Prompt: A one-year-old boy who was shot and killed by another toddler who picked up and fired a loaded gun has been pictured. Braylon Robinson was playing at a house in Cleveland, Ohio, on Sunday when another three-year-old boy found the unattended weapon and pulled the trigger. The bullet struck the baby boy in the face. Minutes later, he was rushed to an area hospital, where he was later pronounced dead. It is unclear whether the infant was related to the older boy. Now, investigators are apparently trying to determine where the gun came from - and the identity of the person responsible for bringing it into the house and leaving it within the toddler's reach. Scroll down for video . Horrifying: Braylon Robinson was killed while playing at a house in Cleveland, Ohio. Another three-tear-old boy found the unattended weapon and pulled the trigger . Tragic: A three-year-old boy has shot dead a one-year-old baby after picking up a gun that had been left unattended in a Cleveland, Ohio, home, police said on Sunday night. Above, police outside the property . Cousin Trashawn Robinson told NBC on Monday the family has been torn apart by the youngster's death. He said the boy was 'always smiling' and 'kept everyone happy'. 'He didn't even make it to the hospital,' he said. 'Everybody loved Braylon.' Speaking to Cleveland.com, Cleveland Police Chief Calvin Williams said that this person will likely face charges in relation to the shooting, which has shocked residents across the city's east side. 'It's a sad day for Cleveland, Williams told reporters outside the home. 'This fascination that we have with handguns, not just in this city but in this country, has to stop. This is a senseless loss of life.' He added: 'Currently we're investigating where this firearm came from. We're also investigating how this tragedy actually happened. A three-year-old can't be held accountable for a tragedy like this. 'There have to be adults that either supplied the weapons, had charge of the weapons or knew the weapons were there and didn't do anything to safeguard them.' Investigation: The child, who has not been identified, fired the weapon after discovering it inside the house in East 63rd Street, where s at least one adult were reportedly staying. Above, investigators inspect the scene . Police chief: Cleveland Police Chief Calvin Williams (pictured) said that the person responsible for leaving the gun attended will likely face charges in relation to the shooting, which has shocked residents in the city . On Sunday afternoon, when the shooting occurred, the baby's mother could be heard screaming on the back porch after learning of the death of her son, who was later named as Braylon Robinson. Cleveland Emergency Medical Service Capt. Michael Threat told ABC the infant had been shot in the face. Throughout the afternoon, emergency crews were seen entering and exiting the home. Neighbors said that the mother lived in the house with at least three small children. 'They were really nice,' next-door neighbor Larry Simpson said, adding: 'It's a shame this had to happen.' Another neighbor told Fox: 'I was lost for words. It's sad. Why is there a gun in the house?' The toddler's parents' names were not released immediately. An investigation is ongoing. Disaster: On Sunday afternoon, when the shooting occurred, the baby's mother could be heard screaming on the back porch after learning of the death of her son. Above, two family friends rush to the aid of the mother . Shocked: One neighbor (pictured) said: 'I was lost for words. It's sad.... why is there a gun in the house?'

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

A one-year-old boy who was shot and killed by another toddler who picked up and fired a loaded gun has been pictured. Braylon Robinson was playing at a house in Cleveland, Ohio, on Sunday when another three-year-old boy found the unattended weapon and pulled the trigger. The bullet struck the baby boy in the face. Minutes later, he was rushed to an area hospital, where he was later pronounced dead. It is unclear whether the infant was related to the older boy. Now, investigators are apparently trying to determine where the gun came from - and the identity of the person responsible for bringing it into the house and leaving it within the toddler's reach. Scroll down for video . Horrifying: Braylon Robinson was killed while playing at a house in Cleveland, Ohio. Another three-tear-old boy found the unattended weapon and pulled the trigger . Tragic: A three-year-old boy has shot dead a one-year-old baby after picking up a gun that had been left unattended in a Cleveland, Ohio, home, police said on Sunday night. Above, police outside the property . Cousin Trashawn Robinson told NBC on Monday the family has been torn apart by the youngster's death. He said the boy was 'always smiling' and 'kept everyone happy'. 'He didn't even make it to the hospital,' he said. 'Everybody loved Braylon.' Speaking to Cleveland.com, Cleveland Police Chief Calvin Williams said that this person will likely face charges in relation to the shooting, which has shocked residents across the city's east side. 'It's a sad day for Cleveland, Williams told reporters outside the home. 'This fascination that we have with handguns, not just in this city but in this country, has to stop. This is a senseless loss of life.' He added: 'Currently we're investigating where this firearm came from. We're also investigating how this tragedy actually happened. A three-year-old can't be held accountable for a tragedy like this. 'There have to be adults that either supplied the weapons, had charge of the weapons or knew the weapons were there and didn't do anything to safeguard them.' Investigation: The child, who has not been identified, fired the weapon after discovering it inside the house in East 63rd Street, where s at least one adult were reportedly staying. Above, investigators inspect the scene . Police chief: Cleveland Police Chief Calvin Williams (pictured) said that the person responsible for leaving the gun attended will likely face charges in relation to the shooting, which has shocked residents in the city . On Sunday afternoon, when the shooting occurred, the baby's mother could be heard screaming on the back porch after learning of the death of her son, who was later named as Braylon Robinson. Cleveland Emergency Medical Service Capt. Michael Threat told ABC the infant had been shot in the face. Throughout the afternoon, emergency crews were seen entering and exiting the home. Neighbors said that the mother lived in the house with at least three small children. 'They were really nice,' next-door neighbor Larry Simpson said, adding: 'It's a shame this had to happen.' Another neighbor told Fox: 'I was lost for words. It's sad. Why is there a gun in the house?' The toddler's parents' names were not released immediately. An investigation is ongoing. Disaster: On Sunday afternoon, when the shooting occurred, the baby's mother could be heard screaming on the back porch after learning of the death of her son. Above, two family friends rush to the aid of the mother . Shocked: One neighbor (pictured) said: 'I was lost for words. It's sad.... why is there a gun in the house?'

The three-year-old boy picked up gun inside a Cleveland, Ohio, home .
He then pulled the trigger, shooting and killing Braylon Robinson .
It is unclear whether victim was related to the youngster who shot him .
Baby's mother could be heard screaming on the back porch on Sunday .
Police are trying to determine who left weapon within the child's reach .
Force chief said of accidental shooting: 'This is a senseless loss of life'


Prompt: Famished and queuing despondently as far as the eye can see, these  images will have the Islamic State's slick propaganda unit spitting feathers. In scenes more familiar in the most impoverished refugee camps, scores of downtrodden Syrians wait in line for hours for food in the terror group's self-declared capital Raqqa. It's a far cry from the all-conquering image of prosperity its jihadi PR machine would like the world to believe. The pictures were posted on Twitter by a member of the anti-ISIS campaign group Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently who risk their lives every day by documenting atrocities from inside the city. Scroll down for video . Impoverished: Dozens of Syrians queue for food in the Islamic State's self-declared capital of Raqqa . Downtrodden: In scenes more familiar in the most impoverished refugee camps, the pictures are a far cry from the all-conquering image of prosperity that terror group's slick PR machine would like the world see . Abu Ibrahim Raqqawi one of the group's founders, wrote the accompanying message: 'Lines waiting for some food. Yes this is the #ISIS State. Hunger, poverty and homelessness.' For those lucky enough to have a home, he paints a bleak picture of life spent in the dark and cold for hours on end. 'The city suffers from a shortage of electricity where the power goes off for 21 hours in the day,' he wrote in another tweet. ISIS prides itself on its well-oiled propaganda offensive, pumping out images, videos and even a weekly English-language magazine designed to recruit and radicalise would-be jihadists. Co-ordinated by its AlHayat Media Centre, the terror group makes extensive use of social media to keep in near-constant contact with supporters in the West - even selling branded merchandise such as T-shirts, baseball caps and cuddly toys. But as seen here, that ease of disseminating information can easily backfire. Most of the Syrians in this line appear to be woman and children. The pictures were posted on Twitter by the anti-ISIS group Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently who risk their lives leaking information from the city . The food queue pictures emerged days after ISIS took their draconian rule to bizarre new levels by threatening to jail any man caught wearing skinny jeans in an apparent crackdown on hipsters. The terror group said it would also imprison anyone caught with music on their mobiles, smoking or turning up late for prayer in the city. Violators will be jailed for ten days, during which time they will be made to take an 'Islamic course'. At the end of their prison term, they will be forced to take a test, with those who pass being released immediately. Those who don't will be fined and kept in prison until they do. Other sickening sentences involve people being stoned to death for alleged adultery and thrown off buildings after being accused of being homosexual. Bleak picture: Abu Ibrahim Raqqawi one of the group's founders, wrote the accompanying message: 'Lines waiting for some food. Yes this is the #ISIS State. Hunger, poverty and homelessness' One resident, named only as Jassem, told the group how dozens of people had fled the city in the wake of the jihadi network's brutal enforcement of its twisted form of sharia law. He said: 'ISIS tightens penalties and uses the principle of intimidation in dealing with public, which led to the migration and escape of many people.  Freedom of expression has become a crime.' In a separate development, ISIS has announced that all nurses working in areas under their control must speak English - something the NHS still hasn't introduced. Revealing plans to open a school of nursing in Raqqa, the extremists also disclosed the tough entry requirements for prospective medical workers. Among them are rules that applicants are no more than 25 years of age, must be willing to work anywhere inside the territory controlled by the extremists, and must speak fluent English. The latter rule is something that even the NHS has yet fully put in place, with nurses who trained in European countries still able to treat patients without any formal language checks thanks to bureaucratic rules barring the Nursing and Midwifery Council testing EU candidates.

