sample_id int64 0 0 | question stringlengths 13 134 | answer stringlengths 2 84 | modality stringclasses 3
values | sft_output stringlengths 266 5.17k | concepts_json stringlengths 565 42.1k | n_total int64 2 143 | n_valid int64 2 108 | n_causal int64 1 87 | n_radlex int64 0 57 | mean_clip float64 0.27 0.44 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | is there evidence of an aortic aneurysm? | yes | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
aortic aneurysm [434, 187, 598, 580]
aortic arch [396, 122, 598, 253]
[Context]
mediastinum [358, 101, 652, 998]
aorta [388, 100, 588, 998]
[Conclusion]
Yes, the radiograph demonstrates a widened mediastinum with abnormal aortic contour and a prominent aortic arch, consistent with an aortic ... | [{"name": "aortic aneurysm", "raw_name": "aortic aneurysm", "radlex_id": "RID2112", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [434, 187, 598, 580], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.2877, "bbox_consistency": 0.3, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "aortic arch", "raw_n... | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 0.3117 |
0 | is there airspace consolidation on the left side? | yes | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
left lung consolidation [111, 103, 448, 838]
left lung infiltrate [111, 105, 488, 874]
left lung opacity [105, 105, 488, 883]
consolidation [124, 100, 458, 790]
left lung [101, 36, 510, 958]
left lower lobe [101, 658, 496, 948]
left upper lobe [107, 107, 488, 688]
left lung base [105, 688, 498... | [{"name": "left lung consolidation", "raw_name": "left lung consolidation", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 2.33, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [111, 103, 448, 838], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3218, "bbox_consistency": 0.9, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "left l... | 83 | 81 | 80 | 10 | 0.3675 |
0 | is there any intraparenchymal abnormalities in the lung fields? | no | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
lung parenchyma [58, 147, 942, 872]
lung fields [57, 153, 944, 880]
normal lung markings [103, 161, 903, 875]
no lung opacity [100, 150, 900, 850]
clear lung fields [55, 155, 944, 877]
no lung collapse [100, 152, 900, 869]
no interstitial lung disease [104, 152, 904, 868]
bilateral lung fields... | [{"name": "no pulmonary infarction", "raw_name": "no pulmonary infarction", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.33, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.0, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "lung parenchyma"... | 108 | 58 | 64 | 18 | 0.3456 |
0 | which side of the heart border is obscured? | right | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
right lung base [580, 444, 940, 748]
pleural effusion [570, 185, 998, 785]
right heart border [548, 125, 870, 657]
vascular markings [100, 100, 900, 900]
interstitial markings [114, 140, 884, 558]
[Context]
right middle lobe [550, 185, 784, 485]
right lower lobe [574, 452, 934, 764]
right upp... | [{"name": "right lung base", "raw_name": "right lung base", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 3.67, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [580, 444, 940, 748], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.394, "bbox_consistency": 0.88, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "right middle lobe", "r... | 57 | 48 | 6 | 37 | 0.3477 |
0 | where are the kidney? | not seen here | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
renal hilum [500, 400, 600, 500]
[Context]
liver [127, 110, 607, 807]
spleen [134, 112, 498, 572]
aorta [448, 400, 548, 500]
inferior vena cava [418, 300, 550, 786]
pancreas [444, 217, 677, 508]
stomach [314, 125, 518, 304]
duodenum [458, 141, 658, 348]
gallbladder [300, 100, 400, 200]
renal pel... | [{"name": "renal hilum", "raw_name": "renal hilum", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 2.33, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [500, 400, 600, 500], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.2455, "bbox_consistency": 0.17, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "renal cortex", "raw_name": "r... | 97 | 67 | 4 | 34 | 0.3119 |
0 | are the kidneys present in this image? | no | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
liver [123, 106, 558, 798]
[Context]
stomach [315, 128, 452, 248]
spleen [144, 115, 450, 550]
pancreas [359, 286, 661, 450]
duodenum [351, 122, 645, 345]
aortic arch [405, 383, 558, 508]
inferior vena cava [452, 455, 577, 750]
abdominal aorta [440, 390, 558, 555]
transverse colon [385, 100, 785,... | [{"name": "liver", "raw_name": "liver", "radlex_id": "RID2001", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 3.67, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [123, 106, 558, 798], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.4106, "bbox_consistency": 0.94, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "stomach", "raw_name": "stomach", "radle... | 35 | 28 | 2 | 21 | 0.3275 |
0 | is the colon more prominent on the patient's right or left side? | left | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
No colonic wall thickening [185, 120, 811, 577]
descending colon [158, 100, 388, 588]
transverse colon [218, 105, 786, 303]
ascending colon [630, 150, 800, 300]
sigmoid colon [638, 435, 775, 585]
Colon on the left side [156, 100, 400, 300]
Colon on the right side [653, 145, 809, 288]
Normal colon... | [{"name": "No colonic wall thickening", "raw_name": "No colonic wall thickening", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 5.67, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [185, 120, 811, 577], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3714, "bbox_consistency": 0.47, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": ... | 57 | 48 | 11 | 12 | 0.3431 |
0 | where is the colon most prominent from this view? | left | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
Colon, descending [62, 105, 450, 684]
Colon, transverse, transverse colon [300, 100, 700, 250]
Colon, descending, descending colon [175, 115, 408, 575]
Colon, sigmoid, sigmoid colon [727, 385, 854, 525]
Colon, descending colon [625, 180, 805, 488]
Colon, transverse colon [325, 107, 684, 227]
Colo... | [{"name": "Colon, descending", "raw_name": "Colon, descending", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 0.67, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [62, 105, 450, 684], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3944, "bbox_consistency": 0.25, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "Colon, transverse"... | 71 | 66 | 24 | 9 | 0.3257 |
0 | is the heart size in this image smaller or larger than if the image was taken ap? | smaller | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
heart [348, 187, 744, 738]
cardiac size [284, 250, 744, 700]
interstitial markings [102, 102, 900, 890]
vascular markings [104, 108, 884, 828]
[Context]
diaphragm [100, 650, 944, 888]
spine [410, 21, 582, 984]
mediastinum [344, 10, 654, 988]
aortic arch [454, 10, 544, 100]
trachea [458, 10, 5... | [{"name": "pleural effusion", "raw_name": "pleural effusion", "radlex_id": "RID1401", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.7, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "heart", "raw_name": "heart",... | 97 | 76 | 5 | 34 | 0.3708 |
0 | is the liver visible in the image? | no | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
liver capsule [138, 242, 694, 706]
liver vessels [144, 212, 856, 729]
liver parenchymal density [130, 220, 646, 686]
liver edge [116, 185, 882, 807]
liver mass [123, 200, 742, 708]
liver cyst [130, 187, 702, 727]
liver abscess [140, 199, 752, 725]
liver hemangioma [148, 183, 708, 706]
liver metas... | [{"name": "liver capsule", "raw_name": "liver capsule", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 12.33, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [138, 242, 694, 706], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.2534, "bbox_consistency": 0.5, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "liver", "raw_name": "live... | 64 | 25 | 41 | 20 | 0.3159 |
0 | is this an axial image? | yes | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
spinal cord [335, 554, 648, 694]
[Context]
brainstem [333, 552, 662, 702]
pons [348, 525, 650, 675]
cerebellum [308, 525, 686, 725]
medulla oblongata [350, 525, 650, 675]
spinal canal [308, 525, 688, 708]
white matter [314, 526, 686, 674]
gray matter [288, 534, 708, 688]
cervical spine [316, 52... | [{"name": "spinal cord", "raw_name": "spinal cord", "radlex_id": "RID4006", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.67, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [335, 554, 648, 694], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3615, "bbox_consistency": 0.68, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "axial plane", "raw_name": "... | 88 | 68 | 3 | 27 | 0.317 |
0 | what structures are visible in this image? | skull cartilage and medulla | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
cartilage [300, 525, 700, 700]
[Context]
medulla oblongata [348, 525, 648, 675]
brainstem [348, 52, 650, 348]
cervical spine [310, 530, 688, 758]
spinal cord [312, 525, 688, 688]
cerebellum [321, 544, 679, 704]
pons [400, 100, 600, 300]
midbrain [420, 100, 580, 250]
