XILS Credibility Assessment and Scenario Representativeness Methodology Based on Geometric Similarity Analysis for Autonomous Driving Systems

Abstract: With continuous advancements in autonomous driving technology, systematic and reliable safety verification is becoming increasingly important. However, despite the active development of various X-in-the-loop simulation (XILS) platforms to validate autonomous driving systems (ADSs), standardized evaluation frameworks for assessing the credibility of the simulation platforms themselves remain lacking. Therefore, we propose a novel integrated credibility-assessment methodology that combines dynamics-based fidelity assessment, parameter-based reliability assessment, and scenario-based reliability assessment. These three techniques evaluate the similarity and consistency between XILS and real-world test data based on statistical and mathematical comparisons. The three consistency measures are then utilized to derive a dynamics-based correlation metric for fidelity, along with parameter-based and scenario-based correlation and applicability metrics for reliability. The novel contribution of this paper lies in a geometric similarity analysis methodology that significantly enhances the efficiency of credibility assessment. We propose a methodology that enables geometric similarity assessment through spider chart visualization of metrics derived from the credibility-assessment process and shape comparison, based on Procrustes, Fréchet, and Hausdorff distances. As a result, speed is not a dominant factor for credibility evaluation, enabling assessment with a single representative speed test; the framework simplifies the XILS evaluation and enhances ADS validation efficiency.

Seungjae Han
Taeyoung Oh
Soohyeon Lee
Siyeong Park
Jinwoo Yoo


Fitness-based models and pairwise comparison models of evolutionary games are typically different—even in unstructured populations

Abstract: The modeling of evolutionary game dynamics in finite populations requires microscopic processes that determine how strategies spread. The exact details of these processes are often chosen without much further consideration. Different types of microscopic models, including in particular fitness-based selection rules and pairwise comparison dynamics, are often used as if they were interchangeable. We challenge this view and investigate how robust these choices on the micro-level really are. We focus on a key macroscopic quantity, the probability for a single mutant to take over a population of wild-type individuals. We show that even in unstructured populations there is only one pair of a fitness-based process and a pairwise comparison process leading to identical outcomes for arbitrary games and for all intensities of selection. This strong restriction is not relaxed even when the class of pairwise comparison processes is broadened. This highlights the perils of making arbitrary choices at the micro-level without regard of the consequences at the macro-level.

Bin Wu
Benedikt Bauer
Tobias Galla
Arne Traulsen


Electromagnetically Driven Robot for Multipurpose Applications

Abstract: This paper presents a novel design of a continuum robot driven by electromagnets and springs, offering enhanced precision in multi-degree-of-freedom bending for diverse applications. Traditional continuum robots, while effective in navigating constrained environments, often face limitations in actuation methods, such as wire-based systems or pre-curved tubes. Our design overcomes these challenges by utilizing electromagnetically driven actuation, which allows each segment of the robot to bend independently at any angle, providing unprecedented flexibility and control. The technical challenges discussed emphasize the goals of this work, with the main aim being to develop a motion control system that uses electromagnets and springs to improve the accuracy and consistency of the robot’s movements. By balancing magnetic and spring forces, our system ensures predictable and stable motion in 3D space. The integration of this mechanism into multi-segmented robots opens up new possibilities in fields such as medical devices, search and rescue operations, and industrial inspection. Finite element method (FEM) simulations validate the efficiency of the proposed approach, demonstrating the precise control of the robot’s motion trajectory and enhancing its operational reliability in complex scenarios.

Abdulrahman Alrumayh
Khaled Alhassoon
Fahd Alsaleem
Mahmoud Shaban
Fahad Nasser Alsunaydih

Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)


Spin dynamics in permalloy nano-ellipses for honeycomb and square lattices

Abstract: We report experimental and theoretical studies of spin dynamics in lattice structures of permalloy (Ni80Fe20) nano-ellipses, with four different types of networks including honeycomb and square lattices. The lattices are patterned at the center line of the co-planar wave guide and consist of non-contacting or contacting ellipses. Micromagnetic simulations show excellent agreement with the broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) experimental results. We find the existence of a spin-wave mode localized in the vertex region of the contacting nano-ellipse network. Our finding has important implications when designing an artificial spin ice (ASI) network for functional magnonics.

Wonbae Bang
M. T. Kaffash
M. T. Hossain
A. Hoffmann
J. B. Ketterson
M. B. Jungfleisch


Graviton condensate stars and its gravitational echoes

Abstract: We construct the exact stellar configurations that contain an ordinary perfect-fluid matter that interacts minimally with a condensate of gravitons with distinct pressure conditions on the surface. We propose vanishing transverse pressure on the surface for, namely graviton condensate type 1 and vanishing radial pressure on the surface for type 2. The condition for the radial pressure of type 1 requires the existence of a thin shell that will balance the pressure discontinuity while for type 2, the discontinuity on transverse pressure does not require the additional thin shell. It is found that the Buchdahl inequality of the resulting stellar configurations depends on the parameter related to the graviton condensate, such that we can find the ultra-compact regime of the stellar models. Moreover, the echo time and echo frequency within the ultra-compact regime are computed. At the same compactness, it is found that the presence of the graviton condensate will delay the gravitational echoes for type 2 and will expedite the gravitational echoes for type 1 compared to constant density star, τecho2 > τCDS > τecho1. Furthermore, the gravitational perturbation of a massless scalar wave is also investigated to support these results. These results could open more opportunities for the observational study of graviton in the near future, mostly from the compact astrophysical objects.


Flattening the Curve of Flexible Space Robotics

Abstract: Infrastructure monitoring, inspection, repair, and replacement in space is crucial for continued usage and safety, yet it is expensive, time-consuming, and technically very challenging. New robotics technologies and artificial intelligence algorithms are potentially novel approaches that may alleviate such demanding operations using existing or novel sensing technologies. Space structures must necessarily be very light weight due to the high costs of placing robots in space. Several methods are proposed and compared to control highly flexible space robotics, where a key challenge is the presence of flexible resonant modes at frequencies so low as to reside inside typical feedback controller bandwidths. Such conditions imply the very action of sending control signals to the ultra-light weight robotics will cause structural resonance. Implementations of incrementally increasing order are offered, achieving an over ninety percent performance improvement in trajectory tracking errors, while improvement using unshaped methods merely achieve a twenty-four percent improvement in direct comparison (where the only modification is the proposed control methodology). Based on superior performance, single-sinusoidal trajectory shaping is recommended, with a corollary benefit of preparing future research into applying deterministic artificial intelligence whose current instantiation relies on single-sinusoidal, autonomous trajectory generation.


New detection technologies for ultra-high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos

Abstract: Even with an accumulated data set from an integrated six years of lifetime from the Auger experiment, no point sources of charged cosmic rays have be identified at the highest energies. Significantly increased apertures such as promised by the JEMEUSO mission will be required to identify these sources from the cosmic ray signatures themselves. However, in employing water-cherenkov surface detectors as well as fluorescence telescopes, Auger has demonstrated the power provided by the hybrid technology approach. New detection technologies thus provide a valuable tool, in particular for the study of systematic effects. Over the past decade, in particular radio detection of cosmic ray air-showers has become a viable future detection technology to enhance and complement existing air-shower experiments. Following the proof-of-principle provided by the Lopes experiment, this technology is now being pursued in all major air-shower detectors. In the MHz regime, the radio signal is dominated by geomagnetic emission from the electrons deflected in the earth magnetic field, with secondary contributions from a global charge excess. As the majority of the energy in the shower is carried by these electron and the radio signal traverses the atmosphere basically unattenuated, this approach not only promises superior energy resolution but may also provide an independent handle on the longitudinal shower development and hence the primary composition. Theoretical signal predictions provided by detailed Monte-Carlo simulations as well as analytic shower parametrizations are in good agreement with measurements provided by the AERA and Codalema experiments. Recent efforts also include studies of the radio emission in the GHz regime, where the ambient noise is significantly reduced, yet the emission mechanism in this regime has not been firmly established yet. As neutrinos are not deflected in the intergalactic magnetic fields, the detection of neutrino-induced cascades in dense media provides another promising approachfor the identification of the sources of cosmic rays. The low event rates and large required target volumes limit the experimental methods to far-ranging signatures .from the cascade, such as acoustic emission from the quasi-instantaneous energy deposit or Cherenkov emission from the charged particles in the cascade. Searching for optical Cherenkov photons in a cubic-kilometer of Antarctic ice, the IceCube experiment has recently found an excess of high-energy neutrinos in the TeV-PeV range.Yet its effective volume is too small to detect the GZK flux predicted from interaction of the highest-energy cosmic rays with the ambient cosmic microwave background. Seeking to increase the observed target volume, radio observations of the rim of the moon have energy thresholds well beyond the EeV scale and thus are more likely to find interactions of charged cosmic rays than GZK neutrinos. The currently best sensitivity to this flux is provided from searches for GHz radio emission of neutrino-induced cascades in the antarctic ice from the ANITA ballon experiment. While no high-energy neutrinos have been found, a geomagnetic emission component from air-showers


Item analysis: basic concepts of physics students in geometric optics

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze students' items and abilities—the analysis for mapping test instruments and students' basic concepts regarding optics subjects before lectures are held. The test participants were 35 physics students. The analysis model of item response theory is a one-parameter logistic model or Rasch Model with the scope of analysis of the level of item difficulty, student ability, and statements that fit the item response model. Analysis of item responses and student responses carried out using Winstep version 3.73 software. The results of the qualitative analysis of the test items consisted of memory (C1) analysis (C4). The quantitative analysis using the Rasch model showed that 35% of the total items were difficult category items. For the suitability of test items in the instrument by 85% of items fit or generally function in measurement, more than 57% of students have the geometric optical ability in logit values of 0 to 1. The results of item analysis and student ability become information for teachers to design courses such as method selection, project implementation strategies, and assessments are undertaken.

