البعد القانوني للتمييز العنصريّ نماذج تطبيقية "جنوب أفريقيا وفلسطين"

Abstract:
يعتبر نظام الفصل العنصريّ الذي شهدته جنوب أفريقيا، والذي ما زالت تشهده فلسطين، أشد أنظمة الفصل العنصريّ وأكثرها استبدادًا، فالأفريقيون هم أصحاب الأرض المضطهدون على أرضهم من قبل المستوطنين البيض، كذلك الأمر في فلسطين حيث مارست إسرائيل ولا تزال أبشع سياسات وقوانين التمييز العنصريّ ضد الشعب الفلسطيني الذي له الأحقية بأرضه.

انتهت قضية التمييز العنصريّ في جنوب أفريقيا، والتي استمرت لأكثر من خمسين عامًا، نتيجةً للاهتمام الكبير الذي حظيت به من قبل الأمم المتحدة، ونتيجة العقوبات التي فرضت من قبل المجتمع الدولي. أمَّا الاحتلال الإسرائيلي لفلسطين فما زال مستمرًا رغم كافة المحاولات لإنهائه. لذلك تسعى الدراسة للإجابة على سؤال محوري هو: ما وضعية التمييز العنصريّ في فلسطين ومقارنته بجنوب أفريقيا في ضوء القانون الدولي والشرعية الدولية بعهودها وقراراتها ومواثيقها؟


Poskytování právního poradenství

Abstract: Rozsah a zaměření tohoto článku neumožňují podat vyčerpávající charakteristiku jednotlivých kategorií klientů NGOs. Nejedná se ani o klasickou teoretickou studii, snahou naopak po obecném teoretickém úvodu zůstává přiblížit praktické otázky činnosti právních poradců nevládních organizací. Tento příspěvek si však neklade za cíl komplexně vyřešit všechny problemy, které se v této oblasti nabízejí.


Índice de autores

Revista Digital de Derecho  Administrativo


Transformative constitutionalism and the fault requirement of the common law of personality

Abstract: This article examines the relationship between transformative constitutionalism, legal ideology, and the fault requirement in South Africa’s common law of personality. It emphasises the need to balance individualistic and collectivist values in alignment with transformative constitutionalism’s imperatives of personal development and social cohesion in the context of the law of personality. The ensuing analysis reveals that the current fault requirement, an exclusive reliance on intention-based liability, inadequately addresses the collectivist values crucial to transformative constitutionalism. This leads to an underappreciation of the complete constitutional social value of the human personality as a legally protected interest. The article advocates a solution within the transformative constitutionalism paradigm, proposing the horizontal application of fundamental rights and constitutional values. This approach facilitates the articulation of the comprehensive constitutional social value of the human personality, encompassing both individualistic and collectivist dimensions. In conclusion, the article calls for an adjustment of the framework of the common law of personality, recommending the introduction of negligence-based liability into the fault requirement of the actio iniuriarum. This adjustment aims to enhance the protection of the human personality while effectively balancing individualistic and collectivist values in line with constitutional imperatives.


تـجـزؤ الاجـتـهـاد عند الأصوليين

د. علي بن خضران بن محمد العُمري

د. علي بن خضران بن محمد العُمري


Non-Competition Agreements: Problems of Theory and Practice

Abstract: The realization of freedom of labor by the employee through the termination of employment and the subsequent conclusion of an employment contract with a company that competes with the previous employer is detrimental to the interests of the later. The article contains an attempt to substantiate the necessity and possibility of introducing noncompetition agreements in the Russian labor legislation. In the light of the wide spread of such agreements abroad, the experience of various countries is represented, and the main aspects to be taken into consideration while concluding non-competition agreements are analyzed: 1) the reasonableness of conclusion of such agreements; 2) the form of conclusion; 3) the information about the actions to be performed/not performed by the employee; 4) the categories of employees with whom non-competition agreements may be concluded; 5) the term and the territory of the agreement; 6) compensation of the employee. Author reviewed the current positions of state authorities and the scientific community on the raised issue. In addition, the author provides arguments in favor of using this type of agreements, as well as possible options for adapting it to national legal conditions, taking into account the principle of freedom of labor.

Теоретическая и прикладная юриспруденция

North-West Institute of Management, Branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)


Judicial Exposition of Gender Justice as a Constitutional Mandate: A Narrative from India

Abstract: The catalytic role played by the Indian judiciary in providing visibility to the ‘covert social prejudices’ against females has succeeded in alleviating the condition of women in our patriarchal society. This paper strives to highlight the proactive role played by the judiciary in recent years, addressing women concerns in a different light, which were hitherto unconditionally accepted with complacence. Purposive approach adopted by the judiciary in interpreting existing laws, manifests adherence to the constitutional mandate of gender equality. Further, an attempt has been made to identify the areas where judicial action has fallen short in bringing about real justice to women. The research is primarily based on the normative method presenting qualitative analysis of the constitutional and legislative provisions and their judicial exposition. The paper concludes that judicial creativity needs the backing of social acceptability to bring about real social transformation towards the constitutional mandate of gender justice.

Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence


The Issue of Corruption Crimes in the Sphere of Natural Resources Protection (Criminology Aspect)

Abstract: The article is devoted to the manifestations of corruption in the field of natural resources’ protection. The author gives examples of investigative and judicial practices, suggests the ways of improving legislation in law enforcement optimization in this sphere.


Three Dimensions for SCO to Improve Legislation

Abstract:
The 21st century is the “era of international organizations”. the SCO is facing a realistic dilemma of “insufficient rule orientation”, “imperfect international law system” and “uneven level of rule of law among its members”. International law has its own structural dilemma of uncertainty, which lies in structure, language and doctrine, and overturns the existing international law system. Within the framework of the SCO, the traditional normal way can’t quickly and effectively establish legislation. The argumentative paradigm is rooted in the “intersubjectivity” of the international community, reshaping the effectiveness and source scope of international law, and using this paradigm can quickly and effectively build a set of international law system for SCO. This paradigm needs value guidance in line with universal rationality. The “community with a shared future for mankind” proposed by the Chairman Xi Jinping is expected to achieve the multi-dimensional goals of common prosperity, universal security, openness and win-win results, equality and inclusiveness, and joint construction, which can provide a value orientation for the development of SCO international law. This paper focuses on the SCO, tries to elaborate the problems faced by the SCO from the perspective of international law, and puts forward the research paradigm of improving the construction of SCO international law and the value orientation of “community with a shared future for mankind” on the basis of its system, in order to further clarify the direction of efforts to build the SCO legal system. Under the guidance of the theory of community with a shared future for mankind, the SCO’s practice of argumentative international law can improve the legal system construction within the organization on the basis of maintaining regional peace, and then contribute to the SCO’s participation in world governance and the promotion of the rise of Asia.

Keywords: norms, indeterminacy, argumentalism, community with a shared future, SCO

Ван  Хэюн
Д.В. Татаринов

Halyk̦aralyk̦ k̦atynastar ža̋ne halyk̦aralyk̦ k̦u̇k̦yk̦ seriâsì

Comparative law. International uniform law


К вопросу совершенствования антикоррупционного законодательства

Abstract:
Данная статья посвящена вопросам совершенствования антикоррупционного законодательства через призму обязательного проведения независимой антикоррупционной экспертизы законопроектов и подзаконных актов. В статье авторы излагают обоснованные выводы о необходимости учета мнения экспертов при принятии закона и отслеживания реализации антикоррупционных предложений экспертных групп, высказанных на стадии подготовки проектов нормативно-правовых актов.
Ключевые слова: антикоррупционное законодательство, антикоррупционная экспертиза, проект нормативно-правовых актов, антикоррупционная стратегия.

Хабаршы. Заң сериясы


Preface: Crime and Punishment in Time and Space – Introduction

Bergen Journal of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice


O discurso não proferido em homenagem a Juarez Tavares

Abstract: Falar sobre Juarez Tavares é uma tarefa agradável, por muitas razões: a descrição de sua personalidade sugere substantivos fortes e adjetivos dignificantes, que tornam o discurso fácil e fluente. E, na comemoração dos seus 80 anos, rodeado por amigos e admiradores, é importante destacar as dimensões filosófica, política e científica de sua personalidade carismática e comunicativa, que produzem profunda impressão em todos os que o conhecem ou com ele convivem, de uma forma ou de outra.

Instituto Brasileiro de Ciências Criminais (IBCCRIM)

Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology


Incentive Forms of Court Proceedings as an Element of the Transformation of the Criminal Process

Abstract:
Criminal procedure is a complex type of legal relationship that is coercive in nature. At the same time, the trend of liberalisation and humanisation of criminal and criminal procedure law leads to a differentiation of the criminal procedure form, including through the expansion of incentive procedures.

At present, the law of criminal procedure in most States provides for certain types of proceedings which have the effect of encouraging a person accused of an offence by exempting him or her from criminal responsibility or by minimizing the amount of the criminal penalty. As a means of legal regulation, the rules on incentives impose legally binding obligations.

Being strictly regulated by its form the procedure of procedural actions of the court and other professional participants of the process, involves the implementation of incentive rules, provided by the legislation in force, in the framework of the incentive form of criminal proceedings. The study has shown that the incentive form of proceedings can be implemented in criminal proceedings under the general procedure of court proceedings (implementation of restorative justice, reconciliation of the parties, termination of the criminal case on other non-rehabilitative grounds). The incentive form of legal proceedings is implemented directly in the context of simplified or accelerated court proceedings (when considering a criminal case under a special procedure, when entering into a pre-trial cooperation agreement, etc.).

The analysis shows that encouragement in criminal proceedings is provided by the state in the form of relevant substantive rules providing grounds for exemption from punishment or grounds for preferential calculation of punishment. However, the state does not guarantee the implementation of such encouragement due to the discretionary powers of the authorised subjects and the plurality of persons involved in the incentive criminal procedure relations and their interests.

The author concludes that the current state of the institution of incentives in criminal proceedings indicates its dynamism and transformation into a more complex procedural form, which is widely spread and implemented in the criminal process of many states.

At the same time, we believe that the incentive form of legal proceedings in view of its mutual benefit acquires the features of universality, since the simplified and accelerated procedures for resolving criminal cases in most cases allow to take into account the interests of all parties involved in the case. Therefore, the incentive form of criminal proceedings is characterized by such features as universality, mutual benefit, efficiency.

Under the current criminal procedural law, the incentive form of proceedings can include a special procedure for taking a judicial decision when the accused agrees to the charges, a special procedure for taking a judicial decision when the accused signs a pre-trial agreement on cooperation, the institution of release from criminal responsibility on assessable grounds (including restorative justice).

