Prompt: The devastated husband of a woman who drowned in a ‘freak’ snorkelling accident has posted a heartbreaking tribute to her on Facebook. Teresa Swarbrick, known affectionately to her friends and family as Etch, died on April 8 after reportedly getting into trouble in the water near Julian Rocks off the coast of Byron Bay in NSW. The mother of two, from Western Sydney, was caught in strong currents and lost consciousness before being pulled from the water. Lifeguards and paramedics were unable to revive her with CPR. Mrs Swarbrick’s husband Alan posted on her Facebook page: ‘Hello to all of Etch's beautiful Facebook friends and family. This message is from Teresa’s husband Alan and is one of the few messages I have ever posted on Facebook but it is by far the hardest I will ever need to.’ Alan Swarbrick (left) has posted a heartbreaking tribute to his wife Teresa (right) after she drowned while snorkelling . The mother of two died on April 8 after reportedly getting into trouble in the water near Julian Rocks off the coast of Byron Bay in NSW . He wrote: ‘On Wednesday 8th April 2015 at approx 3:30 pm we lost our beautiful Teresa or Etch as we all know her when she drowned in a freak accident on a snorkelling trip at Byron Bay, NSW . ‘At this stage I do not know what to say, there are no words to express my sadness and devastation for our family. ‘She is a special soul and I simply cannot express the love we had together, it is a very special bond and I love her so much. I know she also loved James and Abbey with that same special bond. ‘She loved all the special friends she had and cherished all of you and the many memories we had together. I know she would want me to share this sad message with you.’ Mrs Swarbrick's husband Alan posted on her Facebook page: ‘This is one of the few messages I have ever posted on facebook but it is by far the hardest I will ever need to.' Mrs Swarbrick is pictured here with her husband and two children Abbey and James . ‘She is a special soul and I simply cannot express the love we had together,' Mr Swarbrick said . He signed off the tribute by saying: ‘I am sorry that I am short for words but we are still in shock and totally lost on what to say to all of you. She is always in our hearts and with us all. Lots of Love, From Alan, Abbey and James xx.’ Mrs Swarbrick’s daughter Abbey commented on the status, writing: ‘Stay strong to everyone else as well.’ Dozens of friends sent outpourings of love and support to the family. Leticia M. Hill: ‘I am heartsick, devastated and totally saddened by this tragic news!!! I'm typing this with tears in my eyes! I wish I could hold you all in my arms!’ Jazmin Sol said: ‘I am so so sorry for your loss Al, James and Abbey. It's such devastating news I just cannot believe it. Such a beautiful person inside and out she will be missed terribly. If you need anything at all please let us know. Xxxx’ Mrs Swarbrick’s funeral will be held this Friday. Mr Swarbrick signed of his message by writing 'I am sorry that I am short for words but we are still in shock'

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

The devastated husband of a woman who drowned in a ‘freak’ snorkelling accident has posted a heartbreaking tribute to her on Facebook. Teresa Swarbrick, known affectionately to her friends and family as Etch, died on April 8 after reportedly getting into trouble in the water near Julian Rocks off the coast of Byron Bay in NSW. The mother of two, from Western Sydney, was caught in strong currents and lost consciousness before being pulled from the water. Lifeguards and paramedics were unable to revive her with CPR. Mrs Swarbrick’s husband Alan posted on her Facebook page: ‘Hello to all of Etch's beautiful Facebook friends and family. This message is from Teresa’s husband Alan and is one of the few messages I have ever posted on Facebook but it is by far the hardest I will ever need to.’ Alan Swarbrick (left) has posted a heartbreaking tribute to his wife Teresa (right) after she drowned while snorkelling . The mother of two died on April 8 after reportedly getting into trouble in the water near Julian Rocks off the coast of Byron Bay in NSW . He wrote: ‘On Wednesday 8th April 2015 at approx 3:30 pm we lost our beautiful Teresa or Etch as we all know her when she drowned in a freak accident on a snorkelling trip at Byron Bay, NSW . ‘At this stage I do not know what to say, there are no words to express my sadness and devastation for our family. ‘She is a special soul and I simply cannot express the love we had together, it is a very special bond and I love her so much. I know she also loved James and Abbey with that same special bond. ‘She loved all the special friends she had and cherished all of you and the many memories we had together. I know she would want me to share this sad message with you.’ Mrs Swarbrick's husband Alan posted on her Facebook page: ‘This is one of the few messages I have ever posted on facebook but it is by far the hardest I will ever need to.' Mrs Swarbrick is pictured here with her husband and two children Abbey and James . ‘She is a special soul and I simply cannot express the love we had together,' Mr Swarbrick said . He signed off the tribute by saying: ‘I am sorry that I am short for words but we are still in shock and totally lost on what to say to all of you. She is always in our hearts and with us all. Lots of Love, From Alan, Abbey and James xx.’ Mrs Swarbrick’s daughter Abbey commented on the status, writing: ‘Stay strong to everyone else as well.’ Dozens of friends sent outpourings of love and support to the family. Leticia M. Hill: ‘I am heartsick, devastated and totally saddened by this tragic news!!! I'm typing this with tears in my eyes! I wish I could hold you all in my arms!’ Jazmin Sol said: ‘I am so so sorry for your loss Al, James and Abbey. It's such devastating news I just cannot believe it. Such a beautiful person inside and out she will be missed terribly. If you need anything at all please let us know. Xxxx’ Mrs Swarbrick’s funeral will be held this Friday. Mr Swarbrick signed of his message by writing 'I am sorry that I am short for words but we are still in shock'

Teresa Swarbrick drowned on April 8 off the coast of Byron Bay, NSW .
Her husband Alan described her as a 'special soul' in a Facebook tribute .
'I simply cannot express the love we had together,' he said .
The mother of two was caught in strong currents while snorkelling .
Lifeguards and paramedics were unable to revive her with CPR .


Prompt: Arsene Wenger says something must be done to solve the fixture scheduling mess which means Arsenal's FA Cup semi-final will clash with a key Premier League title game. Arsenal will take on Reading on Saturday evening as league leaders Chelsea take on Manchester United at Stamford Bridge. The Gunners boss also branded rumours that he will be replaced by Borussia Dortmund manager Jurgen Klopp as 'ridiculous', after the German announced he will be leaving the club this summer. Mesut Ozil pictured during Arsenal's training session ahead of their match with Reading on Saturday . Arsenal will take on Reading on Saturday as league leaders Chelsea take on Manchester United at home . Santi Cazorla and Aaron Ramsey could star for Arsenal in their FA Cup semi-final with Reading . Alexis Sanchez (left) tries to escape Per Mertesacker during Arsenal's training session on Thursday . Arsene Wenger says something must be done to solve the fixture scheduling mess in England . Dortmund manager Jurgen Klopp oversees training on Thursday ahead of this weekend's match . On TV scheduling, Wenger said: 'Something should be done. I'm surprised they don't analyse it in the TV deals. I'm surprised a game of the same stature is played at the same time. There's a little conflict there. It's difficult to understand.' 'We would like it to be a unique competition that's played, especially a semi-final or final and don't want it to be conflicting with other competitions. It's a very big game (at Chelsea). It's a surprise to me.' Wenger admits a United win at Chelsea could open up the title race again. 'Mathematically yes,' he said. 'But we have to keep winning.' Klopp confirmed on Wednesday his intention to leave Dortmund at the end of the season after seven years in which the club won two Bundesliga titles and reached the Champions League final. It sparked a frenzy of speculation about whether the charismatic 47-year-old might be destined for England with Arsenal or Manchester City, where manager Manuel Pellegrini is feeling the heat after a poor run of form. Wenger hit out at the TV scheduling as Manchester United's trip to Chelsea clashes with the semi-final . Wenger has branded the 'circus' around Jurgen Klopp's resignation as 'ridiculous' 'I'm not an agency to place managers,' said Wenger, when asked about Klopp's announcement. 'I like every manager and respect, everybody. I find that circus a bit ridiculous. 'It's down to every club to make the right decision and to respect Dortmund. Dortmund is a massive club and will survive, they have the ability to keep their best players. They have a big history linked with great results and great achievements so I don't think that will stop for Dortmund.' Arsenal will have Jack Wilshere available for the semi-final against Reading, as he trained on Thursday with the club at their base. Wojciech Szczesny will start in the tie, and was also put through his paces during Arsenal's training session. The Gunners boss says his team have learned from last season, when they fell behind at this stage against Wigan and needed penalties to beat the Championship side. 'It's my 10th semi-final and that means we know how to prepare but it's always tricky,' he added. 'We learned from Wigan last year. It's always a special occasion to share with our fans. We want them to go home happy.' Wenger confirmed that second-choice keeper Wojciech Szczesny will start at Wembley on Saturday . Szczesny will start for Wenger on Saturday when Arsenal try to book their place in the FA Cup final . Jack Wilshere, who played against Reading U21s this week, will be fit to face the Championship side . Arsenal scored late on last season to earn a draw at this stage against another Championship side Wigan . Lukas Fabianski was the hero last season as the Gunners reached the final via a penalty shootout .

