Prompt: (CNN)A term used by President Barack Obama and Baltimore Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake to characterize rioters has given new life to a debate over the word "thug." "Of course it's not the right word, to call our children 'thugs,'" Baltimore City Councilman Carl Stokes told CNN's "Erin Burnett OutFront."  "These are children who have been set aside, marginalized, who have not been engaged by us.  No, we don't have to call them thugs." "Just call them n-----s.  Just call them n-----s," he said.  "No, we don't have to call them by names such as that." The Rev. Jamal Bryant drew the same comparison Wednesday morning on CNN.  The President and the mayor are wrong, he said.  "These are not thugs, these are upset and frustrated children." "It's amazing.  You don't call six police officers who kill a man without probable cause 'thugs,' but children who are frustrated and don't have an outlet, you call them 'thugs.'  'Thugs' is the 21st century word for the n-word.  And it is repulsive and it is offensive to every person who is a parent trying to raise children interpreting what's taking place in this hour." The recent unrest in Baltimore was sparked by the arrest and death of Freddie Gray, who suffered a severe spinal cord injury while in custody.  Six officers have been suspended over the incident.  Bryant delivered the eulogy at Gray's funeral. What we know, don't know about Freddie Gray's death . Mayor Rawlings-Blake responded Wednesday. "I wanted to clarify my comments on 'thugs,'" she wrote Wednesday on Twitter.  "When you speak out of frustration and anger, one can say things in a way that you don't mean." She added, "That night we saw misguided young people who need to be held accountable, but who also need support. And my comments then didn't convey that." Kweisi Mfume, Baltimore native and former president of the NAACP, said, "It's important we not shift the focus into something that has absolutely nothing to do with poverty, despair, hunger, homelessness and a sense of not belonging." "Whether we call them a thug, a law breaker, a juvenile delinquent, it really doesn't matter. What matters is how do we take back our streets. And that's what men have been doing, going around, talking to these young men where they, are in their face, and letting them know, you can't control this community. It is not yours. You can't burn it down. You can't force people out. You can't threaten people,"  he told "OutFront." "So I understand that, that people want to talk about a word. But I'm more worried about a movement, and it's not necessarily a movement for positive change. It's a movement for negative change right now unless we get it under control." Kevin Shird, another Baltimore native and author of "Lessons of Redemption," said "thug" is "not like the n-word in my mind."  But, he said in a CNN interview, the term has "been racialized across America, so I can see why people would become offended like that." Shird, a former drug dealer, also said he does not see the word as an accurate description of the young people who rioted and looted in Baltimore on Monday.  "These were young juveniles. And so, in my mind I don't see a 16- or 17-year-old as a thug. I have seen thugs, and they don't look like thugs to me. My experience in life has been a little bit more extreme than that, but, again, it was criminal behavior and it can't be justified." He added, "We just want to stay focused on the issue of police brutality and of the Freddie Gray matter." Opinion: Calling people 'thugs' solves nothing . NFL player Richard Sherman has previously called the term "the accepted way of calling somebody the n-word nowadays." Rapper Slim Thug once addressed the term on the Houston radio program "Madd Hatta Morning Show."  The host set up the exchange by referring to deceased rapper Tupac Shakur. "I got the Tupac definition," the host said, as "OutFront" reported online in January 2014.  "His is just, you know, a person going through struggles, has gone through struggles and continue to live day-by-day.... just trying to make it. " "I think the same thing," Slim Thug responded.  "I probably got 'thug' off of him, you know, growing up listening to him... I feel the same way that he felt, coming from nothing to something." Webster's Dictionary defines "thug" as "a brutal ruffian or assassin." On Monday, Mayor Rawlings-Blake said, "There is a difference between what we saw over the past week with the peaceful protests, those who wish to seek justice, those who wish to be heard, and want answers, and the difference between those protests and the thugs who only want to incite violence and destroy our city." On Tuesday, President Obama referred to the rioters as "a handful of criminals and thugs who tore up the place." That same day, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry used the word "thugs" to refer to ISIS.  At a luncheon in honor of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Kerry referred to two Japanese citizens "who were murdered by the thugs of Daesh in retribution for Japan's pledge of humanitarian assistance -- I repeat, humanitarian assistance -- to the victims of fighting in the Middle East."  (Daesh is another term for ISIS.) Kerry has also referred to "thugs" in the Ukraine crisis. Obama has also used the term "thugs" in similar context.  "Not every collection of thugs that labels themselves al Qaeda will pose a credible threat to the United States," he said in one speech. Complete coverage on the Baltimore riots .

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

(CNN)A term used by President Barack Obama and Baltimore Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake to characterize rioters has given new life to a debate over the word "thug." "Of course it's not the right word, to call our children 'thugs,'" Baltimore City Councilman Carl Stokes told CNN's "Erin Burnett OutFront."  "These are children who have been set aside, marginalized, who have not been engaged by us.  No, we don't have to call them thugs." "Just call them n-----s.  Just call them n-----s," he said.  "No, we don't have to call them by names such as that." The Rev. Jamal Bryant drew the same comparison Wednesday morning on CNN.  The President and the mayor are wrong, he said.  "These are not thugs, these are upset and frustrated children." "It's amazing.  You don't call six police officers who kill a man without probable cause 'thugs,' but children who are frustrated and don't have an outlet, you call them 'thugs.'  'Thugs' is the 21st century word for the n-word.  And it is repulsive and it is offensive to every person who is a parent trying to raise children interpreting what's taking place in this hour." The recent unrest in Baltimore was sparked by the arrest and death of Freddie Gray, who suffered a severe spinal cord injury while in custody.  Six officers have been suspended over the incident.  Bryant delivered the eulogy at Gray's funeral. What we know, don't know about Freddie Gray's death . Mayor Rawlings-Blake responded Wednesday. "I wanted to clarify my comments on 'thugs,'" she wrote Wednesday on Twitter.  "When you speak out of frustration and anger, one can say things in a way that you don't mean." She added, "That night we saw misguided young people who need to be held accountable, but who also need support. And my comments then didn't convey that." Kweisi Mfume, Baltimore native and former president of the NAACP, said, "It's important we not shift the focus into something that has absolutely nothing to do with poverty, despair, hunger, homelessness and a sense of not belonging." "Whether we call them a thug, a law breaker, a juvenile delinquent, it really doesn't matter. What matters is how do we take back our streets. And that's what men have been doing, going around, talking to these young men where they, are in their face, and letting them know, you can't control this community. It is not yours. You can't burn it down. You can't force people out. You can't threaten people,"  he told "OutFront." "So I understand that, that people want to talk about a word. But I'm more worried about a movement, and it's not necessarily a movement for positive change. It's a movement for negative change right now unless we get it under control." Kevin Shird, another Baltimore native and author of "Lessons of Redemption," said "thug" is "not like the n-word in my mind."  But, he said in a CNN interview, the term has "been racialized across America, so I can see why people would become offended like that." Shird, a former drug dealer, also said he does not see the word as an accurate description of the young people who rioted and looted in Baltimore on Monday.  "These were young juveniles. And so, in my mind I don't see a 16- or 17-year-old as a thug. I have seen thugs, and they don't look like thugs to me. My experience in life has been a little bit more extreme than that, but, again, it was criminal behavior and it can't be justified." He added, "We just want to stay focused on the issue of police brutality and of the Freddie Gray matter." Opinion: Calling people 'thugs' solves nothing . NFL player Richard Sherman has previously called the term "the accepted way of calling somebody the n-word nowadays." Rapper Slim Thug once addressed the term on the Houston radio program "Madd Hatta Morning Show."  The host set up the exchange by referring to deceased rapper Tupac Shakur. "I got the Tupac definition," the host said, as "OutFront" reported online in January 2014.  "His is just, you know, a person going through struggles, has gone through struggles and continue to live day-by-day.... just trying to make it. " "I think the same thing," Slim Thug responded.  "I probably got 'thug' off of him, you know, growing up listening to him... I feel the same way that he felt, coming from nothing to something." Webster's Dictionary defines "thug" as "a brutal ruffian or assassin." On Monday, Mayor Rawlings-Blake said, "There is a difference between what we saw over the past week with the peaceful protests, those who wish to seek justice, those who wish to be heard, and want answers, and the difference between those protests and the thugs who only want to incite violence and destroy our city." On Tuesday, President Obama referred to the rioters as "a handful of criminals and thugs who tore up the place." That same day, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry used the word "thugs" to refer to ISIS.  At a luncheon in honor of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Kerry referred to two Japanese citizens "who were murdered by the thugs of Daesh in retribution for Japan's pledge of humanitarian assistance -- I repeat, humanitarian assistance -- to the victims of fighting in the Middle East."  (Daesh is another term for ISIS.) Kerry has also referred to "thugs" in the Ukraine crisis. Obama has also used the term "thugs" in similar context.  "Not every collection of thugs that labels themselves al Qaeda will pose a credible threat to the United States," he said in one speech. Complete coverage on the Baltimore riots .

[Assistant]
A recent debate over the term "thug" has gained new life after President Barack Obama and Baltimore Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake used the term to describe rioters in Baltimore. The term "thug" is a derogatory word that has been used to describe individuals who engage in violent or destructive behavior, particularly in the context of poverty, despair, and social inequality.

Baltimore City Councilman Carl Stokes and Rev. Jamal Bryant, a prominent figure in the city, have criticized the term "thug" for being inaccurate and offensive. They argue that the term does not accurately describe the individuals who rioted and looted in Baltimore

Baltimore mayor says she wants to "clarify" use of the term .
Some community leaders in the city call the term equivalent to the n-word .
Others disagree and don't want the debate overshadowing the issues .