International Journal of Law in Changing World


Los  Sistemas de Creencias en la política de drogas en Colombia 2000-2015. Un análisis desde el Marco de Coaliciones Promotoras

Abstract: El fracaso de la lucha contra las drogas ilícitas en Colombia en las últimas décadas, el aumento en los índices de consumo y la relativa tendencia de algunos países a legalizar ciertas sustancias, hacen relevante retomar el análisis de las políticas públicas encaminadas a enfrentar ese fenómeno, desde enfoques no tradicionales. En ese sentido, este artículo aborda esa problemática desde el enfoque del Marco de Coaliciones Promotoras y busca determinar los sistemas de creencias que han incidido en el diseño y desarrollo de la política de drogas en Colombia, desde el 2000, momento en que se inició el Plan Colombia, hasta que se completó su tercera fase en 2015. El estudio hace uso de la revisión documental como principal método de análisis, enfocándose en los discursos de las élites de la política pública de drogas en el país.

Daniel Acevedo Gómez
Andrés Macías Tolosa


Minimalismos, abolucionismos e eficienticismo: a crise do sistema penal entre a deslegitimação e a expansão

Abstract: O texto trata de contextualizar oMinimalismo e o Abolicionismo penal nohorizonte de crise de legitimidade oudeslegitimação do sistema penal, apontando parasua complexidade e pluralidade (o que impede sefale de minimalismo e abolicionismo no singular)e para sua relação com o Eficientismo penal e aexpansão do sistema penal. Partindo do argumentoda existência de diferentes minimalismos eabolicionismos, tanto no plano teorético quantono plano prático-reformista, e das diferentesformas de pendularismo e cruzamento entreminimalismo-abolicionismo-eficientismo,fundamenta-se a tese de que a antítese doabolicionismo não é o minimalismo, mas oeficientismo penal, e o rumo da política criminal contemporânea que ele protagoniza (associado, paradoxalmente, ao minimalismo reformista). Conseqüentemente, o dilema do nosso tempo nãoé, como corriqueiramente se debate, a escolhabipolar entre minimalismo e abolicionismo, masa concorrência, absolutamente desleal, entre atotalizadora colonização do eficientismo e aaversão ao abolicionismo, mediados pelo pretensoequilíbrio prudente de minimalismos de híbridaidentidade.The text deals with contextualizar theMinimalism and the criminal Abolitionism in thehorizon of legitimacy crisis or non-legitimation ofthe criminal system , pointing with respect to itscomplexity and plurality (what it hinders if saysof minimalism and abolitionism in the singular)and with respect to its relation with the criminalefficientism and the expansion of the criminalsystem. Breaking of the argument of the existenceof different minimalisms and abolitionisms, asmuch in the theoretical plan how much in the planpractical-reformist, e of the different forms ofpendularism and crossing between minimalismabolitionism-efficientism, it is based thesis of thatthe antithesis of the abolitionism is not theminimalism, but the criminal efficientism, the route of the criminal politics contemporary who it carries out (associated, paradoxicalally, to the reformist minimalism). Consequently, thequandary of our time is not, as current if debate,the bipolar choice between minimalism andabolitionism, but the competition, absolutelydisloyal, it enters the totalizer settling of theeficientism and the aversion to the abolitionism,mediated for the pretense cautious balance ofminimalisms of hybrid identity.

Sequência: Estudos Juridicos e Politicos


RELAÇÃO ENTRE O SISTEMA INTERAMERICANO DE PROTEÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS E O DIREITO INTERNO

Abstract: (Ver PDF).

Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Direito


Mystical Experience: Its Nature Features

Abstract: No doubt mysticism is the essence of religious experience and this experience for both those who have religious beliefs and those who have not such beliefs typically causes changes in life. Regardless of the difficulty of describing the mystical experiences which seems very far from the conceptual framework of normal moods, it appears that the similarities among the various religious traditions for various mystical states can be outlined. These similarities include: the experience of unity, the feeling of being beyond time and space, sense of sacredness, a sense of joy and happiness, unity and awareness of the public with a vacuum and an eternal ultimate reality. Mystical states can be divided into two distinct categories: transcendent and immanent. Though Mysticism and spiritual meditation have some considerable similarities to each other, but they certainly look different. These two mystical tendencies in east & west religious faiths in the world to be seen with difference. Differences over the interpretation of mystical experiences may be caused by cultural and linguistic differences and distinctions. Psychological interpretations, neuro psychological and cognitive science of mystical experiences of the research approach is innovative in the world.

Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies (IHCS)


Buddhism, Copying, and the Art of the Imagination in Thailand

Abstract: This article theorizes new urban religio-scapes in metropolitan Bangkok, a city space of contradictory modernities. Here, I look at two contrasting Buddhist monastic spaces of sanctity from periods of fieldwork between 1998 and 2002. Firstly, as found in the modern semblance of order and discipline at the radically neo-conservative Dhammakaya Movement (lit. “Body of Dhamma”). Secondly, the chaotic, disordered flamboyant and kitsch space of the Sanam Chan Monastery on the outskirts of the ever-expanding Thai post-metropolis, which has similarities with the consumerist contemporary “Buddhist” feature art of the arcades and shopping centres. I argue that Wat (Monastery) Sanam Chan is a postmodern representation of sanctity; it is a response to modernity, while Dhammakaya, aside from its immense spectacle, reflects more the essentialist conditions inherent in modernity. Nevertheless, it is clear that both spaces of sanctity challenge the established religious hierarchy, its perceived orthodoxy, legitimation and the ethical bases of civic religion in Thailand.

Society for the Study of Global Buddhism


¿Por qué me aburre tanto el postmodernismo?

Abstract: No contiene resumen

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú

Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
Philosophy (General)


Acts of thought

Abstract: While the Community of Inquiry centres on a form of discussion that is meant to improve the ability of students to think, only a fraction of the thinking that occurs in a discussion makes its appearance in speech. We therefore need to consider students’ mental acts in addition to their speech acts to understand how the Community of Inquiry is meant to function. This paper explores the connections between speech acts and mental acts in the Community of Inquiry and the broader classifications of these acts of thought. It also considers the role of teacherly interventions in promoting appropriate acts of thought and the ways in which teachers can improve students’ metacognitive awareness of them.

University of Birmingham Library Services

Education (General)
Philosophy (General)


Scaling the Ladder. Why the Final Step of the Lover’s Ascent is a Generalizing Step

Abstract:
The ‘Scala Amoris’ (210a-212b), or ‘Ladder of Love’, constitutes the philosophical and aesthetic centrepiece of Socrates’ encomium of Eros in Plato’s Symposium. Here Diotima describes how a lover ascending up the Ladder directs his erotic attention to a number of difference kinds of beautiful objects, first bodies, then souls, just institutions and knowledge, until he catches a glimpse of Beauty itself. In this paper I advance an ‘inclusive’ reading of the lover’s ascent – to use Price’s 1991 terminology – with a particular emphasis on justifying such a reading concerning the final step.

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-4105_15_6


Arte, escritura y psicoanálisis. // Art, writing, and psychoanalysis.

Abstract: This text is addressed to those interested in psychoanalysis and its intertextual relation: psychoanalysis, in theory or into practice, in communication with literature. Basically, the aim is the identification of problems between the psychoanalysis and its transference. For this, I deal with the literature of Julio Cortázar and the Letter of Lacan as the paradigm of these problems, since they facilitate the reading of the psychoanalytic knowledge. // Este texto está dirigido a los interesados en el psicoanálisis y su relación intertextual: psicoanálisis en su teoría o en su práctica en dialogo con la literatura. Básicamente, se intenta una problematización entre el psicoanálisis y su transmisión. Para ello, abordo como paradigma de esta problemática a la literatura de Julio Cortazar y la Letra de Jacques Lacan, por facilitar la lectura del saber del psicoanálisis.

Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
Psychology


Apresentação da Revista Ixtli

Asociación Latinoamericana de Filosofía de la Educación

Special aspects of education
Philosophy (General)


Bienestar prudencial en la ética de Epicuro

Abstract: Se expone cr.ticamente una interpretación reciente del hedonismo epic.reo, según la cual este podr.a comprenderse como hedonismo actitudinal. Esta lectura conlleva ciertas tensiones internas y descuida el sentido fundamental del epicure.smo, esto es, que se trata de una teor.a del bienestar prudencial. Al examinar solo este aspecto, se omiten ciertos problemas secundarios, como la legitimidad de interpretar de manera actitudinal una doctrina asentada en el atomismo.


El positivismo y las ciencias en el período finisecular del Chile decimonónico

Abstract: Se analiza el aporte de la filosofía positivista a la ciencia nacional de fines del siglo xix en Chile, especialmente la contribución de sus principales exponentes: José Victorino Lastarria, los Hnos. Lagarrigue y Valentín Letelier entre otros; así como la posterior influencia de tales ideas en el marco sociocultural y político del período, en especial, en relación al manejo de las categorías de liberalismo, progreso y desarrollo científico y tecnológico. Finalmente, a partir de la fuerza de tales inquietudes, se extrapola cómo estas ideas están presentes en la filosofía de la época del Bicentenario de la Independencia de Chile.

History of scholarship and learning. The humanities


Fernando Haya: El ser Personal. De Tomás de Aquino a la metafísica del don EUNSA, Pamplona, 1997.


MANDAT ILAHI DALAM PERAN SOSIAL BUDAYA BAGI PENGINJILAN DI THAILAND

Abstract: The current phenomenon is that many of the missionaries in Thailand are evangelizing without special training on Thai socio-culture and lacking in Biblical content, so they engage in ineffective evangelism, meaning they do not set up a relevant evangelistic strategy to evangelize the Thai people. The Research conducted that Author doing for this thesis is qualitative and exegetical studies of the Biblical text, and also doing some interview with some people who has a competent in their side. The Author recommends that missionaries who wish to do an evangelistic ministry in Thailand attend an evangelistic training and study more about Thai social culture including Thai languages, as well as deeper study of the Bible concerning at least one year, so that the service is done more leverage

Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Bethel The Way, Jakarta


"Smart Tuning" As a Discourse Technology of Effective Communication

Abstract: Statement a problem of discourse technologization is one of relevant topics of a race for power and communication management for social control. This paper researches the discourse from position of technological effectiveness of addresser and addressee interaction, discourse power parameterization that defines discourse action quality. "Smart tuning" technology reveals smart power potential that is used for effective communication in a technological discourse.


