Impact of Geriatric Assessment and Management on Quality of Life, Unplanned Hospitalizations, Toxicity, and Survival for Older Adults With Cancer: The Randomized 5C Trial

Abstract: PURPOSE American Society of Clinical Oncology recommends that older adults with cancer being considered for chemotherapy receive geriatric assessment (GA) and management (GAM), but few randomized controlled trials have examined its impact on quality of life (QOL). PATIENTS AND METHODS The 5C study was a two-group parallel 1:1 single-blind multicenter randomized controlled trial of GAM for 6 months versus usual oncologic care. Eligible patients were age 70+ years, diagnosed with a solid tumor, lymphoma, or myeloma, referred for first-/second-line chemotherapy or immunotherapy or targeted therapy, and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2. The primary outcome QOL was measured with the global health scale of the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer QOL questionnaire and analyzed with a pattern mixture model using an intent-to-treat approach (at 6 and 12 months). Secondary outcomes included functional status, grade 3-5 treatment toxicity; health care use; satisfaction; cancer treatment plan modification; and overall survival. RESULTS From March 2018 to March 2020, 350 participants were enrolled. Mean age was 76 years and 40.3% were female. Fifty-four percent started treatment with palliative intent. Eighty-one (23.1%) patients died. GAM did not improve QOL (global QOL of 4.4 points [95% CI, 0.9 to 8.0] favoring the control arm). There was also no difference in survival, change in treatment plan, unplanned hospitalization/emergency department visits, and treatment toxicity between groups. CONCLUSION GAM did not improve QOL. Most intervention group participants received GA on or after treatment initiation per patient request. Considering recent completed trials, GA may have benefit if completed before treatment selection. The COVID-19 pandemic may have affected our QOL outcome and intervention delivery for some participants.


Current Status of Human Papillomavirus–Targeted Therapies Development in Head and Neck Cancer

Abstract: PURPOSE While the incidence of smoking-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been declining, that of human papillomavirus (HPV)–mediated HNSCC has rapidly increased in the past decades worldwide. Despite rapid advances in therapeutics for solid tumors with novel immunotherapy and targeted therapeutic agents, no breakthroughs have yet been made in the treatment of advanced HPV+ HNSCCs. This review aims to summarize the concepts and designs, early trial results, and future directions of various HPV-targeted experimental therapeutics for HPV+ HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, a systemic literature search of PubMed was conducted for HPV-targeted therapeutics using the following search terms: HPV, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and therapy. For clinical trial data, publications, major oncology conference abstracts, and the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov) information were reviewed. This review focused on the ones that are in the clinical stage and currently in active ongoing evaluation. The therapeutics not actively evaluated in HNSCC, in the preclinical stage, or terminated for further development were excluded. RESULTS Diverse approaches are being actively explored to target HPV+ HNSCC, including therapeutic vaccines of various modalities, HPV-specific immune cell–activating agents, and adaptive cellular therapeutics. All these novel agents use immune-based mechanisms and target constitutively expressed oncogenic HPV E6 and/or E7 viral proteins. Most therapeutics demonstrated excellent safety but single-agent activities are only modest. Many are being tested in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. CONCLUSION Our review summarized various novel HPV-targeted therapeutics that are in the clinical phase for HPV+ HNSCC. Early-phase trial data suggest the feasibility and promising efficacy. Further strategies, including selecting the optimal combination and understanding and overcoming resistant mechanisms, are warranted for successful development.


Efficacy and safety of aumolertinib combined with or without chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment for stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer following complete tumour resection: The first third-generation EGFR-TKI versus chemotherapy phase III clinical study (APEX).

Abstract: TPS8117 Background: Patients with stage II-III A non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can benefit from adjuvant targeted therapy. ADAURA study shows a remarkable advantage of disease-free survival (DFS). However, there are still unresolved clinical issues. Firstly, the control group in the trial is received placebo, making it impossible to directly compare the efficacy of adjuvant targeted therapy with the traditionally recommended adjuvant chemotherapy in guidelines. Thus, it cannot address the direct comparison of third-generation TKIs with the current standard therapy (chemotherapy). Secondly, the necessity of combining chemotherapy with adjuvant targeted therapy need to explored. Aumolertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor- tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) that potently and selectively inhibits EGFR sensitizing and EGFR T790M resistance mutations. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of aumolertinib combined with or without chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment for EGFR-sensitive mutations stage II-III A non-squamous NSCLC patients. Methods: This is a multicenter, randomized, open label, phase III study. Patients with histologically confirmed stage II-III A non-squamous NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations without prior EGFR TKI treatment and R0 resection are eligible for this study. The performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) is 0 or 1. This trial prepared to enroll approximately 606 patients, will be randomized (3:2:1) to receive either aumolertinib alone (110mg, po, once daily) or aumolertinib (110mg, po, once daily) plus pemetrexed (500mg/m2, iv) and cisplatin (500mg/m2, iv) or pemetrexed (500mg/m2, iv) plus cisplatin (500mg/m2, iv). The first patient was enrolled on August 2, 2021. The primary end point is DFS, The secondary endpoints include 2, 3, 4, 5-year DFS rates, 5-year overall survival (OS), OS, safety and quality of life. Adverse effects were graded per CTCAE v.4.0. This trial is registered as NCT04762459. Clinical trial information: NCT04762459 .


Monetary Policy and Inflation Targeting: The Effectiveness of Central Bank Interventions

Abstract: Central banks throughout the world have adopted inflation targeting as their main policy goal in the last several decades, drastically altering monetary policy—a pillar of economic management. the complex interplay between monetary policy, central bank interventions and measures for controlling inflation, and the success or failure of inflation targeting as a whole. This research aims to shed light on the extent to which central bank operations impact inflation results and the larger economic environment by conducting a thorough review of empirical evidence, case studies, and theoretical frameworks.

International Journal for Research Publication and Seminar


ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE TRANSMISSION MECHANISM OF THE MONETARY POLICY OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN TARGETING INFLATION

Фундаментальные исследования (Fundamental research)


Monetary Policy Challenges and Central Bank Independence in Uzbekistan’s Inflation Targeting Transition

Abstract:
This article examines second language learning ability by analyzing second language development. It also examines the age factor in learning a language other than the mother tongue and attempts to clarify whether there is currently sufficient evidence to show that young people undergo real changes in their language skills.. Research such as inspiration for the learning climate, as well as exposure and behavior in the language will also be addressed and data analyzed to assess if they play an essential role in encouraging students to achieve effective second language skills. It was widely known to create a big improvement in language learning when you are young to study a second language. However, the findings show that this is not completely applicable in all situations, provided that other considerations such as language sensitivity and enthusiasm influence the effective accomplishment of second-language learning. If vocabulary is lacking, therefore this could discourage students from studying the language effectively. However, it is worth noting that factors such as motivation and exposure play a more important role in the learning stage than the aging factor. This empowers the learner because, regardless of his age, it is extremely important for him to be motivated enough and have enough language exposure from the beginning.
Highlights:

Analyzes second language development and age factor in language learning.
Highlights motivation, exposure, and behavior's impact on effective language skills.
Motivation and exposure outweigh age in successful second-language acquisition.

Keywords: Uzbekistan, Inflation Targeting, Monetary Policy, Central Bank Independence, Monetary Policy Transmission, Financial System Health


The Function and Effect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Central Bank Monetary Policy Decision Making, Inflation Prediction, and Economic Forecasting

International Research Journal of Education and Technology

https://www.irjweb.com/The Function and Effect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Central Bank Monetary Policy Decision-Making, Inflation Prediction, and Economic Forecasting.pdf


Hawkish shift in Ghana’s central bank’s monetary policy reaction function: a fiscal connection

Abstract: ABSTRACT This study examines Ghana’s central bank’s monetary policy under Ghana’s inflation-targeting (IT) monetary policy regime since 2002. We find that Ghana’s central bank pursued a passive monetary policy under the unofficial IT monetary policy regime and hence cannot explain the decline in Ghana’s inflation rate during this period. We also find that Ghana’s central bank switched its monetary policy from passive to active under the official IT monetary policy framework, and hence cannot also explain Ghana’s rising inflation rate observed during this period. We provide evidence suggesting that Ghana’s central bank’s policy change might have been influenced by fiscal factors.

Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies


THE IMPACT OF CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY (CBDC) VOLATILITY ON MONETARY POLICY EFFICIENCY IN FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND INVESTMENT

Abstract: This paper explores the impact of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) volatility on the efficiency of monetary policy, focusing on its role in financial inclusion and investment. As the world increasingly embraces digital currencies, central banks are exploring the potential benefits and risks associated with CBDCs. Volatility in CBDCs may have significant implications for the effectiveness of monetary policy, potentially influencing inflation control, interest rates, and economic stability. Moreover, CBDCs' introduction could either enhance or hinder financial inclusion by providing new opportunities for unbanked populations or exacerbating existing disparities. The paper reviews existing literature on CBDCs, highlighting key findings on their volatility and its effects on policy formulation. Furthermore, it assesses how volatility may impact investment decisions, both in terms of risk perception and market behavior. By examining the intersection of monetary policy, financial inclusion, and investment, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of CBDCs' potential in shaping modern economies. It is critical for policymakers to consider the dynamic nature of CBDC volatility when designing strategies for effective financial inclusion and sustainable investment. The paper concludes by identifying gaps in the current literature and proposing future research directions to further explore CBDC's impact on global economic systems. Ultimately, this review underscores the importance of mitigating volatility to maximize CBDCs' benefits in fostering inclusive economic growth.