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

Arsene Wenger says something must be done to solve the fixture scheduling mess which means Arsenal's FA Cup semi-final will clash with a key Premier League title game. Arsenal will take on Reading on Saturday evening as league leaders Chelsea take on Manchester United at Stamford Bridge. The Gunners boss also branded rumours that he will be replaced by Borussia Dortmund manager Jurgen Klopp as 'ridiculous', after the German announced he will be leaving the club this summer. Mesut Ozil pictured during Arsenal's training session ahead of their match with Reading on Saturday . Arsenal will take on Reading on Saturday as league leaders Chelsea take on Manchester United at home . Santi Cazorla and Aaron Ramsey could star for Arsenal in their FA Cup semi-final with Reading . Alexis Sanchez (left) tries to escape Per Mertesacker during Arsenal's training session on Thursday . Arsene Wenger says something must be done to solve the fixture scheduling mess in England . Dortmund manager Jurgen Klopp oversees training on Thursday ahead of this weekend's match . On TV scheduling, Wenger said: 'Something should be done. I'm surprised they don't analyse it in the TV deals. I'm surprised a game of the same stature is played at the same time. There's a little conflict there. It's difficult to understand.' 'We would like it to be a unique competition that's played, especially a semi-final or final and don't want it to be conflicting with other competitions. It's a very big game (at Chelsea). It's a surprise to me.' Wenger admits a United win at Chelsea could open up the title race again. 'Mathematically yes,' he said. 'But we have to keep winning.' Klopp confirmed on Wednesday his intention to leave Dortmund at the end of the season after seven years in which the club won two Bundesliga titles and reached the Champions League final. It sparked a frenzy of speculation about whether the charismatic 47-year-old might be destined for England with Arsenal or Manchester City, where manager Manuel Pellegrini is feeling the heat after a poor run of form. Wenger hit out at the TV scheduling as Manchester United's trip to Chelsea clashes with the semi-final . Wenger has branded the 'circus' around Jurgen Klopp's resignation as 'ridiculous' 'I'm not an agency to place managers,' said Wenger, when asked about Klopp's announcement. 'I like every manager and respect, everybody. I find that circus a bit ridiculous. 'It's down to every club to make the right decision and to respect Dortmund. Dortmund is a massive club and will survive, they have the ability to keep their best players. They have a big history linked with great results and great achievements so I don't think that will stop for Dortmund.' Arsenal will have Jack Wilshere available for the semi-final against Reading, as he trained on Thursday with the club at their base. Wojciech Szczesny will start in the tie, and was also put through his paces during Arsenal's training session. The Gunners boss says his team have learned from last season, when they fell behind at this stage against Wigan and needed penalties to beat the Championship side. 'It's my 10th semi-final and that means we know how to prepare but it's always tricky,' he added. 'We learned from Wigan last year. It's always a special occasion to share with our fans. We want them to go home happy.' Wenger confirmed that second-choice keeper Wojciech Szczesny will start at Wembley on Saturday . Szczesny will start for Wenger on Saturday when Arsenal try to book their place in the FA Cup final . Jack Wilshere, who played against Reading U21s this week, will be fit to face the Championship side . Arsenal scored late on last season to earn a draw at this stage against another Championship side Wigan . Lukas Fabianski was the hero last season as the Gunners reached the final via a penalty shootout .

Arsenal play Reading in FA Cup semi-final on Saturday evening .
Chelsea kick off against Manchester United 10 minutes later .
Wenger says 'something should be done' and 'it is difficult to understand'
Arsenal manager also brands circus around Jurgen Klopp 'ridiculous'
Klopp announce on Wednesday he will leave Dortmund this summer .


Prompt: Barclays chairman Sir David Walker defended the bank’s decision to pay out £1.86billion in bonuses . Furious Barclays shareholders vented frustration at the generous pay packages handed to hundreds of its top traders yesterday – with one investor asking: ‘What has their “talent” ever done for us?’ The scandal-hit lender faced a barrage of criticism from long-suffering investors, many of them pensioners, at its annual general meeting in London. Shareholders are reeling from big losses in their investments and pension funds as Barclays’ share price has plunged since the financial crisis. Last year its profits dropped again by 21 per cent to £2.3billion after it was hit by huge bills for wrongdoing. But yesterday chairman Sir David Walker defended the bank’s decision to pay out £1.86billion in bonuses, including packages of more than £1million to 359 employees. Group chief executive Antony Jenkins saw his pay package more than triple to £5.5million, after opting to accept a £1.1million bonus. Facing criticism over the pay package, Sir David claimed the bank needed to pay ‘competitively’ to attract the best talent. But the argument received short shrift from investors who have seen Barclays fork out billions for various scandals while the share price has fallen from £7 to just under £2.60. During the height of the financial crisis in 2009 they fell to 47p, leaving many savers who sold their shares with huge losses. Shareholder Phil Clarke said: ‘Employees should share the wealth created by great companies. My problem is what happens when there is no success – and there is limited success in this company.’ Referring to Monty Python’s ‘what have the Romans ever done for us’ sketch, Mr Clarke said: ‘I’d like to paraphrase Monty Python and ask what has all this “talent” done for us? ‘The answer is this talent has made losses for shareholders, destroyed value and dragged our reputation through the mud to the extent that banker has become a dirty word. Yet these people have enjoyed massive salaries and we’ve paid for it.’ At the meeting, Barclays’ bosses referred repeatedly to the moral values of the bank’s Quaker founders, with chairman Sir David describing how they ‘relied on their own hard work, pioneering spirit and moral code to become trusted figures in their communities’. Huge bonuses: Group chief executive Antony Jenkins saw his pay package more than triple to £5.5million, after  accepting a £1.1million bonus.  Sir David said the bank had to pay ‘competitively’ to attract the best talent . Billion pound bill: Barclays is currently waiting for a huge fine for manipulating the £3trillion-a-day foreign exchange market, and has set aside almost £1.3billion so far for the scandal . Rogue traders in London orchestrated a worldwide conspiracy to rig interest rates, landing Germany’s biggest bank with a record £1.7billion fine. Several banks have already been penalised after traders were caught manipulating Libor interest rates, which are used to set the cost of mortgages and are linked to trillions of dollars of investments around the world. So far total fines against banks including Barclays and Royal Bank of Scotland have hit £5.6billion. But the latest settlement dwarfs the £1billion levied against UBS in 2012, which was previously the biggest fine issued for rigging Libor rates. At least 29 employees were involved in the wrongdoing, which lasted between January 2005 and December 2010. Most of the rogue staff were based in London, but they also worked in Frankfurt, Toyko and New York – showing the global nature of the conspiracy. So far just 12 of the people involved in rate-rigging have been sacked, but US regulators have now ordered Deutsche Bank to fire another seven staff, including six senior employees in London. Richard Lloyd, executive director at consumer group Which?, said: ‘Rigged markets will ultimately hit people in the pocket, so the regulator must continue to take tough action.’ Jurgen Fitschen and Anshu Jain, co-chief executive officers of Deutsche Bank, said: ‘The Bank accepts the findings of the regulators. We deeply regret this matter but are pleased to have resolved it.’ But the comments incensed one pensioner – who pointed to the ‘criminal’ behaviour of Barclays in the 21st century. Barclays is currently waiting for a huge fine for manipulating the £3trillion-a-day foreign exchange market, and has set aside almost £1.3billion so far for the scandal. Last year it was also forced to set aside £1.1billion for mis-selling payment protection insurance, taking its total bill so far to £5.2billion. Michael Mason–Mahon said: ‘The men who started it were honourable. But you seem to have lost your way.’ He added: ‘Our society cannot longer cope with bankers that are hell-bent on criminal acts, leaving shareholders to pick up the tab.’

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

Barclays chairman Sir David Walker defended the bank’s decision to pay out £1.86billion in bonuses . Furious Barclays shareholders vented frustration at the generous pay packages handed to hundreds of its top traders yesterday – with one investor asking: ‘What has their “talent” ever done for us?’ The scandal-hit lender faced a barrage of criticism from long-suffering investors, many of them pensioners, at its annual general meeting in London. Shareholders are reeling from big losses in their investments and pension funds as Barclays’ share price has plunged since the financial crisis. Last year its profits dropped again by 21 per cent to £2.3billion after it was hit by huge bills for wrongdoing. But yesterday chairman Sir David Walker defended the bank’s decision to pay out £1.86billion in bonuses, including packages of more than £1million to 359 employees. Group chief executive Antony Jenkins saw his pay package more than triple to £5.5million, after opting to accept a £1.1million bonus. Facing criticism over the pay package, Sir David claimed the bank needed to pay ‘competitively’ to attract the best talent. But the argument received short shrift from investors who have seen Barclays fork out billions for various scandals while the share price has fallen from £7 to just under £2.60. During the height of the financial crisis in 2009 they fell to 47p, leaving many savers who sold their shares with huge losses. Shareholder Phil Clarke said: ‘Employees should share the wealth created by great companies. My problem is what happens when there is no success – and there is limited success in this company.’ Referring to Monty Python’s ‘what have the Romans ever done for us’ sketch, Mr Clarke said: ‘I’d like to paraphrase Monty Python and ask what has all this “talent” done for us? ‘The answer is this talent has made losses for shareholders, destroyed value and dragged our reputation through the mud to the extent that banker has become a dirty word. Yet these people have enjoyed massive salaries and we’ve paid for it.’ At the meeting, Barclays’ bosses referred repeatedly to the moral values of the bank’s Quaker founders, with chairman Sir David describing how they ‘relied on their own hard work, pioneering spirit and moral code to become trusted figures in their communities’. Huge bonuses: Group chief executive Antony Jenkins saw his pay package more than triple to £5.5million, after  accepting a £1.1million bonus.  Sir David said the bank had to pay ‘competitively’ to attract the best talent . Billion pound bill: Barclays is currently waiting for a huge fine for manipulating the £3trillion-a-day foreign exchange market, and has set aside almost £1.3billion so far for the scandal . Rogue traders in London orchestrated a worldwide conspiracy to rig interest rates, landing Germany’s biggest bank with a record £1.7billion fine. Several banks have already been penalised after traders were caught manipulating Libor interest rates, which are used to set the cost of mortgages and are linked to trillions of dollars of investments around the world. So far total fines against banks including Barclays and Royal Bank of Scotland have hit £5.6billion. But the latest settlement dwarfs the £1billion levied against UBS in 2012, which was previously the biggest fine issued for rigging Libor rates. At least 29 employees were involved in the wrongdoing, which lasted between January 2005 and December 2010. Most of the rogue staff were based in London, but they also worked in Frankfurt, Toyko and New York – showing the global nature of the conspiracy. So far just 12 of the people involved in rate-rigging have been sacked, but US regulators have now ordered Deutsche Bank to fire another seven staff, including six senior employees in London. Richard Lloyd, executive director at consumer group Which?, said: ‘Rigged markets will ultimately hit people in the pocket, so the regulator must continue to take tough action.’ Jurgen Fitschen and Anshu Jain, co-chief executive officers of Deutsche Bank, said: ‘The Bank accepts the findings of the regulators. We deeply regret this matter but are pleased to have resolved it.’ But the comments incensed one pensioner – who pointed to the ‘criminal’ behaviour of Barclays in the 21st century. Barclays is currently waiting for a huge fine for manipulating the £3trillion-a-day foreign exchange market, and has set aside almost £1.3billion so far for the scandal. Last year it was also forced to set aside £1.1billion for mis-selling payment protection insurance, taking its total bill so far to £5.2billion. Michael Mason–Mahon said: ‘The men who started it were honourable. But you seem to have lost your way.’ He added: ‘Our society cannot longer cope with bankers that are hell-bent on criminal acts, leaving shareholders to pick up the tab.’