Epistemologia e autonomia no conceito de ideia musical de E. Hanslick

Abstract: O presente trabalho aborda a filosofia estética de Eduard Hanslick, no intuito de demarcá-la enquanto abordagem epistemológica da música e um caso paradigmático para a autonomia musical. Foram analisadas as premissas epistemológicas que guiaram a obra Do belo musical, bem como as suas mais prováveis influências. Conclui-se, apresentando o conceito de ideia musical como formulação epistemológica fortemente influenciada pelo positivismo e princípio qualificador da percepção musical autônoma. Adiciona-se a essa conclusão uma desambiguação, com o conceito de ideia estética de Kant.esente trabalho aborda a filosofia estética de Eduard Hanslick no intuito de demarca-la enquanto abordagem epistemológica da música e um caso paradigmático para a autonomia musical. Foram analisadas as premissas epistemológicas que guiaram a obra Do belo musical, bem como as suas mais prováveis influências. Concluímos apresentando o conceito de ideia musical enquanto formulação epistemológica fortemente influenciada pelo positivismo e enquanto princípio qualificador da percepção musical autônoma. Adicionamos a essa conclusão uma desambiguação com o conceito de ideia estética de Kant.


Frank Ramsey's Anti-Intellectualism

Abstract: Frank Ramsey’s philosophy, developed in the 1920s in Cambridge, was in conversation with the debates surrounding intellectualism in the early twentieth century. Ramsey made his mark on the anti-intellectualist tradition via his notion of habit. He posited that human judgments take shape through habitual processes, and he rejected the separation between the domain of reason, on one hand, and the domain of habit, on the other. Ramsey also provided the ground to explore the nature of knowledge employed in acting from habit. That ground was passed onto Margaret MacDonald who came up with the distinction between knowing that something is the case and knowing how to apply a rule (or habit), the distinction that set the stage for Gilbert Ryle’s philosophical project against intellectualism from the 1940s onward. Ramsey thus influenced Ryle’s account of knowledge through the channel of MacDonald.

Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy


Courses and programmes

Philosophy (General)
Epistemology. Theory of knowledge


Mentaculus Laws and Metaphysics

Abstract: The laws of nature are central to our understanding of the world. And while there is often broad agreement about the technical formulations of the laws, there can be sharp disagreement about the metaphysical nature of the laws. For instance, the Newtonian laws of nature can be stated and analyzed by appealing to a set of possible worlds. Yet, some philosophers argue the worlds are mere notational devices, while others take them to be robust, concrete entities in their own right. In this paper, I use a recent view of laws called the Mentaculus as a case study to illustrate the wide variety of metaphysical pictures that can accompany such a view. I conclude that the technical features of the laws -- typically (though not always) given to us by practicing scientists -- are compatible with many different metaphysical foundations.

Principia: An International Journal of Epistemology


Hobbes and Kant: Materialism and Rhetoric

Abstract: This article examines the subtle nuances of Hobbes’s and Kant’s perspectives on rhetoric and materialism, contextualising them within the broader framework of political philosophy. Despite both philosophers being critics of rhetoric, their approaches exhibit notable divergences. Hobbes, who advocated for monarchy, criticized rhetoric from the perspective of a materialist anthropology influenced by Lucretius. However, he paradoxically employed rhetorical strategies in his new scientia civilis. Despite critiquing both Lucretian materialism and rhetoric, Kant incorporated certain rhetorical elements compatible with his philosophical framework, particularly in relation to Epicureanism. This study analyses their interpretations of paradiastole and the implications for the political thought. The argument is that both thinkers, in seeking a rational foundation for the political order, anchor their notions of rationality in Epicurean materialism, by reconfiguring rhetorical elements to suit their respective philosophies. The article elucidates Kant’s republican proclivities and his aspiration to maximize the citizens’ autonomy, which contrasts with Hobbes’s monarchical orientation. This research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the early modern political thought and its relevance to the contemporary republican and democratic theory.


Finding Sunbeams in the Darkness: Michel Serres's Analogical Thinking and the Ethics of Listening in The Zone of Interest

Abstract: This article addresses the fundamental concept underpinning Jonathan Glazer's The Zone of Interest, which recognizes selective empathy and extraordinary empathy dissonance within our contemporary cultures as a continuum, not a moment. The article uses Michel Serres's philosophical process to provide an ontological and epistemological framework within which The Zone of Interest can be understood analogously as a warning about darkness enveloping the world. Glazer has emphasized the axiom of his film is focusing upon the present. The Zone of Interest asks questions about humanity's contemporary cultural sensibilities, which determine how societies engage with diversity, difference, and the multiplicities of perspective that are an inescapable part of the global geopolitical landscape. Serres's process is inherently analogical, recognizing patterns of knowing and being that recur isomorphically across space and time. This article brings together the immersive sensibility mediated through the screen – situating The Zone of Interest as a cinematic experience that elevates sound over vision – with Serres's assimilation of Lucretian atomism, which links materialism and ethics; the importance of noise as a source of knowledge within Serresian thought; and a topological approach to time and space, which shapes the analogical, qualitatively relational, processes characteristic of Serres's philosophy.


A Mud Doctor Checking Out the Earth Underneath: Ruminations on Malick’s Days of Heaven and Loht’s Phenomenology of Film

Abstract: This is a philosophical rumination on Shawn Loht’s important extension of “film as philosophy” into a Heideggerian phenomenological account of the philosophical response that cinema can engender. After considering the importance of these kinds of approaches, I turn to Loht’s phenomenological engagement with Terrence Malick’s early masterpiece, Days of Heaven (1978). After sympathetically reviewing his “interpretation”, I expand upon its delineation of “earth and world” to include the “fallenness” of the world as well as the possibility of a metanōetic awakening to the vocation of “mud doctor”, that is, to heal the rift between earth and world, a rift made more exigent by world war, economic exploitation, and the ecological catastrophe of the Anthropocene.


Narrativas socioconstrutivistas e seus problemas

Abstract: De modo a explicar o sucesso das realizações científicas, as abordagens tradicionais em filosofia da ciência empregam critérios epistemológicos; abordagens socioconstrutivistas, a) também utilizam critérios epistemológicos, porém o fazem sem o rigor das abordagens tradicionais, b) quando empregam conceitos socioconstrutivistas, eles não são tão bem definidos quanto os critérios epistemológicos, e c) investem muito mais em narrativas do que propriamente em reconstruções conceituais. Temos assim portanto uma diferença metodológica entre as abordagens tradicionais e o socioconstrutivismo., diferença essa que será o objeto central deste artigo. O conceito central que perpassa o artigo é o de que, embora as narrativas socioconstrutivistas sejam formas legítimas de se explicar o sucesso da ciência, elas possuem algumas limitações.


Logical Relations between Sensation and Belief


Sufis and Women: The Study of Women's Sufis in The Western World

Abstract: The lack of records about the involvement and contribution of women in Sufism texts cannot be used as an excuse that women have a small role and position in the development and dissemination of Sufism teachings, doctrines and practices. So far, the well-known female Sufis, namely Rabi'ah al-Adawiyah (717-801) and Aishah al-Ba'uniyyah (c. 1456-1517), are two big names who prove that women have equal opportunities in spiritual attainment. Many researchers discuss female Sufis but focus on the eastern world and parts of India, only a few researchers have written about female Sufis in the West, therefore the authors are interested in discussing female Sufis in the West. This research is a library research. The author uses a literature review with the data sources used in this paper are secondary data originating from the literature such as books, journals, articles, and various sources that are relevant to the theme of the discussion in this paper.. The results of the study describe female Sufisin the contemporary era such as Hajjah Amina Adil and Hajjah Naziha Adil with their organizations engaged in philanthropy. Then another female Sufi is Nahid Angha who is known as one of the founders of the International Sufi Woman Organization, a world Sufi women's organization. This organization is concerned with peace programs and women's empowerment.The next female Sufi, namely Eva de Vitray in the path of Sufism, Eva de Vitray-Meyerovitch or Hawwa Hanim, took allegiance to the murshid of the Qadiriyah order from Morocco, Sheikh Hamzah al-Qadiri al-Boutchichi. Eva is also connected with Sheikh Khaled Bentounes, a murshid of the Syadziliyah-Alawiyahtarekat who lives in France

Ariani Barroroh Baried
A. Hanief Saha Ghafur
Mulawarman Hannase

Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
Islam. Bahai Faith. Theosophy, etc.


El símbolo de Atenea

Abstract: Despite being one of the richest and most suggestive myths about the feminine condition, Athene, the prudent warrior and founder of Athenian law, has been the least interpreted by contemporary thinkers within the Olympian deities. It did not receive Freud’s attention nor was granted the symbol of ‘feminine virility’. Born of her father’s skull, she has now been related to the cultural character in Martha Robles essay “The Symbol of Athene”, which starts with Metis’ fatality: feminine wisdom, and intends to understand when the determination of fate coincides with the ‘The Law of the Father’. Athene became the guardian of the law, which meant that she was the keeper of social order, even if it went against her own gender’s dignity.

Theoría Revista del Colegio de Filosofía

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)


LASIK Surgery

Abstract:
Photo by Scott Van Daalen on Unsplash

INTRODUCTION

LASIK surgery, one of the most common elective procedures worldwide, aims to decrease or eliminate the need to wear glasses or contact lenses by reshaping the cornea’s curvature to restore the eye’s refractive power.[1] There is a popular belief among the public that the procedure is “virtually foolproof”,[2] which is largely shaped by LASIK advertising and marketing techniques.[3] However, recent studies and news reports suggest that complications after LASIK surgery are not uncommon and that many eye centers and LASIK advertisements continue to promise “20/20 vision or your money back” or fail to disclose possible LASIK complications.[4] In fact, a recent study conducted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found that 1 to 4 percent of participants were dissatisfied with the visual complications after LASIK surgery.[5] Misleading information provided to the public about the procedure contributes to the popularity of LASIK. This paper discusses the ethical issues currently associated with both advertising and physicians’ disclosures of risks surrounding the procedure and provides recommendations to address these LASIK complications.