Godelfridus Hadung Lamanepa
Rosenti Pasaribu
Claudia M.M. Maing

Gravity: Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Fisika

Special aspects of education
Astrophysics
Physics


Preparation of 2,4-dimethyldecane, 5-n-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-ethylnonane, and 3- and 4-ethyldecanes

Alan R. Katritzky
Satheesh K. Nair
Stephane Ledoux
Rachel M. Witek
Novruz G. Akhmedov
Peter A. Gordon
Margaret M. Wu


Natural Polyphenols for the Preservation of Meat and Dairy Products

Abstract: Food spoilage makes foods undesirable and unacceptable for human use. The preservation of food is essential for human survival, and different techniques were initially used to limit the growth of spoiling microbes, e.g., drying, heating, salting, or fermentation. Water activity, temperature, redox potential, preservatives, and competitive microorganisms are the most important approaches used in the preservation of food products. Preservative agents are generally classified into antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-browning agents. On the other hand, artificial preservatives (sorbate, sulfite, or nitrite) may cause serious health hazards such as hypersensitivity, asthma, neurological damage, hyperactivity, and cancer. Thus, consumers prefer natural food preservatives to synthetic ones, as they are considered safer. Polyphenols have potential uses as biopreservatives in the food industry, because their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities can increase the storage life of food products. The antioxidant capacity of polyphenols is mainly due to the inhibition of free radical formation. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of plants and herbs is mainly attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds. Thus, incorporation of botanical extracts rich in polyphenols in perishable foods can be considered since no pure polyphenolic compounds are authorized as food preservatives. However, individual polyphenols can be screened in this regard. In conclusion, this review highlights the use of phenolic compounds or botanical extracts rich in polyphenols as preservative agents with special reference to meat and dairy products.

Hammad Ullah
Yaseen Hussain
Cristina Santarcangelo
Alessandra Baldi
Alessandro Di Minno
Haroon Khan
Jianbo Xiao
Maria Daglia


A nova lei de patentes, a indústria química e a universidade


Synthesis of a Pseudodisaccharide α-C-Glycosidically Linked to an 8-Alkylated Guanine

Abstract: The synthesis of stable guanofosfocin analogues has attracted considerable attention in the past 15 years. Several guanofosfocin analogues mimicking the three constitutional elements of mannose, ribose, and guanine were designed and synthesized. Interest in ether-linked pseudodisaccharides and 8-alkylated guanines is increasing, due to their potential applications in life science. In this article, a novel guanofosfocin analogue 6, an ether-linked pseudodisaccharide connected α-C-glycosidically to an 8-alkylated guanine, was synthesized in a 10-longest linear step sequence from known diol 13, resulting in an overall yield of 26%. The key steps involve the ring-opening of cyclic sulfate 8 by alkoxide generated from 7 and a reductive cyclization of 4-N-acyl-2,4-diamino-5-nitrosopyrimidine 19 to form compound 6.


Assessment of role of PPE in preventing the spread of infection among the dental surgeons: A prospective study

Abstract: Although there is easy accessibility of infection control measures and recommendation regarding the PPE, most of the dentists failed to practice appropriate infection control measures. The aim of the current survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, perception, and attitude regarding the role of PPE among the dental care professionals in COVID-19. This is cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey conducted among dental care professionals in Tamil Nadu. The self-administered questions related to the PPE infection control measures were collected from 500 subjects. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS (V 22.0). The frequency distribution was computed. This survey revealed that all the 500 (100%) respondents had awareness about the role of PPE in COVID-19 pandemic. Among the 500 study subjects, 93.2% had well-known knowledge about PPE, 60.4% of dentist strictly adheres to the use of PPE in routine dental practice, 80.2% of dentist mentioned PPE is safe and effective against spread of infection, and 93.4% of dentist had awareness about donning and doffing. Conclusion: From the beginning of this COVID-19, information provided by the health organization like CDC and WHO regarding the role of PPE had positive impact among the dental care professionals.

S Srinidhi
Sujithraj Stephen
Karthiga Mohankumar
Thomson M D'Cruz
Krithika Subbiah
Gireesh K Subbiah
Nagappan Nagappan
Bhuvaneswari Mani

Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences

Pharmacy and materia medica
Analytical chemistry


Fertility and Iron Bioaccumulation in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Fed with Magnetite Nanoparticles Using a Validated Method

Abstract: Research on nanomaterial exposure-related health risks is still quite limited; this includes standardizing methods for measuring metals in living organisms. Thus, this study validated an atomic absorption spectrophotometry method to determine fertility and bioaccumulated iron content in Drosophila melanogaster flies after feeding them magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) dosed in a culture medium (100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg kg−1). Some NPs were also coated with chitosan to compare iron assimilation. Considering both accuracy and precision, results showed the method was optimal for concentrations greater than 20 mg L−1. Recovery values were considered optimum within the 95–105% range. Regarding fertility, offspring for each coated and non-coated NPs concentration decreased in relation to the control group. Flies exposed to 100 mg L−1 of coated NPs presented the lowest fertility level and highest bioaccumulation factor. Despite an association between iron bioaccumulation and NPs concentration, the 500 mg L−1 dose of coated and non-coated NPs showed similar iron concentrations to those of the control group. Thus, Drosophila flies’ fertility decreased after NPs exposure, while iron bioaccumulation was related to NPs concentration and coating. We determined this method can overcome sample limitations and biological matrix-associated heterogeneity, thus allowing for bioaccumulated iron detection regardless of exposure to coated or non-coated magnetite NPs, meaning this protocol could be applicable with any type of iron NPs.

Fernanda Pilaquinga
Sofía Cárdenas
Doris Vela
Eliza Jara
Jeroni Morey
José Luis Gutiérrez-Coronado
Alexis Debut
María de las Nieves Piña


Kinetics, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Study for Ultrafast Adsorption of Azo Dye by an Efficient Sorbent: Ternary Mg/(Al + Fe) Layered Double Hydroxides

Snehaprava Das
Suresh Kumar Dash
K. M. Parida


Asymmetric Synthesis of Three Alkenyl Epoxides: Crafting the Sex Pheromones of the Elm Spanworm and the Painted Apple Moth

Abstract: A concise synthesis of the sex pheromones of elm spanworm as well as painted apple moth has been achieved. The key steps were the alkylation of acetylide ion, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation and Brown’s P2-Ni reduction. This approach provided the sex pheromone of the elm spanworm (1) in 31% total yield and those of the painted apple moth (2, 3) in 26% and 32% total yields. The ee values of three final products were up to 99%. The synthesized pheromones hold promising potential for use in the management and control of these pests.

Yun Zhou
Jianan Wang
Beijing Tian
Yanwei Zhu
Yujuan Zhang
Jinlong Han
Jiangchun Zhong
Chenggang Shan


Knowledge, Perceptions and Attitude Towards Effect of Screen Time among Undergraduate Students

Abstract:
Background:
Students belong to the most significant groups of individuals that use technology. Screen time impacts several factors including health and behavior. It is still mostly unknown how physical activity and screen-grounded programming interact to affect health-related quality of life.
Methods:
The study had been carried out as a crossed sectional survey. (google form survey circulated to participating university students). The student selection for this cross-sectional survey, included all undergraduate students aged 18–30 years, studying in MRIIRS, Faridabad. Participants-100, inclusion criteria age: 18–30 years university students exclusion criteria age: below 18 years.
Results and Conclusion:
The findings indicated that the combination of excessive screen time and no physical activity had the biggest detrimental effect on “health-related quality of life”.

Mehak Pant
Lubna Salman
Anupama V. Betigeri
Hmangai Sangi
Harsh Widge
Harshita Raj


Different Behavior of 2-Substituted 3-Nitro-2<i>H</i>-chromenes in the Reaction with Stabilized Azomethine Ylides Generated from α-Iminoesters

Abstract: The AgOAc-catalysed reaction of 3-nitro-2-phenyl-2H-chromenes with stabilized azomethine ylides generated from the imines based on methyl glycinate and arylaldehydes leads to a mixture of endo and endo’ isomers of the corresponding chromeno[3,4-c]pyrrolidines in a ratio of 2.0–2.3:1 in 85–93% total yields as a result of a Michael addition/Mannich reaction sequence. In a similar reaction involving 2-trifluoromethyl-3-nitro-2H-chromenes, only endo chromeno[3,4-c]pyrrolidines are formed in 85–94% yields. 3-Nitro-2-(trichloromethyl)-2H-chromenes under the same conditions react with these azomethine ylides to give the corresponding Michael adducts as individual anti-isomers with the cis,trans-configuration of the chromane ring in 40–67% yields. Some 4-CF3-substituted chromano[3,4-c]pyrrolidines exhibited high cytotoxic activity against HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells.