Journal of Social and Economics Research


Navigating Ghana’s monetary policy evolution and the potential of central bank digital currencies

Abstract: This study investigates the evolution of monetary policy in Ghana and explores the potential of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), specifically the e-Cedi, as a tool to enhance financial inclusion and modernize the country’s financial system. Ghana’s monetary policy framework has undergone significant transformations since the establishment of the Bank of Ghana in 1957, with notable achievements in stabilizing the economy and managing inflation. However, large segments of the population, particularly in rural areas, remain unbanked or underbanked, highlighting the limitations of traditional monetary tools. The introduction of the e-Cedi presents an opportunity to bridge these gaps by providing secure, efficient, and accessible financial services to underserved communities. The study employs a qualitative research design, integrating historical analysis, case studies, and thematic analysis to assess the potential benefits and challenges of CBDCs in Ghana. Key findings indicate that while the e-Cedi could significantly enhance financial inclusion, challenges related to technological infrastructure, cybersecurity, and public trust must be addressed. The study concludes that a balanced approach, which prioritizes digital infrastructure development, strong cybersecurity measures, and collaboration with financial institutions, is essential for maximizing the potential of CBDCs in Ghana. Recommendations for future research include a deeper exploration of the impact of CBDCs on financial stability and further analysis of rural adoption barriers.

Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development

Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development


Considerations on the Monetary Policy Framework of the European Central Bank

Abstract: This working paper offers some considerations on the monetary policy framework of the European Central Bank. The trade-offs arising from adopting a point target configuration over a range target one are assessed in terms of their flexibility vs. inflation anchoring properties. This layout is then confronted with the policy framework in use in the euro area prior to the adoption of the new monetary strategy, which is interpreted as leaning on the side of flexibility. The increased likelihood of dis-anchoring of long-term inflation expectations experienced in the euro area since 2013, however, suggests that the policy framework could benefit from a rebalancing towards a formulation with stronger anchoring properties. The inflation aim of the ECB could thus be reformulated with the introduction of a symmetric 2%-point target. By evaluating this arrangement in terms of the price stability definition, two regions emerge where either the policy aim (symmetric 2%-point target) or the price stability definition (between 0% and 2%) are satisfied, but not both. To avoid any inconsistency in the policy framework, an inflation aim centred at 2% requires an amendment of the price stability definition. JEL Classification: E42, E52, E58


linear approach to estimating the impact of the central bank independence on the effectiveness of monetary policy in Algeria for the period (1990–2021)

Abstract: Theoretically, delegating monetary policy to a central bank independent of political interference leads to lower inflation. In this paper, we empirically study the impact of central bank independence on the effectiveness of monetary policy (in achieving price stability) in Algeria for the period (1990–2021), using the ARDL model. Our results suggest that central bank independence and democracy have a significant negative impact on inflation. Moreover, we find that the term interaction (between CBI and democracy) has the strongest impact (negative significant) on inflation. The findings support the hypothesis that improving democracy will increase CBI degrees and boost the effectiveness of monetary policy in Algeria.


Anti-crisis purpose of the monetary policy instruments of the Central bank of Russia

Abstract: Introduction. The article examines the anti-crisis orientation of the instruments used by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in order to stabilize the national economy in 2023 and achieve the target inflation rate of 4% in 2024. Goal. The article is devoted to the study of the problems of the functioning of the financial system of the Russian Federation during the period of sanctions pressure from the United States and EU countries. Materials and methods. The study is based on the consideration of theoretical and applied aspects of monetary policy pursued by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in the context of the economic crisis that began in February 2022. The methodology of the study of the problems of interaction between the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and financial institutions is characterized by an integrated approach to assessing its results, which change under the influence of the unfriendly behavior of these countries in monetary policy and other information sources. Results and discussion. The article proves that the increase in inflation in Russia was caused by the crisis that arose due to the economic sanctions of the EU and the United States applied to our country, as well as an imbalance in the supply and demand of funds in the domestic market of working capital. This state of affairs requires the timely use of effective monetary policy instruments of the Central Bank of Russia. The proposals for the implementation of the monetary policy of the Russian Federation in the situation of deviation of the inflation rate from its target value are presented. Conclusion. The conclusions and generalizations of the study can be used to develop strategies that help offset the negative consequences of the global crisis and return the Russian economy to the basic scenario of its development, taking into account the target inflation rate of 4%. The scientific significance of the article lies in the theoretical understanding of the anti-crisis orientation of the monetary policy instruments pursued by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in the sanctions environment. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that its provisions can be used in the process of developing programs for the development of the financial system of the Russian Federation.

Вестник Северо-Кавказского федерального университета


Effectiveness of Institutional Monetary Instruments at the Disposal of the Polish Central Bank (NBP). Experiences of the NBP’s Two Years of Struggle Against Inflation

Abstract: The aim of the article is to attempt to answer three research questions: Was it inevitable that inflation would reach such a high (peak and cumulative) level in Poland? Can the fall in the level of inflation in Poland to the level of the European Union average be considered a real and sustainable success of NBP actions? In the struggle with inflation, did the NBP use all the institutional monetary instruments at its disposal? Methodology: The following methodological assumptions were adopted in the process of presentation, analysis and assessment of institutional monetary instruments. Firstly, as a methodological research requirement, I adopted the recommendation (method of analysis) of Kenneth J. Arrow, according to which analysis of the flow of money provides more information than any other analysis. Secondly, I assessed only the effectiveness of monetary policy instruments in accordance with the methodological assumption, according to which the veracity of statements (the applied monetary instruments) only makes sense in the context of the adopted assumptions (the causes of inflation), whose a priori falsehood determines the falsehood of theories or models (the effectiveness of combatting inflation). Results: The article conducts an analytical and synthetic assessment of the effectiveness of institutional monetary instruments used by the NBP. Implications and recommendations: The analysis provides the basis for presenting recommended changes to the strategy for combatting inflation in the future. Originality/Value: Author’s critical analysis of the effectiveness of the NBP’s use of monetary instruments in the fight against inflation.


Account of the monetary policy meeting of the Governing Council of the European Central Bank held in Frankfurt am Main on Wednesday and Thursday, 26-27 July 2023


INFLATION TARGETING AND POLICY DIVERGENCE: AN ANALYSIS OF CENTRAL BANK RESPONSES TO GLOBAL ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY

Abstract: Inflation targeting has emerged as a pivotal strategy in central banking, particularly in the face of global economic uncertainty. This study examines the responses of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Federal Reserve System (Fed) in the United States, and the Central Bank of Bangladesh to the challenges posed by fluctuating global economic conditions. By analyzing monetary policy decisions, inflation trends, and economic outcomes in these three countries, the research highlights the divergence in central bank strategies despite a shared objective of maintaining price stability. The findings reveal that while the RBI and the Fed have adopted more flexible approaches, often adjusting inflation targets in response to domestic and international pressures, the Central Bank of Bangladesh has adhered to a more rigid framework. This divergence underscores the complex interplay between global economic forces and domestic policy objectives. The study’s implications suggest that central banks need to continuously adapt their strategies to account for both global uncertainties and domestic economic realities. Future research could explore the long-term effects of these divergent strategies on economic growth and financial stability, as well as investigate how emerging markets can enhance their resilience to external shocks while pursuing inflation targeting.

ShodhKosh Journal of Visual and Performing Arts

ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts


Can Central Bank Credibility Improve Monetary Policy? A Meta-Analysis

Abstract: We bring together the largest meta-analysis ever conducted in the macroeconomic literature to investigate the effects of central bank credibility on monetary policy. With nearly 1,200 surveyed effects, we first confirm that: (i) conventional policy significantly affects inflation and output, and (ii) unconventional policy significantly affects capital flows and the exchange rate. We next evaluate if different measures of credibility amplify these effects. Our findings indicate that central bank transparency has the largest payoff, as it increases policy effectiveness by 69% when dealing with foreign exchange intervention, by 59% when dealing with capital inflows, and by 14% when dealing with conventional policy. An alternative measure, medium and long-term anchoring in inflation expectations, is the runner up, increasing effectiveness by 31%, 9%, and 10%, respectively. Other measures, such as central bank independence and short-term anchoring in inflation expectations have lower and in some cases null effects.


Distinguished fellow lecture: monetary policy and the benefits and limits of central bank independence

Abstract: Central bank independence is an important development in macroeconomics. It has become a lynchpin of modern central banking. The period since the Global Financial Crisis and the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic era posed new challenges for central banks, with potential implications for central bank independence. This paper reviews the scope and rationale for central bank independence and the reasons it spread internationally after the 1980s. It reviews evidence of the effects of central bank independence on inflation, output volatility, financial stability and fiscal policy. The paper considers political threats and contemporary policy issues that could influence the form of central bank independence and credibility. These issues include matters relating to assessments of monetary policy during the pandemic, the scope of central bank mandates, interpretations of inflation dynamics, the funding of central bank operations, and the interaction between fiscal and monetary policy.