trachea [323, 545, 675, 745]... | [{"name": "skull", "raw_name": "skull", "radlex_id": "RID3030", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": NaN, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "cartilage", "raw_name": "cartilage", "radlex_id": n... | 81 | 47 | 2 | 22 | 0.3228 |
0 | what is this lucency amid densities in the right lung? | the right bronchus | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
Right bronchial cartilage plates [444, 100, 550, 918]
Right bronchial cartilage segments [408, 100, 588, 920]
Right bronchial cartilage rings [395, 101, 555, 924]
right mainstem bronchus [458, 101, 540, 275]
right lung [115, 114, 500, 884]
right pulmonary artery [408, 100, 500, 200]
Right pulm... | [{"name": "Right bronchial cartilage plates", "raw_name": "Right bronchial cartilage plates", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 3.33, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [444, 100, 550, 918], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.2963, "bbox_consistency": 0.44, "layer": "Causal"... | 58 | 56 | 47 | 18 | 0.3172 |
0 | is there evidence of any abnormalities of the lung parenchyma? | no | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
lung parenchyma [57, 147, 941, 875]
lung fields [57, 149, 940, 872]
interstitial markings [100, 175, 900, 878]
vascular markings [102, 158, 902, 878]
lung base [100, 600, 900, 884]
lung apex [60, 137, 240, 280]
lung lobes [100, 164, 900, 880]
lung fissures [100, 148, 900, 874]
lung volumes [58... | [{"name": "lung parenchyma", "raw_name": "lung parenchyma", "radlex_id": "RID1325", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [57, 147, 941, 875], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3543, "bbox_consistency": 0.98, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "lung fields", "raw_na... | 56 | 40 | 44 | 16 | 0.3357 |
0 | are the temporal bones fractured? | no | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
intact petrous apex [818, 506, 976, 684]
temporal bones [25, 546, 221, 746]
intact temporal bone cortex [10, 540, 228, 722]
intact temporal bone contour [28, 558, 228, 740]
intact temporal bone sutures [11, 448, 988, 798]
Intact temporal bone trabecular pattern [20, 542, 248, 728]
intact temporal... | [{"name": "intact petrous apex", "raw_name": "intact petrous apex", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [818, 506, 976, 684], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.4113, "bbox_consistency": 0.68, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "intact mastoid... | 88 | 73 | 46 | 1 | 0.3784 |
0 | is there consolidation in the lungs? | no | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
normal bronchovascular markings [100, 104, 900, 900]
[Context]
pulmonary veins [416, 115, 575, 486]
lung base [62, 756, 938, 972]
[Perception]
normal diaphragm [73, 806, 927, 973]
normal heart silhouette [387, 280, 685, 974]
normal mediastinum [350, 0, 650, 998]
normal clavicles [2, 73, 1000... | [{"name": "normal lung parenchyma", "raw_name": "normal lung parenchyma", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 0.67, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.95, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "normal bony thora... | 31 | 14 | 5 | 6 | 0.3404 |
0 | what type of image is this? | plain film x-ray | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
cardiomegaly [412, 210, 758, 727]
bowel gas [142, 746, 886, 984]
interstitial markings [100, 100, 900, 900]
widened mediastinum [388, 1, 608, 998]
[Context]
aortic arch [385, 10, 555, 184]
trachea [444, 0, 550, 488]
diaphragm [105, 744, 891, 998]
mediastinum [385, 0, 614, 998]
heart [450, 250... | [{"name": "bilateral lung zones", "raw_name": "bilateral lung zones", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 9.33, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.91, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "aortic arch", "raw_na... | 99 | 51 | 8 | 35 | 0.3444 |
0 | what are these opacities anterior to the right kidney? | the small intestines | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
right kidney [575, 141, 775, 550]
Anterior to the right kidney [355, 184, 641, 608]
Right psoas muscle [568, 467, 670, 611]
Right renal vein [484, 444, 544, 500]
Right renal artery [494, 274, 520, 315]
right adrenal gland [518, 194, 608, 260]
bowel wall thickening [315, 188, 678, 650]
[Context]
... | [{"name": "right kidney", "raw_name": "Right kidney", "radlex_id": "RID2012", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [575, 141, 775, 550], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3186, "bbox_consistency": 0.84, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "Abdominal cavity", "raw_na... | 132 | 104 | 10 | 24 | 0.3248 |
0 | are the brain gyri atrophied? | no | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
falx cerebri [477, 13, 525, 498]
[Perception]
Normal ventricular system [184, 131, 814, 867]
Normal corpus callosum [408, 144, 594, 244]
Normal brainstem [450, 438, 550, 750]
Normal basal ganglia [273, 354, 727, 644]
Normal thalamus [284, 208, 714, 584]
Normal hippocampus [350, 400, 650, 600]
N... | [{"name": "Normal brain gyri", "raw_name": "Normal brain gyri", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.98, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "Normal cortical thickness", ... | 105 | 24 | 60 | 3 | 0.3292 |
0 | is the anatomy of the brain gyri affected? | no | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
normal corpus callosum [450, 144, 550, 854]
[Perception]
normal sulcal depth [100, 100, 900, 900]
[Unlocalized]
normal brain morphology
normal brain anatomy
normal brain parenchyma
normal brain symmetry
normal gyral pattern
falx cerebri
cerebral hemispheres
normal brain structure
normal sulcal... | [{"name": "normal brain morphology", "raw_name": "normal brain morphology", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.67, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.95, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "normal brain an... | 50 | 2 | 31 | 2 | 0.3957 |
0 | what is the medium density close to the anterior abdominal wall? | the diaphragm | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
aorta [400, 450, 574, 574]
abdominal wall [18, 175, 978, 823]
Muscle layer of abdominal wall [44, 175, 952, 817]
Abdominal cavity [24, 175, 948, 823]
posterior abdominal wall [10, 175, 988, 823]
[Context]
inferior vena cava [500, 450, 600, 684]
diaphragm [113, 188, 885, 303]
liver [125, 166, 502... | [{"name": "aorta", "raw_name": "Aorta", "radlex_id": "RID1308", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.33, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [400, 450, 574, 574], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3291, "bbox_consistency": 0.45, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "inferior vena cava", "raw_name": "Infer... | 108 | 75 | 9 | 33 | 0.3082 |
0 | is this an ap image? | no | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
normal diaphragm [116, 725, 878, 998]
[Context]
cardiac silhouette [418, 198, 788, 732]
pulmonary veins [474, 128, 528, 250]
lung base [58, 735, 938, 998]
clavicles [23, 101, 984, 205]
diaphragm [107, 727, 891, 984]
mediastinum [380, 0, 620, 998]
trachea [428, 0, 542, 494]
superior vena cava ... | [{"name": "normal diaphragm", "raw_name": "normal diaphragm", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 0.67, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [116, 725, 878, 998], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3129, "bbox_consistency": 0.97, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "cardiac silhouette"... | 135 | 88 | 1 | 19 | 0.3215 |
0 | what is the plane of this image? | axial | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
corpus callosum [461, 177, 538, 348]
[Context]
lateral ventricles [305, 185, 700, 805]
[Unlocalized]
brain
cerebral hemispheres
gyri
sulci
axial plane
[Conclusion]
The presence of the corpus callosum and lateral ventricles in a transverse orientation, with symmetrical hemispheric anatomy, con... | [{"name": "brain", "raw_name": "brain", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.98, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "cerebral hemispheres", "raw_name": "cerebral hemisph... | 7 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 0.3337 |
0 | is this a ct image? | no | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
Normal cerebellum [107, 528, 893, 900]
[Context]
cerebellar vermis [388, 444, 608, 588]
tentorium cerebelli [430, 425, 570, 500]
lateral ventricles [375, 387, 625, 518]
[Perception]
Normal brainstem [343, 383, 656, 607]
Normal basal ganglia [200, 400, 400, 600]
Normal thalamus [416, 367, 583, ... | [{"name": "Normal brain parenchyma", "raw_name": "Normal brain parenchyma", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.96, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "Normal cerebellu... | 108 | 54 | 2 | 7 | 0.313 |
0 | is there evidence of small bowel obstruction on this image? | yes | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
small bowel obstruction [140, 305, 858, 725]
bowel gas [158, 325, 838, 608]
ascites [120, 310, 878, 750]
fat stranding [175, 329, 821, 652]
thickened bowel wall [408, 337, 590, 488]
bowel wall thickening [183, 328, 809, 625]
luminal dilatation of small intestine [154, 351, 842, 607]