Barclays shareholders angered by generous pay packages for top traders .
Investors reeling as bank's share price has plunged since financial crisis .
Bank has also been hit by huge bills for wrongdoing, with another coming .
Chairman Sir David Walker defended  pay out of £1.86billion in bonuses .


Prompt: Nasa could afford to send  US astronauts to Mars orbit by 2033 and onto the Red Planet's surface by 2039, a new report has claimed. The Planetary Society analysed the feasibility and cost of a crewed mission to orbit the Martian moon Phobos in 2033, leading up to a crewed landing on the Red Planet in 2039. It concluded that such a plan could indeed fit within NASA's human space exploration budget - but that politics is holding the decision back. Scroll down for video . The Planetary Society says Nasa can afford a crewed mission to orbit the Martian moon Phobos in 2033, leading up to a crewed landing on the Red Planet in 2039 . The Phobos orbital mission would last approximately 30 months, with nine months of travel each way and 12 months in orbit, the panelists said. Crewmembers would be able to study Phobos and Deimos, Mars' other moon, and potentially teleoperate rovers on the Martian surface. The panel said the current plan would use an Orion spacecraft to move crewmembers from Earth into orbit and back down. 'We believe we now have an example of a long-term, cost-constrained, executable humans-to-Mars program,' Scott Hubbard, a professor in the Stanford University Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics and a member of The Planetary Society's board of directors, said. 'This workshop was an important step in community-building among the many groups interested in Mars science and exploration.' The Society's CEO (and former TV 'Science Guy') Bill Nye, said: 'Getting humans to Mars is far more complex than getting to Earth's Moon,' said Nye. 'But space exploration brings out the best in us. 'By reaching consensus on the right set of missions, we can send humans to Mars without breaking the bank.' The workshop's 70 attendees discussed the technical feasibility, affordability and benefits of a proposed schedule to get humans into orbit around Mars and eventually onto the planet's surface, using a detailed plan was not created by The Planetary Society, but was proposed in a separate report co-created by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Phobos is the larger and inner of the two natural satellites of Mars, the other being Deimos. Both moons were discovered in 1877. The workshop 'reached a consensus' on a series of key points, including that an orbital mission would be required prior to a crewed mission to the surface of Mars, and an independent cost estimate showed that the program would fit into the NASA budget, assuming the agency 'ends its lead role in the International Space Station.' The 2033 orbital mission was identified as the crucial first step of the plan, comparing it to NASA's Apollo 8 mission, which took astronauts into orbit around the moon before humans landed on the satellite's surface. The Phobos orbital mission would last approximately 30 months, with nine months of travel each way and 12 months in orbit, the panelists said. Crewmembers would be able to study Phobos and Deimos, Mars' other moon, and potentially teleoperate rovers on the Martian surface. The panel said the current plan would use an Orion spacecraft to move crewmembers from Earth into orbit and back down. 'While the conditions for another Apollo-era Kennedy moment don't exist, we have a highly skilled scientific engineering and policy community that is eager to get going on sending humans to Mars,' said Dr. John Logsdon, workshop co-chair and professor emeritus, Space Policy Institute, Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University. 'We believe the consensus points achieved during this workshop can get us moving down the path to the Red Planet.' The 'Humans Orbiting Mars' workshop took place in Washington, D.C. Various forms of propulsion have been touted for a mission to Mars, including chemical, ion (electric) and nuclear. But while nuclear is often said to be the 'holy grail', the team found it did not noticeably shorten the mission over other versions. Shown is an illustration of a concept Mars Transfer Vehicle . Logsdon said he thinks a decision on whether to adopt the plan is 'an issue for the next president.' Hubbard said that, in the past, Mars missions may have been limited by technological or scientific challenges, but that no longer appears to be the case. 'In the past, when the question of humans to Mars came up, I would typically cite a number of major hurdles: biomedical, launch systems and so forth,' he said. 'And as of today, I think that those risks have either been reduced or you know how to minimize them, and so I am at the same place that John [Logsdon] and Bill [Nye] [are], that I think the issue now is […] political will.' Shown is a graph of the different types of propulsion for a mission to Mars, how much they would weigh and their travel time. CECE is a type of chemical propulsion, Nerva is nuclear propulsion, RIT-XT is ion (electric) propulsion and PEMT is Pure Electro-Magnetic Thrust . Owing to the orbits of Earth and Mars there are specific windows of opportunity when a mission can take place. Our planets come as close to each other as 33.9 million miles (54.6 million km), but can be as distant as 250 million miles (400 million km). For this reason spacecraft to Mars, such as the Curiosity rover, have to launch in certain windows when the planets are aligned. The next window is open from January 2016 to April 2016, and will see the launch of two more missions to the red planet. For a future manned mission, they will need to launch out in one of the windows and return in one, which will take two years in total. Just getting there will take up to nine months. The astronauts will be there waiting for a year until they can come back - a total of around three years.

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

Nasa could afford to send  US astronauts to Mars orbit by 2033 and onto the Red Planet's surface by 2039, a new report has claimed. The Planetary Society analysed the feasibility and cost of a crewed mission to orbit the Martian moon Phobos in 2033, leading up to a crewed landing on the Red Planet in 2039. It concluded that such a plan could indeed fit within NASA's human space exploration budget - but that politics is holding the decision back. Scroll down for video . The Planetary Society says Nasa can afford a crewed mission to orbit the Martian moon Phobos in 2033, leading up to a crewed landing on the Red Planet in 2039 . The Phobos orbital mission would last approximately 30 months, with nine months of travel each way and 12 months in orbit, the panelists said. Crewmembers would be able to study Phobos and Deimos, Mars' other moon, and potentially teleoperate rovers on the Martian surface. The panel said the current plan would use an Orion spacecraft to move crewmembers from Earth into orbit and back down. 'We believe we now have an example of a long-term, cost-constrained, executable humans-to-Mars program,' Scott Hubbard, a professor in the Stanford University Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics and a member of The Planetary Society's board of directors, said. 'This workshop was an important step in community-building among the many groups interested in Mars science and exploration.' The Society's CEO (and former TV 'Science Guy') Bill Nye, said: 'Getting humans to Mars is far more complex than getting to Earth's Moon,' said Nye. 'But space exploration brings out the best in us. 'By reaching consensus on the right set of missions, we can send humans to Mars without breaking the bank.' The workshop's 70 attendees discussed the technical feasibility, affordability and benefits of a proposed schedule to get humans into orbit around Mars and eventually onto the planet's surface, using a detailed plan was not created by The Planetary Society, but was proposed in a separate report co-created by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Phobos is the larger and inner of the two natural satellites of Mars, the other being Deimos. Both moons were discovered in 1877. The workshop 'reached a consensus' on a series of key points, including that an orbital mission would be required prior to a crewed mission to the surface of Mars, and an independent cost estimate showed that the program would fit into the NASA budget, assuming the agency 'ends its lead role in the International Space Station.' The 2033 orbital mission was identified as the crucial first step of the plan, comparing it to NASA's Apollo 8 mission, which took astronauts into orbit around the moon before humans landed on the satellite's surface. The Phobos orbital mission would last approximately 30 months, with nine months of travel each way and 12 months in orbit, the panelists said. Crewmembers would be able to study Phobos and Deimos, Mars' other moon, and potentially teleoperate rovers on the Martian surface. The panel said the current plan would use an Orion spacecraft to move crewmembers from Earth into orbit and back down. 'While the conditions for another Apollo-era Kennedy moment don't exist, we have a highly skilled scientific engineering and policy community that is eager to get going on sending humans to Mars,' said Dr. John Logsdon, workshop co-chair and professor emeritus, Space Policy Institute, Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University. 'We believe the consensus points achieved during this workshop can get us moving down the path to the Red Planet.' The 'Humans Orbiting Mars' workshop took place in Washington, D.C. Various forms of propulsion have been touted for a mission to Mars, including chemical, ion (electric) and nuclear. But while nuclear is often said to be the 'holy grail', the team found it did not noticeably shorten the mission over other versions. Shown is an illustration of a concept Mars Transfer Vehicle . Logsdon said he thinks a decision on whether to adopt the plan is 'an issue for the next president.' Hubbard said that, in the past, Mars missions may have been limited by technological or scientific challenges, but that no longer appears to be the case. 'In the past, when the question of humans to Mars came up, I would typically cite a number of major hurdles: biomedical, launch systems and so forth,' he said. 'And as of today, I think that those risks have either been reduced or you know how to minimize them, and so I am at the same place that John [Logsdon] and Bill [Nye] [are], that I think the issue now is […] political will.' Shown is a graph of the different types of propulsion for a mission to Mars, how much they would weigh and their travel time. CECE is a type of chemical propulsion, Nerva is nuclear propulsion, RIT-XT is ion (electric) propulsion and PEMT is Pure Electro-Magnetic Thrust . Owing to the orbits of Earth and Mars there are specific windows of opportunity when a mission can take place. Our planets come as close to each other as 33.9 million miles (54.6 million km), but can be as distant as 250 million miles (400 million km). For this reason spacecraft to Mars, such as the Curiosity rover, have to launch in certain windows when the planets are aligned. The next window is open from January 2016 to April 2016, and will see the launch of two more missions to the red planet. For a future manned mission, they will need to launch out in one of the windows and return in one, which will take two years in total. Just getting there will take up to nine months. The astronauts will be there waiting for a year until they can come back - a total of around three years.