Meeting of 9-10 March 2022 Account of the monetary policy meeting of the Governing Council of the European Central Bank held in Frankfurt am Main on Wednesday and Thursday, 9-10


Beware of Pitfalls in the European Central Bank’s Review of Monetary Policy Strategy

Abstract: Abstract The long-awaited Review of Monetary Policy Strategy of the European Central Bank has been released. According to the Governing Council, “price stability is best maintained by aiming for 2% inflation over the medium term”, with “symmetric commitment” to this target. “Symmetry means that the Governing Council considers negative and positive deviations from this target as equally undesirable”. This orientation seems contrarian to the view, expressed by some dissenting scholars, that 2% should be set as a ceiling, and that persistent inflation below 2% observed over the last decade was to be adopted as the “new normal”. The aim of this paper is not to examine and assess the new policy strategy of the ECB per se, but to warn about pitfalls in detecting undesirable (expectation-driven) deviations of inflation from target versus permanent changes in the ouput-inflation relationship.


Macroeconomics Adjustments in Southeast Asia: Inflation, Monetary Policy, and Economic Resilience

Abstract: This paper analyzes macroeconomic adjustments in Southeast Asia, emphasizing inflation dynamics, monetary policy, and economic resilience in ASEAN countries. Inflation, propelled by supply chain disruptions, fluctuating commodity prices, and global economic shocks, impedes economic progress and diminishes household purchasing power throughout the region. The research employs a mixed-methods approach to analyze data from ASEAN central banks, World Bank, and IMF reports, investigating the relationship between inflation trends, economic growth, and monetary and fiscal actions. Findings indicate modest inflation stability in Indonesia and Malaysia, in contrast to pronounced inflationary surges in Lao PDR and Myanmar, which impede growth and diminish buying power. Adaptive monetary policies, exemplified by Malaysia’s exchange rate systems, alongside fiscal measures like targeted subsidies in Vietnam, have demonstrated efficacy in controlling inflation and enhancing resilience. Nonetheless, structural inefficiencies and regional inequities endure, underscoring the necessity for coordinated ASEAN policies. The results correspond with current literature, highlighting inflation-targeting frameworks and monetary independence but revealing distinct issues in nations with limited economic diversification. This report advocates for more regional collaboration, flexible monetary policies, and economic diversification to secure sustained growth and stability in the face of changing global challenges. The results inform policymaking initiatives for sustainable economic development in Southeast Asia.

Global Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research


Monetary Policy and Inflation Dynamics in Nigeria: A Bayesian DSGE Approach

Abstract: This study examines monetary policy shock and inflation dynamics in Nigeria within an open economy Bayesian DSGE model framework, employing data from 2000Q1 to 2023Q1. It applies different price measures across the pre-COVID/Russia-Ukraine war era and the entire sample. Findings reveal a significant impact of monetary policy shock on inflation, irrespective of the price measure adopted. Remarkably, the results also reveal a marginal decline in the potency of monetary policy in the COVID/Russisa-Ukraine War era, compared to the pre- COVID/Russisa-Ukraine War era. The study recommends the adoption of GDP deflator as the measure of inflation that anchors inflation expectations as it is most responsive to monetary policy innovations. It also recommends complementing monetary policy with supply-side policies when faced with inflationary pressures occasioned by supply chain disruptions.

Central Bank of Nigeria Journal of Applied Statistics


Inflation Disagreement Weakens the Power of Monetary Policy

Abstract: Households often disagree in their inflation outlooks. We present novel empirical evidence that inflation disagreement weakens the power of forward guidance and conventional monetary policy. These empirical observations can be rationalized by a model featuring heterogeneous beliefs about the central banks’ inflation target. An agent who perceives higher future inflation also perceives a lower real interest rate and thus would like to borrow more to finance consumption, subject to borrowing constraints. Higher inflation disagreement would lead to a larger share of borrowing-constrained agents, resulting in more sluggish responses of aggregate consumption to changes in both current and expected future interest rates. This mechanism also provides a microeconomic foundation for Euler equation discounting that helps resolve the forward guidance puzzle.

Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Working Paper Series


Does Central Bank Transparency Matter for Inflation: Role of Inflation Targeting

Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between central bank transparency and inflation for six inflation targeting (IT) and ten non-inflation targeting (non-IT) Asian economies. The propensity score matching and panel regression model are employed in the study. The empirical analysis shows that IT enhances central bank transparency. Further, we find that central bank transparency in IT significantly lowers inflation, suggesting that countries promoting greater monetary policy transparency can have a better advantage of experiencing low inflation. Our findings have policy implications for central banks in developing economies that are grappling with low transparency


Central Bank Independence and Inflation Under Asymmetric Information: Delegation vs. Seesaw Effects

Abstract: Abstract Recent empirical research finds little or mixed evidence in favour of a negative relationship between central bank independence and inflation. In this paper, we construct a theory where the relationship between inflation and central bank independence depends on the extent of informational asymmetry regarding the government’s efficiency in its provision of public goods and also provide some empirical support for it. In the theoretical part of the paper, we introduce the degree of central bank independence as a fixed cost that is paid when the government (whose objective is to minimize output gap via inflation or costly fiscal expansion) rejects the monetary policy proposal of the central bank (which aims to minimize inflation) and determines both fiscal and monetary policies itself. Government efficiency in providing public goods, i.e. the cost of fiscal expansion, is the private information and the source of informational asymmetry in our model. In this setting, increasing the fixed cost of rejecting the central bank’s offer creates two opposite effects on inflation: delegation effect and seesaw effect (since fiscal and monetary expansion are substitutes for the government, now it relies more on fiscal expansion). We show that while the magnitude of the delegation effect is equal to or higher than the seesaw effect, the magnitude of each effect depends on the current level of the fixed cost. If the current fixed cost is not high enough, then a small improvement in central bank independence creates a relatively smaller delegation effect compared to the case where fixed cost is high enough and both efficient and inefficient government types accept the offer.

Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice


Determination of the effects and optimal thresholds of monetary policy instruments: A study of Central Bank Lending system in Kingdom of Eswatini

Abstract: Abstract This paper examines the impact of monetary policy instruments such as discount rate, reserve requirement and liquidity requirement on bank credit to the private sector in the Kingdom of Eswatini. Monthly data sourced from the Central Bank of Eswatini and Eswatini Central Statistics Office is used for the period January 2000 to December 2017. Using the Johansen cointegration test and Vector Error Correction Model, our results show that: there is one cointegration in the model and the current levels of the discount rate, reserve requirement and liquidity requirement bear a negative and significant effect to bank credit to the private sector. This indicates that the three instruments are not supportive to economic growth and they are not optimal to stimulate credit. Applying the Quadratic approach, findings of this study reveal that the optimal monetary policy mix (thresholds) to stimulate bank credit to the private sector while maintaining inflation within reasonable levels is 5.42% for the discount rate, 4.03% for the reserve requirement, 12.48% for the liquidity requirement. The study recommends that the Central Bank of Eswatini should always take into account the existence of trade-off in monetary policy instruments results in order to stimulate bank lending to the private sector.


The Effect Of Monetary Policy On Economic Growth In Mogadishu Somalia, Case Study Central Bank Of Somalia


Why the European Central Bank lacked efficacy to fight against the recent surge in inflation

Abstract: The paper focuses on the determinants of the surge in inflation between 2021 and 2023 and on the efficacy of monetary policy in fighting against these inflationary tensions. The main role of the European Central Bank is to ensure that inflation expectations remain anchored to a clear target. An active monetary policy can also stabilize future expected inflationary tensions or demand shocks. However, a simple theoretical model can explain the incapacity of European monetary policy to fight against the supply-side factors of inflation in the post-COVID period: inflationary tensions inherited from previous periods, imported from foreign countries (energy and food), or due to higher current or anticipated profit margins. In these cases, a huge increase in the nominal interest rate and a very contractionary monetary policy only risk creating a strong recession, without avoiding inflationary tensions.

Forum for Economic and Financial Studies


CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE, INFLATION AND VOLATILITY NEXUS: DOES INDEPENDENCE CAN SOLVE INFLATION?

Abstract: In this study, the relationship between central bank independence and both inflation rate and inflation uncertainty is examined with the help of panel data analysis for BRICS-T countries, using data for the period 1995-2017. The findings reveal several notable results. First, the study finds a statistically significant and negative relationship between the level of central bank independence and inflation in BRICS-T countries. Consequently, this means that a higher degree of independence is associated with lower inflation rates. Additionally, the study reveals a statistically significant and positive relationship between central bank independence and inflation uncertainty. This shows that inflation uncertainty tends to increase as the level of independence increases. These results shed light on the complex dynamics between central bank independence, inflation, and inflation uncertainty, providing valuable information for policymakers, central banks, and researchers interested in monetary policy effectiveness and macroeconomic stability. It is recommended that future studies investigate the underlying mechanisms driving these relationships and evaluate potential differences across countries and time periods

Proceeding of the World Conference on Management, Business, and Finance


Central bank balance sheet and inflation in a euroised small open economy: a cointegrated SVAR analysis

Abstract: The Bank of Albania has not employed traditional balance sheet policies; however, it has taken a series of policy actions that have increased the proportion of non-borrowed relative to borrowed components of the monetary base and its balance sheet liabilities. We aim to investigate whether these changes in the structure of the central bank balance sheet gave rise to additional monetary shocks with direct effects on inflation. The hypothesis is tested by estimating a small structural VAR model with cointegrated I(1) and I(0) policy and non-policy variables. We identify long-run restrictions based on the embedded structure of the data generating process, as defined by cointegration relationships. Our findings suggest that an increase in the share of non-borrowed components of the monetary base has direct and indirect positive effects on inflation. We argue that the identification of this monetary shock has significant implications for the central bank and its monetary policy.


