occasions. Animals must be slaughtered by their own butchers before being eaten, and pork is not consumed. They bathe constantly, for they dare not approach the divine otherwise. They prefer cotton clothing over silk, generally valuing brightness and cleanliness. This is what I, Xia, saw in my youth. ”
+
+The existing Islamic relics of the Chendai Ding family are the several Ming Dynasty Islamic tombstones within the Lingshan Holy Tomb.
+
+**1. Joint tomb of the first, second, and third generations**
+
+Before the Ding family established their base in Chendai, the first, second, and third generations were all buried at Lingshan, east of Quanzhou city. Lingshan was the main burial area for Muslims in Quanzhou during the Song and Yuan dynasties, built in 1162 by the Song Dynasty Arab merchant Shi Nawei. It was called the 'Foreign Merchant Tomb' during the Song and Yuan dynasties.
+
+After the fourth generation Ding Shan established the base in Chendai, he entrusted the ancestral tombs to others for management. Later, the son of the second manager, Xu Fen, named Xu Fu, continuously encroached on the ancestral tomb land, and the Ding family endured it in silence. It was not until 18 years later, in 1505, that the eighth generation Ding Yi passed the imperial examination and became a Jinshi, and after returning to his hometown, he filed a lawsuit and finally reclaimed the ancestral tomb land.
+
+During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, the descendants of the Ding family buried the first, second, and third generation ancestors together. In 1993, due to the need for road construction, a large number of Chendai Ding family tombstones were moved from outside the East Gate of Quanzhou, Luyuan, and other places to the Lingshan Holy Tomb; the current joint tomb of the first, second, and third generations was also rebuilt during this period. The tombstones and monuments seen now are not the originals. The Chendai Ding family has legends from the Ming Dynasty that their ancestor was the Yuan Dynasty politician Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din, so the cemetery is inscribed with words stating they are descendants of a saint.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i5v66v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zsgyqw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y5l70b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/amytel.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oi17bq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e27aws.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1dnn73.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qxn1n9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ujeirp.jpg)
+
+**2. Tomb of the fourth generation Ding Shan and his wife Zhuang Xiniang**
+
+Ding Shan (1343-1420), courtesy name Yanren, pseudonym Ren'an, followed his father from Quanzhou to Chendai at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and officially established the base in Chendai at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, founding the Chendai Ding clan. His wife, Zhuang Xiniang, courtesy name Runxiu, was the sixth-generation granddaughter of Zhuang Xia, who was enfeoffed as a founding baron and junior preceptor in the Southern Song Dynasty. The Zhuang family was prominent in the late Southern Song Dynasty but gradually declined after the Yuan Dynasty, and their relatives left Quanzhou one after another; only Zhuang Xiniang's father still lived in the Zhuang mansion south of the city. At that time, the Ding family and the Zhuang family were neighbors, so they became husband and wife, and shortly after the marriage, Ding Shan and his father moved to Chendai. The Ding family's move to Chendai was likely related to Zhuang Xiniang, because near Chendai at that time was Qingyang, where the Zhuang clan lived, a powerful clan known as the 'Qingyang Zhuang family'.
+
+Ding Shan and Zhuang Xiniang were originally buried in Luyuan, east of Quanzhou city; 'Luyuan' means 'Paradise', which is the 'Garden' (Jannah) in the Quran. The tomb is a traditional Islamic chlorite tomb, with two sumeru-pedestal style five-layer tombstones placed on a sumeru-pedestal altar platform. The first layer of the tombstone has six gnomon feet, carved with ruyi (auspicious) patterns; The second layer is carved with continuous scrolling patterns; The third layer is carved with overlapping lotus patterns; The fourth layer is carved with Quranic verses; The fifth layer is a curved arch-shaped tombstone top. Behind the tombstone is a monument erected in 1910.
+
+The verses on the tombstone are from the Quran, Chapter 2, Verse 255.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dqfiaa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2hirml.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zj6i7b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xh0pgd.jpg)
+
+**3. Tomb of the fifth generation Ding Mabao and his wives, Pu and Wang**
+
+Ding Mabao (1366-1431), courtesy name Shilong, pseudonym Yi'an, was the eldest son of the fourth generation Ding Shan who established the base in Chendai, and the founding ancestor of the main branch of the Chendai Ding family; he was originally buried with his two wives in the Chengui Baoxue (a geomantically auspicious site) on Daping Mountain, east of Quanzhou city.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jogf6b.jpg)
+
+**4. Tombs of the fifth generation Ding Guanbao, sixth generation Ding Kuan, and sixth generation Ding Min**
+
+Ding Guanbao (1369-1436), courtesy name Shifu, pseudonym Chengzhai, was the second son of Ding Shan and the founding ancestor of the second main branch of the Chendai Ding family. He was originally buried at the foot of Shuiuniulin, east of Quanzhou city.
+
+Ding Kuan (1395-1446), courtesy name Tingyu, pseudonym Longyin, was the second son of Ding Guanbao and was originally buried to the left of Ding Shan's tomb in Luyuan Mountain.
+
+Ding Min (1407-1456), courtesy name Tingxue, pseudonym Yizhai, was the fourth son of Ding Guanbao and was originally buried at the foot of Shuiuniulin, east of Quanzhou city. Ding Min was the earliest local worthy among the Chendai Ding family to promote literary education.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2m56jz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hhors6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ygzlwo.jpg)
+
+**5. Tomb of the fifth generation Ding Fubao and his wife Shi Dingniang**
+
+Ding Fubao (1375-1432), courtesy name Shizhang, pseudonym Yingjie, was the third son of Ding Shan and the founding ancestor of the third main branch of the Chendai Ding family, buried at Lingshan, east of Quanzhou city. The tomb consists of two sumeru-pedestal stone tombs placed on a traditional Islamic sumeru-pedestal altar platform, with swastikas and double lions playing with a pearl carved on the waist of the platform.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wzt14g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vxco1a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bp6mxj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s7s1y2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z9md7g.jpg)
+
+**6. Tomb of the seventh generation Ding Lun and his wife Zhuang**
+
+Ding Lun (1442-1485), courtesy name Zhaorui, was the third son of the sixth generation Ding Xin.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vlgvt1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/um360n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mti0dd.jpg)
+
+For information on the Ming Dynasty Islamic tombstones of the Chendai Ding family, see 'Quanzhou Religious Stone Carvings'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/okm3dn.jpg)
+
+**II. Gradual Change to Conform to Rites — The Ding Family Ancestral Halls**
+
+By the mid-16th century, the religious customs of the Chendai Ding family had undergone significant changes; Ding Yanxia recorded in 'Zujiao Shuo':
+
+'Later, shrouds were layered, coffins were made of wood, and burials were delayed. Mourning clothes were half cotton, ancestral tablets were set up, mounds were large, offerings were arranged, animals were fat, and prayers to Allah were rare. Fasting disappeared, and animals did not have to be slaughtered by their own butchers. Clothing was made of silk, bathing was not required for approaching the divine, wine and fruit were set out, and cotton and silk were burned for other gods, though not for ancestors. The offering of incense and flowers remained as before. ”
+
+Finally, by the late 16th century, the Chendai Ding family had completely abandoned Islam; 'Zujiao Shuo' records:
+
+'Now, when worshipping ancestors, some burn cotton and silk, animals do not have to be slaughtered by their own butchers, mourning clothes are all made of hemp without cotton, burials are delayed for more than ten years, Taoist priests and Buddhist monks are used for auspicious and inauspicious occasions, and pork is eaten. ”
+
+According to folklore, the Chendai Ding family began eating pork in 1592 when the eleventh generation Ding Qijun, who became a Jinshi, was gifted food by the Wanli Emperor. However, the statement by the twelfth generation Ding Qing in 'Jiyi Jiyan' (Records of Sacrificial Rites) in 1698 is more credible:
+
+'Fenxi Gong (Ding Yi) was the first to enter the official ranks, and he worshipped his ancestors according to the rites of a high official, not daring to violate the Islamic faith. But the three generations of Huai Gong (Ding Zishen), Wuting Gong (Ding Rijn), and Zhechu Gong (Ding Qijun) all passed the imperial examinations, and the family's reputation grew, while the Islamic faith almost ceased. ”
+
+The Chendai Ding family began their official careers starting with the eighth generation Ding Yi, and by the tenth generation, 20 people had become Jinshi; these people used Confucian ethics and principles as their standard everywhere, which had an important impact on the Chendai Ding family and accelerated the dissolution of the Islamic faith. This is what Ding Yanxia referred to as 'gradually conforming to the rites', living according to Confucian behavioral standards. Wang Ke's book 'The Vanishing "Nationals"' provides an in-depth discussion of the 'clan-building' and 'imperial examination-oriented' processes of the Chendai Ding family; interested friends can take a look.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/squl5f.jpg)
+
+**1. The Ding Family Grand Ancestral Hall**
+
+The most important sign of the Chendai Ding family's departure from Islam was the reconstruction of the Ding family ancestral hall in 1561. The early Ding family ancestral hall is presumed to have been built in the early 15th century, was destroyed by war in 1561, was rebuilt shortly after under the leadership of Ding Yi and Ding Zishen, and was rebuilt and expanded again by Ding Rijn in 1599 to its current scale.
+
+The ancestral hall enshrines the spirit tablets of the first to fifth generation ancestors and ancestors who held titles and merits, but initially, there were no spirit tablets; instead, there were small wooden screens handwritten by the eighth generation Ding Yi (1472-1521) listing the first to fourth generation ancestors.
+
+In 1561, the Ding family ancestral hall was destroyed due to 'Japanese pirate disturbances', and in 1562, Ding Yanxia initiated the formulation of the 'Sacrificial Covenant', which officially determined the way the Chendai Ding family worshipped their ancestors. The 'Sacrificial Covenant' mentions 'kneeling in order to offer incense, bowing four times to the spirits, and kneeling to offer wine', which was already completely in line with traditional Chinese customs.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y84agb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cuaiaj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y4ahq6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1ss0rw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k9hw59.jpg)
+
+In addition to the Grand Ancestral Hall, the Chendai Ding family has many small ancestral halls and ancestral homes for worshipping ancestors. The 6 small ancestral halls are the 'Yi'an Ding Gong Ancestral Hall' for the fifth generation Ding Mabao, the 'Zhongzhai Ding Family Ancestral Hall' for the sixth generation Ding Xin, the 'Yizhai Ding Gong Ancestral Hall' for the sixth generation Ding Min, the 'Dunpu Ding Gong Ancestral Hall' for the seventh generation Ding Chang, the 'Gusu Ding Gong Ancestral Hall' for the eighth generation Ding Gui, and the 'Daozhen Ding Gong Ancestral Hall' for the twelfth generation Ding Shibo. The establishment of small ancestral halls is usually for the prosperity of the descendants of a specific branch, built to bring honor to the ancestors.
+
+Below the small ancestral halls are ancestral homes, which enshrine the ancestors of the branch and their descendants, formed as descendants multiplied and families branched out; there are about 200 of them.
+
+**2.**
+
+**Yizhai Ding Gong Ancestral Hall**
+
+The sixth generation Ding Min (1407-1456), courtesy name Tingxue, pseudonym Yizhai, was the earliest local worthy among the Chendai Ding family to promote literary education.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pk3plq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ujgca5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lmtjtv.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Searching_for_Jiaochangkou_Mosque_Outside_Beijing_s_Fuchengmen.md b/content/Searching_for_Jiaochangkou_Mosque_Outside_Beijing_s_Fuchengmen.md
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+---
+title: "Searching for Jiaochangkou Mosque Outside Beijing's Fuchengmen"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1920"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1920"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:51Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "1b7fbf5667c9fc106d87138a3eff9d7dcbf0bd299ae7568029874381adde9f37"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Searching for Jiaochangkou Mosque Outside Beijing's Fuchengmen
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Searching for Jiaochangkou Mosque Outside Beijing's Fuchengmen. A friend told me that there is a stone tablet named "Record of the Fuchengmen Guan Mosque" in the mosque of Emperors of Successive Dynasties in Beijing, which is the only relic of the Fuchengmen Guan Mosque. It is useful for readers interested in Beijing Mosque, Hui Muslims, Muslim Heritage.
+
+A friend told me that there is a stone tablet named "Record of the Fuchengmen Guan Mosque" in the mosque of Emperors of Successive Dynasties in Beijing, which is the only relic of the Fuchengmen Guan Mosque. Upon hearing the news, I immediately went to the Temple of Emperors of Successive Dynasties to check it, but unfortunately, the inscription was blurred and unclear, and apart from the signature "39th Year of the Qianlong Reign of the Great Qing Dynasty," I could not identify any other information.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lfd59v.jpg)
+
+The top of the tablet reads "Gu Zhi Xian Xing" (Ancient System and Former Model), which is quite rare.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tabnv2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sre8uw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vmts44.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vveoj2.jpg)
+
+After returning home, I began to search for information about this mosque. Regrettably, the information about the Fuchengmen Guan Mosque is very limited, far less than that of the more famous Sanlihe Mosque outside Fuchengmen. The most valuable record comes from the "Draft of Beijing City Annals" written in the 1930s: "The Qingzhen Zhengyuan Mosque is located at No. 5 Jiaochangkou outside Fuchengmen. The mosque was built in the 39th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty. The cemeteries belonging to the Hui Muslims are generally located in the areas outside Fuchengmen and Xibianmen. The "39th year of the Qianlong reign" here is consistent with the signature on the tablet, which is 1774, so it is speculated that the tablet in the Mosque of Emperors of Successive Dynasties may have been written when the mosque was built.
+
+In addition, according to an advertisement for the throat medicine "Wanying San" (all-purpose powder) by the Hui Muslim Yang Youxin during the Republic of China period, the production site of Yang Youxin's Wanying San was located at "No. 3, Libaisi Hutong (Mosque Alley), Guanxiang, outside Fuchengmen." It is not yet clear what the positional relationship is between Libaisi Hutong and Jiaochangkou, but the mosque mentioned here definitely refers to the Fuchengmen Guan Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ih9bx.jpg)
+
+According to the data, we can know that the Fuchengmen Guan Mosque was located at Jiaochangkou, south of the Zhenghong Banner barracks outside Fuchengmen, so it is also called the Jiaochangkou Mosque. Jiaochangkou was originally a place for the soldiers of the Zhenghong Banner to drill, and after 1965, it was merged with the main road crossing the barracks on the north side, collectively known as Beiyingfang Middle Street. The location of the Fuchengmen Guan Mosque was in the middle section of Beiyingfang Middle Street, which is now the west wall of the Fuwai Hospital.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f4pvpm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i8psit.jpg)
+
+In addition, the 5th issue of "Yugong" magazine in 1937 mentioned that the Ahong (Imam) of the mosque at that time was named Ma Zirong. Another dost (friend/fellow Muslim) mentioned that an elder from the Beigouyan Mosque had studied the Quran at the Fuchengmen Guan Mosque when he was a child, and said that the Ahong at that time was surnamed Hong. Interestingly, after the Beigouyan Mosque was demolished and rebuilt in 1997, it was renamed Zhengyuan Mosque, which is exactly the name of the Fuchengmen Guan Mosque recorded in the "Draft of Beijing City Annals."
+
+If any dost knows more information about the Fuchengmen Guan Mosque, please leave a message on my official account, may you receive thawab (divine reward).
diff --git a/content/South_of_Kunming_Halal_Travel_Guide__Liren__Yuxi_Daying_and_Eshan_Dabaiyi__Part.md b/content/South_of_Kunming_Halal_Travel_Guide__Liren__Yuxi_Daying_and_Eshan_Dabaiyi__Part.md
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b66fb531896a0a3bc373b1aeaeff8932e512aeb
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@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+---
+title: "South of Kunming Halal Travel Guide: Liren, Yuxi Daying and Eshan Dabaiyi (Part 1)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1905"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1905"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:41Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "eb5b40072ae252141eab575785410fa47f59cfd48436e5d82b1e16a82097325e"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# South of Kunming Halal Travel Guide: Liren, Yuxi Daying and Eshan Dabaiyi (Part 1)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces South of Kunming Halal Travel Guide: Liren, Yuxi Daying and Eshan Dabaiyi (Part 1). Author: Zainab. It is useful for readers interested in Yunnan Travel, Hui Muslims, China Mosques.
+
+Author: Zainab
+
+From October 4th to 6th, our family rented a car from Kunming to travel to Yuxi, Tonghai, Jianshui, Shadian, Kaiyuan, and Mengzi. This first article covers our departure from Kunming and our visits to three Hui Muslim villages: Liren in Xishan, Daying in Yuxi, and Dabaiyi in Eshan.
+
+**I. Departure from Kunming**
+
+We flew from Xishuangbanna to Kunming on the afternoon of October 3rd, took the airport subway line to the terminal station at Tangzixiang, and after walking a few steps, we arrived at Zhenghe Beef Restaurant. The owner was incredibly welcoming, and the food was so delicious that my parents, who have lived in Urumqi for fifty or sixty years, couldn't stop praising it and immediately fell in love with Kunming.
+
+Some of their meat dishes were written on a board, but for vegetable dishes, we had to choose directly from the restaurant's classic display case. We ordered crispy red beans, stir-fried bitter greens, stir-fried piao mushrooms (a type of local fungus), mashed potatoes with mint (laonai yangyu), stir-fried meat with bean curd, and steamed beef with rice flour. The owner also gave us some meat broth on the house. It was the first time our whole family had eaten crispy red beans, and everyone loved them. The piao mushrooms had a texture like meat and were very fresh and delicious. Laonai yangyu is the Yunnan version of mashed potatoes; it tastes very savory. The bean curd is more tender than tofu and has a very mild flavor, so the meat mixed with it is seasoned relatively strongly. We all agreed that the best dish they made was the steamed beef with rice flour. They were very generous with the meat, unlike some shops that use so much starch you can't even taste the meat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bny6vx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mfxq5g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3qd81p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kv1qk0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dhk3k1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k1m47l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/grav3z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q94u4f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5fj1z5.jpg)
+
+On the morning of October 4th, we ate Dali ersi (rice noodles) and papaya water with rose jam and chilled shrimp at the entrance of the Yixi Gong Mosque in Kunming, beginning our three-day trip to Kunming, Yuxi, and Honghe.
+
+In the late 19th century, as the Hui Muslim caravans traveling through Kunming and Dali to Myanmar and Thailand flourished, Hui Muslims from western Yunnan, such as those from Weishan in Dali, began to settle in the Qingyun Street area of Kunming. In 1899 (the 25th year of the Guangxu reign), the Hui Muslims of western Yunnan in Kunming, together with the Xingshunhe firm established by Yuxi Hui Muslims, pooled their funds to build the Chongshan Gongsuo (Chongshan Public Office) at the east end of Qingyun Street. Afterward, Hui Muslims from Dali merged the Zhuiyuan Hall, Chengyi Hall, and Baozhen Hall with the Chongshan Gongsuo. In 1919, it was renamed Chongshan She (Chongshan Society) by order of Yunnan Provincial Governor Tang Jiyao, officially renamed Yixi Gong Mosque in 1942, and was known as the Kunming Overseas Chinese Mosque in 1951.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/petr7r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/py4xfp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lqgsna.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pgvakg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5zwxif.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uk9xwn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v88p0m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l0l34l.jpg)
+
+**II. Kunming Haikou Liren Mosque**
+
+After picking up our car at Kunming Station, our first stop was the Haikou Liren Mosque in the Xishan District of Kunming, 46 kilometers away from the station.
+
+Liren was originally called Heihuzhai, and it is said that Muslims have lived there since the Yuan Dynasty. Liren Mosque was first built in 1645 (the second year of the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty), destroyed in 1856 (the sixth year of the Xianfeng reign), rebuilt in 1872 (the second year of the Tongzhi reign), and expanded in 1896 (the 22nd year of the Guangxu reign) with funds raised by "Lady Yang the Third," a local heroine. It was newly designated as a cultural relic protection unit of Kunming in 2020.
+
+The main gate of the mosque also serves as a minaret, designed in the traditional Yunnan style: the lower part is a single-eave gate tower with a hip-and-gable roof, and the upper part is a hexagonal pavilion with a pointed roof, inside which hangs a bronze bell used for the call to prayer.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h18e5l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3vxbjs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aul5k1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/72db7h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pay47w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v86ecn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hxfp5v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pmm2bi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4tanrm.jpg)
+
+Inside the main prayer hall, there is an exquisite mihrab (niche indicating the direction of Mecca) featuring traditional Yunnan-style calligraphy, as well as a traditional-style minbar (pulpit) built in 1945, inscribed with "Qingzhen Shengyu Tai" (Pure and True Holy Preaching Platform) and dated "the 34th year of the Republic of China," which is very rare.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a28l9h.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o8v21o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d47hsl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e8wppj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/741s30.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qqz4gy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8pzawa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9a6gxr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xik8dj.jpg)
+
+The flower beds built in 1940 look very elegant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uiyw8p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u0nj5x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z56u1a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3x71jk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s9l1oh.jpg)
+
+According to records, Xu Xiake passed through Liren Village in 1638 (the 11th year of the Chongzhen reign of the Ming Dynasty), so there is a sign inside the mosque marking it as a "Xu Xiake Travel Route Landmark."
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wc6qnm.jpg)
+
+**III. Yuxi Daying Village**
+
+Continuing 52 kilometers south from Haikou Liren Mosque, we arrived at the Daying Mosque in Yuxi.