Ivan A. Kochnev
Alexey Y. Barkov
Nikita S. Simonov
Maria V. Ulitko
Nikolay S. Zimnitskiy
Vladislav Y. Korotaev
Vyacheslav Y. Sosnovskikh


Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Chitin Derived from the Asian Hornet, <i>Vespa velutina</i> Lepeletier 1836 (Hym.: Vespidae)

Abstract: Fifteen years ago, at least one multimated female yellow-legged Asian hornet (Vespa velutina Lepeletier 1836) arrived in France, which gave rise to a pan-European invasion. In this study, the isolation and characterization of chitin (CHI) that was obtained from Vespa velutina (CHIVV) is described. In addition, an easy procedure is carried out to capture the raw insect, selectively and with high rates of success. The chitin contents of dry VV was observed to be 11.7%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid-state NMR (ssNMR), elemental analysis (EA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) characterized the physicochemical properties of CHIVV. The obtained CHIVV is close to pure (43.47% C, 6.94% H, and 6.85% N), and full acetylated with a value of 95.44%. Additionally, lifetime and kinetic parameters such as activation E and the frequency factor A using model-free and model-fitting methods, were determined. For CHIVV the solid state mechanism that follows the thermodegradation is of type F2 (random nucleation around two nuclei). The invasive Asian hornet is a promising alternative source of CHI, based on certain factors, such as the current and probable continued abundance of the quantity and quality of the product obtained.

Xesús Feás
M.  Pilar Vázquez-Tato
Julio  A. Seijas
Anna Pratima G. Nikalje
Francisco Fraga-López


Synthesis of 9-arylalkynyl- and 9-aryl-substituted benzo[b]quinolizinium derivatives by Palladium-mediated cross-coupling reactions

Abstract: 9-Arylbenzo[b]quinolizinium derivatives were prepared with base-free Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions between benzo[b]quinolizinium-9-trifluoroborate and selected benzenediazonium salts. In addition, the Sonogashira coupling reaction between 9-iodobenzo[b]quinolizinium and the arylalkyne derivatives yielded four novel 9-(arylethynyl)benzo[b]quinolizinium derivatives under relatively mild reaction conditions. The 9-(N,N-dimethylaminophenylethynyl)benzo[b]quinolizinium is only very weakly emitting, but the emission intensity increases by a factor >200 upon protonation, so that this derivative may operate as pH-sensitive light-up probe. Photometric and fluorimetric titrations of duplex and quadruplex DNA to 9-(arylethynyl)benzo[b]quinolizinium derivatives revealed a significant binding affinity of these compounds towards both DNA forms with binding constants of Kb = 0.2–2.2 × 105 M−1.

Siva Sankar Murthy Bandaru
Darinka Dzubiel
Heiko Ihmels
Mohebodin Karbasiyoun
Mohamed M. A. Mahmoud
Carola Schulzke


A Novel Imide-Bridged Polysiloxane Membrane Was Prepared via One-Pot Hydrosilylation Reaction for O2/N2 Separation

Shuangping Xu
Wenqiang Ma
Hailiang Zhou
Yushu Zhang
Hongge Jia
Jingyu Xu
Pengfei Jiang
Xintian Wang
Wenwen Zhao


A Hybrid Power Plant Based on Renewables and Electrochemical Energy Storage and Generation Systems for Decentralized Electricity Supply of the Northern Territories

Abstract: The goal of this paper is to present hybrid power plant based on photovoltaic panels, wind turbine and electrochemical energy storage and generation systems for decentralized power supply of the customers located remotely in northern territories. It was shown that rechargeable electric batteries and low-temperature direct methanol fuel cells could be successfully used in extreme northern conditions instead of diesel generators. Methanol energy storage considerably surpasses accumulator batteries by its capacitance characteristics, being especially important during periods of prolonged absence of energy supply from sun and wind, e.g., under the conditions of polar night and windless weather.

A.S. Grigoriev
V.V. Skorlygin
S.A. Grigoriev
D.A. Melnik
M.N. Filimonov

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Industrial electrochemistry
Physical and theoretical chemistry


Palladium-Catalyzed Stereoselective Construction of 1,3-Stereocenters Displaying Axial and Central Chirality via Asymmetric Alkylations

Abstract: The concurrent construction of 1,3-stereocenters remains a challenge. Herein, we report the development of stereoselective union of a point chiral center with allenyl axial chirality in 1,3-position by Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allenylic alkylation between racemic allenyl carbonates and indanone-derived β-ketoesters. Various target products bearing a broad range of functional groups were afforded in high yield (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee) and good diastereoselectivities (up to 13:1 dr).

Aiqi Xue
Xingfu Wei
Yue Huang
Jingping Qu
Baomin Wang


Antibacterial Biodegradable Films Based on Alginate with Silver Nanoparticles and Lemongrass Essential Oil–Innovative Packaging for Cheese

Abstract: Replacing the petroleum-based materials in the food industry is one of the main objectives of the scientists and decision makers worldwide. Biodegradable packaging will help diminish the environmental impact of human activity. Improving such biodegradable packaging materials by adding antimicrobial activity will not only extend the shelf life of foodstuff, but will also eliminate some health hazards associated with food borne diseases, and by diminishing the food spoilage will decrease the food waste. The objective of this research was to obtain innovative antibacterial films based on a biodegradable polymer, namely alginate. Films were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and microscopy, complex thermal analysis (TG-DSC-FTIR), UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Water vapor permeability and swelling behavior were also determined. As antimicrobial agents, we used silver spherical nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and lemongrass essential oil (LGO), which were found to act in a synergic way. The obtained films exhibited strong antibacterial activity against tested strains, two Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi). Best results were obtained against Bacillus cereus. The tests indicate that the antimicrobial films can be used as packaging, preserving the color, surface texture, and softness of cheese for 14 days. At the same time, the color of the films changed (darkened) as a function of temperature and light presence, a feature that can be used to monitor the storage conditions for sensitive food.

Ludmila Motelica
Denisa Ficai
Ovidiu-Cristian Oprea
Anton Ficai
Vladimir-Lucian Ene
Bogdan-Stefan Vasile
Ecaterina Andronescu
Alina-Maria Holban


The Effect of Yinchenhao Decoction on the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Futibatinib by HPLC-MS/MS

Abstract: Futibatinib is an excellent fibroblast growth factor receptor 1–4 (FGFR 1–4) inhibitor that exhibits selective anti-tumor activeness against FGFR-deregulated tumors. A new high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) technique for the quantitative analysis of futibatinib in beagle dog plasma was developed, and the effect of Yinchenhao decoction (YCHD) on the pharmacokinetics of futibatinib was evaluated. After processing plasma samples with ethyl acetate extraction in the alkaline condition of sodium carbonate, a C18 column (4.6 mm × 150, 5 μm) was used to accomplish the separation of futibatinib and ripretinib (internal standard, ISTD), with the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in water (60:40). The scanning method adopted a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with positive ion detection through the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The ion transitions for futibatinib and IS were m/z 419.20 → 296.15 and m/z 510.36 → 417.00, respectively. Futibatinib displayed excellent linearity in the range of 1–200 ng/mL. Neither inter-day nor intra-day precision exceeded 6.3%. The %RE values for accuracy ranged from −3.1% to 0.9%. The recovery, stability, and matrix effect of futibatinib also complied with the guidelines for the validation of quantitative analysis methods for biological samples in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In combination with YCHD, the Cmax of futibatinib increased by 40.84% compared to futibatinib dosage alone., and the AUC(0–t) and AUC(0–∞) of futibatinib increased by 78.06% and 82.71%, respectively. The Vd and CL of futibatinib were reduced by 20.05% and 40.85%, respectively. T1/2 was extended from 3.88 h to 5.26 h. The results indicated that YCHD could affect the pharmacokinetics of futibatinib and increase the plasma exposure of futibatinib. If YCHD is administered along with futibatinib, this study gives a first impression how pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics would change.

Chunfu Wang
Songmao Liang
Jiachen Xu
Yingfan Zhai
Jianghui Chen
Xiangjun Qiu


Regional and strain-level prevalence of nitrogen-fixing Bradyrhizobium with potential N2O reduction in South Korea

Abstract: Abstract Agricultural practices are the largest anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas contributing to global climate change. Applying symbiotic microbial inoculants capable of complete denitrification offers a promising strategy to mitigate N2O emissions from agricultural fields. This study reports the strain-level diversity and geographical distribution of soybean symbiont bacteria Bradyrhizobium species carrying the nosZ gene, which encodes nitrous oxide reductase. Of 227 indigenous Bradyrhizobium isolates from soybean root nodules across South Korea, 162 were found to possess the nosZ gene, indicating their potential for N2O reduction. The majority of the most prevalent species, Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, harbor the nosZ gene, contributing to the overall high frequency of nosZ-positive genotypes nationwide. In contrast, no evidence of the nosZ gene was detected in the second most abundant species, Bradyrhizobium elkanii, which was predominantly isolated from the southwestern regions, raising the possibility of elevated N₂O emissions in these areas. The presence of the nosZ gene varies substantially even within the same species, highlighting the importance of understanding strain-level genetic and functional diversity to develop Bradyrhizobium inoculants optimized for both nitrogen fixation and denitrification.


