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56e782c737bdd419002c406a
Nanjing
Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, and had been the world's largest city aggregately for hundreds of years, enjoyed peace and prosperity and beared wars and disasters. Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu...
How many Great Ancient Capitals does China have?
{ "text": [ "Four" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }
56e782c737bdd419002c406b
Nanjing
Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, and had been the world's largest city aggregately for hundreds of years, enjoyed peace and prosperity and beared wars and disasters. Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu...
What city is considered to be the nominal capital of the Republic of China?
{ "text": [ "Nanjing" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56e782c737bdd419002c406c
Nanjing
Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, and had been the world's largest city aggregately for hundreds of years, enjoyed peace and prosperity and beared wars and disasters. Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu...
What mausoleum is in Nanjing?
{ "text": [ "Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum" ], "answer_start": [ 1290 ] }
56e782c737bdd419002c406d
Nanjing
Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, and had been the world's largest city aggregately for hundreds of years, enjoyed peace and prosperity and beared wars and disasters. Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu...
What city was the capital of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era?
{ "text": [ "Nanjing" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56e7839137bdd419002c4073
Nanjing
Archaeological discovery shows that "Nanjing Man" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in...
How long ago did "Nanjing Man" live?
{ "text": [ "more than 500 thousand years ago" ], "answer_start": [ 59 ] }
56e7839137bdd419002c4074
Nanjing
Archaeological discovery shows that "Nanjing Man" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in...
What vessel was found 5000 years ago?
{ "text": [ "Zun, a kind of wine vessel" ], "answer_start": [ 93 ] }
56e7839137bdd419002c4075
Nanjing
Archaeological discovery shows that "Nanjing Man" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in...
When was the the fort of Yuecheng built?
{ "text": [ "473 BC" ], "answer_start": [ 552 ] }
56e7839137bdd419002c4076
Nanjing
Archaeological discovery shows that "Nanjing Man" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in...
How long had Nanjing been the capital city of Yangzhou?
{ "text": [ "about 400 years" ], "answer_start": [ 1319 ] }
56e7839137bdd419002c4077
Nanjing
Archaeological discovery shows that "Nanjing Man" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in...
When was the Wu state created?
{ "text": [ "the late period of Shang dynasty" ], "answer_start": [ 205 ] }
56e7845837bdd419002c407d
Nanjing
Nanjing first became a state capital in 229 AD, when the state of Eastern Wu founded by Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms period relocated its capital to Jianye (建業), the city extended on the basis of Jinling Yi in 211 AD. Although conquered by the Western Jin dynasty in 280, Nanjing and its neighbouring areas had bee...
When did Nanjing become a state capital?
{ "text": [ "229 AD" ], "answer_start": [ 40 ] }
56e7845837bdd419002c407e
Nanjing
Nanjing first became a state capital in 229 AD, when the state of Eastern Wu founded by Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms period relocated its capital to Jianye (建業), the city extended on the basis of Jinling Yi in 211 AD. Although conquered by the Western Jin dynasty in 280, Nanjing and its neighbouring areas had bee...
Who founded Eastern Wu?
{ "text": [ "Sun Quan" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }
56e7845837bdd419002c407f
Nanjing
Nanjing first became a state capital in 229 AD, when the state of Eastern Wu founded by Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms period relocated its capital to Jianye (建業), the city extended on the basis of Jinling Yi in 211 AD. Although conquered by the Western Jin dynasty in 280, Nanjing and its neighbouring areas had bee...
When was Eastern Wu founded?
{ "text": [ "during the Three Kingdoms period" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }
56e7845837bdd419002c4080
Nanjing
Nanjing first became a state capital in 229 AD, when the state of Eastern Wu founded by Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms period relocated its capital to Jianye (建業), the city extended on the basis of Jinling Yi in 211 AD. Although conquered by the Western Jin dynasty in 280, Nanjing and its neighbouring areas had bee...
Who defeated Nanjing and took over in 280?
{ "text": [ "the Western Jin dynasty" ], "answer_start": [ 246 ] }
56e7845837bdd419002c4081
Nanjing
Nanjing first became a state capital in 229 AD, when the state of Eastern Wu founded by Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms period relocated its capital to Jianye (建業), the city extended on the basis of Jinling Yi in 211 AD. Although conquered by the Western Jin dynasty in 280, Nanjing and its neighbouring areas had bee...
When was Nanjing extended?
{ "text": [ "211 AD" ], "answer_start": [ 216 ] }
56e7853a37bdd419002c4087
Nanjing
Shortly after the unification of the region, the Western Jin dynasty collapsed. First the rebellions by eight Jin princes for the throne and later rebellions and invasion from Xiongnu and other nomadic peoples that destroyed the rule of the Jin dynasty in the north. In 317, remnants of the Jin court, as well as nobles ...
What happened prior to the collapse of the Western Jin dynasty?
{ "text": [ "the unification of the region" ], "answer_start": [ 14 ] }
56e7853a37bdd419002c4088
Nanjing
Shortly after the unification of the region, the Western Jin dynasty collapsed. First the rebellions by eight Jin princes for the throne and later rebellions and invasion from Xiongnu and other nomadic peoples that destroyed the rule of the Jin dynasty in the north. In 317, remnants of the Jin court, as well as nobles ...