+
+The mosque's main gate was rebuilt in 1914 as a two-story gate tower with an inward-facing eight-character screen wall. The upper level has four corners, and the lower level has eight corners, featuring exquisite decorative dougong (bracket sets), carved beams, painted rafters, and upturned eaves. Entering the gate, one finds the Xingmeng Lou (Awakening Dream Tower/minaret), a three-eave, four-cornered, pointed-roof pavilion standing 30 meters tall.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1i8ocg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4ol6e0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qe4ujl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q0i5pa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v4yq72.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/obtqd7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x60pw1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cwcqd0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ail1ge.jpg)
+
+The main hall of Daying Mosque has been expanded many times. The front hall was built in 1605 (the 33rd year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty) and completed in 1617 (the 46th year of the Wanli reign). The middle hall was expanded during the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty, and the rear hall was expanded in 1985, with a total capacity of 2,000 people.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qmx9u9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b9pkaw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/41vut5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ll9v3n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aw57pu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bru37e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/44ey0r.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/esyxoo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/97lz15.jpg)
+
+While visiting the market in Daying, we bought some local crispy roast duck at a 30-year-old shop. The lean duck is much better than Beijing roast duck, though the accompanying sauce is not as good as the one in Nanjing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/siqp8q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1hkh6q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6tnrip.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b46dz3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/or68l7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ljz3q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b6k4p9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0y27z5.jpg)
+
+During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the Hui Muslims of Daying, Yuxi, were famous for their caravans "traveling abroad" to trade in Myanmar and Thailand. The most famous of these was Xingshunhe, founded by Ma Youling in 1846. Ma Youling initially bought yarn in Kunming, transported it to Yuxi to exchange for cloth, and then dyed the cloth with local indigo into blue or black fabric for sale. During the Guangxu reign, upon learning that Chiang Mai, Thailand, had foreign indigo that produced better dyeing results, Ma Youling began organizing caravans to Chiang Mai to purchase foreign indigo, which he then sold in Kunming after dyeing the cloth. In the late Guangxu period, Xingshunhe grew larger and larger, dealing in cloth, straw hats, foreign indigo, and Sichuan salt, and opened branches all over Yunnan. Later, to facilitate caravan transport, they switched to lighter goods such as deer antler, musk, tortoise-deer glue, tiger glue, and tiger bone, opening branches in major cities like Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hankou, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong.
+
+Old Hui Muslim houses in Daying Village.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/13qsgm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/usqed8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jr7k1f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/37vcmi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7us13x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bcmkhu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dpanfr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0osxxe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5amjvt.jpg)
+
+The front of the house is inscribed with "Yingchen Li," and on the right, it says "the Yihai Year of the Republic of China," which is 1935.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jn5ujj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jdgn2m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xgvdvu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3s2g7l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v875rh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9umuu4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ql1zxo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3rk1o9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lbejpv.jpg)
+
+At the entrance of Daying Village stands a Qing Dynasty bluestone memorial archway, erected in 1896 (the 22nd year of the Guangxu reign) by order of the Guangxu Emperor to honor the highly respected Hui Muslim centenarian Ma Xuekuan and his wife, Madam Ma. It is a Yuxi municipal-level cultural relic protection unit.
+
+The archway has three gates. The middle gate is inscribed with "Imperial Decree of Commendation," the front says "A Centenarian of Peace," and the back says "Gate of Chastity and Longevity." The inner sides of the pillars have a couplet: "Reaching the age of one hundred, competing to praise the supreme longevity; the imperial decree commends virtue and age, permitting the construction of this lofty arch." The side gates also have couplets: "Ten thousand miles of dragon light engrave the virtuous people, a hundred years of crane marks signify the extraordinary." And: "Life is not full, but you have fulfilled it; it is hard to meet in the world, yet I have encountered it." "
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vvt2e7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d352fo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/abfjg1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wx4441.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3o9oym.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eb3cjd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w2jmjt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mqadr7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1ahvgs.jpg)
+
+Two watchtowers were likely built in the past to defend against bandits.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s0bqwj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c4f0bl.jpg)
+
+**IV. Eshan Dabaiyi Village**
+
+Continuing 42 kilometers south from Daying, Yuxi, we arrived at Dabaiyi Village in Eshan County.
+
+The founding date of Dabaiyi Mosque is unknown. It was rebuilt many times during the Kangxi, Qianlong, and Tongzhi reigns, destroyed by an earthquake in 1913, rebuilt in 1915, and the call-to-prayer tower was rebuilt in 1935.
+
+The call-to-prayer tower, also known as the Awakening Dream Tower, was built in 1935. The first floor's facade is in a Western gate tower style, while the second floor is a traditional Chinese hexagonal pavilion with a pointed roof. Currently, the first-floor gate tower has been renovated, with only the middle door frame remaining.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qid36e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5sn31m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pjw9l3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3te439.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ofy2g2.jpg)
+
+The front hall of the main prayer hall was built in 1915, and the rear hall was expanded in 1980. Very interestingly, the roof uses yellow glazed tiles to spell out the three characters for "Mosque" (Qingzhen Si).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tas0mq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hnhxaj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jzsnse.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sss4gv.jpg)
+
+Dabaiyi in Eshan is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese. From the donation list for the construction of the mosque's teaching building in 1996, it can be seen that the donating overseas Chinese came from many regions, including Chiang Mai, Mae Sai, Bangkok, Wang Yang, He Fei, Da Duan, Mae Salong, Man Tang, Su Ming, and Lampang in Thailand, as well as Tachileik and Kengtung in Myanmar.
+
+The history of Dabaiyi Hui Muslim caravans "traveling abroad" to trade in Myanmar and Thailand is very long. During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Dabaiyi Hui Muslims would lead caravans every year, carrying local cloth, yellow tobacco, wool felt, and daily necessities through Simao and Pu'er to trade in Kengtung and Tachileik in Myanmar, and Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai in Thailand, bringing back goods such as indigo, deer antler, ivory, tiger bone, and cattle and sheep hides. Some Dabaiyi Hui Muslims settled down in Thailand and Myanmar, opening shops and marrying local women. Some stayed because of rampant bandits on the road, fearing their property would be looted.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/udub9q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eonmpx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a43yio.jpg)
+
+At noon, we ate stir-fried cowpeas with meat, stewed squash, cold sliced meat, and stir-fried chayote at the Yipinxuan Restaurant at the entrance of Dabaiyi Village in Eshan. Their cold sliced meat was not very good. After eating, we entered the village and saw a private kitchen run in an old courtyard; the environment was so good that I regretted my choice!
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9e7rj5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ye39z9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g66cbd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pxj6rb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ejj2eb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s2yshv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ii721u.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ik8s5e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iewfvu.jpg)
+
+Next to the Dabaiyi Mosque is a traditional courtyard with a Western-style gate tower at the entrance, inscribed with "Dingxingxiang," which I suspect might be the name of the caravan firm their family opened during the Qing Dynasty or the Republic of China. The environment inside the courtyard was very good and felt very refreshing. When we went, there was only a grandmother with her grandchildren, and the family seemed very happy. The traditional bluestone bricks had been replaced with terrazzo, giving a sense of overlapping eras. Corn was hanging in the courtyard, and walnuts and sunflower seeds were drying under the windows, giving it a very strong sense of daily life.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yqh50k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eqqc3z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6isi3u.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Ten_Hui_and_Islamic_Historic_Sites_in_Beijing__A_Muslim_Heritage_Walking_Guide.md b/content/Ten_Hui_and_Islamic_Historic_Sites_in_Beijing__A_Muslim_Heritage_Walking_Guide.md
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94b1cd52c017ffd6257fd0b67c40e69acab1690c
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+++ b/content/Ten_Hui_and_Islamic_Historic_Sites_in_Beijing__A_Muslim_Heritage_Walking_Guide.md
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+---
+title: "Ten Hui and Islamic Historic Sites in Beijing: A Muslim Heritage Walking Guide"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1919"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1919"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:48Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "1090e0660f9879cab569cbacdbff5368740fdae36512b5da6584592870d225a1"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Ten Hui and Islamic Historic Sites in Beijing: A Muslim Heritage Walking Guide
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Ten Hui and Islamic Historic Sites in Beijing: A Muslim Heritage Walking Guide. Unable to leave Beijing for a year, I was finally able to take a good look at the old Hui Muslim historical sites scattered throughout the city. Below, I share ten of them with you. It is useful for readers interested in Beijing Muslim Heritage, Hui Muslims, Historic Sites.
+
+Unable to leave Beijing for a year, I was finally able to take a good look at the old Hui Muslim historical sites scattered throughout the city. Below, I share ten of them with you.
+
+**1. Yuanshun Biaoju (Escort Agency) on Xibanbi Street, Zhushikou, outside Qianmen.**
+
+**2. The stone stele of the Sanlihe Mosque inside Wuta Mosque.**
+
+**3. The Salar ethnic group minaret from the Qing Dynasty inside the Museum of Chinese Ethnic Cultures.**
+
+**4. The former residence of Ma Fuxiang on Xisi North Third Alley.**
+
+**5. The mosque in the Old Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan).**
+
+**6. The Western-style building of the Mishi Hutong Mosque.**
+
+**7. The storefront of the Jian'tang Wang Huihui Plaster Shop on Yangmeizhu Slanting Street, outside Qianmen.**
+
+**8. The gate tower of the Qingzhen Yipinxian Bathhouse on Zongshu Slanting Street, outside Qianmen.**
+
+**9. The storefront of the Ma Yinglong Eye Ointment Shop on Xiheyuan, outside Qianmen.**
+
+**10. The brick-carved dua (supplication) on Jiaozihutong, Niujie.**
+
+**1. Yuanshun Biaoju (Escort Agency) on Xibanbi Street, Zhushikou, outside Qianmen.**
+
+The Yuanshun Biaoju (Escort Agency) opened by the famous late Qing chivalrous hero Dadao Wang Wu at No. 13 Xibanbi Street, Zhushikou, outside Qianmen in Beijing.
+
+Dadao Wang Wu, whose real name was Wang Zibin (1844-1900) and courtesy name was Zhengyi, was a Han Chinese from Cangzhou, Hebei. He loved martial arts from a young age and greatly admired Li Fenggang, the manager of the Chengxing Biaoju in Cangzhou. The Li family came from a Hui Muslim military household background during the Ming dynasty, having moved from Nanjing to settle in Cangzhou during the Yongle reign while 'escorting the emperor,' and their tradition of practicing martial arts has never been interrupted since. During the Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, Li Fenggang's uncle, Li Guanming, learned the Liuhe Quan (Six Harmonies Boxing) from the Cao family, a Hui Muslim family in Botou, and founded the 'Liuhe Men' (Six Harmonies School) in Cangzhou. Later, the Liuhe Men developed into the largest martial arts school in Cangzhou. Li Guanming opened the Chengxing Biaoju outside the south gate of Cangzhou, enjoyed high prestige in the martial arts world, and almost never lost an escort. Li Guanming later passed the escort agency to his nephew, Li Fenggang, who had followed his uncle to learn Liuhe boxing and weaponry since childhood and was skilled with double sabers, earning him the nickname 'Shuangdao Jiang' (General of the Double Sabers).
+
+Wang Wu very much wanted to become Li Fenggang's student, but according to the school's rules, the Li family's Liuhe Men only taught those of the Islamic faith. Wang Wu was determined to convert to Islam, but his mother did not agree. According to the 1933 'Cang County Gazetteer,' it is recorded: 'Zhengyi's teacher was Li Fenggang. Fenggang was a follower of Islam, and Zhengyi wanted to study under him. Fenggang would not teach him because he was not of the faith. Zhengyi wanted to join the faith to prove his sincerity, but his mother would not allow it. Zhengyi knelt and pleaded with her repeatedly for over ten years before his mother finally agreed. He then learned everything from Fenggang before going to the capital, where he was initially called Little Wang Wu.' ”
+
+In the early years of the Guangxu reign, at the age of thirty, Wang Wu set up his own business and opened the Yuanshun Biaoju at Zhushikou outside Qianmen in Beijing. According to Liang Qichao's 'Yinbingshi Shihua' (Poetry Talks from the Ice-Drinker's Studio): 'Wang Wu was a chivalrous hero of Youyan who made his living as an escort.' His sphere of influence reached as far north as Shanhaiguan and as far south as Qingjiangpu, and he spent his life helping the weak and punishing the strong. ” The Yuanshun Biaoju gradually became one of the eight major escort agencies in the capital, and Wang Wu became known as 'Dadao Wang Wu' (Big Saber Wang Wu) because of his skill with the single saber. Pingjiang Buxiaosheng's 'Modern Chivalrous Hero Biography,' serialized starting in 1923, is the pioneering work of modern Chinese martial arts novels. The novel features Dadao Wang Wu and Huo Yuanjia as the main characters. Through the depiction of the deep friendship between Wang Wu and Tan Sitong, his chivalrous actions to save Tan Sitong, and his heroic sacrifice during the invasion of China by the Eight-Nation Alliance, the heroic image of Dadao Wang Wu became deeply rooted in people's hearts.
+
+The Yuanshun Biaoju faces south, and the main gate was originally very spacious to allow escort carriages to pass through, but now most of it is occupied by a restroom. Only the western half of the original gate remains, and the door knocker on it is the one that Tan Sitong knocked on when he came to visit Dadao Wang Wu.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q0nxut.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t8ewta.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/boljzd.jpg)
+
+After entering the courtyard, there was originally a place to park escort carriages and horses. On the west side, there are three courtyards: the first was where Wang Wu performed his ritual washing and dua (prayer), the second and third were the living quarters for the escort guards, and the back courtyard contained the inner office, the storage room for escorted goods, and guest rooms. After the public-private partnership in the 1950s, the descendants of the Wang family only kept the south and north rooms of the back courtyard. The front courtyard became public housing, and after renovations by the housing management office, it is difficult to distinguish the original structure.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fju4o3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v0k49i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tbwzqj.jpg)
+
+**2. The stone stele of the Sanlihe Mosque inside Wuta Mosque.**
+
+The Beijing Stone Carving Art Museum at Wuta Mosque houses a precious stele from the Republic of China era, recording how in 1934, the famous educator Ma Linyi and Ma Xiyuan, the father of the famous Peking Opera master Ma Lianliang, funded the students and teachers of the Sanlihe Mosque outside Fuchengmen, Beijing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5c69ks.jpg)
+
+I looked up some information and found that most articles introducing the Sanlihe Mosque do not seem to mention this stele. I also do not know why this stele was not kept in the mosque but was moved to the museum. I will transcribe the inscription here to share with everyone. There are a few characters I cannot see clearly, so I ask for your help in identifying them:
+
+Because this mosque has long lacked funds to support the students and teachers of Islamic studies, it has always felt the hardship. Now, thanks to Minister Ma Zhenwu of Hunan and Mr. Ma Xiyuan, a board member of this mosque, they have jointly purchased a property at the southwest corner of this mosque, totaling twelve rooms, as detailed in the contract. The price was five hundred yuan, with both parties paying half. All taxes, stele carving, and repair costs, totaling over two hundred yuan, were shared by the board members of this community. Henceforth, this property shall forever belong to this mosque and may not be sold or mortgaged. The monthly rental income shall be used to provide stipends for the mosque's students and teachers and may not be used for other purposes. The contract and finances shall be managed by the current Imam and the board members. Every year during the Eid al-Fitr festival, the Imam or board members of this mosque shall lead the students to recite the Quran at the two families' cemeteries, a tradition to be kept forever. The board members have collectively settled the contract and finances and agreed to invite an Ahong (Imam). When the time comes, the manager shall hand over the contract and finances to the current Ahong.
+
+Minister Zhenwu's cemetery is in Fenghuang [location] in [location] village, about two li west of the Sanlihe Mosque. Mr. Xiyuan's cemetery is at the north side of the road at the west end of this street, recorded here.
+
+Original donations within the mosque: 70 yuan... Hengji mietie (donation) 5 yuan... Zhang Songshan mietie 5 yuan... Ma Peilin mietie 5 yuan... Wan Yuwang mietie 2 yuan, Xi Yuxing mietie 2 yuan, Ma Dewang mietie 2 yuan, Li Yongxiang mietie 2 yuan, Feng Shengshan mietie 1 yuan, Liu Zhong mietie 1 yuan, Cang Yuan[X] mietie 1 yuan, Yang Denghua mietie 1 yuan, Yang Tangrui mietie 1 yuan, Wan Qirui mietie 3 yuan, individual small donations totaling over 10 yuan. Signed by the board members.
+
+**Erected in May of the 23rd year of the Republic of China.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/40ux8t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/69r84l.jpg)
+
+The 'Minister Ma Zhenwu of Hunan' mentioned in the stele is the famous educator Ma Linyi. Ma Linyi was born in Shaoyang, Hunan, in 1864. His father was the great Islamic scholar Ahong Ma Yanxi. He passed the imperial examination in 1902 and was sent to Japan for study in 1904. After returning to Hunan, he actively promoted education. In 1906, he founded the Qingzhen Xiejin Primary School in Shaoyang, and later added the Xiejin Middle School, which were the earliest modern schools for Hui Muslims in Hunan.
+
+In 1908, Ma Linyi was transferred to the Ministry of Education of the Qing court as a secretary, and thus came to Beijing. In 1908, Wang Kuan founded the Jingshi Qingzhen First Primary School inside the Niujie Mosque. Ma Linyi actively planned it and served as the supervisor. He applied for subsidies from the Beijing Education Bureau in the name of the school and was finally approved to receive 40 taels per month as operating funds. In 1909, Ma Linyi again assisted Wang Kuan in reporting to the Beijing Education Supervision Bureau to establish the Islamic Education Association.
+
+In 1912, while serving as Vice Minister of Education, Ma Linyi founded the China Islamic Progressive Association with the support of Sun Yat-sen and served as its president. He changed his courtesy name from 'Zhenwu' to 'Zhenwu' (using a different character for 'wu'), meaning 'revitalizing the five ethnic groups'. Between 1912 and 1919, Ma Linyi worked in education in Gansu for 7 years, founding over 100 Hui Muslim schools and cultivating a large number of talents. In 1919, he was transferred to be the Director of the Zhili Education Department, where he secured 300,000 yuan for the Hui Muslim education fund, making a huge contribution.
+
+In the 1920s, Ma Linyi held various positions in the Nationalist Government, including Minister of Education. After the success of the Northern Expedition in 1928, Hui Muslim intellectuals in Beijing were determined to establish their own middle school so that Hui Muslim youth could continue their studies after graduating from primary school. In the same year, Ma Linyi participated in the founding of the Islamic Middle School on the site of the old Niujie Garrison Office and served as vice chairman, receiving support from various Nationalist Party figures in Beijing. In 1929, Ma Linyi served as a board member of the Beiping Chengda Normal School, actively updating the curriculum and improving teaching methods, which helped Chengda Normal School develop into a modern school. In his later years, Ma Linyi devoted himself to the faith and served as an advisor to Wang Jingzhai for his translation of the Quran. In 1938, Ma Linyi passed away in Beiping and was buried in the Sanlihe Hui Muslim cemetery.
+
+The 'Mr. Ma Xiyuan, a board member of this mosque' mentioned in the stele is the father of the Peking Opera master Ma Lianliang. Ma Xiyuan was born in 1868, with ancestral roots in Shandong. His father, Ma Yongxiang, settled in Beijing during the Xianfeng reign and opened a teahouse opposite the Fuchengmen Arrow Tower, known as the 'Men Ma Teahouse'. The Men Ma Teahouse had a stage for music, and Peking Opera fans and famous performers often came to sing. It was very lively and a famous Peking Opera venue. Influenced by Peking Opera, Ma Xiyuan sent his son Ma Lianliang to the Xiliancheng training school to learn opera, which eventually made Ma Lianliang a master of his generation, the founder of the Ma school of old men (laosheng), and the head of the 'Four Great Male Leads'.
+
+Ma Xiyuan himself was very pious, never missing his five daily prayers, and sent his son Ma Lianliang to the Sanlihe Mosque to study the Quran when he was 5 years old. In 1930, Ma Lianliang bought the entire courtyard at No. 7 Dongdoufu Lane, outside Chongwenmen, and renovated the west room of the front courtyard into a prayer hall for Ma Xiyuan's five daily prayers, which was very rare in Hui Muslim families at that time.
+
+Ma Xiyuan was enthusiastic about religious charity and was known as 'Ma the Kind'. In 1908, he participated in the founding of the Qingzhen Public Fifth Primary School inside the Huashi Mosque outside Chongwenmen. It was renamed Qingzhen Culture Primary School in 1912 and Beiping Qingzhen Second Primary School in 1929. Ma Xiyuan actively donated money and served as chairman. In 1928, Hui Muslim youth in the Niujie area founded the private Zhongcai Primary School in Majia Hutong. It was praised and supported by Ma Xiyuan, who served as a school board member and lent his long-cherished organ to the school for music teaching. Every Jumu'ah (Friday), Ma Xiyuan would cook porridge at his doorstep to give to poor Hui Muslims, and he would also give out warm clothes in winter. In 1935, Ma Xiyuan passed away due to illness and was buried in the Sanlihe Hui Muslim cemetery.
+
+**3. The Salar ethnic group minaret from the Qing Dynasty inside the Museum of Chinese Ethnic Cultures.**
+
+Surprisingly, there is a Qing Dynasty Salar minaret in the Museum of Chinese Ethnic Cultures. The museum's introduction says it was moved from Shangbaizhuang Village, Baizhuang Township, Xunhua in 2003.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r3m3x2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ricxts.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4hm7dh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i9n0he.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rg3qcm.jpg)
+
+Next to it is a Qing Dynasty Salar fence-style building also moved from Mengda Village, Xunhua in 2003, along with its furniture. Now the west side is the original building, and the east side is a new construction modeled after the west side. However, placing a tangping (water kettle for ablution) on the table is a bit out of place; the table should have an incense burner and a Quran box.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4gaojq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x40glb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yx09vr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g4qw77.jpg)
+
+**4. The former residence of Ma Fuxiang on Xisi North Third Alley.**
+
+The former residence of Ma Fuxiang is located at No. 11 Xisi North Third Alley (formerly No. 5 Baozi Hutong), with the residence on the west side and a garden on the east side. The garden features rockeries, climbing corridors, an embroidered building, and an octagonal pavilion. It is a cultural relic protection unit in Beijing.
