Investigating Professional Development Policy and Practice for Educational Policy-Makers in Vietnam: An Exploratory Study

Abstract: There has been a large number of studies concerning professional development at the micro level. However, little research has been particularly conducted to investigate professional development at the macro level. This study aims to explore professional development policy and practice in a Vietnamese government department. Using a qualitative with two focus group discussions including 11 participants and semi-structured interviews with 14 people, the study investigates professional development for state policy-makers in testing and quality assurance in Vietnam. Results show that these government officials themselves actively looked for professional development programmes together with receiving support from their organisational leaders. The research findings also reveal that top-down and bottom-up professional development mechanisms are being implemented. However, professional development policy has not been documented in this government agency. It is suggested that professional development policy aligned with best practices should be discussed, developed and evaluated by agency members and soon approved by the agency’s leader.


Importance of background threshold value development within risk‐based corrective action programs

Abstract: Abstract Risk‐based corrective action (RBCA) programs employ conservative models to develop default values for soil screening, which simplify the risk assessment process. However, for several naturally occurring metals (e.g., arsenic and lead), these published screening values are often unrealistic and well below the documented background levels in soil. This can lead to confusion among the regulated community and inexperienced regulators, as it will inappropriately identify naturally occurring conditions as a release (false positive or Type I error). An effective RBCA program requires the incorporation of defensible background threshold values (BTVs) in the screening process. Recent datasets and BTV development methods are available to enhance existing RBCA programs and reduce the occurrence of Type I errors. This review evaluated the role “background” currently plays in the Texas Risk Reduction Program (TRRP) and offers defensible approaches in minimizing Type I errors estimated by one Texas municipality to directly result in an unnecessary expenditure of over $250,000 annually to address this confusion in the form of additional assessment, remediation, soil management, and even disposal requirements. The same BTV development process demonstrated in this Texas case study can also inform risk assessment efforts in other areas where BTVs can supplement existing RBCA programs.

Kenneth S. Tramm
Jason T. Minter
Catherine A. Seaton


ITRI Biofilm Prevented Thoracic Adhesion in Pigs That Received Myocardial Ischemic Induction Treated by Myocardial Implantation of EPCs and ECSW Treatment

Abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that ITRI Biofilm prevents adhesion of the chest cavity. Combined extracorporeal shock wave (ECSW) + bone marrow-derived autologous endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) therapy was superior to monotherapy for improving heart function (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF]) in minipigs with ischemic cardiomyopathy (IC) induced by an ameroid constrictor applied to the mid-left anterior descending artery. The minipigs ( n = 30) were equally designed into group 1 (sham-operated control), group 2 (IC), group 3 (IC + EPCs/by directly implanted into the left ventricular [LV] myocardium; 3 [+]/3[–] ITRI Biofilm), group 4 (IC + ECSW; 3 [+]/[3] – ITRI Biofilm), and group 5 (IC + EPCs–ECSW; 3 [+]/[3] – ITRI Biofilm). EPC/ECSW therapy was administered by day 90, and the animals were euthanized, followed by heart harvesting by day 180. In vitro studies demonstrated that cell viability/angiogenesis/cell migratory abilities/mitochondrial concentrations were upregulated in EPCs treated with ECSW compared with those in EPCs only (all P s < 0.001). The LVEF was highest in group 1/lowest in group 2/significantly higher in group 5 than in groups 3/4 (all P s < 0.0001) by day 180, but there was no difference in groups 3/4. The adhesion score was remarkably lower in patients who received ITRI Biofilm treatment than in those who did not (all P s <0.01). The protein expressions of oxidative stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/oxidized protein)/apoptotic (mitochondrial-Bax/caspase3/PARP)/fibrotic (TGF-β/Smad3)/DNA/mitochondria-damaged (γ-H2AX/cytosolic-cytochrome-C/p-DRP1), and heart failure/pressure-overload (BNP [brain natriuretic peptide]/β-MHC [beta myosin heavy chain]) biomarkers displayed a contradictory manner of LVEF among the groups (all P s < 0.0001). The protein expression of endothelial biomarkers (CD31/vWF)/small-vessel density revealed a similar LVEF within the groups (all P s < 0.0001). ITRI Biofilm treatment prevented chest cavity adhesion and was superior in restoring IC-related LV dysfunction when combined with EPC/ECSW therapy compared with EPC/ECSW therapy alone.

Jiunn-Jye Sheu
Jui-Ning Yeh
Pei-Hsun Sung
John Y. Chiang
Yi-Ling Chen
Yi-Ting Wang
Hon-Kan Yip
Jun Guo


Impact of Urbanization on Cloud Characteristics over Sofia, Bulgaria

Abstract: Urban artificial surfaces and structures induce modifications in land–atmosphere interactions, affecting the exchange of energy, momentum, and substances. These modifications stimulate urban climate formation by altering the values and dynamics of atmospheric parameters, including cloud-related features. This study evaluates the presence and quantifies the extent of such changes over Sofia, Bulgaria. The findings reveal that estimations of low-level cloud base height (CBH) derived from lifting condensation level (LCL) calculations may produce unexpected outcomes due to microclimate influence. Ceilometer data indicate that the CBH of low-level clouds over urban areas exceeds that of surrounding regions by approximately 200 m during warm months and afternoon hours. Moreover, urban clouds exhibit reduced persistence relative to rural counterparts, particularly pronounced in May, June, and July afternoons. Reanalysis-derived low-level cloud cover (LCC) shows no significant disparities between urban and rural areas, although increased LCC is observed above the western and northern city boundaries. Satellite-derived cloud products reveal that the optically thinnest low-level clouds over urban areas exhibit slightly higher cloud tops, but the optically thickest clouds are more prevalent during warm months. These findings suggest an influence of urbanization on cloudiness, albeit nuanced and potentially influenced by the city size and surrounding physical and geographical features.


Seroprevalence of dengue, yellow fever, and related flaviviruses among the rural human population in Nguruman and Kerio Valley, Kenya

Abstract: BackgroundYellow fever virus (YFV) and dengue virus (DENV) are among the major re-emerging arboviruses that pose a significant threat to public health. Their associated burden and prevalence can be substantially underestimated due to insufficient surveillance and inadequate diagnosis. This study aimed to determine evidence of dengue, yellow and related flaviviruses circulation among the rural human populations residing in Nguruman (Kajiado County) and Kerio Valley (Baringo County), two dryland ecosystems in the Kenyan Rift Valley.MethodsSerum samples obtained from febrile patients between 5 and 85 years through a hospital-based cross-sectional survey from July 2020 – May 2023, were screened for neutralizing antibodies to YFV, DENV-2 and related flaviviruses, West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) via Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The study sites and important demographic characteristics were obtained using a structural questionnaire and the data analyzed and seroprevalence compared. A multinomial logistic regression model was done to predict risk for each of the most prevalent viruses with covariates; age, gender, and occupation.ResultsOverall, 54.5% (50.1–59.0% 95% confidence interval (CI) of the samples tested positive for at least one of the four Flaviviruses. The percentage was significantly higher in Kerio Valley (64.34%, 184/286) than in Nguruman (40.2%, 78/194) (P<0.0001). YFV had the highest prevalence, followed by WNV (16.25%), ZIKV (5.2%), and DENV-2 (1%). Kerio Valley had a significantly higher YFV seroprevalence (51%) than Nguruman (6%) (P<0.0001), while DENV-2 was observed only in Nguruman with a low seropositivity of 2%. In contrast to Nguruman, where seropositivity rates were higher in males at 47.47% (P=0.049), in Kerio Valley, females showed considerably higher viral seropositivity at 60.82% than males (P<0001).ConclusionThe study suggests that there is significant circulation of Flaviviruses in both regions, posing a public health risk, that could potentially contribute to clinical disease. However, seropositivity rates vary for each specific site. Furthermore, there could be a risk of YFV, WNV, and ZIKV transmission in both sites with DENV transmission specifically noted in Nguruman. The study findings inform direct cost-effective actions (such as YF vaccines) and precise surveillance data of vector populations for improved disease risk prediction.

Mercy Hokah Kibathi
Mercy Hokah Kibathi
Edith Chepkorir
Sepha Nyatichi Mabeya
David P. Tchouassi
Rosemary Sang


Ultrasound Utility in the Management of Morphea: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract:
Introduction:
Morphea, an autoimmune progressive disorder, can significantly impact patient well-being, yet therapeutic options, though expanding, exhibit limited efficacy. A persistent challenge in disease management revolves around monitoring disease activity and gauging treatment effectiveness. To address this, various clinical assessment tools have been devised, each with its inherent limitations. The realm of imaging in morphea has undergone noteworthy expansion, with ultrasonography (US) emerging as an efficacious and cost-effective avenue for quantifying disease activity and evaluating therapeutic outcomes. However, the evidential support for its application remains equivocal. Our aim was to explore and analyze the existing evidence concerning the utility of ultrasound in the management of morphea.
Materials and Methods:
We conducted a comprehensive literature review using PubMed Medline to assess evidence concerning US utility in morphea management.
Results:
Sixteen total studies were included in our review.
Discussion:
Although the studies presented carry their own limitations, cumulative findings indicate the potential of ultrasound, particularly when coupled with Doppler, in facilitating staging, assessing disease activity, and longitudinal assessment of therapeutic efficacy in patients with morphea.


Immunoediting in acute myeloid leukemia: Reappraising T cell exhaustion and the aberrant antigen processing machinery in leukemogenesis

Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) establishes an immunosuppressive microenvironment that favors leukemic proliferation. The immune-suppressive cytokines altered antigen processing, and presentation collectively assist AML cells in escaping cytotoxic T-cell surveillance. These CD8+ T cell dysfunction features are emerging therapeutic targets in relapsed/refractory AML patients. Besides, CD8+ T cell exhaustion is a hotspot in recent clinical oncology studies, but its pathophysiology has yet to be elucidated in AML. In this review, we summarize high-quality original studies encompassing the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of T cell exhaustion events in the leukemia progression, emphasize the surface immuno-peptidome that dynamically tunes the fate of T cells to function or dysfunction states, and revisit the biochemical and biophysical properties of type 1 MHC antigen processing mechanism (APM) that pivots in the phenomenon of leukemia antigen dampening.