Prompt: A 30-year-old Scouser released by Shrewsbury and Tranmere in recent years was the hero of Scottish football at the weekend. Full back David Raven stabbed home the winner to take Inverness Caledonian Thistle to the Scottish Cup final. You can only be pleased for him – he must have thought his career glory had been and gone when he made a few appearances in the Liverpool first team as a youngster (he played in the infamous 1-0 defeat for Rafa Benitez's Reds at Burnley in 2005 – Djimi Traore's silky back-heeled own goal deciding the game). It's a fantastic moment for Raven, good luck to him in the final. But what can we deduce about the state of Scottish football from the two Hampden Park semi-finals last weekend? David Raven peels away after scoring the winner for Inverness against Celtic in the Scottish Cup semi-final . Raven celebrates with team-mate Ryan Christie as Inverness knocked Celtic out at Hampden . Well with Scotland's top club, Celtic, taking the decision to embarrass themselves publicly by writing to the SFA crying about a penalty they weren't awarded against Inverness, you can see there are problems. I interviewed goal hero Raven and he seemed upset by Celtic's actions: 'For a club that size to write to the SFA is a bit much, it's definitely taken the gloss off it a little bit for me. I'm surprised a club like Celtic have done that – it's a bit of an error of judgment for me. I don't know what they're hoping to get out of it,' he told me. Well done Celtic, your extreme arrogance managed to spoil the highlight of an honest pro's career. You should be ashamed of themselves. Celtic think they are so gigantic they have a divine right to get to the final. Apparently only they can make themselves the victims of bad decisions from officials. Celtic are like the brat of a child, over-indulged by parents, and scoffing too many sweets and not sharing any with the other kids because of some superiority complex which isn't backed up by what's actually going on. And the mismanagement of the Scottish game has left it imbalanced and unattractive. Whichever way you look at it, Scottish football, like an unsafe, stinking high rise on the wrong side of Glasgow, needs wiping out and starting again. Firstly, Celtic need bringing down a peg or two. There is nothing to suggest they are bigger than the game of football, yet they act like they are lords and masters of all around them. Celtic didn't get a penalty – so what? Inverness should have had one when sub keeper Lukasz Zaluska bulldozed into the back of an opponent. As bad losers go, Celtic are just about the worst of the lot. Celtic striker Leigh Griffiths complained: 'We were robbed.' The whole of football is laughing in his face! Imagine how Rangers fans felt when the authorities banished their club to the brink of non-league football. Now that's being robbed. None of this reflects well on Scottish football. Josh Meekings (centre) appeared to handle the ball in the box but no penalty was awarded to Celtic . Kris Commons appeals for a penalty after Meeking's apparent hand ball but it was to no avail . Celtic captain Scott Brown appeals to referee Steve McLean - the club have since written to the SFA . Next the game north of the border must do more to attract supporters to matches. For Saturday's game between Hibs and Falkirk there were 30,000 empty seats, while nearly 25,000 were missing for Sunday's tie. Two showpiece games at the country's national stadium should be getting close to sell-out crowds. The two biggest clubs in the country – Celtic and Rangers - regularly have loads of empty seats at home games. Where is the passion for football in Scotland? Has it disappeared completely? Was it the curling craze that did it? Have Rhona Martin and all curlers since the Olympic gold medallist hit her peak become the new heroes rather than iron bruisers like Scott Brown? What about on the pitch: take a look at the three Inverness scorers on Sunday: Raven I've told you about; Greg Tansey I first saw when he was a teenager at Stockport and I was impressed. His career since then has levelled out. He's a good technician, but having been allowed to leave Stevenage last year when they were bottom of League One you'd have to question his all-round ability. And Edward Ofere scored a cracker at Hampden, finding the net for the second successive weekend. But this is a 29-year-old Nigerian striker who has yet to play a competitive international game and has had a Nomadic footballing existence thumbing his way around the minor European leagues so far. It's a great moment for these players and for Inverness, but let's not confuse that with anything remotely resembling high quality football. These are journeymen who have worked hard to earn their big day out. James Dunne was a cup winner in Scotland with St Johnstone last season, this year he's been picking up yellow cards in the bottom half of League Two with Portsmouth. Large swathes of Hampden were empty for both Scottish Cup semi-finals over the weekend . The standard of Scottish football has continued to fall and the game needs to be overhauled . Inverness manager John Hughes, sacked by Hartlepool after relegation to League Two less than two years ago, has moulded these players into a side that sits third in the Scottish Premiership table, and favourites to win the Scottish Cup final. In some ways you have to be impressed, and the Caley fans are loving it right now of course. But the standard is not high, and that's not healthy for Scottish football. With the quality on the pitch lacking, it's no surprise the fans can't be bothered to pay and watch. You sign English League Two players and you'll get League Two crowds. What's needed is a total restructuring: a bigger top division in Scotland for a start. That would ensure the biggest clubs have the best chance of staying there, and it would mean the clubs play each other only twice a season in the league – familiarity has bred boredom with a smaller Scottish Premiership. Beyond the top flight, establish only one division with strict criteria for stadia and salary capping. That way clubs are less likely to suffer financial crisis, but standards are maintained, and the focus is on quality in those top two divisions, rather than the current situation where resources spread far too thinly over four leagues. Somehow a fairer distribution of wealth is needed in Scotland. Pumping all the money into Celtic hasn't led to any success in Europe – in fact Celtic have got worse. So spread the money more evenly, generate competition, and maybe that way Scotland can become strong again. It's not all bad - Falkirk's matchwinner on Saturday Craig Sibbald looks like a decent footballer, yet he can't get in the Scotland Under 21 squad. There are some promising young Scottish players around right now, no doubt about that. But overall Scottish football is in a bad way right now. It's in need of major surgery. Celtic's pathetic letter should fire the SFA into action. Celtic's Emilio Izaguirre cuts a dejected figure at full-time after his side failed to reach the final .

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

A 30-year-old Scouser released by Shrewsbury and Tranmere in recent years was the hero of Scottish football at the weekend. Full back David Raven stabbed home the winner to take Inverness Caledonian Thistle to the Scottish Cup final. You can only be pleased for him – he must have thought his career glory had been and gone when he made a few appearances in the Liverpool first team as a youngster (he played in the infamous 1-0 defeat for Rafa Benitez's Reds at Burnley in 2005 – Djimi Traore's silky back-heeled own goal deciding the game). It's a fantastic moment for Raven, good luck to him in the final. But what can we deduce about the state of Scottish football from the two Hampden Park semi-finals last weekend? David Raven peels away after scoring the winner for Inverness against Celtic in the Scottish Cup semi-final . Raven celebrates with team-mate Ryan Christie as Inverness knocked Celtic out at Hampden . Well with Scotland's top club, Celtic, taking the decision to embarrass themselves publicly by writing to the SFA crying about a penalty they weren't awarded against Inverness, you can see there are problems. I interviewed goal hero Raven and he seemed upset by Celtic's actions: 'For a club that size to write to the SFA is a bit much, it's definitely taken the gloss off it a little bit for me. I'm surprised a club like Celtic have done that – it's a bit of an error of judgment for me. I don't know what they're hoping to get out of it,' he told me. Well done Celtic, your extreme arrogance managed to spoil the highlight of an honest pro's career. You should be ashamed of themselves. Celtic think they are so gigantic they have a divine right to get to the final. Apparently only they can make themselves the victims of bad decisions from officials. Celtic are like the brat of a child, over-indulged by parents, and scoffing too many sweets and not sharing any with the other kids because of some superiority complex which isn't backed up by what's actually going on. And the mismanagement of the Scottish game has left it imbalanced and unattractive. Whichever way you look at it, Scottish football, like an unsafe, stinking high rise on the wrong side of Glasgow, needs wiping out and starting again. Firstly, Celtic need bringing down a peg or two. There is nothing to suggest they are bigger than the game of football, yet they act like they are lords and masters of all around them. Celtic didn't get a penalty – so what? Inverness should have had one when sub keeper Lukasz Zaluska bulldozed into the back of an opponent. As bad losers go, Celtic are just about the worst of the lot. Celtic striker Leigh Griffiths complained: 'We were robbed.' The whole of football is laughing in his face! Imagine how Rangers fans felt when the authorities banished their club to the brink of non-league football. Now that's being robbed. None of this reflects well on Scottish football. Josh Meekings (centre) appeared to handle the ball in the box but no penalty was awarded to Celtic . Kris Commons appeals for a penalty after Meeking's apparent hand ball but it was to no avail . Celtic captain Scott Brown appeals to referee Steve McLean - the club have since written to the SFA . Next the game north of the border must do more to attract supporters to matches. For Saturday's game between Hibs and Falkirk there were 30,000 empty seats, while nearly 25,000 were missing for Sunday's tie. Two showpiece games at the country's national stadium should be getting close to sell-out crowds. The two biggest clubs in the country – Celtic and Rangers - regularly have loads of empty seats at home games. Where is the passion for football in Scotland? Has it disappeared completely? Was it the curling craze that did it? Have Rhona Martin and all curlers since the Olympic gold medallist hit her peak become the new heroes rather than iron bruisers like Scott Brown? What about on the pitch: take a look at the three Inverness scorers on Sunday: Raven I've told you about; Greg Tansey I first saw when he was a teenager at Stockport and I was impressed. His career since then has levelled out. He's a good technician, but having been allowed to leave Stevenage last year when they were bottom of League One you'd have to question his all-round ability. And Edward Ofere scored a cracker at Hampden, finding the net for the second successive weekend. But this is a 29-year-old Nigerian striker who has yet to play a competitive international game and has had a Nomadic footballing existence thumbing his way around the minor European leagues so far. It's a great moment for these players and for Inverness, but let's not confuse that with anything remotely resembling high quality football. These are journeymen who have worked hard to earn their big day out. James Dunne was a cup winner in Scotland with St Johnstone last season, this year he's been picking up yellow cards in the bottom half of League Two with Portsmouth. Large swathes of Hampden were empty for both Scottish Cup semi-finals over the weekend . The standard of Scottish football has continued to fall and the game needs to be overhauled . Inverness manager John Hughes, sacked by Hartlepool after relegation to League Two less than two years ago, has moulded these players into a side that sits third in the Scottish Premiership table, and favourites to win the Scottish Cup final. In some ways you have to be impressed, and the Caley fans are loving it right now of course. But the standard is not high, and that's not healthy for Scottish football. With the quality on the pitch lacking, it's no surprise the fans can't be bothered to pay and watch. You sign English League Two players and you'll get League Two crowds. What's needed is a total restructuring: a bigger top division in Scotland for a start. That would ensure the biggest clubs have the best chance of staying there, and it would mean the clubs play each other only twice a season in the league – familiarity has bred boredom with a smaller Scottish Premiership. Beyond the top flight, establish only one division with strict criteria for stadia and salary capping. That way clubs are less likely to suffer financial crisis, but standards are maintained, and the focus is on quality in those top two divisions, rather than the current situation where resources spread far too thinly over four leagues. Somehow a fairer distribution of wealth is needed in Scotland. Pumping all the money into Celtic hasn't led to any success in Europe – in fact Celtic have got worse. So spread the money more evenly, generate competition, and maybe that way Scotland can become strong again. It's not all bad - Falkirk's matchwinner on Saturday Craig Sibbald looks like a decent footballer, yet he can't get in the Scotland Under 21 squad. There are some promising young Scottish players around right now, no doubt about that. But overall Scottish football is in a bad way right now. It's in need of major surgery. Celtic's pathetic letter should fire the SFA into action. Celtic's Emilio Izaguirre cuts a dejected figure at full-time after his side failed to reach the final .