Nuclear genomic signals of the ‘microturbellarian’ roots of platyhelminth evolutionary innovation

Abstract: Flatworms number among the most diverse invertebrate phyla and represent the most biomedically significant branch of the major bilaterian clade Spiralia, but to date, deep evolutionary relationships within this group have been studied using only a single locus (the rRNA operon), leaving the origins of many key clades unclear. In this study, using a survey of genomes and transcriptomes representing all free-living flatworm orders, we provide resolution of platyhelminth interrelationships based on hundreds of nuclear protein-coding genes, exploring phylogenetic signal through concatenation as well as recently developed consensus approaches. These analyses robustly support a modern hypothesis of flatworm phylogeny, one which emphasizes the primacy of the often-overlooked ‘microturbellarian’ groups in understanding the major evolutionary transitions within Platyhelminthes: perhaps most notably, we propose a novel scenario for the interrelationships between free-living and vertebrate-parasitic flatworms, providing new opportunities to shed light on the origins and biological consequences of parasitism in these iconic invertebrates.

Christopher E Laumer
Andreas Hejnol
Gonzalo Giribet


Improved Immunohistochemistry of Mouse Eye Sections Using Davidson&#39;s Fixative and Melanin Bleaching

Abstract: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) are fundamental molecular biology techniques to assess protein expression. However, the melanin present normally in the eye in the uveal tract (choroid, iris, and ciliary body) and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) poses a significant challenge for IHC and IF. This is because melanin interferes with both chromogenic and fluorescent detection methods. Additionally, formalin fixation, which is commonly used for IHC, can result in shrinkage and loss of cellular detail in the eye. This protocol provides an optimized approach using Davidson’s fixative with a hydrogen peroxide bleaching step to eliminate melanin interference in the mouse eye, improving the quality and interpretability of IHC analyses of the uveal tract and RPE. It is particularly useful for the analysis of uveal melanoma.

Anne Longakit
Chloe Hess
Christina Zhang
Catherine Van Raamsdonk


Cell Fractionation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram negative bacterium. Separating the cell envelope compartments enables proteins to be localized to confirm where in the cell they function. Cell fractionation can also provide a first step in a protein purification strategy (Williams et al., 1998). This protocol has been designed to obtain the different fractions of P. aeruginosa, namely the inner membrane, outer membrane, cytoplasmic and periplasmic compartments. Specific detection of the arginine specific autotransporter (AaaA) (Luckett et al., 2012) in the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa has been performed using this protocol.


Electrochemical Sensor for Simple and Sensitive Determination of Hydroquinone in Water Samples Using Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Abstract: This study addressed the use of manganese dioxide nanorods/graphene oxide nanocomposite (MnO2 NRs/GO) for modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The modified electrode (MnO2 NRs/GO/GCE) was used as an electrochemical sensor for the determination of hydroquinone (HQ) in water samples. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and chronoamperometry were used for more analysis of the HQ electrochemical behavior. Analyses revealed acceptable electrochemical functions with lower transfer resistance of electrons and greater conductivity of the MnO2 NRs/GO/GCE. The small peak-to-peak separation is an indication of a rapid electron transfer reaction. Therefore, this result is probably related to the effect of the MnO2 NRs/GO nanocomposite on the surface of GCE. In the concentration range of 0.5 μM to 300.0 μM with the detection limit as 0.012 μM, there was linear response between concentration of HQ and the current. The selectivity of the modified electrode was determined by detecting 50.0 μM of HQ in the presence of various interferent molecules. At the end, the results implied the acceptable outcome of the prepared electrode for determining HQ in the water samples.

Parisa Karami-Kolmoti
Hadi Beitollahi
Sina Modiri


Multi-omics analysis delineates the distinct functions of sub-cellular acetyl-CoA pools in Toxoplasma gondii

Abstract: Abstract Background Acetyl-CoA is a key molecule in all organisms, implicated in several metabolic pathways as well as in transcriptional regulation and post-translational modification. The human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii possesses at least four enzymes which generate acetyl-CoA in the nucleo-cytosol (acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS); ATP citrate lyase (ACL)), mitochondrion (branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase-complex (BCKDH)) and apicoplast (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH)). Given the diverse functions of acetyl-CoA, we know very little about the role of sub-cellular acetyl-CoA pools in parasite physiology. Results To assess the importance and functions of sub-cellular acetyl-CoA-pools, we measured the acetylome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome of parasites lacking ACL/ACS or BCKDH. We demonstrate that ACL/ACS constitute a synthetic lethal pair. Loss of both enzymes causes a halt in fatty acid elongation, hypo-acetylation of nucleo-cytosolic and secretory proteins and broad changes in gene expression. In contrast, loss of BCKDH results in an altered TCA cycle, hypo-acetylation of mitochondrial proteins and few specific changes in gene expression. We provide evidence that changes in the acetylome, transcriptome and proteome of cells lacking BCKDH enable the metabolic adaptations and thus the survival of these parasites. Conclusions Using multi-omics and molecular tools, we obtain a global and integrative picture of the role of distinct acetyl-CoA pools in T. gondii physiology. Cytosolic acetyl-CoA is essential and is required for the synthesis of parasite-specific fatty acids. In contrast, loss of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA can be compensated for through metabolic adaptations implemented at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational level.

Joachim Kloehn
Rebecca D. Oppenheim
Ghizal Siddiqui
Pieter-Jan De Bock
Sunil Kumar Dogga
Yohann Coute
Mohamed-Ali Hakimi
Darren J. Creek
Dominique Soldati-Favre


The detection of trans gene fragments of hEPO in gene doping model mice by Taqman qPCR assay

Abstract: Background With the rapid progress of genetic engineering and gene therapy methods, the World Anti-Doping Agency has raised concerns regarding gene doping, which is prohibited in sports. However, there is no standard method available for detecting transgenes delivered by injection of naked plasmids. Here, we developed a detection method for detecting transgenes delivered by injection of naked plasmids in a mouse model that mimics gene doping. Methods Whole blood from the tail tip and one piece of stool were used as pre-samples of injection. Next, a plasmid vector containing the human erythropoietin (hEPO) gene was injected into mice through intravenous (IV), intraperitoneal (IP), or local muscular (IM) injection. At 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after injection, approximately 50 µL whole blood was collected from the tail tip. One piece of stool was collected at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. From each sample, total DNA was extracted and transgene fragments were analyzed by Taqman quantitative PCR (qPCR) and SYBR green qPCR. Results In whole blood DNA samples evaluated by Taqman qPCR, the transgene fragments were detected at all time points in the IP sample and at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 h in the IV and IM samples. In the stool-DNA samples, the transgene fragments were detected at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h in the IV and IM samples by Taqman qPCR. In the analysis by SYBR green qPCR, the transgene fragments were detected at some time point in both specimens; however, many non-specific amplicons were detected. Conclusions These results indicate that transgene fragments evaluated after each injection method of naked plasmids were detected in whole-blood and stool DNA samples. These findings may facilitate the development of methods for detecting gene doping.

Kai Aoki
Takehito Sugasawa
Kouki Yanazawa
Koichi Watanabe
Tohru Takemasa
Yoshinori Takeuchi
Yuichi Aita
Naoya Yahagi
Yasuko Yoshida
Tomoaki Kuji
Nanami Sekine
Kaoru Takeuchi
Haruna Ueda
Yasushi Kawakami
Kazuhiro Takekoshi


The Holo-Transcriptome of the Zoantharian Protopalythoa variabilis (Cnidaria: Anthozoa): A Plentiful Source of Enzymes for Potential Application in Green Chemistry, Industrial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Abstract: Marine invertebrates, such as sponges, tunicates and cnidarians (zoantharians and scleractinian corals), form functional assemblages, known as holobionts, with numerous microbes. This type of species-specific symbiotic association can be a repository of myriad valuable low molecular weight organic compounds, bioactive peptides and enzymes. The zoantharian Protopalythoa variabilis (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) is one such example of a marine holobiont that inhabits the coastal reefs of the tropical Atlantic coast and is an interesting source of secondary metabolites and biologically active polypeptides. In the present study, we analyzed the entire holo-transcriptome of P. variabilis, looking for enzyme precursors expressed in the zoantharian-microbiota assemblage that are potentially useful as industrial biocatalysts and biopharmaceuticals. In addition to hundreds of predicted enzymes that fit into the classes of hydrolases, oxidoreductases and transferases that were found, novel enzyme precursors with multiple activities in single structures and enzymes with incomplete Enzyme Commission numbers were revealed. Our results indicated the predictive expression of thirteen multifunctional enzymes and 694 enzyme sequences with partially characterized activities, distributed in 23 sub-subclasses. These predicted enzyme structures and activities can prospectively be harnessed for applications in diverse areas of industrial and pharmaceutical biotechnology.