Inflation-Targeting Monetary Policy Framework in Nigeria: The Success Factors

Abstract: Many developing countries are facing high inflation and the central bank in these countries have adopted several solutions to tame rising inflation. Nigeria transitioned to an inflation targeting monetary policy framework in late 2023 from a monetary targeting monetary policy framework. This study identifies the important success factors for an effective inflation targeting monetary policy regime in Nigeria. The identified success factors include the size or number of economic agents monitoring the inflation target, the credibility of the central bank, the degree of central bank independence, reduction in budget deficit, limited dollarization of the Nigerian economy, effective central bank communication, avoidance of fiscal dominance, financial development, greater financial inclusion, financial stability


Central Bank Independence and Monetary Stability in Hungary, 1920s and 1990s

Abstract: This study compares monetary policy and inflation in Hungary in the first half of the 1920s and the first half of the 1990s. In both periods, economic and financial imbalances placed pressure on the central bank to provide inflationary finance. Eventually, in response to the resulting inflation, central bank independence was significantly strengthened. But while central bank independence helped, in neither case did it suffice to prevent subsequent instability. The central bank inevitably felt pressure to accommodate problems emanating from the banking sector, the balance of payments, the government budget and weakened sectors of the economy. The paper concludes by drawing out the implications for current legislation potentially affecting the independence of Hungary’s central bank.


Unconventional Monetary Policy Response to Covid-19 and Its Impact on Inflation in Morocco

Abstract: This study explores the impact of unconventional monetary policy on Morocco’s economy during the Covid-19 pandemic. We used a hybrid model combining a financial dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with a standard epidemiology model, enabling us to consider both economic and epidemiological factors. Our results indicate that unconventional monetary policy cannot fully mitigate the adverse effects of a pandemic, except for an exogenous increase in Central Bank claims. We also found that Morocco’s high inflation is partly due to Bank Al-Maghrib’s unconventional monetary measures in response to the pandemic. Our research underscores the importance of monetary authorities balancing the benefits and risks of unconventional monetary policy. While it can stimulate the economy during crises, it should be used judiciously to avoid long-term negative effects. Incorporating epidemiological factors into macroeconomic models is crucial for understanding the intricate interplay between the economy and public health crises.

Statistika: Statistics and Economy Journal


Examining Inflation Expectations within Asian Economies: Application of Wavelet Quantile Analysis towards Assessing Monetary Policy Credibility

Abstract: The relevance of rational expectations has generated a renewed interest in assessing the accuracy of monetary policy declarations. Despite the enduring principles of the rational expectations theory, a remarkably dependable central bank can alleviate inflation by skillfully managing inflation expectations, thus avoiding adverse effects on employment. This paper explores the complex relationship between inflation expectations, target inflation rates, and the credibility of monetary policy, emphasizing the importance of rule compliance and transparent communication for establishing public confidence in central banks. While the estimation processes the study utilizes wavelet-based quantile regression by investigating data from 1990q1 to 2021q4, with variations across selected countries. The credibility index (CI) is employed to instrument the dependability of monetary policies. Nevertheless, the results of this study indicate that Policy credibility has a significant impact on inflation expectations in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, underscoring the importance of clear communication and institutional reforms. Different outcomes in India and considerable effects in Pakistan underscore the necessity of customized policy measures and communication strategies to address inflation and promote economic stability in South Asia.


Monetary Policy and Inflation Targeting Framework in Indonesia Dual Banking System

Abstract: Since 1990 the use of inflation as a nominal anchor used as the main target of monetary policy began to be an option for central banks in several countries. The new monetary policy framework is then known as Inflation Targeting Framework (ITF). This study tries to look at some important variables that affect the inflation rate within the framework of the Inflation Targeting Framework concept using Vector Error Correction Model. The results of data processing using VECM analysis can determine the behavior of Bank Indonesia Rate (BI Rate), Money Supply, Interbank Money Market (PUAB), Sharia Interbank Money Market (PUAS), and Sharia Bank Indonesia Certificates (SBIS). These variables significantly affect the inflation rate. The results of this study can provide important information for decision makers and academics as an evaluation of the application of ITF based on its application in Indonesia.


Investigating the Effectiveness of India’s Monetary Policy in Controlling Inflation and Maintaining Price Stability

Abstract:
This study examines how India’s monetary policy impacts inflation and contributes to price stability. Using
secondary data from sources like the IMF, RBI, and the World Bank, the research employs trend analysis and
statistical regression to establish a linear relationship between inflation and the bank rates set by the country's
central bank. It specifically explores the connection between the repo rate and inflation. Given India’s large
informal sector, the study investigates the channels through which changes in interest rates, money supply, and
banking regulations influence the economy and affect price levels. Additionally, the research assesses the
effectiveness of these tools under different economic conditions, such as periods of economic growth or recession.
The findings suggest that while the repo rate and central bank policies do impact inflation to some extent, other
economic factors also play a significant role. Therefore, implementing a robust monetary policy can help control
inflation, stabilize prices, and foster overall economic growth.

INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT


Assessing the Impact of Sanctions and Central Bank Independence on Inflation Targeting in Iran

Abstract: Price stability has long been a fundamental objective of monetary policy, with inflation targeting emerging as one of the most effective approaches in recent decades. This study examines the determinants of inflation targeting in the Iranian economy from 1979 to 2023. To comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of inflation targeting in Iran, key factors such as inflation uncertainty, central bank independence, economic sanctions, transparency and accountability, money supply, minimum nominal wages, and exchange rates were analyzed. Central bank independence was first assessed and quantified using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, followed by an examination of the factors influencing the discrepancy between the actual inflation rate and the target inflation rate. The findings indicate that central bank independence, exchange rates, and money supply exert a significant negative impact on the gap between actual and target inflation. In contrast, nominal minimum wages, economic sanctions, and inflation volatility contribute positively to this gap. These results suggest that achieving the target inflation rate necessitates establishing the appropriate conditions for the effective implementation of inflation-targeting policies. The government and the Central Bank of Iran, as well as policymakers in developing economies with similar economic structures, should adopt optimal policy measures to enhance the effectiveness of inflation targeting.


THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK IN THE MONETARY INTEGRATION OF EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES

Abstract: European Central Bank (ECB) is a financial institution of the European Union which influences the process of European integration to a large degree. The primary goal of the Bank is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The rate of inflation should be close to 2%. Other objectives are subordinate to the main objective. The most important tasks of the ECB include the implementation of the monetary policy for the Eurozone, conducting foreign exchange operations, and taking care of the foreign reserves of the European system. It has the exclusive right to issue euro banknotes and member states of the Eurozone can issue euro coins on authorization of the ECB. The Bank influences the level of life of EU citizens. The economic situation of the Eurozone, in turn, has an impact on support for the European integration on the part of EU citizens. ECB is a global player on financial markets allowing the EU to maintain its global status as an economic powerhouse. The aim of the paper is to present the status of the ECB and its role in the institutional system of the EU.


Central Bank Independence, Inflation and Money Growth: Evidence from South Africa

Abstract:
Purpose: This article evaluates the impact of the de jure independence of the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) on the credibility and discipline of domestic monetary policy. Credibility captures the extent to which economic agents trust the SARB to pursue its price stability mandate and is measured by the relationship between the SARB’s independence and domestic inflation. Discipline relates to the effect of independence on money growth rates, while independence is associated with a more disciplined central bank and moderate money growth rates.
Methodology: A simple autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) econometric specification and Granger causality tests are employed. Following the extant empirical literature, existing indexes of central bank independence (CBI) are regressed on annual rates of inflation and M2 money growth.
Findings: A statistically significant negative relationship is established between both i) CBI and inflation and ii) CBI and money growth for the South African economy. This suggests that the SARB’s legal independence plays an important role in containing inflation (credibility) and limiting excessive money growth (discipline).
Contribution: This article fills a gap in the extant literature by being the first attempt at formalising the empirical link between de jure CBI, inflation, and the rate of money growth in the South African economy.


CHANGING THE KEY INTEREST RATE AS A WAY OF MONETARY POLICY OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF RUSSIA

Abstract: The current value of the key interest rate set by the Central Bank is analyzed, its impact on the inflation rate, on deposit and loan rates. The short-term forecast of the Central Bank on stabilization of the current situation is given

Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress


Measuring AND Analyzing the Impact OF Monetary Policy Tools in Controlling Inflation Rates in Iraq for the Period 2004-2022

Galaxy International Interdisciplinary Research Journal


Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy, and Growth: The Impact of Unemployment and Inflation on Growth in Saudi Arabia

Abstract: This paper uses time-series regression analysis to investigate the long-run effect of fiscal and monetary policies on economic growth in Saudi Arabia from 1999 to 2022. Regarding fiscal policy, we focus on government spending and exclude taxes because the latter had not been used in the Kingdom as a fiscal tool during most of the study period. For monetary policy, we focus on money supply (i.e., open market operations) and exclude interest rate, because by following a fixed-exchange-rate policy to the US dollar, the Saudi Central Bank has lost some of its monetary independence to the Federal Reserve when it comes to setting interest rates. Our results show a statistically significant positive impact of government spending on economic growth and a statistically significant negative impact of unemployment on economic growth in the long run. Also, we find the effect of money supply and inflation on economic growth in the long run to be statistically insignificant. These results are consistent with economic theory and empirical research which show countries that follow a fixed-exchange-rate policy usually lose the effectiveness of their monetary policy. Finally, we recommend taking extra care not to overuse government spending as the only tool for growth: on one hand, government spending boosts growth and lowers unemployment, but on the other, it fuels inflation and increases the national debt if it happens to be deficit spending. Therefore, it is important for Saudi Arabia to be less dependent on government spending by diversifying its income resources, creating jobs in the private sector, and creating a stable and attractive business environment for domestic and foreign investments.