[Assistant]
The article discusses the state of Scottish football, citing several issues that have led to a decline in the sport. One of the main concerns is the behavior of top clubs, particularly Celtic, which has embarrassed itself by writing to the Scottish Football Association (SFA) after being awarded a penalty in a Scottish Cup semi-final. This has been seen as a sign of arrogance and a lack of respect for the game.

The article also highlights the poor attendance at Scottish football matches, with many empty seats at games between Hibs and Falkirk, and nearly 25,000 missing from a match between Inverness and Celtic. This suggests that the

Celtic lost their Scottish Cup semi-final to Inverness Caledonian Thistle .
The Glasgow club wrote to the SFA to complain about a penalty decision .
They were angered by the referee's failure to award a penalty for handball .
Celtic striker Leigh Griffiths complained they were 'robbed' at Hampden .
Adrian Durham: Man Utd need Gareth Bale to give them needed dynamism .


Prompt: Martina Navratilova's brief stint as coach of 2012 Wimbledon runner-up Agnieszka Radwanska is finished. Navratilova, who won 18 Grand Slam singles titles as a player, and Poland's Radwanska, who is currently ranked No 9, issued statements on Friday to announce the parting. They announced in December that they would work together. Martina Navratilova watches Agnieszka Radwanska in action during this year's Australian Open . Radwanska has struggled this season and was knocked out in the first round in Stuttgart this week . Radwanska is only 13-11 this season, including a first-round loss on Wednesday in a clay-court tournament at Stuttgart, Germany. A statement posted to Radwanska's Twitter account thanks Navratilova 'for her time and efforts over these last few months' and calls it a 'great experience to work with one of the all time greats.' The post adds that the women 'agreed that as Martina could not commit 100 (percent) to the project then it was not going to work as a long term partnership.' The French Open starts on May 24. Radwanska plays a forehand during her defeat by Sara Errani at the Porsche Grand Prix on Wednesday .

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

Martina Navratilova's brief stint as coach of 2012 Wimbledon runner-up Agnieszka Radwanska is finished. Navratilova, who won 18 Grand Slam singles titles as a player, and Poland's Radwanska, who is currently ranked No 9, issued statements on Friday to announce the parting. They announced in December that they would work together. Martina Navratilova watches Agnieszka Radwanska in action during this year's Australian Open . Radwanska has struggled this season and was knocked out in the first round in Stuttgart this week . Radwanska is only 13-11 this season, including a first-round loss on Wednesday in a clay-court tournament at Stuttgart, Germany. A statement posted to Radwanska's Twitter account thanks Navratilova 'for her time and efforts over these last few months' and calls it a 'great experience to work with one of the all time greats.' The post adds that the women 'agreed that as Martina could not commit 100 (percent) to the project then it was not going to work as a long term partnership.' The French Open starts on May 24. Radwanska plays a forehand during her defeat by Sara Errani at the Porsche Grand Prix on Wednesday .

[Assistant]
Here's a brief summary of the article:

Former tennis superstar Martina Navratilova has ended her coaching stint with Agnieszka Radwanska, the 2012 Wimbledon runner-up. The pair announced in December that they would work together, but ultimately decided it wasn't a long-term partnership due to Navratilova's commitment issues. Radwanska, currently ranked No. 9, expressed gratitude towards Navratilova for her time and efforts, calling it a "great experience" to work with a tennis legend. The 13-11 season record for Radwanska, who was knocked out

Martina Navratilova could not commit '100 per cent to the project'
The pair only started working together in December last year .
Agnieszka Radwanska is struggling for consistency this season .
The Pole slumped to an early defeat in Stuttgart this week .


Prompt: Crystal Palace boss Alan Pardew joked Glenn Murray has a 'bionic' knee and hopes the striker can continue to torment Premier League defences. Murray missed the majority of last season after rupturing a cruciate knee ligament as Palace won promotion to the Premier League via the play-offs in 2013. The 31-year-old has netted five goals in five games, including in last Monday's defeat of Manchester City, to earn the best goals-per-minute ratio of anyone in the top-flight. Glenn Murray wheels away after scoring the winner for Crystal Palace against Manchester City . The Eagles striker has scored five in five games since returning from a serious knee injury . Pardew said: 'What he did surprise me with on Monday night is his aerial ability. He really was outstanding. 'I don't know if he's got a bionic knee, but he's got an extra spring from somewhere.' Pardew says the Cumbrian has many qualities - pace is not among them - and may have had to adapt his game, like Alan Shearer did, after serious injuries. 'Glenn has had to change his game a little bit and he goes to Sunderland, goals per minute, as the best striker in the Premier League,' Pardew added. 'That is great for him, it really is. It is a great tag for him and he can try and keep it for as long as he can.' Alan Pardew has impressed by Murray's aerial ability, which he claims is down to being fitted with a new knee . The Toon boss believes the Cumbrian forward is reaping rewards from a loan spell with Reading . Pardew believes he is reaping the rewards of Murray being given a chance to find his feet at Reading earlier this season. Murray scored eight goals in 18 games for the Royals, before committing to Palace on Pardew's arrival in January. 'In defending that decision, of Neil Warnock and the board here, of him going out on loan, he probably did need a few games and it's difficult to get them in the Premier League,' Pardew said. 'In a way the loan, which I think was perceived as a negative by our fans, might not have been a bad thing. I'm obviously getting the benefit of that.'

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

Crystal Palace boss Alan Pardew joked Glenn Murray has a 'bionic' knee and hopes the striker can continue to torment Premier League defences. Murray missed the majority of last season after rupturing a cruciate knee ligament as Palace won promotion to the Premier League via the play-offs in 2013. The 31-year-old has netted five goals in five games, including in last Monday's defeat of Manchester City, to earn the best goals-per-minute ratio of anyone in the top-flight. Glenn Murray wheels away after scoring the winner for Crystal Palace against Manchester City . The Eagles striker has scored five in five games since returning from a serious knee injury . Pardew said: 'What he did surprise me with on Monday night is his aerial ability. He really was outstanding. 'I don't know if he's got a bionic knee, but he's got an extra spring from somewhere.' Pardew says the Cumbrian has many qualities - pace is not among them - and may have had to adapt his game, like Alan Shearer did, after serious injuries. 'Glenn has had to change his game a little bit and he goes to Sunderland, goals per minute, as the best striker in the Premier League,' Pardew added. 'That is great for him, it really is. It is a great tag for him and he can try and keep it for as long as he can.' Alan Pardew has impressed by Murray's aerial ability, which he claims is down to being fitted with a new knee . The Toon boss believes the Cumbrian forward is reaping rewards from a loan spell with Reading . Pardew believes he is reaping the rewards of Murray being given a chance to find his feet at Reading earlier this season. Murray scored eight goals in 18 games for the Royals, before committing to Palace on Pardew's arrival in January. 'In defending that decision, of Neil Warnock and the board here, of him going out on loan, he probably did need a few games and it's difficult to get them in the Premier League,' Pardew said. 'In a way the loan, which I think was perceived as a negative by our fans, might not have been a bad thing. I'm obviously getting the benefit of that.'

[Assistant] Crystal Palace manager Alan Pardew has expressed admiration for Glenn Murray's performance, citing his exceptional aerial ability and pace. Murray, who has been on loan with Reading, has scored five goals in five games, including a winner against Manchester City. Pardew believes Murray's success is due to a new knee, which he claims is a "bionic" knee. The manager also praises Murray's adaptability, saying he has had to change his game to fit in with the Premier League. Pardew believes Murray is reaping rewards from his loan spell with Reading, where he scored eight goals in 18 games before joining Palace.

Glenn Murray has scored five goals in his last five Premier League games .
The 31-year-old spent most of last season sidelined with a knee injury .
Alan Pardew says Cumbrian is reaping the rewards of Reading loan spell .