Álvaro  Rossan de Brandão Prieto-da-Silva


Efecto de la comunidad bacteriana en el crecimiento, pigmentos y toxinas paralizantes en el dinoflagelado Gymnodinium catenatum (Graham)

Abstract: Gymnodinium catenatum, un dinoflagelado productor de toxinas paralizantes, es una de las especies de dinoflagelados más estudiadas, sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre sus interacciones con bacterias. En este estudio se determinó el efecto de un consorcio bacteriano en cepas de G. catenatum. Se emplearon 4 cepas de G. catenatum aisladas de Bahía de Santiago, Colima; Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán; Bahía Concepción y Bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur. De la cepa originaria de la costa de Colima se aisló un consorcio bacteriano compuesto de 3 bacterias empleando placas de agar con medio GSe. Se incubaron a una salinidad de 34, a 24 °C y en un ciclo de 12:12 h L:O. Gymnodinum catenatum se cultivó en medio GSe líquido en las mismas condiciones que las bacterias. La interacción entre los microorganismos se evaluó inoculando el consorcio bacteriano en las cepas de G. catenatum. Se determinó la abundancia máxima, las tasas de crecimiento, la longitud de cadenas y el perfil de pigmentos y toxinas paralizantes en G. catenatum en presencia y ausencia del consorcio bacteriano. En presencia de las bacterias no se observó la misma respuesta en el crecimiento de las cepas de G. catenatum, ni en el perfil y contenido de toxinas, pero sí se observó un incremento significativo en el número de células en cadena. También se notaron cambios en la morfología de G. catenatum. Además, en presencia del consorcio bacteriano, en la mayoría de las cepas incrementó el contenido de pigmentos accesorios. Los resultados sugieren que el consorcio bacteriano pudiera ser un agente estresante para G. catenatum proporcionando nuevas perspectivas de interacción entre las bacterias y G. catenatum.

Dulce V Ramírez-Rodríguez
Christine J Band-Schmidt
Bárbara González-Acosta
Francisco E Hernández-Sandoval
Aldo Aquino-Cruz
Sonia I Quijano-Scheggia
José J Bustillos-Guzmán


Hand grab or noose pole? Evaluating the least stressful practice for capture of endangered Turks and Caicos Rock Iguanas Cyclura carinata

Abstract: As the analysis of blood metabolites has become more readily accessible thanks to the use of point-of-care analyzers, it is now possible to evaluate stress level of wild animals directly in the field. Lactate is receiving much attention as a good stress level proxy in individuals subjected to capture, manual restraint, and data sampling in the wild, and appropriate protocols to maintain lactate values low should be preferred. In this study we compare how two different capture methodologies, hand grab vs. noose pole, affect the variation of blood lactate values in Cyclura carinata iguanas when captured for sampling. We used blood lactate concentration, measured immediately upon- and 15 min after-capture, as a proxy for stress level. While the primary goal of this work is to determine the least stressful capture methodology to be favored when sampling this and other wild iguanas, we also evaluated additional baseline physiological parameters relevant to the health and disease monitoring for this species. Our results show that while initial lactate values level-out in sampled individuals after 15 min in captivity, regardless of the capture methodology, rock iguanas captured by noose pole showed significantly higher lactate concentration and increased heartbeat rate immediately after capture. While the overall health evaluation determined that all analyzed individuals were in good health, based on our results we recommend that, when possible, hand capture should be preferred over noose pole when sampling wild individuals.

Giuliano Colosimo
Gwyneth Montemuro
Gregory A. Lewbart
Gabriele Gentile
Glenn Gerber


Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: From molecular basis to therapeutic advances

Abstract: Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (SCNECC) is an uncommon but aggressive uterine malignancy, the cause of which is generally associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. A lack of clinical trials and evidence-based treatment guidelines poses therapeutic challenges to this rare tumor. At present, published data remain limited to case series and case reports. While clinical management has traditionally followed those of small cell neuroendocrine (SCNE) lung cancer relying on surgery, chemoradiation, and systemic chemotherapy, the prognosis remains dismal. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as monoclonal antibodies that target programmed death-1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), atezolizumab and durvalumab have proven effective in extensive-stage SCNE lung cancer. Moreover, pembrolizumab has also proven beneficial effects when added onto chemotherapy in metastatic and recurrent HPV-associated non-SCNE cervical cancer. It holds promise to use ICIs in combination with chemoradiation to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with SCNECC. Future advances in our understanding of SCNECC biology – associated with the study of its genomic and molecular aberrations as well as knowledge from SCNE of lung and other extrapulmonary sites– would be helpful in discovering new molecular targets for drug development. Collaborative efforts and establishment of a SCNECC-specific biobank will be essential to achieve this goal.

Angel Chao
Ren-Chin Wu
Chiao-Yun Lin
Ting-Chang Chang
Chyong-Huey Lai


Racially Disparate Expression of mTOR/ERK-1/2 Allied Proteins in Cancer

Abstract: Recent studies revealed that ethnic differences in mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK-1/2) signaling pathways might be associated with the development and progression of different human malignancies. The African American (AA) population has an increased rate of cancer incidence and mortality compared to the Caucasian American (CA) population. Although the socioeconomic differences across different ethnic groups contribute to the disparity in developing different cancers, recent scientific evidence indicates the association of molecular and genetic variations in racial disparities of different human malignancies. The mTOR and ERK-1/2 signaling pathways are one of the well-known oncogenic signaling mechanisms that regulate diverse molecular and phenotypic aspects of normal as well as cancer cells in response to different external or internal stimuli. To date, very few studies have been carried out to explore the significance of racial disparity with abnormal mTOR and ERK-1/2 kinase signaling pathways, which may contribute to the development of aggressive human cancers. In this review, we discuss the differential regulation of mTOR and ERK-1/2 kinase signaling pathways across different ethnic groups, especially between AA and CA populations. Notably, we observed that key signaling proteins associated with mTOR and ERK-1/2 pathway including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Akt, and VEGFR showed racially disparate expression in cancer patients. Overall, this review article encompasses the significance of racially disparate signaling molecules related to mTOR/ERK1/2 and their potential in developing tailor-made anti-cancer therapies.

Sanjay Mishra
Manish Charan
Ajeet Kumar Verma
Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
Dinesh Kumar Ahirwar
Ramesh K. Ganju
Ramesh K. Ganju

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology


Trend of Complete Hydatidiform Mole

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:

Complete Hydatidiform mole is one of the most frequent abnormal pregnancies. This review studies the trend of complete mole in Paropakar Maternity and Women's hospital and clinical ability to detect it.

METHODS:

This is a retrospective study of 504 cases of complete hydatidiform mole recorded at Paropakar maternity and women's hospital, Kathmandu, during 2058-2065 B.S. Medical records were reviewed and incidence, clinical presentation and method of diagnosis were studied.

RESULTS:

During the study period, there were 13,9117 births and 504 complete moles, 12 partial moles, 48 persistent gestational tumours, six choriocarcinoma and four invasive moles recorded in the hospital. The incidence of complete mole was one per 276 births. It was prevalent among women younger than 29 years (80%) and among the primigravidae (36.7%). More than 90% women presented in the first half of their pregnancy and vaginal bleeding was the main complaint (68.3%). Suction evacuation, dilation and evacuation followed by sharp curettage and abdominal hysterectomy were performed in 80.6%, 17.6% and 1.2% of the women respectively. Persistent mole and choriocarcinoma developed in 9.5% and 0.4% respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Complete mole has the highest incidence. It affects mostly younger women and presents with vaginal bleeding most of the time, usually in the first half of their pregnancy.

Keywords: complete hydatidiform mole, gestational trophoblastic disease, persistent gestational tumours.


Patient perception of pain care in hospitals in the United States

Abstract: Anita Gupta1, Sarah Daigle2, Jeffrey Mojica3, Robert W Hurley41Pain Management Division, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 2Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, 3Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Division of Pain Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 4Medical Director of the Johns Hopkins Pain Treatment Center, Division of Pain Medicine, Deparment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAStudy objective: Assessment of patients&rsquo; perception of pain control in hospitals in the United States.Background: Limited data are available regarding the quality of pain care in the hospitalized patient. This is particularly valid for data that allow for comparison of pain outcomes from one hospital to another. Such data are critical for numerous reasons, including allowing patients and policy-makers to make data-driven decisions, and to guide hospitals in their efforts to improve pain care. The Hospital Quality Alliance was recently created by federal policy makers and private organizations in conjunction with the Centers for Medicare and Medicare Services to conduct patient surveys to evaluate their experience including pain control during their hospitalization.Methods: In March 2008, the results of the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey was released for review for health care providers and researchers. This survey includes a battery of questions for patients upon discharge from the hospital including pain-related questions and patient satisfaction that provide valuable data regarding pain care nationwide. This study will review the results from the pain questions from this available data set and evaluate the performance of these hospitals in pain care in relationship to patient satisfaction. Furthermore, this analysis will be providing valuable information on how hospital size, geographic location and practice setting may play a role in pain care in US hospitals.Results: The data indicates that 63% of patients gave a high rating of global satisfaction for their care, and that an additional 26% of patients felt that they had a moderate level of global satisfaction with the global quality of their care. When correlated to satisfaction with pain control, the relationship with global satisfaction and &ldquo;always&rdquo; receiving good pain control was highly correlated (r &gt; 0.84). In respect to the other HCAHPS components, we found that the patient and health care staff relationship with the patient is also highly correlated with pain relief (r &gt; 0.85). The patients&rsquo; reported level of pain relief was significantly different based upon hospital ownership, with government owned hospitals receiving the highest pain relief, followed by nonprofit hospitals, and lastly proprietary hospitals. Hospital care acuity also had an impact on the patient&rsquo;s perception of their pain care; patients cared for in acute care hospitals had lower levels of satisfaction than critical access hospitals.Conclusions: The results of this study are a representation of the experiences of patients in US hospitals with regard to pain care specifically and the need for improved methods of treating and evaluating pain care. This study provides the evidence needed for hospitals to make pain care a priority in to achieve patient satisfaction throughout the duration of their hospitalization. Furthermore, future research should be developed to make strategies for institutions and policy-makers to improve and optimize patient satisfaction with pain care.Keywords: pain care, HCAHPS, hospitals

Anita Gupta
Sarah Daigle
Jeffrey Mojica
et al


Research on Phosphatases of Belladona Leaves and Their Purification (Part 1)

Abstract: Belladona leaves as well as all other studied leaves contains two distinct phosphatase fractions belonging respectively to types II and IIIi the major parts of these enzymes is extraetible by water. It was not possible to extract the non soluble fraction which is solidly retained by the cellular constituents. Phosphatase II does not differ from other phosphatnses of the same type. Whereas phosphatase III is distinetely different from enzymes of the same type of vegetal or animal origins. It is activated by bivalent metallic ions which are specific activators of the alkaline phcspbatnses: Mg-Zn-Ni and Co.