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

Famished and queuing despondently as far as the eye can see, these  images will have the Islamic State's slick propaganda unit spitting feathers. In scenes more familiar in the most impoverished refugee camps, scores of downtrodden Syrians wait in line for hours for food in the terror group's self-declared capital Raqqa. It's a far cry from the all-conquering image of prosperity its jihadi PR machine would like the world to believe. The pictures were posted on Twitter by a member of the anti-ISIS campaign group Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently who risk their lives every day by documenting atrocities from inside the city. Scroll down for video . Impoverished: Dozens of Syrians queue for food in the Islamic State's self-declared capital of Raqqa . Downtrodden: In scenes more familiar in the most impoverished refugee camps, the pictures are a far cry from the all-conquering image of prosperity that terror group's slick PR machine would like the world see . Abu Ibrahim Raqqawi one of the group's founders, wrote the accompanying message: 'Lines waiting for some food. Yes this is the #ISIS State. Hunger, poverty and homelessness.' For those lucky enough to have a home, he paints a bleak picture of life spent in the dark and cold for hours on end. 'The city suffers from a shortage of electricity where the power goes off for 21 hours in the day,' he wrote in another tweet. ISIS prides itself on its well-oiled propaganda offensive, pumping out images, videos and even a weekly English-language magazine designed to recruit and radicalise would-be jihadists. Co-ordinated by its AlHayat Media Centre, the terror group makes extensive use of social media to keep in near-constant contact with supporters in the West - even selling branded merchandise such as T-shirts, baseball caps and cuddly toys. But as seen here, that ease of disseminating information can easily backfire. Most of the Syrians in this line appear to be woman and children. The pictures were posted on Twitter by the anti-ISIS group Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently who risk their lives leaking information from the city . The food queue pictures emerged days after ISIS took their draconian rule to bizarre new levels by threatening to jail any man caught wearing skinny jeans in an apparent crackdown on hipsters. The terror group said it would also imprison anyone caught with music on their mobiles, smoking or turning up late for prayer in the city. Violators will be jailed for ten days, during which time they will be made to take an 'Islamic course'. At the end of their prison term, they will be forced to take a test, with those who pass being released immediately. Those who don't will be fined and kept in prison until they do. Other sickening sentences involve people being stoned to death for alleged adultery and thrown off buildings after being accused of being homosexual. Bleak picture: Abu Ibrahim Raqqawi one of the group's founders, wrote the accompanying message: 'Lines waiting for some food. Yes this is the #ISIS State. Hunger, poverty and homelessness' One resident, named only as Jassem, told the group how dozens of people had fled the city in the wake of the jihadi network's brutal enforcement of its twisted form of sharia law. He said: 'ISIS tightens penalties and uses the principle of intimidation in dealing with public, which led to the migration and escape of many people.  Freedom of expression has become a crime.' In a separate development, ISIS has announced that all nurses working in areas under their control must speak English - something the NHS still hasn't introduced. Revealing plans to open a school of nursing in Raqqa, the extremists also disclosed the tough entry requirements for prospective medical workers. Among them are rules that applicants are no more than 25 years of age, must be willing to work anywhere inside the territory controlled by the extremists, and must speak fluent English. The latter rule is something that even the NHS has yet fully put in place, with nurses who trained in European countries still able to treat patients without any formal language checks thanks to bureaucratic rules barring the Nursing and Midwifery Council testing EU candidates.

Syrians line up despondently in scenes more familiar inside refugee camps .
Posted by anti-ISIS activist with message: Hunger, poverty, homelessness .
Syrians persecuted by terror group's warped interpretation of Islamic law .


Prompt: Two  Air Force nuclear missile launch officers who are facing drug charges related to ecstasy, cocaine and bath salts now face hearings to determine whether they will be court-martialed. 1st Lt Michael Alonso and 1st Lt Lantz Balthazar have been charged in cases stemming from an investigation that led to the disclosure last year of a separate exam-cheating scandal. One of their fellow missile officers who was a target of the same investigation pleaded guilty to illegal drug use in January and was kicked out of the service, the Air Force said on Friday. 1st Lt Michael Alonso and 1st Lt Lantz Balthazar of Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana have been charged . Alonso and Balthazar are both members of the 12th Missile Squadron at the 341st Missile Wing at the base . Alonso and Balthazar are both members of the 12th Missile Squadron at the 341st Missile Wing at Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana. The Malmstrom missile wing operates 150 of the Air Force's 450 Minuteman 3 intercontinental ballistic missiles, or ICBMs. Launch officers are trained to operate ICBMs that are armed with nuclear warheads and are on constant alert for possible launch. Alonso was charged with violations of the Uniform Code of Military Justice for illegal possession, use and distribution of ecstasy and for 'conspiracy related to the drug offenses', according to Malmstrom spokesman Josh Aycock. Balthazar was charged with illegal possession, use and distribution of ecstasy and cocaine and for conspiracy related to the drug offenses. He also was charged with illegal use of Pentedrone, which Aycock said is commonly called bath salts. Both officers were charged April 17. Malmstrom's missile wing operates 150 of the Air Force's 450 Minuteman 3 intercontinental ballistic missiles . Aycock said their cases will be reviewed at Article 32 hearings, which are akin to a civilian grand jury proceeding, to determine whether there is enough criminal evidence to warrant a court-martial. The hearings have not been scheduled, Aycock said. Alonso and Balthazar were among three Minuteman 3 launch officers at Malmstrom who were under investigation for illegal drug use. The other, 2nd Lt Nicole Dalmazzi, was charged in December and court-martialed in January. Dalmazzi, a member of the same squadron, pleaded guilty to illegal use of ecstasy and was dismissed from the Air Force and sentenced to a month of confinement in a Montana jail. The Air Force had also charged her with obstructing the Air Force Office of Special Investigations probe by allegedly dyeing her hair to alter the results of hair-follicle drug tests, but that charge was later dropped. The cases at Malmstrom stem from a drug investigation that began in August 2013 at Edwards Air Force Base in California. When investigators examined the cellphones of two airmen at Edwards they found text messages to or from 11 other Air Force officers at several other air bases, including Malmstrom. The messages allegedly detailed specific illegal drug use and led to the discovery that some had also improperly exchanged answers to ICBM launch officer proficiency tests. The ICBM force, which also operates from bases in Wyoming and North Dakota, has been under the public spotlight in recent years for a series of embarrassing missteps related to low morale, disciplinary problems, a lack of resources, training lapses and leadership failures. Last November, then-Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel announced plans for top-to-bottom changes in management of nuclear forces and said the Pentagon would spend $8billion to fix it. In testimony to a Senate panel this week, an administration official who headed a detailed review of the nuclear forces for Hagel last year said her group believed that as much as $25billion could be needed to fix an array of problems. 'The problems that we found were worse and they were much more systemic' than expected, Madelyn Creedon said in her testimony Wednesday. Creedon, who was head of the Pentagon's nuclear policy shop at the time and is now principal deputy administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration, said her review found morale in the nuclear Air Force was 'not good.' Nuclear missile crews told her they 'felt trapped' in their job. 'They would say, 'Well, I have the nuclear stink on me so I don't have much of a future in the rest of the Air Force,'' she said. The Air Force says it has begun to change that attitude by implementing a range of changes and improvements that are being felt across the force. Launch officers are trained to operate missiles armed with nuclear warheads and are on constant alert .

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

Two  Air Force nuclear missile launch officers who are facing drug charges related to ecstasy, cocaine and bath salts now face hearings to determine whether they will be court-martialed. 1st Lt Michael Alonso and 1st Lt Lantz Balthazar have been charged in cases stemming from an investigation that led to the disclosure last year of a separate exam-cheating scandal. One of their fellow missile officers who was a target of the same investigation pleaded guilty to illegal drug use in January and was kicked out of the service, the Air Force said on Friday. 1st Lt Michael Alonso and 1st Lt Lantz Balthazar of Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana have been charged . Alonso and Balthazar are both members of the 12th Missile Squadron at the 341st Missile Wing at the base . Alonso and Balthazar are both members of the 12th Missile Squadron at the 341st Missile Wing at Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana. The Malmstrom missile wing operates 150 of the Air Force's 450 Minuteman 3 intercontinental ballistic missiles, or ICBMs. Launch officers are trained to operate ICBMs that are armed with nuclear warheads and are on constant alert for possible launch. Alonso was charged with violations of the Uniform Code of Military Justice for illegal possession, use and distribution of ecstasy and for 'conspiracy related to the drug offenses', according to Malmstrom spokesman Josh Aycock. Balthazar was charged with illegal possession, use and distribution of ecstasy and cocaine and for conspiracy related to the drug offenses. He also was charged with illegal use of Pentedrone, which Aycock said is commonly called bath salts. Both officers were charged April 17. Malmstrom's missile wing operates 150 of the Air Force's 450 Minuteman 3 intercontinental ballistic missiles . Aycock said their cases will be reviewed at Article 32 hearings, which are akin to a civilian grand jury proceeding, to determine whether there is enough criminal evidence to warrant a court-martial. The hearings have not been scheduled, Aycock said. Alonso and Balthazar were among three Minuteman 3 launch officers at Malmstrom who were under investigation for illegal drug use. The other, 2nd Lt Nicole Dalmazzi, was charged in December and court-martialed in January. Dalmazzi, a member of the same squadron, pleaded guilty to illegal use of ecstasy and was dismissed from the Air Force and sentenced to a month of confinement in a Montana jail. The Air Force had also charged her with obstructing the Air Force Office of Special Investigations probe by allegedly dyeing her hair to alter the results of hair-follicle drug tests, but that charge was later dropped. The cases at Malmstrom stem from a drug investigation that began in August 2013 at Edwards Air Force Base in California. When investigators examined the cellphones of two airmen at Edwards they found text messages to or from 11 other Air Force officers at several other air bases, including Malmstrom. The messages allegedly detailed specific illegal drug use and led to the discovery that some had also improperly exchanged answers to ICBM launch officer proficiency tests. The ICBM force, which also operates from bases in Wyoming and North Dakota, has been under the public spotlight in recent years for a series of embarrassing missteps related to low morale, disciplinary problems, a lack of resources, training lapses and leadership failures. Last November, then-Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel announced plans for top-to-bottom changes in management of nuclear forces and said the Pentagon would spend $8billion to fix it. In testimony to a Senate panel this week, an administration official who headed a detailed review of the nuclear forces for Hagel last year said her group believed that as much as $25billion could be needed to fix an array of problems. 'The problems that we found were worse and they were much more systemic' than expected, Madelyn Creedon said in her testimony Wednesday. Creedon, who was head of the Pentagon's nuclear policy shop at the time and is now principal deputy administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration, said her review found morale in the nuclear Air Force was 'not good.' Nuclear missile crews told her they 'felt trapped' in their job. 'They would say, 'Well, I have the nuclear stink on me so I don't have much of a future in the rest of the Air Force,'' she said. The Air Force says it has begun to change that attitude by implementing a range of changes and improvements that are being felt across the force. Launch officers are trained to operate missiles armed with nuclear warheads and are on constant alert .