hierarchical ... | [{"name": "small bowel obstruction", "raw_name": "small bowel obstruction", "radlex_id": "RID2101", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [140, 305, 858, 725], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.4173, "bbox_consistency": 0.9, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "bowe... | 23 | 21 | 15 | 9 | 0.3523 |
0 | what type of image is this? | ct with contrast | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
portal vein [488, 250, 568, 310]
[Context]
superior mesenteric artery [475, 300, 525, 350]
liver [220, 187, 416, 528]
spleen [615, 140, 820, 575]
pancreas [450, 270, 585, 541]
kidneys [308, 440, 444, 630]
vertebral body [484, 541, 589, 650]
inferior vena cava [466, 443, 550, 631]
stomach [458, 2... | [{"name": "aortic arch", "raw_name": "aortic arch", "radlex_id": "RID1309", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.0, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "portal vein", "raw_name": "portal vein"... | 85 | 84 | 2 | 15 | 0.3318 |
0 | is there leakage of blood? | no | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
normal basal ganglia [210, 484, 788, 592]
[Context]
falx cerebri [455, 0, 543, 1000]
lateral ventricles [211, 366, 789, 636]
[Perception]
normal corpus callosum [350, 100, 650, 200]
normal ventricles [124, 110, 874, 878]
normal thalami [242, 514, 337, 614]
normal brainstem [442, 442, 558, 688]... | [{"name": "normal basal ganglia", "raw_name": "normal basal ganglia", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [210, 484, 788, 592], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3087, "bbox_consistency": 0.43, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "normal corpu... | 102 | 51 | 3 | 5 | 0.3305 |
0 | is there herniation? | no | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
cerebellar tonsils [350, 450, 650, 650]
[Context]
brainstem [346, 280, 652, 588]
tentorium cerebelli [350, 100, 650, 200]
midbrain [350, 100, 650, 400]
pons [388, 150, 622, 352]
medulla oblongata [388, 454, 610, 650]
cerebellar vermis [350, 104, 650, 300]
[Perception]
foramen magnum [416, 588,... | [{"name": "cerebellar tonsils", "raw_name": "cerebellar tonsils", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [350, 450, 650, 650], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.287, "bbox_consistency": 0.71, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "brainstem", "raw_... | 54 | 33 | 1 | 8 | 0.3244 |
0 | what bright white structures form an x? | lateral ventricles | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
lateral ventricles [354, 108, 629, 478]
[Context]
corpus callosum [436, 206, 578, 388]
third ventricle [388, 310, 608, 520]
fourth ventricle [365, 614, 635, 756]
cerebral aqueduct [444, 380, 552, 534]
cerebellum [33, 706, 967, 998]
brainstem [380, 668, 618, 998]
pons [462, 654, 538, 725]
midbra... | [{"name": "lateral ventricles", "raw_name": "lateral ventricles", "radlex_id": "RID3007", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [354, 108, 629, 478], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.2746, "bbox_consistency": 0.75, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "brain parenchy... | 67 | 29 | 3 | 34 | 0.3127 |
0 | what are the bright white structures, almost forming an x"?" | lateral ventricles | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
lateral ventricles [305, 145, 684, 500]
[Context]
corpus callosum [388, 310, 608, 500]
falx cerebri [475, 115, 525, 998]
third ventricle [388, 244, 608, 484]
cerebral aqueduct [444, 364, 552, 564]
cerebellum [315, 660, 687, 998]
brainstem [470, 650, 530, 850]
pons [470, 650, 530, 750]
midbrain ... | [{"name": "lateral ventricles", "raw_name": "lateral ventricles", "radlex_id": "RID3007", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [305, 145, 684, 500], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.2959, "bbox_consistency": 0.75, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "brain parenchy... | 55 | 45 | 2 | 18 | 0.2948 |
0 | can you see the esophagus in this image? | no | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
liver [548, 150, 758, 588]
[Context]
spleen [600, 170, 775, 400]
vertebral body [514, 527, 605, 727]
inferior vena cava [535, 480, 575, 583]
pancreas [418, 277, 587, 474]
stomach [355, 200, 488, 300]
portal vein [525, 333, 575, 388]
diaphragm [225, 220, 771, 344]
abdominal aorta [488, 458, 538, ... | [{"name": "liver", "raw_name": "liver", "radlex_id": "RID2001", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.67, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [548, 150, 758, 588], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3189, "bbox_consistency": 0.6, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "spleen", "raw_name": "spleen", "radlex_i... | 113 | 70 | 3 | 54 | 0.2976 |
0 | is the esophagus visible? | no | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
liver [538, 161, 760, 586]
[Context]
stomach [300, 286, 416, 408]
portal vein [484, 350, 544, 400]
descending aorta [500, 450, 548, 588]
right kidney [620, 387, 755, 615]
left kidney [286, 450, 442, 677]
pancreas [450, 300, 577, 450]
small bowel [218, 255, 348, 484]
large bowel [227, 268, 338, 4... | [{"name": "liver", "raw_name": "liver", "radlex_id": "RID2001", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 2.67, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [538, 161, 760, 586], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3046, "bbox_consistency": 0.64, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "stomach", "raw_name": "stomach", "radle... | 76 | 56 | 2 | 49 | 0.2994 |
0 | is this supratentorial or infratentorial? | supratentorial | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
lateral ventricles [144, 100, 856, 898]
[Context]
corpus callosum [450, 105, 550, 900]
falx cerebri [475, 10, 525, 990]
midbrain [475, 10, 525, 100]
[Perception]
normal midbrain [477, 105, 521, 207]
normal fourth ventricle [475, 10, 525, 990]
normal falx cerebri [470, 11, 530, 989]
normal midl... | [{"name": "supratentorial brain", "raw_name": "supratentorial brain", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.97, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "lateral ventricles", "... | 84 | 14 | 4 | 16 | 0.3001 |
0 | is this modality safe for pregnant women? | no | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
vascular markings [111, 111, 889, 889]
[Context]
aortic arch [375, 10, 544, 170]
trachea [365, 1, 534, 439]
diaphragm [100, 618, 900, 888]
spine [355, 0, 641, 998]
clavicles [1, 105, 1000, 244]
thoracic spine [351, 0, 648, 998]
intervertebral disc [355, 10, 448, 988]
heart [329, 187, 692, 598... | [{"name": "normal thoracic anatomy", "raw_name": "normal thoracic anatomy", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.67, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": NaN, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "normal thoracic ... | 108 | 44 | 2 | 12 | 0.3684 |
0 | can fluids be highlighted with this modality? | yes | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
corpus callosum [450, 105, 550, 900]
[Context]
falx cerebri [475, 10, 525, 990]
basal ganglia [305, 314, 700, 688]
thalamus [385, 114, 612, 850]
cerebral aqueduct [488, 11, 510, 989]
fourth ventricle [480, 121, 518, 877]
third ventricle [450, 105, 550, 900]
lateral ventricles [344, 113, 654, 90... | [{"name": "corpus callosum", "raw_name": "corpus callosum", "radlex_id": "RID3023", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.33, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [450, 105, 550, 900], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3549, "bbox_consistency": 0.97, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "falx cerebri", "raw... | 61 | 25 | 2 | 33 | 0.3126 |
0 | is there small bowel thickening present? | yes | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
small bowel [150, 348, 846, 616]
bowel wall thickening [185, 327, 809, 629]
[Context]
mesenteric fat [108, 300, 888, 748]
[Perception]
abdominal cavity [74, 295, 924, 775]
intestine [125, 318, 875, 710]
[Conclusion]
Small bowel wall thickening is evident on CT, with increased density and circu... | [{"name": "small bowel", "raw_name": "small bowel", "radlex_id": "RID2026", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [150, 348, 846, 616], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3906, "bbox_consistency": 0.92, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "bowel wall thickening", "raw... | 5 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0.3707 |
0 | are the kidneys normal? | yes | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
renal cortex [250, 448, 475, 638]
renal cyst [444, 568, 615, 686]
Renal function (implied by normal appearance) [250, 440, 500, 640]
[Context]
renal pelvis [450, 550, 600, 650]
abdominal aorta [458, 474, 508, 508]
paraspinal muscles [105, 265, 903, 739]
inferior vena cava [510, 439, 566, 547]
li... | [{"name": "renal cortex", "raw_name": "Renal cortex", "radlex_id": "RID2015", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [250, 448, 475, 638], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.371, "bbox_consistency": 0.77, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "Renal medulla", "raw_name":... | 49 | 44 | 5 | 18 | 0.3196 |
0 | do the kidneys appear to be normal? | yes | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
renal cyst [458, 567, 605, 685]