惠州汉族女性亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶和甲硫氨酸合成还原酶的基因多态性分布

Abstract: 【目的】 研究广东省惠州市汉族女性亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)C677T?A1298C及甲硫氨酸合成还原酶(MTRR)A66G基因多态性的分布特征?【方法】 采用横断面调查研究方法,以惠州市359例汉族女性为对象,采集口腔黏膜上皮细胞,提取基因组DNA,采用Taqman-MGB技术,进行MTHFR和MTRR基因多态性检测?统计分析基因多态性的分布特征,并与已报道的其他地区的数据进行比较?【结果】 惠州市汉族女性的MTHFR 677TT纯合突变基因型频率为10.9%,高于四川德阳的8.6%,低于山东潍坊的41.8%和河南郑州的34.5%(P < 0.05);MTHFR 1298CC纯合突变基因型频率为7.2%,高于潍坊的1.2%和郑州的2.7%(P < 0.05);MTRR 66GG纯合突变基因型频率为5.6%,低于海南地区的9.1%(P < 0.05)?【结论】 惠州市汉族女性有不同于其他地区的MTHFR和MTRR基因多态性分布特征?

Editorial Office of Journal of Sun Yat-sen University


Evolución histórica del tratamiento en dientes permanentes inmaduros necróticos

Abstract: El tratamiento de dientes permanentes inmaduros necróticos constituye un desafío en la odontopediatría, y son múltiples las opciones terapéuticas propuestas para solucionar esta problemática. A tales efectos se realizó el presente estudio con el objetivo de exponer la evolución histórica de dicho tratamiento, para lo cual se efectuó una exhaustiva búsqueda bibliográfica. Se tomó como método general de la investigación el dialéctico-materialista y, de manera particular, los métodos de revisión documental histórico-lógico, de análisis-síntesis e inductivo-deductivo. A partir de determinados hitos históricos se establecieron 3 etapas, cada una de ellas con sus aportes y limitaciones; asimismo, se identificaron las regularidades y tendencias, así como los fundamentos que sustentan la necesidad de continuar investigando sobre nuevos enfoques terapéuticos.

Elizabeth Santiago Dager
Cecilia Venzant Fontaine
Bárbara Olaydis Hechavarría Martínez
Niurka Odalmis La O Salas

Centro Provincial de Información de Ciencias Médicas


Complicações agudas da diabetes Mellitus

Abstract:
  Introdução: As complicações agudas da diabetes (hipoglicemia, cetoacidose diabética, síndrome hiperglicémico hiperosmolar e lactoacidose) são causa de recorrência à urgência e internamento e estão associadas, na maioria dos casos, a intercorrências médicas e/ou falhas terapêuticas. São preveníveis pela educação terapêutica continuada da pessoa com diabetes e seus cuidadores, mas mantêm-se um problema actual, sobretudo nas crises de hiperglicemia com vómitos e desidratação, pela sua elevada incidência e mortalidade. O Médico de Família deve estar preparado para efectuar o diagnóstico e o tratamento atempados e contactar, o mais breve possível, para eventual referenciação, a equipa dos cuidados secundários, assim que suspeitar de qualquer uma das situações.
  Objectivos: Rever a patofisiologia, prevenção e tratamento das complicações agudas da diabetes mellitus, de forma a fornecer uma base para a construção de orientações técnicas a utilizar na prática da Medicina Geral e Familiar.
  Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa em bases de dados electrónicas («Pubmed, Cochrane database of systematic reviews e Medline), complementada com pesquisa manual em livros de texto. Os limites temporal (últimos cinco anos) e de idioma (idiomas que os autores dominam) resultaram na leitura de 18 artigos e posteriormente em mais seis, a partir de referências dos primeiros.

Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar

Associação Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar


Mannosylated biodegradable polyethyleneimine for targeted DNA delivery to dendritic cells

Abstract: Xun Sun, Simu Chen, Jianfeng Han, Zhirong ZhangKey Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People&rsquo;s Republic of ChinaBackground: To establish a potential gene-delivery system with the ability to deliver plasmid DNA to dendritic cells (DCs) more efficiently and specifically, we designed and synthesized a low-molecular-weight polyethyleneimine and triethyleneglycol polymer (PEI&ndash;TEG) and a series of its mannosylated derivatives.Methods: PEI&ndash;TEG was synthesized from PEI2000 and PEI600 with TEG as the cross-linker. PEI&ndash;TEG was then linked to mannose via a phenylisothiocyanate bridge to obtain man-PEI&ndash;TEG conjugates. The DNA conveyance abilities of PEI&ndash;TEG, man-PEI&ndash;TEG, as well as control PEI25k were evaluated by measuring their zeta potential, particle size, and DNA-binding abilities. The in vitro cytotoxicity, cell uptake, and transfection efficiency of these PEI/DNA complexes were examined on the DC2.4 cell line. Finally, a maturation experiment evaluated the effect of costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86 on murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) using flow cytometry.Results: PEI&ndash;TEG and man-PEI&ndash;TEG were successfully synthesized and were shown to retain the excellent properties of PEI25k for condensing DNA. Compared with PEI&ndash;TEG as well as PEI25k, the man-PEI&ndash;TEG had less cytotoxicity and performed better in both cellular uptake and transfection assays in vitro. The results of the maturation experiment showed that all the PEI/DNA complexes induced an adequate upregulation of surface markers for DC maturation.Conclusion: These results demonstrated that man-PEI&ndash;TEG can be employed as a DC-targeting gene-delivery system.Keywords: dendritic cells, DCs, mannose, polyethyleneimine, PEI, gene delivery


Clinical and Radiologic Results of Endovascular Coil Embolization for Cerebral Aneurysm in Young Patients

Abstract: PurposeThis study is an overview of the clinical and radiologic outcomes of endovascular coil embolization for cerebral aneurysm in patients aged 40 years and younger.Materials and MethodsBetween January 2008 and June 2011, 218 aneurysms were treated using endovascular coil embolization and followed up with cerebral angiography at least six months later. Twenty-one aneurysms occurred in patients aged 40 years and younger, while 197 occurred in 179 patients older than 40 years. The clinical and radiologic results were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups using the modified Rankin scale scores and the modified Raymond scale.ResultsFollow-up cerebral angiography revealed two (9.5%) major and two (9.5%) minor recanalized aneurysms in patients aged 40 years and younger, and six (3.0%) major and 35 (17.7%) minor recanalized aneurysms in patients older than 40 years. However, the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. The preoperative and postoperative mean modified Rankin scale scores at time for follow-up angiography were 1.14 and 0.19 respectively for patients aged 40 years and younger, and 1.30 and 0.30 respectively for patients older than 40 years.ConclusionThe younger patients had clinically favorable outcomes with tolerable angiographic follow-up results. More regular and long-term imaging follow-up is required for younger patients due to their longer life expectancy.

Hyun Seok Park
Soon Chan Kwon
Shang Hoon Shin
Eun Suk Park
Hong Bo Sim
In Uk Lyo

Korean Society of Interventional Neuroradiology

Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry


Telehealth for Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare: Evidence Map of Effectiveness, Patient and Provider Experiences and Preferences, and Patient Engagement Strategies

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically map evidence to inform best practices for sexual and reproductive healthcare delivered via telehealth (TeleSRH) in United States-based Title X-funded clinics. Methods: We searched three databases (2017–2025) for studies evaluating effectiveness, harms, patient and provider experiences, barriers/facilitators, and engagement strategies encompassing TeleSRH for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), contraceptive care/family planning (CC/FP), and sexual wellness, in countries with a human development index of ≥0.8. Results: From 5963 references and 436 articles, we included 142 eligible publications. TeleSRH use declined since the COVID-19 pandemic’s peak but remains higher than pre-pandemic. Evidence comes mostly from poor-quality studies. TeleSRH increases access and adherence to STI prevention (e.g., pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV). Tele-follow-up may safely facilitate HIV care continuity. For CC/FP, TeleSRH is comparable to in-person care for patient satisfaction and uptake; patients are less likely to select long-acting reversible contraception but post-initiation tele-follow-up may increase its continuation rates. Vasectomy completion rates may be similar between pre-procedural counseling via telehealth versus in-person. TeleSRH’s potential benefits might include reduced travel time, wait times, no-show rates, and clinic human resource burden (via tele-triaging) and increased preventative screening rates for STIs and non-communicable diseases, prescription refill rates, ability to receive confidential care in preferred settings, and rural/marginalized community outreach. Implementation challenges span technological and capital constraints, provider availability, staff capability building, restrictive policies, language incompatibility, and patient mistrust. Supplementing synchronous TeleSRH with asynchronous communication (e.g., mobile application) may improve continued patient engagement. Conclusions: Preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic TeleSRH can be effective, with high patient acceptability; however, effectiveness and adoption hinge on contextual factors outlined in this review.