+
+Ma Fuxiang, courtesy name Yunting, was born in Hanjiaji, west of Hezhou City, Gansu, in 1876. He practiced martial arts with his brother from a young age, joined the army at 19, and passed the military examination at 21. In 1900, at the age of 24, Ma Fuxiang fought fiercely against the Eight-Nation Alliance at Zhengyangmen in Beijing, and five of his clansmen were killed in action. In 1912, Ma Fuxiang supported the Republic and served as the Ningxia Town General. Ma Fuxiang and his son and nephew, Ma Hongbin and Ma Hongkui, subsequently ruled Ningxia for 37 years and were known as the 'Ningxia Ma'.
+
+In 1924, Feng Yuxiang launched the Beijing coup and led the National Army into the Northwest. To control Suiyuan, he transferred Ma Fuxiang, who had been in charge of Suiyuan for five years, to the position of Northwest Border Defense Assistant, which was actually just a nominal position. Because he feared Feng Yuxiang's strength, Ma Fuxiang had to move from Suiyuan to Beijing, where he bought the residence at No. 5 Baozi Hutong and converted it into his mansion.
+
+During his time in Beijing, Ma Fuxiang devoted himself to studying Islamic classics. He proofread the manuscript of Wang Daiyu's 'Xizhen Zhengda' (True Answers to Real Truths), entrusted the Beiping Islamic Book and Newspaper Society to publish it, and later wrote a preface for 'Qingzhen Zhinan Yaoyan' (Essential Words of the Islamic Guide) and donated funds for its publication.
+
+In 1928, Bai Chongxi, Ma Fuxiang, and local Niujie gentry jointly planned the first Hui Muslim middle school in Niujie, named Beiping Islamic Middle School, later renamed Northwest Public School. Bai Chongxi served as chairman, and Ma Fuxiang served as vice chairman. In 1929, Ma Fuxiang donated 6,000 yuan for the expansion of the school.
+
+In 1928, the Chengda Normal School in Jinan was having difficulties. When Ma Fuxiang heard about it, he insisted on moving Chengda Normal School to Beiping and donated dozens of rooms he had purchased in the backyard of the Dongsi Mosque for the purpose of building an Islamic university to be used as school buildings. In 1929, Chengda Normal School officially moved to the Dongsi Mosque in Beiping. Ma Fuxiang served as chairman, donated 500 yuan as startup funds, and invested 40,000 yuan as capital into the Yongbaozhai Jade Factory opened by Hui Muslim entrepreneur Chang Zichun, using the dividends to maintain the operation of Chengda Normal School. As the most famous Islamic normal school during the Republic of China, Chengda Normal School cultivated a large number of Islamic talents.
+
+After Chengda Normal School moved to Beiping, Ma Fuxiang invited the school's main leaders to the Ma Mansion in Baozi Hutong to discuss and decide to launch the Islamic newspaper 'Yuehua' (Moonlight). In November 1929, 'Yuehua' was officially published, becoming the most influential Islamic publication during the Republic of China. From its inception until his passing in 1932, Ma Fuxiang donated over 100 yuan to 'Yuehua' and Chengda Normal School every month. Sometimes, if he missed a donation due to busy government affairs, he would definitely make it up the following month.
+
+In 1930, Ma Fuxiang was appointed Chairman of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission and moved to Nanjing. In 1932, Chengda Normal School decided to send 4 graduates to Al-Azhar University in Egypt for further studies. When Ma Fuxiang heard this, he immediately decided to go to Beiping to discuss the candidates and provided half of the expenses. Unfortunately, Ma Fuxiang soon fell ill. While being escorted by his son Ma Hongkui to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital for treatment, he passed away when the train reached Liulihe, south of Beijing, at the age of 57. At the end of 1932, Ahong Ma Songting led the Chengda Normal School graduates to Cairo. Ma Hongkui, honoring his father's wishes, funded half of the travel expenses.
+
+After 1949, the Ma Mansion in Baozi Hutong was used by the Education Bureau. After the policy was implemented, it was returned to the Ma family descendants, who donated it for public welfare. It later became the Xisi North Kindergarten, which it remains today.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uuwfdg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9jfky7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mwpydl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v68sxe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/adfco2.jpg)
+
+**5. The mosque in the Old Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan).**
+
+Fangwaiguan (View from Afar) is part of the Western-style building complex in the Old Summer Palace. It was originally called the 'Three-Story Water Fountain Hall' and was built between 1756 and 1759 (the 21st to 24th year of the Qianlong reign). It was mainly designed by the Italian court painter Giuseppe Castiglione and constructed by Chinese craftsmen, belonging to the late Renaissance Italian Baroque style. In 1760, Qianlong summoned the Hui Muslim figures who had contributed to suppressing the rebellion of the White Mountain Sect's Great and Small Khojas to Beijing, conferred the title of First-Class Taiji on the meritorious official Tu'erduo Khoja, and conferred the title of He Guiren (Noble Lady He) on his sister. In 1761, the Khoja lady was promoted to Rongpin (Concubine Rong) and later to Rongfei (Consort Rong). Qianlong then converted Fangwaiguan into a prayer hall specifically for the Khoja lady's prayers. After that, the Khoja lady lived in the palace for 28 years until she passed away in the Old Summer Palace in 1788.
+
+Fangwaiguan has two floors and a hip-and-gable roof. The main body consists of four giant square pillars, and there are circular stairs on the left and right outside the building that lead directly to the second floor. In 1920, the Frenchman Yaleyuan, after visiting the site, recorded in his book 'A Study of the Old Summer Palace Projects by 18th-Century Jesuits' that there were two white marble Arabic stone steles inside Fangwaiguan, engraved with the honorable names of the third and fourth Caliphs, Uthman and Ali. It is speculated that Fangwaiguan originally also had stone steles with the honorable names of the first and second Caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar, but they have been lost.
+
+When the Old Summer Palace was burned in 1860, Fangwaiguan was the only Western-style building that remained intact, but in the following hundred years, its components were gradually stolen and destroyed. Now only the four main stone pillars remain. The two sets of stone bridges outside Fangwaiguan were transported to Yenching University during the Republic of China era. Now one set is in the grass inside the west gate of Peking University, and the other is on the north side of the island in Weiming Lake. For detailed information about Fangwaiguan, I recommend reading the new book 'Emperor Qianlong's European-style Garden' by Mr. Liu Yang, published in 2022.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v3foph.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yn7t9m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5j2pwv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5y03r4.jpg)
+
+**6. The Western-style building of the Mishi Hutong Mosque.**
+
+Today, amidst a large construction site next to the Caishikou subway station in Beijing, two historical buildings remain from the Daji area demolition 10 years ago. One is the famous former residence of Kang Youwei. The other is the two-story building of the old Bianyifang Restaurant in Mishi Hutong, which opened in the 14th year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty (1416). In 1937, the old Bianyifang closed due to the war. Soon after, Hui Muslims from the five northwestern provinces living in Beijing raised over 10,000 yuan to buy the building. After renovation, it officially became the Mishi Hutong Mosque on January 1, 1940, and also served as the office for the Association of Fellow Townsmen from the Five Northwestern Provinces.
+
+The building where the Mishi Hutong Mosque is located was originally built in the mid-to-late Qing Dynasty. It was initially an 'L-shaped' structure consisting of three north rooms and four west rooms, with a hard-mountain roof and a hanging-mountain open corridor structure. On the east side was a garden.
+
+The former Mishi Hutong has now been completely leveled, with only the mosque building remaining.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9jiu9z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mcqrp1.jpg)
+
+Looking at the mosque from the north, the north building is on the left and the west building is on the right. You can see the simple gray brick walls and arched windows.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v5umkp.jpg)
+
+In the connecting structure of the north building, you can see exquisite hanging eaves, wooden railings, and brick carvings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hudny3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fj1tlo.jpg)
+
+When it was converted into a mosque in 1940, three south rooms were added, changing the 'L-shaped' layout into a 'U-shaped' layout. At the same time, a two-story flat-roofed open hall was added in the recessed area, connecting with the south rooms to form a semi-enclosed open space on the second floor as the main prayer hall. After the renovation, the building only left a small courtyard on the east side, and one must pass through the open hall to enter each room, which has the typical characteristics of southern architecture.
+
+Looking at the mosque from south to north, the west building is on the left, and the south open hall added in 1940 is on the right.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/99d9qk.jpg)
+
+Looking at the mosque from east to west, the south open hall is on the left, and the north building with the connecting structure is on the right.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c0lruk.jpg)
+
+The flat-roofed open hall added in 1940.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0lm5m8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gtzg2z.jpg)
+
+The exquisite wooden lattice partitions and door lintel wood carvings on the first floor of the mosque, as well as the abandoned rooms. You can see that time stopped in April 2012, exactly 10 years ago.
+
+In the 1940s, the Mishi Hutong Mosque became the activity center for northwestern Hui Muslims in Beijing, with Ahong Ye Liangpu serving as the first Imam. At that time, the Mishi Hutong Mosque and the Tianqiao Mosque, also built during the Republic of China, were brother mosques, and the two mosques would invite each other's Ahongs.
+
+After the 1960s, the Mishi Hutong Mosque was converted into a dormitory for a toy factory and later became a residential compound.
+
+After the demolition of the Daji area southeast of Caishikou, more than 30 guild halls, various temples, shops, and former residences of famous people were turned into ruins one after another. Ultimately, by 2012, only the former residence of Kang Youwei and the Mishi Hutong Mosque were preserved as historical buildings. It is a pity that the original gate of the Mishi Hutong Mosque, which had traditional Arabic calligraphy, has been demolished, leaving only the two-story building inside. It is said that the Mishi Hutong Mosque and the former residence of Kang Youwei will both be renovated and used for other purposes. I don't know what this place will become by then.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/18k721.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zs059z.jpg)
+
+The second floor of the mosque was initially a private room of the old Bianyifang Restaurant, later became the office of the Association of Fellow Townsmen from the Five Northwestern Provinces and the main prayer hall of the mosque, then became a dormitory for a toy factory and a crowded residential compound, and finally became a ruin.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9dhtcd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/chdzus.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0ly97c.jpg)
+
+**The gate of the mosque.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nmlyiz.jpg)
+
+**7. The storefront of the Jian'tang Wang Huihui Plaster Shop on Yangmeizhu Slanting Street, outside Qianmen.**
+
+The Jian'tang Wang Huihui Plaster Shop is located on Yangmeizhu Slanting Street outside Qianmen. The Wang family has operated the Jian'tang Wang Huihui Plaster Shop since the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty. It has been 400 years now and is a district-level intangible cultural heritage. In the old days, Jian'tang had a shop in the front and a factory in the back, and several generations lived and operated here. Now, various cultural relics of the old Jian'tang shop are displayed in the street-facing storefront. The most precious is the wooden plaque from that year, which is preserved on the second-floor terrace.
+
+After the public-private partnership in 1956, Jian'tang was merged into Tongrentang. The plaster shop on Yangmeizhu Slanting Street was closed and converted into staff dormitories, and the Wang family also became employees of Tongrentang. After the 1960s, the Jian'tang storefront was reclaimed. Through unremitting efforts, the Wang family successfully retrieved it in 1997. After renovation, the Wang family reopened the old storefront as a bookstore in 2004, naming it Jian'zhai. In 2014, Yangmeizhu Slanting Street became a pilot for the 'Beijing Design Week'. Jian'zhai took this opportunity to upgrade into a coffee bookstore, which is still in business today. The landlady is the 21st-generation descendant of Jian'tang.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f2ltfr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uxggqf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d48epb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cnqozv.jpg)
+
+The shop sign of the plaster shop from back then, which is of great historical significance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5akipg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/su2clj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/szg7k1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8r36bo.jpg)
+
+**Eating youxiang (fried dough) made by the Wang family descendants here during Eid al-Fitr in 2021.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8646vp.jpg)
+
+**Tangjuanguo (sugar-rolled fruit).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mcvfxm.jpg)
+
+**Stewed beef.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r2y11x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/evr685.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g90xxr.jpg)
+
+**8. The gate tower of the Qingzhen Yipinxian Bathhouse on Zongshu Slanting Street, outside Qianmen.**
+
+The Qingzhen Yipinxian Bathhouse is located on Zongshu Slanting Street outside Qianmen. Zongshu Slanting Street was originally called Wang Guafu Slanting Street and Wang Guangfu Slanting Street. It belongs to the 'Eight Great Hutongs' and was famous for its 'Qingyin Xiaoban' (high-class courtesan houses) during the Republic of China era. There were also various restaurants and bathhouses on Wang Guangfu Slanting Street, and Yipinxian was the most famous one.
+
+Peking Opera master Ma Lianliang loved to soak in the bath at Yipinxian. Zhang Yihe wrote in 'Past Events of Opera Performers': Ma Lianliang liked to soak in the bath. As long as there was a performance in the evening, he would definitely go to the bathhouse in the afternoon. First it was 'Yipinxian' outside Qianmen, and later he changed to 'Qinghuachi' in Xizhushikou. Later, he often went to 'Qinghuayuan' in Bamiancao. After soaking in the bath, he would also ask a special master to do a pedicure. This was because he wore boots all year round while performing, which caused corns. Every time he went to the bathhouse, Ma Lianliang would bring some cigarettes and tea to give to the masters and workers.
+
+Besides soaking by himself, Ma Lianliang also often went to Yipinxian to soak with the 'King of Drum Singing' Liu Baoquan. Ma Lianliang wrote about this in 'Remembering Mr. Liu Baoquan', the time was probably the 1920s: After some more days, introduced by the late famous Peking Opera actor Mr. Wang Yaoqing, I met Mr. Liu Baoquan. We hit it off immediately and soon became close friends. After that, for more than five years, we were together day and night, inseparable. Every day I went to his home in Mianhua Ninth Alley to find him. We would stroll and walk together, and then go to the 'Yipinxian' bathhouse to take a bath. In the afternoon, we would go to 'Liangyixuan' to eat together. After eating, we would go to the theater together to watch the performances of Yu Shuyan and Yang Xiaolou. This was almost our daily routine.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nda30x.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m4xjzp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cp1b4v.jpg)
+
+Yipinxian Bathhouse also developed continuously during the Republic of China era. Comparing the 'Revised Practical Beijing Guide' published by the Commercial Press in the 12th year of the Republic of China and the 'Beijing Travel Guide' published by Xinhua Bookstore in the 30th year of the Republic of China, you can see it.
+
+In the 12th year of the Republic of China, Yipinxian was not yet a first-class bathhouse and could only be ranked as a 'slightly inferior' second-class, using cement basins and vat basins for bathing: The slightly inferior ones are Yipinxian, Huayuan, Wenyayuan, Yuqing, Qingquan, Dongxing, Yuhua, Qihua, Xinhuachi, Baoquan, Yihe, etc. Most of their equipment were cement basins and vat basins, with occasional Western-style basins. The bath price ranged from four jiao, three jiao, two jiao, to one jiao. The cost for back scrubbing and haircuts was two jiao or one jiao.
+
+By the 30th year of the Republic of China, Yipinxian was already the most famous bathhouse in Beijing, on par with the Qinghuachi we are familiar with. At that time, the downstairs of the bathhouse was built with 'warm five pools' made of white ceramic tiles, and upstairs were individual Western-style porcelain bathtubs. At the same time, Yipinxian had the most popular pedicure masters in Beijing at that time, specializing in treating athlete's foot: There are currently 123 bathhouses operating in the city. In recent years, it has developed day by day with the progress of the times. Because human evolution has made everyone aware of cleanliness, those in this industry also know how to adapt to the times and make improvements at any time. Most of the pools have been changed to warm five pools, and they are built with white ceramic tiles. The pools are wide and the water is deep, which actually surpasses those in Shanghai, Wuhan, and Nanjing. The washbasins were also changed from wooden tubs to enamel ones, which are much cleaner and more beautiful than before. The best-equipped ones include Qinghuayuan, Yiheyuan in the East City, Huabaoyuan, Yuhuayuan in the West City, and Qinghuachi, Yipixiang, etc., in the Outer City. Their businesses are all very prosperous, and the prices are divided by guanpen (official basin), yazuo (elegant seating), upstairs, and downstairs... The foot scraper at Yipixiang is named Wei Wenxi, who has long been famous in this field, and all the bathhouses compete to hire him. Southerners living in Beijing who suffer from beriberi all seek out little Wei, because once he scrapes their feet, they feel as if a heavy burden has been lifted. For this reason, little Wei is often overwhelmed with customers.
+
+In addition, according to the "Beijing Industry and Commerce Guide" edited by the Zhengfeng Economic Society in the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), the owner of Yipixiang was named Wang Houqi, a native of Wanping, Hebei (which includes the western part of Beijing, including the current Xicheng District). However, I have not yet been able to find more information about Wang Houqi, and I hope there will be new discoveries in the future.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a80g04.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y6vnz1.jpg)
+
+**9. The storefront of the Ma Yinglong Eye Ointment Shop on Xiheyuan, outside Qianmen.**
+
+In 1875 (the first year of the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty), Ma Wanxing, a Hui Muslim from Dingzhou, Hebei, moved the Ma family eye medicine shop from Dingzhou to Beijing and opened the "Beijing Ma Yinglong Eye Medicine Shop" outside Qianmen on Xiheyan. "Ma Yinglong" was his father's name.
+
+In 1923, Ma Wanxing's third son, Ma Liting, inherited the pharmacy and officially built the current Republic of China-style storefront on Xiheyan, Qianmen. There is a "Ma Yinglong" plaque on the storefront, and the words "eye medicine" are also on the right, obscured by an air conditioner. The person who inscribed the plaque was Ma Liang, a Beiyang warlord and a Hui Muslim from Qingyuan, Hebei (now Qingyuan District, Baoding).
+
+After the 1930s, Ma Yinglong successively set up branches across the country and expanded sales through mail order, even selling as far away as Europe. After the public-private partnership in 1957, Ma Liting served as the deputy section chief of the processing department of the Beijing Medicinal Materials Company. In 1966, the whole family was sent back to their ancestral home in Dingzhou, and Beijing Ma Yinglong gradually withdrew from the historical stage.
+
+In 1919, Ma Wanxing's grand-nephew Ma Qiaoshan opened a Ma Yinglong branch on Hanzheng Street in Hankou, and later established the Ma Yinglong Shengji Pharmaceutical Factory. After the 1980s, he began to focus on hemorrhoid ointment, continuing the Ma Yinglong brand to this day.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u7buw2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pdahp7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hd0htn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/91po35.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c3ao5a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yf4ozh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o6es6r.jpg)
+
+**10. The brick-carved dua (supplication) on Jiaozihutong, Niujie.**
+
+The home of Mr. Mai in Jiaozihu Tong, Niujie, is the only traditional Hui Muslim courtyard remaining in Beijing, and the main gate features the only remaining residential brick carving of a dua (dua) in Beijing. In order to protect the cultural relics, Mr. Mai spent years writing letters and making phone calls, but in the end, all his efforts were in vain.
+
+According to records, the Mai family previously operated the "Shunxing" fish shop at Guang'anmen Market, known as the "Fish Mais," and built this siheyuan (courtyard house) in 1931. In the 1960s, the Mai family painted the brick carvings with grey lime to preserve them. After the lime was removed in 2008, the brick carvings, which had been sealed for more than 40 years, were able to see the light of day again.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gxbjsf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x3btwd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6c4d56.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jhcjjw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jbns8x.jpg)
diff --git a/content/The_Communist_Party_of_China_often_emphasizes_the_freedom_of_ethnic_and_religiou.md b/content/The_Communist_Party_of_China_often_emphasizes_the_freedom_of_ethnic_and_religiou.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a50568be1b811b373bdbd32ccf5696f887bead5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/The_Communist_Party_of_China_often_emphasizes_the_freedom_of_ethnic_and_religiou.md
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+title: "The Communist Party of China often emphasizes the freedom of ethnic and religious affairs, but strictly controls Muslims and their beliefs in Linxia Hui Autonomous…"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1658"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1658"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:14:55Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "48b28c09431f71f31bac381bd7addfd3afbc10a7916202be9a311a434fa7c40d"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# The Communist Party of China often emphasizes the freedom of ethnic and religious affairs, but strictly controls Muslims and their beliefs in Linxia Hui Autonomous…
+
+The Communist Party of China often emphasizes the freedom of ethnic and religious affairs, but strictly controls Muslims and their beliefs in Linxia Hui Autonomous…
+ 
+
+
+
+
+ 
diff --git a/content/The_removal_of_domes__minarets__and_Islamic_symbols_from_mosques_across_China_ha.md b/content/The_removal_of_domes__minarets__and_Islamic_symbols_from_mosques_across_China_ha.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ed43f347d874e96444c6777be04390492997218
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/The_removal_of_domes__minarets__and_Islamic_symbols_from_mosques_across_China_ha.md
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+title: "The removal of domes, minarets, and Islamic symbols from mosques across China has been the single most visible and widely reported aspect of the Sinicization of Islam. "
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1675"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1675"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:22:09Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Mosques"
+content_hash: "6932decbd9594d6930b92d08ea211c98989a0eb033dfb93cc4ded064b85a15d4"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# The removal of domes, minarets, and Islamic symbols from mosques across China has been the single most visible and widely reported aspect of the Sinicization of Islam. 
+
+
+
+**4.1 Mosque and Architectural Renovations**
+
+The removal of domes, minarets, and Islamic symbols from mosques across China has been the single most visible and widely reported aspect of the Sinicization of Islam. Like other aspects of aesthetic Sinicization, the determination that ‘Arabic’-style elements in mosque architecture must be corrected dates to the emergence of the ‘Three Transformations’ campaign in Ningxia.