International Journal for Scientific Research


The Impact of monetary policy on inflation and production: a comparative study on Sri Lanka, India, and the USA

Abstract: Monetary policy is a critical tool used by the Central banks to stabilize inflation and foster economic growth. Over the past few years, the Sri Lankan economy faced significant economic challenges, such as economic downturn, and rising inflation. This led the Central Bank of Sri Lanka to execute various monetary policy changes to stabilize the economy. This study examines the effects of monetary policy transmission mechanisms (MTM) on production and inflation in the USA, India, and Sri Lanka, using monthly data from 1980 to 2023, to provide a comparative understanding of how monetary policy adjustments influence each of these economies. The analysis employs the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to understand the short-term and long-term effects of monetary policy adjustments on Gross Domestic Production (GDP) and the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The results of this study indicate major differences in the magnitude and timing of the policy implementation and its effects across the three economies: where the USA economy indicates quicker adjustments to monetary policy changes, which reflects their advanced financial infrastructure. In contrast, India and Sri Lanka demonstrate delayed responses, suggesting inefficiencies in their policy transmission mechanisms. In addition to this, the results also indicated that in the USA, interest rates and money supply have predictive power over both CPI and GDP. This implies that policymakers can use these channels to manage inflation and economic growth. In India, none of the independent variables showed a correlation between CPI and GDP, while in Sri Lanka, domestic credit to the private sector and money supply significantly impacts GDP and CPI. These results imply that it is vital to have tailored monetary policies for each economy considering their unique structural and temporal characteristics. For the USA, the results affirm the effectiveness of its current policy framework, while India and Sri Lanka may require enhanced policy strategies to improve transmission efficiency.

7th International Conference on Business Research (ICBR 2024)


THE IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY ON ACHIEVING THE INFLATION TARGET OF MONETARY POLICY

Abstract: Introduction. With the transition to a new stage of global economic development, the period of low inflation is over. A new global perspective is emerging that aims to rethink the concerns of monetary authorities regarding macroeconomic and financial objectives. As a result, the new macroeconomic framework emphasizes, on the one hand, the importance of clear and appropriate regulation in combating global threats, and, on the other hand, the close link between monetary and financial stability. In this regard, the role of the central bank needs to be reconsidered in the light of its primary objective of ensuring price stability in conjunction with the goal of financial stability. Problem Statement. The use of pure and hybrid inflation targeting (hereinafter - IT) of monetary policy regimes generates academic discussions about the feasibility of including the exchange rate in the inflation target function to smooth exchange rate volatility in order to ensure price stability and economic growth in developed and emerging markets. The purpose is to examine the exchange rate volatility and its impact on achieving the inflation target under different IT regimes. Methods. The method of regression analysis to identify and quantify the relationship between exchange rate volatility and the effect of its subsequent transmission to inflation was used. Applying cluster analysis, a classification of inflation- targeting countries was carried out according to the applied exchange rate regime, which includes the analysis of two variables: the volatility of the national currency rate and the volatility of Central Bank interventions in the foreign exchange market. Results. The study of exchange rate volatility within the framework of stochastic monetary policy models finds theoretical evidence of the effectiveness of exchange rate management for inflation-targeting countries. Free floating of the exchange rate is characterized by minor interventions on the foreign exchange market combined with unlimited exchange rate fluctuations. A controlled exchange rate regime is the case when the exchange rate remains stable and interventions are volatile. In practice, exchange rate control is justified especially for emerging market countries, as their economies are usually characterized by less developed financial markets, which makes it difficult to hedge currency risks in a free-floating exchange rate environment and poses a threat to financial stability. High inflation in previous periods in emerging market economies complicates the task of achieving price stability. The width of the band takes into account the fact that by setting a wide interval for the target, the central bank makes it easier for itself to formally achieve the target. Significant fluctuations in the exchange rate can lead to fluctuations in the general price level due to the pass-through effect, making it more difficult to achieve the inflation target. According to the analysis, the coefficient on the IT variable is statistically significantly different from zero and positive. Thus, it can be assumed that the use of a hybrid IT monetary policy regime is associated with a higher probability of achieving the inflation target, even when controlling other factors. The marginal effect of switching to hybrid IT is approximately 0.27. Conclusions. Achieving the inflation target through the use of the IT regime is an important condition for macroeconomic stability for the inflation-targeting countries. Small impulses of inflation can turn into a significant permanent growth of inflation when the exchange rate is free to float. The effect of the exchange rate pass-through to prices has been reduced in countries that have switched to the hybrid IT. Since the effect of exchange rate pass-through in emerging markets is generally higher than in developed countries, the benefits of IT-based exchange rate management should be more significant for these economies. Prior to the full-scale war, the NBU used foreign exchange interventions as an auxiliary IT tool to smooth out exchange rate volatility. In times of war, there are certain regularities in the conduct of monetary policy. According to statistics, during the first military shock, the negative balance of foreign exchange interventions began to grow sharply. Given this course of events, the NBU was forced to abandon floating exchange rate IT and move to fixing the exchange rate. The introduction of a fixed exchange rate in such circumstances is a nominal anchor for expectations and an anti-inflationary tool. In such circumstances, the NBU's main operation is foreign exchange interventions to ensure the exchange rate stability. The gradual easing of currency restrictions and the transition to greater exchange rate flexibility preconditions for a gradual return to IT.


Inflation-targeting central bank responses to exchange rate shocks: evidence from Latin America

Abstract: ABSTRACT This paper examines the impact of real exchange rate shocks on policy interest rates in the five major inflation-targeting economies in LATAM. Using a SVAR model with identification based on sign and short-run restrictions, we find that monetary policy reacts to real exchange rate shocks across all five countries. Specifically, interest rates rise directly in response to a positive real exchange rate shock (appreciation). A subsequent reversal occurs after a few quarters, with statistical significance observed in three countries. Additionally, shocks to the policy rate are demonstrated to effectively induce a real depreciation of the exchange rate.


Factors influencing central bank base rates in the context of economic policy uncertainty

Abstract: The relevance of the research topic is determined by the current unstable state of the world economy and the increasing role of central banks, which have the ability to positively influence countries’ economic development. Central banks, when implementing monetary policy, adhere to a certain strategy and accepted methods, including using monetary policy rules. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Taylor rule linking the central bank’s benchmark interest rate, the inflation rate, and the deviation of a country’s economic development from its trajectory. Developing the Taylor rule, we add a factor to the central bank reaction equation that reflects the level of uncertainty. The econometric assessment is based on statistics for two countries, the USA and the Russian Federation, whose central banks currently adhere to different monetary policy regimes introduced at different times. Despite differences between the countries’ economies and central banks’ monetary policies, uncertainty-related indices have shown their significance.

Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Ekonomika

Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika


The Impact of Monetary Policy Institutional Decisions on Convergence in Central and Eastern European Countries

Abstract: Our study looks at the role of monetary policy related institutional decisions in the nominal and real convergence of the 11 former socialist Central and Eastern European EU Member States over the three decades following their regime change. We use our empirical model to estimate the impact of four key drivers of the monetary policy framework (exchange rate regime, central bank independence, inflation targeting, euro adoption) on inflation and real economic growth. Our main finding is that the convergence rate over the past decades has had little to do with the choice of exchange rate regime or the potential adoption of the euro or inflation targeting and much more with the establishment of central bank independence. The latter has reduced inflation by roughly 5 percentage points, while boosting real GDP growth by about 2 percentage points. This suggests that central bank independence significantly enhances the credibility and predictability of monetary policy and largely determines the success of each monetary regime.


Monetary Policy and Inflation Expectations in Brazil: From 2005 to 2022

Abstract: The Focus Report prepared by the Central Bank of Brazil summarizes the statistics calculated from market expectations, such as inflation expectations for the next four years that are weekly collected. The report shows the evolution of these data using graphs and weekly projections for price indices, economic activity, and exchange rates. However, the expectations of households and firms regarding the future of inflation, which are determinants for current inflation, go beyond problems of theoretical and empirical foundation. Thus, the research question addressed in this study is as follows: Do expectations of inflation measured by the Focus Market Report explain inflation measured by the CPI in Brazil? To answer this question, we compare expected and actual inflation data and analyze the correlations between them. This research is important because part of the argument for increasing the basic interest rate in the Brazilian economy is based on data from the Focus Report, which may contain forecasting errors, thereby resulting in monetary policy mistakes. The research methodology consists of contrasting data on monthly expectations with actual inflation rates and assessing the correlations between them.