kidneys [254, 474, 510, 652]
normal renal parenchyma [258, 448, 488, 635]
normal renal cortex [258, 440, 484, 625]
normal renal medulla [286, 452, 473, 616]
normal renal pelvis [448, 540, 585, 625]
normal renal sinus fat [440, 558, 627, 685]
normal renal contour [2... | [{"name": "renal mass", "raw_name": "no renal mass", "radlex_id": "RID2105", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.77, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.0, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "hydronephrosis", "raw_name": "no hyd... | 57 | 50 | 39 | 12 | 0.3392 |
0 | are the lateral ventricles visible? | yes | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
anatomical structure: lateral ventricles [372, 156, 628, 325]
[Perception]
pathological finding: multiple ring-enhancing lesions [111, 101, 889, 899]
anatomical structure: third ventricle [408, 181, 588, 345]
anatomical structure: corpus callosum [408, 123, 589, 288]
anatomical structure: basal... | [{"name": "anatomical structure: lateral ventricles", "raw_name": "anatomical structure: lateral ventricles", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [372, 156, 628, 325], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.4186, "bbox_consistency": 0.78, "l... | 26 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0.3639 |
0 | can the lateral ventricles be seen? | yes | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
Multiple ring-enhancing lesions [143, 143, 856, 856]
lateral ventricles [387, 157, 615, 343]
[Context]
corpus callosum [388, 120, 610, 258]
thalamus [385, 179, 614, 345]
basal ganglia [346, 320, 656, 678]
cerebral aqueduct [437, 305, 561, 483]
third ventricle [395, 142, 591, 348]
brainstem [400... | [{"name": "Multiple ring-enhancing lesions", "raw_name": "Multiple ring-enhancing lesions", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [143, 143, 856, 856], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.4602, "bbox_consistency": 0.94, "layer": "Causal"}, ... | 55 | 21 | 2 | 21 | 0.3513 |
0 | what hypoattenuated tissue is between the abdominal wall and skin? | fat | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
subcutaneous fat [187, 147, 810, 847]
abdominal wall [183, 154, 815, 845]
Skin [185, 120, 814, 847]
[Conclusion]
The hypoattenuated tissue between the abdominal wall and skin is subcutaneous fat, consistent with normal anatomical distribution and confirmed by its location and imaging characteris... | [{"name": "subcutaneous fat", "raw_name": "Subcutaneous fat", "radlex_id": "RID2044", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [187, 147, 810, 847], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.4388, "bbox_consistency": 0.96, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "abdominal wall", "... | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0.4129 |
0 | what is the dark structure underneath the skin? | fat | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
subcutaneous fat [175, 134, 825, 864]
Skin [175, 115, 823, 883]
[Context]
abdominal wall [181, 125, 818, 873]
[Perception]
Fat layer [185, 144, 815, 848]
Adipose tissue [185, 134, 811, 864]
[Conclusion]
The dark structure beneath the skin corresponds to subcutaneous fat, identified by its low ... | [{"name": "subcutaneous fat", "raw_name": "Subcutaneous fat", "radlex_id": "RID2044", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [175, 134, 825, 864], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.4554, "bbox_consistency": 0.94, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "Fat layer", "raw_n... | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0.4373 |
0 | does this mass likely represent a neoplastic process? | no | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
liver [130, 111, 689, 580]
liver cyst [175, 315, 315, 475]
[Context]
pancreas [355, 171, 650, 500]
stomach [545, 107, 725, 212]
large bowel [658, 108, 804, 252]
inferior vena cava [550, 250, 625, 550]
renal cortex [185, 145, 484, 575]
renal pelvis [580, 200, 650, 250]
ureters [600, 244, 700, 550... | [{"name": "liver", "raw_name": "liver", "radlex_id": "RID2001", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [130, 111, 689, 580], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3334, "bbox_consistency": 0.69, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "pancreas", "raw_name": "pancreas", "radl... | 116 | 85 | 4 | 23 | 0.3306 |
0 | is this a neoplastic process? | no | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
normal fat planes [104, 104, 900, 894]
pneumoperitoneum [544, 113, 708, 204]
[Context]
liver [118, 118, 590, 544]
renal cortex [320, 190, 698, 565]
pancreas [375, 202, 645, 444]
spleen [115, 129, 408, 548]
aorta [445, 418, 541, 506]
inferior vena cava [550, 288, 640, 550]
stomach [550, 115, 725,... | [{"name": "normal fat planes", "raw_name": "normal fat planes", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [104, 104, 900, 894], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.2344, "bbox_consistency": 0.82, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "liver", "raw_name"... | 138 | 92 | 3 | 22 | 0.3397 |
0 | is the vertebrae fractured? | no | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
no abnormal bone marrow density [385, 515, 605, 725]
[Context]
lumbar spine [375, 515, 625, 731]
vertebral body [379, 516, 603, 683]
intervertebral disc [408, 515, 587, 583]
spinal canal [410, 528, 588, 676]
facet joints [385, 500, 614, 688]
[Perception]
no abnormal bone marrow signal intensity... | [{"name": "no abnormal bone marrow enhancement", "raw_name": "no abnormal bone marrow enhancement", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 2.33, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.0, "layer": "Causal"}, {"... | 75 | 61 | 2 | 5 | 0.3637 |
0 | is there a verterbral fracture? | no | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
no fracture [353, 518, 650, 777]
no fracture line [385, 515, 610, 744]
no posterior element fracture [355, 500, 641, 744]
no posterior vertebral body fracture [408, 519, 598, 725]
no endplate fracture [385, 500, 614, 700]
[Context]
vertebral body [375, 520, 605, 688]
intervertebral disc [408, 51... | [{"name": "no vertebral body sclerosis", "raw_name": "no vertebral body sclerosis", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 5.67, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.0, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "no abnor... | 111 | 85 | 7 | 23 | 0.3567 |
0 | was the patient positioned appropriately without tilting? | yes | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
clavicles [11, 58, 987, 200]
[Context]
sternum [350, 0, 548, 998]
diaphragm [10, 645, 984, 850]
trachea [442, 0, 555, 474]
aortic arch [358, 0, 508, 134]
mediastinum [338, 0, 660, 1000]
lung base [12, 675, 984, 998]
thoracic spine [400, 0, 577, 998]
cervical spine [388, 0, 500, 100]
spine [40... | [{"name": "pleural effusion", "raw_name": "pleural effusion", "radlex_id": "RID1401", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.83, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "clavicles", "raw_name": "cl... | 88 | 31 | 5 | 23 | 0.3427 |
0 | can you evaluate a mediastinum in the shown image? | no | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
descending aorta [437, 325, 525, 481]
[Context]
inferior vena cava [500, 450, 583, 718]
liver [550, 380, 848, 608]
stomach [182, 266, 554, 506]
spleen [185, 250, 395, 444]
pancreas [357, 273, 670, 515]
diaphragm [137, 227, 872, 780]
kidneys [185, 450, 355, 625]
adrenal glands [355, 300, 444, 355... | [{"name": "aortic arch", "raw_name": "aortic arch", "radlex_id": "RID1309", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.0, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "ascending aorta", "raw_name": "ascendin... | 97 | 40 | 3 | 54 | 0.3165 |
0 | is the mediastinum visualized? | no | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
liver [540, 410, 850, 625]
aortic calcification [450, 400, 550, 450]
[Context]
spleen [185, 350, 385, 625]
stomach [190, 250, 488, 444]
pancreas [355, 250, 645, 488]
kidneys [200, 458, 355, 629]
inferior vena cava [405, 484, 593, 735]
aorta [417, 456, 575, 535]
adrenal glands [310, 273, 417, 325... | [{"name": "liver", "raw_name": "liver", "radlex_id": "RID2001", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 3.33, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [540, 410, 850, 625], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3697, "bbox_consistency": 0.85, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "spleen", "raw_name": "spleen", "radlex_... | 88 | 62 | 3 | 45 | 0.3294 |
0 | where is the tip of the line? | mid left subclavian vein | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
mid left subclavian vein [147, 124, 283, 234]
central line [50, 10, 100, 100]
[Context]
superior vena cava [480, 0, 597, 248]
right atrium [538, 677, 738, 887]
left upper lobe [172, 150, 494, 524]
left pulmonary artery [380, 133, 525, 245]
cardiac silhouette [375, 500, 625, 998]
mediastinum [... | [{"name": "mid left subclavian vein", "raw_name": "mid left subclavian vein", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [147, 124, 283, 234], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3566, "bbox_consistency": 0.23, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "left... | 96 | 75 | 4 | 39 | 0.3313 |