+
+The China Islamic Association first held a conference on mosque architecture in Xi’an in April 2017. The conference concluded that in the previous decade, there had been a trend towards Arabization in mosque architecture across the country that must be corrected. In addition, mosques had grown overly large, overly ostentatious, and had exceeded approved construction specifications. Remarks made at the conference further noted that, in compliance with party-state dictates, mosques should not serve as landmarks, nor become tourist destinations. Delegates to the conference were reminded by the President of the CIA that only when Islam “integrates with Chinese culture” will it be able to “take root and grow in this land of China.” Delegates were also taken on site visits to several historic mosques in Shaanxi, including Xi’an’s famous Huajuexiang Mosque. The resulting “Conference Minutes on Mosque Architectural Style” were dispersed through the country-wide network of Islamic Associations for study.
+
+In mid-2018, as the large-scale removal of Arabic script began across the northwest, evidence of the removal of “Arab-style” or otherwise “foreign” architectural elements from mosques and other public buildings first emerged. In practice, renovations have targeted domes, tall minarets in a non-pagoda style, and Islamic symbols, such as the crescent moon and star commonly placed atop mosque roofs. Although most of the media coverage of architectural Sinicization focuses on mosques, renovations have also targeted non-religious buildings constructed with decorative Islamic elements, such as domes or arched windows. For example, in Jinan, Shandong Province, the famous halal restaurant, Bainian Yunting Hui Hotpot Restaurant, situated next to the city’s Great Southern Mosque, removed its prominent ornamental golden domes and the Arabic script on its sign by May 2016. By July 2022, images from Baidu Maps’ street view indicated that all mentions of halal had vanished from the storefront’s branding.
+
+Before 2017, this was a common practice for buildings located near prominent mosques (as was the case with those buildings surrounding Yinchuan’s Nanguan Mosque), or areas with a strong Hui heritage.
+
+Often, the adoption of these Islamic architectural motifs was a deliberate choice on the part of the local authorities to promote their regions as destinations for foreign businesses or tourism. Renovations to city districts to remove architecture intended to celebrate Islamic heritage have taken place in Hohhot, Jilin, and cities throughout Ningxia (most notably, Yinchuan). In Linxia, the local government reported the removal of Islamic decorative elements from the roofs of 14 multi-storey buildings, in addition to a widespread campaign that replaced almost 1,000 shop signs with Arabic elements in 2018.
+
+As with other aspects of the campaign, different provinces have implemented different timetables for Sinicizing mosque architecture. Mosques in Ningxia were Sinicized first — roughly between 2018-2020 — in keeping with the broader identification of Ningxia as a priority destination for Sinicization work. The campaign was subsequently implemented across the country. Several major mosques in Yunnan were among the last targeted, only undergoing Sinicization in late 2023. Much of the architectural work to renovate mosques was completed during Covid-19 lockdowns, when mosques were formally closed to worshippers. Within this broader pattern, however, authorities have worked to carefully prepare plans for renovations to mosques of particular size or historic significance to Muslim communities across China.
+
+As of 2024, analysis suggests that all major mosques across China have now been Sinicized. A Financial Times satellite survey from 2023 found that three-quarters of the 2,132 mosques identified as having ‘Arabic’ elements had been modified or destroyed. Whilst the differing implementation timetables, and indeed the cost, scale, and complexity of the work required, mean that it is possible that some smaller mosques remain unaffected to date, it can be anticipated that ultimately all mosques in China deemed to have unacceptable architectural features will be subject to renovation.
+
+In the earliest stages of the campaign, renovations were often crude. Given the political weight placed on the Three Transformations campaign and the definition of mosque rectification work as part of combatting extremism, authorities moved fast to renovate mosques, with little concern for the quality of work done or the state in which mosques were left. Domes and other unacceptable elements were simply torn off, sometimes in a manner so blunt that extensive damage was done to the remaining fabric of the mosque. Numerous photographs from this time period show domes stripped off mosques and simply left lying in the courtyards below. In the case of a newly refurbished mosque in Zheqiao, Gansu, the 2019 operation to remove its dome, minarets, and decorative elements to its doors and windows effectively destroyed the mosque itself. Residents were warned not to circulate images or videos of the damaged mosques. Some who posted longer videos of the demolition and damage done to the mosque were later arrested for doing so.
+
+Early mosque Sinicization work also overlapped substantially with the moves to close or demolish mosques “lacking the correct permissions” (未批先建清真寺) and other unregistered religious venues (see 7.0 Mosque Closures). In August 2018, for instance, the local government moved to demolish Weizhou Grand Mosque in Ningxia on the grounds that it had constructed an extension that exceeded the scope of the building permits it had obtained for the work. Following fierce opposition and protests that attracted international attention, the government backed down from the plan to demolish the mosque. However, after defusing the protest, the mosque was later Sinicized, with pagoda roofs replacing its domes.
+
+As the campaign has progressed, forced renovations have moved towards replacing ‘Arabic’ features with Chinese equivalents. As most mosques are not rebuilt wholesale — and indeed the wood-built traditional mosques held up as models to emulate are much more expensive to build — renovation often means simply replacing domes with tiled roofs and capping off shortened minarets. The resulting hybrid mosques, with their original walls unchanged, are stylistically awkward, with little harmony between original design and the new impositions. Standards for what aspects of architectural design are considered acceptable vary considerably. In a tender for renovations to a mosque in Ningxia in 2022, in addition to stating that the proposed buildings should be traditionally Chinese in style, the call also stated that the exterior colour of the mosque should be adjusted to remove any green elements. This stands in contrast to guidelines issued for mosque renovations in Hualong, Qinghai, which stated that renovations to the nine local ‘Arabic-style’ mosques should be “practical, economic, green [Islamic] and beautiful.” In one exceptional case in Jinan, even party-approved slogans in Arabic failed to meet standards of appropriateness. The outer wall of the Chinese-style Great Southern Mosque of Jinan bore the party slogan “Love Your Country, Love Your Faith” in calligraphic Arabic. However, after Sinicization, the script was hastily removed and replaced by the Twelve Core Socialist Values in Chinese (see photos on following page).
+ 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 
diff --git a/content/Urumqi_During_Sha_ban__Part_Two__Hui_Muslim_Food_and_Community_Photo_Notes.md b/content/Urumqi_During_Sha_ban__Part_Two__Hui_Muslim_Food_and_Community_Photo_Notes.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b347efb2cb3a0aae77dfdde812dcba0492b5723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Urumqi_During_Sha_ban__Part_Two__Hui_Muslim_Food_and_Community_Photo_Notes.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+title: "Urumqi During Sha'ban, Part Two: Hui Muslim Food and Community Photo Notes"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2644"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/2644"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:42Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "7c1b917a647c95b790f3fea5d40c16c9d0689943583c373be963e6098c8a324a"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Urumqi During Sha'ban, Part Two: Hui Muslim Food and Community Photo Notes
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This short second part of the Urumqi Sha'ban travel note is primarily a photo continuation from the local Hui Muslim food and community visit. It preserves the source's image sequence and article structure without adding details that were not present in the Chinese source.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zf4ib1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kp5kc7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/04k3zo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5glioe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gxqanf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uh5yp1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/votchd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/prd0lo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ruans7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uwm77q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q3ry6d.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Urumqi_Hui_Muslim_Banquet__Xinjiang_Halal_Food_and_Local_Muslim_Culture.md b/content/Urumqi_Hui_Muslim_Banquet__Xinjiang_Halal_Food_and_Local_Muslim_Culture.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..05df24ac19fda64fafb9ff5ca90a8a95dc72c9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Urumqi_Hui_Muslim_Banquet__Xinjiang_Halal_Food_and_Local_Muslim_Culture.md
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+---
+title: "Urumqi Hui Muslim Banquet: Xinjiang Halal Food and Local Muslim Culture"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1857"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1857"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:41Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "f3b94dd4a7bb2153b441c6d68711d4a8028cef89789efcfc8e58ff515428ed04"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Urumqi Hui Muslim Banquet: Xinjiang Halal Food and Local Muslim Culture
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Urumqi Hui Muslim Banquet: Xinjiang Halal Food and Local Muslim Culture. On January 24, 2020, I attended a welcome banquet at Zainab's home in Urumqi and met her extended family. Next, I will share with everyone what we ate at this banquet. It is useful for readers interested in Urumqi Halal Food, Hui Muslims, Xinjiang Travel.
+
+On January 24, 2020, I attended a welcome banquet at Zainab's home in Urumqi and met her extended family. Next, I will share with everyone what we ate at this banquet.
+
+The food at the banquet was divided into two categories. Before eating the main meal, thirteen small plates were placed on the table containing various dried fruits and snacks, which are called 'thirteen little plates'. After everyone finished chatting, the plates were cleared and replaced with the main courses. Thirteen dishes were served in order, making a total of twenty-six types of food.
+
+**Thirteen little plates**
+
+The pronunciation here is die-die-zi, which is also a common tone combination in the Xinjiang dialect.
+
+First, the list: dried figs, Medina dates mixed with dried apricots (hen), Tatar pastries, Hui Muslim Ma-style snacks, Kazakh kurt (dried yogurt balls), candied walnuts, pistachios, almonds, cashews, melon seeds, dried apricot (hen) skins mixed with tangningningzi (fried dough twists), raisins, and loose sugar.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p7j2a5.jpg)
+
+On the morning of the banquet, the plates were arranged in a room, which is called 'setting the little plates'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/klbhef.jpg)
+
+This is what it looked like after being set.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j9t50d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f49vvc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m9ydri.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1ez4us.jpg)
+
+Candied walnuts made by my mother-in-law; they are sweet.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qk27mi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9hg7mu.jpg)
+
+The dried apricot (hen) skins and tangningningzi were also made by my mother-in-law. Tangningningzi is what Xinjiang Hui Muslims call them; the general term is youguozi (fried dough snacks).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/udhlg6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uiy2u0.jpg)
+
+The figs in Xinjiang are truly incredibly delicious, but fresh ones are only available in the summer. Most of the time, we eat dried figs, which really feel like candy inside.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bpixtd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k4elr7.jpg)
+
+Zainab and I bought Tatar-style cream cakes and walnut pie at the Marhaba Tatar Pastry Shop on Linguan Lane, Heba Third Alley.
+
+The Tatar ethnic group is the smallest ethnic group in China, with only about 3,000 people. Most of the Tatar people in China come from the Kazan Tatars. From the 19th century to the early 20th century, they moved successively from Kazan on the banks of the Volga River to settle in Urumqi, Yining, and Tacheng in Xinjiang. At that time, most of the Tatar people were intellectuals or merchants, and they played an important role in promoting the establishment of modern education in Xinjiang.
+
+Today, many Tatar people in Xinjiang have moved abroad. The places where you can most intuitively experience their culture are the Tatar embroidery shops in Yining and the Tatar pastry shops in Urumqi.
+
+The Tatar pastry shop in Urumqi is located on the site of a former Russian trading port. 100 years ago, this was a place where Russians, Tatars, and various Central Asian merchants traded, somewhat similar to Sanlitun in Beijing. The Tatar pastry shop is also a witness to this history.
+
+Their most classic cake consists of six layers of dough with six layers of cream. The dough is made of milk, eggs, ghee, and honey, without adding water, and it tastes especially fragrant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jbdvhb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lw8j9c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ukn20q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t1lfya.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e1pwk6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j06k9i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4xjw8g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tqf76a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p7i47m.jpg)
+
+Ma-style snacks is one of the most famous traditional Hui Muslim snack shops in Urumqi, and it has been open for over a decade. Zainab's mother also used molds to make them herself when she was a child, but now fewer and fewer Hui Muslims in Urumqi make them themselves.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0h7geg.jpg)
+
+**2. Thirteen dishes**
+
+Meat dishes: braised beef ribs, clear-stewed mutton, fish-drilling-net (fried meat jelly), braised meatballs, cold-dressed chicken, steamed fish
+
+Hot dishes: pickled cabbage with meat, daylily with wood ear mushrooms, celery with lily bulbs, garlic sprouts with meat
+
+Cold dishes: sweet platter, lotus root with wood ear mushrooms (lotus pond moonlight), bean curd skin with red chili
+
+The staple foods were fried youxiang (leavened flatbread), momo (steamed buns), and rice.
+
+The presentation looked like this:
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/am7761.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/acyqrt.jpg)
+
+**1. Braised beef ribs**
+
+First, blanch the beef ribs. After they turn white, take them out. Heat oil, add the meat, ginger, a little cinnamon, star anise, and bean paste. Stir-fry for a while, then add fresh chili peppers. After the meat dries out, put it in a pressure cooker and stew for 25 minutes.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1ef0qu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fd27yx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lop0b8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5538b6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6j1glp.jpg)
+
+**2. Clear-stewed mutton**
+
+First, skim off the blood foam, then stew. When serving, sprinkle a little raw onion on top.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ibanvt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ry6qi8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/afacia.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/39wtok.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q8cmce.jpg)
+
+**Braised meatballs**
+
+The beef for the meatballs and the meat jelly was bought at a Uyghur shop in the market across from our residential compound.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o9y2wl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gi0wx8.jpg)
+
+The night before the banquet, we fried the meatballs, and on the morning of the banquet, we braised them.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3pv9ti.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q9x9xy.jpg)
+
+This is what it looked like after being braised the next day.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uefq2j.jpg)
+
+**Fish-drilling-net (fried meat jelly)**
+
+'Fish-drilling-net' is just fried meat jelly. When buying the meat, have the Uyghur uncle grind it into mince (xuanzi). The mince for the meat jelly needs to be finer than that for the meatballs; it must go through the meat grinder twice. The night before the banquet, steam the mince into meat jelly, then slice it. On the morning of the banquet, coat the slices in egg and starch and fry them in a pan. Finally, sprinkle with cumin, chili, and salt.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eb5zbb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o33asp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bt7zz8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xw3i2z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rhfps3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4qr2ih.jpg)
+
+**Cold-dressed chicken**
+
+The cold-dressed chicken was stewed the day before and placed on the windowsill, then dressed on the morning of the banquet. Cold-dressed chicken is actually chicken without the numbing pepper flavor of jiaoma chicken.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u1q4hi.jpg)
+
+The chicken feet and gizzards were picked out and eaten beforehand.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0kopeh.jpg)
+
+The next morning, cut the chicken, add green onions, onions, and chili, then pour chicken broth over it to finish.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mzk2gb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sllixq.jpg)
+
+**Pickled cabbage with meat**
+
+The pickled cabbage was made at home.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o3vacw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6igj85.jpg)
+
+**Sweet platter**
+
+The sweet platter was made the night before and wrapped up, then sprinkled with sugar syrup the next morning.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o04g0n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ogd0ez.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i5seep.jpg)
+
+The next morning, boil the sugar syrup and pour it over.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pd06yt.jpg)
+
+**Fried youxiang**
+
+To fry youxiang, first knead the dough.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e7krt8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oot6yw.jpg)
+
+Zainab and I went out shopping while they were being fried, and they were already done when we returned. Youxiang must be eaten by breaking it apart; you cannot eat it whole. After the banquet, if there is any left over, it can be soaked in various soups, rice noodles, or noodle soups.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s2xx7s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/keo4km.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Urumqi_Hui_Muslim_Home_Cooking_Guide__Everyday_Halal_Food_in_Xinjiang__Part_1.md b/content/Urumqi_Hui_Muslim_Home_Cooking_Guide__Everyday_Halal_Food_in_Xinjiang__Part_1.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08dc1db5f079112e440125475a677b9aee34e6bd
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+++ b/content/Urumqi_Hui_Muslim_Home_Cooking_Guide__Everyday_Halal_Food_in_Xinjiang__Part_1.md
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+---
+title: "Urumqi Hui Muslim Home Cooking Guide: Everyday Halal Food in Xinjiang (Part 1)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1886"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1886"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:54Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "f5578ded16253e34802cf6c03350bb5f04bbb284a29f67c771970e632c77c2f8"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Urumqi Hui Muslim Home Cooking Guide: Everyday Halal Food in Xinjiang (Part 1)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Urumqi Hui Muslim Home Cooking Guide: Everyday Halal Food in Xinjiang (Part 1). On January 22, 2020, Zainab and I returned to Urumqi, where she had lived until she was 18, in a residential compound with over sixty years of history. It is useful for readers interested in Urumqi Food, Hui Muslims, Xinjiang Travel.
+
+On January 22, 2020, Zainab and I returned to Urumqi, where she had lived until she was 18, in a residential compound with over sixty years of history. We originally planned to have a good time in Urumqi, but then Xinjiang launched a Level 1 emergency response on January 25. All restaurants closed, and the residential compound was semi-locked down, so we had to stay at home. During these days of staying at home, my mother-in-law made us delicious food with great variety every day, and we were able to taste all kinds of authentic Hui Muslim home-cooked dishes from Urumqi (Part 1).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xgsoqb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0dw28c.jpg)
+
+The menu of what we ate these past few days is as follows:
+
+**January 22**
+
+Lunch: Four types of banmian (hand-pulled noodles with toppings): celery and meat, pickled cabbage and meat, eggplant and meat, and onion and cherry radish with meat.
+
+Afternoon: Tangfan (noodle soup).
+
+**January 23**
+
+Morning: Milk tea with shredded potatoes, dried chili peppers, and meat.
+
+**January 27**
+
+Morning: Tangningningzi (a type of fried dough twist) soaked in milk.
+
+Lunch: Shredded potato and guoyourou (oil-seared meat) banmian.
+
+Afternoon: Fentang (starch noodle soup).
+
+**January 28**
+
+Lunch: Baobaozi (steamed buns with thin skin).
+
+Afternoon: Bantang (a thick noodle soup).
+
+**January 29**
+
+Lunch: Lamb leg zhuafan (pilaf).
+
+Afternoon: Tangfan with nang (flatbread).
+
+**January 30**
+
+Lunch: Mayezi (fried sesame dough crisps) and egg sanzi (deep-fried dough twists).
+
+Afternoon: Chive pockets and homemade yogurt.
+
+**January 31**
+
+Afternoon: Fried menzi (steamed meat paste) and pickled cabbage with vermicelli.
+
+**February 1**
+
+Afternoon: Dapanji (big plate chicken).
+
+**February 2nd**
+
+Morning: Milk tea with soaked nang and steamed youxiang (fried dough).
+
+Afternoon: Onion and lamb fat meat dumplings.
+
+**January 22**
+
+The first meal back in Urumqi, four types of banmian: celery and meat, onion and cherry radish, eggplant and meat, and pickled cabbage and meat—delicious. This time, the latiaozi (hand-pulled noodles) were made using the 'panzi mian' method, where the dough is rolled out and then coiled to rest.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/so908w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gk2fdw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ei72n4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/heix05.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u1g484.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3j79a9.jpg)
+
+The tangfan we had in the afternoon was made with mianqizi (small square dough pieces), not hand-torn dough pieces, so it was quite simple.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aa7vdn.jpg)
+
+**January 23**
+
+Woke up in the morning to boil milk tea using special brick tea, served with shredded potatoes, dried chili peppers, meat, and steamed buns.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tlquhj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w2n5j8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2k9tgt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o4jhjj.jpg)
+
+**January 27**
+
+Breakfast included milk, jiaomaji (peppery chicken), steamed youxiang, and tianpanzi (sweet dish). A particularly tasty way to eat is soaking tangningningzi in milk.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yq3ktk.jpg)
+
+At noon, my mother-in-law taught me how to make latiaozi. Urumqi Hui Muslims make latiaozi in two ways: 'panzi mian' and 'zhangzi mian'. Panzi mian is the coiled method like the Uyghurs use, while this time we made the simpler zhangzi mian.
+
+**First, knead the dough.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qmlwqz.jpg)
+
+Knead the dough to this consistency; you have to judge how much water to add by feel, don't add too much at once.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sa8abc.jpg)
+
+Cover the dough with a basin to let it rest. After resting for a while, the outside will become smooth, and then you start kneading it again. Kneading needs to be done three times, with about ten minutes of resting in between, until the surface is completely smooth. You can prepare the banmian toppings while the dough rests. Next is rolling the dough, roll it to the thickness of a finger, then brush with oil, and cover with the basin again.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tgv9bq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xs8z0d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zby8xc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/coy2wx.jpg)
+
+Wait until the banmian toppings are ready before cutting the dough; cut only as much as you will eat. After cutting, roll it thin, stretch it out, slap it on the cutting board, and finally toss it into the pot. A dish of Xinjiang zhangzi mian is finished.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e3vob2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0vtb3v.jpg)
+
+We ate two types of banmian: guoyourou and shredded potatoes. The guoyourou is a home version, not the restaurant version. First sear the meat in oil, then add chili peppers, then onions, and you can also add cabbage. For the shredded potatoes, you must add meat, dried chili peppers, and tomatoes; the tomatoes eventually melt into a sauce and disappear.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i5esl3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u9l3or.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v31y29.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b14qjk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5duttd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yn7fmv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fj8zb7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zglxkm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0814dz.jpg)
+
+We had fentang for dinner. The first step is to stir-fry the meat slices, then add garlic, then green onions, dried chili peppers, and tomatoes, then add various vegetables; you can mix and match vegetables as you like. Next, add the lamb broth that was previously stewed and frozen. After the broth melts, add pea starch jelly cubes, then add the large chunks of previously stewed lamb, and finally add pepper and cilantro for flavor. The most classic pairing for fentang is youxiang. After eating the lamb, break open the youxiang and soak it in the fentang; that is the authentic Urumqi Hui Muslim lifestyle.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7rxfky.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gq14z7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x9e380.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0dxph7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yxrv1o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yk7zds.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nc68os.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yosg9f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/icxie1.jpg)
+
+**January 28**
+
+Woke up in the morning and had a bowl of fentang with youxiang, very delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xis3zp.jpg)
+
+At noon, we made baobaozi with onion and meat filling, and finally sprinkled with pepper powder.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7af4ns.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gff4rh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dbm26q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pri6w5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ihauy1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nbwalt.jpg)
+
+In the evening, we had bantang. The method is similar to tangfan, but instead of tearing dough pieces, you just rub the dough with your hands and drop it into the pot. Also, anything liquid can be soaked with nang!