LASIK is the most popular procedure used to correct the refractive error, which includes myopia and hyperopia.[6] Using this procedure, the ophthalmologist reshapes the cornea by removing eye tissue in different areas depending on the patient’s condition.[7] A flap approximately the size of a contact lens is formed using a femtosecond laser. This flap folds back in place and adheres to the corneal surface.[8]

ANALYSIS

Misleading LASIK Advertising & Failure to Disclose Business Relationships

Misleading advertisements that portray LASIK surgery as a complication-free procedure are unethical. Many eye centers continue to display misleading advertisements by using phrases such as “20/20 vision or your money back” or “package deals.”[9] Direct to consumer advertisements created by ophthalmology groups, laser vision centers, and other LASIK providers make inflated claims regarding the efficacy or safety of LASIK surgery. For instance, some feature images that imply patients who had undergone LASIK surgery would be permanently free from glasses or claim LASIK surgery is a “safe and painless” alternative to glasses and omit any relevant complications of LASIK surgery.[10] Complex bioethical issues arise from false and misleading advertising.

Any partnership ophthalmologists have with the companies that manufacture LASIK surgery equipment undermines physician integrity and may create pressure on ophthalmologists not to disclose LASIK surgery’s risks and limitations. Deceptive marketing tactics and business profits may also interfere with the physician’s professional obligation to patients and entice a patient to undergo risky surgery. These issues violate the principle of non-maleficence because they expose patients to unnecessary risks violating physicians’ obligations not to harm patients. Patients also suffer financially, as they may have to pay thousands of dollars for a procedure that may be ineffective or harmful. Ophthalmologists also violate the principles of virtue ethics and beneficence because physicians should display virtuous qualities, such as integrity and honesty in their practice and should promote good to their patients.

The American Academy of Ophthalmology (Academy) and the FDA should oversee the behavior of ophthalmologists to ensure any financial or professional ties they have with the manufacturers that make the lasers for LASIK surgery do not override the professional obligation to disclose the risks and limitations of LASIK surgery. Government and professional associations should also discourage scientific journals from publishing studies where the authors have financial or professional ties with manufacturers that make the lasers used in LASIK surgery unless full disclosure is made clear. Financial ties and perverse incentives to overtreat are ethical issues that undermine trust.

Failure to Disclose Possible Complications of LASIK Surgery by Ophthalmologists

The FDA and the Academy have issued statements that compel ophthalmologists to properly inform patients of the indications, limitations, and complications of LASIK surgery and the lasers used during this procedure in 2008, 2009, and 2011.[11] Yet some ophthalmologists neglect to disclose possible LASIK surgery complications to patients or fail to take the time to answer patients’ questions regarding LASIK surgery,[12] which could cause long-term medical harm to the patient. In 2019, two Canadians filed a lawsuit against LASIK MD Clinics for neglecting to warn them that they could potentially develop corneal neuralgia after LASIK surgery,[13] which is a rare complication of LASIK surgery that is often misdiagnosed as dry eye.[14] Some patients have reported years of suffering from debilitating eye pain and visual symptoms such as glares and halos,[15] and some patients who had undergone LASIK surgery testified at an FDA meeting that they experienced impaired vision after LASIK surgery that resulted in job loss and social isolation. Suicides have also been reported.[16] Based on patient reporting of adverse events, ophthalmologists must disclose serious consequences.

A failure to disclose complications of any medical procedure is a severe ethical breach. In the US, Canterbury v. Spence set forth a strong stance on failure to disclose rare severe side effects.[17] Informed consent is a cornerstone of bioethics—patients must know the risks before they agree to undergo any procedure. The moral foundation of informed consent is the protection of bodily integrity and respect for autonomy.[18] Patients have a fundamental liberty interest in being free of non-consensual bodily intrusion. Without accurate information, informed consent has not transpired; the agreement to undergo the procedure is based on misinformation. Doctors must disclose risks to educate the patient. It is the doctor’s duty to ensure that the patient is informed.

Failing to disclose LASIK surgery’s possible complications violates the principles of virtue ethics and non-maleficence as it withholds knowledge from patients that is essential to the sound management of their health. It also tarnishes the doctor-patient relationship's fiduciary nature as patients may place less trust in their physicians after discovering they withheld essential knowledge from them.

There is moral value in the life-changing benefits of LASIK Surgery

Restoring one’s vision can be life-changing for many patients. Those who previously had to rely on glasses or contact lenses to see clearly could feel empowered and gain more autonomy after having LASIK surgery. LASIK helps patients avoid having contact lens intolerance. A successful LASIK surgery also allows patients to pursue certain professions or sports that they previously could not, such as becoming a chef or swimming.

The ethics of advertising to enable potential LASIK patients to learn more about LASIK are compelling. More patients with poor vision will learn about an important solution. Advertising brings patients to doctors who must discuss the procedure realistically. Advertising LASIK would be ethically prohibited if it drew in patients with unrealistic expectations, and the doctor did not clearly state the efficacy, risks, and side effects. Continuing to allow advertising is the better moral choice as it allows many in need of help to seek it. However, it is a moral choice that is dependent on truth-telling and full disclosure by doctors.

Despite the life-altering benefits of LASIK surgery, ophthalmologists have a professional obligation to patients and the public to provide truthful, informative advertising of LASIK surgery and ensure patients fully understand the purpose, benefits, limitations, and complications of LASIK surgery before having the procedure. Beneficence should compel ophthalmologists to act in the best interests of patients, as the intended purpose of LASIK surgery is to help patients improve their vision. LASIK can be a life-changing improvement ethically compelling its availability to patients for whom it is the right fit. Appropriate advertising and risk disclosure empower the patient in making an informed decision to undergo LASIK surgery.

Actions to ensure an ethical process for patients deciding to undergo LASIK surgery

To ensure full transparency, ophthalmologists should confirm patients understand the nature, purpose, and risks of the procedure by encouraging them to ask questions during consultations and taking the time to answer their questions. They should ensure patients read and understand the fine print of informed consent forms and screen for patients who may not be suitable for LASIK surgery. Physicians also should substantiate any claim they made with the latest evidence from scientifically robust clinical studies. If an advertisement claims “90% of LASIK patients achieve 20/40 vision or better,”[19] the ophthalmologist should corroborate the claim with a reliable clinical study and ensure his outcomes do not differ significantly from the study’s outcomes. Ophthalmologists should verify they did not omit any relevant information regarding the effectiveness or nature of LASIK surgery as the omission might influence the patient’s decision to undergo surgery.[20]

Any claim made in advertisements and marketing materials, whether implicitly or explicitly, must provide an accurate impression of LASIK surgery.[21] For instance, a LASIK advertisement that features a man throwing away his glasses might cause patients to believe they would be permanently free from glasses or contact lenses after LASIK surgery.

Federal and global organizations, such as the Academy and the FDA should promote public awareness about LASIK’s risks and benefits and continue to regulate any promotional material that ophthalmologists use to promote LASIK surgery. The FDA should take action if an eye center in violation of the policies chooses not to comply. The Academy and the FDA should also prohibit ophthalmologists from classifying LASIK surgeries “successful” based on achieving “20/20 or 20/40 or better vision” after surgery if a complication was reported.[22]

CONCLUSION

Physicians must bar misleading advertisements and fully disclose the complications of LASIK surgery to patients. Through these measures, patients would make more informed choices about whether they should undergo LASIK surgery. Rather than marketing LASIK to those with minor vision impairment or with higher risk profiles, ophthalmologists must behave according to the ethical foundation of their profession. Even with relatively few risks, doctors must be certain to minimize risk by evaluating patient eligibility for LASIK, cautioning all patients about the risks, and ensuring proper advertising and marketing practices. LASIK can give people enhanced vision expanding career and athletic opportunities and make life simpler with less need for contacts, and glasses for the right candidates.

[1] Tran, Khai et al., “Laser refractive surgery for vision correction: A review of clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness,” CADTH Rapid Response Report: Summary with Critical Appraisal, June 22, 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532537.

[2] Rabin, Roni, “Blurred Vision, Burning Eyes: This Is A Lasik Success?” June 11, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/11/well/lasik-complications-vision.html.

[3] LasikComplications.com, “THE LASIK REPORT: A Call for the Discontinuation of a Harmful Procedure,” April, 2008. https://www.lasikcomplications.com/The-LASIK-Report.pdf.

[4] Rabin, Roni, 2018; The Associated Press, “Witnesses Tell of Suffering after Lasik,” April 25, 2008. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/25/business/aplasik-web.html; Eydelman, Malvina et al., “Symptoms and satisfaction of patients in the patient-reported outcomes with laser in situ keratomileusis (PROWL) studies,” JAMA Ophthalmology 135, no. 1 (2018): 13-22; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “What are the risks and how can I find the right doctor for me?” August 8, 2018. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/lasik/what-are-risks-and-how-can-i-find-right-doctor-me; American Academy of Ophthalmology, “Guidelines for refractive surgery advertising,” October 2008. https://www.aao.org/about/policies/guidelines-refractive-surgery-advertising

[5] Eydelman, Malvina et al, p. 13

[6] Wilkinson, John et al., “Refractive eye surgery: Helping patients make informed decisions about LASIK,” American Family Physician 95, no. 10 (2017): 637-644

[7] Wilkinson, John, et al., p. 638

[8] Wilkinson, John, et al., p. 639 Other procedures, such as laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis, epithelial LASIK, femtosecond laser extraction, and small incision lenticular extraction, have been developed that have similar effectiveness as LASIK but their long-term outcomes are unknown. Some contraindications to LASIK surgery include corneal abnormalities, pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, uncontrolled glaucoma, and significant cataracts, and patients with abnormal wound healing, controlled diabetes, glaucoma, a history of herpetic keratitis, or systemic autoimmune disease should be cautioned before undergoing LASIK surgery. Some complications of LASIK surgery include dry eye, visual symptoms (including glare, halos, and starbursts), diffuse lamellar keratitis, and infections, with dry eye and visual symptoms accounting for 20-40 percent and 20 percent of the complications, respectively. (Wilkinson 639, 640 & 641)

[9] U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2018; American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2008

[10] American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2008

[11] U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “FDA Letter to Eye Care Professionals (May 22, 2009)” May 22, 2009. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/lasik/fda-letter-eye-care-professionals-may-22-2009; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “FDA Letter to Eye Care Professionals (September 23, 2011)” September 23, 2011. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/lasik/fda-letter-eye-care-professionals-september-23-2011; American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2008

[12] Aubry, Allison, “Some patients say life after lasik not perfect,” May 1, 2008. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=90070220

[13] Favaro, Avis et al., “Lasik MD patients allege nerve damage, file class action lawsuit,” November 21, 2019. https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/lasik-md-patients-allege-nerve-damage-file-class-action-lawsuit-1.4697069

[14] Theophanous Christos et al., “Corneal Neuralgia after LASIK,” Optometry and Vision Science 92, no. 9 (2015): e233-e240

[15] Robin, Roni, 2018

[16] The Associated Press, 2008

[17] Canterbury v. Spence, 464 F. 2d 772 (1972)

[18] Schoendorff v. Society of New York Hospital, 106 N.E.93 (N.Y. 1914)(every patient has the right to decide what is done with “his own body.”)