When did the Jin court head South?
{ "text": [ "317" ], "answer_start": [ 270 ] }
56e7853a37bdd419002c4089
Nanjing
Shortly after the unification of the region, the Western Jin dynasty collapsed. First the rebellions by eight Jin princes for the throne and later rebellions and invasion from Xiongnu and other nomadic peoples that destroyed the rule of the Jin dynasty in the north. In 317, remnants of the Jin court, as well as nobles ...
Where did the Jin court re-establish itself, after fleeing?
{ "text": [ "Nanjing" ], "answer_start": [ 410 ] }
56e7853a37bdd419002c408b
Nanjing
Shortly after the unification of the region, the Western Jin dynasty collapsed. First the rebellions by eight Jin princes for the throne and later rebellions and invasion from Xiongnu and other nomadic peoples that destroyed the rule of the Jin dynasty in the north. In 317, remnants of the Jin court, as well as nobles ...
Who fled with the Jin court to the South?
{ "text": [ "nobles and wealthy families" ], "answer_start": [ 313 ] }
56e7860900c9c71400d77231
Nanjing
During the period of North–South division, Nanjing remained the capital of the Southern dynasties for more than two and a half centuries. During this time, Nanjing was the international hub of East Asia. Based on historical documents, the city had 280,000 registered households. Assuming an average Nanjing household had...
How long was Nanjing the capital of the Southern dynasties?
{ "text": [ "more than two and a half centuries" ], "answer_start": [ 102 ] }
56e7860900c9c71400d77232
Nanjing
During the period of North–South division, Nanjing remained the capital of the Southern dynasties for more than two and a half centuries. During this time, Nanjing was the international hub of East Asia. Based on historical documents, the city had 280,000 registered households. Assuming an average Nanjing household had...
During the time of the North–South division, what city was the center of East Asia?
{ "text": [ "Nanjing" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }
56e7860900c9c71400d77233
Nanjing
During the period of North–South division, Nanjing remained the capital of the Southern dynasties for more than two and a half centuries. During this time, Nanjing was the international hub of East Asia. Based on historical documents, the city had 280,000 registered households. Assuming an average Nanjing household had...
During the time of the North–South division, how many households were in Nanjing?
{ "text": [ "280,000 registered households" ], "answer_start": [ 248 ] }
56e7860900c9c71400d77234
Nanjing
During the period of North–South division, Nanjing remained the capital of the Southern dynasties for more than two and a half centuries. During this time, Nanjing was the international hub of East Asia. Based on historical documents, the city had 280,000 registered households. Assuming an average Nanjing household had...
What is the estimated population of Nanjing during that time?
{ "text": [ "more than 1.4 million residents" ], "answer_start": [ 365 ] }
56e7860900c9c71400d77235
Nanjing
During the period of North–South division, Nanjing remained the capital of the Southern dynasties for more than two and a half centuries. During this time, Nanjing was the international hub of East Asia. Based on historical documents, the city had 280,000 registered households. Assuming an average Nanjing household had...
Where did the information on registered households during that period originate?
{ "text": [ "historical documents" ], "answer_start": [ 213 ] }
56e786c937bdd419002c40ab
Nanjing
A number of sculptural ensembles of that era, erected at the tombs of royals and other dignitaries, have survived (in various degrees of preservation) in Nanjing's northeastern and eastern suburbs, primarily in Qixia and Jiangning District. Possibly the best preserved of them is the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu (47...
What has survived in Nanjing's suburbs?
{ "text": [ "A number of sculptural ensembles" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56e786c937bdd419002c40ac
Nanjing
A number of sculptural ensembles of that era, erected at the tombs of royals and other dignitaries, have survived (in various degrees of preservation) in Nanjing's northeastern and eastern suburbs, primarily in Qixia and Jiangning District. Possibly the best preserved of them is the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu (47...
In what district are these sculptural pieces located?
{ "text": [ "Qixia and Jiangning District" ], "answer_start": [ 211 ] }
56e786c937bdd419002c40ad
Nanjing
A number of sculptural ensembles of that era, erected at the tombs of royals and other dignitaries, have survived (in various degrees of preservation) in Nanjing's northeastern and eastern suburbs, primarily in Qixia and Jiangning District. Possibly the best preserved of them is the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu (47...
Which piece is the best, in terms of preservation condition?
{ "text": [ "the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu" ], "answer_start": [ 280 ] }
56e786c937bdd419002c40ae
Nanjing
A number of sculptural ensembles of that era, erected at the tombs of royals and other dignitaries, have survived (in various degrees of preservation) in Nanjing's northeastern and eastern suburbs, primarily in Qixia and Jiangning District. Possibly the best preserved of them is the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu (47...
Who was Xiao Xiu?