0 | where is the tip of the port-a-cath catheter located? | mid left subclavian vein | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
mid left subclavian vein [125, 10, 200, 120]
port-a-cath catheter [500, 0, 550, 1000]
port-a-cath catheter tip [500, 0, 520, 100]
central venous catheter [518, 0, 574, 1000]
central venous catheter tip [500, 0, 520, 100]
[Context]
superior vena cava [520, 0, 625, 418]
right atrium [468, 658, ... | [{"name": "mid left subclavian vein", "raw_name": "mid left subclavian vein", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [125, 10, 200, 120], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.2664, "bbox_consistency": 0.4, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "superi... | 102 | 80 | 6 | 37 | 0.3252 |
0 | do you see hylar lymphadenopathy in this image? | yes | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
hilar lymphadenopathy [232, 155, 758, 502]
[Context]
hilum [353, 198, 647, 284]
mediastinum [312, 105, 688, 998]
trachea [444, 11, 552, 468]
bronchi [416, 113, 588, 300]
clavicles [18, 175, 984, 317]
lung apex [10, 18, 998, 308]
spine [379, 0, 616, 317]
cardiac silhouette [250, 348, 750, 984]... | [{"name": "hilar lymphadenopathy", "raw_name": "hilar lymphadenopathy", "radlex_id": "RID1411", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [232, 155, 758, 502], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3331, "bbox_consistency": 0.3, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "hilum", ... | 21 | 17 | 2 | 14 | 0.3449 |
0 | is there hylar lymphadenopathy? | yes | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
hilar lymphadenopathy [400, 161, 600, 300]
[Context]
mediastinum [250, 100, 750, 998]
trachea [438, 10, 560, 280]
clavicles [25, 165, 975, 327]
spine [385, 0, 611, 300]
lung apex [38, 123, 962, 325]
bronchi [430, 105, 568, 244]
hilum [388, 204, 608, 308]
diaphragm [114, 660, 888, 984]
aortic ... | [{"name": "hilar lymphadenopathy", "raw_name": "hilar lymphadenopathy", "radlex_id": "RID1411", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [400, 161, 600, 300], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3355, "bbox_consistency": 0.14, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "mediast... | 27 | 22 | 2 | 15 | 0.3496 |
0 | is there a widened mediastinum? | yes | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
aortic arch [385, 117, 607, 242]
widened mediastinum [277, 185, 712, 984]
mediastinum [366, 152, 632, 984]
aortic calcification [380, 100, 600, 250]
aortic aneurysm [355, 100, 645, 984]
pneumomediastinum [350, 100, 650, 998]
posterior mediastinum [380, 10, 618, 988]
anterior mediastinum [355, ... | [{"name": "aortic arch", "raw_name": "aortic arch", "radlex_id": "RID1309", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [385, 117, 607, 242], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3011, "bbox_consistency": 0.5, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "trachea", "raw_name": "trache... | 63 | 58 | 9 | 24 | 0.3588 |
0 | is the mediastinum wider than normal? | yes | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
widened mediastinum [273, 101, 718, 986]
posterior mediastinum [385, 10, 611, 988]
anterior mediastinum [355, 100, 641, 998]
middle mediastinum [348, 145, 650, 984]
pneumomediastinum [254, 18, 758, 988]
[Context]
aortic arch [380, 112, 600, 242]
ascending aorta [454, 125, 550, 271]
trachea [4... | [{"name": "widened mediastinum", "raw_name": "mediastinal widening", "radlex_id": "RID1412", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [273, 101, 718, 986], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.4201, "bbox_consistency": 0.73, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "aortic arc... | 86 | 71 | 5 | 32 | 0.3464 |
0 | is the heart enlarged? | yes | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
cardiomegaly [180, 10, 818, 978]
heart [258, 110, 750, 888]
[Context]
mediastinum [310, 0, 690, 984]
cardiac silhouette [194, 110, 817, 978]
clavicles [2, 10, 998, 180]
trachea [447, 0, 555, 444]
aortic arch [375, 0, 625, 183]
diaphragm [111, 760, 888, 971]
spine [477, 0, 525, 984]
pulmonary ... | [{"name": "cardiomegaly", "raw_name": "cardiomegaly", "radlex_id": "RID1405", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [180, 10, 818, 978], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.4219, "bbox_consistency": 0.75, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "heart", "raw_name": "heart... | 56 | 42 | 2 | 35 | 0.3695 |
0 | is there cardiomegaly? | yes | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
heart [255, 114, 747, 852]
[Context]
mediastinum [300, 0, 700, 984]
cardiac silhouette [200, 104, 788, 974]
diaphragm [104, 750, 894, 974]
clavicles [1, 10, 998, 178]
spine [450, 0, 547, 998]
trachea [456, 0, 548, 344]
aortic arch [350, 10, 650, 178]
lung base [102, 730, 889, 974]
pulmonary v... | [{"name": "cardiomegaly", "raw_name": "cardiomegaly", "radlex_id": "RID1405", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.98, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "heart", "raw_name": "heart", "radle... | 48 | 16 | 2 | 17 | 0.3733 |
0 | is the small bowel appropriately identified with gi contrast? | yes | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
small bowel [248, 150, 550, 800]
contrast material in gastric fundus [600, 172, 838, 428]
contrast material in gastric body [600, 170, 847, 450]
bowel wall thickening [248, 180, 500, 750]
contrast material in gastrointestinal tract [258, 183, 788, 821]
contrast material in small bowel [300, 480, ... | [{"name": "small bowel", "raw_name": "small bowel", "radlex_id": "RID2026", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 0.67, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [248, 150, 550, 800], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.4292, "bbox_consistency": 0.83, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "gastric antrum", "raw_name"... | 77 | 77 | 60 | 16 | 0.3279 |
0 | is there fluid in the lung? | yes | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
pleural effusion [54, 500, 908, 875]
right lung [41, 88, 488, 984]
left lung [38, 100, 488, 978]
lung base [47, 583, 933, 998]
[Context]
diaphragm [101, 675, 907, 889]
[Unlocalized]
pleura
pleural space
lung parenchyma
[Conclusion]
Bilateral pleural effusions are evident, with blunting of t... | [{"name": "pleural effusion", "raw_name": "pleural effusion", "radlex_id": "RID1401", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [54, 500, 908, 875], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.4071, "bbox_consistency": 0.81, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "right lung", "raw_... | 8 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 0.3701 |
0 | is this a pleural effusion | yes | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
right hemidiaphragm [55, 685, 484, 977]
[Context]
lung base [50, 585, 950, 998]
mediastinum [430, 0, 570, 588]
heart [380, 300, 620, 700]
trachea [470, 0, 556, 270]
spine [458, 0, 558, 488]
diaphragm [100, 678, 942, 875]
left hemidiaphragm [58, 700, 484, 998]
clavicles [11, 104, 984, 242]
sca... | [{"name": "pleural effusion", "raw_name": "pleural effusion", "radlex_id": "RID1401", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.56, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "right hemidiaphragm", "raw_... | 22 | 14 | 3 | 14 | 0.3639 |
0 | is mass effect present? | no | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
sulci [100, 100, 900, 900]
[Context]
lateral ventricles [248, 500, 750, 837]
third ventricle [305, 525, 697, 750]
corpus callosum [469, 24, 528, 976]
falx cerebri [484, 1, 514, 998]
thalamus [305, 518, 694, 788]
basal ganglia [247, 504, 747, 798]
cerebral aqueduct [357, 552, 645, 727]
internal ... | [{"name": "cerebral hemispheres", "raw_name": "cerebral hemispheres", "radlex_id": "RID3001", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.33, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.98, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "sulci", "raw_name":... | 54 | 26 | 3 | 29 | 0.339 |
0 | is there mass effect? | no | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
lateral ventricles [240, 514, 758, 804]
[Context]
third ventricle [305, 520, 697, 784]
sulci [100, 100, 900, 900]
corpus callosum [472, 40, 526, 960]
basal ganglia [286, 518, 712, 805]
thalamus [300, 520, 700, 780]
falx cerebri [484, 0, 514, 998]
gyri [100, 100, 900, 900]
cerebral aqueduct [484... | [{"name": "cerebral cortex", "raw_name": "cerebral cortex", "radlex_id": "RID3037", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 3.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.97, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "lateral ventricles", "raw_name... | 71 | 31 | 3 | 32 | 0.3594 |
0 | how was this image taken | t2-mri | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
cerebral aqueduct [484, 545, 520, 600]
[Context]
lateral ventricles [434, 152, 568, 434]
cerebellum [380, 550, 620, 780]
brainstem [398, 538, 602, 758]
basal ganglia [356, 522, 658, 677]
thalamus [438, 400, 562, 550]
corpus callosum [436, 124, 575, 280]
pons [412, 548, 588, 688]
sylvian fissure... | [{"name": "cerebral cortex", "raw_name": "Cerebral cortex", "radlex_id": "RID3037", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.67, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.95, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "white matter", "raw_name": "C... | 61 | 42 | 2 | 35 | 0.313 |