[19] American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2008

[20] American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2008

[21] American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2008

[22] LasikComplications.com, 2008

Medical philosophy. Medical ethics
Ethics


Editorial

Abstract: Editorial

Revista de Filosofia Moderna e Contemporânea


Sobre el uso y abuso de los conceptos de Deleuze y Guattari en la filosofía de Bernard Stiegler

Joff P. N. Bradley
Mateo Belgrano (trad.)

Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina


Books Received (2022)

Abstract: Books Received


Construcción conceptual en física a través de métodos didácticos inductivos

Abstract:
El presente texto muestra el desarrollo y la evaluación de un proceso educativo con profesores de matemáticas en formación, centrado en el uso de estrategias didácticas con características inductivas, en el marco de la
asignatura Matemáticas y Física de la Licenciatura en Enseñanza de las Matemáticas de la Universidad de Colima,
México. La experiencia incluye a 19 estudiantes que han tenido formación disciplinar en matemáticas y dominan el conocimiento procedimental y el lenguaje algebraico que implica la física en los niveles básicos, pero con poco acercamiento al conocimiento conceptual, tanto de física clásica como de física moderna. Bajo este principio, el curso se centró en la reflexión y la resolución de problemas. Desde esta lógica, la propuesta incluyó buscar,
tanto el dominio procedimental como conceptual, siendo este último el objetivo central de esta investigación.
Los métodos inductivos incluyeron la utilización de materiales audiovisuales y lecturas que van en un sentido de divulgación. Los resultados de sus trabajos muestran que, sin omitir un proceso formativo de corte más tradicional, como la resolución de problemas o libros de texto de física clásicos, la incorporación de estrategias inductivas sobre las particularidades de conceptos como “movimiento” o “luz” permite una comprensión más profunda de principios fundamentales, siendo un complemento funcional para una formación más integral.

Sophía: Colección de Filosofía de la Educación


Creating British Global Leadership: The Liberal Trading Community from 1750 to 1792

Abstract: This paper explores the process by which Great Britain rose to a position of global leadership in the 1800s. It examines the critical period from 1750 to 1792 when Great Britain moved from global leadership based on colonial/mercantile power to leadership based on industrial/commercial power. I hypothesize that the roots of the Pax Britannica of 1815-1873 have their source in the emerging liberal trading community created by the British in the fifty years before the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. This coalition of states was created around a dominant new idea (economic liberalism) based in the distribution of positive benefits from inclusion in the community, and intended to provide an innovative solution to the problems of international political economy created by the burgeoning industrial revolution. The community was created through the actions of successive British governments throughout the period, and served as the basis for the British-led coalitions which emerged victorious from the global wars of 1792 to 1815. This case study helps answer important questions about how Great Britain was able to move from one period of global leadership to another, and on a more general level provides some insights into the role coalition-building plays in attaining and exercising global power.

University Library System, University of Pittsburgh


The Investigation of Impact of Complement Policy for Energy Price Policy Reform on Transport Sector in Iran by Computable General Equilibrium

Abstract: With regard to the ever-increasing need for energy in current societies to satisfy various requirements, scientists and researchers from different countries, such as Iran, have a basic approach in their agenda to achieve renewable energies، The scientists believe that with regard to the limited fossil fuels and their environmental pollutions, renewable and clean energies can be the first alternative to generate energy، Our country, Iran, has numerous capabilities in the field of generating new and renewable energies، This fact emphasizes the need for an optimum model to develop the use of renewable energies، In line with this objective the costfunction is chosenas the objective function، Given the potential and limits ofrenewable energy (resources Limited), Consumptionof electricpowerin each of16regions (apply Limited) confidencelimits  of renewable energy (technical limitations), the model was designed and with use Robust optimization model was solved in LINGO software،The optimum of using renewable energies suggests the 36،71% generation of small hydropower energy, 18،22% wind energy, 17،19% biomass energy, 13،43% geothermal energy, 12،53% tidal energy, and 1% solar energy. 2- Ciaschini, M et al (2011), “The Effects of Environmental Taxation Through a Dynamic CGE Model, Environmental Federalism: The Political Economy of the Design of Local Taxation and Environmental Protection”, Ancona, Italy, December 9-10, 2011   3- Devarajan, S. (1988), “Lecture Notes on Computable General Equilibrium Models”, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Mimeo, Processed. 4- Hosoe.N and et al (2010), “Textbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modelling: Programming and Simulations, Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe”, Chippenham and Eastbourne. 5- IEA (2012), World Energy Outlook. 6- Kulmer Y (2011), “Directed Technological Change in a Bottom-Up/Top-Down CGE model: Analysis of Passenger Transport, "Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change”, University of Graz, Austria. 7- Lofgren.H and et.al (2002), “A Standard Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model in GAMs”, International Food Policy Research Institute. 8- Orlov. A, Grethe. H and McDonald S, (2011), “Energy Policy and Carbon Emission in Russia: A Short Run CGE Analysis”, Presented at the 14th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis”, Venice, Italy.Solaymani. 9- S and Kari. F (2014), “Impacts of Energy Subsidy Reform on the Malaysian Economy and Transportation Sector”, Energy Policy, pp. 115-125. 10- Zhengning Pu and Hayashiyama Y (2012), Energy Resource Tax Effects on China’s Regional Economy by SCGE Model, Environmental Economics, vol. 3, issue 1, pp. 41-52.       bidi13- Stern,  J. (2007), “Gas-OPEC: A Distraction from Important Issues of Russian Gas Supply to Europe”. Oxford Energy Comment.   14- J.F. Nash Jr. (1950), “The Bargaining Problem”, Econometrica, 15(2):155_162. 17- Avrachenkov, K., Elias, J.,  Martignon, F., Neglia, G. and L. Petrosyan (2011), “A Nash bargaining solution for Cooperative Network Formation Games”, Networking 2011, pages 307–318, 2011 16- Shapley ,L. (1953),  “A Value for n-person Games”, In H. Kuhn and A. Tucker, editors, Contribution to the Theory of Games II, page 307. Princeton University Press. 17-  Shapley, L., and Shubik, M. (1969), “On Market Games”, Journal of Economic Theory, 1, 9-25. 19- Maskin, Erik (2003), “Coalitional Bargaining with Externalities, Keynote Lecture for the European Economic Association Conference 2003, Stockholm. 20-OME. “Future Natural Gas Supply Options and Supply Costs for Europe”, Report to Madrid Forum, Observatoire M´editerran´een de l’ Energie, 2004 21- Egging, R. and Gabriel, S. A.(2006), “Examining Market Power in the European Natural Gas Market”, Energy Policy, 34:2762–2778.

Pizhūhishnāmah-i Iqtiṣād-i Inirzhī-i Īrān

Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade


Fernando Reimers (ed.). Distintas escuelas, diferentes oportunidades : los retos para la igualdad de oportunidades en Latinoamérica. Madrid : La Muralla, 2002. 652 p.

James J Harrington
Fernando Reimers
Lorena Murillo Saldaña


LA MATEMÁTICA NUMÉRICA EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA FÍSICA UNIVERSITARIA

Abstract: En el artículo se muestra como la vinculación de ciencias como la matemática la informática y la física pueden hacer el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje más adecuado para el estudiante universitario. Se ejemplifica un problema de la aplicación de los métodos numéricos utilizando el Excel en problemas de física, con el objetivo de mejorar la enseñanza de la física en la carrera de ingeniería informática. En el proceso investigativo se aplicaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico y matemático-estadístico, estos fueron seleccionados y desarrollados a partir de las exigencias del enfoque dialéctico-materialista. Se evaluaron los problemas, demostrando la efectividad de estos, los que pueden ser aplicados en la práctica educativa de las Universidades

Dayned Rega-Armas
Yusimí Guerra-Véliz
Julio Leiva-Haza

Education (General)
Social sciences (General)


Ser digital

Abstract: Reseña del libro de Nicholas Negroponte, Ser digital, México, Océano, 1996, 258 pp.

Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales

Political science (General)
Social sciences (General)


Capitalismo globalizado e recursos territoriais: fronteiras da acumulação no Brasil contemporâneo

Universidade Federal da Bahia - Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas - Centro de Recursos Humanos


مدل مفهومی موضوع زن در گفتمان انقلاب اسلامی (مطالعة موردی: منظومة فکری آیت‌الله خامنه‌ای)

Abstract: پرداختن به موضوع زنان در بدنة دانشی اغلب ناظر بر شبکه‌ای از نظام مسائل آنان صورت می‌پذیرد و دانش تولیدشده عموماً بر مسائل این قشر به صورت موردی متمرکز است. بدین معنا که همواره در ارتباط با موضوع زنان با طیفی از یافته‌های متمرکز بر مسائل فردی، خانوادگی یا اجتماعی مواجهیم که به صورت منفک و ترکیبی مدل روشنی از چیستی زن در گفتمان انقلاب اسلامی ارائه نمی‌دهد. فقدان رویکرد منظومه‌ای و مدل روشن و واضح از زن در گفتمان انقلاب اسلامی از خلأهای مهم محسوب می‌شود. لذا این پژوهش، فارغ از نگاه موردی و گزینشی به مسائل زنان، با هدف ترسیم مدل مفهومی منظومة فکری رهبر انقلاب در موضوع زن به دنبال یافتن پاسخ به این پرسش اساسی است که زن در منظومة فکری رهبر انقلاب در چه الگوی مفهومی تصویر می‌شود. برای پاسخ به این پرسش، با اتخاذ روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی در چارچوب رویکرد منظومه‌ای، دو مفهوم کلیدی الگوی سوم و انسان انقلابی به‌دست آمد که هریک از این مفاهیم ابعاد تصویر را نمایان می‌کند و تصویر تولیدشده مبین نگاه فراجنسیتی اما با ملاحظات جنسیتی رهبر انقلاب به موضوع زن در کلان‌منظومة فکری ایشان است.