{ "text": [ "a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang" ], "answer_start": [ 328 ] }
56e786c937bdd419002c40af
Nanjing
A number of sculptural ensembles of that era, erected at the tombs of royals and other dignitaries, have survived (in various degrees of preservation) in Nanjing's northeastern and eastern suburbs, primarily in Qixia and Jiangning District. Possibly the best preserved of them is the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu (47...
When did Xiao Xiu live?
{ "text": [ "475–518" ], "answer_start": [ 318 ] }
56e787d900c9c71400d77252
Nanjing
The city of Nanjing was razed after the Sui dynasty took over it. It renamed Shengzhou (昇州) in Tang dynasty and resuscitated during the late Tang. It was chosen as the capital and called Jinling (金陵) during the Southern Tang (937–976), a state that succeeded Wu state. It renamed Jiangning (江寧) in Northern Song dynasty ...
When was Nanjing made a capital again?
{ "text": [ "during the Southern Tang (937–976)" ], "answer_start": [ 200 ] }
56e787d900c9c71400d77253
Nanjing
The city of Nanjing was razed after the Sui dynasty took over it. It renamed Shengzhou (昇州) in Tang dynasty and resuscitated during the late Tang. It was chosen as the capital and called Jinling (金陵) during the Southern Tang (937–976), a state that succeeded Wu state. It renamed Jiangning (江寧) in Northern Song dynasty ...
During what dynasty did Nanjing become a thriving textile city?
{ "text": [ "the Song dynasty" ], "answer_start": [ 424 ] }
56e787d900c9c71400d77254
Nanjing
The city of Nanjing was razed after the Sui dynasty took over it. It renamed Shengzhou (昇州) in Tang dynasty and resuscitated during the late Tang. It was chosen as the capital and called Jinling (金陵) during the Southern Tang (937–976), a state that succeeded Wu state. It renamed Jiangning (江寧) in Northern Song dynasty ...
What was the name of the short-lived puppet court created by the Jurchens?
{ "text": [ "The court of Da Chu" ], "answer_start": [ 537 ] }
56e787d900c9c71400d77255
Nanjing
The city of Nanjing was razed after the Sui dynasty took over it. It renamed Shengzhou (昇州) in Tang dynasty and resuscitated during the late Tang. It was chosen as the capital and called Jinling (金陵) during the Southern Tang (937–976), a state that succeeded Wu state. It renamed Jiangning (江寧) in Northern Song dynasty ...
Who defeated the court of Song?
{ "text": [ "the Mongol empire" ], "answer_start": [ 695 ] }
56e788b100c9c71400d7725b
Nanjing
The first emperor of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang (the Hongwu Emperor), who overthrew the Yuan dynasty, renamed the city Yingtian, rebuilt it, and made it the dynastic capital in 1368. He constructed a 48 km (30 mi) long city wall around Yingtian, as well as a new Ming Palace complex, and government halls. It took 2...
Who was the first emperor of the Ming dynasty?
{ "text": [ "Zhu Yuanzhang" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }
56e788b100c9c71400d7725c
Nanjing
The first emperor of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang (the Hongwu Emperor), who overthrew the Yuan dynasty, renamed the city Yingtian, rebuilt it, and made it the dynastic capital in 1368. He constructed a 48 km (30 mi) long city wall around Yingtian, as well as a new Ming Palace complex, and government halls. It took 2...
Who did Zhu Yuanzhang defeat?
{ "text": [ "the Yuan dynasty" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }
56e788b100c9c71400d7725d
Nanjing
The first emperor of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang (the Hongwu Emperor), who overthrew the Yuan dynasty, renamed the city Yingtian, rebuilt it, and made it the dynastic capital in 1368. He constructed a 48 km (30 mi) long city wall around Yingtian, as well as a new Ming Palace complex, and government halls. It took 2...
What did Zhu Yuanzhang build around the city of Nanjing?
{ "text": [ "long city wall" ], "answer_start": [ 219 ] }
56e788b200c9c71400d7725e
Nanjing
The first emperor of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang (the Hongwu Emperor), who overthrew the Yuan dynasty, renamed the city Yingtian, rebuilt it, and made it the dynastic capital in 1368. He constructed a 48 km (30 mi) long city wall around Yingtian, as well as a new Ming Palace complex, and government halls. It took 2...
How long did it take to finish the wall?
{ "text": [ "21 years" ], "answer_start": [ 336 ] }
56e788b200c9c71400d7725f
Nanjing
The first emperor of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang (the Hongwu Emperor), who overthrew the Yuan dynasty, renamed the city Yingtian, rebuilt it, and made it the dynastic capital in 1368. He constructed a 48 km (30 mi) long city wall around Yingtian, as well as a new Ming Palace complex, and government halls. It took 2...
How many workers worked on the wall?
{ "text": [ "200,000" ], "answer_start": [ 319 ] }
56e7894300c9c71400d77265
Nanjing
It is believed that Nanjing was the largest city in the world from 1358 to 1425 with a population of 487,000 in 1400. Nanjing remained the capital of the Ming Empire until 1421, when the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, the Yongle Emperor, relocated the capital to Beijing.