Ching-Yun Wang
Shiuan-Chen Lin
Kao-Jung Chang
Han-Ping Cheong
Sin-Rong Wu
Cheng-Hao Lee
Ming-Wei Chuang
Shih-Hwa Chiou
Chih-Hung Hsu
Po-Shen Ko

Science (General)
Social sciences (General)


Perception of diagnosis by family caregivers in severe brain injury patients in China

Abstract: Abstract Objectives Surrogate decision-making by family caregivers for patients with severe brain injury is influenced by the availability and understanding of relevant information and expectations for future rehabilitation. We aimed to compare the consistency of family caregivers’ perceptions with clinical diagnoses and to inform their expectation of prognosis in the future. Methods The Coma Recovery Scale-Revised was used to assess the diagnosis of inpatients with severe brain injury between February 2019 and February 2020. A main family caregiver was included per patient. The family caregiver’s perception of the patient’s consciousness and expectations of future recovery were collected through questionnaires and compared consistently with the clinical diagnosis. Results The final sample included 101 main family caregivers of patients (57 UWS, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, 37 MCS, minimally conscious state, 7 EMCS, emergence from MCS) with severe brain injury. Only 57 family caregivers correctly assessed the level of consciousness as indicated by the CRS-R, showing weak consistency (Kappa = 0.217, P = 0.002). Family caregivers’ demographic characteristics and CRS-R diagnosis influenced the consistency between perception and clinical diagnosis. Family caregivers who provided hands-on care to patients showed higher levels of consistent perception (AOR = 12.24, 95% CI = 2.06-73.00, P = 0.006). Compared to UWS, the family caregivers of MCS patients were more likely to have a correct perception (OR = 7.68, 95% CI = 1.34–44.06). Family caregivers had positive expectations for patients’ recovery in terms of both communication and returning to normal life. Conclusion Nearly half of family caregivers have inadequate understanding of their relative’s level of consciousness, and most of them report overly optimistic expectations that do not align with clinical diagnosis. Providing more medical information to family caregivers to support their surrogate decision-making process is essential.

Yifan Yan
Meiqi Li
Jitka Annen
Wangshan Huang
Tiantian Cai
Xueying Wang
Xiaohua Hu
Steven Laureys
Haibo Di


Editorial: Organ crosstalk in the pathophysiology and treatment of type-2 diabetes

Estela Lorza-Gil
Estela Lorza-Gil
Estela Lorza-Gil
Bilgen Ekim
Bilgen Ekim
Gencer Sancar
Gencer Sancar
Gencer Sancar

Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology


Research and practice on key issues in the implementation of government data classification and grading in China

Abstract: Data classification and grading is the foundation for ensuring the safe circulation of data and promoting the release of data value.This paper focuses on the key task of government data classification and grading in digital reform.Using a theoretical case study method and based on publicly released plans by various provincial governments and ministries, the implementation of government data classification and grading in China is systematically sorted and quantitatively analyzed.This paper summarizes four key processes and five characteristics of the implementation of government data classification and classification in China.Based on the special complexity of the classification and grading of government data, this paper puts forward four problems corresponding solutions in the implementation of the classification and grading of government data in China, such as unclear overall target positioning, different classification and grading objects, separated classification and grading relations, and different security grading standards.Based on the practice of classification and grading government data of a national ministry, this paper verifies the scientificity and effectiveness of the solutions, and provides a reference for constructing a unified national government data classification and grading system.


Factors Influencing Adherence to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy After Breast Cancer Surgery

Abstract: ABSTRACT Background Women with newly diagnosed hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer are offered adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET). Despite the survival benefits of the therapy, a significant proportion of breast cancer patients do not adhere to the anti‐hormonal medication. Aims The purpose of this study was to analyse demographic, social, psychological and treatment‐related factors influencing whether women diagnosed with early‐stage breast cancer were adherent to offered therapy. Materials and Methods This was a long‐term retrospective, medical record study, supplemented with a questionnaire, including 81 women. Data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register were used to examine adherence. The women were followed for 5 years of offered AET. Results Out of 81 women, 67 (83%) were adherent (hade taken out 80% or more of the recommended dose), 10 (12%) were Partially Adherent and 4 (5%) never accepted AET. At baseline, the Never‐Adherent group members were younger, more often considered themselves healthy and seemed much more satisfied with their lives. Baseline factors that positively affected adherence were satisfaction with the vocational situation (p = 0.023) and satisfaction with family life (p = 0.040). Cumulative musculoskeletal side effects were more frequently reported among women in the Adherent group than Partially Adherent women, after both 12 and 60 months (p = 0.018 and p = 0.011, respectively). There was also a significant difference in reported cumulative psychological side effects (p = 0.049) in disfavour of the Adherent group. Moreover, according to the questionnaire where the women retrospectively were asked which side effects, they experienced during the treatment period; sexual desire was significantly lower in the Adherent group (p = 0.0402) than in the Partially Adherent group. Conclusion It is important to consider a woman's life situation, to support those who otherwise would not be able to complete AET and to help all women relieve side effects during AET. It should be investigated why some women did not start the recommended therapy.

Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens


UAV-Embedded Sensors and Deep Learning for Pathology Identification in Building Façades: A Review

Abstract: The use of geotechnologies in the field of diagnostic engineering has become ever more present in the identification of pathological manifestations in buildings. The implementation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and embedded sensors has stimulated the search for new data processing and validation methods, considering the magnitude of the data collected during fieldwork and the absence of specific methodologies for each type of sensor. Regarding data processing, the use of deep learning techniques has become widespread, especially for the automation of processes that involve a great amount of data. However, just as with the increasing use of embedded sensors, deep learning necessitates the development of studies, particularly those focusing on neural networks that better represent the data to be analyzed. It also requires the enhancement of practices to be used in fieldwork, especially regarding data processing. In this context, the objective of this study is to review the existing literature on the use of embedded technologies in UAVs and deep learning for the identification and characterization of pathological manifestations present in building façades in order to develop a robust knowledge base that is capable of contributing to new investigations in this field of research.

Gabriel de Sousa Meira
João Victor Ferreira Guedes
Edilson de Souza Bias

Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics


Does Practice Make Perfect? The Effects of an Eight-Week Manualized Deliberate Practice Course With Peer Feedback on Patient-Rated Working Alliance in Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract: [Background] Deliberate Practice (DP), which underscores the importance of expert mentorship, personalized learning objectives, feedback, and repetition, has been suggested as a method to enhance the effectiveness of therapists. [Method] The study tested the efficacy of an eight-week, structured, group-based online course, enriched with peer feedback, for 37 Cognitive Behavioral Therapists. The goal was to assess whether this intervention could boost the quality of therapist-patient alliances, as compared to a control group. To measure this, therapists had their patients anonymously fill out the Session Alliance Inventory both before and after the course. The trial encompassed 120 patient alliance ratings at baseline and 64 at the post-course measurement. The DP course was comprised of a 75-minute remote video workshop each week for eight weeks, supplemented by related study materials. Each workshop focused on a specific skill, such as responding to client resistance, and included 55 minutes of concentrated role-play activities, providing ample opportunities for repetition and feedback. [Results] Using a linear mixed model we did not find an effect on patient alliance ratings. However, we observed a trend (p = .054) indicating that the DP group decreased their alliance ratings (Cohen’s d = -0.40), while the control group demonstrated an increase in their scores (d = 0.49). [Conclusion] This pilot study did not find support for DP leading to better patient-rated alliance compared to a waitlist control. However, the study had several methodological limitations. Further and more rigorous investigation of the effects of DP on patient outcomes is recommended.

Håkan Lagerberg
James F. Boswell
Michael J. Constantino
Gerhard Andersson
Per Carlbring

PsychOpen GOLD/ Leibniz Institute for Psychology


بررسی ارتباط خواص شیمیایی، فیزیکی و مکانیک سنگی بلوک‌های آهن معدن چغارت، با مقدار D50 دانه‌بندی حاصل از آتشباری

Abstract: عملیات آتشباری یکی از مهمترین و پرهزینه‌ترین عملیات در فرایند معدنکاری است. آتشباری درواقع، ابتدای سیستم خردایش سنگ در معدن است. همچنین آتشباری تولیدکننده سنگ موردنیاز مراحل بعدی خردایش است. ابعاد محصول تولیدی آتشباری، نقش بسزایی در قابلیت خردایش سنگشکنی و آسیاکنی خواهد داشت، به این دلیل، جهت تولید محصول با ابعاد مناسب ابتدا لازم است شناخت کافی از شرایط فیزیکی، مکانیکی و شیمیایی بلوکهای معدنی حاصل شود. در این پژوهش با مطالعه 26 بلوک سنگ‌آهن معدن چغارت بعد از عملیات آتشباری، نسبت به برداشت ویژگیهای فیزیکی، مکانیکی و شیمیایی بلوکهای معدن چغارت اقدام شد. در ادامه، بعد از عملیات آتشباری با تصویربرداری از سطح بلوک منفجرشده، اقدام به آنالیز تصویری ابعاد محصول آتشباری گردید. در مرحله بعد، از سطح بلوک آتشباری شده نمونههای سنگیای جهت انجام آزمایشات ژئومکانیکی و شیمیایی اخذ شد. بعد از انجام آزمایشات، ارتباط بین ویژگیهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و مکانیکی سنگهای مورد آزمایش با ابعاد محصول آتشباری (D50) موردبررسی قرار گرفت. ویژگیهای موردبررسی در این مطالعه شامل: مقاومت فشاری تک‌محوره، مدول الاستیسیته، ضریب پواسون، مقاومت کششی غیرمستقیم، چسبندگی، زاویه اصطکاک داخلی، درصد سیلیس، آهن و اکسید آهن موجود در بلوک آتشباری میباشند. در پایان، با استفاده از روش تحلیل آماری رگرسیون خطی تک متغیره و چند متغیره، معادلاتی برای تخمین ابعاد محصول تولیدی (D50) حاصل از انفجار با استفاده از ویژگیهای فیزیکی، مکانیکی و شیمیایی توده سنگهای محصول آتشباری با ضریب تعیین (48/92) درصد برای D50 پیش‌بینی گردید.