Prompt: European human rights judges have delivered a boost to Home Secretary Theresa May’s campaign to kick illegal immigrants and foreign criminals out of the country. In a landmark ruling, they undermined the idea that no foreigner should be thrown out of a country if it will interfere with their right to a family life. Eight judges of the European Court of Human Rights found that Russia was justified in deporting a 45-year-old man for breaking immigration laws even though he went to live there more than 20 years ago and has a Russian wife and son. Scroll down for video . Landmark: The European Court of Human Rights (pictured, with former president Sir Nicolas Dusan Bratza) has ruled Russia did not breach a father's right to a family life when he was deported in 2011 . Robert Muradeli had never committed a crime or any other offence more serious than traffic violations. But the Strasbourg court said that the Russian authorities had not breached any human rights rules when they deported him in 2011. It follows years of Tory frustration over the ease with which illegal immigrants and foreign criminals can dodge deportation or delay it for years by claiming that it would breach their right to a family life under the European Convention on Human Rights. A number of the 760 foreign criminals on the run in Britain have used the clause to block their deportation, and British judges have repeatedly upheld even the most spurious claim to a family life. MPs voted for new guidelines in 2012 which said that any foreign criminal sentenced to more than four years in jail should not be able to plead family rights as a reason to stay in Britain. Mrs May has also introduced a system under which foreign criminals are deported and only then allowed to appeal to the courts against removal. She has promised the system will be extended to illegal immigrants if the Tories win the election. Boost: Mrs May is hoping to be able to stop illegal immigrants and foreign criminals dodging deportation or delaying it by claiming their right to a family life . The European judges – whose rulings are supposed to be followed by 47 countries including Russia – heard that Georgian-born Muradeli had gone to Russia in 1992, had married in the city of Penza in 1994 and had a son in 1995. However, he failed to keep his permits up to date. Muradeli told the judges that his son needed a father, that his wife needed his financial support to pay back a property loan, and that his family had no links to Georgia. Lawyers for Russia argued that it was necessary to deport him to ensure immigration laws were obeyed. The Strasbourg ruling said that by breaking immigration rules Muradeli had ‘demonstrated consistent disregard of the laws, regulations and public order of the host country’. It added that he had been deported to Russian-speaking Belarus.

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

European human rights judges have delivered a boost to Home Secretary Theresa May’s campaign to kick illegal immigrants and foreign criminals out of the country. In a landmark ruling, they undermined the idea that no foreigner should be thrown out of a country if it will interfere with their right to a family life. Eight judges of the European Court of Human Rights found that Russia was justified in deporting a 45-year-old man for breaking immigration laws even though he went to live there more than 20 years ago and has a Russian wife and son. Scroll down for video . Landmark: The European Court of Human Rights (pictured, with former president Sir Nicolas Dusan Bratza) has ruled Russia did not breach a father's right to a family life when he was deported in 2011 . Robert Muradeli had never committed a crime or any other offence more serious than traffic violations. But the Strasbourg court said that the Russian authorities had not breached any human rights rules when they deported him in 2011. It follows years of Tory frustration over the ease with which illegal immigrants and foreign criminals can dodge deportation or delay it for years by claiming that it would breach their right to a family life under the European Convention on Human Rights. A number of the 760 foreign criminals on the run in Britain have used the clause to block their deportation, and British judges have repeatedly upheld even the most spurious claim to a family life. MPs voted for new guidelines in 2012 which said that any foreign criminal sentenced to more than four years in jail should not be able to plead family rights as a reason to stay in Britain. Mrs May has also introduced a system under which foreign criminals are deported and only then allowed to appeal to the courts against removal. She has promised the system will be extended to illegal immigrants if the Tories win the election. Boost: Mrs May is hoping to be able to stop illegal immigrants and foreign criminals dodging deportation or delaying it by claiming their right to a family life . The European judges – whose rulings are supposed to be followed by 47 countries including Russia – heard that Georgian-born Muradeli had gone to Russia in 1992, had married in the city of Penza in 1994 and had a son in 1995. However, he failed to keep his permits up to date. Muradeli told the judges that his son needed a father, that his wife needed his financial support to pay back a property loan, and that his family had no links to Georgia. Lawyers for Russia argued that it was necessary to deport him to ensure immigration laws were obeyed. The Strasbourg ruling said that by breaking immigration rules Muradeli had ‘demonstrated consistent disregard of the laws, regulations and public order of the host country’. It added that he had been deported to Russian-speaking Belarus.

[Assistant]
The European Court of Human Rights has delivered a significant ruling that may help Home Secretary Theresa May's campaign to deport illegal immigrants and foreign criminals. The court found that Russia was justified in deporting a 45-year-old man, Robert Muradeli, who had been living in Russia for over 20 years and had a Russian wife and son. The court ruled that Muradeli's deportation was not a breach of his human rights, as he had broken immigration laws and failed to keep his permits up to date.

The court's decision was based on the European Convention on Human Rights, which protects the right to a family life. However,

European Court of Human Rights find Russia justified in deporting father .
Robert Muradeli had committed no crime worse than traffic violations .
But was deported for breaking immigration laws after 20 years residence .
Eight judges rule Russia did not breach the 45-year-old's human rights .


Prompt: Kenny Jackett has told his Wolves players they must maintain their focus and follow up victory over Nottingham Forest with another over Leeds United on Monday. The Wolves boss believes it is now just the top eight in the Sky Bet Championship who are fighting it out for the play-off places, with their 2-1 success at the City Ground all but ending the Reds' chances of making a late push. Wolves were fired on by a goal just 30 seconds into the second half from Benik Afobe, followed by a Bakary Sako penalty in the 72nd minute. Dexter Blackstock pulled one back for Forest four minutes into injury time, but it was too little, too late. Bakary Sako celebrates after scoring Wolves' second goal in a 2-1 win at Nottingham Forest on Good Friday . Manager Kenny Jackett has told his side that they need to keep their focus to maintain a promotion push . And Jackett does not want Wolves to let their promotion push slip away now, saying: We just need to keep winning our games and not worry about other sides. It looks like the top eight will be involved now, although I don't know if Forest will have an opinion on that. 'We have to follow this win up with another against Leeds now, there will be a big crowd at Molineux and we have to focus on that now. 'The mood is very determined, there is good focus among the players and we are keen to keep improving.' Jackett was particularly delighted for Afobe, who he had previously taken on loan at Millwall, saying: 'He is repaying our faith but we worked together at Millwall and I am delighted to have him permanently now. He was ready for a permanent home. Dougie Freedman believes the difference between the two sides was a simple composure in front of goal . 'I'm delighted to have won. I felt that Forest put us under a lot of pressure in the first 20 minutes, a lot of energy, the crowd were right behind them. We defended well in that period, very well. Then we came through it and started to look a threat ourselves. 'Then just after half time, Afobe's scored a fantastic goal that, in a tight game, has put our noses in front. After that we were very professional, we got the second goal, we needed it and it was a good overall performance.' Forest boss Dougie Freedman says the difference between the two sides was simple composure in front of goal. Wolves striker Afobe (centre) is mobbed by his team-mates after putting them ahead in the second half . 'The difference was that they took their chances when they came along. There was not a lot in it, they just took their chances when they came their way,' he said. 'When they scored just after half time, our team talk went out the window. But you have to take your chances against the top sides and we had plenty of them. 'The ability to take chances is what cost us in the end. They took theirs and we did not make the most of ours. Afobe made the difference, because he took his goal superbly. 'We had opportunities to win the game, we had sustained pressure on their goal. But we did not have the cutting edge we needed.'

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

Kenny Jackett has told his Wolves players they must maintain their focus and follow up victory over Nottingham Forest with another over Leeds United on Monday. The Wolves boss believes it is now just the top eight in the Sky Bet Championship who are fighting it out for the play-off places, with their 2-1 success at the City Ground all but ending the Reds' chances of making a late push. Wolves were fired on by a goal just 30 seconds into the second half from Benik Afobe, followed by a Bakary Sako penalty in the 72nd minute. Dexter Blackstock pulled one back for Forest four minutes into injury time, but it was too little, too late. Bakary Sako celebrates after scoring Wolves' second goal in a 2-1 win at Nottingham Forest on Good Friday . Manager Kenny Jackett has told his side that they need to keep their focus to maintain a promotion push . And Jackett does not want Wolves to let their promotion push slip away now, saying: We just need to keep winning our games and not worry about other sides. It looks like the top eight will be involved now, although I don't know if Forest will have an opinion on that. 'We have to follow this win up with another against Leeds now, there will be a big crowd at Molineux and we have to focus on that now. 'The mood is very determined, there is good focus among the players and we are keen to keep improving.' Jackett was particularly delighted for Afobe, who he had previously taken on loan at Millwall, saying: 'He is repaying our faith but we worked together at Millwall and I am delighted to have him permanently now. He was ready for a permanent home. Dougie Freedman believes the difference between the two sides was a simple composure in front of goal . 'I'm delighted to have won. I felt that Forest put us under a lot of pressure in the first 20 minutes, a lot of energy, the crowd were right behind them. We defended well in that period, very well. Then we came through it and started to look a threat ourselves. 'Then just after half time, Afobe's scored a fantastic goal that, in a tight game, has put our noses in front. After that we were very professional, we got the second goal, we needed it and it was a good overall performance.' Forest boss Dougie Freedman says the difference between the two sides was simple composure in front of goal. Wolves striker Afobe (centre) is mobbed by his team-mates after putting them ahead in the second half . 'The difference was that they took their chances when they came along. There was not a lot in it, they just took their chances when they came their way,' he said. 'When they scored just after half time, our team talk went out the window. But you have to take your chances against the top sides and we had plenty of them. 'The ability to take chances is what cost us in the end. They took theirs and we did not make the most of ours. Afobe made the difference, because he took his goal superbly. 'We had opportunities to win the game, we had sustained pressure on their goal. But we did not have the cutting edge we needed.'