When was Nanjing considered to be the biggest city in the world?
{ "text": [ "from 1358 to 1425" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
56e7894300c9c71400d77266
Nanjing
It is believed that Nanjing was the largest city in the world from 1358 to 1425 with a population of 487,000 in 1400. Nanjing remained the capital of the Ming Empire until 1421, when the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, the Yongle Emperor, relocated the capital to Beijing.
What was the number of people in Nanjing in 1400?
{ "text": [ "487,000" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }
56e7894300c9c71400d77267
Nanjing
It is believed that Nanjing was the largest city in the world from 1358 to 1425 with a population of 487,000 in 1400. Nanjing remained the capital of the Ming Empire until 1421, when the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, the Yongle Emperor, relocated the capital to Beijing.
When did Nanjing cease to be the capital?
{ "text": [ "1421" ], "answer_start": [ 172 ] }
56e7894300c9c71400d77268
Nanjing
It is believed that Nanjing was the largest city in the world from 1358 to 1425 with a population of 487,000 in 1400. Nanjing remained the capital of the Ming Empire until 1421, when the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, the Yongle Emperor, relocated the capital to Beijing.
Where was the capital moved to?
{ "text": [ "Beijing" ], "answer_start": [ 267 ] }
56e7894300c9c71400d77269
Nanjing
It is believed that Nanjing was the largest city in the world from 1358 to 1425 with a population of 487,000 in 1400. Nanjing remained the capital of the Ming Empire until 1421, when the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, the Yongle Emperor, relocated the capital to Beijing.
Who was the third emperor of the Ming dynasty?
{ "text": [ "the Yongle Emperor" ], "answer_start": [ 222 ] }
56e78a5637bdd419002c40e5
Nanjing
Besides the city wall, other famous Ming-era structures in the city included the famous Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and Porcelain Tower, although the latter was destroyed by the Taipings in the 19th century either in order to prevent a hostile faction from using it to observe and shell the city or from superstitious fear o...
What is the name of the famous mausoleum in Nanjing?
{ "text": [ "Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }
56e78a5637bdd419002c40e6
Nanjing
Besides the city wall, other famous Ming-era structures in the city included the famous Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and Porcelain Tower, although the latter was destroyed by the Taipings in the 19th century either in order to prevent a hostile faction from using it to observe and shell the city or from superstitious fear o...
Who decimated the Porcelain Tower?
{ "text": [ "the Taipings" ], "answer_start": [ 170 ] }
56e78a5637bdd419002c40e7
Nanjing
Besides the city wall, other famous Ming-era structures in the city included the famous Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and Porcelain Tower, although the latter was destroyed by the Taipings in the 19th century either in order to prevent a hostile faction from using it to observe and shell the city or from superstitious fear o...
When was the Porcelain Tower destroyed?
{ "text": [ "in the 19th century" ], "answer_start": [ 183 ] }
56e78a5637bdd419002c40e8
Nanjing
Besides the city wall, other famous Ming-era structures in the city included the famous Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and Porcelain Tower, although the latter was destroyed by the Taipings in the 19th century either in order to prevent a hostile faction from using it to observe and shell the city or from superstitious fear o...
One possibility the Tower was destroyed was to prevent it's use by a hostile enemy. What is the other possibility?
{ "text": [ "superstitious fear of its geomantic properties" ], "answer_start": [ 300 ] }
56e78af900c9c71400d77279
Nanjing
A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600...
How far from Nanjing is the Yangshan Quarry?
{ "text": [ "15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }
56e78af900c9c71400d7727a
Nanjing
A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600...
What large item is abandoned at the Quarry?
{ "text": [ "a gigantic stele" ], "answer_start": [ 222 ] }
56e78af900c9c71400d7727b
Nanjing
A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600...
How long ago was the stele abandoned?
{ "text": [ "600 years ago" ], "answer_start": [ 317 ] }
56e78af900c9c71400d7727c
Nanjing
A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600...
Why was the stele abandoned?
{ "text": [ "it was impossible to move or complete it" ], "answer_start": [ 354 ] }
56e78af900c9c71400d7727d
Nanjing
A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600...
Who ordered the creation of the stele?
{ "text": [ "the Yongle Emperor" ], "answer_start": [ 261 ] }
56e78bb537bdd419002c4108
Nanjing
As the center of the empire, early-Ming Nanjing had worldwide connections. It was home of the admiral Zheng He, who went to sail the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and it was visited by foreign dignitaries, such as a king from Borneo (Boni 渤泥), who died during his visit to China in 1408. The Tomb of the King of Boni, with ...
What Admiral called Nanjing his home?
{ "text": [ "admiral Zheng He" ], "answer_start": [ 94 ] }
56e78bb537bdd419002c4109
Nanjing
As the center of the empire, early-Ming Nanjing had worldwide connections. It was home of the admiral Zheng He, who went to sail the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and it was visited by foreign dignitaries, such as a king from Borneo (Boni 渤泥), who died during his visit to China in 1408. The Tomb of the King of Boni, with ...
What visiting king died in China in 1408?