جواد کمالی
حسین جلالی فر
علیرضا یاراحمدی بافقی

Analytical and Numerical Methods in Mining Engineering


Topical Pharmacological Treatment of Actinic Keratoses: Focus on Tirbanibulin 1% Ointment

Abstract: Actinic keratosis (AK) is a frequent precancerous skin lesion that mostly affects chronically sun-exposed areas. Chronic sun damage leads to various mutations in onco-suppressor and oncogenic genes which cause an uncontrolled proliferation of atypical keratinocytes. Untreated AKs may evolve in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), with the consequent need for dermato-surgical excision or even for systemic immunotherapy in case of invasive/metastatic cSCCs. Epidemiology data on AK prevalence are various, however, the literature unanimously reports an increasing prevalence due to the aging of the population. Clinically AKs appear as a scaly, erythematous macule or papule or hyperkeratotic plaque. Management of AKs and the field of cancerization is important to avoid the natural evolution into squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Both physical and topical treatments are approved for managing AKs. Patient compliance with topical regimens is usually low due to the length of the posology and frequent skin adverse events. A recently approved tirbanibulin-based ointment, showed potential for inhibiting cell proliferation and blocking SRC-kinases, implicated in the progression of AKs in SCCs. The advantage of this new treatment is the practical posology, with a daily application for 5 consecutive days on AKs of the face-scalp area. Local skin reactions are usually mild and do not require treatment discontinuation. The short course of this new therapy and its excellent tolerance massively increased patient compliance. This article reviews what is currently known about this new therapy from its mechanism of action to clinical trial outcomes regarding safety, effectiveness, and patient adherence to the treatment.

Mario Valenti
Matteo Bianco
Alessandra Narcisi
Antonio Costanzo
Riccardo Borroni
Marco Ardigò


RF Performance Benchmark of Nanosheets, Nanowires, FinFETs, and TreeFETs

Abstract: RF array performance of stacked nanosheets, stacked nanowires, FinFETs, and TreeFETs are optimized using double-sided gate contact, contact over active-gate, and proposed hybrid layouts. For the double-sided gate contact, gate resistance increases with the increasing active region width to decrease the maximum oscillation frequency. The gate vias on the active region of contact over active-gate can reduce gate resistance by providing vertical paths for small-signal gate current. Combining the advantages of double-sided gate contact and contact over active-gate, the hybrid can further reduce the gate resistance to improve the maximum oscillation frequency. FinFETs/TreeFETs with the vertical sections of the channel (fin/interbridge) stop the lateral small-signal gate current path to increase gate resistance and thus decrease the maximum oscillation frequency as compared to nanosheets and nanowires. Nanowires adopting the hybrid layout and gate length of 18nm can achieve the highest maximum oscillation frequency of 590GHz due to the lowest gate resistance, the highest electron concentration, and the best gate control.

Hsin-Cheng Lin
Wei-Teng Hsu
Tsai-Yu Chung
He-Wen Shen
Ching-Wang Yao
Tao Chou
Li-Kai Wang
C. W. Liu

Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering


Anesthetic Oxygen Use and Sex Are Critical Factors in the FLASH Sparing Effect

Abstract: Purpose: Ultra High Dose-Rate (UHDR) radiation has been reported to spare normal tissue, compared with Conventional Dose-Rate (CDR) radiation. However, important work remains to be done to improve the reproducibility of the FLASH effect. A better understanding of the biologic factors that modulate the FLASH effect may shed light on the mechanism of FLASH sparing. Here, we evaluated whether sex and/or the use of 100% oxygen as a carrier gas during irradiation contribute to the variability of the FLASH effect. Methods and Materials: C57BL/6 mice (24 male, 24 female) were anesthetized using isoflurane mixed with either room air or 100% oxygen. Subsequently, the mice received 27 Gy of either 9 MeV electron UHDR or CDR to a 1.6 cm2 diameter area of the right leg skin using the Mobetron linear accelerator. The primary postradiation endpoint was time to full thickness skin ulceration. In a separate cohort of mice (4 male, 4 female), skin oxygenation was measured using PdG4 Oxyphor under identical anesthesia conditions. Results: Neither supplemental oxygen nor sex affected time to ulceration in CDR irradiated mice. In the UHDR group, skin damage occured earlier in male and female mice that received 100% oxygen compared room air and female mice ulcerated sooner than male mice. However, there was no significant difference in time to ulceration between male and female UHDR mice that received room air. Oxygen measurements showed that tissue oxygenation was significantly higher when using 100% oxygen as the anesthesia carrier gas than when using room air, and female mice showed higher levels of tissue oxygenation than male mice under 100% oxygen. Conclusions: The skin FLASH sparing effect is significantly reduced when using oxygen during anesthesia rather than room air. FLASH sparing was also reduced in female mice compared to male mice. Both tissue oxygenation and sex are likely sources of variability in UHDR studies. These results suggest an oxygen-based mechanism for FLASH, as well as a key role for sex in the FLASH skin sparing effect.

Armin D. Tavakkoli, BA
Megan A. Clark, BE
Alireza Kheirollah, PhD
Austin M. Sloop, MS
Haille E. Soderholm, BA
Noah J. Daniel, MS
Arthur F. Petusseau, PhD
Yina H. Huang, PhD
Charles R. Thomas, Jr, MD
Lesley A. Jarvis, MD, PhD
Rongxiao Zhang, PhD
Brian W. Pogue, PhD
David J. Gladstone, ScD
P. Jack Hoopes, DVM, PhD

Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine


Examination of factors that impact mask or respirator purchase and usage during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract: Understanding the motivations and barriers populations face in respiratory protection during a pandemic is key to effective primary prevention. The goal of this study was to identify the impact of various motivational factors on individual choice of masks or respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey study included a sample of 619 participants between the ages of 18 to 75 years old and English speaking, who were asked about factors that affected their choice of masks or respirators between the months of April 2020 and May 2021. Participants showed a positive association between choice of respirator and being male, perceived comfort and trust in respirators, importance of personalization, and trust in information from family or friends. In addition, positive associations were found between income, education, and the amount of trust in CDC, WHO, and local/state health departments. Results indicate the need for increased education on attributes of each mask or respirator, review of respirator fit, research into specific areas of discomfort, and outreach efforts to vulnerable populations.

Nicole Bertges
Sachiyo Shearman
Satomi Imai
Jo Anne G Balanay
Sinan Sousan


Enhancing Communication Security in Drones Using QRNG in Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach to enhancing the security and reliability of drone communications through the integration of Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNG) in Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) systems. We propose a multi-drone framework that leverages QRNG technology to generate truly random frequency hopping sequences, significantly improving resistance against jamming and interception attempts. Our method introduces a concurrent access protocol for multiple drones to share a QRNG device efficiently, incorporating robust error handling and a shared memory system for random number distribution. The implementation includes secure communication protocols, ensuring data integrity and confidentiality through encryption and Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) verification. We demonstrate the system’s effectiveness through comprehensive simulations and statistical analyses, including spectral density, frequency distribution, and autocorrelation studies of the generated frequency sequences. The results show a significant enhancement in the unpredictability and uniformity of frequency distributions compared to traditional pseudo-random number generator-based approaches. Specifically, the frequency distributions of the drones exhibited a relatively uniform spread across the available spectrum, with minimal discernible patterns in the frequency sequences, indicating high unpredictability. Autocorrelation analyses revealed a sharp peak at zero lag and linear decrease to zero values for other lags, confirming a general absence of periodicity or predictability in the sequences, which enhances resistance to predictive attacks. Spectral analysis confirmed a relatively flat power spectral density across frequencies, characteristic of truly random sequences, thereby minimizing vulnerabilities to spectral-based jamming. Statistical tests, including Chi-squared and Kolmogorov-Smirnov, further confirm the unpredictability of the frequency sequences generated by QRNG, supporting enhanced security measures against predictive attacks. While some short-term correlations were observed, suggesting areas for improvement in QRNG technology, the overall findings confirm the potential of QRNG-based FHSS systems in significantly improving the security and reliability of drone communications. This work contributes to the growing field of quantum-enhanced wireless communications, offering substantial advancements in security and reliability for drone operations. The proposed system has potential applications in military, emergency response, and secure commercial drone operations, where enhanced communication security is paramount.

J. de Curtò
I. de Zarzà
Juan-Carlos Cano
Carlos T. Calafate


Impact of Artificial Intelligence (Chatgpt and Google-Bard) on Undergraduates’ Creative Writing Skills at A University in Northeastern Nigeria

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) has a profound influence on various facets of modern-day society, notably within the realm of education. Its application in educational settings is extensive, primarily aimed at improving the methods of instruction and knowledge acquisition. Thus, this research investigates the impact of AI tools (ChatGPT, Google Bard) on the creative writing skills of Nigerian undergraduates using a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research design. Eighty (80) third-year undergraduates participated in the study. Data were collected using pretest-posttest writing tasks. The writing scripts were graded using creative writing assessment rubrics. Paired sample t-test analysis was conducted to compare the pretest-posttest writing scores using SPSS. The results of the analysis showed a significant improvement in the participants’ overall writing scores after using the AI tools. The results also show significant improvement in all the aspects of creative writing: image, voice, characterization and story. Finally, the study makes some recommendations for practice and further studies.

Abubakar Salihu
Muhammad Mukhtar Aliyu
Nur Fadillah  Nurchalis


The voice of depression: speech features as biomarkers for major depressive disorder

Abstract: Abstract Background Psychiatry faces a challenge due to the lack of objective biomarkers, as current assessments are based on subjective evaluations. Automated speech analysis shows promise in detecting symptom severity in depressed patients. This project aimed to identify discriminating speech features between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HCs) by examining associations with symptom severity measures. Methods Forty-four MDD patients from the Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Aachen, Germany and fifty-two HCs were recruited. Participants described positive and negative life events, which were recorded for analysis. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression gauged depression severity. Transcribed audio recordings underwent feature extraction, including acoustics, speech rate, and content. Machine learning models including speech features and neuropsychological assessments, were used to differentiate between the MDD patients and HCs. Results Acoustic variables such as pitch and loudness differed significantly between the MDD patients and HCs (effect sizes 𝜼2 between 0.183 and 0.3, p < 0.001). Furthermore, variables pertaining to temporality, lexical richness, and speech sentiment displayed moderate to high effect sizes (𝜼2 between 0.062 and 0.143, p < 0.02). A support vector machine (SVM) model based on 10 acoustic features showed a high performance (AUC = 0.93) in differentiating between HCs and patients with MDD, comparable to an SVM based on the BDI-II (AUC = 0.99, p = 0.01). Conclusions This study identified robust speech features associated with MDD. A machine learning model based on speech features yielded similar results to an established pen-and-paper depression assessment. In the future, these findings may shape voice-based biomarkers, enhancing clinical diagnosis and MDD monitoring.