1st Lt Michael Alonso and 1st Lt Lantz Balthazar have both been charged .
Members of Missile Squadron at Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana .
Malmstrom missile wing operates  missiles armed with nuclear warheads .
Hearing will see if enough criminal evidence to warrant a court-martial .
Third officer was charged in December and court-martialed in January .


Prompt: It has spent four years orbiting the closest planet to our sun, but despite desperate attempts to extend the life of Messenger spacecraft, it is slowly spiraling towards Mercury's scorched surface. Yet even as its mission draws to an end, the final weeks of Nasa's Messenger spacecraft are revealing the planet in unrivaled detail. Messenger is currently 18 miles (29.1km) above Mercury after Nasa engineers used the last of its fuel in a last ditch effort to push the spacecraft higher into orbit after it dropped to within nine miles (15km) of the surface. Among the images sent back by Messenger as its mission draws to an end is this picture of 2km high cliffs cutting through the Carnegie crater. They are thought to have formed as Mercury has cooled and contracted . The spacecraft, however, is expected to smash into the planet's surface on 30 April. But as messenger drops ever closer to Mercury's surface, it is sending back some of the most detailed images ever obtained of the smallest planet in our solar system. Researchers have uncovered the mystery of Mercury's 'stealth' colour scheme. The say a steady dusting of carbon from passing comets has slowly painted Mercury black over billions of years. It solves the mystery of Mercury's unusual colouring - which has baffled scientists. On average, Mercury is much darker than its closest airless neighbour, our Moon. Airless bodies are known to be darkened by micrometeorite impacts and bombardment of solar wind, processes that create a thin coating of dark iron nanoparticles on the surface. But spectral data from Mercury suggests its surface contains very little nanophase iron, certainly not enough to account for its dim appearance. As comets approach Mercury's neighborhood near the sun, they often start to break apart. Cometary dust is composed of as much as 25 percent carbon by weight, so Mercury would be exposed to a steady bombardment of carbon from these crumbling comets. Scientists have calculated that after billions of years of bombardment, Mercury's surface should be anywhere from three to six percent carbon. Among the features it has revealed to scientists in the past month are patterns of distinctive hollows - each around a couple of hundred metres wide - in the bottom of a huge impact basin. It has also sent back detailed images of huge 1.2 mile (2km) high cliffs that cut across a crater named Duccio on the surface. Another image shows a 621 miles (1,000km) long cliff that rises 1.8 miles (3km) above the surface, called Enterprise Rupes. Data sent back by Mercury suggests these cliffs, or lobate scarps as they are called, have formed as Mercury has cooled and contracted over time, creating dramatic tectonic faults on the surface. Another image shows a meteorite crater that has almost completely filled with lava on Mercury's northern volcanic plains, leaving just the hint of a rim behind. It also shows how the contracting surface of the planet has also created strange formations where ridges and cliffs have hit other lava filled craters. Andy Calloway, Messenger Mission operatoins manager at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, said: 'The MESSENGER spacecraft operates in one of the most challenging and demanding space environments in our Solar System, and we have met that challenge directly through innovation and hard work, as exemplified by the stunning discoveries and data return achievements. 'Our only regret is that we have insufficient propellant to operate another 10 years, but we look forward to the incredible science returns planned for the final eight months of the mission.' This image by Messenger shows the distinctive hollows on the floor of the Zeami impact basin on Mercury . This ghostly crater filled with lava oozed from volcanic vents on Mercury leaving just the outline of the rim . This crumpled crater has been deformed after it filled with lava and then ridges formed as the surface cooled . Launched in August 2004, Messenger has traveled more than 4.9 billion miles (7.9 billion kilometers) during its mission to Mercury. The above graphic was released by Nasa to mark ten years since the spacecraft was launched in 2004 . Its journey included 15 trips around the sun before it entered orbit around Mercury in 2011 - the first spacecraft to ever do so. During its mission is has acquired more than 250,000 images and collected more than 10 terabytes of data with its suite of seven instruments. It has helped to reveal volcanic vents that measure up to 15 miles across that were once sources for the large volumes of lava that have covered the surface and carved out valleys. It has also revealed Mercury's complex internal structure and that the planet has an unusually large core that is still partially liquid. On 6 April engineers used the last of the Messenger spacecraft's hydrazine fuel to try to push it into a higher orbit. However, the tanks ran dry before they could raise it to more than 11 miles (18km) above the surface. In an attempt to increase its height further the team then ejected helium gas from the spacecraft through its thrusters to raise it to its currently height. This image shows some of the mysterious irregularly shaped hollows on Mercury's surface in greater detail . They hope to raise it further with another burst of helium on April 14. Karl Whittenburg, deputy mission operations manager at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, said: 'To our knowledge, this is the first-ever use of a pressurant for a planned propulsion of a spacecraft, so we could only theorize how it might perform. 'We are now fully confident that future use of gaseous helium will continue to provide Messenger with a unique vantage point for studying Mercury.' This image shows fine-grained volcanic material that has blown across impact craters almost like snow . This colour image of Mercury was one of the first sent back by Messenger as it approached the planet in 2008 . The above artist's impression shows Messenger as it orbits above the surface of Mercury. It is due to impact on the surface at the end of April as the planet's gravity slowly pulls it down out of its current orbit . Messenger has also revealed the temperature of Mercury's surface. This image of the planet's north pole shows the extreme heat it is subjected to with red indicating temperatures greater than 126°c and blue -220°c .

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

It has spent four years orbiting the closest planet to our sun, but despite desperate attempts to extend the life of Messenger spacecraft, it is slowly spiraling towards Mercury's scorched surface. Yet even as its mission draws to an end, the final weeks of Nasa's Messenger spacecraft are revealing the planet in unrivaled detail. Messenger is currently 18 miles (29.1km) above Mercury after Nasa engineers used the last of its fuel in a last ditch effort to push the spacecraft higher into orbit after it dropped to within nine miles (15km) of the surface. Among the images sent back by Messenger as its mission draws to an end is this picture of 2km high cliffs cutting through the Carnegie crater. They are thought to have formed as Mercury has cooled and contracted . The spacecraft, however, is expected to smash into the planet's surface on 30 April. But as messenger drops ever closer to Mercury's surface, it is sending back some of the most detailed images ever obtained of the smallest planet in our solar system. Researchers have uncovered the mystery of Mercury's 'stealth' colour scheme. The say a steady dusting of carbon from passing comets has slowly painted Mercury black over billions of years. It solves the mystery of Mercury's unusual colouring - which has baffled scientists. On average, Mercury is much darker than its closest airless neighbour, our Moon. Airless bodies are known to be darkened by micrometeorite impacts and bombardment of solar wind, processes that create a thin coating of dark iron nanoparticles on the surface. But spectral data from Mercury suggests its surface contains very little nanophase iron, certainly not enough to account for its dim appearance. As comets approach Mercury's neighborhood near the sun, they often start to break apart. Cometary dust is composed of as much as 25 percent carbon by weight, so Mercury would be exposed to a steady bombardment of carbon from these crumbling comets. Scientists have calculated that after billions of years of bombardment, Mercury's surface should be anywhere from three to six percent carbon. Among the features it has revealed to scientists in the past month are patterns of distinctive hollows - each around a couple of hundred metres wide - in the bottom of a huge impact basin. It has also sent back detailed images of huge 1.2 mile (2km) high cliffs that cut across a crater named Duccio on the surface. Another image shows a 621 miles (1,000km) long cliff that rises 1.8 miles (3km) above the surface, called Enterprise Rupes. Data sent back by Mercury suggests these cliffs, or lobate scarps as they are called, have formed as Mercury has cooled and contracted over time, creating dramatic tectonic faults on the surface. Another image shows a meteorite crater that has almost completely filled with lava on Mercury's northern volcanic plains, leaving just the hint of a rim behind. It also shows how the contracting surface of the planet has also created strange formations where ridges and cliffs have hit other lava filled craters. Andy Calloway, Messenger Mission operatoins manager at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, said: 'The MESSENGER spacecraft operates in one of the most challenging and demanding space environments in our Solar System, and we have met that challenge directly through innovation and hard work, as exemplified by the stunning discoveries and data return achievements. 'Our only regret is that we have insufficient propellant to operate another 10 years, but we look forward to the incredible science returns planned for the final eight months of the mission.' This image by Messenger shows the distinctive hollows on the floor of the Zeami impact basin on Mercury . This ghostly crater filled with lava oozed from volcanic vents on Mercury leaving just the outline of the rim . This crumpled crater has been deformed after it filled with lava and then ridges formed as the surface cooled . Launched in August 2004, Messenger has traveled more than 4.9 billion miles (7.9 billion kilometers) during its mission to Mercury. The above graphic was released by Nasa to mark ten years since the spacecraft was launched in 2004 . Its journey included 15 trips around the sun before it entered orbit around Mercury in 2011 - the first spacecraft to ever do so. During its mission is has acquired more than 250,000 images and collected more than 10 terabytes of data with its suite of seven instruments. It has helped to reveal volcanic vents that measure up to 15 miles across that were once sources for the large volumes of lava that have covered the surface and carved out valleys. It has also revealed Mercury's complex internal structure and that the planet has an unusually large core that is still partially liquid. On 6 April engineers used the last of the Messenger spacecraft's hydrazine fuel to try to push it into a higher orbit. However, the tanks ran dry before they could raise it to more than 11 miles (18km) above the surface. In an attempt to increase its height further the team then ejected helium gas from the spacecraft through its thrusters to raise it to its currently height. This image shows some of the mysterious irregularly shaped hollows on Mercury's surface in greater detail . They hope to raise it further with another burst of helium on April 14. Karl Whittenburg, deputy mission operations manager at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, said: 'To our knowledge, this is the first-ever use of a pressurant for a planned propulsion of a spacecraft, so we could only theorize how it might perform. 'We are now fully confident that future use of gaseous helium will continue to provide Messenger with a unique vantage point for studying Mercury.' This image shows fine-grained volcanic material that has blown across impact craters almost like snow . This colour image of Mercury was one of the first sent back by Messenger as it approached the planet in 2008 . The above artist's impression shows Messenger as it orbits above the surface of Mercury. It is due to impact on the surface at the end of April as the planet's gravity slowly pulls it down out of its current orbit . Messenger has also revealed the temperature of Mercury's surface. This image of the planet's north pole shows the extreme heat it is subjected to with red indicating temperatures greater than 126°c and blue -220°c .