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pj2s6a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5ygwwy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4n1zhm.jpg)
+
+**January 29**
+
+We were having zhuafan for lunch, so I went out in the morning to buy front leg meat at the entrance of the compound. Nowadays, front legs come with ribs attached; you can't buy just the front leg. Some shops have very fatty ribs, so you have to choose carefully.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3dlraj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vk7tc0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jrto8o.jpg)
+
+Then I also bought dried chili peppers; Xinjiang home cooking basically requires them.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g8zng9.jpg)
+
+**This is the most expensive kind.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b137rj.jpg)
+
+**This is the cheapest kind.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ejb5qh.jpg)
+
+**Went home and cut the front leg and ribs.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/400nbr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i1rfl5.jpg)
+
+First fry the onions, and after the onions are charred, sprinkle with large-grain salt, then add the meat. After the meat darkens in color, use another pot to stir-fry the carrots and yellow carrots. After the carrots and meat are charred, spread the meat over the carrots, add sugar, then spread the rice over the meat (we had too much meat this time, so it wasn't spread perfectly), cover and simmer for forty minutes, and it's done.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/go44uw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xrifib.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/akd7cn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/klz003.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/laoqkj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/b1tcgq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h2bdvv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fvnldp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gjbeac.jpg)
+
+**January 30**
+
+A new day starts with a pot of milk tea.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7udw3j.jpg)
+
+On the left is the dough made with eggs for egg sanzi, and on the right is the dough made with sesame for mayezi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t1alul.jpg)
+
+For egg sanzi, first knead the dough with eggs, let it rest, roll it thin with a large rolling pin, then use a 'gong-gong-zi' (a special grooved rolling tool) to cut it into strips, coiling them as you cut. After cutting, deep-fry in oil, and sprinkle with granulated sugar when finished.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wi1mmp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8897qm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wlp925.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ylxpu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4pxw47.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vpimoi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xqclc9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4bhqtg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kqbp60.jpg)
+
+Urumqi Hui Muslim version of mayezi: knead the dough with sesame, roll it thin with a rolling pin, use a 'gong-gong-zi' to cut into quadrilaterals, and deep-fry in oil.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4yus0j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ly1uo1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uzajnt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h9qj1j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t0c1lp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l74ea7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/edf07n.jpg)
+
+Fresh milk bought at the compound entrance; drink the milk skin first, and scoop out a portion of the milk below to make yogurt.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qwvqu8.jpg)
+
+The milk is from cows raised by Hui Muslims in Cangfanggou, Urumqi. The Uyghur uncle at the compound entrance sells both milk and nang.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gpktib.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/saqsou.jpg)
+
+The starter is Xiyuchun brand old yogurt; when eating, I sprinkled it with dried mulberries and raisins.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/e266ns.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3mj79v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nykr21.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qavdvg.jpg)
+
+Urumqi Hui Muslim version of chive pockets, with chives, dried shrimp, ginger, and scrambled eggs as the filling. Using an electric griddle makes it a bit dry.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w5657j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/38eri7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qbaa0q.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g0kyax.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kjndhf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2299m8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hrxd84.jpg)
+
+Ate using a family heirloom porcelain plate made in Ukraine in 1926, instantly transported back to a Hui Muslim home in the southern gate of Dihua city a hundred years ago.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bzru8w.jpg)
+
+Served with corn grits added with crushed walnuts.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pn82c7.jpg)
+
+**January 31**
+
+Urumqi Hui Muslim banquet dish 'Fish Drilling Through the Net', which is fried menzi.
+
+Bought meat at the market near home before the New Year and had it ground into filling. The filling for menzi needs to go through the meat grinder twice, finer than that for meatballs. After returning home, steam the filling into menzi, then slice it. When cooking, coat the menzi with egg and starch, deep-fry it, and finally sprinkle with cumin, chili powder, and salt.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o9y2wl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gi0wx8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eb5zbb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o33asp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bt7zz8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xw3i2z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rhfps3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/34tfyb.jpg)
+
+Pickled cabbage and vermicelli made with homemade pickled cabbage.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o3vacw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6igj85.jpg)
+
+**February 1**
+
+Preparation for dapanji: thaw and cut the chicken, add green onion segments, ginger slices, and garlic; knead the dough, roll it out, and brush with oil; peel potatoes and soak dried chili peppers in water.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3rugxs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4t7ltb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yb62z7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cl91oc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wushgu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iby2qz.jpg)
+
+Stir-fry the cleaned chicken in a pot, adding salt, Sichuan peppercorn powder, seasonings, soy sauce, tomato paste, dried chili peppers, garlic, and potatoes in order. Because we bought a layer hen, we had to use a pressure cooker after stir-frying; if it were a young chicken, it wouldn't be necessary. Put eight spoonfuls of water in the pressure cooker, taking eighteen minutes. After eating the chicken for a while, add the 'belt noodles' (wide hand-pulled noodles), which should soak up the dapanji sauce.
+
+The secret to our family's dapanji is the seasoning made from over ten types of spices, a recipe left by Zainab's great-uncle. After making it, the dapanji absolutely has no raw taste, only fragrance.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xbl9cx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yssc6i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aqztu9.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Urumqi_Hui_Muslim_Home_Cooking_Guide__Everyday_Halal_Food_in_Xinjiang__Part_2.md b/content/Urumqi_Hui_Muslim_Home_Cooking_Guide__Everyday_Halal_Food_in_Xinjiang__Part_2.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8486287aea4345171a98e3c750ed1a817c98bdda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Urumqi_Hui_Muslim_Home_Cooking_Guide__Everyday_Halal_Food_in_Xinjiang__Part_2.md
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+---
+title: "Urumqi Hui Muslim Home Cooking Guide: Everyday Halal Food in Xinjiang (Part 2)"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1885"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1885"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:54Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "022e6d36d752989680dcb05b00945142106d60b14e8973c7bcf0d60457aaf5fa"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Urumqi Hui Muslim Home Cooking Guide: Everyday Halal Food in Xinjiang (Part 2)
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Urumqi Hui Muslim Home Cooking Guide: Everyday Halal Food in Xinjiang (Part 2). A new day begins with milk tea soaked with nang (flatbread). It is useful for readers interested in Urumqi Food, Hui Muslims, Xinjiang Travel.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h6qa5l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d0pb1o.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6wevue.jpg)
+
+**February 2nd**
+
+A new day begins with milk tea soaked with nang (flatbread).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u40mmt.jpg)
+
+The picture below shows steamed youxiang (fried dough), though we usually make the steamed version when there is no feast; like the fried version, it must be broken by hand to be eaten.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eaa50s.jpg)
+
+There is a saying: 'dumplings for departure, noodles for return,' and today we are making dumplings with piyazi (onion) and meat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/psmavh.jpg)
+
+Rendering lamb tail fat, and once it is ready, adding it into the filling.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xqolt1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/62nlwo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n549ux.jpg)
+
+Then I used the lamb tail fat to make chili oil, a delicious companion for the dumplings.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zdnkpk.jpg)
+
+I made three kinds: celery, lentils, and cabbage; the meat is a mix of lamb and beef, and every filling has piyazi and lamb fat in it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m9mz56.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z5o1ry.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/huvdi4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xptb93.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4rwnie.jpg)
+
+Appendix: A century-old Soviet porcelain plate.
+
+With the help of my neighbors, I found out the origin of the few porcelain plates left behind by Grandma Zainab! It turns out they were produced by the Budyansky Faience Factory in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine, between 1926 and 1928, so they are nearly 100 years old now. Grandma was born in 1928, so these plates were likely bought by her father in Urumqi back then; they can be considered a witness to the history of Urumqi. I have been using these plates to eat for the past few days, and now I feel a bit differently about them.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7nfj1i.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mu9mtk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cyha0j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rz9p2h.jpg)
+
+**The stone-lens glasses left behind by Grandpa Zainab.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eel30c.jpg)
+
+I am heading back to Beijing, and I will always miss my home in Urumqi.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w7bovf.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Urumqi_Hui_Muslims_in_Republican_China__History__Photos_and_Muslim_Life.md b/content/Urumqi_Hui_Muslims_in_Republican_China__History__Photos_and_Muslim_Life.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d94603178269029245c5357c9afa6e9d8b51c7d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Urumqi_Hui_Muslims_in_Republican_China__History__Photos_and_Muslim_Life.md
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+---
+title: "Urumqi Hui Muslims in Republican China: History, Photos and Muslim Life"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1953"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1953"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:00Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui History"
+content_hash: "701fcad8bde4d3111b1d371b6e15e758b3a1884e31ff68de971c8e106219eeba"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Urumqi Hui Muslims in Republican China: History, Photos and Muslim Life
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** Urumqi Hui Muslims in Republican China: History, Photos and Muslim Life is presented here as a firsthand travel account in clear English, beginning with this scene: I recently bought an interesting book called Urumqi Anecdotes (Wulumuqi Zhanggu). It made the Urumqi of a hundred years ago feel much more alive to me. The account keeps its focus on Urumqi History, Hui Muslims, Xinjiang while preserving the names, places, food, and historical details from the Chinese source.
+
+I recently bought an interesting book called Urumqi Anecdotes (Wulumuqi Zhanggu). It made the Urumqi of a hundred years ago feel much more alive to me.
+
+**Table of Contents**
+
+**1. The camel caravan of Hui Muslim Yang Zhong, whose ancestral home was Xi'an.**
+
+**2. The open-air teahouse run by Hui Muslim master Han Shila.**
+
+**3. The cold starch noodles (liangpi) made by Hui Muslim master Han Youcai, whose ancestral home was Qinghai.**
+
+4. The fermented oat porridge (tianpeizi) from Hui Muslim master Shan.
+
+**5. The cold mixed starch sheet noodles (liangban fenpi) from Hui Muslim master Yang Hengkui, whose ancestral home was Fengxiang, Shaanxi.**
+
+**6. The leaf-shaped noodle shop (yezimian guan) run by Hui Muslim master Liu Wanchun, whose ancestral home was Xi'an.**
+
+**7. The egg fermented rice soup (jidan laozhao) and tofu pudding (doufunao) from Hui Muslim master Ma.**
+
+**8. The cured mutton (la yangrou) from Hui Muslim master Zhou, known as Fatty Sanwa (Pang Sanwa).**
+
+**9. The yogurt (suannai zi) and shaved ice (xuehua liang) from Hui Muslim master Ding Wanfu.**
+
+**10. The crystal cake (jingjing gao) from Hui Muslim master She Yafang, whose ancestral home was Lantian, Shaanxi.**
+
+**11. The spiced cured lamb hooves (hu la yangti) from Hui Muslim master Mu Laoba, whose ancestral home was Tianjin.**
+
+**12. The crispy fried dough cakes (paopao yougao) from Hui Muslim master Shan Yun.**
+
+**13. The oil tea (youcha) with fried dough twists (you mahua) from Hui Muslim master Ma Laohan.**
+
+**14. The cured lamb bones (la yang gutou) from Hui Muslim master Sha Tianning, whose ancestral home was Xi'an.**
+
+**15. The lamb offal soup (yangzasui tang) with fried dough twists (mahua) from Hui Muslim master Sha.**
+
+**16. The Xinjiang cold noodles (liangmian) from Hui Muslim master Ma Wenyi.**
+
+**17. The rolled fried milk (gunjian niunai) from Hui Muslim master He Cai, whose ancestral home was Xi'an.**
+
+**18. The braised lamb head (lu yangtou) from Hui Muslim master Li Furen.**
+
+**19. The beef with garlic (niurou bansuan) from the Hui Muslim brothers of the Old Bao family.**
+
+**20. The peppercorn chicken (jiaoma ji) from Hui Muslim master Song.**
+
+**21. The layered steamed bread (youtazi) from Hui Muslim master Qi Fengming.**
+
+**22. The lamb meat (yanggao rou) from Hui Muslim master Wuwuzi.**
+
+**23. The Zhongyiguan Restaurant founded by Hui Muslim master Ma Dawu, whose ancestral home was Shaanxi.**
+
+**24. The Tiger Restaurant (Laohu Guanzi) run by Hui Muslim master Jia Shijun, whose ancestral home was Xi'an.**
+
+**25. The halal pastry shop (qingzhen dianxin pu) run by Hui Muslim master She Wenbing, whose ancestral home was Lantian, Shaanxi.**
+
+**26. The Zhenxinglong Water Mill (shuimo) opened by Hui Muslim Yang Zhenchun, whose ancestral home was Linxia, Gansu.**
+
+**27. The Hui Muslim electrician Ma Hailong, whose ancestral home was Gangu County, Tianshui, Gansu.**
+
+**28. The Starch Noodle Street (Fentiao Jie) outside the South Gate of Urumqi.**
+
+**29. Ningxia Bay, located east of the South Gate (Nanguan) in Urumqi.**
+
+**30. Imam (Ahong) Ma Liangjun.**
+
+**31. The Wanxinglong Halal Chinese and Western Pastry Shop opened by Hui Muslim manager Ma Wanxiao.**
+
+**32. The cured mutton in steamed buns (la yangrou jia zhengmo) from Hui Muslim master Nian Shenghua.**
+
+**33. The date crystal cake (zaojing gao) of the Urumqi Hui Muslims.**
+
+**34. The steamed bun shop (momo fang) of Hui Muslim Cai Huasheng, whose ancestral home was Xi'an.**
+
+**35. The Dazishizi Mutton Pita Soup (yangrou paomo) restaurant opened in the 1950s.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bknng4.jpg)
+
+**1. The camel caravan of Hui Muslim Yang Zhong, whose ancestral home was Xi'an.**
+
+Master Yang Zhong was a Hui Muslim from Xi'an. He walked from Xi'an to Urumqi for two and a half years around 1880 and spent over 40 years running a camel transport business in Urumqi. Master Yang Zhong had nearly a hundred fat and strong camels, and he also owned his own camel farm and fodder yard in Jinjiawan, Xiaodongliang, Urumqi. Yang Zhong's camel caravan mainly transported passengers and goods from Urumqi to Kashgar, Yining, Tacheng, and Altay, with occasional business to Hohhot. When his camels were grazing in the distance, they would automatically return to the camp if they saw the tents being taken down, and at night, the lead camel would stop automatically if it could not hear the camel bells behind it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v15h35.jpg)
+
+**2. The open-air teahouse run by Hui Muslim master Han Shila.**
+
+Master Han Shila set up a stall to sell tea at various temple fairs in Urumqi, using a high-roofed shelter with long tables and high stools. He served Hunan dark tea (fuzhuan) and brick tea in large porcelain pots, and brewed West Lake Longjing, Yunnan Pu'er, Anhui Qimen, and the Hunan smoked tea that Hui Muslims love in lidded bowls (gaiwancha). He used sweet, clear spring water from the Tianshan Mountains to brew the tea and a copper stove similar to a hot pot, called a samovar (shamawa), to boil the water. He also provided Soviet sugar cubes, black melon seeds, peanuts, dried fruits, and the longan and red dates that Hui Muslims use to make three-ingredient tea (sanpaotai). When refilling tea, Master Han Shila practiced the 'snowflake covering the top' technique, which meant lifting the copper pot high behind or above the customer's head to pour water into the bowl. Just as it was about to overflow, he would flick his right wrist, and the spout would stop dripping completely, clean and precise.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/09czz5.jpg)
+
+**3. The cold starch noodles (liangpi) made by Hui Muslim master Han Youcai, whose ancestral home was Qinghai.**
+
+Han Youcai was born in the 1910s. His grandfather came to Urumqi from Qinghai in his early years and made a living selling cold starch noodles (liangpi), and now the family is in its third generation. By the 1930s, when he was in his 20s, Han Youcai was already well-known to the people of Urumqi, and he continued his business for over 50 years until the 1980s. Han Youcai carried a liangpi stall on his shoulders to sell along the street all year round. In winter, steam rose from both ends of his carrying pole; the liangpi sat on a steamer, and the vinegar sauce was kept in a copper pot, giving hot liangpi a unique flavor. In the summer, he also sold cold jelly noodles (liangfen), using a scraper to press the jelly blocks into round noodles, making and selling them on the spot.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6qqnfd.jpg)
+
+4. The fermented oat porridge (tianpeizi) from Hui Muslim master Shan.