Felix Menne
Felix Dörr
Julia Schräder
Johannes Tröger
Ute Habel
Alexandra König
Lisa Wagels


Structural Modeling Based on Supply Chain Integration in Relation to Supply Chain Risk, Product Quality and Innovation Capability

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the unique features of the food supply chain, examining the impact of food supply chain integration, consisting of internal integration, supplier and customer, the quality of food products and product innovation capability. Managers need to understand the importance of supplier and customer integration when responding to supply chain risk and company uncertainty. The data were collected from 168 managers active in the food industry in Tehran province. The partial least squares tool (SmartPLS 3.0) was used to analyze the data using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. The results show that there is a strong relationship between uncertainty and supply chain integration including customer, supplier and internal integration. The findings indicate that customer integration and supplier integration are critical factors in improving product quality in the food supply chain. The results can be related to the prominent role of customer relations and contact in the development of innovation capabilities in manufactured products, which has also been approved by some previous studies. Additionally, analyzing the various dimensions of supply chain integration separately revealed that internal integration is a capability factor for external integration. This study can help businesses in the food industry understand the value-creating roles of food supply chain integration and provide valuable guidance for them to decide how to meet the various challenges and manage food supply chain integration in order to improve product quality and product innovation capability.

مدیریت بهره وری


Research on Dispersion Compensation of FD-OCT System via Pix2Pix GAN Technique

Abstract: Dispersion in optical coherence tomography (OCT) poses a challenge that is exacerbated by the increased spectral bandwidth, which leads to image blur and feature loss. In this paper, we present a straightforward and cost-effective approach for dispersion compensation in OCT. To achieve this, we employed a pixel-to-pixel (Pix2Pix) generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture customized for image-to-image translation. Two data groups with varying amounts of training image data and epochs were used. The Pix2Pix GAN was trained to generate clear OCT images from the corresponding dispersion-affected OCT images in paired datasets. According to the experimental results, the Pix2Pix GAN technique demonstrated a substantial improvement over the basic GAN. Specifically, it increases the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) by 159%, structural similarity index (SSIM) by 370%, and Fréchet inception distance (FID) by 274%. These outcomes indicate that the proposed model can generate images with resilience and effectiveness, particularly when dealing with dispersion-affected OCT data.

Eddy Wijanto
Hsu-Chih Cheng
Bo-Hong Liao
Chun-Ming Huang
Yao-Tang Chang


Low cloud response to aerosol‐radiation‐cloud interactions: Idealized WRF numerical experiments for EUREC4A project

Abstract: Abstract Aerosols significantly affect cloud microphysics and energy budget in different ways. The contribution of the direct, semi‐direct, and indirect effects of aerosols on radiation are here investigated over the North Atlantic tropical ocean under different aerosol loadings. The Weather Research and Forecasting Model is used to perform a set of numerical idealized experiments, which are forced with prescribed aerosol profiles. We evaluate the effects of aerosols on modeled shallow clouds and surface radiative budget. The results indicate that large aerosol loadings are associated with enhanced cloudiness and reduced precipitation. While the change in rainfall is mainly due to the larger number of smaller droplets, the change in cloudiness is attributed to the effects of absorbing aerosols, mainly dust particles, which are responsible for a rise of temperature that feeds back onto specific humidity. As in the boundary layer the increase of moisture dominates, the net effect is a higher relative humidity, which favors the formation of thin low non‐precipitating clouds. The feedback accounts for a dynamical change in the lower troposphere: shortwave radiation absorption increases temperature at the top of the marine atmospheric boundary‐layer and reduces entrainment of warm and dry air, increasing low level moisture content. Despite the overall increase in cloudiness, daytime cloud cover is reduced. The semi‐direct effect of aerosols on clouds results in a warming of the surface, opposite to the indirect effect.

Nazario Tartaglione
Fabien Desbiolles
Anna delMoral‐Méndez
Agostino N. Meroni
Anna Napoli
Matteo Borgnino
Antonio Parodi
Claudia Pasquero


Carta de los Editores

Rogelio Del Prado Flores
Rebeca-Illiana Arévalo-Martínez


Metabolomic Profile Alterations Associated with the SLC16A11 Risk Haplotype Following a Lifestyle Intervention in People With Prediabetes

Abstract: Background: A risk haplotype in SLC16A11 characterized by alterations in fatty acid metabolism emerged as a genetic risk factor associated with increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Mexican population. Its role on treatment responses is not well understood. Objectives: We aimed to determine the impact of the risk haplotype on the metabolomic profile during a lifestyle intervention (LSI). Methods: We recruited Mexican-mestizo individuals with ≥1 prediabetes criteria according to the American Diabetes Association with a body mass index between 25 and 45 kg/m2. We conducted a 24-wk quasiexperimental LSI study for diabetes prevention. Here, we compared longitudinal plasma liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry metabolomic changes between carriers and noncarriers. We analyzed the association of risk haplotype with metabolites leveraging repeated assessments using multivariable-adjusted linear mixed models. Results: Before the intervention, carriers (N = 21) showed higher concentrations of hippurate, C16 carnitine, glycine, and cinnamoylglycine. After 24 wk of LSI, carriers exhibited a deleterious metabolomic profile. This profile was characterized by increased concentrations of hippurate, cinnamoglycine, xanthosine, N-acetylputrescine, L-acetylcarnitine, ceramide (d18:1/24:1), and decreased concentrations of citrulline and phosphatidylethanolamine. These metabolites were associated with higher concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The effect of LSI on the risk haplotype was notably more pronounced in its impact on 2 metabolites: methylmalonylcarnitine (β: −0.56; P-interaction = 0.014) and betaine (β: −0.64; P-interaction = 0.017). Interestingly, lower consumption across visits of polyunsaturated (β: −0.038; P = 0.017) fatty acids were associated with higher concentrations of methylmalonylcarnitine. Covariates for adjustment across models included age, sex, genetic ancestry principal components, and body mass index. Conclusions: Our study highlights the persistence of deleterious metabolomic patterns associated with the risk haplotype before and during a 24-wk LSI. We also emphasize the potential regulatory role of polyunsaturated fatty acids on methylmalonylcarnitine concentrations suggesting a route for improving interventions for individuals with high-genetic risk.

Magdalena Sevilla-González
Maria Fernanda Garibay-Gutiérrez
Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez
Andrea Celeste Medina-García
Maria Luisa Ordoñez-Sánchez
Clary B Clish
Paloma Almeda-Valdes
Teresa Tusie-Luna

Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases


Predicting Microbial Protein Synthesis in Cattle: Evaluation of Extant Equations and Steps Needed to Improve Accuracy and Precision of Future Equations

Abstract: Predictions of microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis for beef cattle generally rely on empirical regression equations, with intakes of energy and protein as key variables. Using a database from published literature, we developed new equations based on the intake of organic matter (OM) and intakes or concentrations of crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). We compared these new equations to several extant equations based on intakes of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and CP. Regression fit statistics were evaluated using both resampling and sampling from a simulated multivariate normal population. Newly developed equations yielded similar fit statistics to extant equations, but the root mean square error of prediction averaged 155 g (28.7% of the mean MCP of 540.7 g/d) across all equations, indicating considerable variation in predictions. A simple approach of calculating MCP as 10% of the TDN intake yielded MCP estimates and fit statistics that were similar to more complicated equations. Adding a classification code to account for unique dietary characteristics did not have significant effects. Because MCP synthesis is measured indirectly, most often using surgically altered animals, literature estimates are relatively few and highly variable. A random sample of individual studies from our literature database indicated a standard deviation for MCP synthesis that averaged 19.1% of the observed mean, likely contributing to imprecision in the MCP predictions. Research to develop additional MCP estimates across various diets and production situations is needed, with a focus on developing consistent and reliable methodologies for MCP measurements. The use of new meta-omics tools might improve the accuracy and precision of MCP predictions, but further research will be needed to assess the utility of such tools.


Pathological Findings in Hanging: Is the Traditional Knowledge Correct?

Abstract: Background: In forensic pathology, asphyxia presents a problem as frequently as it is thorny and challenging. Some knowledge in forensic pathology is still considered to be traditionally acquired and is not critically assessed with modern statistical or technical tools. In this study, we seek to examine the injuries that are considered to be typical of cases of hanging (neck lesions, haemorrhages, and pleural and epicardial petechiae). Methods: We evaluated whether there was, indeed, a statistically significant association between these injuries and deaths from hanging as compared to non-hanging deaths. We collected 399 cases (32 deaths by hanging and 367 cases of non-hangings), built contingency tables and performed chi-square tests for each variable (lesion) examined; we also analysed this association in various subgroups of the sample (according to sex, age and weight ranges). Results: Our results did not deviate from the expected outcome based on traditional knowledge, although they do provide a more detailed demonstration and clarification of traditional knowledge regarding this topic. Conclusions: These findings provide valuable insights for future discussion, examination and deepening of knowledge that is traditionally accepted but often undersupported in the literature.

Graziano Domenico Luigi Crudele
Alberto Amadasi
Lorenzo Franceschetti
Cristina Cattaneo


Varenicline Solution Nasal Spray for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease Following LASIK

Abstract: Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of a varenicline solution nasal spray (VNS) for reducing the signs and symptoms of dry eye following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods Subjects electing to undergo LASIK were randomized to VNS (study group) or placebo/vehicle (control group) and initiated treatment with the nasal spray twice daily 28 days prior to surgery with continued treatment for 84 days following LASIK. After initiation of treatment, subjects were seen on the day of surgery and postoperatively on Days 1, 7, 28, 84 (3 months) and 168 (6 months). The primary outcome measure was the mean change in NEI-VFQ-25, a 25-item dry eye questionnaire, from baseline to 3 months. The second primary outcome measure was the mean change in corneal fluorescein staining. Secondary outcome measures included evaluation of tear break-up time, Schirmer testing, tear osmolarity and eye dryness score (EDS). Results Twenty subjects were enrolled in each group and successfully underwent LASIK. Both groups demonstrated an improvement in the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) at 3 months. The study group demonstrated improved corneal staining scores at months 1 and 3. Similarly, the study group demonstrated improvement in tear osmolarity scores versus the placebo group at the same time points. Although the study group was numerically greater than placebo for each time point for both corneal staining and tear osmolarity, the differences were not statistically significant for any primary or secondary outcome measures. Conclusion VNS is a dry eye treatment option for patients following LASIK and may have potential benefit for patients hoping to avoid additional topical medications. The results were not statistically significant compared to placebo in this trial, and further investigation of the use of VNS following LASIK in a larger trial would be beneficial.