Planetary Society analysed the feasibility and cost of missions .
Crewed mission to orbit the Martian moon Phobos in 2033 first step .
will lead up to a crewed landing on the Red Planet in 2039 .
Report says missions fit within NASA's human space exploration budget .


Prompt: Almost two weeks on from Liverpool’s wretched afternoon against Manchester United at Anfield, it would appear that lessons have already been learned. Asked about a setback that may yet cost Brendan Rodgers and his players a place in next season’s Champions League, the club’s midfielder Joe Allen was rueful. ‘They were ready to go and maybe we weren’t,’ Allen told a young supporter at Melwood this week. ‘Yeah, maybe the rivalry can sometimes get in the way.’ Joe Allen battles it out with Ander Herrera during Liverpool's Premier League defeat to Man United at Anfield . Liverpool midfielder Allen spoke to Sportsmail's Ian Ladyman at Liverpool's Melwood training ground . Midfielder Allen believes Liverpool have performed well against the big teams during the last two seasons . For Allen, and indeed for Liverpool, one suspects that their defeat by their greatest rival of all is already being viewed as merely another kink in the road. Certainly there is nobody at Anfield who will accept the opinion offered by Sky Sports’ Gary Neville, the former United defender, that Liverpool froze. ‘No, I don’t think that’s the problem,’ said Allen. ‘I think over the last two seasons we have performed against the big teams. Games can just be like that sometimes. It doesn’t happen very often. Next time that game comes around we will get it right.’ Over the past few months at Liverpool there has certainly been more right than wrong. Going into Saturday’s game at Arsenal, they are five points off fourth place in the Barclays Premier League but that still represents progress from the dark days of autumn and early winter. Allen, one senses, has been integral to recent improvement. With captain Steven Gerrard no longer an automatic starter and the Brazilian Lucas Leiva recently injured, the 25-year-old midfielder has been given an extended opportunity to prove his worth. Allen has been given an opportunity  with captain Steven Gerrard no longer an automatic choice for Liverpool . While Gerrard is no longer the first name on the teamsheet, Lucas Leiva (left) has also been sidelined . Having arrived with Rodgers from Swansea in 2012, Allen could not always be relied on. He admitted this week that at times the challenge seemed a little too big for him but he hopes that recent performances in big victories against Manchester City, Southampton and Swansea will one day be seen as evidence of a genuine breakthrough. ‘I think so, I hope so,’ Allen told Sportsmail. ‘Personally I have always been confident that I just needed games. ‘I will be open and honest, though. In my first season there were moments when I look back and am disappointed about how I did cope with that [mental] aspect of things. ‘Maybe I underestimated it a little bit before I came. I tried to anticipate it but you can’t do it until you get here. Now I have come through that and the only issue this season has been injuries. Hopefully I can stay fit now and show people the best of me.’ Allen’s increased standing at Liverpool saw him selected for a meet and greet with supporters this week. Guest of honour was Sean Melia, a volunteer at the Anfield Sports Community Centre who was present at Melwood as a ‘Barclays spirit of the game hero’. During a 20-minute Q&A with a group of supporters, Allen talked openly about the sad feeling at the club when Gerrard announced that he would not be staying and the devastation of last season’s title failure. ‘We understand that we gave it to Manchester City,’ he said. Allen admits, at times, the challenge of playing for Liverpool felt a little too big but has impressed recently . Gerrard consoles Luis Suarez as Liverpool's title hopes were dented against Crystal Palace last season . Allen also spoke of the feeling at the club after captain Gerrard announced he would be leaving the Reds . Later on, however, his conversation with Sportsmail was more personal and touched on his relationship with his older brother Harry, a talented footballer who plays for the Wales deaf side after losing his hearing to meningitis as a toddler. ‘When we were younger, he was a striker and he was a better player than me,’ revealed Allen. ‘At primary school I played with him and his mates and that gave me a little bit of a head start as they were two years older. ‘He is profoundly deaf but he speaks so well. I used to sign a little bit but he communicates so well now that I don’t need to. ‘Sibling rivalry is the perfect description of what we had, though. We loved playing against each other but there was a competitive edge to it. It’s a while back but I guess that is where the path all started for me. ‘It’s hard to say whether he would have made it - it is something that I do wonder about. But going out on to the pitch profoundly deaf is a huge disadvantage. So I don’t know. It’s one of those that we will never know the answer to…’ Home these days for Allen is the house he shares in Chester with his wife Lacey and son Alfie. Inherently private, he was a little embarrassed when Lacey posted a photograph on Twitter of last year’s birthday present. Then again a photograph of a top footballer holding a live chicken is rather unusual. Allen poses with a rooster bought for him by his wife for the Liverpool midfielder's 24th Birthday . Allen's wife, Lacey-Jo, shared the snap of Allen and his Birthday present on Twitter last year . Allen poses with Sean Melia, a volunteer at the Anfield Sports Community Centre who was present at Melwood as a ‘Barclays spirit of the game hero’ ‘It was just a “What do you get the guy who has everything?” kind of present,’ laughed Allen, fidgeting rather uncomfortably in his chair. ‘My wife is a big animal lover and it was, yeah, my surprise present. It has got a name but I’m not telling you! We already had a couple of chickens and this is a cockerel. That was the point of it really. In the dressing room, it’s a bit of a random one. ‘I keep my private life private and I guess that was a rare insight. We didn’t realise what impact it would have but it was harmless enough.’ Allen was rather more comfortable when the conversation returned to football and, in particular, Wales’s weekend win in Israel that left Chris Coleman’s team at the top of their qualifying group for Euro 2016.Allen was in Cardiff’s Millennium Stadium in 2004 when Mark Hughes’s team lost a play-off to Russia. Now he wants to make some history with his country and finish off the work started by one of his early national coaches, the late Gary Speed. Allen is keen to make history with Wales and finish the work started by former manager, the late Gary Speed . ‘His presence is still there for everyone,’ Allen said poignantly. ‘He began this journey for us and his big dream was for us to qualify. In lots of ways we want to make sure we can do this for someone like Gary. ‘He was a real people person. For a young midfielder going into the squad, he certainly had a huge impact on my career. ‘It was a huge win for us in Israel and we have a great chance now. For me it was the perfect thing to happen after the Man United result. ‘That’s the beauty of football. There is always the next game to put things right.’ Allen played in the 3-0 win over Israel which took Wales to their top of their Euro 2016 qualifying group . Domestically, Liverpool’s opportunity to make amends begins at the Emirates tomorrow and continues in Lancashire next Wednesday with an FA Cup quarter-final replay at Blackburn. There is still much to aim for at Anfield this season and, with Gerrard suspended for three games, opportunity continues to knock for one of the next generation. ‘Whatever happened in one game has gone,’ said Allen. ‘We can start another run and do it again. That has to be our belief and confidence now. ‘Last season we had a similar run. We have to use that to inspire us. If the teams above us do slip up then we will be waiting.’ Joe Allen was speaking at a Barclays event to inspire the next generation of fans to fall in love with the game. To win Barclays Premier League tickets and other football experiences search: Barclays Spirit of the Game.