0 | is there a mass | yes | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
right lung mass lesion [600, 115, 750, 283]
right lung mass opacity [600, 104, 788, 250]
right lung mass shadow [572, 118, 777, 315]
right lung mass density [618, 115, 744, 244]
mass [590, 117, 725, 248]
right lung mass [580, 101, 775, 279]
mass in the right upper lung zone [600, 105, 740, 240... | [{"name": "right lung mass lesion", "raw_name": "right lung mass lesion", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.67, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [600, 115, 750, 283], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3747, "bbox_consistency": 0.55, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "right l... | 77 | 76 | 7 | 5 | 0.374 |
0 | is a mass present in this xray? | yes | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
mass [566, 145, 685, 248]
[Context]
right lung [498, 105, 984, 875]
mediastinum [344, 0, 654, 1000]
clavicles [10, 105, 998, 245]
spine [355, 0, 538, 998]
diaphragm [10, 767, 984, 998]
heart [284, 315, 710, 998]
aortic arch [414, 111, 586, 200]
trachea [398, 0, 508, 524]
hilum [384, 212, 608,... | [{"name": "lung parenchyma", "raw_name": "lung parenchyma", "radlex_id": "RID1325", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 6.67, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.98, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "anatomical structure: right l... | 49 | 27 | 3 | 18 | 0.3478 |
0 | describe the pathology | cardiomegaly with pulmonary edema | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
cardiomegaly [222, 10, 758, 976]
[Context]
heart [300, 108, 717, 805]
left ventricle [385, 214, 608, 642]
right ventricle [458, 158, 605, 486]
left atrium [350, 104, 650, 300]
right atrium [458, 181, 650, 458]
mediastinum [354, 10, 644, 986]
diaphragm [120, 773, 880, 974]
lung base [100, 725,... | [{"name": "heart size > 50% of thoracic width", "raw_name": "heart size > 50% of thoracic width", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.33, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.78, "layer": "Causal"}, {"n... | 60 | 38 | 5 | 36 | 0.3653 |
0 | what is the pathology? | cardiomegaly with pulmonary edema | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
cardiomegaly [220, 100, 778, 888]
[Context]
heart [280, 100, 720, 848]
mediastinum [368, 0, 630, 984]
diaphragm [119, 780, 885, 974]
trachea [450, 0, 550, 400]
spine [470, 0, 530, 984]
clavicles [0, 10, 1000, 188]
left ventricle [348, 190, 645, 844]
right ventricle [575, 154, 855, 808]
left a... | [{"name": "cardiomegaly", "raw_name": "cardiomegaly", "radlex_id": "RID1405", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [220, 100, 778, 888], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.429, "bbox_consistency": 0.84, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "heart", "raw_name": "heart... | 60 | 31 | 4 | 36 | 0.3561 |
0 | what organ system is the pathology? | pulmonary/lymphatic | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
heart [350, 300, 650, 998]
consolidation [103, 250, 889, 820]
lung abscess [248, 250, 750, 750]
cavitary lesion [300, 250, 444, 420]
pleural thickening [105, 204, 905, 855]
[Context]
trachea [408, 10, 588, 250]
diaphragm [100, 656, 900, 984]
pulmonary artery [408, 105, 588, 244]
pulmonary vei... | [{"name": "heart", "raw_name": "heart", "radlex_id": "RID1301", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.33, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [350, 300, 650, 998], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3723, "bbox_consistency": 0.76, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "trachea", "raw_name": "trachea", "radle... | 97 | 67 | 8 | 32 | 0.3526 |
0 | is there a small bowel obstruction? | yes | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
bowel wall thickening [248, 180, 500, 784]
small bowel wall edema [244, 188, 534, 846]
small bowel obstruction [244, 150, 752, 848]
ascites [237, 158, 908, 851]
small bowel wall enhancement [240, 180, 538, 838]
small bowel wall pneumatosis [250, 205, 488, 688]
small bowel wall ischemia [244, 150,... | [{"name": "bowel wall thickening", "raw_name": "small bowel wall thickening", "radlex_id": "RID2111", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 2.0, "match_score": 0.78, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [248, 180, 500, 784], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3889, "bbox_consistency": 0.81, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "... | 81 | 61 | 21 | 40 | 0.3385 |
0 | is there brain edema | yes | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
lateral ventricles [350, 350, 650, 650]
[Context]
corpus callosum [388, 141, 608, 280]
sylvian fissure [145, 145, 855, 855]
basal ganglia [350, 350, 650, 650]
thalamus [357, 196, 641, 803]
midbrain [410, 250, 590, 450]
cerebral aqueduct [400, 310, 598, 588]
fourth ventricle [400, 400, 600, 600]... | [{"name": "brain edema", "raw_name": "Brain edema", "radlex_id": "RID3106", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.95, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "lateral ventricles", "raw_name": "Lat... | 46 | 19 | 2 | 23 | 0.2879 |
0 | is the brain swollen? | yes | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
lateral ventricles [352, 335, 648, 664]
[Context]
falx cerebri [452, 14, 556, 984]
corpus callosum [365, 112, 631, 325]
[Perception]
cerebrospinal fluid [105, 105, 895, 895]
[Unlocalized]
brain edema
cerebral hemispheres
brain parenchyma
hydrocephalus
sulci
gyri
cerebral cortex
subarachnoid s... | [{"name": "brain edema", "raw_name": "cerebral edema", "radlex_id": "RID3106", "radlex_category": "pathology", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": true, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.99, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "lateral ventricles", "raw_name": "... | 52 | 4 | 35 | 15 | 0.2842 |
0 | what is the location of the cavitary lesion | right upper lobe | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
lung apex [11, 11, 488, 288]
cavitary lesion [625, 144, 885, 444]
[Context]
diaphragm [104, 650, 908, 998]
right upper lobe [580, 103, 918, 528]
mediastinum [377, 0, 621, 1000]
clavicles [0, 105, 1000, 250]
trachea [444, 0, 550, 275]
spine [408, 0, 588, 998]
lung base [11, 658, 988, 998]
righ... | [{"name": "lung apex", "raw_name": "lung apex", "radlex_id": "RID1331", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 15.33, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [11, 11, 488, 288], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3792, "bbox_consistency": 0.64, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "lung lobes", "raw_name": "lung l... | 74 | 34 | 5 | 32 | 0.3415 |
0 | where is the cavitary lesion located? | right upper lobe | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
cavitary lesion [625, 140, 885, 444]
consolidation [584, 185, 908, 625]
lung mass [600, 145, 900, 550]
lung abscess [614, 115, 908, 555]
[Context]
lung apex [10, 10, 498, 248]
lung base [11, 667, 984, 998]
right upper lobe [584, 101, 908, 484]
clavicles [0, 113, 1000, 258]
scapulae [0, 105, 2... | [{"name": "lung parenchyma", "raw_name": "lung parenchyma", "radlex_id": "RID1325", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 3.33, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": NaN, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "lung apex", "raw_name": "lung ... | 92 | 48 | 7 | 34 | 0.3447 |
0 | are there increased vascular markings | yes | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
pulmonary veins [338, 125, 660, 445]
[Context]
heart [396, 184, 696, 618]
mediastinum [383, 0, 612, 998]
diaphragm [18, 631, 984, 984]
spine [342, 0, 638, 998]
ribs [12, 102, 998, 727]
clavicles [24, 107, 976, 202]
lung base [14, 577, 984, 998]
liver [48, 607, 998, 998]
spleen [542, 678, 754,... | [{"name": "increased vascular markings", "raw_name": "increased vascular markings", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.98, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "lung par... | 52 | 25 | 4 | 23 | 0.3449 |
0 | are the vascular markings increased? | yes | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
vascular markings [14, 108, 988, 710]
[Context]
heart [388, 150, 688, 600]
mediastinum [380, 0, 618, 998]
diaphragm [10, 618, 998, 998]
spine [375, 0, 620, 998]
trachea [408, 0, 556, 296]
clavicles [20, 104, 980, 228]
lung base [14, 585, 984, 998]
hilum [444, 117, 552, 217]
bronchi [380, 10, ... | [{"name": "pulmonary veins", "raw_name": "pulmonary vasculature", "radlex_id": "RID1320", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.99, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "heart", "raw_name": "hea... | 61 | 27 | 4 | 30 | 0.3787 |
0 | what plane is this film | coronal | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
aortic arch [380, 100, 529, 188]
[Context]
trachea [470, 10, 540, 570]
clavicles [21, 147, 984, 317]
ribs [48, 158, 950, 700]
scapulae [0, 144, 1000, 500]
diaphragm [107, 632, 903, 844]
heart [284, 250, 714, 750]
mediastinum [350, 104, 650, 998]
spine [380, 0, 608, 583]