{ "text": [ "(Boni 渤泥)" ], "answer_start": [ 230 ] }
56e78bb537bdd419002c410a
Nanjing
As the center of the empire, early-Ming Nanjing had worldwide connections. It was home of the admiral Zheng He, who went to sail the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and it was visited by foreign dignitaries, such as a king from Borneo (Boni 渤泥), who died during his visit to China in 1408. The Tomb of the King of Boni, with ...
What country did this visiting king come from?
{ "text": [ "Borneo" ], "answer_start": [ 223 ] }
56e78bb537bdd419002c410b
Nanjing
As the center of the empire, early-Ming Nanjing had worldwide connections. It was home of the admiral Zheng He, who went to sail the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and it was visited by foreign dignitaries, such as a king from Borneo (Boni 渤泥), who died during his visit to China in 1408. The Tomb of the King of Boni, with ...
What stele is at Boni's tomb?
{ "text": [ "a tortoise stele" ], "answer_start": [ 337 ] }
56e78cab00c9c71400d77293
Nanjing
Over two centuries after the removal of the capital to Beijing, Nanjing was destined to become the capital of a Ming emperor one more time. After the fall of Beijing to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and then to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in the spring of 1644, the Ming prince Zhu Yousong was enthroned in Nanjing in June 1...
When did Beijing lose to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and the Manchu-led Qing dynasty?
{ "text": [ "1644" ], "answer_start": [ 252 ] }
56e78cab00c9c71400d77294
Nanjing
Over two centuries after the removal of the capital to Beijing, Nanjing was destined to become the capital of a Ming emperor one more time. After the fall of Beijing to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and then to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in the spring of 1644, the Ming prince Zhu Yousong was enthroned in Nanjing in June 1...
What Ming prince was enthroned in Nanjing?
{ "text": [ "Zhu Yousong" ], "answer_start": [ 274 ] }
56e78cab00c9c71400d77295
Nanjing
Over two centuries after the removal of the capital to Beijing, Nanjing was destined to become the capital of a Ming emperor one more time. After the fall of Beijing to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and then to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in the spring of 1644, the Ming prince Zhu Yousong was enthroned in Nanjing in June 1...
When was Zhu Yousong enthroned?
{ "text": [ "in June 1644" ], "answer_start": [ 311 ] }
56e78cab00c9c71400d77296
Nanjing
Over two centuries after the removal of the capital to Beijing, Nanjing was destined to become the capital of a Ming emperor one more time. After the fall of Beijing to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and then to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in the spring of 1644, the Ming prince Zhu Yousong was enthroned in Nanjing in June 1...
What was Zhu Yousong's title?
{ "text": [ "the Hongguang Emperor" ], "answer_start": [ 327 ] }
56e78cab00c9c71400d77297
Nanjing
Over two centuries after the removal of the capital to Beijing, Nanjing was destined to become the capital of a Ming emperor one more time. After the fall of Beijing to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and then to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in the spring of 1644, the Ming prince Zhu Yousong was enthroned in Nanjing in June 1...
The Hongguang Emperor's reign was thought of as the first reign of what dynasty?
{ "text": [ "the so-called Southern Ming dynasty" ], "answer_start": [ 422 ] }
56e78da500c9c71400d772a5
Nanjing
Zhu Yousong, however, fared a lot worse than his ancestor Zhu Yuanzhang three centuries earlier. Beset by factional conflicts, his regime could not offer effective resistance to Qing forces, when the Qing army, led by the Manchu prince Dodo approached Jiangnan the next spring. Days after Yangzhou fell to the Manchus in...
When did the Hongguang Emperor leave Nanjing, having been defeated?
{ "text": [ "late May 1645" ], "answer_start": [ 321 ] }
56e78da500c9c71400d772a7
Nanjing
Zhu Yousong, however, fared a lot worse than his ancestor Zhu Yuanzhang three centuries earlier. Beset by factional conflicts, his regime could not offer effective resistance to Qing forces, when the Qing army, led by the Manchu prince Dodo approached Jiangnan the next spring. Days after Yangzhou fell to the Manchus in...
Who surrendered Nanjing to invaders on June 6?
{ "text": [ "Zhao the Earl of Xincheng" ], "answer_start": [ 519 ] }
56e78da500c9c71400d772a8
Nanjing
Zhu Yousong, however, fared a lot worse than his ancestor Zhu Yuanzhang three centuries earlier. Beset by factional conflicts, his regime could not offer effective resistance to Qing forces, when the Qing army, led by the Manchu prince Dodo approached Jiangnan the next spring. Days after Yangzhou fell to the Manchus in...
What did the Manchu's make all the men in the city do?
{ "text": [ "shave their heads" ], "answer_start": [ 644 ] }
56e78ed237bdd419002c412f
Nanjing
Under the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the Nanjing area was known as Jiangning (江寧) and served as the seat of government for the Viceroy of Liangjiang. It had been visited by the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors a number of times on their tours of the southern provinces. Nanjing was invaded by British troops during the close ...
When was the Qing dynasty in power?