Tanner J. Ferguson
Brooke Messer
Nicholas Risbrudt
Seth Stofferahn
Michael Greenwood


Notes sur la dimension immunitaire des enclaves pétrolières

Abstract: This paper considers the ways of establishing oil enclaves in difficult environments and it focuses on procedures that aim to safeguard the extractive activity from external disturbance and/or hostility. First, in addressing the case of enclaves located in extreme environments (hostile to life), we show that the organization of enclaves is an important tool of their immunization: by producing an inclusive and autonomous space, an "architecture of vacuum "(Sloterdijk) allows to free the activity from the conditions and contingencies of the external environment. Secondly, we move to the case of enclaves established in environments that are inhabited and territorialized, where immunization procedures are enriched by defensive (fencing) and intrusive mechanisms (sustainable practices). Finally we discuss the emergence of an ethical paradigm that tangled in strategies that aim to ensure the continuity of extractive activities.

Pôle de Recherche pour l'Organisation et la diffusion de l'Information Géographique


Role of N343 glycosylation on the SARS-CoV-2 S RBD structure and co-receptor binding across variants of concern

Abstract: Glycosylation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein represents a key target for viral evolution because it affects both viral evasion and fitness. Successful variations in the glycan shield are difficult to achieve though, as protein glycosylation is also critical to folding and structural stability. Within this framework, the identification of glycosylation sites that are structurally dispensable can provide insight into the evolutionary mechanisms of the shield and inform immune surveillance. In this work, we show through over 45 μs of cumulative sampling from conventional and enhanced molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, how the structure of the immunodominant S receptor binding domain (RBD) is regulated by N-glycosylation at N343 and how this glycan’s structural role changes from WHu-1, alpha (B.1.1.7), and beta (B.1.351), to the delta (B.1.617.2), and omicron (BA.1 and BA.2.86) variants. More specifically, we find that the amphipathic nature of the N-glycan is instrumental to preserve the structural integrity of the RBD hydrophobic core and that loss of glycosylation at N343 triggers a specific and consistent conformational change. We show how this change allosterically regulates the conformation of the receptor binding motif (RBM) in the WHu-1, alpha, and beta RBDs, but not in the delta and omicron variants, due to mutations that reinforce the RBD architecture. In support of these findings, we show that the binding of the RBD to monosialylated ganglioside co-receptors is highly dependent on N343 glycosylation in the WHu-1, but not in the delta RBD, and that affinity changes significantly across VoCs. Ultimately, the molecular and functional insight we provide in this work reinforces our understanding of the role of glycosylation in protein structure and function and it also allows us to identify the structural constraints within which the glycosylation site at N343 can become a hotspot for mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 S glycan shield.

Callum M Ives
Linh Nguyen
Carl A Fogarty
Aoife M Harbison
Yves Durocher
John Klassen
Elisa Fadda


Bayesian ANN-Based Prediction and Multi-Objective Optimization of Tribological Behavior in Magnesium Alloy AZ91D at Elevated Temperature Using Pareto GA

Abstract: This study uses an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict the wear rate and friction coefficient of the magnesium alloy AZ91D, based on experimental data from a pin-on-disc tribometer. The model includes three essential process parameters: sliding velocity (m/s), applied load (kg), and sliding distance (km), in addition to the chamber temperature (°C). A total of 27 experimental designs were devised using a Box-Behnken design. The ANN model was trained utilizing the Bayesian regularization approach with one hidden layer of 10 neurons. The developed ANN models for predicting wear rate and coefficient of friction were used as goal functions in a multi-objective Pareto-based genetic algorithm to maximize tribological performance. The ideal solution indicates a sliding velocity of 2 m/s, a load of 5 kg, a sliding distance of 1.5 km, and a chamber temperature of 143°C, yielding a minimal wear rate of 1.7891 mm3/kg·km and a coefficient of friction of 0.1435. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses of worn surfaces show that the wear rate decreases with increasing load and sliding velocity at higher temperatures. The oxide layer that forms at high temperatures enhances wear resistance, even under high loads and sliding speeds.

Beniyel Muthuraj
Sivapragash Murugesan
Rajesh Rajamony
Michael Thomas Rex Francis

Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia e Materiais (ABM); Associação Brasileira de Cerâmica (ABC); Associação Brasileira de Polímeros (ABPol)

Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials


Path Planning Approaches in Multi‐robot System: A Review

Abstract: ABSTRACT The essential factor in developing multi‐robot systems is the generation of an optimal path for task completion by multiple robots. To ensure effective path planning, this paper studies the recent publications and provides a detailed review of the path planning approaches to avoid collisions in uncertain environments. In this article, path‐planning approaches for multiple robots are categorized primarily into classical, heuristic, and artificial intelligence‐based methods. Among the heuristic approaches, bio‐inspired approaches are mostly employed to optimize the classical approaches to enhance their adaptability. The articles are analyzed based on static and dynamic scenarios, real‐time experiments, and simulations involving hybrid solutions. The increasing focus on using hybrid approaches in dynamic environments is found mostly in the papers employing heuristic and AI‐based approaches. In real‐time applications, AI‐based approaches are highly implemented in comparison to heuristic and classical approaches. Moreover, the findings from this review, highlighting the strengths and drawbacks of each algorithm, can help researchers select the appropriate approach to overcome the limitations in designing efficient multi‐robot systems.

Semonti Banik
Sajal Chandra Banik
Sarker Safat Mahmud

Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)


Australian catholic teachers’ preparedness in identifying and responding to harmful sexual behavior and their training and resource needs

Abstract: Background: Schools are often at the forefront of needing to identify and respond to harmful sexual behavior (HSB). However, there is limited understanding about what training and resources Australian teachers receive on HSB or what they need. Objective: To explore Catholic Education staff's preparedness and their training and resource needs for identifying and responding to HSB in education settings. Participants: and Setting: Seventy-four Catholic education staff answered an online survey, and a further 14 Catholic education pastoral care and leadership staff engaged in single. Method: Online survey and single interviews. Findings: Overall, participants felt most prepared to identify HSB and provide an immediate response to HSB, while they felt least prepared to respond to the parental community and to the families of children affected by HSB. Notably, teachers felt the least prepared to provide ongoing support to children affected by HSB and to respond to families and the parental community in matters concerning HSB. Participants called for training and resources to better support education staff in identifying and responding to HSB. Conclusion: This research has demonstrated that Catholic Education staff feel better prepared in identifying and responding to several elements of HSB than previous research with teachers has indicated, however they still feel inadequate in ongoing responses to children affected by HSB and in responding to parents.

Lesley-anne Ey
Neil Tippett
Elspeth McInnes
Lewis Cockram
Anissa Ostovar-Ravare


High posterior tibial slope increases anterior cruciate ligament elongation in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty during early-flexion of lunge

Abstract: Abstract Background In-silico and in-vitro studies have revealed an appropriate posterior tibial slope (PTS) is critical for normal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tension and knee biomechanical behavior of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). However, the effects of PTS on in-vivo elongation of ACL and PCL in UKA remains unknown. The study aimed to quantify in-vivo ACL and PCL elongations during lunge and analyze their relations with PTS. Methods Thirteen fixed-bearing (FB) and 11 mobile-bearing (MB) UKA patients were recruited. The postoperative medial PTS was defined as the angle between the tibial transverse plane (perpendicular to mechanical axis) and cut plane. Accurate knee spatial postures of UKA and contralateral native knees during single-leg lunge were measured by the dual fluoroscopic imaging system. The ACL (AM, PL bundles) and PCL (AL, PM bundles) footprints were determined based on anatomical features on femoral and tibial 3D surface model reconstructed from CT. A validated 3D wrapping method was used to measure ligament bundle length. The paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the ligament elongation difference between bilateral knees. The Spearman correlation between PTS and average ligament elongation difference (ACL during 0–30° early-flexion, PCL during 60–100° deep-flexion) was calculated. Results The elongation of FB UKA PCL double-bundle was larger than contralateral sides in most flexion range of lunge (Max-Difference: AL 7.6 ± 8.7%, PM 8.2 ± 5.1%, p < 0.05). In contrast, ACL double-bundle elongations of MB UKA in mid-flexion were larger than contralateral sides (Max-Difference: AM 8.0 ± 8.1%, PL 7.6 ± 9.8%, p < 0.05). The increased PTS was significantly relevant to the increased ACL double-bundle elongation difference of bilateral knees for both FB and MB UKA patients (R > 0.6, p < 0.05). Conclusion There was abnormal in-vivo elongation of PCL in FB UKA and ACL in MB UKA during lunge and cause over-constraints to the contralateral knee. There was a positive correlation between PTS and ACL elongation difference for both FB and MB UKA, indicating excessive PTS should be avoided to preserve native ACL function in further UKA implantation. Levels of Evidence III.

Nan Zheng
Chunjie Xia
Huiyong Dai
Diyang Zou
Yubin Long
Zhiyong Hou
Qi Wang
Tsung-Yuan Tsai


Cartilage lesions resulting frorm intraarticular corticosteroid injections

Abstract:
        Abstract

        In eight of a total of 53 diagnostic arthroscopy cases, cartilage lesions and additional meniscus lesions resulting frorm intaraticular corticosteroid injections were identified between September 1987 and July 1988.Three of the cases were active sportsmen and all three had necrosis of the meniscus due to local corticosteroid administration following trauma. Mean time span for the onset of symptoms were determined to be eight months after local corticosteroid administration.