[Assistant]
Here's a brief summary of the article:

Wolves manager Kenny Jackett has urged his players to maintain their focus after a 2-1 win over Nottingham Forest on Good Friday. The win has ended Forest's hopes of making a late push for the playoffs, and Jackett wants his team to keep winning to stay in the promotion push. The Wolves striker Benik Afobe was instrumental in the victory, scoring two goals, including the winner in the 72nd minute. Forest manager Dougie Freedman praised Wolves' composure in front of goal, saying it was the difference between the two teams. Freedman also highlighted the importance

Wolves beat Nottingham Forest to continue their push towards the playoff places and all but end their opposition's chances of promotion .
Wolves are seventh, level on points with sixth-placed Ipswich .
Kenny Jackett believes his side must maintain their focus to stay in touch .
They face Leeds United in their next encounter, on Easter Monday .


Prompt: Angelina Jolie has said that the cost of testing for breast cancer genes 'remains an obstacle for many women'. The actress, who underwent a double mastectomy in 2013, was referring to a genetic test that currently costs more than $3,000 (£2,000). Now a Silicon Valley-based start-up is offering an at-home DNA saliva test that detects the same gene mutations but is priced at only $249 (£167). A Silicon Valley-based start-up is offering an at-home DNA saliva test to detect the same gene mutations priced at just $249 (£167). It tests for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 . It tests for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, along with 17 other markers, all of which are linked to an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Women with a mutation in BRCA1 have a lifetime risk of up to 80 percent for developing breast cancer and up to a 50 percent chance of developing ovarian cancer. The company behind the test, Color Genomics, was founded by Elad Gil, a former cancer researcher at MIT and Otman Laraki, a former engineer at Twitter and Google. 'We founded Color because we want to give every person the opportunity to understand their genetic risk of cancer,' said Dr Gil. Angelina Jolie recently said that the cost of testing for breast cancer genes 'remains an obstacle for many women'. The actress, who is pictured here with her husband Brad Pitt, was referring to a genetic test that currently costs more than $3,000 (£2,000) 'This important information gives people the opportunity to work with their physician to manage their risk and make key life choice.' To get hold of the test, a physician will need to order it online, with the patient receiving a kit at home. The kit has instructions on how to take a sample of saliva and send it back to a central lab for processing. 'We want to make sure that there is always a physician involved,' the founders told Quartz. Color Genomics is currently available in 45 states and is hoping to comply with regulations required in New York, Maryland, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania and Florida. However, the test has received mixed responses with some saying it might not be useful, and could even be harmful. 'I worry it will give women information that we really don't know what it means - and that women will make very difficult choices that turn out to be incorrect,' Frances Visco of the National Breast Cancer Coalition told NPR. 'If we have more women who believe they are at increased risk,' Visco says, 'we will have more women removing healthy body parts. 'We really do not have enough information to base this kind of expansion of this kind of testing.' Color Genomics did not immediately respond to DailyMail.com for comment. Researchers found coffee can stop the growth of tumours in women who have already been treated with the drug tamoxifen . Just two cups of coffee a day could halve the risk of breast cancer returning in women recovering from the disease, a study has found. Researchers found coffee can stop the growth of tumours in women who have already been treated with the drug tamoxifen. Tamoxifen is the main hormonal therapy drug given to women who have not been through the menopause, and is usually taken for five years or longer after treatment for breast cancer. Most breast cancer tumours rely on the hormone oestrogen to grow, and tamoxifen blocks oestrogen from reaching the cancer cells. This means the cancer either grows more slowly or stops growing altogether. As part of the study, Swedish and British researchers looked at data from 1,090 breast cancer patients, in a follow up of a similar study carried out two years ago. They found that more than 500 women who had been treated with tamoxifen, and those that had drunk at least two cups of coffee a day, had only half the risk of their cancer returning than those who drank less coffee, or none at all.

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

Angelina Jolie has said that the cost of testing for breast cancer genes 'remains an obstacle for many women'. The actress, who underwent a double mastectomy in 2013, was referring to a genetic test that currently costs more than $3,000 (£2,000). Now a Silicon Valley-based start-up is offering an at-home DNA saliva test that detects the same gene mutations but is priced at only $249 (£167). A Silicon Valley-based start-up is offering an at-home DNA saliva test to detect the same gene mutations priced at just $249 (£167). It tests for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 . It tests for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, along with 17 other markers, all of which are linked to an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Women with a mutation in BRCA1 have a lifetime risk of up to 80 percent for developing breast cancer and up to a 50 percent chance of developing ovarian cancer. The company behind the test, Color Genomics, was founded by Elad Gil, a former cancer researcher at MIT and Otman Laraki, a former engineer at Twitter and Google. 'We founded Color because we want to give every person the opportunity to understand their genetic risk of cancer,' said Dr Gil. Angelina Jolie recently said that the cost of testing for breast cancer genes 'remains an obstacle for many women'. The actress, who is pictured here with her husband Brad Pitt, was referring to a genetic test that currently costs more than $3,000 (£2,000) 'This important information gives people the opportunity to work with their physician to manage their risk and make key life choice.' To get hold of the test, a physician will need to order it online, with the patient receiving a kit at home. The kit has instructions on how to take a sample of saliva and send it back to a central lab for processing. 'We want to make sure that there is always a physician involved,' the founders told Quartz. Color Genomics is currently available in 45 states and is hoping to comply with regulations required in New York, Maryland, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania and Florida. However, the test has received mixed responses with some saying it might not be useful, and could even be harmful. 'I worry it will give women information that we really don't know what it means - and that women will make very difficult choices that turn out to be incorrect,' Frances Visco of the National Breast Cancer Coalition told NPR. 'If we have more women who believe they are at increased risk,' Visco says, 'we will have more women removing healthy body parts. 'We really do not have enough information to base this kind of expansion of this kind of testing.' Color Genomics did not immediately respond to DailyMail.com for comment. Researchers found coffee can stop the growth of tumours in women who have already been treated with the drug tamoxifen . Just two cups of coffee a day could halve the risk of breast cancer returning in women recovering from the disease, a study has found. Researchers found coffee can stop the growth of tumours in women who have already been treated with the drug tamoxifen. Tamoxifen is the main hormonal therapy drug given to women who have not been through the menopause, and is usually taken for five years or longer after treatment for breast cancer. Most breast cancer tumours rely on the hormone oestrogen to grow, and tamoxifen blocks oestrogen from reaching the cancer cells. This means the cancer either grows more slowly or stops growing altogether. As part of the study, Swedish and British researchers looked at data from 1,090 breast cancer patients, in a follow up of a similar study carried out two years ago. They found that more than 500 women who had been treated with tamoxifen, and those that had drunk at least two cups of coffee a day, had only half the risk of their cancer returning than those who drank less coffee, or none at all.

[Assistant]
The article discusses a new at-home DNA saliva test developed by Silicon Valley-based start-up Color Genomics, which aims to detect genetic mutations linked to an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. The test, priced at $249 (£167), analyzes 17 markers and can detect mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which carry a 50% chance of developing cancer.

Angelina Jolie, who underwent a double mastectomy in 2013, has expressed concern about the high cost of genetic testing for breast cancer, stating that it remains an obstacle for many women. Jolie's comments were echoed by Frances Visco of

Test is being offered by Silicon Valley-based start up Color Genomics .
It tests for 19 gene mutations linked to ovarian and breast cancer .
Works by asking patients to send back a sample of saliva to a central lab .
Test is available in 45 US states and needs to be ordered by a physician .


Prompt: In 2018, Nasa will launch the Orion spacecraft using the largest, most powerful rocket booster ever built; the Space Launch System (SLS). Tucked inside the stage adapter - the ring connecting Orion to the top propulsion stage of the SLS -will be 11 self-contained small satellites, each about the size of a large shoebox. Now, the space agency has revealed three missions that will use these small satellites during the test flight to help develop technologies for astronauts travelling to deep space. A concept image of the Near-Earth Asteroid Scout mission, one of 11 missions that will be secondary payloads to the first test flight of Nasa's Space Launch System . 'Nasa is taking advantage of a great opportunity to conduct more science beyond our primary focus of this mission,' said Jody Singer manager of Nasa's Flight Programs and Partnerships Office. 'While this new vehicle will enable missions beyond Earth orbit, we're taking steps to increase the scientific and exploration capability of SLS by accommodating small, CubeSat-class payloads.' The first is a Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) Scout, using solar sail propulsion, will fly by a small asteroid, taking pictures and making observations. It aims to improve the current understanding of the asteroid environment and yield key information for future astronauts exploring an asteroid. BioSentinel will use yeast to detect, measure, and compare the impact of deep space radiation on living organisms over long durations beyond Low-Earth Orbit . Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) Scout, using solar sail propulsion, will fly by a small asteroid, taking pictures and making observations. It aims to improve the current understanding of the asteroid environment and yield key information for future astronauts exploring an asteroid. Lunar Flashlight will scout for locations on the lunar surface that are rich in resources that, once broken down into their component molecules, could be used in future exploration. The hope is future astronauts can use the technology to produce building materials, propellant, oxygen and water. BioSentinel will use yeast to detect, measure, and compare the impact of deep space radiation on living organisms over long durations beyond Low-Earth Orbit. This will help scientists understand the effects of the deep space environment on biological systems as we plan to send humans farther into space than ever before. 'A solar sail works best when deployed in deep space and SLS will get us there,' said Les Johnson, principal investigator for NEA Scout at Marshall. 'It will take us out of Earth orbit and to interplanetary space - where we need to be to deploy the solar sail. It's a perfect ride to begin our mission.' Nasa's Lunar Flashlight will scout for locations on the lunar surface that are rich in resources that, once broken down into their component molecules, could be used in future exploration. The hope is future astronauts can use the technology to produce building materials, propellant, oxygen and water. Lunar Flashlight will use a large solar sail, similar to the NEA Scout sail, to reflect sunlight and illuminate the moon's permanently shadowed craters and then the science instruments will measure the surface water ice. Meanwhile, BioSentinel will use yeast to detect, measure, and compare the impact of deep space radiation on living organisms over long durations beyond Low-Earth Orbit. This will help scientists understand the effects of the deep space environment on biological systems as we plan to send humans farther into space than ever before. The BioSentinel mission will be the first time living organisms have travelled to deep space in over 40 years and the spacecraft will operate in the deep space radiation environment throughout its 18-month mission. The experiments will be launched by Houston-based Nasa in 2018 during a test flight of the Orion spacecraft using the largest, most powerful rocket booster ever built; the Space Launch System . The missions are a key part of the historic test flight, dubbed Exploration Mission-1. About 10 minutes after Orion and its service module escape the pull of Earth's gravity, the two will disconnect and Orion will proceed toward the moon. Once Orion is a safe distance away, the small payloads will begin to be deployed, all at various times during the flight depending on the particular missions. These CubeSats are small nano-satellites designed to be efficient and versatile. The masses of these secondary payloads are light - no heavier than 30lb (14kg). They will essentially piggyback on the SLS flight, providing what otherwise would be costly access to deep space. 'We are expanding the capabilities of this particular SLS test flight,' said Joseph Pelfrey, deputy manager of the Exploration and Space Transportation Development Office at Marshall. 'The rocket will be the strongest ever built by Nasa and we want to take advantage of that design. 'Flying secondary payloads is something we plan to do for missions to come and provide the science community an opportunity they haven't had before.' They will essentially piggyback on the SLS flight, providing what otherwise would be costly access to deep space. Pictured is an artist's impression of the Space Launch System .