Romil R. Parikh
Nishka U. Shetty
Chinar Singhal
Prachi Patel
Priyanka Manghani
Ashwin A. Pillai
Luz Angela Chocontá-Piraquive
Mary E. Butler


Internación prolongada en un servicio de clínica Médica

Abstract: Evaluamos pacientes para identifica factores determinantes de estadía hospitalaria  prolongada y complicaciones de la misma. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio  retrospectivo descriptivo. Los datos se procesaron utilizando Chi , Test de Fisher y Test T  según variables. Definimos internación prolongada (IP) estadía hospitalaria igual o mayor a  10 días. RESULTADOS: se analizaron 322 pacientes. Cincuenta (15.5%) presentaron IP y  272 (84.5%) estadía < 10 días. El promedio de edad fue 63.8 para <10 días y 66 para IPresentaron coinorbiliclacles 87% en < 10 chas y 86% IP Los diagnósticos de ingreso más  frecuentes en < 10 días fueron patología respiratoria (25%), incluyendo eumonía (10%), infección urinaria e insuficiencia cardíaca; y en IP neumonía (20%) y patología neurológica  aguda (18%) El 46% de IP requirió cirugía vs 20.6% (p<O.OI ). La IP requirió  alimentación enteral 26% vs 12.5% (p <0.02) El promedio de cantidad máxima de fármacos/día en la internación fue: 5.8 en < 10 días y 8.76 en IP (p<O.Ol). Las complicaciones nosocomiales en IP fueron 28% vs 11% (p<0.01). principalmente  neumonía intrahospitalaria (p<O.Ol) e infección endovascular (p<0.01).La estadía en  terapia Intensiva (UTI) fue 54% en IP VS 19% (p<0.01). y el promedio de días en UTI fue  de 8 en IP vs 3 (p<O.Ol). No hubo diferencias en la mortalidad CONCLUSIONES: el  motivo de ingreso y estadía en UTI fueron las causas principales de IP, no así la edad y comorbilidades estudiadas. El paciente con IP demanda mayor complejidad, costos y  presenta más complicaciones nosocoiniales.

Soledad Molnar
Gerardo A Belleti
Marcelo A Yorio

Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba


Mini-AFTERc: a controlled pilot trial of a nurse-led psychological intervention for fear of breast cancer recurrence

Abstract: Abstract Objectives To determine the feasibility and acceptability of implementing the Mini-AFTERc intervention. Design Non-randomised cluster-controlled pilot trial. Setting Four NHS out-patient breast cancer centres in Scotland. Participants Ninety-two women who had successfully completed primary treatment for breast cancer were screened for moderate levels of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Forty-five were eligible (17 intervention and 28 control) and 34 completed 3-month follow-up (15 intervention and 21 control). Intervention Mini-AFTERc, a single brief (30 min) structured telephone discussion with a specialist breast cancer nurse (SBCN) trained to target the antecedents of FCR. Outcomes Feasibility and acceptability of Mini-AFTERc and the study design were assessed via recruitment, consent, retention rates, patient outcomes (measured at baseline, 2, 4, and 12 weeks), and post-study interviews with participants and SBCNs, which were guided by Normalisation Process Theory. Results Mini-AFTERc was acceptable to patients and SBCNs. SBCNs believe the implementation of Mini-AFTERc to be feasible and an extension of discussions that already happen routinely. SBCNs believe delivery, however, at the scale required would be challenging given current competing demands for their time. Recruitment was impacted by variability in the follow-up practices of cancer centres and COVID-19 lockdown. Consent and follow-up procedures worked well, and retention rates were high. Conclusions The study provided invaluable information about the potential challenges and solutions for testing the Mini-AFTERc intervention more widely where limiting high FCR levels is an important goal following recovery from primary breast cancer treatment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT0376382 . Registered on 4 December 2018.

Calum McHale
Susanne Cruickshank
Tamara Brown
Claire Torrens
Jo Armes
Deborah Fenlon
Elspeth Banks
Tom Kelsey
Gerald Humphris


Uso no medicado de modafinilo en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad de la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia

Abstract:
Introducción: Modafinilo es un fármaco aprobado para la somnolencia excesiva asociada con narcolepsia, trastorno del trabajo por turnos y apnea obstructiva del sueño; sin embargo, es consumido también por personas sanas en diferentes ámbitos sociales, siendo los estudiantes universitarios una de las poblaciones más propensas al uso no medicado de este fármaco.

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia y patrones de uso, conocimientos, precepciones y efectos indeseados de este en estudiantes de un programa de medicina de una universidad de la ciudad de Cartagena - Colombia.

Métodos. Estudio de prevalencia sobre una muestra de 269 estudiantes de un programa de medicina. Se diseñó, validó, aplicó un instrumento para caracterizar el uso no medicado de modafinilo en esta población y se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo. La comparación de grupos fue realizada usando la prueba de chi al cuadrado con un nivel de significación de 0,05.

Resultados. El 6,7% (n=18; IC95%: 3,7 – 9,7) de los sujetos han consumido modafinilo sin prescripción médica, presentándose en gran parte de los casos algún efecto indeseado. El inicio de uso se dio mayormente en el tercer semestre académico de la carrera, en época de exámenes, buscando aumentar la capacidad intelectual y/o mante- nerse despierto. Existe poco conocimiento sobre el uso médico del fármaco.

Conclusión. La prevalencia de uso no medicado de modafinilo en los estudiantes de medicina de esta institución fue baja, coherente con otros estudios sobre poblaciones similares.

CARLOS ALBERTO TORRES MADRID
Laura Vanessa Urrutia Alvarez


Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cardiovascular Risk: Retrospective Matched-Cohort Analysis Based on the RECORD Study of the Italian Society for Rheumatology

Abstract: Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increase in cardiovascular (CV) risk. This issue maybe not only explained by a genetic component, as well as by the traditional CV risk factors, but also by an underestimation and undertreatment of concomitant CV comorbidities.Method: This was a retrospective matched-cohort analysis in the Italian RA real-world population based on the healthcare-administrative databases to assess the CV risk factors and incidence of CV events in comparison with the general population. Persistence and adherence to the CV therapy were also evaluated in both groups.Results: In a RA cohort (N = 21,201), there was a greater prevalence of hypertension and diabetes with respect to the non-RA subjects (N = 249,156) (36.9 vs. 33.4% and 10.2 vs. 9.6%, respectively), while dyslipidemia was more frequent in the non-RA group (15.4 vs. 16.5%). Compared with a non-RA cohort, the patients with RA had a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation (incidence rate ratio, IRR 1.28), heart failure (IRR 1.53), stroke (IRR 1.19), and myocardial infarction (IRR 1.48). The patients with RA presented a significantly lower persistence rate to glucose-lowering and lipid-lowering therapies than the controls (odds ratio, OR 0.73 [95% CI 0.6–0.8] and OR 0.82 [0.8–0.9], respectively). The difference in the adherence to glucose-lowering therapy was significant (OR 0.7 [0.6–0.8]), conversely no statistically significant differences emerged regarding the adherence to lipid-lowering therapy (OR 0.89 [95% CI 0.8–1.0]) and anti-hypertensive therapy (OR 0.96 [95% CI 0.9–1.0]).Conclusion: The patients with RA have a higher risk of developing CV events compared with the general population, partially explained by the excess and undertreatment of CV risk factors.

Lisa Argnani
Anna Zanetti
Anna Zanetti
Greta Carrara
Ettore Silvagni
Giulio Guerrini
Giulio Guerrini
Antonella Zambon
Carlo Alberto Scirè
Carlo Alberto Scirè


Factores asociados a la calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer en una unidad de terapia del dolor de la seguridad social

Abstract: Introducción: La calidad de vida es una de las principales preocupaciones de los pacientes con cáncer en cuidados paliativos, sin embargo, los estudios sobre la calidad de vida en estos pacientes son limitados. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a la calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad oncológica en cuidados paliativos. Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico en 184 pacientes oncológicos atendidos en una Unidad de Dolor y Cuidados Paliativos durante el 2021. La variable dependiente fue la calidad de vida; las independientes la edad, sexo, nivel de instrucción, ocupación, diagnóstico oncológico, tiempo y estadio de enfermedad. Se calculó la razón de prevalencias cruda (RP) y ajustada (RPa) con nivel de confianza de 95%. Resultados: La edad mediana fue 63 años, y el 66,3% fueron del sexo femenino. Los factores asociados a la calidad de vida fueron cáncer de mama (RPa=1,21; IC95%: 1,07-1,36; p!<0,010), de próstata (RPa=1,36; IC95%: 1,18-1,56; p!<0,010) o mieloma múltiple (RPa=1,33; IC95%: 1,15-1,53; p!<0,010), en comparación a otros cánceres como linfoma de Hodgkin, cáncer de estómago, renal o de páncreas; el tiempo de enfermedad mayor a 36 meses (RPa=1,13; IC95%: 1,01-1,27; p=0,040) y el estadio III (RPa=1,30; IC95%: 1,19-1,42; p!<0,010) también se asociaron a la calidad de vida. Conclusiones: Los factores asociados a la calidad de vida fueron tener cáncer de mama, de próstata o mieloma múltiple, en comparación con tener otro tipo de cáncer; además de un tiempo de enfermedad mayor a 36 meses y el estadio III frente al estudio I/II.