عاطفه خادمی
فاطمه تقی‌زاده

زن در توسعه و سیاست

Faculty of Social Sciences University of Tehran


On the Biopolitics of Suicide

Abstract: This essay critically examines the biopoliticization of suicide, challenging its framing as a public health issue which obscures its cultural and philosophical significance. Drawing from Michel Foucault’s theories of biopower, this essay argues that suicide is externalized, massified, and medicalized under the discourse of public health, leading to its subjugation to biopower’s rhetoric. At the core of this narrative is a powerful presupposition that suicide is separable from the individual who commits the act. Drawing from Primo Levi’s The Drowned and the Saved and Judith Butler’s essay Violence, Politics, and Mourning, this essay conceives suicide as an intentional act of agency, occurring under particular conditions of emotional duress which are created by a historical relay of societal violence. This essay seeks to dismantle the prevailing narrative of suicide, free suicide from its biopolitical rhetoric, and argues that suicide ought to be understood as a radical act which bears witness against the violence of the biopolitical state.


Customer Attrition Detection Using the LGBM Model

Abstract: In internet service industries, such as competitive industries, it costs more to attract new consumers to become customers of the company than saving the consumers who already are customers. Therefore, detecting the running off customers and finding a way to keep the customers from leaving is extremely important. This study addresses the problem of customer attrition in the internet service industry by choosing the best-performing model to detect the customers who are going to run off in advance. To select the most suitable model for accurately detecting customer churn, this study performs preprocessing, including data cleaning, feature engineering, and feature selection. The dataset is then split into training, testing, and validation sets. Various models are built and evaluated based on their performance, measured by calculating the mean and standardized values of the detection rate. The result is that the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) model has superior performance in detection rate scoring.


“The play’s the thing”: A Farcical Re-writing of Hamlet as Subversive Anti-Totalitarian Discourse

Abstract:
Polonius, Romanian author Victor Cilincă’s farcical rewriting of Hamlet, is worth mentioning among the many postmodernist adaptations of Shakespeare’s works, despite the fact that it is virtually unknown to both theatregoers and critics. The play premiered in 1996, in Galati, having been ‘hidden’ in the writer’s drawer for more than a decade for fear that censorship might grasp its anti-totalitarian implications. In 2011, it was translated by Petru Iamandi for an American indie press.

Prefaced by a brief overview of drawer literature and “refashioning of Shakespeare’s image along the lines of Communist ideology” (Colipcă-Ciobanu 2016: 26), in communist Romania, the paper focuses on the meta-dimension of the two-act play, as well as on the subversive aspects identifiable at the textual level.


Study of the red lacquer from a pair of Namban stirrups by Py-GC/MS

Abstract: Oriental lacquer is a material of vegetal origin that is used in the Asian countries as a coating for the most varied kinds of religious and civil use objects. With the Portuguese arrival to the East, the Europeans started to develop a taste for the exotic and exquisite Art of Lacquer. From the 16th century onwards a lacquerware market developed with numerous lacquered objects being brought to Europe. In this work, the red lacquer from a pair of Namban stirrups was studied by Py-GC/MS (pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry). The results were compared with lacquer references, and the lacquer type was identified. Based on the results, the stirrups' lacquering technique and the performance of Py-CG/MS in the identification of oriental lacquers are also discussed.

José Carlos Frade
Isabel Ribeiro
José Graça
José Rodrigues

Associação Profissional de Conservadores - Restauradores de Portugal


['FRACTURE ANALYSIS AND RESERVOIR POTENTIAL OF EXPOSED EOCENE SUCCESSIONS ALONG KOHAT-ORAKZAI TRANSACT KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, NW PAKISTAN']

Muhammad Yaseen
Shahid Ali Shah
Junaid Khan
Adnan Samiullah
Adil Jan
Muhammad Sheeraz Khan
Saad Sair

Karakoram International University Gilgit, Pakistan

Special types of environment
Environmental sciences


Mechanical properties and constitutive analyses of basalt fiber crumb rubber mortars in soft rock roadways

Abstract: Uniaxial compressive stress-strain curves of several groups of basalt fiber crumb rubber mortars (BF-CRM) with different contents are tested. By comparing with the GZH model, the improved values of the parameters of the BF-CRM constitutive model based on the GZH model are obtained. Then, taking the supporting scheme of main substation of the mine as the background, using FLAC3D to simulate the roadway support, using BF-CRM to replace the ordinary mortars in the original support, and combining with the triaxial compression test of different confining pressure, the application effect of BF-CRM in roadways support is studied and analyzed.

Wei-Guo Qiao
Pershin Vladimir
Jun-Ling Qin
Shuai Zhang


Optimization of Metal Inert Gas Welding Process during Joining of Structural Steels- An Overview

Abstract: Metal Inert Gas welding is a fast, reliable and cost effective technique for joining of different ferrous materials and steels used in the construction of large structures like Fe410WA, IS2062, SS304, AISI1040 and AISI316 etc. To obtain better quality and performance of the steel welded joints, parameter optimisation of metal inert gas welding procedure and weld heat treatment process is carried out. In optimization work and studies, variables of GMAW process like welding voltage and current, speed of welding, WFR (rate of wire feed), GFR (rate of gas flow), type of gas used and effect of heat treatments are kept changing to get best combinations of input parameters for best quality of welded parts. The quality of welds is evaluated in terms of mechanical properties of welded joints like ultimate tensile and yield strength, elongation, microstructure, heat affected zone and defect free weld joints etc. Model and experimental studies are done in different combinations to get best combination of input parameters for steels. Studies by authors have identified the significance of input parameters in ascending order and some of them also quantified the optimal values of the input parameters. Pre and post weld heat treatment of structures is beneficial in improvement of mechanical and fatigue properties.

Misra Ravindra Kumar
Porwal Rajesh Kumar


Green development efficiency and its determinants in China's agricultural product circulation Industry: An empirical analysis based on panel data from 26 provinces

Abstract: This paper employs the super-efficiency slack-based measure (SBM) model with undesirable outputs to measure the green development efficiency of the agricultural product circulation industry (APCI) across 26 provinces of China from 2013 to 2022, and applies the kernel density estimation method to reveal its spatio-temporal evolution characteristics. Furthermore, the Tobit model is utilized to analyze the factors influencing the green development efficiency of the APCI. The research reveals that: (1)The green development efficiency of China's APCI is at a medium level. In 2019, a significant spatial demarcation emerged in the green development efficiency of China's agricultural product circulation industry, with the efficiency highland shifting from North/Northeast China to Southern regions, thereby manifesting a new ''high-south, low-north'' efficiency configuration. (2) Interprovincial disparities initially narrowed and subsequently widened. Furthermore, the six major regions exhibited heterogeneous dynamic characteristics, while the green development efficiency of the APCI demonstrated spatial imbalance across provinces. (3) The openness to international market (OIM) exerts a statistically significant positive effect on the green development efficiency of the APCI. Conversely, industrial structure (IS) and agricultural pollution level (API) demonstrate inhibitory effects on APCI's green development efficiency. This study deepens the understanding of APCI's green development efficiency, constructs a systematic measurement framework, expands research perspectives, and provides tools for governments, industries, and enterprises to evaluate efficiency accurately.

Environmental and Sustainability Indicators


Computational methods meet in vitro techniques: A case study on fusaric acid and its possible detoxification through cytochrome P450 enzymes

Abstract: Mycotoxins are known environmental pollutants that may contaminate food and feed chains. Some mycotoxins are regulated in many countries to limit the trading of contaminated and harmful commodities. However, the so-called emerging mycotoxins are poorly understood and need to be investigated further. Fusaric acid is an emerging mycotoxin, noxious to plants and animals, but is known to be less toxic to plants when hydroxylated. The detoxification routes effective in animals have not been elucidated yet. In this context, this study integrated in silico and in vitro techniques to discover potential bioremediation routes to turn fusaric acid to its less toxic metabolites. The toxicodynamics of these forms in humans have also been addressed. An in silico screening process, followed by molecular docking and dynamics studies, identified CYP199A4 from the bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2 as a potential fusaric acid biotransforming enzyme. Its activity was confirmed in vitro. However, the effect of hydroxylation seemed to have a limited impact on the modelled toxicodynamics against human targets. This study represents a starting point to develop a hybrid in silico/in vitro pipeline to find bioremediation agents for other food, feed and environmental contaminants.

Lorenzo Pedroni
Daniel Zocchi Doherty
Chiara Dall’Asta
Gianni Galaverna
Stephen G. Bell
Luca Dellafiora

Environmental pollution
Environmental sciences


Pasea: senderismo, cultura y naturaleza con Ecologistas en Acción. Una propuesta de Educación Ambiental

Asociación Española de Ecología Terrestre


Reconstructing lost memories: Social memory as a foundation for disaster mitigation in Pandai Sikek

Abstract:
This study examines the 2024 flash flood in Pandai Sikek, West Sumatra, through the lens of disaster anthropology and social memory. Based on preliminary research and one week of ethnographic fieldwork, the research reveals that while extreme rainfall triggered the event, socio-ecological drivers such as post-COVID return migration, deforestation, and land-use change significantly amplified its impacts. The community’s vulnerability was heightened by the absence of social memory: no oral traditions, rituals, or institutional practices existed to anticipate or respond to such a disaster. The flood therefore collapsed long-standing narratives of safety associated with Mount Singgalang and forced the community to confront a new reality of risk. Findings show that the disaster produced both trauma and solidarity, as
gotong royong, remittances from migrants, and local organizing supported immediate recovery. At the same time, new and contested memories of vulnerability began to emerge. Early mitigation efforts, including reforestation, canal reinforcement, and disaster awareness initiatives, indicate steps toward resilience, though challenges remain in institutionalizing these lessons. The study concludes that building resilience in Pandai Sikek requires not only ecological restoration but also the transformation of traumatic absence into enduring social memory.

Handrian Ginting Jonson
Afrida Afrida
Zulkifli Addina
Subhiati Nur
Azzahra Fatimah
Nafisa Dewi Arisa
Adelya Nessa
Nurindah Sari Lili


Amidoxime functionalized chitosan for uranium sequestration in vivo

Abstract: Amidoxime functionalized chitosan (AC) was recommended as a chelator for uranium sequestration in vivo in this study, and the structure-activity relationship was also explored. Compared with ZnNa3-DTPA, which was a commercial uranium mobilization drug, AC exhibited excellent biocompatibility and uranium removal efficiency, whether by injection or orally, which could reduce the amounts of uranium deposited in kidneys and femurs by up to 43.6% and 32.3%. In particular, ACs still possessed the ability to mobilize uranium in vivo even if administration was delayed for 72 h.