        ÖzetKortizonun uzun süreli sistemik kullanımından sonra veya diz içine lokal uygulanmasından sonra diz ekleminde, özellikle femur kondillerinde kıkırdak nekrozu oluşması çok görülmektedir. Özellikle lokal uygulamada kortizonun meniskus içine yapılması sonucunda meniskuslardaki lezyonlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Eylül 1987-Temmuz 1988 ayları arasında uyguladığımız toplam 53 tanısal artroskopi olgusunun 8inde   intraartiküler kortizon enjeksiyonlarına bağlı  kıkırdak lezyonu ve ilave meniskus lezyonları saptadık. 3 olgumuz aktif sporcu olup, her ikisinde de travmayı takiben lokal kortizon uygulaması sonucu meniskusta nekroz ve her iki eklem yüzeylerinde de kıkırdak  lezyonları mevcuttu. Olgularda,  lokal kortizon uygulamalarından sonra yakınmaların ortaya çıkması ortalama 8 ay olarak saptandı.

Levent Kostem
Fikret Oztop
Ahmet Sebik
Yalcin Ademoglu
Zafer Kement

Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica

Turkish Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology


The Utilization of Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) for the Confirmation of Gastric and Post-Pyloric Feeding Tube Placement in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) as an alternative imaging modality to confirm the location of gastric and post-pyloric feeding tubes in patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This was a prospective descriptive study performed at a tertiary care children’s hospital. Patients from birth to 17 years of age in whom the medical team placed a temporary enteral feeding tube were eligible for enrollment. The study physician, who was blinded to the radiographic findings, performed a POCUS study of the abdomen. An abdominal radiograph was obtained to confirm the placement in all patients. A total of 13 patients were enrolled, and 14 abdominal POCUS exams were completed. POCUS accurately identified the location of the enteral feeding tube in 10 of the 14 cases. POCUS had a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 57.1%, respectively, in identifying gastric tubes. It had a sensitivity and specificity of 66.7% and 87.5%, respectively, in identifying post-pyloric tubes. No adverse events were reported. This study showed that POCUS had moderate sensitivity and specificity and was, overall, safe. Further studies can assess the level of training needed for improvement in accuracy, and larger studies can help support the findings of this data that POCUS is a safe and accurate alternative to radiographs for enteral feeding tube placement confirmation.

Alonso Marron
Michael Wolf
Marla Levine
Jeremy Boyd
Marta Hernanz-Schulman


Experiment and analysis of water droplet wettability on superhydrophobic surfaces manipulated by electric field

Abstract: Electric field manipulates the change of droplets wettability on superhydrophobic surfaces, which is widely used in many fields such as electronic zoom microlens and electro wetting displays, and has an important research value. This paper prepared a superhydrophobic acetate film applied electrostatic spinning technique,the maximum contact angle of acetate film is 152.6°, conducted electric field-regulated water droplet wettability change tests, applied voltage to water droplets on acetate film. it was found that the contact angle of the droplets decreased with the increase of the electric field strength, and the electric field regulated the contact angle of the droplets to change in the range of 92.7-142.3°. When the power supply is turned off, the contact angle of the droplet can gradually recover, but not completely restored to the original state.

Wang Qingcheng
Lou Yi
Zhang Deqing
Yang Xiaodong


Phyto-derived interferons: a promising frontier in antiviral therapy development

Baskar Venkidasamy
Ashok Kumar  Balaraman
Muthu Thiruvengadan

EXCLI Journal : Experimental and Clinical Sciences

IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund


Vape Smoking: Prevalence and Perception among Damnhour University Students

Abstract: Background: E-cigarette or vape smoking is becoming a worldwide concern, yet vapinginformation is not widespread among Middle Eastern university students. The paper offers the pattern ofvape smoking in Damnhour University, Egypt, which uses classic tobacco smoking predominantly. Aim:To assess the prevalence and perception of vape smoking among Damnhour University students. Design:A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used. Subjects: Convenience sampling was appliedamong 560 university students. Setting: The study was conducted at Damnhour University, Egypt. Tools:An electronic questionnaire was used to measure participants' sociodemographic characteristics,prevalence, perceptions, reasons, and vaping behavior. Results: The prevalence of vape smoking was10.5%. The significant predictors were tobacco use (OR=13.85, p<0.001), smoking friends (OR=11.42,p<0.001), household smoking status (OR=3.32, p<0.001), male gender (OR=2.76, p=0.001), and being anEngineering faculty member (OR=1.95, p=0.042). 23.9% of the students had significant knowledge gaps.Perceptions varied: 72.7% of them acknowledged vaping harms, but 37.5% viewed it as cheap.Recreation and stress relief were moderately related to positive perceptions (r=0.54, p<0.001). Among theparticipants, 57.6% of them used vaping in banned indoor places. Conclusion: The study shows a 10.5%vaping prevalence among Damanhour University students in Egypt, with three-quarters of vapers usingtraditional tobacco simultaneously. Major risk factors include tobacco use, smoking social networks, malegender, and engineering faculty enrollment. Students demonstrate limited knowledge of vaping riskswhile citing cost benefits and smoking restriction workarounds as primary motivations.Recommendations: Vaping among Egyptian students is linked to varied social and behavioraldeterminants. Targeted education, peer intervention, and enhanced enforcement of vaping rules areneeded. This research completes a geographical gap and recommends a public health policy.

International Egyptian Journal of Nursing Sciences and Research

Kafr El Sheikh University, Faculty of Nursing


The Effects of Eyestalk Ablation on the Androgenic Gland and the Male Reproductive Organs in the Kuruma Prawn <i>Marsupenaeus japonicus</i>

Abstract: Insulin-like androgenic gland factor (IAG) is considered a key regulator of male sexual differentiation and maturation in decapod crustaceans. In several species, IAG expression is thought to be negatively regulated by the eyestalk, as demonstrated by eyestalk ablation (ESA) experiments. In the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus, however, the upstream regulatory mechanisms of IAG (Maj-IAG) remain largely unclear. In the present study, males of different body sizes were subjected to ESA to elucidate these mechanisms. Bilateral ESA induced upregulation of Maj-IAG expression from day 7 onward, whereas unilateral ESA did not. Moreover, enhanced development of male reproductive organs and hypertrophy of the androgenic gland were observed from day 7 after bilateral ESA. These findings indicate that Maj-IAG is regulated by eyestalk-derived factor(s), supporting the presence of an eyestalk–androgenic gland endocrine axis in M. japonicus. By contrast, the expression of Maj-Dsx2, a homolog of doublesex (Dsx) that has recently been proposed as an upstream regulator of IAG, did not show a consistent increase following bilateral ESA across all experiments, suggesting that the involvement of Maj-Dsx2 in this axis remains unclear. Overall, this study provides fundamental insights into the regulatory mechanisms of decapod male reproduction.

Takehiro Furukawa
Fumihiro Yamane
Takuji Okumura
Taeko Miyazaki
Naoaki Tsutsui


Topical Anesthesia and Olfactory Capability: A Pilot Study

Abstract: ABSTRACT Introduction Topical anesthesia (TA) of the nasal fossa has been shown to be sufficient for patient comfort during nasal endoscopy. However, investigators need to know how soon after the administration of TA they can accurately evaluate olfactory capability. Thus, the main aim of this study was to assess, in healthy volunteers (HV), when the effects of TA wear off to accurately measure olfactory capability after its administration. Methods A prospective, single‐center, pilot study was conducted to evaluate the duration of the effect of TA on olfactory capability, using the UPSIT. Thirty healthy volunteers were recruited and analyzed. Following baseline testing (UPSIT), TA was administered intranasally (lidocaine + oxymetazoline). Then, participants underwent three additional UPSIT evaluations at distinct time points: immediately post‐application (T0), 10 min (T + 10), and 30 min post‐application (T + 30). The primary outcome was the change in UPSIT score from baseline to each subsequent time point. Paired t‐tests were applied to compare within‐subject score differences across time points. Significance was defined as p < 0.05, and the R software was used. Results For the 30 HV included, the mean UPSIT at T0 was 32.8 ± 3.1. At T1, the mean UPSIT (29.6 ± 4.0) was significantly lower than at T0 (3.13 ± 3.7‐point, p < 0.0001). At T2, the mean UPSIT was 31.7 ± 4.2, without any significant difference from T0 (−1.03 ± 3.5‐point, p = 0.350). At T3, the mean UPSIT was 31.7 ± 3.1, without any significant difference compared to T0 (−1.07 ± 2.6‐point, p = 0.067). Regarding subgroup analysis between healthy volunteers with or without ITH, their own perception of smell and UPSIT were significantly different. Conclusion Immediately after receiving 4 sprays per nostril, the mean UPSIT—with testing begun directly after the spray was administered—was significantly lower than baseline, dropping under the threshold for normal olfactory function. It was fully recovered by ten min. Level of Evidence 3.

Maxime Fieux
Esther Wang
David T. Liu
Zara M. Patel


Statistical Relations of The Agricultural Workforce in the Rural of Ramadi District

Abstract: Aims: This current study aimed to analyze the demographic characteristics of the agricultural workforce and demonstrate the impact of these characteristics on agricultural activity in terms of production and diversity. It also aimed to clarify the population distribution of the workforce according to demographic and economic indicators, and finally to evaluate its relationship with agricultural activities. Methodology: A descriptive and analytical approach was adopted, relying on statistical data available from official and field sources. The study also tried to determine the size of the workforce and its geographical, age, educational distribution, and analyze the extent of its contribution to agricultural activity. The correlation coefficient was used to measure the relationship between labor force characteristics and agricultural production indicators in the studied areas. Results: After analyzing all the gathered data, the results showed a positive correlation between the density of the agricultural workforce and the level of agricultural production in most of the studied areas, especially in areas with adequate infrastructure and agricultural services. It also showed that the productive age group of the workforce represents the highest percentage of those employed in this sector, in addition to the concentration of workers with limited education in traditional agricultural activities, which limits the expansion of modern methods. Conclusions: It can be concluded that workforce represents one of the fundamental pillars of agricultural sector development, and that improving its demographic and educational characteristics would contribute to increasing agricultural production efficiency significantly. The study emphasized the importance of supporting agricultural training programs and developing workers' skills in order to achieve optimal use of human resources in this vital sector.