Journal of Business and Economic Studies


Features of the monetary policy of central banks to combat high inflation

Abstract:
The article describes the measures taken by the central banks of the world's largest economies to combat high inflation. The authors give a definition of what exactly is considered high inflation, analyze the timeliness and effectiveness of taking anti-inflationary measures, and also answer the question of the need for the monetary authorities to react to inflation, which does not have an obvious monetary nature.
In the article the particular attention is paid to the difference between the anti-inflationary policy of central banks in developed and emerging markets, as well as to the issues of coordination between the actions of the central bank and the government in the field of anti-inflationary policy. The authors point out the importance of increasing the efficiency of the transmission mechanism through the development of various segments of the financial market, including the derivatives market.
As a result of the study, a hypothesis is put forward that there is a direct relationship between the development of the financial market, especially the capital market, and the costs of fighting inflation. Countries with less developed capital markets and smaller gold and foreign exchange reserves are forced to use the key rate of central banks to fight inflation, paying with their economic growth potential for the opportunity to have low inflation.
The article also makes a fundamental conclusion that the risk of inflation has acquired global features, however has not yet affected all countries, bypassing those markets that traditionally struggled with the deflation factor, and their central banks had negative rates. As well, the article pays attention to the dependence of the foreign exchange rate on the difference between the levels of interest rates, and makes assumptions about the possibility of manipulating the foreign exchange rate through delaying anti-inflationary measures in order to stimulate exports.


Effectiveness of Monetary and Fiscal Policies Fiscal Policy Effectiveness on Inflation and Unemployment Reduction in South Kalimantan

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies in combating inflation and unemployment in South Kalimantan and Indonesia. Reliable primary data sources such as journals, the Central Bureau of Statistics, and the official website of Bank Indonesia were utilized in this qualitative analysis. Indonesia, as a developing country, faces economic stability challenges, and monetary and fiscal policies are crucial instruments used by the government and central bank to regulate inflation and the overall economy. South Kalimantan, despite its abundant natural resources, still encounters economic disparities between urban and rural areas and sustainable resource management issues. To address these challenges, the government implements monetary and fiscal policies to facilitate economic control. The central bank aims to balance the money supply and commodity availability to achieve controlled inflation, full employment, and smooth commodity distribution. Fiscal policy plays a vital role in regulating macroeconomic balance and influencing short-term economic demand while also impacting long-term economic capacity. The research findings indicate the effectiveness of these policies, demonstrated by the controlled inflation rate in 2022 due to their implementation by the government


Post-COVID inflation and the monetary policy dilemma: an agent-based scenario analysis

Abstract: The economic shocks that followed the COVID-19 pandemic have brought to light the difficulty, both for academics and policy makers, of describing and predicting the dynamics of inflation. This paper offers an alternative modelling approach. We study the 2020–2023 period within the well-studied Mark-0 Agent-Based Model, in which economic agents act and react according to plausible behavioural rules. We include a mechanism through which trust of economic agents in the Central Bank can de-anchor. We investigate the influence of regulatory policies on inflationary dynamics resulting from three exogenous shocks, calibrated on those that followed the COVID-19 pandemic: a production/consumption shock due to COVID-related lockdowns, a supply chain shock, and an energy price shock exacerbated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. By exploring the impact of these shocks under different assumptions about monetary policy efficacy and transmission channels, we review various explanations for the resurgence of inflation in the USA, including demand-pull, cost-push, and profit-driven factors. Our main results are fourfold: (i) without appropriate fiscal policy, the shocked economy can take years to recover, or even tip over into a deep recession; (ii) the success of monetary policy in curbing inflation is primarily due to expectation anchoring, rather than to the direct economic impact of interest rate hikes; (iii) however, perhaps paradoxically, strong inflation anchoring is detrimental to consumption and unemployment, leading to a narrow window of “optimal” policy responses due to the trade-off between inflation and unemployment; (iv) the two most sensitive model parameters are those describing wage and price indexation. The results of our study have implications for Central Bank decision-making, and offer an easy-to-use tool that may help anticipate the consequences of different monetary and fiscal policies.

Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination


‘Independence’ of Central Banks and the Political Economy of Monetary Policy

Abstract: ABSTRACT The notion of an ‘independent’ central bank has dominated monetary policy debates for the past three decades. The arguments for the political independence of central banks are closely related to the adoption of ‘inflation targeting’. The arguments for an independent central bank are based on the ‘credibility’ of the ‘conservative’ central bank in comparison to government decision making. The independence of a central bank has been a matter of independence from government but not independence from the grip of the ‘new consensus in macroeconomics’ nor from the interests of the banking and financial sector. That independence has also supported a lack of co-ordination between monetary and fiscal policies, diminishing the effectiveness of macroeconomic policies. In addition, there remain doubts about the effectiveness of ‘inflation targeting’ on the achievement of low inflation. The policy mandates of central banks have begun to shift towards financial stability and paying attention to issues of inequality and the climate emergency.


The effectiveness of ultra-loose monetary policy in a high inflation economy: a time-varying causality analysis for Turkey


2D Layered Nanomaterials as Fillers in Polymer Composite Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries

Abstract: Polymer composite electrolytes (PCEs), i.e., materials combining the disciplines of polymer chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and electrochemistry, have received tremendous attention within academia and industry for lithium‐based battery applications. While PCEs often comprise 3D micro‐ or nanoparticles, this review thoroughly summarizes the prospects of 2D layered inorganic, organic, and hybrid nanomaterials as active (ion conductive) or passive (nonion conductive) fillers in PCEs. The synthetic inorganic nanofillers covered here include graphene oxide, boron nitride, transition metal chalcogenides, phosphorene, and MXenes. Furthermore, the use of naturally occurring 2D layered clay minerals, such as layered double hydroxides and silicates, in PCEs is also thoroughly detailed considering their impact on battery cell performance. Despite the dominance of 2D layered inorganic materials, their organic and hybrid counterparts, such as 2D covalent organic frameworks and 2D metal–organic frameworks are also identified as tuneable nanofillers for use in PCE. Hence, this review gives an overview of the plethora of options available for the selective development of both the 2D layered nanofillers and resulting PCEs, which can revolutionize the field of polymer‐based solid‐state electrolytes and their implementation in lithium and post‐lithium batteries.


Antimicrobial Properties of 2D MnO2 and MoS2 Nanomaterials Vertically Aligned on Graphene Materials and Ti3C2 MXene.

Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention in biomedical and environmental applications due to their antimicrobial activity. In the interest of investigating the primary antimicrobial mode-of-action of 2D nanomaterials, we studied the antimicrobial properties of MnO2 and MoS2, toward Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli bacteria were treated individually with 100 μg/mL of randomly oriented and vertically aligned nanomaterials for ∼3 h in the dark. The vertically aligned 2D MnO2 and MoS2 were grown on 2D sheets of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and Ti3C2 MXene. Measurements to determine the viability of bacteria in the presence of the 2D nanomaterials performed by using two complementary techniques, flow cytometry, and fluorescence imaging showed that, while MnO2 and MoS2 nanosheets show different antibacterial activities, in both cases, Gram-positive bacteria show a higher loss in membrane integrity. Scanning electron microscopy images suggest that the 2D nanomaterials, which have a detrimental effect on bacteria viability, compromise the cell wall, leading to significant morphological changes. We propose that the peptidoglycan mesh (PM) in the bacterial wall is likely the primary target of the 2D nanomaterials. Vertically aligned 2D MnO2 nanosheets showed the highest antimicrobial activity, suggesting that the edges of the nanosheets were likely compromising the cell walls upon contact.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids


Graphene based 2D-materials for supercapacitors


Large‐Scale Syntheses of 2D Materials: Flash Joule Heating and Other Methods

Abstract: In the past 17 years, the larger‐scale production of graphene and graphene family materials has proven difficult and costly, thus slowing wider‐scale commercial applications. The quality of the graphene that is prepared on larger scales has often been poor, demonstrating a need for improved quality controls. Here, current industrial graphene synthetic and analytical methods, as well as recent academic advancements in larger‐scale or sustainable synthesis of graphene, defined here as weights more than 200 mg or films larger than 200 cm2, are compiled and reviewed. There is a specific emphasis on recent research in the use of flash Joule heating as a rapid, efficient, and scalable method to produce graphene and other 2D nanomaterials. Reactor design, synthetic strategies, safety considerations, feedstock selection, Raman spectroscopy, and future outlooks for flash Joule heating syntheses are presented. To conclude, the remaining challenges and opportunities in the larger‐scale synthesis of graphene and a perspective on the broader use of flash Joule heating for larger‐scale 2D materials synthesis are discussed.


Exfoliation of 2D Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications.

Abstract: The fascinating properties of single-layer graphene isolated by mechanical exfoliation have inspired extensive research efforts toward two-dimensional (2D) materials. Layered compounds serve as precursors for atomically thin 2D materials (briefly, 2D nanomaterials) owing to their strong intraplane chemical bonding but weak interplane van der Waals interactions. There are newly emerging 2D materials beyond graphene, and it is becoming increasingly important to develop cost-effective, scalable methods for producing 2D nanomaterials with controlled microstructures and properties. The variety of developed synthetic techniques can be categorized into two classes: bottom-up and top-down approaches. Of top-down approaches, the exfoliation of bulk 2D materials into single or few layers is the most common. This review highlights chemical and physical exfoliation methods that allow for the production of 2D nanomaterials in large quantities. In addition, remarkable examples of utilizing exfoliated 2D nanomaterials in energy and environmental applications are introduced.