Zhiheng Li
Siyi Wang
Yipu Dong
Xiaoyao Miao
Bingkun Xiao
Jianyun Yang
Jianfeng Zhao
Rongqing Huang


Exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) and prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia

Abstract: Background: Recently emerging evidence suggests an association between particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) exposure and diabetes risk. However, evidence from Asia is limited. Here, we evaluated the association between PM2.5 exposure and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in one of the most populated countries in Asia, Indonesia. Methods: We used the 2013 Indonesia Basic Health Research, which surveyed households in 487 regencies/municipalities in all 33 provinces in Indonesia (n = 647,947). We assigned individual exposure to PM2.5 using QGIS software. Multilevel logistic regression with a random intercept based on village and cubic spline analysis were used to assess the association between PM2.5 exposure and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. We also assessed the lower exposure at which PM2.5 has potential adverse effects. Results: We included 647,947 subjects with a mean age of 41.9 years in our study. Exposure to PM2.5 levels was associated with a 10-unit increase in PM2.5 (fully adjusted odds ratio: 1.09; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.14). The findings were consistent for quartile increases in PM2.5 levels and the cubic spline function. Even when we restricted to those exposed to PM2.5 concentrations of less than 10.0 µg/m3 in accordance with the recommended guidelines for annual exposure to PM2.5 made by the World Health Organization, the association remained elevated, especially among subjects living in the urban areas. Hence, we were unable to establish a safe threshold for PM2.5 and the risk of diabetes. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a positive association between PM2.5 exposure and prevalence of diabetes mellitus, which is possibly below the current recommended guidelines. Further studies are needed to ascertain the causal association of this finding.

Made Ayu Hitapretiwi Suryadhi
Putu Ayu Rhamani Suryadhi
Kawuli Abudureyimu
I Made Winarsa Ruma
Akintije Simba Calliope
Dewa Nyoman Wirawan
Takashi Yorifuji


Analysis of Water Pollution Using Different Physicochemical Parameters: A Study of Yamuna River

Abstract: The Yamuna river has become one of the most polluted rivers in India as well as in the world because of the high-density population growth and speedy industrialization. The Yamuna river is severely polluted and needs urgent revival. The Yamuna river in Dehradun is polluted due to exceptional tourist activity, poor sewage facilities, and insufficient wastewater management amenities. The measurement of the quality can be done by water quality assessment. In this study, the water quality index has been calculated for the Yamuna river at Dehradun using monthly measurements of 12 physicochemical parameters. Trend forecasting for river water pollution has been performed using different parameters for the years 2020–2024 at Dehradun. The study shows that the values of four parameters namely, Temperature, Total Coliform, TDS, and Hardness are increasing yearly, whereas the values of pH and DO are not rising heavily. The considered physicochemical parameters for the study are TDS, Chlorides, Alkalinity, DO, Temperature, COD, BOD, pH, Magnesium, Hardness, Total Coliform, and Calcium. As per the results and trend analysis, the value of total coliform, temperature, and hardness are rising year by year, which is a matter of concern. The values of the considered physicochemical parameters have been monitored using various monitoring stations installed by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India.

Rohit Sharma
Raghvendra Kumar
Suresh Chandra Satapathy
Nadhir Al-Ansari
Krishna Kant Singh
Rajendra Prasad Mahapatra
Anuj Kumar Agarwal
Hiep Van Le
Binh Thai Pham


Designing an accurate system for temperature measurements

Abstract: The method of compensation of changes in temperature field along the legs of inhomogeneous thermocouple, which measures a temperature of an object, is considered in this paper. This compensation is achieved by stabilization of the temperature field along the thermocouple. Such stabilization does not allow the error due to acquired thermoelectric inhomogeneity to manifest itself. There is also proposed the design of the furnace to stabilize temperature field along the legs of the thermocouple which measures the temperature of an object. This furnace is not integrated with the thermocouple mentioned above, therefore it is possible to replace this thermocouple with a new one when it get its legs considerably inhomogeneous.. There is designed the two loop measuring system with the ability of error correction which can use simultaneously a usual thermocouple as well as a thermocouple with controlled profile of temperature field. The latter can be used as a reference sensor for the former.


Near infrared spectroscopy predicts crude protein concentration in hemp grain

Abstract: Abstract This study evaluated near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for nondestructive crude protein (CP) prediction in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) grain and validated the biological basis of spectral predictions. Note that 149 whole grain samples from 38 cultivars were collected from New York trials (2017–2021) and validated for CP by combustion. Seven preprocessing methods were tested using 100 training/testing splits, with standard normal variate transformation following Savitzky–Golay filtering selected as optimal. Comparing algorithms showed that partial least squares regression (PLSR) significantly outperformed support vector machines and random forest. The best preprocessing method and algorithm was applied to 1000 additional splits. Optimal models contained 12 components with mean performance of root mean square error [RMSE] = 9.94, r2 = 0.84, relative predicted deviation [RPD] = 2.5, and ratio of performance to interquartile distance [RPIQ] = 3.94. More than 99% of the models had, at minimum, the ability to distinguish between high and low values, with 93.2% capable of quantitative prediction. To validate biological relevance, a protein‐focused model was developed using three known protein absorption bands (1200–1250, 1500–1550, and 2040–2090 nm). These models had substantially reduced performance with 86% of models capable of distinguishing between high and low values but only 14% of models capable of quantitative prediction. However, this targeted approach offers evidence that NIRS predictions are biologically grounded in protein‐specific spectral features rather than spurious correlations. This research demonstrates the promise and biological validity of NIRS for hemp grain CP assessment, supporting applications in breeding programs, although applications demanding more accurate prediction will require better models.

Ryan V. Crawford
Jamie L. Crawford
Julie L. Hansen
Lawrence B. Smart
Virginia M. Moore


Radiative forcings for 28 potential Archean greenhouse gases

Abstract:
Despite reduced insolation in the late Archean, evidence suggests a~warm
climate which was likely sustained by a stronger greenhouse effect, the
so-called faint young sun problem (FYSP). CO2 and CH4 are
generally thought to be the mainstays of this enhanced greenhouse, though
many other gases have been proposed. We present high accuracy radiative
forcings for CO2, CH4, and 26 other gases, performing the
radiative transfer calculations at line-by-line resolution and using HITRAN
2012 line data for background pressures of 0.5, 1, and 2 bar of
atmospheric N2. For CO2 to resolve the FYSP alone at
2.8 Gyr BP (80% of present solar luminosity), 0.32 bar is
needed with 0.5 bar of atmospheric N2, 0.20 bar
with 1 bar of atmospheric N2, or 0.11 bar with
2 bar of atmospheric N2. For CH4, we find that
near-infrared absorption is much stronger than previously thought, arising
from updates to the HITRAN database. CH4 radiative forcing peaks at
10.3, 9, or 8.3 W m−2 for background pressures of 0.5, 1, or
2 bar, likely limiting the utility of CH4 for warming the
Archean. For the other 26 HITRAN gases, radiative forcings of up to a few to
10 W m−2 are obtained from concentrations of 0.1–1 ppmv for
many gases. For the 20 strongest gases, we calculate the reduction in
radiative forcing due to overlap. We also tabulate the modern sources, sinks,
concentrations, and lifetimes of these gases and summaries the literature on
Archean sources and concentrations. We recommend the forcings provided here
be used both as a first reference for which gases are likely good greenhouse
gases, and as a standard set of calculations for validation of radiative
forcing calculations for the Archean.

Environmental pollution
Environmental protection
Environmental sciences


Preface


Dispensador automático de alimento para mascotas

Abstract: Este equipo tiene como finalidad ayudarnos en la alimentación de nuestra mascota en horarios definidos, basta con una simple configuración inicial y trabajará de forma continua indefinidamente, con respaldo del suministro de energía eléctrica. Con el contenedor lleno de alimento utilizándolo para razas grandes tendríamos 6 días de alimentación continua, teniendo en cuenta de la cantidad de alimento que contiene el dispensador es de 5kg, los días podrían variar dependiendo de la cantidad de alimento que se desee despachar a su mascota. Este equipo puede racionalizar la  comida de su mascota y evitar que los dueños deban estar permanentemente alimentándole, es fácil de transportarlo de un lugar a otro y resulta muy útil cuando se deba dejar su hogar por varios días y a su mascota no le faltará su alimento.

Daniel Orlando Icaza-Álvarez
Gabino Tito
Wilma Padilla
Geovanny Pesántez
Freddy Pozo

Technology (General)
Environmental sciences


Microplastic as a vector of heavy metals and chemicals in aquatic ecosystems

Abstract: Microplastics (MPs) have become a symbol of modern life and their fate in the environment is an issue of great concern. MPs have attracted attention for their widespread distribution, especially in the aquatic ecosystems. MPs can act as a vector of various heavy metals in the environment and pose a threat to marine and freshwater organisms as well as human health. The MP surfaces play a defining role in the adsorption of heavy metal. Aged or biofouled MPs further induce the adsorption of metals.  Particular microplastic (MPs) polymers have a higher tendency for adsorption of some metals specifically. Evidence shows that MPs are vectors for persistent organic pollutants (POPs), pharmaceuticals, and especially heavy metals. MP surfaces can retain chemical contaminants over six-fold higher than the surrounding environment. Since plastic materials offer different surface characteristics, therefore chemical composition, functional groups, crystallinity, and carbon chains vary significantly. The differences between plastic materials determine how they interact and become vectors for chemicals in aquatic systems. MPs could be enriched with heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), Pb, Mn, etc. The biofilms developed on the MP surface can enhance the adsorption capacities of heavy metals. It is urgent to understand the pattern of interactions of MPs with heavy metals in various aquatic systems. This allows us to understand the severity of ecotoxic effects which in turn helps regulate these pollutants. The adsorption of heavy metals on MPs increases their bioaccumulation. In this paper, we summarize the occurrence of MPs in a given aquatic ecosystem and patterns of interaction with heavy metals.

Javid Imanpour Namin
Fereshteh Hajiaghaei Ghaazi Mahalleh

Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences


Analysis of physical and morphological parameters of silk fibers in the aesthetic properties of silk fabrics

Abstract: This article outlines the issues of providing the medium-sized industrial sector with natural fiber products, analyzing the aesthetic properties of fabrics in the production of fabrics that meet the aesthetic and hygienic requirements of consumers for a wide range of modern clothing, and determining the use of silk fabrics according to physical and mechanical characteristics. In the production of consumer goods in accordance with the needs of the population, the specific characteristics of gauze, including the connections between the air permeability of gauze and its filling with fiber, hygienic and hygroscopic, air and vapor permeability, the type of fabric, fiber composition, aesthetic properties, quality indicators are also analyzed. Aesthetic properties of gauzes are physical and morphological indicators, that is, color and given pattern of gauzes, hardness and layer formation; glossiness, depending on the structure of the surface level and evaluated parameters - it is determined that it depends on the requirements such as application, meeting the customs of the time and fashion trends. As a result of the research, in order to expand the scope of consumption of gas products, proposals were made to improve the production assortment, after studying the needs of consumers of different categories and nationalities.