Hind Waleed Farhan
Khalid Akbar Abdullah

مجلة جامعة الأنبار للعلوم الإنسانية

History of scholarship and learning. The humanities


Engaging Nurses in Effective Cost of Care Conversations to Address Cancer-Related Financial Toxicity: Results from an Exploratory Survey

Abstract: Few evidence-based trainings exist on how to equip healthcare providers, particularly nurses, with the skills to engage in cost of care conversations with patients/caregivers to mitigate the impact of cancer-related financial toxicity. This study evaluated a pilot training developed in collaboration with Triage Cancer<sup>®</sup> to prepare oncology nurses to identify and assist patients/caregivers facing financial and/or legal barriers to care. Ten pediatric oncology nurses completed the training and pre/post-surveys on behaviors related to financial and legal need screening, frequency and comfort level of answering questions, knowledge, and behavior changes, along with training evaluation questions. At baseline, six nurses reported never screening for financial needs and nine for legal needs. Following the training, seven nurses stated they were likely to screen for financial/legal needs. At six months post-training, nurses had referred 85 patients/caregivers to financial/legal navigation services. Comfort levels in answering financial/legal questions increased by 6.5 points and knowledge scores increased by 1.7 points post-training. Most nurses recommended this training to other healthcare providers who work with patients with cancer and their caregivers. This study highlights the importance of providing oncology nurses with resources to engage in cost of care conversations and oncology financial legal navigation programs to mitigate the impact of cancer-related financial toxicity.

Jean S. Edward
Amanda Thaxton Wiggins
Louis G. Baser
Haafsah Fariduddin
Joanna F. Doran
Monica F. Bryant
John A. D’Orazio
Kimberly D. Northrip


CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA IN INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE IS DIAGNOSED EARLIER, LEADING TO BETTER PROGNOSIS

Abstract: Introduction and Objectives: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) incidence and mortality are rising globally. Chronic liver diseases (CLD) are recognized risk factors. This study aimed to compare the clinical presentation and outcomes of CCA in patients with and without CLD, using data from the International CCA Registry. Patients and Methods: The international CCA Registry is a multicenter observational study enrolling cases from 54 centers across Latin America, Europe, and Asia (2010–2024). Results: Among 3,693 patients enrolled, 916 had CLD and 2,777 did not. Common CLD conditions were fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Compared to non-CLD patients, those with CLD were more often male (69% vs. 53%), younger at diagnosis (63 vs. 66 years), and had higher rates of metabolic risk factors, alcohol use, and smoking. Intrahepatic CCA was more frequent in CLD patients (64% vs. 43%), whereas distal CCA was more common in non-CLD cases (20% vs. 9%). CLD patients had better performance status (ECOG 0: 53% vs. 35%), lower CA19-9 levels (59.0 vs. 134.5 U/mL), and more localized disease (56% vs. 48%). Curative-intent surgery was more frequent in the CLD group (59% vs. 48%), translating into longer median overall survival (12.3 vs. 11.0 months) and higher 5-year survival (OR = 1.67; p < 0.001). The benefit was especially evident in intrahepatic CCA. Treatment responses were comparable between groups. Conclusions: CCA is diagnosed at earlier stages in individuals with CLD, likely due to certain clinical surveillance, leading to better prognosis. Prospective validation and standardized surveillance protocols are warrant.

Laura Izquierdo Sanchez
Julen Matin Robles
Jone Narbaiza
Angela Lamarca
Adelaida La Casta
Heinz-Josef Klümpen
Arun Valsan
Stephanie Roessler
Chiara Braconi
Leonardo G. da Fonseca
Cristina Dopazo
Trine Folseraas
Bas Groot Koerkamp
Domingo Balderramo
Mariano Ponz Sarvise
Javier Díaz Ferrer
Krzysztof Zieniewicz
Zeno Sparchez
Kirsten Utpatel
Markus Peck Radosavljevic
Alejandro Forner
Luis Bujanda
Jesus M. Banales


Lipid-mediated gating of a miniature mechanosensitive MscS channel from Trypanosoma cruzi

Abstract: Abstract The mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) from E. coli (EcMscS) has served as the prevailing model system for understanding mechanotransduction in ion channels. Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite causing Chagas disease, encodes a miniature MscS ortholog (TcMscS) critical for parasite development and infectivity. TcMscS contains a minimal portion of the canonical EcMscS fold yet maintains mechanosensitive channel activity, thus presenting a unique model system to assess the essential molecular determinants underlying mechanotransduction. Using cryo-electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that TcMscS contains two short membrane-embedded helices that would not fully cross an intact lipid bilayer. Consequently, drastic membrane deformation is induced at the protein-lipid interface, resulting in a funnel-shaped bilayer surrounding the channel. Resident lipids within the central pore lumen block ion permeation pathway, and their departure driven by lateral membrane tension is required for ion conduction. Together with electrophysiology and mutagenesis studies, our results support a direct lipid-mediated mechanical gating transition. Moreover, these findings provide a foundation for the development of alternative treatment of Chagas disease by inhibition of the TcMscS channel.

Jingying Zhang
Aashish Bhatt
Grigory Maksaev
Yun Lyna Luo
Peng Yuan


Use of Point-of-care Ultrasound for Placement of a Gastric Tamponade Balloon

Abstract: Case Presentation: A 30-year-old female with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis and esophageal varices presented with massive hematemesis. A gastric balloon tamponade device was subsequently placed to temporize variceal hemorrhage, and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) was used to confirm the appropriate placement of the gastric balloon before complete inflation. We describe a novel use of ultrasound for use in severely ill patients with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Discussion: A fluid-filled and distended stomach has long been recognized as a cause of a false-positive focused assessment with sonography in trauma exam but may also be a vital piece of information in the scenario of a patient with suspected upper GI hemorrhage. There is very little description in the literature of using POCUS to confirm the appropriate placement of a gastric tamponade balloon with none by emergency physicians.. Ultrasound may offer advantages over plain radiography in this application given its speed and safety; thus, its utility for this task is worth further investigation.

Patrick Minges
Martina Diaz McDermott
Jazmyn Shaw

Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine

eScholarship Publishing, University of California

Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid


Evaluation of Interleukin-10, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels, and Bone Marrow Parameters in Multiple Myeloma Patients at Diagnosis and After Treatment

Abstract: Background: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are believed to possess a role in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma (MM). We aimed to assess the significance of these parameters in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of the disease by examining them in patients at diagnosis and post-treatment and comparing the findings with those of healthy individuals. Methods: We conducted blood sampling from 35 patients diagnosed with MM at the time of diagnosis and from 15 of these patients post-treatment. We additionally assessed similar serum markers in a control group of 15 healthy individuals. Furthermore, we documented laboratory results, organ involvement, comorbidities, and CD27-CD81 levels assessed using flow cytometry in the bone marrow, along with treatments and patient responses. We also examined the quantity of cells collected during mobilization in patients who had autologous stem cell transplantation. Results: We found a positive correlation (p = 0.028/p = 0.035) between IL-10 and VEGF with the international staging score. In patients with renal involvement, IL-10 levels were higher and VEGF levels were lower than those without renal involvement (p = 0.011/p = 0.012). We showed that VEGF levels decreased significantly with treatment (p = 0.001). We found no statistically significant correlation between treatment responses and IL-10 and VEGF. The number of CD34 cells collected by mobilization showed a negative correlation with CD27 and a positive correlation with VEGF (p = 0.007/p = 0.032). Conclusions: Serum IL-10 level is associated with ISS and renal involvement in MM patients. There is a positive correlation between serum VEGF levels and the number of stem cells collected during mobilization. As CD27 expression increases, the number of stem cells collected in mobilization decreases.

Fulya Memis
Meryem Yalvac Kandefer
Sonay Aydin
Klara Dalva
Selami Kocak Toprak


Construction of the cancer patients’ database based on the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets for cancer epidemiology research

Abstract: Abstract Background The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset does not include a specific question or laboratory test to confirm a history of cancer diagnosis. However, if straightforward variables for cancer history are introduced, US NHANES could be effectively utilized in future cancer epidemiology studies. To address this gap, the authors developed a cancer patient database from the US NHANES datasets by employing multiple R programming codes. Methods To illustrate the practical application of this methodology to a real-world problem, the authors extracted the R codes applied in an academic paper published in another journal on January 30th, 2024 ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24337 ). This paper will focus on the construction of the database and analysis using R codes. Entire. Results In the first example, the urine concentration of monocarboxynonyl phthalate, monocarboxyoctyl phthalate, mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate, and mono-2-hydroxy-iso-butyl phthalate (all ng/mL) were used as the independent variable, instead of the serum concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), respectively. In the second example, the serum concentration of 2,3,3’,4,4’-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB105), 2,3,4,4´,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB114), 2,3’,4,4’,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118), and 2,2’,3,4,4’,5’- and 2,3,3’,4,4’,6-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB138) were used as the independent variable, instead of the serum concentration of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA, respectively. Discussion This research offers a comprehensive set of R codes aimed at creating a single, user-friendly variable that encapsulates the history of each type of cancer while also considering the age at which the diagnosis was made. The US NHANES provides a wealth of critical data on environmental toxicant exposures. By employing these R codes, researchers can potentially discover numerous new associations between environmental toxicant exposures and cancer diagnoses. Ultimately, these codes could significantly advance the field of cancer epidemiology in relation to environmental toxicant exposure.


Comparative Analysis of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Root Proximity to the Mandibular Canal using Orthopantomography and Cone-beam Computed Tomography Imaging Modalities: A Pilot Study

Abstract:
Introduction:
Fully detect risks of nerve damage, which can lead to temporary or permanent issues. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers a three-dimensional (3D) view, providing more detailed visualisation of anatomical structures and their spatial relationships, which improves the accuracy of predicting nerve exposure. The study aims to evaluate and compare these imaging techniques’ effectiveness in categorising the relationship between third molars and the inferior alveolar canal, emphasising the importance of precise imaging for safer surgical outcomes.
Materials and Methods:
A pilot study involving 20 patients, representing 10% of the total sample size of 200, was conducted at Ahmedabad Dental College’s Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. Investigators, trained to interpret radiological images from orthopantomography (OPG) and CBCT, compared their interpretations with those of two experts. A high inter-rater reliability was confirmed with a kappa statistic of 0.98. Following ethical approval, data were retrospectively collected from 20 cases, with digital OPG and CBCT images analysed and classified according to established criteria.
Results:
The results revealed a significant association between the results diagnosed through OPG and CBCT indicating similarity in their diagnosis. It was also seen that there was no bias towards the gender and the distribution was similar in case of diagnosis through OPG or CBCT.
Conclusion:
CBCT demands an in-depth understanding of anatomy and pathology, coupled with proficiency in operating imaging software and the ability to identify abnormalities in cross-sectional images. When executed and interpreted accurately, CBCT proves to be an exceptionally valuable tool in clinical dental practice. Its detailed 3D imaging capabilities enhance the assessment of complex cases, such as those involving intricate anatomical structures and pathologies. By providing comprehensive views that surpass traditional two-dimensional imaging, CBCT aids in precise diagnosis and treatment planning, making it an indispensable resource for addressing various dental conditions effectively.