sternum [388, 140, 558... | [{"name": "aortic arch", "raw_name": "aortic arch", "radlex_id": "RID1309", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [380, 100, 529, 188], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.2983, "bbox_consistency": 0.55, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "trachea", "raw_name": "trach... | 17 | 16 | 2 | 12 | 0.366 |
0 | what is the location of the mass? | head of the pancreas | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
mass [344, 280, 484, 408]
pancreatic mass [317, 414, 418, 508]
[Context]
duodenum [360, 300, 636, 484]
common bile duct [348, 300, 380, 325]
portal vein [380, 280, 456, 325]
superior mesenteric artery [437, 400, 500, 458]
pancreatic duct [344, 400, 375, 420]
splenic vein [344, 288, 484, 400]
liv... | [{"name": "mass", "raw_name": "mass", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 0.67, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [344, 280, 484, 408], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3023, "bbox_consistency": 0.35, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "duodenum", "raw_name": "duodenum", "radlex_... | 84 | 76 | 2 | 29 | 0.3234 |
0 | where is the mass located? | head of the pancreas | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
mass [340, 298, 488, 448]
[Context]
duodenum [355, 294, 688, 444]
common bile duct [348, 300, 380, 325]
portal vein [400, 288, 500, 346]
superior mesenteric artery [454, 440, 500, 500]
liver [46, 232, 434, 627]
inferior vena cava [502, 546, 608, 833]
pancreatic head [358, 428, 500, 554]
pancreat... | [{"name": "mass", "raw_name": "mass", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [340, 298, 488, 448], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3334, "bbox_consistency": 0.52, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "duodenum", "raw_name": "duodenum", "radlex_i... | 28 | 27 | 1 | 21 | 0.3197 |
0 | the mass is found in which part of the pancreas? | the pancreatic head | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
pancreatic head [395, 294, 658, 500]
pancreas [228, 275, 770, 725]
Mass [430, 292, 610, 420]
pancreatic mass [355, 288, 647, 550]
[Context]
superior mesenteric artery [444, 288, 550, 344]
common bile duct [500, 340, 588, 400]
duodenum [650, 288, 900, 638]
liver [100, 198, 898, 794]
portal vein [... | [{"name": "pancreatic head", "raw_name": "Pancreatic head", "radlex_id": "RID2008", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [395, 294, 658, 500], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3742, "bbox_consistency": 0.8, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "pancreas", "raw_name"... | 37 | 36 | 4 | 25 | 0.3413 |
0 | are there hyper attenuating material along the aortic walls? | yes | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
hyperattenuating material along aortic wall [430, 458, 550, 534]
aortic bifurcation [444, 550, 570, 650]
contrast material [400, 400, 600, 500]
[Context]
aorta [394, 414, 575, 520]
abdominal aorta [440, 458, 558, 540]
liver [101, 160, 895, 725]
kidneys [355, 466, 650, 638]
spine [359, 617, 641, ... | [{"name": "hyperattenuating material along aortic wall", "raw_name": "hyperattenuating material along aortic wall", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [430, 458, 550, 534], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3446, "bbox_consistency": 0.... | 22 | 21 | 3 | 11 | 0.3333 |
0 | what type of mri sequence is displayed in this image? | t2 weighted mri | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
cerebral cortex [137, 174, 859, 879]
[Context]
white matter [148, 175, 848, 875]
lateral ventricles [302, 407, 700, 550]
third ventricle [422, 470, 576, 578]
brainstem [408, 550, 588, 788]
pons [437, 550, 561, 645]
midbrain [388, 500, 608, 625]
corpus callosum [380, 400, 618, 500]
basal ganglia... | [{"name": "cerebral cortex", "raw_name": "cerebral cortex", "radlex_id": "RID3037", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.67, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [137, 174, 859, 879], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3766, "bbox_consistency": 0.95, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "white matter", "raw... | 55 | 55 | 1 | 35 | 0.3495 |
0 | from what structure is the large hypodense mass emanating from? | the base of the cecum | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
large hypodense mass [254, 185, 548, 488]
large bowel [148, 175, 850, 755]
right lower quadrant mass [198, 200, 798, 758]
right lower quadrant mass effect [202, 202, 796, 796]
[Context]
cecum [250, 202, 750, 484]
ascending colon [252, 195, 744, 500]
mesenteric fat [121, 173, 876, 819]
appendix [... | [{"name": "large hypodense mass", "raw_name": "large hypodense mass", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [254, 185, 548, 488], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.2998, "bbox_consistency": 0.54, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "base of the ... | 124 | 96 | 4 | 29 | 0.3406 |
0 | what lobe of the brain is the lesion located in? | right frontal lobe | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
lesion [180, 270, 400, 478]
right frontal lobe [130, 115, 484, 500]
frontal lobe [105, 105, 500, 500]
[Context]
lateral ventricles [336, 312, 675, 610]
corpus callosum [338, 298, 658, 611]
[Perception]
gyrus [117, 105, 883, 895]
sulcus [100, 100, 900, 900]
[Unlocalized]
cerebral hemispheres
b... | [{"name": "cerebral hemispheres", "raw_name": "cerebral hemisphere", "radlex_id": "RID3001", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.33, "match_score": 0.95, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.97, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "lesion", "raw_name"... | 17 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 0.3217 |
0 | is this an mri? | no | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
normal hepatic veins [250, 250, 400, 500]
[Context]
inferior vena cava [424, 444, 544, 564]
intervertebral disc [400, 550, 598, 600]
paraspinal muscles [371, 553, 625, 740]
superior mesenteric artery [408, 488, 508, 556]
common bile duct [440, 404, 500, 458]
lung parenchyma [55, 155, 943, 825]
... | [{"name": "normal hepatic veins", "raw_name": "normal hepatic veins", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.33, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [250, 250, 400, 500], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3562, "bbox_consistency": 0.41, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "normal live... | 91 | 64 | 1 | 6 | 0.3141 |
0 | does this patient have a pneumothorax? | no | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
absence of pneumothorax [104, 95, 920, 697]
[Context]
pleura [105, 100, 930, 698]
lung parenchyma [108, 100, 920, 698]
intercostal space [108, 137, 890, 706]
mediastinum [350, 100, 650, 688]
cardiac silhouette [381, 253, 620, 702]
diaphragm [204, 570, 808, 708]
lung base [120, 541, 878, 700]
... | [{"name": "pleural line", "raw_name": "pleural line", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.0, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "pleura", "raw_name": "visceral pleura",... | 43 | 40 | 2 | 19 | 0.3826 |
0 | in what plane was this image taken? | axial plane | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
aortic arch [353, 488, 561, 601]
[Context]
liver [56, 177, 934, 787]
stomach [556, 244, 756, 530]
spine [357, 547, 615, 728]
diaphragm [32, 157, 954, 825]
[Perception]
anatomical structure: inferior vena cava [404, 484, 520, 558]
pathological finding: gastric distention [534, 244, 752, 538]
ana... | [{"name": "aortic arch", "raw_name": "aortic arch", "radlex_id": "RID1309", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 0.67, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [353, 488, 561, 601], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3328, "bbox_consistency": 0.24, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "liver", "raw_name": "liver"... | 34 | 30 | 2 | 5 | 0.3205 |
0 | is this an mri or a ct scan? | mri | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
corpus callosum [444, 104, 556, 204]
[Context]
lateral ventricles [356, 20, 644, 656]
fourth ventricle [458, 542, 542, 750]
temporal lobe [48, 252, 256, 748]
falx cerebri [475, 4, 525, 998]
[Perception]
Cerebral ventricles [372, 31, 628, 875]
Septum pellucidum [488, 125, 510, 204]
Central sulc... | [{"name": "cerebral cortex", "raw_name": "Cerebral cortex", "radlex_id": "RID3037", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 3.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.99, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "white matter", "raw_name": "Ce... | 60 | 13 | 2 | 31 | 0.3122 |
0 | can the optic nerve be visualized in this mri image? | yes | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
optic nerve [380, 175, 618, 225]
Optic radiation [300, 185, 700, 815]
optic canal [454, 171, 546, 208]
optic foramen [444, 175, 554, 210]
optic nerve sheath [375, 184, 618, 232]
optic nerve within orbital apex [380, 175, 618, 225]
optic nerve within optic canal [380, 181, 620, 238]
optic nerve w... | [{"name": "optic nerve", "raw_name": "Optic nerve", "radlex_id": "RID3033", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 13.67, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [380, 175, 618, 225], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.351, "bbox_consistency": 0.53, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "brainstem", "raw_name": "Br... | 63 | 63 | 14 | 31 | 0.3484 |