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Almost two weeks on from Liverpool’s wretched afternoon against Manchester United at Anfield, it would appear that lessons have already been learned. Asked about a setback that may yet cost Brendan Rodgers and his players a place in next season’s Champions League, the club’s midfielder Joe Allen was rueful. ‘They were ready to go and maybe we weren’t,’ Allen told a young supporter at Melwood this week. ‘Yeah, maybe the rivalry can sometimes get in the way.’ Joe Allen battles it out with Ander Herrera during Liverpool's Premier League defeat to Man United at Anfield . Liverpool midfielder Allen spoke to Sportsmail's Ian Ladyman at Liverpool's Melwood training ground . Midfielder Allen believes Liverpool have performed well against the big teams during the last two seasons . For Allen, and indeed for Liverpool, one suspects that their defeat by their greatest rival of all is already being viewed as merely another kink in the road. Certainly there is nobody at Anfield who will accept the opinion offered by Sky Sports’ Gary Neville, the former United defender, that Liverpool froze. ‘No, I don’t think that’s the problem,’ said Allen. ‘I think over the last two seasons we have performed against the big teams. Games can just be like that sometimes. It doesn’t happen very often. Next time that game comes around we will get it right.’ Over the past few months at Liverpool there has certainly been more right than wrong. Going into Saturday’s game at Arsenal, they are five points off fourth place in the Barclays Premier League but that still represents progress from the dark days of autumn and early winter. Allen, one senses, has been integral to recent improvement. With captain Steven Gerrard no longer an automatic starter and the Brazilian Lucas Leiva recently injured, the 25-year-old midfielder has been given an extended opportunity to prove his worth. Allen has been given an opportunity  with captain Steven Gerrard no longer an automatic choice for Liverpool . While Gerrard is no longer the first name on the teamsheet, Lucas Leiva (left) has also been sidelined . Having arrived with Rodgers from Swansea in 2012, Allen could not always be relied on. He admitted this week that at times the challenge seemed a little too big for him but he hopes that recent performances in big victories against Manchester City, Southampton and Swansea will one day be seen as evidence of a genuine breakthrough. ‘I think so, I hope so,’ Allen told Sportsmail. ‘Personally I have always been confident that I just needed games. ‘I will be open and honest, though. In my first season there were moments when I look back and am disappointed about how I did cope with that [mental] aspect of things. ‘Maybe I underestimated it a little bit before I came. I tried to anticipate it but you can’t do it until you get here. Now I have come through that and the only issue this season has been injuries. Hopefully I can stay fit now and show people the best of me.’ Allen’s increased standing at Liverpool saw him selected for a meet and greet with supporters this week. Guest of honour was Sean Melia, a volunteer at the Anfield Sports Community Centre who was present at Melwood as a ‘Barclays spirit of the game hero’. During a 20-minute Q&A with a group of supporters, Allen talked openly about the sad feeling at the club when Gerrard announced that he would not be staying and the devastation of last season’s title failure. ‘We understand that we gave it to Manchester City,’ he said. Allen admits, at times, the challenge of playing for Liverpool felt a little too big but has impressed recently . Gerrard consoles Luis Suarez as Liverpool's title hopes were dented against Crystal Palace last season . Allen also spoke of the feeling at the club after captain Gerrard announced he would be leaving the Reds . Later on, however, his conversation with Sportsmail was more personal and touched on his relationship with his older brother Harry, a talented footballer who plays for the Wales deaf side after losing his hearing to meningitis as a toddler. ‘When we were younger, he was a striker and he was a better player than me,’ revealed Allen. ‘At primary school I played with him and his mates and that gave me a little bit of a head start as they were two years older. ‘He is profoundly deaf but he speaks so well. I used to sign a little bit but he communicates so well now that I don’t need to. ‘Sibling rivalry is the perfect description of what we had, though. We loved playing against each other but there was a competitive edge to it. It’s a while back but I guess that is where the path all started for me. ‘It’s hard to say whether he would have made it - it is something that I do wonder about. But going out on to the pitch profoundly deaf is a huge disadvantage. So I don’t know. It’s one of those that we will never know the answer to…’ Home these days for Allen is the house he shares in Chester with his wife Lacey and son Alfie. Inherently private, he was a little embarrassed when Lacey posted a photograph on Twitter of last year’s birthday present. Then again a photograph of a top footballer holding a live chicken is rather unusual. Allen poses with a rooster bought for him by his wife for the Liverpool midfielder's 24th Birthday . Allen's wife, Lacey-Jo, shared the snap of Allen and his Birthday present on Twitter last year . Allen poses with Sean Melia, a volunteer at the Anfield Sports Community Centre who was present at Melwood as a ‘Barclays spirit of the game hero’ ‘It was just a “What do you get the guy who has everything?” kind of present,’ laughed Allen, fidgeting rather uncomfortably in his chair. ‘My wife is a big animal lover and it was, yeah, my surprise present. It has got a name but I’m not telling you! We already had a couple of chickens and this is a cockerel. That was the point of it really. In the dressing room, it’s a bit of a random one. ‘I keep my private life private and I guess that was a rare insight. We didn’t realise what impact it would have but it was harmless enough.’ Allen was rather more comfortable when the conversation returned to football and, in particular, Wales’s weekend win in Israel that left Chris Coleman’s team at the top of their qualifying group for Euro 2016.Allen was in Cardiff’s Millennium Stadium in 2004 when Mark Hughes’s team lost a play-off to Russia. Now he wants to make some history with his country and finish off the work started by one of his early national coaches, the late Gary Speed. Allen is keen to make history with Wales and finish the work started by former manager, the late Gary Speed . ‘His presence is still there for everyone,’ Allen said poignantly. ‘He began this journey for us and his big dream was for us to qualify. In lots of ways we want to make sure we can do this for someone like Gary. ‘He was a real people person. For a young midfielder going into the squad, he certainly had a huge impact on my career. ‘It was a huge win for us in Israel and we have a great chance now. For me it was the perfect thing to happen after the Man United result. ‘That’s the beauty of football. There is always the next game to put things right.’ Allen played in the 3-0 win over Israel which took Wales to their top of their Euro 2016 qualifying group . Domestically, Liverpool’s opportunity to make amends begins at the Emirates tomorrow and continues in Lancashire next Wednesday with an FA Cup quarter-final replay at Blackburn. There is still much to aim for at Anfield this season and, with Gerrard suspended for three games, opportunity continues to knock for one of the next generation. ‘Whatever happened in one game has gone,’ said Allen. ‘We can start another run and do it again. That has to be our belief and confidence now. ‘Last season we had a similar run. We have to use that to inspire us. If the teams above us do slip up then we will be waiting.’ Joe Allen was speaking at a Barclays event to inspire the next generation of fans to fall in love with the game. To win Barclays Premier League tickets and other football experiences search: Barclays Spirit of the Game.

Joe Allen admits, at times, challenge of playing for Liverpool felt too big .
However, Reds midfielder has impressed in Liverpool's recent victories .
Allen is disappointed at how he coped with things when he first signed .
Wales international hopes he can stay fit and show fans the best of him .


Prompt: (CNN)A natural gas line explosion at a law enforcement shooting range in Fresno, California, injured 11 people, including some inmates who were on a work detail there. Others being treated include a county road worker and two sheriff's deputies, Fresno County Sheriff Margaret Mims said. The exact cause of Friday's blast is under investigation, Mims said, but it happened at the spot where a county worker was operating a front loader. The explosion sparked a fire that roared like a jet engine, Mims said. The operator of the front loader was injured but able to walk to an ambulance, the sheriff said. The most serious injuries were suffered by a group of inmates who were assigned to maintenance and cleaning work at the sheriff's firing range. There were 10 inmates near the blast site who were also injured, officials said. Three other inmates at the site were not hurt. Earlier, the sheriff's office included them in the injury count. After the blast, Mims said, two sheriff's deputies who were at the firing range ran toward the fire to move the injured. CNN affiliate KFSN posted a video of the scene that shows a tall ball of fire rising from near a highway. One inmate was airlifted to the hospital, the sheriff said. That inmate and the county worker were undergoing emergency surgery, she said. The others suffered mostly burns. The pair of deputies who provided aid also went for treatment for ringing ears and sunburn-like conditions, she said. Firefighters put out the blaze, revealing a crater at the blast site and a blackened front loader, Mims said.

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(CNN)A natural gas line explosion at a law enforcement shooting range in Fresno, California, injured 11 people, including some inmates who were on a work detail there. Others being treated include a county road worker and two sheriff's deputies, Fresno County Sheriff Margaret Mims said. The exact cause of Friday's blast is under investigation, Mims said, but it happened at the spot where a county worker was operating a front loader. The explosion sparked a fire that roared like a jet engine, Mims said. The operator of the front loader was injured but able to walk to an ambulance, the sheriff said. The most serious injuries were suffered by a group of inmates who were assigned to maintenance and cleaning work at the sheriff's firing range. There were 10 inmates near the blast site who were also injured, officials said. Three other inmates at the site were not hurt. Earlier, the sheriff's office included them in the injury count. After the blast, Mims said, two sheriff's deputies who were at the firing range ran toward the fire to move the injured. CNN affiliate KFSN posted a video of the scene that shows a tall ball of fire rising from near a highway. One inmate was airlifted to the hospital, the sheriff said. That inmate and the county worker were undergoing emergency surgery, she said. The others suffered mostly burns. The pair of deputies who provided aid also went for treatment for ringing ears and sunburn-like conditions, she said. Firefighters put out the blaze, revealing a crater at the blast site and a blackened front loader, Mims said.

The cause of a gas line explosion in Fresno, California, is unknown .
Two of the injured were undergoing emergency surgery .