Jigar Joshi
Bhavin Dudhia
Dhaval Mehta
Niral Thaker
Hitesh Patel


Topographic, pachymetric and epithelial thickness distribution patterns in clinically unaffected fellow eyes of patients with asymmetric keratoconus

Abstract: Purpose: To compare topographic, pachymetric and epithelial distribution patterns of clinically unaffected fellow eyes of patients with asymmetric keratoconus (AKC) with those of normal controls and keratoconic fellow eyes. Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center, in which twenty-five clinically unaffected fellow eyes in patients with AKC were compared to 25 keratoconic fellow eyes and 67 normal controls. Pachymetric and epithelial thicknesses in the central 2 mm and 8 octants in the 2–5 mm and 5–7 mm zones were compared using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SDOCT). Scheimpflug derived topography was also compared. Results: Mean simulated keratometry of fellow eyes (43.6D ± 1.34 D) was comparable to that of control eyes (43.85D ± 1.57 D) (p > 0.99) and less than that of keratoconic eyes (47.08D ± 4.62 D) (p = 0.004). Central corneal and epithelial thicknesses of fellow eyes (474.28 ± 40.27 μm, 52.76 ± 7.45 μm, respectively) were less than in control eyes (505.97 ± 30.12 μm, 60.48 ± 8.37 μm) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively) but comparable to those of keratoconic eyes (470.48 ± 44.19 μm, 52.48 ± 8.00 μm) (p > 0.99). Pachymetric differences of radially opposite octants in the 2–5 mm zone demonstrated thinning in the inferior and inferotemporal octants of fellow eyes which was greater than that seen in control eyes (p = 0.017 and 0.04, respectively) Conclusion: Reduced central epithelial thickness and greater pachymetric differences in radially opposite octants of the mid-peripheral cornea may be suggestive of susceptibility to ectasia despite normal topography.

Rajneesh Dhiman
Barkha Gupta
Arun Kumar Jain
Amit Gup
Jagat Ram
Chintan Malhotra


Anti-ceramide antibody and sphingosine-1-phosphate as potential biomarkers of unresectable non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract: ObjectivesSpingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramides are bioactive sphingolipids that influence cancer cell fate. Anti-ceramide antibodies might inhibit the effects of ceramide. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of circulating S1P and anti-ceramide antibody as biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe recruited 66 subjects (34 controls and 32 patients with NSCLC). Patient history and clinical variables were taken from all participants. Venous blood samples were collected to evaluate plasma biomarkers. If bronchoscopy was performed, bronchial washing fluid (BWF) was also analyzed. We measured the levels of S1P and anti-ceramide antibody with ELISA.ResultsS1P levels were significantly higher in the NSCLC group (3770.99 ± 762.29 ng/mL vs. 366.53 ± 249.38 ng/mL, patients with NSCLC vs. controls, respectively, p < 0.001). Anti-ceramide antibody levels were significantly elevated in the NSCLC group (278.70 ± 19.26 ng/mL vs. 178.60 ± 18 ng/mL, patients with NSCLC vs. controls, respectively, p = 0.007). Age or BMI had no significant effect on anti-ceramide antibody or S1P levels. BWF samples had higher levels of anti-ceramide antibody (155.29 ± 27.58 ng/mL vs. 105.87 ± 9.99 ng/mL, patients with NSCLC vs. controls, respectively, p < 0.001). Overall survival (OS) was 13.36 months. OS was not affected by anti-ceramide antibody or S1P levels.ConclusionHigher levels of S1P and anti-ceramide antibody were associated with active cancer. These results suggest that sphingolipid alterations might be important features of NSCLC.

Lilla Bűdi
Dániel Hammer
Rita Varga
Veronika Müller
Ádám Domonkos Tárnoki
Dávid László Tárnoki
Martina Mészáros
András Bikov
András Bikov
Péter Horváth


Interacting roles of gut microbiota and T cells in the development of autoimmune hepatitis

Abstract: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive liver inflammatory disease mediated by an autoimmune response, with an increasing incidence rate. In severe cases, AIH will rapidly progress to liver cirrhosis and liver failure and even lead to death. The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that significantly regulates physiological and pathological processes among various digestive system diseases. It is widely acknowledged that there is a critical correlation between AIH and the gut microbiota. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the composition of gut microbiota in individuals with AIH differs markedly from that of healthy subjects. Immune cells, especially T cells, are pivotal in the development of AIH, closely interacting with the gut microbiota. In this review, we discuss the regulatory role of the gut microbiota in T cell-mediated development of AIH, as well as the effect of T cells on the composition of the gut microbiota in AIH. By modulating gut microbiota or immunity pathways, novel opportunities are provided to regulate the balance of the immune-microbial microenvironment, targeting the dual factor for autoimmune hepatitis therapies.

Qingwei Wu
Zhifa Ge
Chengyu Lv
Qifeng He


Application of biologically active substances in agriculture preparations

Abstract: High-quality, naturally protected seeds prior to sowing, along with growth activation of seedlings, represent a promising approach to stabilising crop yield and quality. Enhancing plant resistance to dynamic environmental stresses, including harmful organisms, is one of the strategies for realising the biological potential of crop yields in breeding and seed production. This research aimed to experimentally evaluate a preparation based on humic substances, film formers, a nanocomposite, succinic acid, and microbiological carotene. Experiments were conducted using spring barley and wheat seeds. A seed encrustation technology employing a functional preparation was applied. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted at V. Dokuchaev Kharkiv National Agrarian University, Department of Plant Growing, over two years. The experimental design and economic efficiency assessment of the functional preparation in enhancing yield was carried out according to established methodologies. Pre-sowing seed treatment with the preparation resulted in improved field germination, synchronised seedling emergence, and increased yield. Comprehensive studies revealed that the preparation was compatible with fungicides, demonstrating a synergistic effect of their joint protective effect. Experimental results confirmed that seed incrustation with protective and stimulating formulations based on water-soluble polymers is an effective method for protecting plants from seed- and soil-borne infections while reducing the level of environmental pollution. The extended and enhanced fungicidal activity of film-forming protective and stimulating compositions was also demonstrated. Agricultural production tests indicated that the developed preparation was user-friendly, environmentally safe, and economically efficient, contributing to increased crop yields. The positive test results support practical recommendations for its application in both seed encrustation and grain crop spraying during the tillering and milky-wax ripeness phases

L. Krychkovska
M. Bobro
G. Birta
S. Karpushyna
Yu. Grytzaenko

Рослинництво та ґрунтознавство

National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine


A feature selection and scoring scheme for dimensionality reduction in a machine learning task

Abstract: Selection of important features is very vital in machine learning tasks involving high-dimensional dataset with large features. It helps in reducing the dimensionality of a dataset and improving model performance. Most of the feature selection techniques have restriction in the kind of dataset to be used. This study proposed a feature selection technique that is based on statistical lift measure to select important features from a dataset. The proposed technique is a generic approach that can be used in any binary classification dataset. The technique successfully determined the most important feature subset and outperformed the existing techniques. The proposed technique was tested on lungs cancer dataset and happiness classification dataset. The effectiveness of the proposed technique in selecting important features subset was evaluated and compared with other existing techniques, namely Chi-Square, Pearson Correlation and Information Gain. Both the proposed and the existing techniques were evaluated on five machine learning models using four standard evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score. The experimental results of the proposed technique on lung cancer dataset shows that logistic regression, decision tree, adaboost, gradient boost and random forest produced a predictive accuracy of 0.919%, 0.935%, 0.919%, 0.935% and 0.935% respectively, and that of happiness classification dataset produced a predictive accuracy of 0.758%, 0.689%, 0.724%, 0.655% and 0.689% on random forest, k-nearest neighbor, decision tree, gradient boost and cat boost respectively, which outperformed the existing techniques.

PHILEMON UTEN EMMOH
christopher  ifeanyi Eke
Timothy Moses

Journal of Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences


Sedative-hypnotic drug use and risk of falls and fractures in elderly patients: a cross-sectional study

Abstract: Abstract Background Falls are a leading cause of injury, hospitalization, and mortality among older adults. Sedative-hypnotic medications, especially benzodiazepines and Z-drugs, have been implicated as potential contributors to fall risk and fracture. This study investigated the prevalence of sedative-hypnotic drug use in elderly patients with falls and its association with fracture outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients aged ≥ 60 years presenting with falls to Rasool Akram Hospital, Tehran (2023–2024). Demographics, comorbidities, and medication history were extracted from medical records. Sedative-hypnotic use was recorded, and outcomes included fracture occurrence confirmed by imaging. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. Results Among 200 patients (mean age 73 ± 8 years; 65.5% female), 55.5% sustained a fracture. Sedative-hypnotic use was identified in 15.5% (n = 31). Fracture prevalence was higher in sedative users compared to non-users (74% vs. 52%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). Benzodiazepines were the most commonly used class (15.5%). Losartan use was more frequent in fracture patients (29.7% vs. 12.4%) and showed a significant association in logistic regression (OR 3.28; 95% CI: 1.48–7.26; p = 0.003). Conclusions Sedative-hypnotic use was common among elderly patients presenting with falls; although fracture risk was higher in users, the association did not reach statistical significance, likely due to limited sample size. The observed link between losartan and fractures should be interpreted cautiously and warrants further investigation. Medication review remains a critical component of fall-prevention strategies in geriatric care.

Mohammad Hossein Imani
Amir Hossein Imani
Amirhossein Saem
Maryam Niksolat