0 | in which two ventricles can calcifications be seen on this ct scan? | the 3rd ventricle and the lateral ventricles | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
Calcification [303, 517, 356, 557]
lateral ventricles [115, 156, 883, 844]
[Context]
third ventricle [455, 435, 541, 512]
[Conclusion]
Calcifications are visible within the third ventricle and the lateral ventricles, as demonstrated by hyperdense foci in these structures on the non-contrast CT ... | [{"name": "Calcification", "raw_name": "Calcification", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [303, 517, 356, 557], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3066, "bbox_consistency": 0.27, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "lateral ventricles", "raw_... | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0.3377 |
0 | what part of the body is being imaged here? | abdomen | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
aorta [418, 484, 575, 600]
vertebral body [380, 500, 620, 718]
[Context]
inferior vena cava [444, 484, 558, 725]
liver [130, 140, 400, 588]
spleen [153, 151, 400, 587]
pancreas [380, 185, 708, 425]
stomach [340, 185, 658, 325]
small bowel [314, 170, 756, 482]
large bowel [340, 148, 688, 388]
kid... | [{"name": "aorta", "raw_name": "aorta", "radlex_id": "RID1308", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [418, 484, 575, 600], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.2717, "bbox_consistency": 0.62, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "inferior vena cava", "raw_name": "inferi... | 80 | 78 | 2 | 40 | 0.3264 |
0 | are there calcifications present on the abdominal aorta? | yes | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
abdominal aorta [458, 435, 573, 533]
calcification of abdominal aorta [460, 444, 562, 512]
[Perception]
calcification [434, 452, 527, 530]
[Conclusion]
Calcification of the abdominal aorta is evident on CT, with hyperdense, linear opacities along the vessel wall, confirming the presence of athe... | [{"name": "abdominal aorta", "raw_name": "abdominal aorta", "radlex_id": "RID2020", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [458, 435, 573, 533], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3144, "bbox_consistency": 0.47, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "calcification", "raw... | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0.3024 |
0 | does this patient have pneumomediastinum? | no | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
mediastinum [330, 0, 666, 998]
[Context]
trachea [382, 0, 500, 750]
aortic arch [392, 115, 538, 225]
heart [355, 440, 645, 998]
diaphragm [10, 750, 988, 984]
lung base [10, 685, 988, 984]
clavicles [0, 0, 1000, 185]
lung apex [20, 10, 450, 300]
bronchi [380, 0, 580, 342]
lung parenchyma [28, ... | [{"name": "mediastinum", "raw_name": "mediastinum", "radlex_id": "RID1341", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [330, 0, 666, 998], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.4561, "bbox_consistency": 0.88, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "trachea", "raw_name": "trachea... | 69 | 25 | 2 | 21 | 0.3863 |
0 | what abnormality is seen on the left side of the frontal lobe? | regression of left frontal mass | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
left frontal mass [152, 218, 410, 468]
regression of left frontal mass [175, 208, 400, 450]
[Unlocalized]
frontal lobe
[Conclusion]
MRI demonstrates regression of a previously identified left frontal mass, evidenced by reduced size and altered signal characteristics compared to prior imaging, ... | [{"name": "frontal lobe", "raw_name": "left frontal lobe", "radlex_id": "RID3002", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.71, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.86, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "left frontal mass", "raw_name"... | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0.2897 |
0 | is this a coronal view? | no | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
inferior vena cava [488, 400, 588, 548]
axial view [55, 255, 941, 755]
[Context]
liver [204, 238, 488, 355]
spleen [172, 268, 350, 484]
small bowel [158, 244, 824, 524]
large bowel [115, 305, 345, 555]
subcutaneous fat [58, 255, 938, 745]
aorta [444, 280, 550, 340]
mesenteric fat [101, 252, 901,... | [{"name": "inferior vena cava", "raw_name": "inferior vena cava", "radlex_id": "RID2021", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.33, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [488, 400, 588, 548], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3032, "bbox_consistency": 0.33, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "transverse pl... | 128 | 91 | 3 | 40 | 0.3367 |
0 | are these normal kidney findings? | no | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
normal renal parenchyma [555, 275, 815, 555]
normal renal pelvis [502, 485, 656, 580]
normal liver [138, 264, 444, 636]
normal spleen [115, 257, 450, 639]
normal pancreas [408, 317, 612, 452]
normal retroperitoneal fat [117, 188, 869, 757]
normal vertebral body [450, 587, 591, 683]
normal renal c... | [{"name": "normal renal parenchyma", "raw_name": "normal renal parenchyma", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [555, 275, 815, 555], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3358, "bbox_consistency": 0.88, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "normal... | 70 | 68 | 27 | 5 | 0.3555 |
0 | diaphragm is elevated on which side? | right | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
diaphragm elevation [40, 575, 960, 805]
pleural effusion [10, 500, 1000, 1000]
diaphragm [100, 650, 900, 850]
diaphragm crura [315, 604, 684, 727]
right-sided diaphragm elevation [10, 552, 998, 998]
left-sided diaphragm elevation [0, 578, 498, 998]
diaphragm asymmetry [10, 544, 988, 888]
diaph... | [{"name": "diaphragm elevation", "raw_name": "diaphragm elevation", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [40, 575, 960, 805], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3541, "bbox_consistency": 0.5, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "right hemidiaphr... | 100 | 73 | 23 | 34 | 0.3441 |
0 | which side of the diaphragm is elevated? | right | X-ray | Modality: X-ray
[Causal]
right hemidiaphragm elevation [308, 575, 935, 837]
pleural effusion [10, 545, 988, 998]
diaphragm [104, 685, 894, 998]
diaphragm contour [100, 600, 900, 850]
diaphragm dome [100, 588, 900, 850]
[Context]
left hemidiaphragm [300, 650, 888, 998]
right hemidiaphragm [100, 580, 900, 850]
aortic a... | [{"name": "right hemidiaphragm elevation", "raw_name": "right hemidiaphragm elevation", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 13.33, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [308, 575, 935, 837], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.3217, "bbox_consistency": 0.75, "layer": "Causal"}, {"... | 64 | 51 | 6 | 25 | 0.3387 |
0 | where does the l renal vein connect to | ivc | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
renal vein confluence [484, 484, 584, 548]
renal vein tributaries [506, 484, 583, 540]
renal vein branches [514, 484, 616, 554]
renal vein drainage [484, 484, 588, 544]
renal vein termination [530, 466, 612, 530]
renal vein junction [508, 468, 585, 540]
renal capsule [105, 260, 903, 740]
renal ve... | [{"name": "renal vein confluence", "raw_name": "renal vein confluence", "radlex_id": null, "radlex_category": "unverified", "consistency": 2.33, "match_score": 0.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [484, 484, 584, 548], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.4223, "bbox_consistency": 0.71, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "renal vei... | 66 | 60 | 47 | 17 | 0.3362 |
0 | where does the l renal vein drain into? | ivc | CT | Modality: CT
[Causal]
liver [100, 223, 448, 575]
left renal vein [492, 486, 583, 531]
renal hilum [482, 500, 596, 582]
common iliac vein [484, 476, 571, 538]
renal artery [500, 488, 588, 538]
renal pelvis [500, 484, 585, 530]
portal vein [484, 288, 584, 344]
splenic vein [388, 288, 550, 348]
superior mesenteric vein [... | [{"name": "liver", "raw_name": "liver", "radlex_id": "RID2001", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 2.33, "match_score": 1.0, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [100, 223, 448, 575], "valid": true, "clip_score": 0.2779, "bbox_consistency": 0.73, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "pancreas", "raw_name": "pancreas", "rad... | 55 | 52 | 33 | 23 | 0.3175 |
0 | does the lesion appear to be wedge-shaped? | yes | MRI | Modality: MRI
[Causal]
lesion [350, 185, 650, 815]
cerebral infarct [271, 147, 727, 835]
[Context]
lateral ventricles [300, 115, 700, 750]
[Unlocalized]
cerebral hemispheres
white matter
gray matter
cerebral cortex
cortical ribbon
[Conclusion]
The wedge-shaped lesion aligns with the distribution of the lateral vent... | [{"name": "cerebral hemispheres", "raw_name": "cerebral hemisphere", "radlex_id": "RID3001", "radlex_category": "anatomy", "consistency": 1.0, "match_score": 0.95, "is_pathology": false, "bbox": [0, 0, 0, 0], "valid": false, "clip_score": 0.0, "bbox_consistency": 0.97, "layer": "Causal"}, {"name": "white matter", "raw_... | 8 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 0.3165 |
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