+
+In the 1930s and 1940s, it was very popular in Urumqi to eat fermented glutinous rice (tianpeizi) in the summer. At that time, Master Dan, who worked near the Caishen Tower in the Nanguan area of Urumqi, had the best business. He carried a large porcelain basin of tianpeizi on his shoulders, covered with white gauze, and sold it along the street. When selling, he would serve the tianpeizi in small porcelain bowls, half wheat grains and half soup.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4q8z98.jpg)
+
+**5. The cold mixed starch sheet noodles (liangban fenpi) from Hui Muslim master Yang Hengkui, whose ancestral home was Fengxiang, Shaanxi.**
+
+Master Yang's cold noodle shop in the Nanguan area of Urumqi was famous throughout the city from the 1930s to the 1950s. To make the cold noodles, he used high-quality mung bean flour to create noodles that were both white and thin. Various condiments like chili oil, garlic oil, sesame paste, mustard oil, Sichuan peppercorn oil, vinegar sauce infused with black cardamom, and chopped tender celery were all served in large red flower-patterned bowls. Master Yang used nine-inch large flat plates to serve the noodles, mixed with various seasonings, making them smooth and refreshing to eat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eqizw5.jpg)
+
+**6. The leaf-shaped noodle shop (yezimian guan) run by Hui Muslim master Liu Wanchun, whose ancestral home was Xi'an.**
+
+Liu Wanchun's great-grandfather, Liu Gong, and his brother Liu Ping came to Urumqi from Xi'an around 1860 to run a halal snack business, and Liu Wanchun was the fourth generation. Liu Wanchun's leaf noodle (yezimian) shop was located near the poultry market outside the Great West Gate of Urumqi and stayed open until the public-private partnership reform in 1956. After 1956, Liu Wanchun served as the manager of the Urumqi Catering Service Company's cooperative canteen and passed away in the 1960s. Liu Wanchun knew how to make thousand-layer oil cakes, sugar twists, fried dough cakes, various pastries, and cold noodles, and was especially skilled at making leaf noodles and wontons. Leaf noodles, also called alkaline noodles (jianmian), were hand-rolled to be one centimeter wide, very thin, and translucent, and were taken out of the pot as soon as the water boiled. The soup was made by boiling chicken and lamb bones with galangal, black cardamom, fennel, Sichuan peppercorn, and ginger skin, resulting in a delicious flavor. He would then pour a topping made of diced lamb and mushrooms over the noodles, which everyone loved.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zenezz.jpg)
+
+**7. The egg fermented rice soup (jidan laozhao) and tofu pudding (doufunao) from Hui Muslim master Ma.**
+
+Master Ma was very tall and wore a small black mustache. Every morning, he carried a fermented rice wine (laozao) stall to set up in front of the Gao Jiwang grocery store at Erdaoqiao in Nanguan (now South Heping Road). He also sold fried dough twists (mahua) and his only call was 'Laozao is boiling'. The fermented rice wine he made was sweet and thick, and adding a swirled egg made it taste even more wonderful. In the afternoon, Master Ma would sell tofu pudding (doufunao) around the Caishen Tower in Nanguan. He kept a small mule at home and ground the tofu himself every day, which was very hard work. The sauce for his tofu pudding was made with lamb broth, containing wood ear mushrooms, cauliflower, vermicelli, and gluten, topped with chili oil and diced pickles, giving it a unique taste.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zvzf8u.jpg)
+
+**8. The cured mutton (la yangrou) from Hui Muslim master Zhou, known as Fatty Sanwa (Pang Sanwa).**
+
+Master Zhou once opened a cured lamb shop near the Caishen Tower in Nanguan. It had two storefronts facing east, specializing in three-leaf bread (sanyebing) stuffed with cured lamb, as well as hand-rolled leaf noodle soup. Old customers always liked to call Master Zhou by his nickname, 'Fat Sanwa,' so the place gradually became known as the Fat Sanwa Restaurant. When a customer wanted cured lamb, Master Zhou would put the cold meat into the three-leaf bread and bake it in an oven. When it came out, the bread was crispy, the meat was fragrant, and it was full of flavor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ccy5s.jpg)
+
+**9. The yogurt (suannai zi) and shaved ice (xuehua liang) from Hui Muslim master Ding Wanfu.**
+
+Before the liberation, Master Ding Wanfu sold yogurt (suannai) near the Caishen Tower in Nanguan using two large red round carrying boxes. Ding Wanfu keeps his own cows and feeds them mostly on oil dregs, which makes the milk rich and creamy. To ferment the yogurt (suannai), cover it tightly and place it on a warm earthen bed (kang) for six or seven hours, making sure to control the temperature. The finished yogurt looks like milk tofu in the bowl, topped with a layer of yellow cream, and it won't spill even if you turn the bowl upside down. In the summer, Master Ding follows tradition to make homemade snowflake cool (xuehualiang), which is a type of ice cream. He puts boiling water, egg whites, sugar, and flavoring into a large white tin bucket, then places that bucket inside a large wooden barrel with a 10-centimeter gap around it filled with ice. He uses a rope to spin the tin bucket, and after two hours of friction, the sugar water inside turns into ice cream. When eating, buy a bowl of yogurt and add a scoop of snowflake cool; it is sweet, sour, cold, and perfect for cooling down. Master Ding calls out while selling: "Ah! It's cold and clears the heat! If it's not cold, it's free! Ah! Come and cool off!" "
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7nfgpz.jpg)
+
+**10. The crystal cake (jingjing gao) from Hui Muslim master She Yafang, whose ancestral home was Lantian, Shaanxi.**
+
+Master She Yafang, whose family is from Lantian, Shaanxi, pushes a clean cart with her husband, Master Ma Yunhua, to sell crystal cakes (jingjinggao), also known as steamed pear cakes (shuligao), and cold fruit slices outside the South Gate of Urumqi, north of the current South Gate Garden. Master She handles the cooking, and Master Ma handles the sales. In winter and spring, the elderly couple makes, steams, and sells them right on the street. The front of the cart has a rectangular crystal-blue wooden box with a glass lid, containing steamed premium rice flour and various fillings like white sugar, banana, rose, hawthorn, and bean paste. The middle of the cart has a stove at the bottom with a round steamer on top. There are four long hollow wooden round molds and one small iron mold; to steam, first put a layer of rice flour on the iron mold, add the sweet filling, then add a layer of light red and light green rice flour, and place the mold over the steam vent. The finished crystal cake is a round, soft pastry that looks like a blooming flower on a small plate; it is soft, sandy, fragrant, and sweet when eaten with a small fork.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/51orec.jpg)
+
+**11. The spiced cured lamb hooves (hu la yangti) from Hui Muslim master Mu Laoba, whose ancestral home was Tianjin.**
+
+Master Mu Laoba is from Tianjin and speaks with an authentic Tianjin accent; he is a chubby, white-haired old man with a handlebar mustache who always speaks politely to elders, which is pleasant to hear. Every noon, Master Mu carries two boxes of spiced lamb trotters (hula yangti) to sell at a fixed spot outside the South Gate market in Urumqi. To make them, he mixes the trotters with soy sauce, salt, rock sugar, long pepper, galangal, cinnamon, cloves, ginger skin, Sichuan peppercorns, fennel, and black cardamom, then simmers them with alternating high and low heat until the meat is tender, falling off the bone, and very fragrant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j91yrq.jpg)
+
+**12. The crispy fried dough cakes (paopao yougao) from Hui Muslim master Shan Yun.**
+
+Master Shan Yun used to sell bubble oil cakes (paopao yougao) outside the West Gate chicken and duck market in Urumqi. The bubble oil cakes in Urumqi are round fried sugar cakes with thin, wing-like edges, about 6 centimeters in diameter and 3 centimeters wide, filled with white sugar, green and red silk, walnuts, and sesame, with a hint of banana flavor; they are crispy on the outside, soft on the inside, and shaped like bubbles, leaving thin, crispy crumbs on your lips when eaten hot. You must master the heat for frying the cakes; Master Shan used to test the oil temperature with his index finger, a skill that beginners need to practice many times to get right.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z33k0m.jpg)
+
+**13. The oil tea (youcha) with fried dough twists (you mahua) from Hui Muslim master Ma Laohan.**
+
+Old Man Ma used to have a stall selling oil tea (youcha) at the South Gate market in Urumqi. His oil tea is made from sheep fat and flour, with raisins, walnuts, roasted peanuts, and chopped sheep tail fat. To make it, he fries the rendered sheep fat with flour until it turns light yellow, pours it into a basin, mixes it with water in a one-to-three ratio, simmers it over low heat, and adds salt, raisins, and other seasonings once it becomes a thin paste. Old Man Ma keeps the oil tea in a large porcelain basin, topped with a few sugar twists (mahua), and keeps it warm over a low flame. He adds the twists as he sells; a bowl of oil tea served in a fine red-flowered porcelain bowl with a twist is fragrant, soft, and delicious, with crunchy peanuts and walnuts.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4epkuy.jpg)
+
+**14. The cured lamb bones (la yang gutou) from Hui Muslim master Sha Tianning, whose ancestral home was Xi'an.**
+
+Master Sha Tianning, originally from Xi'an, sells spiced lamb bones (la yanggutou) every noon at a shop next to the God of Wealth building in the South Gate area of Urumqi. He brings out the steaming, fragrant spiced lamb bones in a large white tin basin. Most customers bring their own enamel basins to buy them. The way to eat spiced lamb bones is to first eat the meat on the bone, then use a chopstick to poke out the bone marrow and suck it out; it is incredibly delicious and leaves a long-lasting aftertaste. Master Sha Tianning uses the Hui Muslim method of braised meat (fenrou). He cuts the lamb rack, washes it, puts it in the pot at once, and simmers it in a spiced broth (lutang) over low heat until the meat is tender, bright in color, and delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uzf9ez.jpg)
+
+**15. The lamb offal soup (yangzasui tang) with fried dough twists (mahua) from Hui Muslim master Sha.**
+
+Master Sha once set up a stall at Nanguan Caishen Louzi to sell lamb offal soup (yangzasui tang). He used a white cloth tent and a large Soviet-style enamel basin filled with soup, kept warm by a smokeless coal stove underneath. A few twisted fried dough sticks (mahua) floated on the steaming soup, and the aroma was mouth-watering. Master Sha braised cleaned lamb head meat, liver, lungs, tripe, heart, and trotters in spiced broth. After cooling, he sliced them into small strips, then soaked them in fresh meat broth over low heat, keeping the soup clear and the meat tender. The twisted fried dough sticks (mahua) soaked in the soup became soft and crispy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bdvva8.jpg)
+
+**16. The Xinjiang cold noodles (liangmian) from Hui Muslim master Ma Wenyi.**
+
+Master Ma Wenyi was known as a chubby young man in his youth. His ancestors made a living by making cold noodles (liangmian), and he ran a cold noodle stall outside Daxi Men in Urumqi from the 1930s to the early 1950s. He used alkaline ash (penghui) to knead the dough, pulling the noodles into even, thin strands that did not break. He paid close attention to the heat when boiling them, ensuring they were firm yet chewy. The oily, yellow noodles (huangmian) arranged on the plate looked like a blooming golden chrysanthemum. The cold noodle sauce used an egg-based vegetarian gravy with celery as a garnish, making the dish look, smell, and taste excellent. Master Ma also served braised lamb offal. If you wanted meat, he would slice a small plate and add some broth to the cold noodles, which was amazing. His stuffed lamb offal sausage was especially rich and delicious. Master Ma Wenyi could prepare the traditional Hui Muslim banquet known as Nine Bowls and Three Rows (jiuwan sanxingzi), as well as the Eight Big Dishes and Four Big Bowls banquets. In 1956, he joined a public-private partnership and worked as a chef at the Urumqi Food Service Company's halal cooperative canteen on Wenyi Road, near the current People's Cinema. He was famous and praised as the King of Cold Noodles in Xinjiang.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q341z5.jpg)
+
+**17. The rolled fried milk (gunjian niunai) from Hui Muslim master He Cai, whose ancestral home was Xi'an.**
+
+Master He Cai, originally from Xi'an and known as Fatty He, was a chubby old man with white hair and a long beard. Before the 1940s, he sold steaming fresh milk at a stall on the southeast corner of the Nanguan Caishen Louzi intersection in Urumqi. Master He went out very early every day to sell milk, and he also had sugar-coated twisted fried dough sticks (mahua) ready. He raised his own cows and sold the milk fresh right after milking. When preparing it, he boiled the milk over low heat, constantly stirring it with a ladle. He served the boiled milk in a bowl with a pinch of salt, and soon a layer of milk skin (naipizi) would form on top. When he was young, Master He carried his milk stall through the streets. His shouting had a strong Shaanxi accent, and his voice was loud, starting with an 'Ai' before calling out 'Gun jian de' (boiling hot).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ef3kr3.jpg)
+
+**18. The braised lamb head (lu yangtou) from Hui Muslim master Li Furen.**
+
+From the 1920s to the 1940s, Master Li Furen pushed a handcart through the streets near the Nanguan Shaomenzi gate in Urumqi every morning at 8 o'clock to sell his goods. The cart's counter was filled with steaming braised lamb head, as well as braised lamb tripe, liver, lungs, trotters, and heart, all smelling delicious. Master Li's braised lamb head broth was delicious, and the meat fell off the bone without falling apart. It included soft meat, bone-in meat, cartilage, and fatty meat. The two lamb eyes were especially like two oil gourds, rich but not greasy. His braised lamb trotters were very tender and smooth. All the lamb offal was cleaned thoroughly, and even his small cart for the braised products was clean and attractive. Master Li would shout, 'Lamb liver!' Lamb lungs! Hey! Lamb head and tripe—', and his calls could be heard throughout the streets and alleys.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ez7rai.jpg)
+
+**19. The beef with garlic (niurou bansuan) from the Hui Muslim brothers of the Old Bao family.**
+
+In the 1940s, the two Lao Bao brothers lived near the Yaowang Temple in the Nanguan area of Urumqi. They made cold noodles (liangpi), lamb offal soup, and other snacks, with beef mixed with garlic being their signature dish. Later, the brothers decided to focus exclusively on selling beef mixed with garlic, operating from a fixed spot at Nanguan Caishen Louzi. Every noon, the brothers filled their handcart with steaming, dark red braised beef, including brisket, head meat, tripe, liver, and trotters. They specifically stacked the braised tripe together, and after it cooled, it formed a round block. When selling, they used a knife to slice it from top to bottom, turning it into tripe shreds. A ceramic jar held minced garlic soaked in high-quality vinegar. When you bought a plate of mixed beef and poured a few spoonfuls of the vinegar and garlic over it, the taste was unforgettable.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n5wy3l.jpg)
+
+**20. The peppercorn chicken (jiaoma ji) from Hui Muslim master Song.**
+
+Master Song lived in Xiaodongliang, Urumqi (now the Heping South Road area). Every day near noon, he would carry his pole and bring the oily, yellow, and bright pepper-numbing chicken (jiaoma ji) he had made to sell at Nanguan Caishen Louzi. Master Song was a short old man, and regular customers jokingly called him Song the Shorty. Master Song chose chickens weighing over a kilogram. After cleaning them, he rubbed Sichuan peppercorn powder and salt over the chicken, marinated it for 20 minutes, and then simmered it in a spiced broth (lutang) over low heat. The broth contained thirteen-spice (shisanxiang). When selling, the chicken's thighs and breasts are split down the middle, which is called the four big pieces. The two wings, the neck, and the tail are divided into four small pieces. Half a basin of braising broth (lutang) is kept warm in a large porcelain basin; in winter, there is a coal fire underneath, and in summer, it is served cold. Master Song uses a small, fine porcelain dish with red flower patterns to serve a chicken thigh, then pours two small spoonfuls of broth over it, making the flavor incredibly rich.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wen0t3.jpg)
+
+**21. The layered steamed bread (youtazi) from Hui Muslim master Qi Fengming.**
+
+Master Qi Fengming's small restaurant is located next to the east side of the City God Temple on West Street in Urumqi, featuring two large storefronts and a workshop in the back. The restaurant serves oil towers (youtazi) and lamb-filled steamed buns (baozi) every morning. Master Qi's oil towers are shaped like small, round oil cakes. When eating, you use chopsticks to peel back the skin and lift it up, revealing thin, translucent, spiral-shaped layers that glisten with oil. Master Qi's hand-pulled noodles (latiaozi) and stir-fried noodles (chaomian) are also very famous. Every noon, the restaurant staff is incredibly busy, and the room is filled with shouts in a Shaanxi accent: 'Two small plates of meat (xiao banjin) coming up!' Stick noodles (gun gun mian)! Twenty small ones! (Two large plates) and one order of stir-fried noodles to go! Make sure to stir-fry them well! The kitchen staff immediately replies, 'Ah!' Coming right up! "
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bjk0a1.jpg)
+
+**22. The lamb meat (yanggao rou) from Hui Muslim master Wuwuzi.**
+
+Li Zhanxiang, known as Wuwuzi, set up a stall to sell cooked lamb at Nanshaomenzi in the Nanguan area of Urumqi (now north of South Jiefang Road). Every morning, he goes to the market to buy sheep, specifically choosing two-year-old lambs. He brings them back to slaughter and clean them himself before boiling them in a pot, selling three or four sheep a day. When a new customer arrives, Wuwuzi cuts two slices of cooked lamb liver, sandwiches a slice of cooked, thin lamb tail fat inside, sprinkles on some salt, and lets the customer taste it before making a sale.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fq11x0.jpg)
+
+I just ate Wuwuzi lamb at Shanxi Alley in Urumqi this past May Day. Wuwuzi's father was named Li Shenghua (Li Liushizi). He started carrying lamb on a shoulder pole to sell at the South Gate of Urumqi in 1907. After the 1980s, Wuwuzi rented a storefront in Shanxi Alley. It has now been passed down for four generations and is recognized as an intangible cultural heritage at the autonomous region level.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t602wy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a5vcfb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1s0u2w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j3e6lp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/miy5dk.jpg)
+
+**23. The Zhongyiguan Restaurant founded by Hui Muslim master Ma Dawu, whose ancestral home was Shaanxi.**
+
+Zhongyiguan Restaurant is located near the Guanyinge Pavilion on the slope of Wangye Temple in Urumqi. It was founded in 1914 by Ma Dawu, who was originally from Shaanxi and was a professionally trained chef specializing in flour-based dishes. The restaurant started with only two earthen bungalows, serving steamed buns, oil towers, hand-pulled noodles, butterfly noodles (die mian—small pieces of dough pinched by hand that look like butterflies flying over the pot), stir-fried noodles, noodle soup, small stir-fry dishes, as well as large and small plates of meat, fried meat slices (jiesha), pork tenderloin, and meatballs. The Guanyinge Temple Fair falls on the 18th day of the third lunar month every year, which is when the restaurant is busiest.
+
+In 1923, the restaurant expanded its dining hall and officially hung up the Zhongyiguan sign. Ma Dawu's sons, Ma Yanfu and Ma Yanlu, also grew up to be famous chefs specializing in both flour and meat dishes. At this time, Zhongyiguan Restaurant began catering banquets, with the most popular dishes being spicy lamb tendons, braised lamb, spicy diced chicken, sweet and sour fish, oil-seared meat (guoyou rou), stir-fried meat slices, pearl gluten, and signature tofu. Zhongyiguan ended the history of Urumqi halal restaurants only serving snacks and became the most famous large halal restaurant in Urumqi. In 1944, Zhongyiguan moved to East Street, and business improved even further until the public-private partnership in 1956.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zh44uc.jpg)
+
+**24. The Tiger Restaurant (Laohu Guanzi) run by Hui Muslim master Jia Shijun, whose ancestral home was Xi'an.**
+
+Master Jia Shijun, originally from Xi'an, started as an apprentice in Xi'an as a teenager. In the late Qing Dynasty, he opened the halal Shiheguan Restaurant in Beiliang, Urumqi. It was later inherited by his son, Jia Shanping, and remained in business until the 1940s. Because Jia Shijun was nicknamed 'Tiger,' the place was also called the Tiger Restaurant. The Tiger Restaurant was famous for its authentic Shaanxi-style cured lamb sandwiches (layangrou jia san ye bing) and lamb pita soup (paomo). For the cured lamb, fresh lamb is first placed in a vat to marinate in salt water, then braised in a pot until it is tender and soft. The three-leaf bread (san ye bing) is made with semi-leavened dough, layered like a thousand-layer cake, seasoned with spices and oil, and then baked. For the lamb pita soup at the Tiger Restaurant, customers could choose any part of the lamb, and Jia Shijun would cook it himself. At that time, most of the chefs and staff at the Tiger Restaurant were Hui Muslims from Shaanxi. As soon as a customer entered, the counter clerk would immediately shout, 'Give them a bowl, for three people!' The waiter would immediately respond, seat the guests, pour tea, and once the order was placed, he would shout to the kitchen in Shaanxi dialect: 'Pita soup!' Three, two with rib meat, and one bowl with the fattier kind. Make it as fast as you can! Fill the car up with gas! The chef immediately replied: 'Coming!' It will be very fast, it will be here in a flash! "
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/be80fz.jpg)
+
+**25. The halal pastry shop (qingzhen dianxin pu) run by Hui Muslim master She Wenbing, whose ancestral home was Lantian, Shaanxi.**
+
+Master She Wenbing, originally from Lantian, Shaanxi, was a famous pastry chef back home. In the 1920s and 1930s, he had a storefront at the northeast corner of the intersection of Toudao Lane and Yucai Lane outside the South Gate of Urumqi. In the 1940s, he moved to the northeast corner of the Caishen Louzi intersection in Nanguan, expanded to two large storefronts, and added a workshop in the back. Master She was skilled at designing and carving pastry molds, making treats that looked, smelled, and tasted wonderful. His fried pastries and sugar-mixed pastries were oily but not greasy, with a rich scallion aroma. Traditional fried dough twists (sanzi) are made by kneading white flour, vegetable oil, eggs, Sichuan peppercorn water, and salt. When frying, you must control the heat so every twist is the same thickness and length, then stack them high on a large tray like a blooming golden chrysanthemum in a flower basket. The rice flour strips (jiangmitiao) Master She made were hollow inside, light, and crispy. Every year during Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Fitr, the pastry shop could not keep up with demand and customers had to place orders in advance. In the 1930s, Master She became close friends with Master Liu Wenjiang from the Jinmen Yongsheng Western Pastry Shop in Urumqi, which is why the flaky Beijing-style pastries (jing bajian) he made were unique among halal pastries.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6c5k5d.jpg)
+
+**26. The Zhenxinglong Water Mill (shuimo) opened by Hui Muslim Yang Zhenchun, whose ancestral home was Linxia, Gansu.**
+
+Yang Zhenxing and his father walked from their hometown of Linxia to Hutubi County around the 1860s, making a living by driving ox carts. Soon they went to Urumqi to transport grain, and around 1888, they built the Zhenxinglong water mill on the canal at Hexi Street in Urumqi, becoming one of the largest and most experienced millers in the city. Besides the original water mill building on Hexi Street, Zhenxinglong later built another one downstream from the West Bridge. Each mill had two stone water-powered millstones running day and night to process flour, with over 10 employees and horse-drawn carriages dedicated to delivering the flour. At that time, farmers in the suburbs were happy to bring their own wheat to Zhenxinglong to be processed into flour.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j4arym.jpg)
+
+**27. The Hui Muslim electrician Ma Hailong, whose ancestral home was Gangu County, Tianshui, Gansu.**
+
+Ma Hailong lived in Ningxiawan, Urumqi, for generations and started making a living driving a carriage at age 15. In 1937, at age 21, Ma Hailong signed up as an apprentice at the Urumqi Xinguang Electric Company, becoming one of the first generation of Hui Muslim electricians in Urumqi. At that time, shops at the Great Cross in Urumqi and many homes outside the city walls wanted to install electric lights. Ma Hailong started by working under his master and soon began working independently. Every day he carried his iron climbing hooks, traveling everywhere and climbing poles, earning him the nickname 'Urumqi's Living Circuit Diagram'.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/41gssa.jpg)
+
+**28. The Starch Noodle Street (Fentiao Jie) outside the South Gate of Urumqi.**
+
+There was a small north-south street east of the South Gate barbican in Urumqi. Most of the businesses on the street were starch workshops run by Hui Muslim masters, so it was also called Starch Noodle Street (fentiao jie). Every house on Starch Noodle Street had a row of wooden racks on the roof. In winter, they hung starch noodles to freeze, and in summer, they dried them. They also made starch blocks (fenkuai) and starch powder (fenmian), all using pure bean starch. Every time Hui Muslims celebrated a holiday, every household ate starch noodle soup (fentang), which required starch blocks. When summer arrived, Starch Noodle Street was full of shops selling snacks like cold starch jelly (liangfen), cold tossed starch sheets (liangban fenpi), and fish-shaped cold jelly (yu liangfen). The most famous person on Starch Noodle Street back then was a Hui Muslim named Guo Yingzhen (known as Guo Laosan), whose starch workshop was the largest and most productive.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qt4y1c.jpg)
+
+**29. Ningxia Bay, located east of the South Gate (Nanguan) in Urumqi.**
+
+Ningxiawan in Urumqi is located east of Nanguan, south of Yaowangmiao Street to Huangcheng Street, and from west of Heijiashan to Zuogong South Road. This area was originally sparsely populated, a large crescent-shaped depression with a canal circling the top, making it suitable for growing all kinds of vegetables. During the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, the Xihai-Gu region of Ningxia suffered a flood, and more than 250 Hui Muslim farmers from two villages migrated to this depression. They cleared the land, grew vegetables, opened handicraft workshops, and did small business to make a living, so people started calling the place Ningxiawan. Hui Muslim vegetable farmers in Ningxiawan included families like Ma Chenglin, Ma Fu, Niu Zhaokui, and Widow Yang. Their hard work made Ningxiawan an important vegetable base for Urumqi, and people in Urumqi were always happy to buy reliable vegetables from Ningxiawan.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bzt2iv.jpg)
+
+**30. Imam (Ahong) Ma Liangjun.**
+
+Imam Ma Liangjun was originally from Zhangjiachuan, Gansu. In 1913, he became the imam of the Shaanxi Great Mosque in Hami. After 1933, he led religious affairs at the Shaanxi Great Mosque, Qinghai Mosque, and Guyuan Mosque in Urumqi, and once served as the General Imam of Hui Muslims in Xinjiang. From 1940 to 1943, Imam Ma Liangjun was imprisoned by Sheng Shicai for three years. In prison, he persisted in writing and authored works such as 'Arabic-Chinese Muhammadan Poetry' and 'Research on the History of Islam'. In prison, Imam Ma shared a cell with the famous film actor Zhao Dan. To take care of Zhao Dan, he shared the daily necessities his family sent into the prison with him, and the two later formed a friendship forged in hardship.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j5ch2t.jpg)
+
+**31. The Wanxinglong Halal Chinese and Western Pastry Shop opened by Hui Muslim manager Ma Wanxiao.**
+
+In 1920, manager Ma Wanxiao opened the Wanxinglong Halal Chinese and Western pastry shop at the east end of Shanxi Lane in Nanguan, Urumqi. It had two large storefronts facing north, and the workshop in the backyard produced goods for direct sale. Wanxinglong hired Yao Zhenghe, a master baker from Yangliuqing, Tianjin, who was trained in the Tianjin style. Because of this, their Chinese pastries were traditional Tianjin-style treats. These included large and small eight-piece pastry sets (da bajian, xiao bajian), sesame flatbreads (zhima bing), sponge cakes (caozi gao), sachima, Furong cakes, seasonal mung bean cakes (lvdou gao), Mid-Autumn mooncakes, and assorted sweet rice balls (yuanxiao). People of all ethnic groups in Urumqi loved to serve these on their tables during holidays. In 1944, Wanxinglong hired Sui Hefu, a Shandong-born master baker who had returned from the Soviet Union. This led to the addition of Russian-style Western halal pastries. This was the first halal pastry shop in Urumqi to sell both Chinese and Western goods.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ma90ns.jpg)
+
+**32. The cured mutton in steamed buns (la yangrou jia zhengmo) from Hui Muslim master Nian Shenghua.**
+
+Master Nian Huasheng, known as Old Nian the Fourth, was a thin, tall man. From the 1930s to the 1950s, he set up a stall every noon in Caishenlou Lane in Nanguan, Urumqi. He pushed a yellow cart carrying a steaming pot of cured lamb (la yangrou) and a pot of steamed leavened lotus leaf buns (heye bing), all covered with white gauze. The cured lamb was made by braising it in a pot with high-quality soy sauce, Sichuan peppercorns, star anise, cloves, cinnamon, ginger skin, and black pepper, all wrapped in white gauze. He would cut the cured lamb into small pieces, tuck them into the steamed lotus leaf buns, and drizzle a little braising broth over them. It tasted soft, fresh, tender, and fatty without being greasy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rxff71.jpg)
+
+**33. The date crystal cake (zaojing gao) of the Urumqi Hui Muslims.**
+
+In the early years, many Hui Muslims pushed carts through the streets and alleys of Urumqi selling date crystal cakes (zaojing gao). They kept them covered with white gauze and called out, 'Hey... date crystal cakes... hey, white sugar date crystal cakes...' In summer, people loved these cold, sweet, and sticky cakes, especially around the Dragon Boat Festival. Date crystal cakes were made with high-quality glutinous rice, large red dates, raisins, walnut kernels, and shredded green and red candied fruit (qinghong si). First, the glutinous rice was soaked in cold water for a day or two, with frequent water changes. Then, it was steamed in a basket until it became a cake. The soaked red dates, raisins, crushed walnut kernels, and glutinous rice cake were mixed evenly and spread out. After cooling, green and red candied fruit was sprinkled on top. When eating, people would add white sugar or syrup.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v08q73.jpg)
+
+**34. The steamed bun shop (momo fang) of Hui Muslim Cai Huasheng, whose ancestral home was Xi'an.**
+
+In the 1920s and 1930s, Master Cai Huasheng ran a large food shop on Beiliang in Urumqi that specialized in various steamed buns (momo). It had a large storefront facing north and a workshop in the back. They sold hot steamed buns (re zhengmo), twisted rolls (huajuan), deep-fried sugar twists (tang mahua), fried dough cakes (youxiang), ox-tongue pastries (niushe bing), dry flour flatbreads (guokui), fried flatbreads (you guokui), gourd-shaped flatbreads (hulu guokui), flaky pastries (yousu mo), and flowering steamed buns (kaihua mo). From morning until night, the shop was filled with steam and a constant stream of customers.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/02cpkw.jpg)
+
+**35. The Dazishizi Mutton Pita Soup (yangrou paomo) restaurant opened in the 1950s.**
+
+In 1955, the Urumqi Catering Company opened a state-run lamb pita bread soup (yangrou paomo) restaurant south of the road east of Dashizi. It had three large flat-roofed storefronts, with a dining hall in the front and a kitchen in the back. The restaurant hired several highly skilled Hui Muslim masters from Xi'an, including Ma Fengming, who managed the braised bread, He Chengwen, who made dry flour flatbreads in a special oven, and Ma Junliang and An Shiquan, who served customers. Before eating, the waiter would bring a small dish of pickled garlic, chili sauce, and cilantro. Customers would then wash their hands and break the dry flour flatbread into small pieces—the smaller, the better. The finished lamb pita bread soup was served in a large bowl containing fatty and lean lamb slices, flatbread, and vermicelli. When eating, it was important to 'nibble like a silkworm.' You shouldn't stir the bowl; instead, you had to eat from the edges toward the center, bite by bite, to fully enjoy the flavor.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xyi3iw.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Xi_an_Muslim_Quarter_Halal_Food_Guide__Hui_Muslim_Streets_and_Local_Snacks.md b/content/Xi_an_Muslim_Quarter_Halal_Food_Guide__Hui_Muslim_Streets_and_Local_Snacks.md
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..922dd1021e3a1e1dd33f1fc2f1216b53ad958b8b
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@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+---
+title: "Xi'an Muslim Quarter Halal Food Guide: Hui Muslim Streets and Local Snacks"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1869"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1869"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:01:22Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "10cf2ef4a4ca7c59a39d4b4232118faae7c51ef1e9007384e7c6f6402f9c466a"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Xi'an Muslim Quarter Halal Food Guide: Hui Muslim Streets and Local Snacks
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Xi'an Muslim Quarter Halal Food Guide: Hui Muslim Streets and Local Snacks. I went to the Hui Muslim Quarter in Xi'an for a food tour in November 2019. Although I have been to the Hui Muslim Quarter many times, I never get enough of it. It is useful for readers interested in Xi'an Muslim Quarter, Halal Food, Hui Muslims.