Messenger is expected to impact on the surface of Mercury around April 30 .
Spacecraft has been orbiting Mercury since 2011, taking 250,000 pictures .
As it gets lower it is sending back images of the surface in greater detail .
Engineers have attempted to extend the mission by using up its last fuel .


Prompt: Disgraced former CIA Director David Petraeus will not go to jail for giving his mistress classified material while she was working on a book about him, a judge ruled today. The former U.S. Army General, whose career was destroyed when the affair with Paula Broadwell emerged in November 2012, avoided jail time at the hearing in Charlotte, North Carolina on Thursday and was instead sentenced to two years probation. He was also fined $100,000 - more than double the $40,000 his attorneys had requested. While Petraeus had agreed two months ago to plead guilty to a misdemeanor count of unauthorized removal and retention of classified material, he formally entered his plea during Thursday's hearing. Petraeus was wearing his wedding ring but there was no sign of his wife, Holly. He told the court he wanted to apologize to those closest to him 'for the pain my actions caused'. Apologies: Former CIA director David Petraeus apologized for his 'mistakes' as he spoke outside the North Carolina courthouse where he was sentenced to two years probation on Thursday afternoon . Sentenced: As well as the probation, he was fined $100,000 for leaking classified information to his mistress . Following the hearing, he briefly addressed the media outside the courthouse. 'As I did in the past, I apologize for those closest to me and many others,' he said, before thanking his supporters including his family, colleagues and fellow veterans. 'I now look forward to moving on with the next phase of my life and with continuing to serve our great nation as a private citizen,' he added. Critics have noted that in other cases concerning government leaks, defendants have received far harsher punishments than Petraeus. CIA analyst John Kiriakou who is serving 30 months behind bars for revealing the secret CIA torture program. Ben Wizner, an American Civil Liberties Union lawyer who represents Edward Snowden, told Reuters that he was not against lighter sentences - as long as such treatment is handed out equally. 'The problem is not that David Petraeus is getting lenient treatment,' Wizner said. 'The problem is that lenient treatment is only available to people in high places.' Petraeus was also given special conditions for his probation. He is allowed to travel internationally with his probation officer's approval, for example, and is allowed to possess firearms. He is allowed to pay the $100,000 fine $25,000 per month until it is paid in full. Going solo: Petraeus, who was seen wearing his wedding ring to  court, was not accompanied by his wife Holly to the sentencing hearing. It emerged in 2012 that he had been having an affair with his biographer . Petraeus has 14 days to file an appeal if he wants to dispute the sentencing. In the previous agreement, prosecutors said that while Broadwell was writing her book in 2011, Petraeus gave her eight binders of classified material he had improperly kept from his time as the top military commander in Afghanistan. Days later, he took the binders back to his house. Among the secret information contained in the 'black books' were the names of covert operatives, the coalition war strategy and notes about Petraeus' discussions with President Barack Obama and the National Security Council, prosecutors said. Those binders were later seized by the FBI in an April 2013 search of Petraeus' Arlington, Virginia, home, where he had kept them in the unlocked drawer of a desk in a ground-floor study. Prosecutors said that after resigning from the CIA in November 2012, Petraeus had signed a form falsely attesting he had no classified material. He also lied to FBI agents by denying he supplied the information to Broadwell, according to court documents. Affair: Petraeus gave his mistress Paula Broadwell, pictured together in 2011, classified material that he had improperly kept from his time in the military. She was writing his biography at the time . Petraeus, a four-star general who served as commander of the U.S. Forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, resigned from the CIA in 2012 when the affair emerged but always denied criminal wrongdoing. Broadwell, now 42, met Petraeus, 62, while she was a graduate student at Harvard University, where she was working on a dissertation about him. She wrote his biography, 'All In: The Education of General David Petraeus', which afforded them considerable time together. They carried on an affair between late 2011 and the summer of 2012. But the relationship was later uncovered whiled the FBI investigated claims that one of Petraeus' friends, Florida socialite Jill Kelley, was receiving threatening emails. The messages were found to have been sent by Broadwell, a married mother-of-two. As agents investigated Broadwell's email account, they uncovered the affair and learned the CIA director had shared classified information with her. Petraeus, who remains married to wife Holly, acknowledged the affair as he stepped down, while in May 2013, Broadwell, who is also still married, finally issued an apology for the relationship. 'I have remorse for the harm that this has caused, the sadness it has caused my family and other families,' she told her local station, WSOC. Hurt: Paula Broadwell remains married to husband Scott, pictured together left in 2012, while Petraeus is married to wife Holly, right, despite the affair that forced him to step down as CIA chief in 2012 . 'I'm very blessed. Blessed with an awesome family, a wonderful community that's been a great part of my rehabilitation, if you will. Even when you've made mistakes in life you can still contribute and pick up the stuff and move on.' Petraeus held the CIA post less than a year, not long enough to leave a significant mark on the spy agency. The core of his identity has been a military man. He was brought in by President George W. Bush to command multinational forces in Iraq in 2007, a period when the war began to turn in favor of the U.S. Petraeus' command coincided with the 'surge' of American forces in Iraq and a plan to pay Sunni militias to fight al-Qaeda in Iraq. With American help, the Sunni tribes were able to push out insurgents and enable U.S. troops to withdraw in 2011. Those same Sunni areas are now controlled by the Islamic State group, which evolved from the remnants of al-Qaida after Iraqi's Shiite-led government proved weak.

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

Disgraced former CIA Director David Petraeus will not go to jail for giving his mistress classified material while she was working on a book about him, a judge ruled today. The former U.S. Army General, whose career was destroyed when the affair with Paula Broadwell emerged in November 2012, avoided jail time at the hearing in Charlotte, North Carolina on Thursday and was instead sentenced to two years probation. He was also fined $100,000 - more than double the $40,000 his attorneys had requested. While Petraeus had agreed two months ago to plead guilty to a misdemeanor count of unauthorized removal and retention of classified material, he formally entered his plea during Thursday's hearing. Petraeus was wearing his wedding ring but there was no sign of his wife, Holly. He told the court he wanted to apologize to those closest to him 'for the pain my actions caused'. Apologies: Former CIA director David Petraeus apologized for his 'mistakes' as he spoke outside the North Carolina courthouse where he was sentenced to two years probation on Thursday afternoon . Sentenced: As well as the probation, he was fined $100,000 for leaking classified information to his mistress . Following the hearing, he briefly addressed the media outside the courthouse. 'As I did in the past, I apologize for those closest to me and many others,' he said, before thanking his supporters including his family, colleagues and fellow veterans. 'I now look forward to moving on with the next phase of my life and with continuing to serve our great nation as a private citizen,' he added. Critics have noted that in other cases concerning government leaks, defendants have received far harsher punishments than Petraeus. CIA analyst John Kiriakou who is serving 30 months behind bars for revealing the secret CIA torture program. Ben Wizner, an American Civil Liberties Union lawyer who represents Edward Snowden, told Reuters that he was not against lighter sentences - as long as such treatment is handed out equally. 'The problem is not that David Petraeus is getting lenient treatment,' Wizner said. 'The problem is that lenient treatment is only available to people in high places.' Petraeus was also given special conditions for his probation. He is allowed to travel internationally with his probation officer's approval, for example, and is allowed to possess firearms. He is allowed to pay the $100,000 fine $25,000 per month until it is paid in full. Going solo: Petraeus, who was seen wearing his wedding ring to  court, was not accompanied by his wife Holly to the sentencing hearing. It emerged in 2012 that he had been having an affair with his biographer . Petraeus has 14 days to file an appeal if he wants to dispute the sentencing. In the previous agreement, prosecutors said that while Broadwell was writing her book in 2011, Petraeus gave her eight binders of classified material he had improperly kept from his time as the top military commander in Afghanistan. Days later, he took the binders back to his house. Among the secret information contained in the 'black books' were the names of covert operatives, the coalition war strategy and notes about Petraeus' discussions with President Barack Obama and the National Security Council, prosecutors said. Those binders were later seized by the FBI in an April 2013 search of Petraeus' Arlington, Virginia, home, where he had kept them in the unlocked drawer of a desk in a ground-floor study. Prosecutors said that after resigning from the CIA in November 2012, Petraeus had signed a form falsely attesting he had no classified material. He also lied to FBI agents by denying he supplied the information to Broadwell, according to court documents. Affair: Petraeus gave his mistress Paula Broadwell, pictured together in 2011, classified material that he had improperly kept from his time in the military. She was writing his biography at the time . Petraeus, a four-star general who served as commander of the U.S. Forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, resigned from the CIA in 2012 when the affair emerged but always denied criminal wrongdoing. Broadwell, now 42, met Petraeus, 62, while she was a graduate student at Harvard University, where she was working on a dissertation about him. She wrote his biography, 'All In: The Education of General David Petraeus', which afforded them considerable time together. They carried on an affair between late 2011 and the summer of 2012. But the relationship was later uncovered whiled the FBI investigated claims that one of Petraeus' friends, Florida socialite Jill Kelley, was receiving threatening emails. The messages were found to have been sent by Broadwell, a married mother-of-two. As agents investigated Broadwell's email account, they uncovered the affair and learned the CIA director had shared classified information with her. Petraeus, who remains married to wife Holly, acknowledged the affair as he stepped down, while in May 2013, Broadwell, who is also still married, finally issued an apology for the relationship. 'I have remorse for the harm that this has caused, the sadness it has caused my family and other families,' she told her local station, WSOC. Hurt: Paula Broadwell remains married to husband Scott, pictured together left in 2012, while Petraeus is married to wife Holly, right, despite the affair that forced him to step down as CIA chief in 2012 . 'I'm very blessed. Blessed with an awesome family, a wonderful community that's been a great part of my rehabilitation, if you will. Even when you've made mistakes in life you can still contribute and pick up the stuff and move on.' Petraeus held the CIA post less than a year, not long enough to leave a significant mark on the spy agency. The core of his identity has been a military man. He was brought in by President George W. Bush to command multinational forces in Iraq in 2007, a period when the war began to turn in favor of the U.S. Petraeus' command coincided with the 'surge' of American forces in Iraq and a plan to pay Sunni militias to fight al-Qaeda in Iraq. With American help, the Sunni tribes were able to push out insurgents and enable U.S. troops to withdraw in 2011. Those same Sunni areas are now controlled by the Islamic State group, which evolved from the remnants of al-Qaida after Iraqi's Shiite-led government proved weak.