Prompt: Bristol City will become the first Football League club to win promotion this season should they beat Bradford on Tuesday night. The League One leaders managed to come away from second-placed Preston North End unscathed, drawing 1-1 thanks to Aaron Wilbraham’s equaliser after Jermaine Beckford had opened the scoring just before the hour. Regardless, Steve Cotterill’s side had been destined not to seal promotion at Deepdale because results elsewhere didn’t go their way. Bristol City manager Steve Cotterill was happy to avoid defeat against Preston on Saturday . Three points at Bradford on Tuesday will do the trick. It would take something to go seriously awry for the Robins not to be returning to the second tier after a two-year absence, and they did their job well enough to prevent any late scares in the north west. ‘That’ll be good,’ Cotterill said. ‘We’ll digest that and try and prepare properly for the game. ‘It was important not to get beat here. If you look at it, if we had and then got nothing at Bradford (on Tuesday) then we’re stuck on 88 points. Preston would’ve gone to 83 points today and then have Gillingham at home. ‘You always look at the worst case scenario.’ Bristol City’s elevation to the second tier appears a formality, and Preston remain in pole position to join them. Nevertheless, manager Simon Grayson has warned his players not to get carried away. ‘We’ve said to the players we can only influence our own games, but it’s another point to our tally and another game chalked off,’ he said. ‘But there will be no complacency from the team, we know we have to keep working.’ Cotterill, meanwhile, has always gunned for the League One title rather than just promotion and this result preserved their eight-point lead over Preston, although they have played a game more. His squad are staying in a nearby hotel until the trip to Valley Parade and will train at Burnley in preparation.

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Bristol City will become the first Football League club to win promotion this season should they beat Bradford on Tuesday night. The League One leaders managed to come away from second-placed Preston North End unscathed, drawing 1-1 thanks to Aaron Wilbraham’s equaliser after Jermaine Beckford had opened the scoring just before the hour. Regardless, Steve Cotterill’s side had been destined not to seal promotion at Deepdale because results elsewhere didn’t go their way. Bristol City manager Steve Cotterill was happy to avoid defeat against Preston on Saturday . Three points at Bradford on Tuesday will do the trick. It would take something to go seriously awry for the Robins not to be returning to the second tier after a two-year absence, and they did their job well enough to prevent any late scares in the north west. ‘That’ll be good,’ Cotterill said. ‘We’ll digest that and try and prepare properly for the game. ‘It was important not to get beat here. If you look at it, if we had and then got nothing at Bradford (on Tuesday) then we’re stuck on 88 points. Preston would’ve gone to 83 points today and then have Gillingham at home. ‘You always look at the worst case scenario.’ Bristol City’s elevation to the second tier appears a formality, and Preston remain in pole position to join them. Nevertheless, manager Simon Grayson has warned his players not to get carried away. ‘We’ve said to the players we can only influence our own games, but it’s another point to our tally and another game chalked off,’ he said. ‘But there will be no complacency from the team, we know we have to keep working.’ Cotterill, meanwhile, has always gunned for the League One title rather than just promotion and this result preserved their eight-point lead over Preston, although they have played a game more. His squad are staying in a nearby hotel until the trip to Valley Parade and will train at Burnley in preparation.

Bristol City held second-place Preston to 1-1 draw at Deepdale on Saturday .
Robins could be first Football League club to win promotion on Tuesday .
Steve Cotterill's side face Bradford at Valley Parade and win will be enough .
City boss Cotterill was happy to avoid defeat against Preston after admitting he had thought about the worst case scenario .


Prompt: Harry Kane will play for England’s Under 21 team in this summer’s European Championships after holding talks with Gareth Southgate. England’s head coach Roy Hodgson has confirmed that Kane, 21, will join up with the junior squad when he returns from Tottenham’s post-season trip to Malaysia and Australia. Kane made an instant impact on the England team with a goal on his debut against Lithuania at Wembley and he has impressed with his committed attitude. Harry Kane, in action for England against Italy, will play for the U21s at this year's European Championships . Kane made his first start for England against Italy after coming off the bench, and scoring, against Lithuania . Hodgson said: ‘Harry wants to finish the job he has done, but the main reason is because Harry wants to go with the Under 21s. ‘He has been a major part of their qualifying campaign for the last 18 months. He’s even had to work his way into the team and in my conversations with him it has been pretty obvious to me he would like to play in this tournament. ‘We will miss him because he has done well for us in these 10 days. But I said very early on I was more than happy to accept Gareth would have the first pick of Harry certainly and people like John Stones might come into that category. ‘So if Gareth wants to pick them, that is fine by me. He is going to be important for Gareth I know.’ Ross Barkley is excused from the championships despite being eligible to play for Gareth Southgate's side . Raheem Sterling, who missed England's draw in Italy, will also be absent from this summer's tournament . Although Southgate will turn to Kane this summer, Everton midfielder Ross Barkley and Liverpool forward Raheem Sterling - both eligible for the European Championship - will both be excused. Kane will be in the squad, despite a warning from Spurs manager Mauricio Pochettino that his forward risks burn-out if he is forced to play through the summer. Hodgson added: ‘I’m not a great lover of the burn-out argument, I’ve got to say. If you want to be an international player then you’ve got to accept football tournaments take place in the summer at the end of the season. ‘In my lifetime in football, as soon as the season has finished footballers have gone to tournaments, so anyone who wants to be a top-class international footballer and really believes he can help his country get to these tournaments, can’t then come and talk about burn-out. ‘I would like to think that if the Under 21s can continue to do as well as they have been doing, and Harry can play an important part and maybe help them go far in the tournament, that certainly won’t hurt his chances in the first national team and I am happy to back him.' Kane, pictured in action against Leicester in March, has been hugely impressive for Tottenham this season . Kane, celebrating after he scored against Arsenal in February, will be available to play for the Under 21s .

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Harry Kane will play for England’s Under 21 team in this summer’s European Championships after holding talks with Gareth Southgate. England’s head coach Roy Hodgson has confirmed that Kane, 21, will join up with the junior squad when he returns from Tottenham’s post-season trip to Malaysia and Australia. Kane made an instant impact on the England team with a goal on his debut against Lithuania at Wembley and he has impressed with his committed attitude. Harry Kane, in action for England against Italy, will play for the U21s at this year's European Championships . Kane made his first start for England against Italy after coming off the bench, and scoring, against Lithuania . Hodgson said: ‘Harry wants to finish the job he has done, but the main reason is because Harry wants to go with the Under 21s. ‘He has been a major part of their qualifying campaign for the last 18 months. He’s even had to work his way into the team and in my conversations with him it has been pretty obvious to me he would like to play in this tournament. ‘We will miss him because he has done well for us in these 10 days. But I said very early on I was more than happy to accept Gareth would have the first pick of Harry certainly and people like John Stones might come into that category. ‘So if Gareth wants to pick them, that is fine by me. He is going to be important for Gareth I know.’ Ross Barkley is excused from the championships despite being eligible to play for Gareth Southgate's side . Raheem Sterling, who missed England's draw in Italy, will also be absent from this summer's tournament . Although Southgate will turn to Kane this summer, Everton midfielder Ross Barkley and Liverpool forward Raheem Sterling - both eligible for the European Championship - will both be excused. Kane will be in the squad, despite a warning from Spurs manager Mauricio Pochettino that his forward risks burn-out if he is forced to play through the summer. Hodgson added: ‘I’m not a great lover of the burn-out argument, I’ve got to say. If you want to be an international player then you’ve got to accept football tournaments take place in the summer at the end of the season. ‘In my lifetime in football, as soon as the season has finished footballers have gone to tournaments, so anyone who wants to be a top-class international footballer and really believes he can help his country get to these tournaments, can’t then come and talk about burn-out. ‘I would like to think that if the Under 21s can continue to do as well as they have been doing, and Harry can play an important part and maybe help them go far in the tournament, that certainly won’t hurt his chances in the first national team and I am happy to back him.' Kane, pictured in action against Leicester in March, has been hugely impressive for Tottenham this season . Kane, celebrating after he scored against Arsenal in February, will be available to play for the Under 21s .

Harry Kane will play for Gareth Southgate's side at this year's tournament .
He will join up with the junior squad when he returns from Tottenham's post-season trip to Malaysia and Australia .
Kane scored on his England debut in their 4-0 win against Lithuania .
Everton ace Ross Barkley and Liverpool's Raheem Sterling are excused .