+
+I went to the Hui Muslim Quarter in Xi'an for a food tour in November 2019. Although I have been to the Hui Muslim Quarter many times, I never get enough of it. For previous introductions to the ancient mosques in the Hui Muslim Quarter, see 'The Twelve Traditional Mosques of Shaanxi'.
+
+**Homestay**
+
+This time in Xi'an, I stayed at a homestay run by my good friend Xiao Ma's aunt, and I was very satisfied. The homestay is located in a quiet alley within the bustling Xiaoxuexi Lane in the Hui Muslim Quarter. It is very close to the food hub, but the place itself is very quiet, so I was not disturbed while resting at night.
+
+The house has four floors and is the home of the aunt and uncle. The uncle lives on the first floor to keep watch, the aunt lives on the third floor with her grandson, and the second and fourth floors are used as a homestay. Both are two-bedroom apartments, suitable for families or friends to stay in.
+
+The aunt and uncle are both Hajjis (pilgrims who have completed the Hajj). They went on the Hajj to Mecca together in 2015. They are both very kind, warm, and friendly. They used to run a restaurant, so if you are lucky, you can eat the delicious food made by the aunt herself.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yn7vwv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fyagm7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/25gnzs.jpg)
+
+**Dingjia Xiaosurou (Ding's crispy fried beef)**
+
+Dingjia Xiaosurou at the west entrance of Dapiyuan. I came here to eat it last time. I love Xiaosurou, especially in winter.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/z4e068.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d4lfmv.jpg)
+
+**Laolijia Zagan Tang (Old Li's mixed offal soup)**
+
+For breakfast, I had Laolijia Zagan Tang at Dapiyuan, paired with Shijia Baozi (Shi's steamed buns) from across the street. The Zagan Tang is tender, the ingredients are generous, and the soup is fresh. You have to queue on weekends.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lie0k2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ai78nj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wovgmk.jpg)
+
+The cumin-flavored filling of Shijia Baozi is rarely seen elsewhere, and it is quite interesting to eat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ko0g2p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9ydz8o.jpg)
+
+**Laolijia Mahua Youcha (Old Li's fried dough twist in oil tea)**
+
+I had Laolijia Mahua Youcha at Miaohou Street in the morning. Mahua Youcha is especially suitable for early mornings in autumn and winter. The hot oil tea softens the Mahua (fried dough twist), and then it is sprinkled with sesame seeds and hemp leaves. It feels very warm after eating. In addition, the hat the boss wears is in the style of Pakistan in South Asia, and the color is bright and beautiful.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ievktd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mwom6m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/azt9bq.jpg)
+
+**Huajia Wanzi Hulatang (Hua's meatball spicy soup)**
+
+I had Huajia Wanzi Hulatang at the north entrance of Daxuexi Lane in the morning. In the Hui Muslim Quarter, besides meatballs and the broth used to boil cured beef and mutton, Wanzi Hulatang must also contain cooked mutton fat. Different from the Hulatang in Henan, the Hulatang in Xi'an also includes stewed vegetables. Any seasonal vegetable that does not fall apart when boiled can be used.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ayk863.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0vfiso.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m4a26u.jpg)
+
+**Ma'erli Huanggui Shizi Bing (Ma'erli's osmanthus persimmon cake)**
+
+Ma'erli Huanggui Shizi Bing on Sajinqiao Street. Huanggui Shizi Bing, also known as Huojing Shizi Bing (fire-crystal persimmon cake), is made by adding flour to Huojing persimmons from Lintong and wrapping them with a sweet osmanthus sugar filling. It is a specialty snack in Xi'an during autumn and winter. The osmanthus filling can also be replaced with other fillings such as rose or date paste.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3qmto8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jtn0uh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5d9kpf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ivkgdl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q8yvna.jpg)
+
+**Ma Jiguang Cigao Dian (Ma Jiguang's sticky rice cake shop)**
+
+I had rose Cigao (sticky rice cake) in Xiaoxuexi Lane. In the past, Cigao in Xi'an was generally sold by Hui Muslims carrying them on shoulder poles along the street, but now it is far less common than Zenggao (steamed sticky rice cake). As far as I know, only this Ma Jiguang Cigao shop sells it exclusively.
+
+Cigao is a sticky rice cake with red bean paste filling. The filling contains small beans, brown sugar, osmanthus sauce, rose sauce, and walnut kernels. After it is made, sesame seeds are sprinkled on top.
+
+Traditionally, there are two ways to eat it: cold or hot. Cold means sprinkling white sugar directly on it after wrapping, and hot means heating it in a pan with rapeseed oil over low heat before eating. We chose to eat it hot, and the aunt finally added honey.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/skf1m6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/o142j7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wcyr2v.jpg)
+
+**Zhiliang Zhengjiao (Zhiliang's steamed dumplings)**
+
+Zhiliang Zhengjiao on Miaohou Street, opened in 1985, is the most famous soup-filled steamed dumpling shop in the Hui Muslim Quarter. The shop's tip is very thoughtful: 'Lift gently, move slowly, open a window (bite a small hole), drink the soup first, then dip in the sauce, one bite is delicious!' Following this way of eating is indeed very delicious, and I couldn't stop eating one after another. Then I also ordered egg Laozao (fermented glutinous rice), but Xiao Ma said their best dish should be the Eight-Treasure Porridge.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ppb71e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/krqq18.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i8fg4a.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xjedno.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dobcgz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1lwkcp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8jdoqi.jpg)
+
+**Xihulan Ma Zhiyuan Laoniurou Jiamo (Xihulan Ma Zhiyuan's cured beef burger)**
+
+There are many cured beef shops in the Hui Muslim Quarter. Some have long queues all year round, but in fact, there are many that don't have queues but are also very delicious. The Xihulan Ma Zhiyuan Laoniurou Jiamo I ate at the Sajinqiao intersection this time was also very delicious. The meat was tender and flavorful, and I wanted to eat more after finishing it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ykfiab.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/25fbrj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/61d7e7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/sqakmg.jpg)
+
+**Yijian Xingyuelou (One Star-Moon Building)**
+
+In the evening, I had Yangrou Paomo (mutton pita bread soup) and Shuipen Niurou (water-basin beef soup) at Yijian Xingyuelou on Xushi Temple Street, a restaurant recommended by Xiao Ma. The taste of their food is indeed very authentic, and the accompanying plum juice is also delicious. This shop didn't exist when I went last time. It opened in 2015 and only moved to Xushi Temple Street in 2018. The 'Yijian' in the shop's name comes from 'Yijianlou', a Republic of China-era time-honored Paomo restaurant operated by the uncle of the boss, Peng Zhihe. Yijianlou was originally named Derunfu Mutton Paomo Restaurant, opened in 1927, and moved to the northwest corner of the Drum Tower in 1935. Peng Zhihe learned the craft from his uncle and inherited the Paomo recipe of Yijianlou.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3uq9ph.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a1c0vd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3ozxig.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/56fhmy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2om6gj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/krqr9y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lu8si8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d9fszr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gj0m5m.jpg)
+
+**Hongshunxiang Luzhi Liangfen (Hongshunxiang's jelly noodles in savory sauce)**
+
+At night, I ate the Xi'an specialty snack Luzhi Liangfen at the Hongshunxiang Xingyue branch on Miaohou Street. The owner of Hongshunxiang is named Ma Kaichao. His family has been selling Luzhi Liangfen with shoulder poles since his ancestors. Later, his grandfather opened a shop at Nanqiaozikou. After the demolition thirty years ago, they moved to the Hui Muslim Quarter and have been there ever since.
+
+Luzhi Liangfen was originally a summer snack to relieve heat, and the most traditional shops would stop selling it in winter. When eating, you usually break the pita bread into the bowl yourself and hand it to the boss, telling the boss how many Biandan (preserved eggs) or eggs to add. Then the boss scoops the Liangfen (mung bean jelly) from the water basin, cuts it into strips, puts it on the bread, and finally scoops a spoonful of warm savory sauce over the Liangfen. Because we went after dinner, we didn't ask for bread and just ate the Liangfen.
+
+The Liangfen in Luzhi Liangfen is made of pea starch, and the savory sauce is made by boiling eggs and potato or sweet potato starch, with more than 10 ingredients such as cinnamon, Sichuan peppercorn, fennel, amomum, and star anise. Finally, garlic juice, mustard juice, sesame paste, vinegar, sesame oil, and chili oil are added, so the taste is very rich.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a7z9fx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pr92kl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/895mld.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4dzxo0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xgy5ig.jpg)
+
+**Xinhua Tianshi Dian (Xinhua Sweet Shop)**
+
+At night, I ate Fenzhengrou (steamed pork with rice flour) and Eight-Treasure Laozao at the Xinhua Sweet Shop at the south entrance of Damaishi Street. The An family, who runs the Xinhua Sweet Shop, started selling sweets more than half a century ago. After the reform and opening up, An Zhihong resumed making sweets on Damaishi Street.
+
+The Fenzhengrou in the Xi'an Hui Muslim Quarter uses lean and fatty mutton sliced and seasoned with five-spice powder and salt. Adding flour must be done in two stages: first, add water and half of the flour, then stir evenly; second, add the remaining half of the flour and stir quickly until the flour adheres to the meat. Finally, just put the meat on a steamer and steam it.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ygjzfu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kvjkv6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nhd1y0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u2xinc.jpg)
+
+**Marui Zhengwan Huicai (Marui's steamed bowl stewed vegetables)**
+
+Late at night in the Hui Muslim Quarter, I went to Marui Zhengwan Huicai on Miaohou Street for a late-night snack. The female boss, Ma Rui, had gone to rest, and Ma Rui's husband was busy alone with the steamed bowls and barbecue. I ate Xiaosurou and meatball stewed vegetables. I love Xiaosurou so much! It is beef coated in batter, first fried and then steamed, which is especially suitable for early winter nights. I also really like the plum juice in the Hui Muslim Quarter. I can't help but have a cup at every shop. Compared to it, what is sold in supermarkets can really only be called sugar water.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/udbjn4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h6ytbx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7a39j3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mdu0yr.jpg)
+
+**Street scenes of the Hui Muslim Quarter**
+
+Finally, I have attached some street scenes of the Hui Muslim Quarter that I took, day and night.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iwxyco.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hwtc70.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xv0gzv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4p8842.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jhn4ao.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/apk103.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u82wj9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/h7f0a0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y2b95s.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cix07x.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Xishuangbanna_Paxi_Dai__Hui_Muslims_Who_Speak_Dai_and_Their_Muslim_Heritage.md b/content/Xishuangbanna_Paxi_Dai__Hui_Muslims_Who_Speak_Dai_and_Their_Muslim_Heritage.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2998d6f2fa7cc2297424af88a57f99d2ec294e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Xishuangbanna_Paxi_Dai__Hui_Muslims_Who_Speak_Dai_and_Their_Muslim_Heritage.md
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+---
+title: "Xishuangbanna Paxi Dai: Hui Muslims Who Speak Dai and Their Muslim Heritage"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1900"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1900"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:51Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "716a75dbe00167779c094709fd746e3767d148da929f46759c7d928002281dec"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Xishuangbanna Paxi Dai: Hui Muslims Who Speak Dai and Their Muslim Heritage
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Xishuangbanna Paxi Dai: Hui Muslims Who Speak Dai and Their Muslim Heritage. Author: Zainab. It is useful for readers interested in Xishuangbanna, Hui Muslims, Dai Culture.
+
+Author: Zainab
+
+During the October holiday, I went to Xishuangbanna with my parents to visit the Tai-speaking Muslim community known as the Paxi Dai.
+
+The Paxi Dai live in two villages in Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Prefecture: Manluanhui and Mansaihui. In the Tai language, 'man' means 'village'. The Paxi Dai call themselves 'Paxi', follow Islam, observe the faith, but speak the Tai language, use the Tai script, and cook halal Tai-style food. It can be said that they have integrated into Tai culture while maintaining their identity as Hui Muslims.
+
+During the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty, with the opening of a trade route from the interior through Pu'er and Menghai into Kengtung and Yangon in Myanmar, and then by sea to India and Arabia, Menghai became an important transit point for Yunnan horse caravans traveling to Myanmar and Thailand for business. The famous Yunnan Islamic scholar Ma Dexin recorded in his 'Travels to the Hajj' that in 1841, he followed a horse caravan from Dali through Menghai to Yangon, Myanmar, to board a ship for the Hajj. During this period, a Hui Muslim caravan leader from Dali named Ma Wulong came to Menghai and gifted the local leader, Zhaomeng Zhaoyakun, three loads of salt, which led the Zhaomeng to agree to set aside a small mountain hollow for Ma Wulong to live in. Ma Wulong later married a Tai woman, had a son named Yanhan, and then returned to his hometown. After reaching adulthood, Yanhan also married a Tai woman and had four sons and two daughters, gradually forming the current Paxi Dai village of 'Manluanhui'.
+
+After the late Qing Dynasty and the Republican era, as Menghai's status as a Pu'er tea production center rose, some Hui Muslims from Dali and Tonghai came to Menghai to make a living and married girls from the Tai village of 'Mansailong' to settle down. Around the 1930s, they officially separated from 'Mansailong', forming the current Paxi Dai village of 'Mansaihui'.
+
+On the morning of October 1st, I rented a car in Jinghong and arrived at Manluanhui in about 50 minutes for a halal Tai-style breakfast. The restaurant I chose was called Paxi Dai. The Paxi Dai mainly eat beef rice noodles and migan (rice noodles) in the morning; we ordered the migan. The variety of small side dishes here is really rich, including pea tips, chives, bean sprouts, and various dipping sauces. The key is that their beef is too delicious! It is slightly sweet and especially fragrant.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9vvthv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dlce8e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xnvigw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ypkpuh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/31gud6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qeavgv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vccacr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0i6bdh.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/owj117.jpg)
+
+After breakfast, we went to the Dayi Manor in Menghai County to visit the Pu'er tea production, and at noon we returned to Manluanhui to eat authentic Paxi Dai home-cooked food at a restaurant called Huixiangyuan. Like many small home-style restaurants in Yunnan, there is no paper menu here. All the ingredients are displayed in a cabinet. You point to an ingredient and ask the owner how it can be cooked, and the owner tells you directly. This feeling is quite good.
+
+We ordered sour and spicy tilapia, grilled tofu, grilled bracken, and white-palm chicken (cold chicken) with Tai-style dipping sauce, and also drank passion fruit juice. Everything was very much to our taste. Among these dishes, our whole family agreed that the sour and spicy fish was the best. The sauce poured over it was fantastic and went very well with rice. In addition, the Tai-style sour and spicy flavor is very strong. If you cannot eat spicy food, you should tell the owner in advance to make it mild.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7kgaba.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n9xl05.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mhuss7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xlkrek.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8nyw4t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0xzx14.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qqn4q8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5x8m5b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8e7ijs.jpg)
+
+At noon, I accompanied my parents to the Manluanhui mosque for Jumu'ah prayer. After the Paxi Dai settled in Manluanhui, they built the first mosque with thatched roofs and bamboo walls. It was later rebuilt into a mosque with tiled roofs and bamboo walls, but it was destroyed in 1909 during the war between the Jinghong Xuanweisi and the Menghai Tusi. The mosque was rebuilt again, destroyed again in 1958, rebuilt as a brick and tile mosque in 1982, and rebuilt again between 2016 and 2018 into the current concrete mosque. The current Manluanhui mosque is the only mosque building in the country with a Tai-style architectural design.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4s0f7p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jj1nt5.jpg)
+
+The current Imam is from Weishan, Dali. There were many people at Jumu'ah, and at first, everyone took turns reciting the Quran.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/v9wxj8.jpg)
+
+After leaving the prayer hall, various Paxi Dai aunties, men, women, and children—our brothers and sisters in faith—wearing Tai clothing, carried baskets and basins to distribute fruits grown at home and snacks they had made to everyone. It was very lively!
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9iczi7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ckfny6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d9osvy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g6o4fy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gfe5kw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8bxgoz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ndt752.jpg)
+
+We received bananas, dragon fruit, persimmons, milk dates, etc., distributed by everyone, as well as rice cakes and hot, freshly made sticky rice. The ripe bananas were especially sweet, much better than those bought at the market. The milk dates were also super sweet. After eating them, I felt that the ones bought in Beijing could only be described as bland and tasteless!
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ylf6nf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xhzsi0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3kgn80.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ec3olv.jpg)
+
+The Paxi Dai like to eat this kind of sticky rice in the morning.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uce056.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qfaiwm.jpg)
+
+**Homemade rice cakes.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y8uqxp.jpg)
+
+In the evening, we went to the Paxi Dai restaurant at the Ganbai Street night market in Jinghong. The landlady is a Paxi Dai from Manluanhui. The restaurant is by the lake, opposite the famous Starlight Night Market, so you can eat while watching the night view.