{ "text": [ "1644–1911" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }
56e78ed237bdd419002c4130
Nanjing
Under the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the Nanjing area was known as Jiangning (江寧) and served as the seat of government for the Viceroy of Liangjiang. It had been visited by the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors a number of times on their tours of the southern provinces. Nanjing was invaded by British troops during the close ...
What was Nanjing called during the Qing dynasty?
{ "text": [ "Jiangning" ], "answer_start": [ 66 ] }
56e78ed237bdd419002c4132
Nanjing
Under the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the Nanjing area was known as Jiangning (江寧) and served as the seat of government for the Viceroy of Liangjiang. It had been visited by the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors a number of times on their tours of the southern provinces. Nanjing was invaded by British troops during the close ...
What emperors visited Nanjing more than once?
{ "text": [ "the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors" ], "answer_start": [ 172 ] }
56e78ed237bdd419002c4133
Nanjing
Under the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the Nanjing area was known as Jiangning (江寧) and served as the seat of government for the Viceroy of Liangjiang. It had been visited by the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors a number of times on their tours of the southern provinces. Nanjing was invaded by British troops during the close ...
What year did the First Opium War end?
{ "text": [ "1842" ], "answer_start": [ 388 ] }
56e78fe637bdd419002c4143
Nanjing
Both the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king resided in buildings that would later be known as the Presidential Palace. When Qing forces led by Zeng Guofan retook the city in 1864, a massive slaughter occurred in the city with over 100,000 estimated to have committed suicide or fought to the death. Since the Taiping Rebe...
Who lived in buildings that would later come to be known as the Presidential Palace?
{ "text": [ "the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king" ], "answer_start": [ 5 ] }
56e78fe637bdd419002c4144
Nanjing
Both the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king resided in buildings that would later be known as the Presidential Palace. When Qing forces led by Zeng Guofan retook the city in 1864, a massive slaughter occurred in the city with over 100,000 estimated to have committed suicide or fought to the death. Since the Taiping Rebe...
When did Qing troops regain Nanjing?
{ "text": [ "1864" ], "answer_start": [ 173 ] }
56e78fe637bdd419002c4145
Nanjing
Both the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king resided in buildings that would later be known as the Presidential Palace. When Qing forces led by Zeng Guofan retook the city in 1864, a massive slaughter occurred in the city with over 100,000 estimated to have committed suicide or fought to the death. Since the Taiping Rebe...
How many people died during the Qing troops retaking of Nanjing?
{ "text": [ "over 100,000" ], "answer_start": [ 225 ] }
56e78fe637bdd419002c4146
Nanjing
Both the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king resided in buildings that would later be known as the Presidential Palace. When Qing forces led by Zeng Guofan retook the city in 1864, a massive slaughter occurred in the city with over 100,000 estimated to have committed suicide or fought to the death. Since the Taiping Rebe...
Qing troops allowed no rebels who spoke what dialect to surrender?
{ "text": [ "Taiping" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }
56e78fe637bdd419002c4147
Nanjing
Both the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king resided in buildings that would later be known as the Presidential Palace. When Qing forces led by Zeng Guofan retook the city in 1864, a massive slaughter occurred in the city with over 100,000 estimated to have committed suicide or fought to the death. Since the Taiping Rebe...
Who was the leader of the Qing troops?
{ "text": [ "Zeng Guofan" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }
56e7909700c9c71400d772e1
Nanjing
The Xinhai Revolution led to the founding of the Republic of China in January 1912 with Sun Yat-sen as the first provisional president and Nanking was selected as its new capital. However, the Qing Empire controlled large regions to the north, so revolutionaries asked Yuan Shikai to replace Sun as president in exchange...
When was the Republic of China founded?
{ "text": [ "January 1912" ], "answer_start": [ 70 ] }
56e7909700c9c71400d772e2
Nanjing
The Xinhai Revolution led to the founding of the Republic of China in January 1912 with Sun Yat-sen as the first provisional president and Nanking was selected as its new capital. However, the Qing Empire controlled large regions to the north, so revolutionaries asked Yuan Shikai to replace Sun as president in exchange...
Who was the first president of the Republic of China?
{ "text": [ "Sun Yat-sen" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }
56e7909700c9c71400d772e4
Nanjing
The Xinhai Revolution led to the founding of the Republic of China in January 1912 with Sun Yat-sen as the first provisional president and Nanking was selected as its new capital. However, the Qing Empire controlled large regions to the north, so revolutionaries asked Yuan Shikai to replace Sun as president in exchange...
Who moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing?
{ "text": [ "Yuan Shikai" ], "answer_start": [ 269 ] }
56e791fe37bdd419002c4167
Nanjing
In 1927, the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party) under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek again established Nanjing as the capital of the Republic of China, and this became internationally recognized once KMT forces took Beijing in 1928. The following decade is known as the Nanking decade.
When was Nanjing re-established as the capital of the Republic of China?
{ "text": [ "1927" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
56e791fe37bdd419002c4168
Nanjing
In 1927, the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party) under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek again established Nanjing as the capital of the Republic of China, and this became internationally recognized once KMT forces took Beijing in 1928. The following decade is known as the Nanking decade.