Gloria Pacheco-Feijoó
Luis Podestá-Gavilano
Katherin Quevedo-Porras
José Amado-Tineo

Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana


Gender Differences in the Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Among Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract: Hua Yang,1,* Jian Gao,2,* Shuyu Li,1 Huiling Xia,1 Zhangyan Chen,1 Shanzhu Zhu,1 Zhigang Pan1 1Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nutrition, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shanzhu Zhu; Zhigang PanDepartment of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 180, Road Fenglin, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13501770447; +86 13681971967Email shanzhu_zhu@163.com; zhigang_pan@163.comBackground and Objectives: Serum uric acid (sUA) level has been reported to be associated with arteriosclerotic cardiovascular risk, yet remains poorly defined in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate gender differences in the association between sUA level and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular risk in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in six community health service centers in Shanghai, China from December 2014 to December 2016. A stratified random sampling method was used to recruit participants. From a total of 3977 type 2 diabetic patients, 2537 were included for the analysis of the association between sUA level and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular risk. Clinical and biochemical data were obtained from participants. Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular risk was evaluated by the ten-year risk profile for arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The associations between sUA level and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular risk were assessed via multiple logistic regression.Results: Of the 2537 participants, the average sUA level was 317± 77umol/L in men and 294± 73 umol/L in women, and 54.8% (1391/2537) of participants had high ten-year risk of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which was ≥ 20%. High ten-year risk of ASCVD odds ratio was increased by 1.596 (95% CI, 1.113– 2.289, p for trend 0.004) comparing fourth to first quartiles of sUA in women. However, no significant association was found between sUA and high ten-year risk of ASCVD in men.Conclusion: This community-based study indicated that sUA levels were independently associated with high ten-year risk of ASCVD in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but not in men.Keywords: serum uric acid, ten-year risk, arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Yang H
Gao J
Li S
Xia H
Chen Z
Zhu S
Pan Z

International Journal of General Medicine


La simvastatina disminuye la morbimortalidad cardiovascular independientemente del nivel de colesterol

Evidencia. Actualización en la Práctica Ambulatoria


Chemical profound dermabrasion with trichloroacetic acid at 40 per cent in patients with scars caused by acne.

Abstract:
Background: acne is a common disease in adolescents in our milieu. It causes unsightly scares in the face and affects emotional balance. We use profound dermabrasion in its treatment.
Objective: To assess therapeutic and aesthetic results of the use of trichloroacetic acid at 40 per cent in only one session in patients with acne scars.
Methods: Descriptive study of case series that included 30 patients with scars caused by acne. This study was developed from January 2005 to January 2006 in Cienfuegos hospital “Gustavo Aldereguía Lima”. The following variables were analyzed: Age, gender, complications and aesthetic results.
Results: Most of the patients had between 20 and 29 years. There was a prevalence of females representing the 60 per cent of the sample. Only 4 patients had complications, reversible with medical treatment.
Conclusions: chemical profound dermabrasion efficacy was proved, using trichloroacetic acid at 40 per cent in patients with facial scares resulting from acne. There were minimal complications, all of them reversible with medical treatment.

Heriberto Chávez Sánchez
Zoraya Izaquirre
Liliana Espinosa Chang

Centro Provincial de Información de Ciencias Médicas. Cienfuegos

Medicine (General)
Public aspects of medicine


Bozyaka Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi sağlık çalışanlarına hasta ve hasta yakınları tarafından uygulanan şiddetin değerlendirilmesi

Abstract: Amaç: Hastanemiz sağlık çalışanlarının hasta ve hasta yakınları tarafından şiddete maruz kalma durumlarını incelemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve yöntem: Hastanemizde çalışan 300 sağlık çalışanına, kişisel bilgileri içeren 5 soru ve işyerinde şiddet bilgilerine ait 16 sorudan oluşan anket formu çalışanların çalışma ortam ve saatlerinde ziyaret edilerek, gönüllülük esasına göre doldurtulmuştur. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan sağlık çalışanlarının %74’ü çalıştıkları bölümde daha önce şiddete maruz kaldığı, son 1 yılda şiddete maruz kalma oranının ise %73 olduğu, acil servis çalışanlarının %94.4’ünün son 1 yılda şiddete uğradığı, şiddetin %69.7’sinin sözel şiddet şeklinde olduğu ve acil servislerde daha çok gerçekleştiği, şiddetin %53.2 oranında 16:00-24:00 saatleri arasında gerçekleştiği, şiddet esnasında %95.6 oranında herhangi bir cisim kullanılmadığı, şiddet sonrası sağlık çalışanların %95.9’unun yara almadığı, %41.0’ının güvenlik görevlisi çağırma şeklinde tepki verdiği, %68’inin mesleki performans kaybı yaşadığı, %85.6’sının şiddeti adli birimlere bildirmediği ve %67.9’unun gerekçe olarak adli yargılama sürecinin uzun olmasını gösterdiği belirlendi. Sonuç: Toplumda giderek yaygınlaşan şiddet sağlık sektörünü de ciddi şekilde etkilemiştir. Sağlık işyerinde şiddeti engellemek için gerekli yasal, idari, toplumsal önlemlerin alınması ve toplumsal farkındalık yaratılması gerekmektedir

İsmet Parlak
Vermi Değerli
Rıfat Kılıçaslan
Yasin Demir
Serhat Akay
Sadiye Yolcu
Tuğba Çiçek Durak


THE EFFECT OF PAMIDRONATE ON BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN PRIMARY OSTEOPOROSIS IN PAKISTANI POPULATION

Abstract:
Objective: To study the protective effect of Bisphosphonates (Pamidronate) in patients of primary osteoporosis in Pakistani setup.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at department of orthopedic and spine surgery, CMH Rawalpindi, from Sep 2011 to Sep 2013.
Material and Methods: A non probability convenience sample was collected from 50 patients who visited orthopaedics department with complaints of generalized aches and pains and diagnosed to have primary osteoprosis. Osteoporosis was confirmed by DEXA scan, with a T-score of more than -2.5. Pamidronate-a bisphosphonate, was given I/V on monthly basis along with oral calcium. After 6 month and one year DEXA scan was repeated to observe its effect on bone mineral density
Results: Osteoporosis T score of DEXA scan was seen to improve by 19.3% (0.193 T score improvement) with a p-value less than 0.05.
Conclusion: Pamidronate treatment increased bone mineral density in osteoprotic patients.

Waseem Afzal
Saima Manzoor
Khadija Mehboob


Protocol to evaluate sequential electronic health record-based strategies to increase genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer risk across diverse patient populations in gynecology practices

Abstract: Abstract Background Germline genetic testing is recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) for individuals including, but not limited to, those with a personal history of ovarian cancer, young-onset (< 50 years) breast cancer, and a family history of ovarian cancer or male breast cancer. Genetic testing is underused overall, and rates are consistently lower among Black and Hispanic populations. Behavioral economics-informed implementation strategies, or nudges, directed towards patients and clinicians may increase the use of this evidence-based clinical practice. Methods Patients meeting eligibility for germline genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer will be identified using electronic phenotyping algorithms. A pragmatic cohort study will test three sequential strategies to promote genetic testing, two directed at patients and one directed at clinicians, deployed in the electronic health record (EHR) for patients in OB-GYN clinics across a diverse academic medical center. We will use rapid cycle approaches informed by relevant clinician and patient experiences, health equity, and behavioral economics to optimize and de-risk our strategies and methods before trial initiation. Step 1 will send patients messages through the health system patient portal. For non-responders, step 2 will reach out to patients via text message. For non-responders, Step 3 will contact patients’ clinicians using a novel “pend and send” tool in the EHR. The primary implementation outcome is engagement with germline genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer predisposition, defined as a scheduled genetic counseling appointment. Patient data collected through the EHR (e.g., race/ethnicity, geocoded address) will be examined as moderators of the impact of the strategies. Discussion This study will be one of the first to sequentially examine the effects of patient- and clinician-directed strategies informed by behavioral economics on engagement with breast and ovarian cancer genetic testing. The pragmatic and sequential design will facilitate a large and diverse patient sample, allow for the assessment of incremental gains from different implementation strategies, and permit the assessment of moderators of strategy effectiveness. The findings may help determine the impact of low-cost, highly transportable implementation strategies that can be integrated into healthcare systems to improve the use of genomic medicine. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT05721326. Registered February 10, 2023. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05721326

Heather Symecko
Robert Schnoll
Rinad S. Beidas
Justin E. Bekelman
Daniel Blumenthal
Anna-Marika Bauer
Peter Gabriel
Leland Boisseau
Abigail Doucette
Jacquelyn Powers
Jacqueline Cappadocia
Danielle B. McKenna
Robert Richardville
Lauren Cuff
Ryan Offer
Elizabeth G. Clement
Alison M. Buttenheim
David A. Asch
Katharine A. Rendle
Rachel C. Shelton
Oluwadamilola M. Fayanju
E. Paul Wileyto
Martina Plag
Sue Ware
Lawrence N. Shulman
Katherine L. Nathanson
Susan M. Domchek