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

In 2018, Nasa will launch the Orion spacecraft using the largest, most powerful rocket booster ever built; the Space Launch System (SLS). Tucked inside the stage adapter - the ring connecting Orion to the top propulsion stage of the SLS -will be 11 self-contained small satellites, each about the size of a large shoebox. Now, the space agency has revealed three missions that will use these small satellites during the test flight to help develop technologies for astronauts travelling to deep space. A concept image of the Near-Earth Asteroid Scout mission, one of 11 missions that will be secondary payloads to the first test flight of Nasa's Space Launch System . 'Nasa is taking advantage of a great opportunity to conduct more science beyond our primary focus of this mission,' said Jody Singer manager of Nasa's Flight Programs and Partnerships Office. 'While this new vehicle will enable missions beyond Earth orbit, we're taking steps to increase the scientific and exploration capability of SLS by accommodating small, CubeSat-class payloads.' The first is a Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) Scout, using solar sail propulsion, will fly by a small asteroid, taking pictures and making observations. It aims to improve the current understanding of the asteroid environment and yield key information for future astronauts exploring an asteroid. BioSentinel will use yeast to detect, measure, and compare the impact of deep space radiation on living organisms over long durations beyond Low-Earth Orbit . Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) Scout, using solar sail propulsion, will fly by a small asteroid, taking pictures and making observations. It aims to improve the current understanding of the asteroid environment and yield key information for future astronauts exploring an asteroid. Lunar Flashlight will scout for locations on the lunar surface that are rich in resources that, once broken down into their component molecules, could be used in future exploration. The hope is future astronauts can use the technology to produce building materials, propellant, oxygen and water. BioSentinel will use yeast to detect, measure, and compare the impact of deep space radiation on living organisms over long durations beyond Low-Earth Orbit. This will help scientists understand the effects of the deep space environment on biological systems as we plan to send humans farther into space than ever before. 'A solar sail works best when deployed in deep space and SLS will get us there,' said Les Johnson, principal investigator for NEA Scout at Marshall. 'It will take us out of Earth orbit and to interplanetary space - where we need to be to deploy the solar sail. It's a perfect ride to begin our mission.' Nasa's Lunar Flashlight will scout for locations on the lunar surface that are rich in resources that, once broken down into their component molecules, could be used in future exploration. The hope is future astronauts can use the technology to produce building materials, propellant, oxygen and water. Lunar Flashlight will use a large solar sail, similar to the NEA Scout sail, to reflect sunlight and illuminate the moon's permanently shadowed craters and then the science instruments will measure the surface water ice. Meanwhile, BioSentinel will use yeast to detect, measure, and compare the impact of deep space radiation on living organisms over long durations beyond Low-Earth Orbit. This will help scientists understand the effects of the deep space environment on biological systems as we plan to send humans farther into space than ever before. The BioSentinel mission will be the first time living organisms have travelled to deep space in over 40 years and the spacecraft will operate in the deep space radiation environment throughout its 18-month mission. The experiments will be launched by Houston-based Nasa in 2018 during a test flight of the Orion spacecraft using the largest, most powerful rocket booster ever built; the Space Launch System . The missions are a key part of the historic test flight, dubbed Exploration Mission-1. About 10 minutes after Orion and its service module escape the pull of Earth's gravity, the two will disconnect and Orion will proceed toward the moon. Once Orion is a safe distance away, the small payloads will begin to be deployed, all at various times during the flight depending on the particular missions. These CubeSats are small nano-satellites designed to be efficient and versatile. The masses of these secondary payloads are light - no heavier than 30lb (14kg). They will essentially piggyback on the SLS flight, providing what otherwise would be costly access to deep space. 'We are expanding the capabilities of this particular SLS test flight,' said Joseph Pelfrey, deputy manager of the Exploration and Space Transportation Development Office at Marshall. 'The rocket will be the strongest ever built by Nasa and we want to take advantage of that design. 'Flying secondary payloads is something we plan to do for missions to come and provide the science community an opportunity they haven't had before.' They will essentially piggyback on the SLS flight, providing what otherwise would be costly access to deep space. Pictured is an artist's impression of the Space Launch System .

[Assistant]
NASA's Orion spacecraft, using the largest and most powerful rocket booster ever built, the Space Launch System (SLS), is set to launch in 2018. The spacecraft will carry 11 small satellites, each about the size of a large shoebox, to test technologies for deep space travel. These satellites, known as Near-Earth Asteroid Scout, BioSentinel, and Lunar Flashlight, will be deployed during the test flight to improve our understanding of asteroid environments, deep space radiation effects on living organisms, and lunar resources.

The Near-Earth Asteroid Scout mission will use solar sail propulsion to fly by a small asteroid,

They will be included in 2018 flight of Orion and Space Launch System .
NEA Scout will fly by a small asteroid, taking pictures and getting data .
Lunar Flashlight will illuminate moon's craters and measure surface ice .
BioSentinel will use yeast to measure the impact of deep space radiation .


Prompt: Gary Player will attend his 58th Masters this week fully expecting to welcome a new member to the game’s most exclusive club and salute what he considers would be one of the sport’s finest accomplishments. The great man considers Tiger Woods completing the career Grand Slam at the age of just 24 as the best golfing feat he has seen. So you can imagine how excited he is at the prospect of Rory McIlroy becoming just the sixth player to win all four majors at only 25. ‘I’m not sure people fully realise what a magnificent effort it would be,’ said the South African legend. ‘When I completed my Slam at 29 I said to my wife that you will never see that done again. Then Jack Nicklaus came along and did it at 26 and then Tiger at 24. Jack Nicklaus watches his shot go for a birdie on the 17th at the Masters golf tournament in Augusta in 1986 . Rory McIlroy meets up with South African Golf Legend Gary Player during the pro-am in 2009 . Rory McIlroy, pictured in action at the Arnold Palmer Invitational, and is favourite to win the Masters . ‘Now we have Rory, and I tell you this: I honestly believe he is going to do it. I just believe everything is going to fall into place for him, that he will learn from the mistakes he made when he messed up in 2011 and put everything right.’ It is not hard to see why Player would have such a special affinity for McIlroy. Two men of similar stature who came from a foreign land to take on the Americans in the majors in their own backyard; two men with a commitment to fitness with minds strong enough to ward off all the criticism. Forget Tiger. It was Player, of course, who wrote the book when it came to golfers and fitness. Heavens, he is still doing 1,300 sit-ups and squatting 300lb every morning even now, at the age of 79. He is withering in his contempt of those who say McIlroy is ‘bulking up’ too much in the gym. ‘I’m going to guess most of the critics are fat and don’t watch what they eat,’ he says. ‘Just because they’re lazy, they can’t grasp that fitness is so vital. Tom Watson presents Player with a Green Jacket after the 1978 Masters Tournament at Augusta National . ‘I was told that because I was so keen on fitness my career in golf would be over early and I wouldn’t win any tournaments after the age of 34. I was told I had no chance of winning the US Open if I was squatting 325lb the previous evening. What rubbish. ‘I’m just so pleased to see travelling gymnasiums on the circuit and that most players see the value of putting themselves through the pain barrier. I used to go down to the local YMCA wherever we were playing and sometimes wait 20 minutes to use the equipment. But it you want to be a superstar, and by a superstar I mean a player who has won at least six majors, there are no short cuts. Woods could pose a threat to McIlroy at the Masters after confirming that he will play at Augusta . ‘Rory will be an absolute superstar when he wins the Masters. And yes, I can see a lot of similarities with myself. I love the fact he is a people person, for example, and engages with the fans. That’s what I used to love, and still do. So many pros can’t be bothered to talk to the fans and it’s so wrong.’ Player also gives short shrift to the idea that completing the career Grand Slam is a modern media invention. ‘I tell you it was electrifying when I completed it in 1965,’ he said. ‘I so wanted to follow Gene Sarazen and particularly Ben Hogan and become the third player to achieve it, because Hogan was the best player I’d seen. Jack and I were both in competition to complete it and it was a piece of advice Jack gave me that helped me over the line. ‘I was due to play a tournament at Greensboro in 1965 when Jack said if I wanted to win the US Open and complete the set I should go with him to the US Open site and practise. I said I needed the money, that I had loads of children to look after, but I went with him. So he played a key role. McIlroy manages a smile after throwing away a four-shot lead on the final day of the Masters in 2011 . Jack Nicklaus  waves before hitting his drive at the ceremonial start of the 2014 Masters golf tournament . ‘It was amazing afterwards. Everyone wanted to know how a man from a small country who lost his mother at the age of eight and his dad worked in a mine could achieve such a thing. How on earth could it happen?’ Player and Nicklaus have remained lifelong friends. They will be partners in a team competition in the autumn before Player heads to Greece for his 80th birthday celebrations. ‘There will be 35 people there and Jack and I will need to win that event for me to be able to pay for it,’ said Player, laughing. As for Augusta, he is looking forward as ever to hitting the ceremonial first shot on Thursday alongside Nicklaus and Arnold Palmer. And then, 50 years on from his own date with history, he will join every other fascinated observer to see if another non-American can complete the set of majors and join him on what former US Open champion Curtis Strange evocatively refers to as golf’s Mount Rushmore.