The former U.S. Army General appeared in court in Charlotte, North Carolina on Thursday for his sentencing hearing .
He admitted to giving his biographer mistress classified material he had improperly kept from the military - which carried up to a year in prison .
But he was instead sentenced to two years probation and a $100,000 fine .
Speaking after, Petraeus apologized for his 'mistakes' but thanked his supporters and said he was looking forward to moving on with his life .
He had an affair with Paula Broadwell between late 2011 and summer 2012, and stepped down from the CIA after the relationship emerged .


Prompt: Julian Speroni will take his Crystal Palace career into a 12th season after agreeing a new contract. The goalkeeper, who joined from Dundee in July 2004, has triggered a 12-month extension that will expire at the end of next season. Speroni, yet again, has played a lead role for Palace this season in the club's attempts to stay in the Barclays Premier League. Julian Speroni will be at Crystal Palace for another year at least after triggering a 12-month contract extension . Speroni desperately dives to try and save Yaya Toure's effort against Crystal Palace on Monday night . The 35-year-old will have a testimonial against Dundee at the end of the season. But his Eagles career looks far from over as he continues to play a key role for Alan Pardew. Meanwhile, Palace are on the look out for a new shirt sponsor after money transfer firm Neteller ended their partnership with the club. Speroni signed from Dundee in 2004 and will take his Palace career into a 12th season .

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

Julian Speroni will take his Crystal Palace career into a 12th season after agreeing a new contract. The goalkeeper, who joined from Dundee in July 2004, has triggered a 12-month extension that will expire at the end of next season. Speroni, yet again, has played a lead role for Palace this season in the club's attempts to stay in the Barclays Premier League. Julian Speroni will be at Crystal Palace for another year at least after triggering a 12-month contract extension . Speroni desperately dives to try and save Yaya Toure's effort against Crystal Palace on Monday night . The 35-year-old will have a testimonial against Dundee at the end of the season. But his Eagles career looks far from over as he continues to play a key role for Alan Pardew. Meanwhile, Palace are on the look out for a new shirt sponsor after money transfer firm Neteller ended their partnership with the club. Speroni signed from Dundee in 2004 and will take his Palace career into a 12th season .

Julian Speroni signed from Dundee in 2004 and is a Crystal Palace legend .
Argentine goalkeeper triggers contract extension at Selhurst Park .
Speroni will have testimonial at the end of the season against Dundee .


Prompt: CCTV pictures show a man police want to speak to after a 'peeping Tom' incident at a swimming pool . These pictures show a 'peeping Tom' who is believed to have been spying on young women changing in cubicles at a swimming pool. At around 12.45pm yesterday, a 19-year-old woman was changing in a cubicle in Aqua Vale Swimming Pool in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, when she noticed a man looking under the bottom of the cubicle. She had kicked him and he then disappeared. Captured on CCTV cameras placed in the changing areas near the pool, the latest pictures are thought to be connected to a similar incident that took place at the same pool. On February 7, a man sexually assaulted two teenage girls in the changing area of the pool. Police issued the new images, appealing for anyone who recognises the man to contact them urgently. A spokesman for Thames Valley Police said: 'The woman kicked out at the man and he moved away, before she noticed him looking at her again.' 'The victim shouted and the man was not seen again. 'Officers are investigating the incident and are linking it to an incident at the same location on 7 February in which a man sexually assaulted two teenage girls in the changing area.' Detective Sergeant Simon Johnson, of Aylesbury Force CID, said: 'Detectives are investigating both incidents, which we believe are linked. 'In this incident the victim was not touched by the offender. 'However, this would have been an understandably distressing incident for her. 'I would like to appeal to anyone who recognises the man shown in the CCTV image as he may have information which could assist with our inquiries.' Anyone with information should call the 24-hour Thames Valley Police enquiry centre on 101 or Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111. Police officers are appealing for anyone who recognises the man in the pictures to contact them urgently . The incident occurred as the woman was changing in a cubicle in Aqua Vale Swimming Pool in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire (pictured)

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

CCTV pictures show a man police want to speak to after a 'peeping Tom' incident at a swimming pool . These pictures show a 'peeping Tom' who is believed to have been spying on young women changing in cubicles at a swimming pool. At around 12.45pm yesterday, a 19-year-old woman was changing in a cubicle in Aqua Vale Swimming Pool in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, when she noticed a man looking under the bottom of the cubicle. She had kicked him and he then disappeared. Captured on CCTV cameras placed in the changing areas near the pool, the latest pictures are thought to be connected to a similar incident that took place at the same pool. On February 7, a man sexually assaulted two teenage girls in the changing area of the pool. Police issued the new images, appealing for anyone who recognises the man to contact them urgently. A spokesman for Thames Valley Police said: 'The woman kicked out at the man and he moved away, before she noticed him looking at her again.' 'The victim shouted and the man was not seen again. 'Officers are investigating the incident and are linking it to an incident at the same location on 7 February in which a man sexually assaulted two teenage girls in the changing area.' Detective Sergeant Simon Johnson, of Aylesbury Force CID, said: 'Detectives are investigating both incidents, which we believe are linked. 'In this incident the victim was not touched by the offender. 'However, this would have been an understandably distressing incident for her. 'I would like to appeal to anyone who recognises the man shown in the CCTV image as he may have information which could assist with our inquiries.' Anyone with information should call the 24-hour Thames Valley Police enquiry centre on 101 or Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111. Police officers are appealing for anyone who recognises the man in the pictures to contact them urgently . The incident occurred as the woman was changing in a cubicle in Aqua Vale Swimming Pool in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire (pictured)

A 19-year-old woman said a man had looked under her changing cubicle .
Police issued CCTV images from at Aqua Vale swimming pool in Aylesbury .
New pictures thought to be connected to similar incident at the same pool .
On February 7, two teenage girls were sexually assaulted in changing area .


Prompt: A new designer drug even stronger than crystal meth dubbed '$5 insanity' for its mind-bending effects is spreading across Florida.. Flakka, which can be injected, snorted, smoked, swallowed or taken with other substances like marijuana, is usually made from the chemical alpha-PVP. That's the synthetic version of the stimulant cathinone, the same type of chemical that is used to make bath salts. The use of flakka  a designer drug that can be even stronger than crystal meth or bath salts, is up in Florida . Flakka can be injected, snorted, smoked, swallowed or taken with other drugs and substances like marijuana . Flakka resembles a mix of crack cocaine and meth and it has a noticeably foul smell (bath salts pictured) Flakka resembles a mix of crack cocaine and meth and it has a noticeably foul smell, WPBF 25 News reported. St. Lucie County Sheriff's Office special investigations Sgt. Rob Pettit said: 'It has a strong odor like a sweaty sock. 'It's pretty serious. 'We're always trying to play catchup with the drug dealers as it is, and now here we are trying to get accustomed to finding yet another drug.' Once ingested, the drug causes a feeling of euphoria, hallucinations and sometimes psychosis or apparent superhuman strength. The high lasts for a couple hours and users are left with a strong desire to use again. Users have nicknamed the drug '$5 insanity' because hits often cost less than $10, the Sun-Sentinel reported. Cathinone use is apparently up across the nation and the use of Flakka is also certainly increasing in Florida . Flakka has been involved in a number of incidents in recent weeks, including one where a man impaled himself white trying to scale a fence, CBS reported. Jim Hall, an epidemiologist at the Center for Applied Research on Substance Use and Health Disparities at Nova Southeastern University, said: 'We're starting to see a rash of cases of a syndrome referred to as excited delirium. 'This is where the body goes into hyperthermia, generally a temperature of 105 degrees. 'The individual becomes psychotic, they often rip off their clothes and run out into the street violently and have an adrenaline-like strength and police are called and it takes four or five officers to restrain them. 'Then once they are restrained, if they don't receive immediate medical attention they can die.' There were more than 670 Flakka occurrences in Florida in 2014, up from 85 in 2012 and zero in 2010, according to the Drug Enforcement Administration.

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

A new designer drug even stronger than crystal meth dubbed '$5 insanity' for its mind-bending effects is spreading across Florida.. Flakka, which can be injected, snorted, smoked, swallowed or taken with other substances like marijuana, is usually made from the chemical alpha-PVP. That's the synthetic version of the stimulant cathinone, the same type of chemical that is used to make bath salts. The use of flakka  a designer drug that can be even stronger than crystal meth or bath salts, is up in Florida . Flakka can be injected, snorted, smoked, swallowed or taken with other drugs and substances like marijuana . Flakka resembles a mix of crack cocaine and meth and it has a noticeably foul smell (bath salts pictured) Flakka resembles a mix of crack cocaine and meth and it has a noticeably foul smell, WPBF 25 News reported. St. Lucie County Sheriff's Office special investigations Sgt. Rob Pettit said: 'It has a strong odor like a sweaty sock. 'It's pretty serious. 'We're always trying to play catchup with the drug dealers as it is, and now here we are trying to get accustomed to finding yet another drug.' Once ingested, the drug causes a feeling of euphoria, hallucinations and sometimes psychosis or apparent superhuman strength. The high lasts for a couple hours and users are left with a strong desire to use again. Users have nicknamed the drug '$5 insanity' because hits often cost less than $10, the Sun-Sentinel reported. Cathinone use is apparently up across the nation and the use of Flakka is also certainly increasing in Florida . Flakka has been involved in a number of incidents in recent weeks, including one where a man impaled himself white trying to scale a fence, CBS reported. Jim Hall, an epidemiologist at the Center for Applied Research on Substance Use and Health Disparities at Nova Southeastern University, said: 'We're starting to see a rash of cases of a syndrome referred to as excited delirium. 'This is where the body goes into hyperthermia, generally a temperature of 105 degrees. 'The individual becomes psychotic, they often rip off their clothes and run out into the street violently and have an adrenaline-like strength and police are called and it takes four or five officers to restrain them. 'Then once they are restrained, if they don't receive immediate medical attention they can die.' There were more than 670 Flakka occurrences in Florida in 2014, up from 85 in 2012 and zero in 2010, according to the Drug Enforcement Administration.