Powerful combination of 2D g-C3N4 and 2D nanomaterials for photocatalysis: Recent advances

Abstract: Abstract As a fascinating metal-free conjugated polymer semiconductor, 2D graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been widely used as a visible-light-responsive photocatalyst. Generally, g-C3N4 exhibits some appealing properties, such as exceptional thermal and chemical stability, appropriate band structure, as well as low cost. However, the pristine g-C3N4 is limited by the fast recombination of the photoinduced electron-hole pairs, limited surface area, and insufficient sunlight absorption. Very recently, the construction of 2D/2D heterojunctions has attracted widespread attention owing to their distinct advantages, including the intimate interface, high surface area, suitable band potential and so forth. Therefore, this review summarized the latest progress in the coupling g-C3N4 with other 2D nanomaterial systems, including 2D graphene-like materials, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, 2D metal oxides, 2D bismuth-based semiconductors and 2D phosphorous. Furthermore, the photocatalytic mechanism of g-C3N4 based 2D/2D heterojunctions was systematically studied and their corresponding charge-transfer pathways on the interface surface were elaborated. In addition, the photocatalytic applications of the g-C3N4 based 2D/2D composites in the realm of hydrogen generation, carbon dioxide reduction, pollutant degradation, and photocatalytic disinfection were also reviewed. Finally, the current challenges faced by the formation of g-C3N4 based 2D/2D composite and the opportunities for further development are also proposed.


Gas sensing in 2D materials


Recent advances of monoelemental 2D materials for photocatalytic applications.

Abstract: As a sustainable environmental governance strategy and energy conversion method, photocatalysis has considered to have great potential in this field due to its excellent optical properties and has become one of the most attractive technologies today. Among 2D materials, the emerging two-dimensional (2D) monoelemental materials mainly distributed in the -IIIA, -IVA, -VA and -VIA groups and show excellent performance in solar energy conversion due to their graphene-like 2D atomic structure and unique properties, thereby drawing increasing attention. This review briefly summarizes the preparation processes and fundamental properties of 2D single-element nanomaterials, as well as various modification strategies and adjustment mechanisms to enhance their photocatalytic properties. In particular, this article comprehensively discusses the related practical applications of 2D single-element materials in the field of photocatalysis, including photocatalytic degradation for contaminants removal, photocatalytic pathogen inactivation, photocatalytic fouling control and photocatalytic energy conversion. This review will provide some new opportunities for the rational design of other excellent photocatalysts based on 2D monoelemental materials, as well as present tremendous novel ideas for 2D monoelemental materials in other environmental conservation and energy-related applications, such as supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, solar cells, and so on.


Recent Advances in 2D Inorganic Nanomaterials for SERS Sensing

Abstract: Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a powerful and sensitive analytical tool that has found application in chemical and biomolecule analysis and environmental monitoring. Since its discovery in the early 1970s, a variety of materials ranging from noble metals to nanostructured materials have been employed as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. In recent years, 2D inorganic materials have found wide use in the development of SERS‐based chemical sensors owing to their unique thickness dependent physico‐chemical properties with enhanced chemical‐based charge‐transfer processes. Here, recent advances in the application of various 2D inorganic nanomaterials, including graphene, boron nitride, semiconducting metal oxides, and transition metal chalcogenides, in chemical detection via SERS are presented. The background of the SERS concept, including its basic theory and sensing mechanism, along with the salient features of different nanomaterials used as substrates in SERS, extending from monometallic nanoparticles to nanometal oxides, is comprehensively discussed. The importance of 2D inorganic nanomaterials in SERS enhancement, along with their application toward chemical detection, is explained in detail with suitable examples and illustrations. In conclusion, some guidelines are presented for the development of this promising field in the future.


Defect chemistry in 2D materials for electrocatalysis

Abstract: Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, including metal-free (graphene, carbon nitride, and black phosphorus et al.) and transition metal-based materials (dichalcogenides, oxides, hydroxides, phosphides, and MXenes et al.), have emerged as promising candidates for electrocatalysis due to their unique physical, chemical, and electronic properties. Specifically, 2D materials with ultra-thin thickness usually possess more vacancy-type defects and exposed edges than bulk materials, resulting in different electronic characteristics relative to those of bulk materials and leading to changes in the reactant absorption energy on catalysts. Introducing heteroatom dopants can further alter the charge distribution in 2D materials, thereby facilitating the formation of new defects and catalytic active-sites to improve the electrocatalytic performance. This review highlights recent defect chemistry advances and developments in 2D materials for electrocatalysis. We discuss various defects in 2D materials, such as edge defects, topological defects and vacancy defects so on, and the effects of defects on electrocatalytic performance. Defect engineering and rational design strategies for controlling defects on 2D materials will also be systematically discussed. Finally, various advanced characterization technologies to reveal different types of defects will be discussed.


Flame retardant nanocomposites based on 2D layered nanomaterials: a review


Recent Developments in 2D Nanomaterials for Chemiresistive-Type Gas Sensors

Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures are gaining tremendous interests due to the fascinating physical, chemical, electrical, and optical properties. Recent advances in 2D nanomaterials synthesis have contributed to optimization of various parameters such as physical dimension and chemical structure for specific applications. In particular, development of high performance gas sensors is gaining vast importance for real-time and on-site environmental monitoring by detection of hazardous chemical species. In this review, we comprehensively report recent achievements of 2D nanostructured materials for chemiresistive-type gas sensors. Firstly, the basic sensing mechanism is described based on charge transfer behavior between gas species and 2D nanomaterials. Secondly, diverse synthesis strategies and characteristic gas sensing properties of 2D nanostructures such as graphene, metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), phosphorus, and MXenes are presented. In addition, recent trends in synthesis of 2D heterostructures by integrating two different types of 2D nanomaterials and their gas sensing properties are discussed. Finally, this review provides perspectives and future research directions for gas sensor technology using various 2D nanomaterials.Graphical Abstract


Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanomaterials towards Electrochemical Nanoarchitectonics in Energy-Related Applications

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan


Recent advances in graphene-based nanomaterials for fabricating electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensors.


Electronic structure engineering on two-dimensional (2D) electrocatalytic materials for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution reactions

Abstract: Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials with the conservation of 2D configuration are excellent candidates for fundamental energy conversion and storage research and potential candidate for commercial applications. In this regard, this comprehensive review highlights the recent advances in the electronic structure tuning of 2D materials such as carbon/graphene, metal chalcogenides, metal oxides/hydroxides, MXenes, toward electrocatalytic energy conversions such as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). First, this review offers a systematic summary of the classification, controllable synthesis, and formation mechanism of 2D nanomaterials. Later, the strategies for tuning the electronic structure of 2D nanomaterials, and further their impact on electrocatalytic properties are summarized, namely doping, defect engineering, temperature effect, composite and heterostructure formation. The recent development of electrocatalysts with novel nanosheets structures and compositions were discussed deeply. The understandings of the correlation between the electronic nature, activity and the shape, size, composition, and synthesis methods were summarized. Finally, some personal perspectives on future challenges of this research field will also be presented.


Electrochemical exfoliation of graphene-like two-dimensional nanomaterials.

Abstract: Unlike zero-dimensional quantum dots, one-dimensional nanowires/nanorods, and three-dimensional networks or even their bulk counterparts, the charge carriers in two-dimensional (2D) materials are confined along the thickness while being allowed to move along the plane. They have distinct characteristics like strong quantum confinement, tunable thickness, and high specific surface area, which makes them a promising candidate in a wide range of applications such as electronics, topological spintronic devices, energy storage, energy conversion, sensors, biomedicine, catalysis, and so on. After the discovery of the extraordinary properties of graphene, other graphene-like 2D materials have attracted a great deal of attention. Like graphene, to realize their potential applications, high efficiency and low cost industrial scale methods should be developed to produce high-quality 2D materials. The electrochemical methods usually performed under mild conditions are convenient, controllable, and suitable for mass production. In this review, we introduce the latest and most representative investigations on the fabrication of 2D monoelemental Xenes, 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides, and other important emerging 2D materials such as organic framework (MOF) nanosheets and MXenes through electrochemical exfoliation. The electrochemical exfoliation conditions of the bulk layered materials are discussed. The numerous factors which will affect the quality of the exfoliated 2D materials, the possible exfoliating mechanism and potential applications are summarized and discussed in detail. A summary of the discussion together with perspectives and challenges for the future of this emerging field is also provided in the last section.


Hybrids of Fullerenes and 2D Nanomaterials

Abstract: Fullerene has a definite 0D closed‐cage molecular structure composed of merely sp2‐hybridized carbon atoms, enabling it to serve as an important building block that is useful for constructing supramolecular assemblies and micro/nanofunctional materials. Conversely, graphene has a 2D layered structure, possessing an exceptionally large specific surface area and high carrier mobility. Likewise, other emerging graphene‐analogous 2D nanomaterials, such as graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), and black phosphorus (BP), show unique electronic, physical, and chemical properties, which, however, exist only in the form of a monolayer and are typically anisotropic, limiting their applications. Upon hybridization with fullerenes, noncovalently or covalently, the physical/chemical properties of 2D nanomaterials can be tailored and, in most cases, improved, significantly extending their functionalities and applications. Here, an exhaustive review of all types of hybrids of fullerenes and 2D nanomaterials, such as graphene, g‐C3N4, TMDs, h‐BN, and BP, including their preparations, structures, properties, and applications, is presented. Finally, the prospects of fullerene‐2D nanomaterial hybrids, especially the opportunity of creating unknown functional materials by means of hybridization, are envisioned.