Prompt: The heartbroken mother of a unarmed teen who was shot dead by police has revealed the last words her son spoke as he lay dying in an ambulance. Hector Morejon was shot by a Long Beach, California, police officer, who allegedly thought the 19-year-old was pointing a gun at him during a trespassing and vandalism incident. According to her attorney, his mother, Lucia Morejon, was at home when she heard the shots. Lucia Morejon, the heartbroken mother of a unarmed teen who was shot dead by police has revealed the last words her son, Hector Morejon, 19, spoke as he lay dying in an ambulance . She went to an alley near her home to see what happened and then realized it was her son in the ambulance, reports the LA Times. 'When he saw her, he propped himself partially up and cried to her, 'Mommy, Mommy, please come, please come!' ' her attorney's statement said, reports the Press Telegram. 'She walked towards the ambulance, identified herself as his mother, expecting to ride with him to the hospital, but was pushed back by a man in a blue uniform.' Her attorney Sonia Mercado told The Huffington Post: 'He was reaching for her - reaching out to her for help.' 'It's a tough thing to live with as a parent,' said Mercado. 'She is deeply in shock.' Hector Morejon, 19, was shot dead by a police officer on Thursday while in a vacant apartment . The Press Telegram reports that according to the statement, Lucia Morejon asked what happened but was not given any information. It continues: 'At the hospital, Mrs. Mojeron and her family were not allowed to see Hector until he was dead.' In a statement released Monday, the family of Hector Morejon said they are requesting that the LBPD 'immediately release the name and badge number of the officer who is responsible for killing Hector who was unarmed.' Police said officers received a report that several people were trespassing and vandalizing an empty apartment at about 2:45 p.m. Thursday. When they attended they saw there was an open window and a broken window. According to an LBPD press release, an officer looked into the apartment through the broken window and saw a man (later identified as Morejon) standing against a wall. The press release states the officer saw the man turn toward him, while bending his knees and extending his arm out, as if pointing an object which the officer perceived as a gun. The officer then fired, according to police. Morejon,from Long Beach, was initially listed in critical condition, but was later pronounced dead at a hospital. No weapons were found at the scene. 'Objects were collected from the scene, but it has not been yet determined at this point in the investigation if those objects were what the officer observed,' said Sgt. Megan Zabel, a Police Department spokeswoman told the LA Times. 'We are not describing evidentiary detail on what those objects are at this time, as with how many times the suspect was shot.' Police said the apartment was spray-painted with gang-related graffiti. The family reject suggestions that the teen was a gang member. According to a statement from the LBPD to the Long Beach Post, the department 'thoroughly reviews all use of force incidents through a rigorous multi-step process that evaluates legal, policy, tactical and equipment issues. 'In addition, all officer involved shootings where a death occurs, are independently investigated by the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office and the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office.'

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The heartbroken mother of a unarmed teen who was shot dead by police has revealed the last words her son spoke as he lay dying in an ambulance. Hector Morejon was shot by a Long Beach, California, police officer, who allegedly thought the 19-year-old was pointing a gun at him during a trespassing and vandalism incident. According to her attorney, his mother, Lucia Morejon, was at home when she heard the shots. Lucia Morejon, the heartbroken mother of a unarmed teen who was shot dead by police has revealed the last words her son, Hector Morejon, 19, spoke as he lay dying in an ambulance . She went to an alley near her home to see what happened and then realized it was her son in the ambulance, reports the LA Times. 'When he saw her, he propped himself partially up and cried to her, 'Mommy, Mommy, please come, please come!' ' her attorney's statement said, reports the Press Telegram. 'She walked towards the ambulance, identified herself as his mother, expecting to ride with him to the hospital, but was pushed back by a man in a blue uniform.' Her attorney Sonia Mercado told The Huffington Post: 'He was reaching for her - reaching out to her for help.' 'It's a tough thing to live with as a parent,' said Mercado. 'She is deeply in shock.' Hector Morejon, 19, was shot dead by a police officer on Thursday while in a vacant apartment . The Press Telegram reports that according to the statement, Lucia Morejon asked what happened but was not given any information. It continues: 'At the hospital, Mrs. Mojeron and her family were not allowed to see Hector until he was dead.' In a statement released Monday, the family of Hector Morejon said they are requesting that the LBPD 'immediately release the name and badge number of the officer who is responsible for killing Hector who was unarmed.' Police said officers received a report that several people were trespassing and vandalizing an empty apartment at about 2:45 p.m. Thursday. When they attended they saw there was an open window and a broken window. According to an LBPD press release, an officer looked into the apartment through the broken window and saw a man (later identified as Morejon) standing against a wall. The press release states the officer saw the man turn toward him, while bending his knees and extending his arm out, as if pointing an object which the officer perceived as a gun. The officer then fired, according to police. Morejon,from Long Beach, was initially listed in critical condition, but was later pronounced dead at a hospital. No weapons were found at the scene. 'Objects were collected from the scene, but it has not been yet determined at this point in the investigation if those objects were what the officer observed,' said Sgt. Megan Zabel, a Police Department spokeswoman told the LA Times. 'We are not describing evidentiary detail on what those objects are at this time, as with how many times the suspect was shot.' Police said the apartment was spray-painted with gang-related graffiti. The family reject suggestions that the teen was a gang member. According to a statement from the LBPD to the Long Beach Post, the department 'thoroughly reviews all use of force incidents through a rigorous multi-step process that evaluates legal, policy, tactical and equipment issues. 'In addition, all officer involved shootings where a death occurs, are independently investigated by the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office and the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office.'

Hector Morejon was shot by a Long Beach, California, police officer .
Officer allegedly thought the 19-year-old was pointing a gun at him during a trespassing and vandalism incident .
His mother heard shots and ran to scene, then she saw her son in an ambulance .


Prompt: The Archbishop of Canterbury (above) yesterday called on Christians to use non-violent means of resistance when faced with persecution by extremists - days after an attack in Kenya killed 150 people . The Archbishop of Canterbury yesterday called on Christians to use non-violent means of resistance when faced with persecution by extremists. In the wake of the slaughter of Christian students in Kenya and the barbarity of Islamic State militants, the Most Reverend Justin Welby said the dead were ‘martyrs’. Delivering his Easter sermon in Canterbury Cathedral, he said: ‘Christians must resist without violence the persecution they suffer and support persecuted communities, with love and goodness and generosity.’ Dr Welby told his congregation that the killing of Christians over the past year had been a ‘wicked’ development. ‘To witness is to be a martyr,’ he said. ‘I am told by the Coptic Bishop in England that the Coptic Christians murdered in Libya last month died proclaiming that Jesus Christ is Lord. They are martyrs, a word that means both one that dies for their faith and one that witnesses to faith. ‘There have been so many martyrs in the last year. On Maundy Thursday, three days ago, around 150 Kenyans were killed because of being Christian. They are witnesses, unwilling, unjustly, wickedly, and they are martyrs in both senses of the word.’ The archbishop said their Christian faith meant the martyrs would defeat evil despite ‘their cruel deaths, the brutality of their persecution’. Dr Welby’s praise of martyrdom was made as Pope Francis called for governments to intervene in Syria and Iraq. In his Easter address in the Vatican City’s St Peter’s Square, the Pope said: ‘May the international community not stand by before the immense humanitarian tragedy unfolding in these countries and the drama of the numerous refugees.’ Pope Francis also spoke of the suffering of the victims persecuted for being Christian. He said that Christians ‘do not need to employ violence; they speak and act with the power of truth, beauty and love’. A priest similarly conducts an Easter Sunday service at the Catholic Church in Garissa, Kenya, where the attack happened . Officers from the Kenya Defence Forces and the Kenya Red Cross place an injured woman on a Nairobi-bound plane for specialised treatment . Some of the Garissa University students who were rescued comfort each other at the nearby military camp . He added: ‘We ask Jesus to lighten the sufferings of our many brothers and sisters who are persecuted for his name, and of all those who suffer injustice as a result of ongoing conflicts and violence. ‘We ask for peace, above all, for Syria and Iraq, that the roar of arms may cease and that peaceful relations may be restored among the various groups which make up those beloved countries.’ Pope Francis told the thousands gathered in the square for the Easter mass that he prayed ‘that the present absurd bloodshed and all barbarous acts of violence may cease’. The Pope said he also prayed for peace in Libya and the Middle East. A general view of the Garissa Catholic Church, which has remained closed after an attack by gunmen on Thursday at a university campus . Kenya’s special forces took seven hours to arrive at the scene of the massacre at Garissa University, it emerged yesterday. The assault by Somali-based Al Shabaab militants, which killed nearly 150 Christians, was Kenya’s deadliest terror attack since the 1998 bombing of the US embassy. Yet troops from the country’s elite Recce Company did not arrive at the campus until 2pm – seven hours after Thursday’s dawn attack was launched. Reporters based in Nairobi, who drove 225 miles to Garissa after hearing the first reports of the attack, arrived before the special forces flew in. It also emerged yesterday that one of the Islamist gunmen responsible for the massacre was the missing son of a senior government official. He was identified as law graduate Abdirahim Mohammed Abdullahi, son of a Kenyan regional government official in Mandera County.

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

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Summarize the following article:

The Archbishop of Canterbury (above) yesterday called on Christians to use non-violent means of resistance when faced with persecution by extremists - days after an attack in Kenya killed 150 people . The Archbishop of Canterbury yesterday called on Christians to use non-violent means of resistance when faced with persecution by extremists. In the wake of the slaughter of Christian students in Kenya and the barbarity of Islamic State militants, the Most Reverend Justin Welby said the dead were ‘martyrs’. Delivering his Easter sermon in Canterbury Cathedral, he said: ‘Christians must resist without violence the persecution they suffer and support persecuted communities, with love and goodness and generosity.’ Dr Welby told his congregation that the killing of Christians over the past year had been a ‘wicked’ development. ‘To witness is to be a martyr,’ he said. ‘I am told by the Coptic Bishop in England that the Coptic Christians murdered in Libya last month died proclaiming that Jesus Christ is Lord. They are martyrs, a word that means both one that dies for their faith and one that witnesses to faith. ‘There have been so many martyrs in the last year. On Maundy Thursday, three days ago, around 150 Kenyans were killed because of being Christian. They are witnesses, unwilling, unjustly, wickedly, and they are martyrs in both senses of the word.’ The archbishop said their Christian faith meant the martyrs would defeat evil despite ‘their cruel deaths, the brutality of their persecution’. Dr Welby’s praise of martyrdom was made as Pope Francis called for governments to intervene in Syria and Iraq. In his Easter address in the Vatican City’s St Peter’s Square, the Pope said: ‘May the international community not stand by before the immense humanitarian tragedy unfolding in these countries and the drama of the numerous refugees.’ Pope Francis also spoke of the suffering of the victims persecuted for being Christian. He said that Christians ‘do not need to employ violence; they speak and act with the power of truth, beauty and love’. A priest similarly conducts an Easter Sunday service at the Catholic Church in Garissa, Kenya, where the attack happened . Officers from the Kenya Defence Forces and the Kenya Red Cross place an injured woman on a Nairobi-bound plane for specialised treatment . Some of the Garissa University students who were rescued comfort each other at the nearby military camp . He added: ‘We ask Jesus to lighten the sufferings of our many brothers and sisters who are persecuted for his name, and of all those who suffer injustice as a result of ongoing conflicts and violence. ‘We ask for peace, above all, for Syria and Iraq, that the roar of arms may cease and that peaceful relations may be restored among the various groups which make up those beloved countries.’ Pope Francis told the thousands gathered in the square for the Easter mass that he prayed ‘that the present absurd bloodshed and all barbarous acts of violence may cease’. The Pope said he also prayed for peace in Libya and the Middle East. A general view of the Garissa Catholic Church, which has remained closed after an attack by gunmen on Thursday at a university campus . Kenya’s special forces took seven hours to arrive at the scene of the massacre at Garissa University, it emerged yesterday. The assault by Somali-based Al Shabaab militants, which killed nearly 150 Christians, was Kenya’s deadliest terror attack since the 1998 bombing of the US embassy. Yet troops from the country’s elite Recce Company did not arrive at the campus until 2pm – seven hours after Thursday’s dawn attack was launched. Reporters based in Nairobi, who drove 225 miles to Garissa after hearing the first reports of the attack, arrived before the special forces flew in. It also emerged yesterday that one of the Islamist gunmen responsible for the massacre was the missing son of a senior government official. He was identified as law graduate Abdirahim Mohammed Abdullahi, son of a Kenyan regional government official in Mandera County.

Archbishop of Canterbury also said the dead were 'martyrs' in speech .
Pope Francis called for governments to intervene in Syria and Iraq .


Prompt: A gold trinket box presented to an officer famous for losing his leg at the Battle of Waterloo has sold for more than £100,000. The 18-carat gold rectangular piece was a gift to Lord Uxbridge, whose stoic exchange with the Duke of Wellington after losing his leg to a cannonball has become etched in history. In a famous example of the British stiff upper lip, after realising he was gravely wounded Uxbridge turned to the British military commander and said 'by God, sir, I've lost my leg', to which Wellington replied 'by God, sir, so you have!' Auctioned: This gold trinket box, presented to Lord Uxbridge for his heroics in The Battle of Waterloo, was sold to a private collector for more than £100,000 . His leg was buried near the battlefield but later dug up and used as a macabre tourist attraction. The gold Irish Freedom Box was given to the aristocrat, who was by then Marquess of Anglesey, in 1828 by Trinity College Dublin when he served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. The top has a finely embossed coat of arms with a frame of rocaille shells and foliage around it and the base has another coat of arms with a similar border. The cover coat of arms is Lord Uxbridge's, otherwise known as Field Marshal Henry William Paget. The coat of arms on the base is that of Trinity College Dublin. Famed for losing his leg: Lord Uxbrige commanded 13,000 Allied cavalry and 44 guns of horse artillery at the Battle of Waterloo . Piece of history: The 18-carat gold Irish Freedom Box was given to the aristocrat, who was by then Marquess of Anglesey, in 1828 by Trinity College Dublin when he served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland . The box is about three-and-a-half inches long and weighs just six ounces. It was sold by Bonhams to a private collector for £100,900. Jon Baddeley, managing director at Bonhams Knightsbridge, said: 'The battle of Waterloo was one of the most significant military encounters of the 19th century and the outcome had a profound effect on the future of Europe so not surprisingly there was a lot of public interest is this sale and the bidding from collectors was fierce.' Lord Uxbrige commanded 13,000 Allied cavalry and 44 guns of horse artillery at the Battle of Waterloo. At around 2:30pm, at a crucial stage in the battle, he led a charge of the 2,000 heavy cavalry of the Household Brigade and the Union Brigade to push back the French. The charge succeeded in sweeping the French infantry away but Lord Uxbridge was unable to rally his troops, who ran on in pursuit and were cut up by counter-attacking French cavalry. First ever prosthetic leg: When Uxbridge lost his leg he is said to have stoically remarked 'by God, sir, I've lost my leg'. This wooden limb, the firtst ever articulated wooden limb, was designed for him and remains in the Cavalry Museum at Plas Newydd, on the Isle of Anglesey, Wales . He spent the rest of the battle leading a series of charges by British light cavalry formations, and had eight or nine horses shot from under him. One of the last cannon shots fired on June 18 1815 hit his right leg - requiring it to be amputated above the knee. After being wounded, Lord Uxbridge was transported to his headquarters in the village of Waterloo. The remains of his leg were removed by surgeons - without antiseptic or anaesthetics. Bloody encounter: A painting of the Battle of Waterloo by William Holmes Sullivan . Another famous anecdote records the officer as saying 'the knives appear somewhat blunt' as he underwent the horrendous procedure. In recognition of his gallantry, the Prince Regent created him Marquess of Anglesey and made him a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath five days after the battle. On the one day of fighting at the Battle of Waterloo there were close to 55,000 either killed, wounded, or missing in action from both sides. The staggering density of the injured men - around 2,291 per mile on the front line - compared with 234 over the same area on the first day of the Battle of the Somme in 1916 - meant that a huge number were left to bleed to death on the battlefield.

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

A gold trinket box presented to an officer famous for losing his leg at the Battle of Waterloo has sold for more than £100,000. The 18-carat gold rectangular piece was a gift to Lord Uxbridge, whose stoic exchange with the Duke of Wellington after losing his leg to a cannonball has become etched in history. In a famous example of the British stiff upper lip, after realising he was gravely wounded Uxbridge turned to the British military commander and said 'by God, sir, I've lost my leg', to which Wellington replied 'by God, sir, so you have!' Auctioned: This gold trinket box, presented to Lord Uxbridge for his heroics in The Battle of Waterloo, was sold to a private collector for more than £100,000 . His leg was buried near the battlefield but later dug up and used as a macabre tourist attraction. The gold Irish Freedom Box was given to the aristocrat, who was by then Marquess of Anglesey, in 1828 by Trinity College Dublin when he served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. The top has a finely embossed coat of arms with a frame of rocaille shells and foliage around it and the base has another coat of arms with a similar border. The cover coat of arms is Lord Uxbridge's, otherwise known as Field Marshal Henry William Paget. The coat of arms on the base is that of Trinity College Dublin. Famed for losing his leg: Lord Uxbrige commanded 13,000 Allied cavalry and 44 guns of horse artillery at the Battle of Waterloo . Piece of history: The 18-carat gold Irish Freedom Box was given to the aristocrat, who was by then Marquess of Anglesey, in 1828 by Trinity College Dublin when he served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland . The box is about three-and-a-half inches long and weighs just six ounces. It was sold by Bonhams to a private collector for £100,900. Jon Baddeley, managing director at Bonhams Knightsbridge, said: 'The battle of Waterloo was one of the most significant military encounters of the 19th century and the outcome had a profound effect on the future of Europe so not surprisingly there was a lot of public interest is this sale and the bidding from collectors was fierce.' Lord Uxbrige commanded 13,000 Allied cavalry and 44 guns of horse artillery at the Battle of Waterloo. At around 2:30pm, at a crucial stage in the battle, he led a charge of the 2,000 heavy cavalry of the Household Brigade and the Union Brigade to push back the French. The charge succeeded in sweeping the French infantry away but Lord Uxbridge was unable to rally his troops, who ran on in pursuit and were cut up by counter-attacking French cavalry. First ever prosthetic leg: When Uxbridge lost his leg he is said to have stoically remarked 'by God, sir, I've lost my leg'. This wooden limb, the firtst ever articulated wooden limb, was designed for him and remains in the Cavalry Museum at Plas Newydd, on the Isle of Anglesey, Wales . He spent the rest of the battle leading a series of charges by British light cavalry formations, and had eight or nine horses shot from under him. One of the last cannon shots fired on June 18 1815 hit his right leg - requiring it to be amputated above the knee. After being wounded, Lord Uxbridge was transported to his headquarters in the village of Waterloo. The remains of his leg were removed by surgeons - without antiseptic or anaesthetics. Bloody encounter: A painting of the Battle of Waterloo by William Holmes Sullivan . Another famous anecdote records the officer as saying 'the knives appear somewhat blunt' as he underwent the horrendous procedure. In recognition of his gallantry, the Prince Regent created him Marquess of Anglesey and made him a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath five days after the battle. On the one day of fighting at the Battle of Waterloo there were close to 55,000 either killed, wounded, or missing in action from both sides. The staggering density of the injured men - around 2,291 per mile on the front line - compared with 234 over the same area on the first day of the Battle of the Somme in 1916 - meant that a huge number were left to bleed to death on the battlefield.

Rectangular 18-carat piece was gifted to Lord Uxbridge for his heroics .
After being hit by cannonball he remarked 'by God, sir, I've lost my leg'
The cover of the three and a half inch box is Lord Uxbridge's coat of arms .
It was sold by auction house Bonhams to a private collector for £100,900 .