Drug is made from same version of stimulant used to produce bath salts .
Flakka can be injected, snorted, smoked, or swallowed .
It causes  euphoria, hallucinations, psychosis and superhuman strength .
High lasts for couple hours and users have strong desire to re-use .
More than 670 Flakka occurrences in Florida in 2014, up from 85 in 2012 .


Prompt: Johannesburg (CNN)He checked the series of stills on his camera. It was then that photographer James Oatway realized the entire attack had taken less than two minutes. It was the morning after a night of unrest in Johannesburg's Alexandra Township that saw foreign-owned shops looted and destroyed. Mozambican Emmanuel Sithole was walking down a street when four South Africans surrounded him. Sithole pleaded for mercy, but it was already too late. The attackers bludgeoned him with a wrench, stabbed him with knives, all in broad daylight. And Oatway had captured it all on his camera. "They looked like hardened thugs, just by their intensity, the way they moved, the expressions on their faces," Oatway told CNN. "They wanted one thing and that was to kill Emmanuel. They wanted his blood and nothing was going to stop them from doing that." Oatway says he tried to get as close as possible, conscious that the attackers were aware of his presence. "When the attack started I was 20 meters (65 feet) away, but at one point I was 4 or 5 meters away," he said. "I did think that maybe they would leave him alone." The attackers finally did move on and leave Sithole alone. Oatway and his fellow journalist Beauregard Tromp quickly put the injured man in the back of the car and rushed him to a hospital, where he later died. "I still remember him looking straight into my eyes," said Oatway. "He had a kind of a dazed, shocked look in his face." Oatway's series of images of the ordeal landed on the front page of South Africa's Sunday Times under the headline, "Kill thy neighbor: Alex attack brings home SA's shame." It's a shame that South Africa continues to confront. Seven people have been killed in the latest round of xenophobic violence against poorer immigrants, many from South Africa's neighbors. Xenophobic attacks: How did we get here? Local media alleged that the attacks were a consequence of Zulu King Goodwill Zwelithini reportedly saying at a recent gathering that foreigners "should pack their bags and go" because they are taking jobs from citizens. Shortly after his reported comments, violence against immigrants erupted in the port city of Durban. But on Monday, Zwelithini said he had not called for a war on immigrants. "This war I am calling for today is to protect everyone of foreign origin in this country irrespective of which country they are from." The United Nations said the attacks actually began in March after a labor dispute between citizens and foreign workers. OPINION: Labeling South Africa violence as xenophobia misses the point . But it was Oatway's photos of the violent attack on Sithole that have seemingly encapsulated the true horror of the situation -- and South Africa's leaders have begun to take notice. "Terrible picture. People who live in rough townships have never seen such a scene," said President Jacob Zuma about the photos in a televised news conference. "And I was sitting and I was saying to myself, what are we telling the world about ourselves?" Police announced they've now arrested all four suspects -- the last caught overnight Tuesday -- with help from Oatway's photos, which is little solace for the photographer who captured a level of depravity rarely seen. "I'm sickened by it," said Oatway. "And I'm extremely angry, angry with the men that did this, and ultimately I'm upset that our efforts weren't successful in saving Emmanuel's life."

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

Johannesburg (CNN)He checked the series of stills on his camera. It was then that photographer James Oatway realized the entire attack had taken less than two minutes. It was the morning after a night of unrest in Johannesburg's Alexandra Township that saw foreign-owned shops looted and destroyed. Mozambican Emmanuel Sithole was walking down a street when four South Africans surrounded him. Sithole pleaded for mercy, but it was already too late. The attackers bludgeoned him with a wrench, stabbed him with knives, all in broad daylight. And Oatway had captured it all on his camera. "They looked like hardened thugs, just by their intensity, the way they moved, the expressions on their faces," Oatway told CNN. "They wanted one thing and that was to kill Emmanuel. They wanted his blood and nothing was going to stop them from doing that." Oatway says he tried to get as close as possible, conscious that the attackers were aware of his presence. "When the attack started I was 20 meters (65 feet) away, but at one point I was 4 or 5 meters away," he said. "I did think that maybe they would leave him alone." The attackers finally did move on and leave Sithole alone. Oatway and his fellow journalist Beauregard Tromp quickly put the injured man in the back of the car and rushed him to a hospital, where he later died. "I still remember him looking straight into my eyes," said Oatway. "He had a kind of a dazed, shocked look in his face." Oatway's series of images of the ordeal landed on the front page of South Africa's Sunday Times under the headline, "Kill thy neighbor: Alex attack brings home SA's shame." It's a shame that South Africa continues to confront. Seven people have been killed in the latest round of xenophobic violence against poorer immigrants, many from South Africa's neighbors. Xenophobic attacks: How did we get here? Local media alleged that the attacks were a consequence of Zulu King Goodwill Zwelithini reportedly saying at a recent gathering that foreigners "should pack their bags and go" because they are taking jobs from citizens. Shortly after his reported comments, violence against immigrants erupted in the port city of Durban. But on Monday, Zwelithini said he had not called for a war on immigrants. "This war I am calling for today is to protect everyone of foreign origin in this country irrespective of which country they are from." The United Nations said the attacks actually began in March after a labor dispute between citizens and foreign workers. OPINION: Labeling South Africa violence as xenophobia misses the point . But it was Oatway's photos of the violent attack on Sithole that have seemingly encapsulated the true horror of the situation -- and South Africa's leaders have begun to take notice. "Terrible picture. People who live in rough townships have never seen such a scene," said President Jacob Zuma about the photos in a televised news conference. "And I was sitting and I was saying to myself, what are we telling the world about ourselves?" Police announced they've now arrested all four suspects -- the last caught overnight Tuesday -- with help from Oatway's photos, which is little solace for the photographer who captured a level of depravity rarely seen. "I'm sickened by it," said Oatway. "And I'm extremely angry, angry with the men that did this, and ultimately I'm upset that our efforts weren't successful in saving Emmanuel's life."

Photographer James Oatway captured a violent attack that resulted in death of a Mozambican in South Africa .
Seven people have been killed in recent violence against poorer immigrants, many from South Africa's neighbors .


Prompt: Crystal Palace would sell coveted winger Yannick Bolasie for '£40million to £60million', according to manager Alan Pardew. Pardew claims all his players are 'undervalued' as the Selhurst Park club bid to assert their Barclays Premier League clout. The former Newcastle boss is ready to fend off big-money bids for his in-demand stars like Bolasie and defender Scott Dann - but conceded 'every player has a price'. Alan Pardew says he would sell Yannick Bolasie if Crystal Palace were offered £40-60million . Bolasie has been in fine form in recent weeks as Palace have enjoyed a successful second half of the season . Democratic Republic of Congo star Bolasie joined Palace for around £400,000 from Bristol City in 2012 but has risen steadily in standing ever since. Last week Pardew slapped a £20m price tag on the 25-year-old's head with Liverpool circling - now he has casually bandied about figures three times as high. 'I'll sell Yannick, if someone wants to give me £40m to £60m, somewhere in there, that would be good,' Pardew said. 'I'll take it and we'll build the team around that money. Every player has a price, of course. All these players here are undervalued, in my opinion. 'This is a top-10 team at the moment, top 12, yet if you put the valuation of our squad against any of the other teams above us, and some below, it's not right. 'So I'm going to address that. Anyone who rings me up will get a proper price. It's only our second year in the Premier League so it's understandable (if players are undervalued). Bolasie celebrates after netting for Palace, as he has begun to add goalscoring to his all-round game . Bolasie scored a hat-trick against Sunderland a few weeks ago, and is attracting the attention of top clubs . 'You need to put your credentials there every week. I think these players are starting to do that now; Bolasie, (Jason) Puncheon, (Joel) Ward, (Damien) Delaney. 'Therefore when I hear figures being talked about players, they are not even close to where I value these players. 'It's very easy to address: a manager has to ring me up and I will tell him the price, and that will be addressed.' Lyon-born Bolasie bagged a hat-trick in Palace's 4-1 Premier League win at Sunderland on April 11, his fine form since prompting a raft of transfer speculation. Liverpool's initial plans to offer £10million this summer have been thwarted, but boss Brendan Rodgers is weighing up offering striker Rickie Lambert as well as increasing his transfer bid. Pardew says he is not keen to lose his star man, but would sell him if the right offer came in . Pardew insists several of his players, including Jason Puncheon (left) and Joel Ward, are undervalued . While Pardew will be at pains to hold onto all his front-line talents at Palace over the summer, the ex-Eagles midfielder conceded the club may not be able to resist an outrageous bid. Pardew said Palace could end up wise to repeat the calculated 'gamble' he helped take at Newcastle when the St James' Park club sold Andy Carroll to Liverpool for £35million in 2011. The Selhurst Park manager believes selling one star for big money can help rejuvenate an entire squad. 'I can think of a situation I had at Newcastle, the last day of the window, a team that wasn't great, not too far away from the relegation zone and we accepted a big bid for Andy Carroll,' Pardew said. 'I said to the chairman at the time that that was a gamble. We were by no means secure; we'd only just come up from the Championship that year. 'But we did it, we spent the money wisely and we ended up with a very, very good team. So it is about the right price for the right player, and then you have to build on that.'