Recent advances in emerging 2D nanomaterials for biosensing and bioimaging applications

Abstract: Abstract The great success of graphene throws new light on discovering more two-dimensional (2D) layered nanomaterials that stem from atomically thin 2D sheets. Compared with a single element of graphene, emerging graphene-like 2D materials composed of multiple elements that possess more versatility, greater flexibility and better functionality with a wide range of potential applications. In this review, we provide insights into the rapidly emerging 2D materials and their biosensing and bioimaging applications in recent three years, including 2D transition metal nanomaterials, graphitic nitride materials, black phosphorus, and emerging 2D organic polymers. We first briefly highlight their unique 2D morphology and physicochemical properties and then focus on their recent applications in electrochemical biosensing, optical biosensing and bioimaging. The challenges and some thoughts on future perspectives in this field are also addressed.


Application of graphene-based materials in water purification: from the nanoscale to specific devices


A review of top-down and bottom-up synthesis methods for the production of graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide


Electrically-Transduced Chemical Sensors Based on Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials.

Abstract: Electrically-transduced sensors, with their simplicity and compatibility with standard electronic technologies, produce signals that can be efficiently acquired, processed, stored, and analyzed. Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, including graphene, phosphorene (BP), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), and others, have proven to be attractive for the fabrication of high-performance electrically-transduced chemical sensors due to their remarkable electronic and physical properties originating from their 2D structure. This review highlights the advances in electrically-transduced chemical sensing that rely on 2D materials. The structural components of such sensors are described, and the underlying operating principles for different types of architectures are discussed. The structural features, electronic properties, and surface chemistry of 2D nanostructures that dictate their sensing performance are reviewed. Key advances in the application of 2D materials, from both a historical and analytical perspective, are summarized for four different groups of analytes: gases, volatile compounds, ions, and biomolecules. The sensing performance is discussed in the context of the molecular design, structure-property relationships, and device fabrication technology. The outlook of challenges and opportunities for 2D nanomaterials for the future development of electrically-transduced sensors is also presented.


Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials.


Scalable 2D Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanosheets for Flexible Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Energy Density


Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenide nanomaterials: synthesis, applications and future perspectives.


Sandwiched Fe3O4/Carboxylate Graphene Oxide Nanostructures Constructed by Layer-by-Layer Assembly for Highly Efficient and Magnetically Recyclable Dye Removal


Beyond graphene: Electrochemical sensors and biosensors for biomarkers detection.


Rational Design of Carbon-Based 2D Nanostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: A Dimensionality Perspective.

Abstract: Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is a revolutionary approach to solve imminent energy and environmental issues by replicating the ingenuity of nature. The past decade has witnessed an impetus in the rise of two-dimensional (2D) structure materials as advanced nanomaterials to boost photocatalytic activities. In particular, the use of 2D carbon-based materials is deemed as highly favorable, not only as a green material choice, but also due to their exceptional physicochemical and electrical properties. This review article presents a diverse range of alterations and compositions derived from 2D carbon-based nanomaterials, mainly graphene and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), which have remarkably ameliorated the photocatalytic CO2 performance. Herein, the rational design of the photocatalyst systems with consideration on the aspect of dimensionality and the resultant heterostructures at the interface are systematically analyzed to elucidate an insightful perspective on this pacey subject. Finally, a conclusion and outlook on the limitations and prospects of the cutting-edge research field are highlighted.


Enhanced photocatalytic activity at multidimensional interface of 1D-Bi2S3@2D-GO/3D-BiOI ternary nanocomposites for tetracycline degradation under visible-light.

Abstract: Structural dimensionality and surface morphology are key properties that greatly affect the functionalities of materials. Herein, we report a synthesis of dimensionally coupled ternary nanocomposites from three-dimensional (3D) bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI), two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO), and one-dimensional (1D) bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanomaterials for tetracycline degradation under visible-light irradiation. The 2%-Bi2S3@1%-GO/BiOI ternary nanocomposites show higher degradation efficiency than neat 3D-BiOI. The coupling of neat 1D-Bi2S3 with the 1%-GO/BiOI binary nanocomposite does not increase the specific surface area of the resulting 2%-Bi2S3@1%-GO/3D-BiOI ternary nanocomposite, but enhances notably its charge carrier separation and migration, according to the analysis of the higher photocurrent, smaller arc radius of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and lower photoluminescence intensity. The observed results suggest that the combination of dimensionally coupled composites provides a synergistic effect through an efficient charge transfer process. This work offers new insights into the design and construction of dimensionally coupled ternary nanocomposites for environmental remediation applications.


Two dimensional nanomaterials for flexible supercapacitors.


Innovation and discovery of graphene‐like materials via density‐functional theory computations

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science


Recent advances of 3D graphene-based adsorbents for sample preparation of water pollutants: A review

Abstract: Abstract Recently, the researches about graphene-materials as efficient adsorbents have been promoted from two-dimension (2D) to three-dimension (3D). Compared with 2D graphene-materials, 3D graphene-based macrostructures not only preserve the original properties of constituent monomers, but also possess new collective physiochemical properties, making them more attractive as versatile adsorbents in sample preparation. In this review, we will innovatively summarize the recently published various kinds of 3D graphene-based adsorbents from the angles of material type (including pure 3D graphene and decorated with different materials: atom/molecule, inorganic-nanomaterials, polymers, carbon-nanomaterials and hybrid-composite-materials). Furthermore, we will discuss their applications for removing of various water pollutants (oils and organic solvents, dyes, metal ions, drugs, endocrine-disrupting chemicals and others). At last, the challenges and future outlook of 3D graphene-based adsorbents will also be discussed.


One-pot synthesis of hierarchical porous covalent organic frameworks and two-dimensional nanomaterials for selective removal of anionic dyes

Abstract: Abstract Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are new generation of porous materials constructed from light elements (such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen) linked via covalent bonds. Herein, one-pot synthesis of the composite of a COF and two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (graphene oxide (GO), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and boron nitride (BN)) was reported. Melamine is poly-condensed with terephthaldehyde in the presence of GO, g-C3N4, and BN leading to the formation of a series of highly cross-linked microporous hierarchical porous amine networks. The thermal behavior, surface morphology, and crystalline structure were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The prepared COF nanocomposites possessed a high surface area of 42-509 m2 g−1 with a hierarchical porous structure and high thermal stability. COF nanocomposites (COF@GO, COF@g-C3N4, and COF@BN) were explored as an adsorbent for dye removal anionic dyes (Eosin dye and fluorescein) and cationic dyes (Fuchsine, and methylene blue). The composite materials exhibit high adsorption efficiency of 100% with excellent selectivity compared to the pristine COF. The synergic effect of COF and 2D nanomaterials improves the adsorption performance of the materials.

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering


Electrical Property of Graphene and Its Application to Electrochemical Biosensing

Abstract: Graphene, a single atom thick layer of two-dimensional closely packed honeycomb carbon lattice, and its derivatives have attracted much attention in the field of biomedical, due to its unique physicochemical properties. The valuable physicochemical properties, such as high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, remarkable biocompatibility and ease of surface functionalization have shown great potentials in the applications of graphene-based bioelectronics devices, including electrochemical biosensors for biomarker analysis. In this review, we will provide a selective overview of recent advances on synthesis methods of graphene and its derivatives, as well as its application to electrochemical biosensor development. We believe the topics discussed here are useful, and able to provide a guideline in the development of novel graphene and on graphene-like 2-dimensional (2D) materials based biosensors in the future.


Graphene nanosheet: synthesis, molecular engineering, thin film, hybrids, and energy and analytical applications.


Hierarchical nanocomposites of polyaniline nanowire arrays on graphene oxide sheets with synergistic effect for energy storage.


Two‐Dimensional Nanostructured Materials for Gas Sensing


Cytotoxicity evaluation of oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide on human hepatoma HepG2 cells: an iTRAQ-coupled 2D LC-MS/MS proteome analysis.

Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology


V2O5-Based nanomaterials: synthesis and their applications

Abstract: As an important part of lithium-ion batteries, the cathode material can directly affect the performance of lithium-ion batteries. However, with the increasing demand for high-energy and high-power devices, the energy and power density of electrode materials need to be further improved. Among all metal oxides, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is regarded as a promising candidate to serve as a cathode material for LIBs due to its high theoretical capacity. Herein, a thorough survey of the synthesis of V2O5-based nanomaterials with various structures and chemical compositions and their application as positive electrodes for LIBs is provided. This review covers V2O5 with different morphologies ranging from 1D nanorods/nanowires/nanotubes/nanofibers/nanobelts, to 2D nanosheets, and to 3D hollow and porous nanostructures. Nanocomposites consisting of V2O5 and different carbonaceous supports, e.g., amorphous carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, are also investigated. The cation-doped V2O5 samples as the cathode material for LIBs are briefly discussed as well. The aim of this review is to provide an in-depth and rational understanding of how the electrochemical properties of V2O5-based cathodes can be effectively enhanced by achieving proper nanostructures with optimized chemical composition.


Graphene Oxide Liquid Crystals: Discovery, Evolution and Applications


Two‐Dimensional Soft Nanomaterials: A Fascinating World of Materials