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

Gary Player will attend his 58th Masters this week fully expecting to welcome a new member to the game’s most exclusive club and salute what he considers would be one of the sport’s finest accomplishments. The great man considers Tiger Woods completing the career Grand Slam at the age of just 24 as the best golfing feat he has seen. So you can imagine how excited he is at the prospect of Rory McIlroy becoming just the sixth player to win all four majors at only 25. ‘I’m not sure people fully realise what a magnificent effort it would be,’ said the South African legend. ‘When I completed my Slam at 29 I said to my wife that you will never see that done again. Then Jack Nicklaus came along and did it at 26 and then Tiger at 24. Jack Nicklaus watches his shot go for a birdie on the 17th at the Masters golf tournament in Augusta in 1986 . Rory McIlroy meets up with South African Golf Legend Gary Player during the pro-am in 2009 . Rory McIlroy, pictured in action at the Arnold Palmer Invitational, and is favourite to win the Masters . ‘Now we have Rory, and I tell you this: I honestly believe he is going to do it. I just believe everything is going to fall into place for him, that he will learn from the mistakes he made when he messed up in 2011 and put everything right.’ It is not hard to see why Player would have such a special affinity for McIlroy. Two men of similar stature who came from a foreign land to take on the Americans in the majors in their own backyard; two men with a commitment to fitness with minds strong enough to ward off all the criticism. Forget Tiger. It was Player, of course, who wrote the book when it came to golfers and fitness. Heavens, he is still doing 1,300 sit-ups and squatting 300lb every morning even now, at the age of 79. He is withering in his contempt of those who say McIlroy is ‘bulking up’ too much in the gym. ‘I’m going to guess most of the critics are fat and don’t watch what they eat,’ he says. ‘Just because they’re lazy, they can’t grasp that fitness is so vital. Tom Watson presents Player with a Green Jacket after the 1978 Masters Tournament at Augusta National . ‘I was told that because I was so keen on fitness my career in golf would be over early and I wouldn’t win any tournaments after the age of 34. I was told I had no chance of winning the US Open if I was squatting 325lb the previous evening. What rubbish. ‘I’m just so pleased to see travelling gymnasiums on the circuit and that most players see the value of putting themselves through the pain barrier. I used to go down to the local YMCA wherever we were playing and sometimes wait 20 minutes to use the equipment. But it you want to be a superstar, and by a superstar I mean a player who has won at least six majors, there are no short cuts. Woods could pose a threat to McIlroy at the Masters after confirming that he will play at Augusta . ‘Rory will be an absolute superstar when he wins the Masters. And yes, I can see a lot of similarities with myself. I love the fact he is a people person, for example, and engages with the fans. That’s what I used to love, and still do. So many pros can’t be bothered to talk to the fans and it’s so wrong.’ Player also gives short shrift to the idea that completing the career Grand Slam is a modern media invention. ‘I tell you it was electrifying when I completed it in 1965,’ he said. ‘I so wanted to follow Gene Sarazen and particularly Ben Hogan and become the third player to achieve it, because Hogan was the best player I’d seen. Jack and I were both in competition to complete it and it was a piece of advice Jack gave me that helped me over the line. ‘I was due to play a tournament at Greensboro in 1965 when Jack said if I wanted to win the US Open and complete the set I should go with him to the US Open site and practise. I said I needed the money, that I had loads of children to look after, but I went with him. So he played a key role. McIlroy manages a smile after throwing away a four-shot lead on the final day of the Masters in 2011 . Jack Nicklaus  waves before hitting his drive at the ceremonial start of the 2014 Masters golf tournament . ‘It was amazing afterwards. Everyone wanted to know how a man from a small country who lost his mother at the age of eight and his dad worked in a mine could achieve such a thing. How on earth could it happen?’ Player and Nicklaus have remained lifelong friends. They will be partners in a team competition in the autumn before Player heads to Greece for his 80th birthday celebrations. ‘There will be 35 people there and Jack and I will need to win that event for me to be able to pay for it,’ said Player, laughing. As for Augusta, he is looking forward as ever to hitting the ceremonial first shot on Thursday alongside Nicklaus and Arnold Palmer. And then, 50 years on from his own date with history, he will join every other fascinated observer to see if another non-American can complete the set of majors and join him on what former US Open champion Curtis Strange evocatively refers to as golf’s Mount Rushmore.

[Assistant]
The article features a conversation between Gary Player, a renowned golfer, and Rory McIlroy, a professional golfer, about the Masters Tournament. Player, who has completed the career Grand Slam at 29, is excited to see Rory McIlroy, who is considered one of the sport's finest accomplishments, attempt to win all four majors at 25. Player believes McIlroy has the potential to achieve this feat and is confident that everything will fall into place for him.

Player, who is 79 years old, is still committed to fitness and has a strong work ethic, which he attributes to his success in golf. He

Gary Player considers Tiger Woods Grand Slam at 24 as best golfing feat .
South African will attend his 58th Masters this week at Augusta National .
Player is excited at the prospect of Rory McIlroy joining exclusive club .
McIlroy could become only the sixth player to win all four majors .


Prompt: Researchers plan to drill 5,000 feet (1,500 meters) below the surface of the Chicxulub crater in Mexico to try and answer the question of how the dinosaurs died out. The core they hope to retrieve will allow them to look back in time 10 million to 15 million years into the past. It could help uncover exactly what happened to create the crater - and if it killed off the dinosaurs. UK researchers studied the asteroid impact 66 million years ago (illustration shown). They found the heat near the impact site in Mexico was not intense enough to ignite plant material. A heat pulse lasted less than a minute, too short to set plants alight . The impact site is believed to be the 125 mile (200km) wide Chicxulub crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. When the six-mile-wide (10km) asteroid hit what is now Mexico approximately 66 million years ago, dinosaurs were experiencing environmental upheaval, which left them vulnerable. Previous researcher has questioned the theory that a global firestorm accompanied the asteroid that killed off the dinosaurs. A team of researchers has found that heat near the impact site would not have been sufficient to ignite plants. It suggests our understanding of the mass extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs may not be as complete as thought. 'The Chicxulub impact crater has been a remarkable scientific opportunity for the 20 years since it's been discovered,' Sean Gulick, of The University of Texas at Austin Institute for Geophysics, told Livescience. An international team of scientists met last week in Mérida, Mexico, located within the 125-mile-wide (200 kilometers) Chicxulub crater, to discuss their plans for the drilling project, slated to start in spring 2016. They believe that when a big rock smashes into Earth at high enough velocities, the collision causes the crust temporarily to act like a liquid, first forming a so-called transient crater (like the indentation that forms on a lake surface after a rock is thrown in), and the center rebounds, or splashes, upward and then outward. 'We think the peak ring is the record of the material that rebounded and splashed outward,' Gulick told Live Science. All of these ideas are based on models and aren't necessarily what happened. 'We've never gotten a rock back from a peak ring to know if that's correct,' Gulick said. Previous researcher has questioned the theory that a global firestorm accompanied the asteroid that killed off the dinosaurs. A team of researchers has found that heat near the impact site would not have been sufficient to ignite plants. It suggests our understanding of the mass extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs may not be as complete as thought. The team of researchers from the University of Exeter, University of Edinburgh and Imperial College London recreated the immense energy that would have been released from the asteroid impact 66 million years ago. Further away from the impact site in Mexico (shown), in places like New Zealand, the heat could have lasted up to seven minutes and caused some localised fires. But the theory that a global firestorm accompanied the asteroid impact is not correct, according to the scientists . They found that the intense but short-lived heat near the impact site could not have ignited live plants, challenging the idea that the impact led to global firestorms. These firestorms have previously been considered a major contender in the puzzle to find out what caused the mass extinction of life on Earth 66 million years ago. The impact site is believed to be the 125 mile (200km) wide Chicxulub crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. Researchers believe that when a big rock smashes into Earth at high enough velocities, the collision causes the crust temporarily to act like a liquid, first forming a so-called transient crater (like the indentation that forms on a lake surface after a rock is thrown in), and the center rebounds, or splashes, upward and then outward. For years scientists have debated whether an asteroid, climate change or a combination of catastrophes were responsible for the demise of dinosaurs. But last year, a study claimed that the majority of the prehistoric creatures were wiped out by a perfect storm of 'colossal bad luck'. Dinosaurs might have survived the asteroid strike that led to their extinction if it had come slightly earlier or later in history, scientists said. But when the six-mile-wide (10km) asteroid hit what is now Mexico approximately 66 million years ago, dinosaurs were experiencing environmental upheaval, which left them vulnerable. The study by an international team of palaeontologists led by the University of Edinburgh looked at an updated catalogue of dinosaur fossils, mostly from North America. They found that widespread volcanic activity, changing sea levels and varying temperatures had weakened the dinosaurs' food chain when disaster struck. If the asteroid impact had come a few million years earlier, when the range of species was bigger and food chains more robust, they may have survived, according to the study. A heat pulse in the surrounding the area lasted for less than a minute followed the impact. While this was too short to ignite live plant material nearby, the effects of the impact further away could have been sufficient to set some material alight. The researchers said as far away as New Zealand, the heat would have been less intense but longer lasting, heating the ground for seven minutes - enough to ignite live plant matter. But nearer the site such a scenario was unlikely, pouring water on the global firestorm theory. The experiments carried out in the laboratory showed that dry plant matter could ignite, but live plants including green pine branches, typically do not. 'By combining computer simulations of the impact with methods from engineering we have been able to recreate the enormous heat of the impact in the laboratory,' said Dr Claire Belcher from the Earth System Science group in Geography at the University of Exeter. 'This has shown us that the heat was more likely to severely affect ecosystems a long distance away, such that forests in New Zealand would have had more chance of suffering major wildfires than forests in North America that were close to the impact. 'This flips our understanding of the effects of the impact on its head and means that paleontologists may need to look for new clues from fossils found a long way from the impact to better understand the mass extinction event.' The experiments carried out in the laboratory showed that dry plant matter could ignite, but live plants typically do not. Pictured is the fire propagation apparatus recreating the impact induced thermal pulse at the Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K-Pg) boundary. Halogen lamps are delivering the thermal radiation in the image . Plants and animals are generally resistant to localised fire events - animals can hide or hibernate and plants can re-colonise from other areas, implying that wildfires are unlikely to be directly capable of leading to the extinctions. If, however, some animal communities - particularly large animals - were unable to shelter from the heat, they may have suffered serious losses. It is unclear whether these would have been sufficient to lead to the extinction of species. 'This is a truly exciting piece of inter-disciplinary research,' said Dr Rory Hadden from the University of Edinburgh. 'By working together engineers and geoscientists have tackled a complex, long-standing problem in a novel way. 'This has allowed a step forward in the debate surrounding the end Cretaceous impact and will help Geoscientists interpret the fossil record and evaluate potential future impacts. 'In addition, the methods we developed in the laboratory for this research have driven new developments in our current understanding of how materials behave in fires particularly at the wildland-urban-interface, meaning that we have been able to answer questions relating to both ancient mass extinctions at the same time as developing understanding of the impact of wildfires in urban areas today.'