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Crystal Palace would sell coveted winger Yannick Bolasie for '£40million to £60million', according to manager Alan Pardew. Pardew claims all his players are 'undervalued' as the Selhurst Park club bid to assert their Barclays Premier League clout. The former Newcastle boss is ready to fend off big-money bids for his in-demand stars like Bolasie and defender Scott Dann - but conceded 'every player has a price'. Alan Pardew says he would sell Yannick Bolasie if Crystal Palace were offered £40-60million . Bolasie has been in fine form in recent weeks as Palace have enjoyed a successful second half of the season . Democratic Republic of Congo star Bolasie joined Palace for around £400,000 from Bristol City in 2012 but has risen steadily in standing ever since. Last week Pardew slapped a £20m price tag on the 25-year-old's head with Liverpool circling - now he has casually bandied about figures three times as high. 'I'll sell Yannick, if someone wants to give me £40m to £60m, somewhere in there, that would be good,' Pardew said. 'I'll take it and we'll build the team around that money. Every player has a price, of course. All these players here are undervalued, in my opinion. 'This is a top-10 team at the moment, top 12, yet if you put the valuation of our squad against any of the other teams above us, and some below, it's not right. 'So I'm going to address that. Anyone who rings me up will get a proper price. It's only our second year in the Premier League so it's understandable (if players are undervalued). Bolasie celebrates after netting for Palace, as he has begun to add goalscoring to his all-round game . Bolasie scored a hat-trick against Sunderland a few weeks ago, and is attracting the attention of top clubs . 'You need to put your credentials there every week. I think these players are starting to do that now; Bolasie, (Jason) Puncheon, (Joel) Ward, (Damien) Delaney. 'Therefore when I hear figures being talked about players, they are not even close to where I value these players. 'It's very easy to address: a manager has to ring me up and I will tell him the price, and that will be addressed.' Lyon-born Bolasie bagged a hat-trick in Palace's 4-1 Premier League win at Sunderland on April 11, his fine form since prompting a raft of transfer speculation. Liverpool's initial plans to offer £10million this summer have been thwarted, but boss Brendan Rodgers is weighing up offering striker Rickie Lambert as well as increasing his transfer bid. Pardew says he is not keen to lose his star man, but would sell him if the right offer came in . Pardew insists several of his players, including Jason Puncheon (left) and Joel Ward, are undervalued . While Pardew will be at pains to hold onto all his front-line talents at Palace over the summer, the ex-Eagles midfielder conceded the club may not be able to resist an outrageous bid. Pardew said Palace could end up wise to repeat the calculated 'gamble' he helped take at Newcastle when the St James' Park club sold Andy Carroll to Liverpool for £35million in 2011. The Selhurst Park manager believes selling one star for big money can help rejuvenate an entire squad. 'I can think of a situation I had at Newcastle, the last day of the window, a team that wasn't great, not too far away from the relegation zone and we accepted a big bid for Andy Carroll,' Pardew said. 'I said to the chairman at the time that that was a gamble. We were by no means secure; we'd only just come up from the Championship that year. 'But we did it, we spent the money wisely and we ended up with a very, very good team. So it is about the right price for the right player, and then you have to build on that.'

Alan Pardew insists every player has a price, even Yannick Bolasie .
But Pardew says £20m price tag on Bolasie is too low .
The Crystal Palace manager says his whole squad is under-valued .


Prompt: Odds on the new royal baby being a girl have tumbled after a bookmaker revealed that 90 per cent of bets placed on the sex have been in favour of a female child. The odds were slashed further yesterday after a Scottish punter from Edinburgh placed a whopping £2,000 wager on a new princess with Ladbrokes. Betting on the new royal baby's date of birth has also been hotting up, with the 18th, 19th and 20th April the most popular choices - even though the  official due date is the 25th. Scroll down for video . A little princess? The majority of punters are convinced that the Duchess will give birth to a girl . 'Money talks, and punters all over the UK are convinced Kate will give birth to a baby girl soon,' comments Ladbrokes spokesman Jessica Bridge. 'It looks like the only people hoping for a boy are the bookies, and maybe Prince George.' Despite there being more than a week to go until the 25th, royal fans have already begun staking their claim to spots outside the Lindo Wing at St. Mary's Hospital in Paddington. The world's media are also expected to descend on London shortly, with media facilities at the hospital opening tomorrow. Names have also proved popular with betting fans, with Alice the current front runner for a princess, followed by Victoria. Both  have a suitably regal pedigree, with Victoria boasting a particularly spectacular history and a string of titled owners. Getting ready: Preparations have begun at the Lindo Wing, with police warning of a 'special event' Last engagements: The Duchess of Cambridge, seen here in Woolwich, hasn't been seen since March . Take two: The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge pictured with Prince George after his birth in 2013 . Most notable of those is the new baby's five-times great grandmother Queen Victoria, who ruled at the height of the British Empire and gloried in the title of Empress of India as well as Queen. Her eldest daughter, the mother of the future Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany, was also called Victoria, as were an impressive 12 of Queen Victoria's granddaughters. Another famous Victoria is Sweden's Crown Princess Victoria, 37, who will follow her 68-year-old father King Carl XVI Gustaf onto the Swedish throne. Alice, meanwhile, was bestowed on another of Queen Victoria's daughters, Princess Alice Maud Marie, who went on to marry Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse. The couple had seven children, among them the doomed last Tsarina of Russia, Alexandra Fyodorovna, and Victoria, first Princess Louis of Battenburg and then Marchioness of Milford Haven. Pedigree: Contemporary royal Victorias include Sweden's Crown Princess, pictured at her 2010 wedding . Princess Alice: Famous royal Alices include Prince Philip's mother, Princess Alice of Greece and Denmark . Will it be James? Along with seven British monarchs, James is also the name of the Duchess' brother . Her daughter, also called Alice, produced the most famous of Alice of Hesse's descendants - Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, now the Duke of Edinburgh. Should the punters of Britain be wrong and the Duchess of Cambridge produce a second baby boy instead, favourites include James and Arthur. James, although boasting a royal pedigree the equal of Victoria, is also a Middleton stalwart and is the name of the Duchess' 29-year-old brother. The moniker has also been used by two kings of Britain as a whole, James I and James II, and another five Scottish monarchs. Arthur, meanwhile, is derived from the Celtic Artorīgios which translates as 'bear king' and has a pedigree that includes Britain's most famous mythical king. Alice 3/1 . Elizabeth 5/1 . Charlotte 6/1 . Alexandra 8/1 . James 8/1 . Victoria 10/1 . Arthur 10/1 . Diana 12/1 . Henry 16/1 . Catherine 16/1 . Charles 16/1 . Thomas 16/1 . Phillip 20/1 . William 20/1 . Mary 20/1 . Albert 20/1 . Francis 20/1 . David 20/1 . Frances 25/1 . Alexander 25/1 . Spencer 25/1 . Eleanor 25/1 . Florence 25/1 . Margaret 25/1 . Michael 25/1 . Richard 25/1 . Rose 25/1 . Anne 25/1 . Sarah 25/1 . Louis 25/1 . Grace 25/1 . Peter 25/1 . Samuel 25/1 . Samantha 25/1 .

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

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Summarize the following article:

Odds on the new royal baby being a girl have tumbled after a bookmaker revealed that 90 per cent of bets placed on the sex have been in favour of a female child. The odds were slashed further yesterday after a Scottish punter from Edinburgh placed a whopping £2,000 wager on a new princess with Ladbrokes. Betting on the new royal baby's date of birth has also been hotting up, with the 18th, 19th and 20th April the most popular choices - even though the  official due date is the 25th. Scroll down for video . A little princess? The majority of punters are convinced that the Duchess will give birth to a girl . 'Money talks, and punters all over the UK are convinced Kate will give birth to a baby girl soon,' comments Ladbrokes spokesman Jessica Bridge. 'It looks like the only people hoping for a boy are the bookies, and maybe Prince George.' Despite there being more than a week to go until the 25th, royal fans have already begun staking their claim to spots outside the Lindo Wing at St. Mary's Hospital in Paddington. The world's media are also expected to descend on London shortly, with media facilities at the hospital opening tomorrow. Names have also proved popular with betting fans, with Alice the current front runner for a princess, followed by Victoria. Both  have a suitably regal pedigree, with Victoria boasting a particularly spectacular history and a string of titled owners. Getting ready: Preparations have begun at the Lindo Wing, with police warning of a 'special event' Last engagements: The Duchess of Cambridge, seen here in Woolwich, hasn't been seen since March . Take two: The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge pictured with Prince George after his birth in 2013 . Most notable of those is the new baby's five-times great grandmother Queen Victoria, who ruled at the height of the British Empire and gloried in the title of Empress of India as well as Queen. Her eldest daughter, the mother of the future Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany, was also called Victoria, as were an impressive 12 of Queen Victoria's granddaughters. Another famous Victoria is Sweden's Crown Princess Victoria, 37, who will follow her 68-year-old father King Carl XVI Gustaf onto the Swedish throne. Alice, meanwhile, was bestowed on another of Queen Victoria's daughters, Princess Alice Maud Marie, who went on to marry Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse. The couple had seven children, among them the doomed last Tsarina of Russia, Alexandra Fyodorovna, and Victoria, first Princess Louis of Battenburg and then Marchioness of Milford Haven. Pedigree: Contemporary royal Victorias include Sweden's Crown Princess, pictured at her 2010 wedding . Princess Alice: Famous royal Alices include Prince Philip's mother, Princess Alice of Greece and Denmark . Will it be James? Along with seven British monarchs, James is also the name of the Duchess' brother . Her daughter, also called Alice, produced the most famous of Alice of Hesse's descendants - Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, now the Duke of Edinburgh. Should the punters of Britain be wrong and the Duchess of Cambridge produce a second baby boy instead, favourites include James and Arthur. James, although boasting a royal pedigree the equal of Victoria, is also a Middleton stalwart and is the name of the Duchess' 29-year-old brother. The moniker has also been used by two kings of Britain as a whole, James I and James II, and another five Scottish monarchs. Arthur, meanwhile, is derived from the Celtic Artorīgios which translates as 'bear king' and has a pedigree that includes Britain's most famous mythical king. Alice 3/1 . Elizabeth 5/1 . Charlotte 6/1 . Alexandra 8/1 . James 8/1 . Victoria 10/1 . Arthur 10/1 . Diana 12/1 . Henry 16/1 . Catherine 16/1 . Charles 16/1 . Thomas 16/1 . Phillip 20/1 . William 20/1 . Mary 20/1 . Albert 20/1 . Francis 20/1 . David 20/1 . Frances 25/1 . Alexander 25/1 . Spencer 25/1 . Eleanor 25/1 . Florence 25/1 . Margaret 25/1 . Michael 25/1 . Richard 25/1 . Rose 25/1 . Anne 25/1 . Sarah 25/1 . Louis 25/1 . Grace 25/1 . Peter 25/1 . Samuel 25/1 . Samantha 25/1 .