+
+We ordered a nanmi (Tai-style dipping sauce) platter, stir-fried beef liver mushrooms, Tai-style pounded chicken feet, tilapia boiled with passion fruit, lemon-shredded beef jerky, and beef pineapple rice. Nanmi is a Tai-style specialty dipping sauce with a sour and spicy flavor, used for dipping fried beef skin, cucumber, and cowpeas. This was my first time eating fried beef skin; the texture is a bit like fried shrimp crackers, but harder. The pounded chicken feet were very sour and spicy, and my mouth felt like it was burning. The Tai-style passion fruit stewed fish was very flavorful, comparable to the starfruit sour soup fish of the Hui people in Huihui, Sanya, but the sourness was stronger. I could only drink a little bit of this soup. Our whole family liked the beef pineapple rice the best. It is rarely fried like this locally, and we thought it was better than any fried rice we had eaten before.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qvqh99.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2j8qi6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hgz683.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/idqnhv.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i77c0z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ls2h8d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8hkzvw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wbfyvq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8c5vwp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n85u7v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vf4cpr.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/n80maa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6enr4b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d3rqjy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/piltr6.jpg)
+
+On the morning of October 2nd, we ate rice noodles at the Kezhen Halal Snack Bar opened by Paxi Dai near the Jinghong City Hospital. The chicken rice noodles were served with sour radish and various seasonings. The free-range chicken meat was relatively firm and chewy. The people in the shop and the locals who came to eat communicated in Tai, but switched to Chinese when talking to us, which was very interesting.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6891kf.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/djwzs6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vpq85p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u3nacs.jpg)
+
+On the morning of the 2nd, we went to the Primitive Forest Park. In the afternoon, we went to the Huidai Tongpiao (copper ladle hotpot) restaurant at the entrance of the bus station of the State Planning Bureau on Menghai Road, Jinghong City. The owner is the cousin of the Paxi Dai landlady from the Ganbai Street night market.
+
+As soon as we entered the restaurant, we smelled the rich aroma of beef soup. The owner said they had been stewing the beef soup since early morning for most of the day. The base of the copper ladle hotpot is the beef soup, and the special dipping sauce is also thinned with beef soup. We ordered snowflake beef, oxtail with skin, mint, bean curd skin, and yam. We also ordered fried beef lung and beef jerky with vegetable fried rice.
+
+The meat for shabu-shabu is not raw like in Beijing, but pre-stewed until clear. When eating, you put it into the copper ladle and stew it for a while. The texture and taste are both good. This was my first time eating oxtail with skin. It needs to be stewed for a while longer; the skin is very elastic and the meat is very fragrant. Then I also ate fried beef lung for the first time. The owner said that in their Manluanhui village, fried beef lung sells better than beef jerky, and locals especially like to eat it. It felt like the aroma of the beef lung was really fried out; it was crispy when you bit into it, and we finished it in no time.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qqvl0c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6vmiv3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8p1mz3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zb5uiq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bdu25c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6hn9fq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ezrdy3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lherro.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0b4dm8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pxbf8x.jpg)
+
+There are quite a few halal Tai-style barbecue places in Xishuangbanna, but those opened by Paxi Dai are mostly in the Manluanhui village in Menghai County. Those in the Jinghong urban area are mostly opened by Hui Muslims from other parts of Yunnan.
+
+On the evening of the 2nd, we first went to the A-li Barbecue Restaurant, which is opened by Hui Muslims from Pu'er. We ordered grilled fish, grilled shrimp, grilled beef spleen, grilled beef skin, and grilled fermented tofu. Their food was a bit salty, and when we went there, there was a strong smell coming from the sewer at the entrance, which affected the dining experience. If any brothers and sisters in faith want to go there in the future, it is best to smell if the sewer is still smelly before eating...
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/9vb5ty.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fd8awk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fp9i6f.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r7ry4k.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cxpace.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/0uwa7l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xihacb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ujfkyz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rk47aw.jpg)
+
+Then we went to another Tai-style barbecue place called Asan, which is opened by Hui Muslims from Shadian. We ordered some beef skewers and stinky tofu, as well as sweet bamboo shoots with dipping sauce and the local specialty bitter fruit, and drank passion fruit juice again. The bitter fruit burst with juice as soon as you bit into it. It is very popular here as a side for barbecue, but I still think it is a bit bitter.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l8tzqs.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rq71d0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p2afgt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dv1put.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zokd10.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fjjsf1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/quh56y.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/txwzl8.jpg)
+
+On the afternoon of the 3rd, we went to the Maxiaoyang Halal Restaurant, a place opened by Paxi Dai next to the Jinghong City People's Hospital. Every Paxi Dai person has three names: a Chinese name, a Tai name, and an Islamic name.
+
+We ordered clear-stewed beef ribs, yellow-braised duck, milk-paste mushrooms, and pumpkin flowers. Everyone's favorite was the clear-stewed beef ribs. It tasted just as fragrant as the beef soup we drank at Huidai Tongpiao the day before. It was beef that had been stewed for a long time, and it fell off the bone as soon as you bit into it. The yellow-braised duck meat was relatively firm. In the past few days at Paxi Dai restaurants, we haven't eaten broiler chickens or ducks; they were all free-range chickens and ducks with a firm texture. This was my first time eating milk-paste mushrooms. The texture is very much like meat and very fragrant. Pumpkin flowers are also a specialty vegetable in Xishuangbanna and are very refreshing.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nk1f2z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/bvshww.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gq8adw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/l3ed0l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4xtb4w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pngqnn.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mk0r7z.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Xixiang_Muslim_Travel_Guide__Hui_Muslims_in_Southern_Shaanxi.md b/content/Xixiang_Muslim_Travel_Guide__Hui_Muslims_in_Southern_Shaanxi.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a3bffddb70b0ba25dcc752a5a8228c274943e7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Xixiang_Muslim_Travel_Guide__Hui_Muslims_in_Southern_Shaanxi.md
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+---
+title: "Xixiang Muslim Travel Guide: Hui Muslims in Southern Shaanxi"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1852"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1852"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:41Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Culture & Heritage"
+content_hash: "db3108d3e63a96047e8c8565be29534c3d4c6c8d0feefb7a7ca2c8a5a8e4d6c4"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Xixiang Muslim Travel Guide: Hui Muslims in Southern Shaanxi
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Xixiang Muslim Travel Guide: Hui Muslims in Southern Shaanxi. Xixiang County is located in the middle of the Hanzhong Basin in southern Shaanxi, nestled between the Qinling Mountains and the Bashan Mountains, with the Muma River, a tributary of the Han River, flowing through the. It is useful for readers interested in Xixiang Travel, Hui Muslims, Shaanxi Travel.
+
+Xixiang County is located in the middle of the Hanzhong Basin in southern Shaanxi, nestled between the Qinling Mountains and the Bashan Mountains, with the Muma River, a tributary of the Han River, flowing through the county seat. Starting from the Ming Dynasty, Hui Muslims from Pingliang, Gansu, moved to Xixiang to settle, and the Hui Muslim population continued to grow during the Kangxi and Qianlong periods. Currently, more than 2,000 Hui Muslims live in the Xiguan area of the county seat, belonging to the congregations of the North Mosque and the South Mosque. Most of the members of the South Mosque congregation are surnamed Mu, Chen, Luo, and Mi, while most of the members of the North Mosque congregation are surnamed Ma and Ha.
+
+**Beef jerky**
+
+Xixiang Hui Muslims have been famous for making beef jerky since the Tongzhi period. The local Xizhen cattle in Xixiang are a nationally famous breed of yellow cattle, which are very suitable for making beef jerky. Nowadays, shops selling halal beef jerky can be seen everywhere in the Xiguan area of Xixiang, especially concentrated in the Xiguan Halal Beef and Mutton Market. The beef jerky made by each family in Xiguan has a different taste, some hard, some soft, some salty, and some mild.
+
+We bought some beef jerky at a shop called Zhongping Food Store, where many locals shop.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2qgi2w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/j70mhp.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w7xla0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u2i9ml.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1naqd2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x1fxig.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/krkok7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wvjzsa.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rgiy04.jpg)
+
+The largest halal beef jerky brand in Xixiang is 'Xinyi'. Xinyi was founded in 1995, and the company's legal representative, Mu Xin, is the inheritor of the Shaanxi provincial intangible cultural heritage 'Xixiang Beef Jerky Making Technique'. Most of their beef is supplied by Hui Muslim butchers living in impoverished areas such as Liushu, Guanshan, Sidu, and Shahe in Xixiang, and they use more than ten kinds of Chinese herbal medicines instead of preservatives.
+
+We bought a lot of beef jerky at the Xinyi shop in Xiguan, and also bought some local dried tofu. We were able to send it home directly via SF Express, and the dost (friend/fellow Muslim) auntie in the shop was very enthusiastic.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/510iln.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ou3ig1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tmmstm.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/htn502.jpg)
+
+**Xinyi Ethnic Restaurant**
+
+Xinyi also opened a 'Xinyi Ethnic Restaurant' where you can stay and eat. We stayed here while we were in Xixiang. There is a breakfast buffet in the morning and regular meals at other times. In the evening, we ordered lotus root shoots, teppan sand ginger chicken, and sweet and sour lingzhi mushrooms.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7n9afo.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/eajt35.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pur1dt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pm7oiu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q33eb2.jpg)
+
+**South Mosque**
+
+The Xixiang South Mosque was built in the Ming Dynasty. It was closed and occupied after the 1958 religious reforms, returned in 1986, and officially opened in 2001. The main hall was rebuilt in 1997, but the gate and the south wing are still old. The gate has a 'Mosque' plaque from the Daoguang period.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r898w0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8ruztl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/fuzxtl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kn6fli.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s4hifc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wa9qes.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rjatgq.jpg)
+
+**Mosque Lane Archway**
+
+After coming out of the South Mosque, you can see the wooden 'Mosque Lane' archway built during the Xianfeng period, followed by the old street of Xiguan where Hui Muslims live.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/1mpq7e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kcgzes.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zm68qc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w20p8b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/laoi63.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w890n3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s4r5cb.jpg)
+
+**Women's Mosque**
+
+Continuing north, you can see the Women's Mosque built in 1956, which was occupied after the 1958 religious reforms and restored in 1990.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c3bcc2.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kz0lvx.jpg)
+
+**North Mosque**
+
+The North Mosque was originally called Jingning Mosque and was built in 1614 by Hui Muslims who moved to Xixiang from Jingning Prefecture (now Pingliang, Gansu). The North Mosque was expanded in 1723, later destroyed by war, rebuilt in 1816, and renovated many times. It was occupied after the Cultural Revolution, returned in 1984, and the north wing was rebuilt in 2009.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vbmgyk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uv1iyi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wcp05l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tvtbxl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zq6sx1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a0u284.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t2jkc4.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ulnyy6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2aqyun.jpg)
+
+The mihrab (niche in the wall of a mosque) is painted with very distinctive Shaanxi-style Arabic calligraphy.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/nhgdel.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7yyh7d.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4dx3ot.jpg)
+
+**Beef pulled noodles**
+
+After performing the prayer, the local dosts enthusiastically took us to eat. The halal restaurants in Xixiang are mainly concentrated in the West Gate area. We ate local specialty braised beef pulled noodles and tofu with beef at an ahong's (imam's) shop, and they also treated us to sanzi (fried dough twists) and youxiang (fried flour cakes).
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x75ixx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zg69xq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ass0ay.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/d0t030.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ezhdt0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/r6k7a0.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tnayw9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hgydjc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/vduoha.jpg)
+
+**Luling Mosque**
+
+Luling Mosque is a commemorative gongbei (shrine) built on the original burial site of Qi Jingyi, the founder of the Sufi Qadiriyya order.
+
+In 1719, Qi Jingyi passed away at Jingshi Mosque in Xixiang and was buried on the east side of Jingshi Mosque. One hundred days later, his remains were moved to Linxia, Gansu. In 1721, the followers built a commemorative gongbei at the original burial site, named Youjiu Pavilion. Later, a series of courtyards were built around Youjiu Pavilion, named Luling Mosque. Luling Mosque was destroyed during the Tongzhi period, rebuilt in 1868, the current Youjiu Pavilion was built in 1870, and the current archway was built in 1885.
+
+During the Cultural Revolution, Luling Mosque was closed. It was reopened after the policies were implemented, and the main gongbei underwent multiple repairs in 1983, 1986, and 1999.
+
+The tomb pavilion has double eaves, four corners, and a helmet-shaped roof, topped with a treasure vase, and is divided into inner and outer chambers.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kfai4v.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7c8keq.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/p94ltl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gb9ans.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/m38gzt.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/775whz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/k8i9f1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qr4nbw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rownna.jpg)
+
+Outside the gongbei archway, there is a pair of Qing Dynasty stone-carved plum blossom deer. Legend has it that when the great gongbei ancestor Qi Jingyi was meditating at Jingshi Mosque in Xixiang, two plum blossom deer often lay quietly outside the gate of Jingshi Mosque. After the ancestor passed away, the two deer lay quietly beside the tomb for a long time without leaving. The disciples believed that 'deer age of a thousand years' was an auspicious meaning, so they carved a pair of stone deer and placed them outside the gongbei archway, and Luling Mosque was named after this.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kfpcvl.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6yzq92.jpg)
+
+Several pictures of various new and old Hezhou brick carvings at Luling Mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s6ngz9.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t5m3zu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/u18bu7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2bsice.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y9z1f6.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gkhkj1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/x1y1i8.jpg)
+
+The prayer hall in the mosque.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/zsgeb8.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6s9p7e.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/01d021.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gypitp.jpg)
+
+**Jingshi Mosque**
+
+Jingshi Mosque is located on the west side of Luling Mosque and is the place where the great gongbei ancestor Qi Jingyi meditated in Xixiang. In 1690, Qi Jingyi came to Xixiang, built a thatched cottage under Niutou Mountain to meditate, and eventually passed away here.
+
+After Qi Jingyi passed away, Gao Xiangyun, a follower of the great gongbei, spent more than ten years starting in 1814 building the entire courtyard, including the main house, east and west wing rooms, the opposite hall, and the gate, on the original site of Jingshi Mosque. Jingshi Mosque was occupied during the Cultural Revolution, returned to the great gongbei in 1981, and rebuilt in 1990 under the leadership of Yang Shijun, the head of the great gongbei.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3jr6v7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/i0indd.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/cdczij.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ax9s7m.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ctq0ty.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/y5meeg.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/06d5gt.jpg)
diff --git a/content/Yinchuan_Muslim_Wedding_Travel_Notes__Hui_Muslim_Culture_and_Halal_Food.md b/content/Yinchuan_Muslim_Wedding_Travel_Notes__Hui_Muslim_Culture_and_Halal_Food.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19c42e63805a387b809b032bc6440b72e5fe6660
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/Yinchuan_Muslim_Wedding_Travel_Notes__Hui_Muslim_Culture_and_Halal_Food.md
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+---
+title: "Yinchuan Muslim Wedding Travel Notes: Hui Muslim Culture and Halal Food"
+original_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1870"
+canonical_url: "https://salaamalykum.com/article/1870"
+author: "Salaamalykum User"
+pub_date: "1969-12-31T19:00:39Z"
+lastmod: "2026-06-13T18:59:12Z"
+language: "zh-CN"
+topic_category: "Hui Halal Food"
+content_hash: "fd59e17ad0f71bda1d26b74fbe5d40705b1c2225c49132488cacbda37388fe91"
+tags: ["Hui Muslims", "Chinese Muslim", "RAG Corpus"]
+layout: "article"
+---
+
+# Yinchuan Muslim Wedding Travel Notes: Hui Muslim Culture and Halal Food
+
+**Reposted from the web**
+
+**Summary:** This travel note introduces Yinchuan Muslim Wedding Travel Notes: Hui Muslim Culture and Halal Food. On the third weekend of September 2020, Zainab and I went to Yinchuan to attend my childhood friend's wedding. It is useful for readers interested in Yinchuan Travel, Hui Muslims, Halal Food.
+
+On the third weekend of September 2020, Zainab and I went to Yinchuan to attend my childhood friend's wedding. My friend's family is from Beijing and owns an ancestral home with a private courtyard in Houhai. My friend's grandparents went to Ningxia in the 1950s to support the border regions, and later lived in both Beijing and Yinchuan, so my friend has two homes. My friend took me to Yinchuan for a visit 10 years ago, and this was my second time there.
+
+**September 18**
+
+I arrived in Yinchuan the night before, and first thing in the morning, I went to eat some specialty mianfeizi (steamed lamb lung) and yangzashui (lamb offal soup) with bingzi (flatbread). I originally wanted to go to Jumu'ah (Friday prayer), but found that all the mosques in Yinchuan were closed.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2bgx7c.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/7vm208.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rs1zvr.jpg)
+
+The Qingzhen Zhongsi (Central Mosque) is the only ancient mosque preserved in Yinchuan, but unfortunately, I could not enter.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/a07j68.jpg)
+
+**The weather was great.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xkzxga.jpg)
+
+At noon, we had our first welcome meal at Quanjude. As a Beijinger, I didn't expect my first time eating at Quanjude to be in Yinchuan, because all the Quanjude restaurants in Yinchuan are halal. Besides roast duck, most of the dishes at the Yinchuan Quanjude are local or fusion dishes. We ate tangmian youxiang (deep-fried flour dough), liangpi (cold starch noodles), and also had shouzhua litiao (hand-grabbed lamb ribs). I didn't expect the shouzhua rou (hand-grabbed meat) at Quanjude to be so delicious.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/2qq2xe.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/kk0acc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lxegvb.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/paeetk.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gxf1qw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mavr9l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/pbyrb5.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/lcr1nj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oo1yil.jpg)
+
+In the evening, we had our second welcome meal at a halal Chongqing fusion restaurant called Jialing Jiangpan. This time I discovered that people in Yinchuan really love spicy food; there are halal Chongqing-style hot pots and malatang (spicy hot pot) everywhere. However, besides Sichuan and Chongqing dishes, Jialing Jiangpan also has various fusion cuisines. I think their shouzhua rou is quite tasty...
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/gmvnfc.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/jyfgwo.jpg)
+
+**I only found out later that this was kaomo (baked bun).**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s2u1vy.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/atuf9p.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5g0fvw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/mviaq1.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/s3xn1w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8nl1mi.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w2ugo9.jpg)
+
+**September 19**
+
+On the day of the wedding, I got up early for breakfast: baozi (steamed buns) and doufunao (tofu pudding), a simple breakfast.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/dothdz.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ajwhk3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rcz7br.jpg)
+
+The wedding banquet was held at Xiangyu Hotel, a famous restaurant for wedding banquets in Yinchuan. We had four weddings taking place there at the same time that day. Their environment is quite good, and the food is also tasty.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/80f2su.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/035c16.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ii5ydw.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/icsn56.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8fxo6n.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/uae8na.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/qgwpgx.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/880w9z.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/xvos25.jpg)
+
+In the afternoon, I went to Sanyixuan to have a bowl of steamed lamb. The taste is a bit like shengcuan wanzi (freshly boiled meatballs), very tender. I also ordered kuku cai (bitter greens), and it was truly bitter!
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t4jc4b.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/blfwcu.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/8phyof.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/oqn1ac.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/67itbe.jpg)
+
+I took this photo exactly ten years ago when I ate at the old Sanyixuan restaurant, so this counts as nostalgia. The old restaurant is gone now, but several new ones have opened. The environment at the Minsheng branch is quite nice; it is very comfortable to drink tea and chat.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/w3fwse.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/hl4k4k.jpg)
+
+In the evening, I went to Fuyuan Noodle Restaurant on Zhongxin Lane. They only sell lamb neck, lianguo yangrou (lamb cooked with noodles), xiaojiupian (small hand-torn noodles), and side dishes. I ordered half a jin (250 grams) of lamb neck; the texture was great and the flavor was fragrant. The lamb xiaojiupian is made by three people tearing the dough into a large pot at the same time; seeing the dough pieces flying everywhere looked quite spectacular.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6to28w.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/4h5v3l.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/yvjm4g.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/rcskap.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/g6ak77.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/aib0wj.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/wp80at.jpg)
+
+**September 20**
+
+Early in the morning, I went to Qianjin Road to have Aye Yangzashui (lamb offal soup) with tangsuan (sweet garlic). Their shop has been open for nearly forty years. When my friend first took me to eat mianfeizi 10 years ago, it was here. Back then, we could sit outside to eat, but now we can only sit indoors. Local friends said it doesn't taste as good as it used to, but we mainly went for nostalgia this time.
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/q0ymv3.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/3lopso.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/c8rlee.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/6u6e3t.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/tk8rll.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/5p5ba3.jpg)
+
+**When I ate it ten years ago.**
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/iq5yv7.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/62do9n.jpg)
+
+In the morning, Zainab and I played bumper cars and the Crazy Mouse ride at Yinchuan Zhongshan Park, and bought the must-have grilled sausages from the amusement park. Zainab said she only ate them when she was a child in Urumqi, and she hadn't seen halal ones for many years. That's how we had a nostalgic moment~
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/ctcoka.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/f0cs3j.jpg)
+
+![image](https://files.catbox.moe/t2f2xs.jpg)
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+At noon, my friend treated us at Najialou to braised lamb bones, chicken soup, shacong (wild onion), and liuwanzi (six small bowls of local dishes). Najialou is a classic restaurant in Yinchuan suitable for gatherings. It comes from Najiahu in Yongning County, Ningxia, which is the location of the famous Najiahu Grand Mosque.
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+Before leaving in the afternoon, I went to Xieji Ayishe Lamb Burger shop next to the West Pagoda to buy lamb burgers for everyone. The lamb burgers in Yinchuan use boiled lamb, and you pour garlic sauce inside to enhance the flavor when eating. This shop is also recognized by locals; my friend had specifically brought some to Beijing for me before.
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+When we were leaving, my friend's younger brother gave us some packed stir-fried lamb. It is from a very famous old shop in Yinchuan. He specifically bought a lot to take back to Xi'an for his friends who own Ningxia restaurants in the Muslim Quarter to taste what authentic Yinchuan stir-fried lamb is like, haha.
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