[System] You are a helpful assistant that writes a brief, factual summary of a news article.

[User]
Summarize the following article:

Researchers plan to drill 5,000 feet (1,500 meters) below the surface of the Chicxulub crater in Mexico to try and answer the question of how the dinosaurs died out. The core they hope to retrieve will allow them to look back in time 10 million to 15 million years into the past. It could help uncover exactly what happened to create the crater - and if it killed off the dinosaurs. UK researchers studied the asteroid impact 66 million years ago (illustration shown). They found the heat near the impact site in Mexico was not intense enough to ignite plant material. A heat pulse lasted less than a minute, too short to set plants alight . The impact site is believed to be the 125 mile (200km) wide Chicxulub crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. When the six-mile-wide (10km) asteroid hit what is now Mexico approximately 66 million years ago, dinosaurs were experiencing environmental upheaval, which left them vulnerable. Previous researcher has questioned the theory that a global firestorm accompanied the asteroid that killed off the dinosaurs. A team of researchers has found that heat near the impact site would not have been sufficient to ignite plants. It suggests our understanding of the mass extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs may not be as complete as thought. 'The Chicxulub impact crater has been a remarkable scientific opportunity for the 20 years since it's been discovered,' Sean Gulick, of The University of Texas at Austin Institute for Geophysics, told Livescience. An international team of scientists met last week in Mérida, Mexico, located within the 125-mile-wide (200 kilometers) Chicxulub crater, to discuss their plans for the drilling project, slated to start in spring 2016. They believe that when a big rock smashes into Earth at high enough velocities, the collision causes the crust temporarily to act like a liquid, first forming a so-called transient crater (like the indentation that forms on a lake surface after a rock is thrown in), and the center rebounds, or splashes, upward and then outward. 'We think the peak ring is the record of the material that rebounded and splashed outward,' Gulick told Live Science. All of these ideas are based on models and aren't necessarily what happened. 'We've never gotten a rock back from a peak ring to know if that's correct,' Gulick said. Previous researcher has questioned the theory that a global firestorm accompanied the asteroid that killed off the dinosaurs. A team of researchers has found that heat near the impact site would not have been sufficient to ignite plants. It suggests our understanding of the mass extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs may not be as complete as thought. The team of researchers from the University of Exeter, University of Edinburgh and Imperial College London recreated the immense energy that would have been released from the asteroid impact 66 million years ago. Further away from the impact site in Mexico (shown), in places like New Zealand, the heat could have lasted up to seven minutes and caused some localised fires. But the theory that a global firestorm accompanied the asteroid impact is not correct, according to the scientists . They found that the intense but short-lived heat near the impact site could not have ignited live plants, challenging the idea that the impact led to global firestorms. These firestorms have previously been considered a major contender in the puzzle to find out what caused the mass extinction of life on Earth 66 million years ago. The impact site is believed to be the 125 mile (200km) wide Chicxulub crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. Researchers believe that when a big rock smashes into Earth at high enough velocities, the collision causes the crust temporarily to act like a liquid, first forming a so-called transient crater (like the indentation that forms on a lake surface after a rock is thrown in), and the center rebounds, or splashes, upward and then outward. For years scientists have debated whether an asteroid, climate change or a combination of catastrophes were responsible for the demise of dinosaurs. But last year, a study claimed that the majority of the prehistoric creatures were wiped out by a perfect storm of 'colossal bad luck'. Dinosaurs might have survived the asteroid strike that led to their extinction if it had come slightly earlier or later in history, scientists said. But when the six-mile-wide (10km) asteroid hit what is now Mexico approximately 66 million years ago, dinosaurs were experiencing environmental upheaval, which left them vulnerable. The study by an international team of palaeontologists led by the University of Edinburgh looked at an updated catalogue of dinosaur fossils, mostly from North America. They found that widespread volcanic activity, changing sea levels and varying temperatures had weakened the dinosaurs' food chain when disaster struck. If the asteroid impact had come a few million years earlier, when the range of species was bigger and food chains more robust, they may have survived, according to the study. A heat pulse in the surrounding the area lasted for less than a minute followed the impact. While this was too short to ignite live plant material nearby, the effects of the impact further away could have been sufficient to set some material alight. The researchers said as far away as New Zealand, the heat would have been less intense but longer lasting, heating the ground for seven minutes - enough to ignite live plant matter. But nearer the site such a scenario was unlikely, pouring water on the global firestorm theory. The experiments carried out in the laboratory showed that dry plant matter could ignite, but live plants including green pine branches, typically do not. 'By combining computer simulations of the impact with methods from engineering we have been able to recreate the enormous heat of the impact in the laboratory,' said Dr Claire Belcher from the Earth System Science group in Geography at the University of Exeter. 'This has shown us that the heat was more likely to severely affect ecosystems a long distance away, such that forests in New Zealand would have had more chance of suffering major wildfires than forests in North America that were close to the impact. 'This flips our understanding of the effects of the impact on its head and means that paleontologists may need to look for new clues from fossils found a long way from the impact to better understand the mass extinction event.' The experiments carried out in the laboratory showed that dry plant matter could ignite, but live plants typically do not. Pictured is the fire propagation apparatus recreating the impact induced thermal pulse at the Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K-Pg) boundary. Halogen lamps are delivering the thermal radiation in the image . Plants and animals are generally resistant to localised fire events - animals can hide or hibernate and plants can re-colonise from other areas, implying that wildfires are unlikely to be directly capable of leading to the extinctions. If, however, some animal communities - particularly large animals - were unable to shelter from the heat, they may have suffered serious losses. It is unclear whether these would have been sufficient to lead to the extinction of species. 'This is a truly exciting piece of inter-disciplinary research,' said Dr Rory Hadden from the University of Edinburgh. 'By working together engineers and geoscientists have tackled a complex, long-standing problem in a novel way. 'This has allowed a step forward in the debate surrounding the end Cretaceous impact and will help Geoscientists interpret the fossil record and evaluate potential future impacts. 'In addition, the methods we developed in the laboratory for this research have driven new developments in our current understanding of how materials behave in fires particularly at the wildland-urban-interface, meaning that we have been able to answer questions relating to both ancient mass extinctions at the same time as developing understanding of the impact of wildfires in urban areas today.'

[Assistant]
Researchers are planning to drill 5,000 feet below the surface of the Chicxulub crater in Mexico to study the impact that led to the extinction of the dinosaurs. The core they hope to retrieve will allow them to look back in time 10 million to 15 million years into the past. The goal is to understand what happened to create the crater and if it killed off the dinosaurs.

A previous study suggested that a global firestorm accompanied the asteroid impact, but researchers have found that the heat near the impact site would not have been intense enough to ignite live plants. This challenges the idea that the impact led to global fire

UK researchers studied the asteroid impact 66 million years ago .
125-mile-wide (200 kilometers) Chicxulub crater created by an asteroid .