What party established Nanjing as the capital of the Republic of China?
{ "text": [ "the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party)" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56e791fe37bdd419002c4169
Nanjing
In 1927, the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party) under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek again established Nanjing as the capital of the Republic of China, and this became internationally recognized once KMT forces took Beijing in 1928. The following decade is known as the Nanking decade.
Who was the leader of the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party)?
{ "text": [ "Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }
56e791fe37bdd419002c416a
Nanjing
In 1927, the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party) under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek again established Nanjing as the capital of the Republic of China, and this became internationally recognized once KMT forces took Beijing in 1928. The following decade is known as the Nanking decade.
What are the 1930's known as, in China?
{ "text": [ "the Nanking decade" ], "answer_start": [ 266 ] }
56e791fe37bdd419002c416b
Nanjing
In 1927, the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party) under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek again established Nanjing as the capital of the Republic of China, and this became internationally recognized once KMT forces took Beijing in 1928. The following decade is known as the Nanking decade.
When did the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party) defeat and take over Beijing?
{ "text": [ "1928" ], "answer_start": [ 227 ] }
56e792e237bdd419002c417f
Nanjing
In 1937, the Empire of Japan started a full-scale invasion of China after invading Manchuria in 1931, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War (often considered a theatre of World War II). Their troops occupied Nanjing in December and carried out the systematic and brutal Nanking Massacre (the "Rape of Nanking"). Even ch...
When did Japan invade Manchuria?
{ "text": [ "1931" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }
56e792e237bdd419002c4180
Nanjing
In 1937, the Empire of Japan started a full-scale invasion of China after invading Manchuria in 1931, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War (often considered a theatre of World War II). Their troops occupied Nanjing in December and carried out the systematic and brutal Nanking Massacre (the "Rape of Nanking"). Even ch...
When did Japan invade all of China?
{ "text": [ "1937" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
56e792e237bdd419002c4181
Nanjing
In 1937, the Empire of Japan started a full-scale invasion of China after invading Manchuria in 1931, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War (often considered a theatre of World War II). Their troops occupied Nanjing in December and carried out the systematic and brutal Nanking Massacre (the "Rape of Nanking"). Even ch...
Who killed innocent civilians in the Nanking Massacre?
{ "text": [ "the Imperial Japanese Army" ], "answer_start": [ 396 ] }
56e792e237bdd419002c4182
Nanjing
In 1937, the Empire of Japan started a full-scale invasion of China after invading Manchuria in 1931, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War (often considered a theatre of World War II). Their troops occupied Nanjing in December and carried out the systematic and brutal Nanking Massacre (the "Rape of Nanking"). Even ch...
How many died in the Nanking Massacre?
{ "text": [ "between 300,000 and 350,000" ], "answer_start": [ 568 ] }
56e792e237bdd419002c4183
Nanjing
In 1937, the Empire of Japan started a full-scale invasion of China after invading Manchuria in 1931, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War (often considered a theatre of World War II). Their troops occupied Nanjing in December and carried out the systematic and brutal Nanking Massacre (the "Rape of Nanking"). Even ch...
When was the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall built?
{ "text": [ "1985" ], "answer_start": [ 708 ] }
56e797ad00c9c71400d77329
Nanjing
A few days before the fall of the city, the National Government of China was relocated to the southwestern city Chungking (Chongqing) and resumed Chinese resistance. In 1940, a Japanese-collaborationist government known as the "Nanjing Regime" or "Reorganized National Government of China" led by Wang Jingwei was establ...
When was the National Government of China moved to Chungking?
{ "text": [ "A few days before the fall of the city" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56e797ad00c9c71400d7732a
Nanjing
A few days before the fall of the city, the National Government of China was relocated to the southwestern city Chungking (Chongqing) and resumed Chinese resistance. In 1940, a Japanese-collaborationist government known as the "Nanjing Regime" or "Reorganized National Government of China" led by Wang Jingwei was establ...
When was the Nanjing Regime established?
{ "text": [ "1940" ], "answer_start": [ 169 ] }
56e797ad00c9c71400d7732b
Nanjing
A few days before the fall of the city, the National Government of China was relocated to the southwestern city Chungking (Chongqing) and resumed Chinese resistance. In 1940, a Japanese-collaborationist government known as the "Nanjing Regime" or "Reorganized National Government of China" led by Wang Jingwei was establ...
Who was the leader of the Nanjing Regime?
{ "text": [ "Wang Jingwei" ], "answer_start": [ 297 ] }
56e797ad00c9c71400d7732c
Nanjing
A few days before the fall of the city, the National Government of China was relocated to the southwestern city Chungking (Chongqing) and resumed Chinese resistance. In 1940, a Japanese-collaborationist government known as the "Nanjing Regime" or "Reorganized National Government of China" led by Wang Jingwei was establ...
When did the KMT move back to Nanjing?