90 per cent of bets on the royal baby's sex have been on a girl .
One Scottish punter in Edinburgh placed a bet of £2,000 yesterday .
Favourite potential birth dates include the 18th, 19th and 20th April .
The Duchess of Cambridge's official due date is the 25th April .
Popular names include Alice, Victoria, Arthur and James .


Prompt: Attorneys for two sides agree that in April 1995, a 24-year-old man who had been pointed out by a Southern California college student as her rapist had his truck rear-ended before he was kidnapped, brutally beaten and killed. Where they differ is on the role of now-45-year-old Gianni Van in the murder of Gonzalo Ramirez, whose blindfolded, bloodied body was found on the side of a road. At the opening of his trial Wednesday, prosecutors said Van was enraged after his ex-girlfriend Norma Patricia Esparza told him Ramirez had raped her and he must be held responsible for the attack. She's expected to testify Thursday. Accused: Gianni Van, 45, (left) is accused of the 1995 murder of f Gonzalo Ramirez (right), whose blindfolded, bloodied body was found on the side of an Irvine, California road having suffered 30 blows with a cleaver . Van's lawyer said his client had no knowledge of the plan to harm Ramirez and was threatened that he would suffer a similar fate if he snitched on a friend and friend's employee who carried out the killing. The case has drawn international attention since Esparza — who went on to become a psychology professor and moved to France — was arrested in 2012, provoking an outcry from sexual assault victim advocates who say the case sends a chilling message to rape survivors. During opening statements, Senior Deputy District Attorney Mike Murray showed graphic photos of Ramirez's blindfolded, mangled body lying on the side of the road in a pool of blood. 'Gonzalo Ramirez was targeted, and he was targeted by somebody who was going to make sure he suffered,' Murray said. 'Whether Norma Esparza was sexually assaulted or not, for our purposes today, doesn't matter. What matters is she told the defendant that.' Revenge? Prosecutors say Van killed Ramirez as revenge for raping his on-and-off girlfriend Norma Esparza (pictured). Esparza and Van allegedly entered into a sham marriage before Van's original arrest for the crime. Esparza could not be forced to testify and Van was released. They divorced and Esparza went on to become a psychology professor in France and the mother of a little girl . Arrested: In 2012, Esparza was arrested in connection to the slaying when she re-entered the United States for an academic conference . Prosecutors say Ramirez was taken to the transmission shop of his friend Kody Tran, where he was blindfolded, chained up and beaten. They say he was found having suffered 30 blows from a meat cleaver, reports the Orange County Register. The prosecution alleges Van was aided by Tran and Tran's wife Diane Tran as well as Tran's employee Shannon Gries. His body was found dumped on the side of a road in Irvine. 'It was beyond horrific,' Murray said. 'It was the act of an incredibly angry man...The defendant was out of his mind with anger.' 'He felt that he had been violated,' Murray said of Van. Van is charged with murder during the commission of a kidnapping. If convicted, he could get life in prison without the possibility of parole. Kody Tran died when he killed himself in an unrelated July 2013 standoff with police. His wife Diane has taken a plea deal and was expected to testify against Van. Shannon Gries still faces murder charges. After the killing, Van and Esparza — who had been questioned by police — entered into a sham marriage to avoid prosecution, Murray said. While Van was arrested in 1996, he was released because Esparza could not be forced to testify against her husband, he said. Esparza later divorced Van. Esparza's husband, Jorge Mancillas, had said at a 2013 news conference that his wife had confided in Van about the rape and he took matters into his own hands. Involved? The prosecution alleges Van was aided by his friend Kody Tran (center)  and Tran's wife Diane Tran (right) as well as Tran's employee Shannon Gries (left). Kody Tran killed himself during an unrelated standoff with police in 2013. Diane Tran has taken a plea deal and will testify against Van. Shannon Gries awaits trial on murder charges . Van's lawyer, Jeremy Dolnick, said his client knew nothing of the plans to kidnap or kill Ramirez but was shown his severely beaten body strung up by chains at Tran's auto transmission shop and warned he would face the same fate if he ever snitched. 'He didn't ask anyone to kill anyone. He never had homicidal thoughts of revenge,' Dolnick told jurors, adding that Van had confided in Tran about Esparza's rape and that Tran and Gries took matters into their own hands. Esparza, 40, is now the mother of a little girl. She pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter in an agreement with prosecutors last year. She is expected to receive a six-year sentence in exchange for testifying at the trials of Van and another defendant. A fourth defendant also pleaded guilty in a deal with prosecutors. Plea: Esparza, here in 2013, claims she was coerced by Van into pointing out her rapist in 1995. She is expected to receive a 6-year sentence after testifying that Van murdered Ramirez .

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

Attorneys for two sides agree that in April 1995, a 24-year-old man who had been pointed out by a Southern California college student as her rapist had his truck rear-ended before he was kidnapped, brutally beaten and killed. Where they differ is on the role of now-45-year-old Gianni Van in the murder of Gonzalo Ramirez, whose blindfolded, bloodied body was found on the side of a road. At the opening of his trial Wednesday, prosecutors said Van was enraged after his ex-girlfriend Norma Patricia Esparza told him Ramirez had raped her and he must be held responsible for the attack. She's expected to testify Thursday. Accused: Gianni Van, 45, (left) is accused of the 1995 murder of f Gonzalo Ramirez (right), whose blindfolded, bloodied body was found on the side of an Irvine, California road having suffered 30 blows with a cleaver . Van's lawyer said his client had no knowledge of the plan to harm Ramirez and was threatened that he would suffer a similar fate if he snitched on a friend and friend's employee who carried out the killing. The case has drawn international attention since Esparza — who went on to become a psychology professor and moved to France — was arrested in 2012, provoking an outcry from sexual assault victim advocates who say the case sends a chilling message to rape survivors. During opening statements, Senior Deputy District Attorney Mike Murray showed graphic photos of Ramirez's blindfolded, mangled body lying on the side of the road in a pool of blood. 'Gonzalo Ramirez was targeted, and he was targeted by somebody who was going to make sure he suffered,' Murray said. 'Whether Norma Esparza was sexually assaulted or not, for our purposes today, doesn't matter. What matters is she told the defendant that.' Revenge? Prosecutors say Van killed Ramirez as revenge for raping his on-and-off girlfriend Norma Esparza (pictured). Esparza and Van allegedly entered into a sham marriage before Van's original arrest for the crime. Esparza could not be forced to testify and Van was released. They divorced and Esparza went on to become a psychology professor in France and the mother of a little girl . Arrested: In 2012, Esparza was arrested in connection to the slaying when she re-entered the United States for an academic conference . Prosecutors say Ramirez was taken to the transmission shop of his friend Kody Tran, where he was blindfolded, chained up and beaten. They say he was found having suffered 30 blows from a meat cleaver, reports the Orange County Register. The prosecution alleges Van was aided by Tran and Tran's wife Diane Tran as well as Tran's employee Shannon Gries. His body was found dumped on the side of a road in Irvine. 'It was beyond horrific,' Murray said. 'It was the act of an incredibly angry man...The defendant was out of his mind with anger.' 'He felt that he had been violated,' Murray said of Van. Van is charged with murder during the commission of a kidnapping. If convicted, he could get life in prison without the possibility of parole. Kody Tran died when he killed himself in an unrelated July 2013 standoff with police. His wife Diane has taken a plea deal and was expected to testify against Van. Shannon Gries still faces murder charges. After the killing, Van and Esparza — who had been questioned by police — entered into a sham marriage to avoid prosecution, Murray said. While Van was arrested in 1996, he was released because Esparza could not be forced to testify against her husband, he said. Esparza later divorced Van. Esparza's husband, Jorge Mancillas, had said at a 2013 news conference that his wife had confided in Van about the rape and he took matters into his own hands. Involved? The prosecution alleges Van was aided by his friend Kody Tran (center)  and Tran's wife Diane Tran (right) as well as Tran's employee Shannon Gries (left). Kody Tran killed himself during an unrelated standoff with police in 2013. Diane Tran has taken a plea deal and will testify against Van. Shannon Gries awaits trial on murder charges . Van's lawyer, Jeremy Dolnick, said his client knew nothing of the plans to kidnap or kill Ramirez but was shown his severely beaten body strung up by chains at Tran's auto transmission shop and warned he would face the same fate if he ever snitched. 'He didn't ask anyone to kill anyone. He never had homicidal thoughts of revenge,' Dolnick told jurors, adding that Van had confided in Tran about Esparza's rape and that Tran and Gries took matters into their own hands. Esparza, 40, is now the mother of a little girl. She pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter in an agreement with prosecutors last year. She is expected to receive a six-year sentence in exchange for testifying at the trials of Van and another defendant. A fourth defendant also pleaded guilty in a deal with prosecutors. Plea: Esparza, here in 2013, claims she was coerced by Van into pointing out her rapist in 1995. She is expected to receive a 6-year sentence after testifying that Van murdered Ramirez .

Gianni Van, now 45, is accused of kidnapping and brutally killing his then girlfriend's accused rapist while in college in Southern California in 1995 .
Norma Esparza, who went on to work as a psychology professor in France, was accused in the murder along with three others .
Esparza, now the mother of a little girl, was expected to testify against her former boyfriend in a Santa Ana courtroom this month .