A New Golden Age? Proposal for an Innovative Global Health Funding Mechanism for Middle‐Income Countries

Abstract: Abstract Despite economic growth and increased global commitment to health financing in the past decades, the health needs of some of the world's most vulnerable people remain overlooked. In particular, middle‐income countries (MICs) often face the conundrum of receiving reduced development assistance for health (DAH) while still being home to most of the world's poor and the majority of the global burden. We believe that this reflects shortcomings in the global DAH system's architecture, which operate on principles that do not respond well to current realities. Hence, we propose a novel mechanism for international health financing and action that specifically addresses the newly emerged strengths and needs of MICs. The Incentives for Health (I4H) Alliance will offer MICs flexible incentives in exchange for their making and meeting health‐related commitments in their countries. Countries can set their own health targets, in alignment with the existing Sustainable Development Goals' framework, and those that achieve them will be subsequently rewarded with financial or other incentives, which are not restricted to the health sector. We believe that the I4H Alliance will promote greater MIC involvement towards global health financing both as incentive providers and recipients; encourage collaboration between Ministries of Health and Finance; and provide a needed complement to traditional DAH mechanisms. We advocate for the creation of I4H at a MICs‐oriented financing institution such as the New Development Bank. We intend I4H to spark new thinking around innovative health financing approaches to ensure that the “golden age” of global health remains ahead.

Claire Chaumont
Jenny Hsi
Christine Bohne
Sana Mostaghim
Suerie Moon


Urine metals concentrations and dyslexia among children in China

Abstract: Background: Exposures to heavy metals has been linked to many developmental disorders. However, few studies have investigated the effects of exposure and co-exposure to metals on dyslexia, especially with regard to dyslexics in China. Objectives: To investigate the association between urine metal concentrations and dyslexia in a case-control study among children in China. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Tongji Reading Environment and Dyslexia (READ) research program. A total of 228 dyslexics and 228 controls were matched on gender, age (within one year), and grade. The concentrations of 21 urine metals were measured by an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of Chinese dyslexia. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, two metals (selenium and argentum) were significantly associated with dyslexia in single-metal multivariable models. Argentum was positively associated with the risk of dyslexia, while selenium was negatively associated. In the multiple-metal model, compared with extreme quartiles, the ORs (95% CIs) for selenium was 0.36 (95% CI: 0.14–0.93; Ptrend = 0.029). In the joint association analysis, children with higher levels of urine argentum and lower level of urine selenium had a significantly higher risk of dyslexia than those with low levels of argentum and selenium (OR = 5.06, 95% CI: 1.67–18.84). Conclusions: The findings suggest that exposure to selenium and argentum may relate to dyslexia in China. Longitudinal studies are needed to further evaluate these relationships and investigate potential mechanisms.

Qi Xue
Yu Zhou
Huaiting Gu
Xinyan Xie
Fang Hou
Qi Liu
Hao Wu
Kaiheng Zhu
Zihao Wan
Ranran Song


Expert projections on the development and application of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage technologies

Abstract: Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is a crucial element in most modelling studies on emission pathways of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to limit global warming. BECCS can substitute fossil fuels in energy production and reduce CO _2 emissions, while using biomass for energy production can have feedback effects on land use, agricultural and forest products markets, as well as biodiversity and water resources. To assess the former pros and cons of BECCS deployment, interdisciplinary model approaches require detailed estimates of technological information related to BECCS production technologies. Current estimates of the cost structure and capture potential of BECCS vary widely due to the absence of large-scale production. To obtain more precise estimates, a global online expert survey ( N = 32) was conducted including questions on the regional development potential and biomass use of BECCS, as well as the future operating costs, capture potential, and scalability in different application sectors. In general, the experts consider the implementation of BECCS in Europe and North America to be very promising and regard BECCS application in the liquid biofuel industry and thermal power generation as very likely. The results show significant differences depending on whether the experts work in the Global North or the Global South. Thus, the findings underline the importance of including experts from the Global South in discussions on carbon dioxide removal methods. Regarding technical estimates, the operating costs of BECCS in thermal power generation were estimated in the range of 100–200 USD/tCO _2 , while the CO _2 capture potential was estimated to be 50–200 MtCO _2 yr ^−1 by 2030, with cost-efficiency gains of 20% by 2050 due to technological progress. Whereas the individuals’ experts provided more precise estimates, the overall distribution of estimates reflected the wide range of estimates found in the literature. For the cost shares within BECCS, it was difficult to obtain consistent estimates. However, due to very few current alternative estimates, the results are an important step for modelling the production sector of BECCS in interdisciplinary models that analyse cross-dimensional trade-offs and long-term sustainability.

Tobias Heimann
Lara-Sophie Wähling
Tomke Honkomp
Ruth Delzeit
Alessandra Pirrone
Franziska Schier
Holger Weimar

Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering


三峡库区典型农业小流域次降雨产沙过程及其影响因素

Abstract: 为探究引起三峡库区农业小流域土壤侵蚀的主要次降雨因子，通过天然降雨观测资料，分析忠县石盘丘小流域2019年侵蚀性降雨年内分布特征和典型次降雨条件下A和B 2个集水区产沙过程的变化规律，采用相关性分析方法，揭示次降雨产沙的主要影响因素。结果表明：（1）全年119场降雨资料中，有19场为侵蚀性降雨。全年侵蚀性中雨共发生10次，是侵蚀性降雨中最常见的降雨类型。暴雨及以上降雨是造成研究区产沙量最大的降雨类型。（2）在典型中雨、大雨和暴雨产沙事件中，B集水区产沙量分别是A集水区的5.13，1.66，7.56倍。对3场典型次降雨产沙过程进行分析发现，B集水区产沙过程线随降雨历时的延长，变化程度更剧烈。（3）各PIn因子与研究区产沙量的相关性系数大小排序为PI30 > PI10 > PI15 > PI60 > PI5 > PI90 > PI。对各类降雨因子与研究区的产沙量进行相关性分析，系数大小排序为P > PIn > In > I > T。A、B集水区产沙量与次降雨量P和PI30均存在极显著正相关性。总之，在三峡库区开展水土保持工作时，要加强对暴雨及以上降雨造成农业小流域水土流失的监测与预警响应能力；P和PI30能较好地反映三峡库区天然次降雨对农业小流域侵蚀产沙的影响；对天然降雨条件下的次降雨侵蚀力进行估算时，可将PI30作为主要参考因子；农林水复合生态系统与结构简单的传统农耕模式相比，具有更丰富多元的层次结构，不仅能全面开发利用小流域的农业资源，更有利于保持水土，且其对降雨环境变化的适应性也更强。

崔璨 王小燕 孙宁婷 陈方鑫 陈晓燕 龙翼

Editorial Department of Journal of Soil and Water Conservation


Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting Relative Permeability in Talang Akar Formation

Abstract: Relative permeability is a substantial parameter for estimating multi-phase fluid flow in porous rocks. It is a complex physical property that is influenced by the behavior and interactions between the fluid and rock phases. Relative permeability measurement of rock samples in laboratory can be carried out using steady-state or non-steady-state techniques. Permeability measurement is relatively difficult and time consuming. Because of the difficulty in measurement, empirical models are often used to estimate relative permeability or extrapolate to limited laboratory data. Artificial neural network (ANN) is a method that can be applied to obtain complex correlations of parameters that influence each other. In this study, ANN is used to predict the relative permeability of oil and water. The proposed model evaluates the relative permeability of a phase as a function of rock absolute permeability, porosity, depth, permeability of other phases and water saturation. A total of 159 relative permeability data from Talang Akar Formation were used for the training and testing processes. Based on the comparison between measured and calculated data, the correlation coefficients for relative permeability to water and oil using ANN method are 0.77 and 0.94 respectively. While those using regression analysis are 0.88 and 0.73 respectively.

Fathaddin Muhammad Taufiq
Sari Alvita Kumala
Sutansyah Daddy
Ulfah Baiq Maulinda
Bae Wisup
Rakhmanto Pri Agung
Irawan Sonny


Influence of proxy data uncertainty on data assimilation for the past climate

Abstract:
Data assimilation (DA) is an emerging topic in palaeoclimatology and one of
the key challenges in this field. Assimilating proxy-based continental mean
temperature reconstructions into the MPI-ESM model showed a lack of
information propagation to small spatial scales <cite class="cite"/>. Here,
we investigate whether this lack of regional skill is due to the methodology
or to errors in the assimilated reconstructions. Error separation is
fundamental, as it can lead to improvements in DA methods. We address the
question by performing a new set of simulations, using two different sets of
target data; the proxy-based PAGES 2K reconstructions (DA-P scheme), and the
HadCRUT3v instrumental observations (DA-I scheme). Again, we employ
ensemble-member selection DA using the MPI-ESM model, and assimilate Northern
Hemisphere (NH) continental mean temperatures; the simulated period is
1850–1949 AD. Both DA schemes follow the large-scale target and observed
climate variations well, but the assimilation of instrumental data improves
the performance. This improvement cannot be seen for Asia, where the limited
instrumental coverage leads to errors in the target data and low skill for
the DA-I scheme. No skill on small spatial scales is found for either of the
two DA schemes, demonstrating that errors in the assimilated data are not the
main reason for the unrealistic representation of the regional temperature
variability in Europe and the NH. It can thus be concluded that assimilating
continental mean temperatures is not ideal for providing skill on small
spatial scales.


Risk informed and resilient development: Engaging the private sector in the era of the Sendai Framework

Abstract: Businesses are increasingly aware of their responsibility to work with, and within, their communities towards a resilient and sustainable future for all. This is thanks, in part, to the Sendai Framework, which first recognized the critical role played in disaster risk reduction by the private sector as employers, innovators, producers, asset-holders and investors. ARISE, the UNISDR Private Sector Alliance for Disaster Resilient Societies, was closely engaged in the development of the Sendai Framework and now works to demonstrate the impact of disaster risk-informed decision-making by businesses, as well as the potential of businesses as willing partners in advancing resilience.

Yoshiko Abe
Irina Zodrow
Debbra A.K. Johnson
Liza Silerio

Environmental sciences
Social sciences (General)