{ "text": [ "1946" ], "answer_start": [ 397 ] }
56e797ad00c9c71400d7732d
Nanjing
A few days before the fall of the city, the National Government of China was relocated to the southwestern city Chungking (Chongqing) and resumed Chinese resistance. In 1940, a Japanese-collaborationist government known as the "Nanjing Regime" or "Reorganized National Government of China" led by Wang Jingwei was establ...
What was another name for the Nanjing Regime?
{ "text": [ "\"Reorganized National Government of China\"" ], "answer_start": [ 247 ] }
56e7989c37bdd419002c41d3
Nanjing
On 21 April, Communist forces crossed the Yangtze River. On April 23, 1949, the Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA) captured Nanjing. The KMT government retreated to Canton (Guangzhou) until October 15, Chongqing until November 25, and then Chengdu before retreating to Taiwan on December 10. By late 1949, the PLA ...
When did the Communist troops cross the Yangtze River?
{ "text": [ "21 April" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
56e7989c37bdd419002c41d4
Nanjing
On 21 April, Communist forces crossed the Yangtze River. On April 23, 1949, the Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA) captured Nanjing. The KMT government retreated to Canton (Guangzhou) until October 15, Chongqing until November 25, and then Chengdu before retreating to Taiwan on December 10. By late 1949, the PLA ...
When was Nanjing conquered by the Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA)?
{ "text": [ "April 23, 1949" ], "answer_start": [ 60 ] }
56e7989c37bdd419002c41d5
Nanjing
On 21 April, Communist forces crossed the Yangtze River. On April 23, 1949, the Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA) captured Nanjing. The KMT government retreated to Canton (Guangzhou) until October 15, Chongqing until November 25, and then Chengdu before retreating to Taiwan on December 10. By late 1949, the PLA ...
Where did the KMT government stay until October 15?
{ "text": [ "Canton (Guangzhou)" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }
56e7989c37bdd419002c41d6
Nanjing
On 21 April, Communist forces crossed the Yangtze River. On April 23, 1949, the Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA) captured Nanjing. The KMT government retreated to Canton (Guangzhou) until October 15, Chongqing until November 25, and then Chengdu before retreating to Taiwan on December 10. By late 1949, the PLA ...
When did the KMT government head to Taiwan?
{ "text": [ "December 10" ], "answer_start": [ 285 ] }
56e7989c37bdd419002c41d7
Nanjing
On 21 April, Communist forces crossed the Yangtze River. On April 23, 1949, the Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA) captured Nanjing. The KMT government retreated to Canton (Guangzhou) until October 15, Chongqing until November 25, and then Chengdu before retreating to Taiwan on December 10. By late 1949, the PLA ...
When was the People's Republic of China formed?
{ "text": [ "October 1949" ], "answer_start": [ 472 ] }
56e7997100c9c71400d7735b
Nanjing
Nanjing, with a total land area of 6,598 square kilometres (2,548 sq mi), is situated in the heartland of drainage area of lower reaches of Yangtze River, and in Yangtze River Delta, one of the largest economic zones of China. The Yangtze River flows past the west side and then north side of Nanjing City, while the Nin...
How large is Nanjing, in miles?
{ "text": [ "2,548 sq mi" ], "answer_start": [ 60 ] }
56e7997100c9c71400d7735c
Nanjing
Nanjing, with a total land area of 6,598 square kilometres (2,548 sq mi), is situated in the heartland of drainage area of lower reaches of Yangtze River, and in Yangtze River Delta, one of the largest economic zones of China. The Yangtze River flows past the west side and then north side of Nanjing City, while the Nin...
Where does the Yangtze River flow in Nanjing?
{ "text": [ "past the west side and then north side" ], "answer_start": [ 251 ] }
56e7997100c9c71400d7735d
Nanjing
Nanjing, with a total land area of 6,598 square kilometres (2,548 sq mi), is situated in the heartland of drainage area of lower reaches of Yangtze River, and in Yangtze River Delta, one of the largest economic zones of China. The Yangtze River flows past the west side and then north side of Nanjing City, while the Nin...
How far is Nanjing from Shanghai, in miles?
{ "text": [ "190 mi" ], "answer_start": [ 415 ] }
56e7997100c9c71400d7735e
Nanjing
Nanjing, with a total land area of 6,598 square kilometres (2,548 sq mi), is situated in the heartland of drainage area of lower reaches of Yangtze River, and in Yangtze River Delta, one of the largest economic zones of China. The Yangtze River flows past the west side and then north side of Nanjing City, while the Nin...
How far is Nanjing from Beijing?
{ "text": [ "750 mi" ], "answer_start": [ 469 ] }
56e7997100c9c71400d7735f
Nanjing
Nanjing, with a total land area of 6,598 square kilometres (2,548 sq mi), is situated in the heartland of drainage area of lower reaches of Yangtze River, and in Yangtze River Delta, one of the largest economic zones of China. The Yangtze River flows past the west side and then north side of Nanjing City, while the Nin...
What is the name of the area of land around Nanjing?
{ "text": [ "Hsiajiang (下江, Downstream River) region" ], "answer_start": [ 857 ] }